The Missionary Review of the World — March 1939

MARCH,1939

Vision and Power at Madras Paul W. Harrison Kenneth S. Latourette Foreign Missions Tomorrow John R. Mott V. S. Azariah Toyohiko Kagawa Recommendations from Tambaram Quotations from the Findings A Kashgar Moslem's Story Mrs. Glenn B. Ogden Primitive Animists in the Celebes Henry P. Van Dusen The Indian Poet-N. V. Tilak Kund Heiberg 25 Cents a COP'Y $2.50 a YeaT

to Remember Rev. S. S. Tema, a South African of Rev. Samuel Hinds Willqnson

Johannesburg, who works among the many years director of the Mildmay February 28-March 31- Teams of large African population employed in Mission to the Jews, died in London speakers from the Madras Confer- the gold mines and coming from many on January 5 at the age of 76. He ence are to visit a number of cities parts of Africa. He speaks four na- was the son of Rev. John Wilkinson, . in the United States and Canada to tive languages as well as Afrikaans who founded the Mission in 1876, and report on the most important fea- and English. became associated with his father in tures of that conference. One team the work in 1882, succeeding him as will consist of Professor G. Baez Obituary Notes director in 1907. He was a successful Camargo of Mexico, Dr. P. C. Hsu missionary'to the Jews and an accom- of China, and Miss Ila Sircar of Rev. Fred G. Mitchell, Presbyterian plished Hebrew scholar, being largely India. The second team will con- missionary to the Navajos since 1905, responsible for the translation of the sist of Dr. Rajah B. Manikam of died suddenly January 12 in his 81st Bible into Yiddish. India, Dr. Hachiro Yuasa of Japan, year. He had retired in 1933. Mr. and Miss Minnie Soga of South Mitchell labored for 14 years without *** Africa. a single convert, but during this time made invaluable contributions to the Rev. Dr. Alfred Williams Anthony, February 28-March l-WiQrld Alliance work as linguist and writer. In 1920, for five yearS! secretary of the Home of Presbyterian and Reformed he was made superintendent of the Missions Council of North America, Churches, Western Section, Pitts- Ganado Mission in Arizona; and from died at Waltham, Mass., on January burgh, Pa. 1930 until his retirement was Director 20. Dr. Anthony was 79 years of of Indian Wells Community Center. age, having been born in Providence, April 26 – Uniting Conference of Here he devoted most of his time to R. I., January 13, 1860, the son of the American Methodism, Kansas City, translation and evangelism. late Lewis and Britannia Anthony. Mo. He was graduated from Brown Uni- *** versity in 1883 and ordained as a min- May 25 – Presbyterian Church in ister of the Free Baptist Church in U. S. A., Cleveland, Ohio. James Fugat, volunteer worker for 1885. After a brief pastorate at many years in the Episcopal Mission Bangor, Maine, he taught in Cobb Di- June 8-Reformed Church in Amer- in the Philippines, was murdered there visional School and in Bates College, ica, New York, N. Y. on December 14. Mr. Fugat went to Maine. In 1911 he was made Corre- the Philippines from the United States sponding Secretary and Treasurer of June 20-25 – Northern Baptist Con- shortly after the American occupation the General Conference of Free Bap- vention, Los Angeles, Calif. of the islands and identified himself tists and in 1918 was elected Execu- with the native people. For a long tive Secretary of the Home Missions June 24-July l-E;agles Mere Confer- time he worked in the Moro agricul- Council, where he did very effective ence of Missions. Chairman, Mrs. tural school at Jolo, now closed. More work in cooperation in home missions. Earl Breeding, 24 Rugby Lane, recently, he was assisting at the mis- He is survived by his second wife, Scarsdale, N. Y. sion on Mindanao, where his death Mrs. Gertrude Libby Anthony. occurred. Personal Item. *** *** Dr. George B. Huntington, treas- H. W. Smith, Superintendent of the Mrs. J. H.Hudson, retired mission- Baptist Mission Press in Burma, died urer of the Aimerican Baptist Foreign ary of the Presbyterian East China suddenly of heart disease on January MIssion, died in Santa Monica, Calif., 19. He was fifty-six years of age, Mission Society, has -retired, and Mr. December 21. With her husband, Rev. and he had been in ·the service of the Forrest Smith, assistant, and then as- Junius H. Hudson, she went to China Board twenty-eight years. in 1879. They were stationed at Hangsociate treasurer, has been appointed chow, where Mr. Hudson developed a (Conc(uded on page 113.) small boarding school for boys into in his place. Hangchow Christian College, and was THf PRfS8YTfRIAn its first president. For two years **• after their retirement in 1923 they -=- The only weekly in the Rev. Ernest Grigg, Baptist mission- lived in Shanghai. Presbyterian Church.

ary at Maymyo, Burma, has reached *** .:- Its message is based upon retiring age, but feels the call of the the Revealed Word of God. Mrs. Marie A. Oldham, the widow land to which he has given 45 years of of Bishop William F. Oldham of -=- Goes into every state in Malaya, died on October 12 at the the Union, U. S. possessions service. He will spend months in dep- age of 81, and was buried beside her and many foreign countries. utation work in America and then, at husband in Glendale, Calif. She was born in Bangalore, India. Most of Subscription rate – $2.50 his own expense, win return to Burma. their missionary service was. in Ma- Ministerial rate – – $2.00 . **• laya, being located at Singapore. They celebrated the 50th anniversary of the SOc. extra–Canadian postage Dr. Paul W. Rood has resigned as founding of the Mission after they $1.50 extra– Foreign postage President of the Los Angeles Bible In- had passed the age of 75. stitute, and will devote his entire time THE PRESBYTERIAn to Bible conferences and evangelistic *** campaigns under the auspices of the 121 7 Market Street World's Christian Fundamentals As- The Rev. W. E. Cousins, for many Philadelphia. Pa. sQciation. years a missionary of the London Mis- sionary Society in Madagascar, died *** on January 5 at the advanced age of 99 years. Mr. Cousins was born at Dr. John Lyon Caughey, pastor of Abingdon, England, February 21, the First Presbyterian Church of 1840, and sailed for Madagascar in Glens Falls, N. Y., has gone to Shang~ April, 1862, a year after the death of hai, China, to become pastor of the the persecuting Queen Ranavalona. Community Church. In 1873 he began the great work of re- vising the Malagasy Bible, the impor- *** tance of which for Christian converts in Madagascar can scarcely be exag- Rev. J. C. de Korne, D'.D.• mission- gerated. He is the author 'of "Madaary in China until 1934, has succeeded gascar of Today," "A Concise Intro- Dr. Henry Beets as Director of the duction to the Study of the Malagasy Board of Missions of the Christian Language," and "Malagasy Proverbs." Reformed Church, who retired. upon • • • his· seventieth birthday in January. Among the interesting delegates attending the Madras 'Conference were Bishop A. F. Bennett of Auteaur6a, the son of a chieftainess of the Moari race of New Zealand. This race numbers now about 85,000 and Bishop Bennett· is devoting his life to work among them. Another delegate was

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REVIEW OF THE WORLD that now, while renewing my subscrip- Yokohama when you sail by tion I am ordering it also sent to the Empress to the Orient. Only DIlLAVA.N L. PlJi:RBON, Edjtor pastor of the Congregational Church. 3 more days to visit lovely Your magazine is especially valuable, Hawaii en route by Empress of VOL. LXII MAR., 1939 No.3 giving as it does important work in Japan, largest and fastest liner all the denominations. Dr. Speer's on the Pacific, or Empress of Publication and Business Offic&– article in the January issue greatly Canada. From California Third and Reily Sts., Harrisburg, Pa. impressed me." ADELE GREENE. ports connect at Honolulu: Editorial and Executive Office– Washington, D. C. Empress of Japan 156 Fifth Avenue, New York City. Entered as second-class matter at "We consider*TH*E R*EVIEW very val- Frequent sailings from both Vancouver and Victoria to Post 01l1ce, Harrisburg, Pa., under uable. The bound volumes as well as Yokohama, Kobe, Nagasaki, Act or March 3, 1879. the current issues are very widely Shanghai,HongKong,Manila. used by our faculty and students." Consult YOUR OWN TRAVEL 25 cents a copy-$2.50 a year. AGENT or Canadian Pacific: Foreign Postage, 50 cents a year. FRANCES WARNER, 41 offices in U. S. and Canada. Published monthly, except August. Serials Librarian, Iowa State All rights reserved. Copyrighted 1939. British agents – Marshall, Morgan College, Ames Iowa. and Scott, 12 Paternoster Buildings, London, E. C. 1 shilling per copy. Honors to Missionaries 10 shillings a year. King George VI of Great Britain, MISSIONARY REVIEW PUB- Emperor of India, has announced the LISHING CO., INC. following missionaries in India as recipients of honors in his New Year's BOARD OF DIRECTORS Honors list. The Kaiser-i-Hind Medal ROBERT E. SPJi:Ji:R. President (First Class) was granted to Mrs. A. A. L. WARNBHUIB. Vioe-Pre,iIIent E. Harper, of Moga, who has had W ALTER McDOUGALL. Treasurer much to do with developing the Moga DELAVAN L. PIllIRSON. Secretarll Training Institute. Miss Ida Scudder, M.D., Principal, Missionary Medical PAUL J. BRAISTED College Hospital, Vellore, Madras SAMUEL MCCRIIA. CA.VERT Presidency, received the Bar to the D. J. FA.NT Kaiser-i-Hind Medal (First Class) . MRS. ORRIN R. JUDD Miss E. A. Douglas, M.D., a skilful WM. B. LIPPHARD surgeon in charge of the Lady Kin- ERIC M. NORTH naird Women's Hospital in Lucknow, SAMUJi:L M. ZWEMJi:R received the "Order British Empire." For about twenty-five years she has Editorial Chat given able leadership to the hospital in Lucknow. Miss Helen Gregory, This month we devote considerable Superintendent of the Baptist Mission space to the recent World Missionary Women's Hospital, Berhampur, Orissa, Conference at Tambaram, a suburb of received the Kaiser-i-Hind Medal Madras. Teams of speakers, made up (Second Class) as did Miss Mildred of Christian Nationals of various Louise Dawson, of the C. M. S., Tincountries and of American delegates nevelly, Madras Presidency. are now touring the country to report on the outstanding facts revealed and A Correction the plans proposed for the future of missions. In our February REVIEW (pages 77 and 79), two errors occur in the titles *** of illustrations in the article on the Seneca Indians. The Dowdy family Readers will be interested in the re- (page 77) are not Christian Senecas, ports of Dr. Paul W. Harrison of but are followers of the "Long House." Arabia" Dr. Kenneth S. Latourette of Chief Hubert Kusick (page 79) is not Yale, and others. Next month we a Seneca Indian but was the Chief of plan to publish two appraisals, one by the Mohawk Indians who came from Dr. H. Kerr Taylor and one by Dr. Hen- Canada to the Alleghany Reservation, drick Kraemer of Holland, the author and became a Christian. of "The Christian Message for the Non-Christian World" which was the Obituary Notes basis of much discussion at Madras. (Concluded from 2d Cover.) *** Rev. Ven. Robert Henry Walker, Later issues of THE REVIEW will pioneer missionary and the first archcontain articles showing the develop- deacon of the Church of England in ment of Native Churches in various Uganda, died at Ealing, England, relands, the methods and results in evan- cently at the age of 81 years. He was gelism, the unfinished task of the born in Yorkshire, England, ordained Church and sketches of outstanding in 1880 and as a result of the influence Christian leaders. A number of of a colleague, Bishop James Hanningarticles have been promised from ton, volunteered for service in Uganda Christian Nationals of various lands. in 1887. He passed through some years of experiences of war and per- *** secution in Uganda during the reign of Mwanga. He retired from service Recent letters speak of the help re- in 1919 but not until he had seen treceived through THE REVIEW for a bet- mendous changes in the growth of the ter understanding of world conditions, Christian Church in Uganda. for light on the progress of Christianity, for a clearer knowledge of Indian [113 ] problems and of the American city, as well as valuable suggestions for work in churches at home. The following are brief extracts from some of these recent letters.

DELEGATES FROM MANY LANDS AT THE MADRAS

1. MISS ILA ROMOLA SIRCAR, Secretary of the 2. MISS MINNIE SOGA, South Africa 3. MISS MA MYA KYI, a Christian Leader Student Christian Movement in India 5. BOON MARK GITTIBARN, Pastor of the Sec- from Burma 4. LEONARDO G. DIA, Moderator of the Evan- ond Presbyterian Church, Bangkok, 6. SOETJIP'l'O, Secretary, Student Christian gelical Church, Philippine Islands Siam Movement, Java 8. PAO-CHIFJN HBU, Professor at the Uni- 7. HACHIRO YUABA, Former President of versity of Shanghai (Baptist) 9. G. BAEZ CAMARGO, Secretary of the Na- Doshisha University, Kyoto, Japan tional Evangelical Councll of Mexico

NARY

REVIB ORLD VOLUME LXII AN INTERDENOMINATIONAL REVIEW OF WORLD-WIDE CHRISTIAN PROGRESS NUMBER 3 MARCH,1939 Topics of the Times IMPRESSIONS OF MADRAS were present that no one stood out above the others. It was, in the best sense, a conference. Toward the International Missionary Confer- As in no other meeting in history, all Protestantence at Madras last December a great volume of ism was engaged in making plans for its next adprayer was directed. Thousands have been long- vances, particularly in the newer geographic froning that from this gathering a clear lead would tiers associated with the younger churches. be given to Christians the world over in a confused age, and that some pronouncement would come In the second place, the Conference was youthlike a ray of light and hope into a discouraged and ful in its composition. This was in part because bewildered generation. Did Madras accomplish so many of the leaders of the younger churches what we hoped? Was it worth while? The two are under fifty years old. It was also because of questions are not the same. Madras may not the deliberate policy of the organizers of the Conhave accomplished all that was hoped and yet, in ference. Seldom if ever has a gathering of unforeseen ways, it may have been eminently suc- church leaders been so generally drawn from the cessful. younger age groups. This means that those pres- ent have, on the average, from twenty to thirty In the main we believe that it did even more years of active life expectancy ahead. The friend- than those who actually planned the gathering had ships formed and the plans conceived will have dared to hope. It set in motion processes, all of a much longer period in which to come to fruition whose fruits will not be seen immediately but than if the gathering had been made up of delewhich, in the years to come, may prove of striking gates ten or fifteen years older.

significance. Six features of the Conference seem In the third place, Madras gave vivid evidence peculiarly striking. that the younger churches are coming of age.

First of all, the gathering was more widely rep- Nearly half of the delegates were non-Western resentative – more ecumenical- than any which members of the younger churches. At Edinburgh Protestant Christianity has ever seen. Over four in 1910 only a small handful were from the hundred and fifty delegates came from both the younger churches, and at Jerusalem in 1928 the younger and the older churches, and from about minority were from those churches. To a certain seventy different countries. The Jerusalem meet- degree this was by deliberate design. The organ- ing of ten years ago had a much smaller propor- izers of Madras purposely kept the percentage tion of delegates from Asia, Latin America, Af- from the younger churches high and at Madras rica, and the Pacific Islands. Madras was made the younger churches proved that in their own up of a cross-section of the leadership of Protes- right they were entitled to this larger proportion.

tant Christianity. No one or two or three persons Man for man their delegations were fully equal in dominated the gathering. Dr. Mott presided ability and character to those from the older throughout and his mind skilfully directed the churches. Several felt that the delegations from conference. Very fittingly he received an ovation India and China – which, naturally, were the when, near the end of the gathering, it was an- largest of the younger churches-were quite as nounced that he had consented to continue as notable as were the delegations from the Occident.

Chairman of the International Missionary Council The Chinese delegation was especially strong. Ten until 1941. But so many of the well-known figures years ago many of the Chinese and Indian dele- of the older and especially of the younger churches gates would have been still in college or university.

[115 ]

But there was no sense of cleavage between the emerging through such gatherin~s as Madras. delegates from the older and the younger churches. In some respects the Conference did not find it- In the former there was no attitude of condescension and in the latter almost no irritation born of self. Its pronouncements on international relaa sense of being regarded as still in tutelage. For tions and its suggestions for utilizing the resources these leaders the period of tutelage is past. Men of the churches in the promotion of world peace and women were recognized on the basis of their will to many seem colorless and weak. So, too, the true worth and the spokesmen for the younger findings on the Church's relations to the burning churches were not patronized or exhibited as a social and economic issues of the day will seem credit of their teachers. Through their leaders immature. In this they but reflect the present some of the younger churches are taking their stage of thought in Protestant circles. Here and rightful places as equals in the councils of the there proposals were made which have in them worldwide Christian fellowship. much of hope-such as the program outlined for coordinating the efforts of the churches in the In the fourth place, Madras was primarily a lands bordering the Pacific in an effort to make working conference and from this standpoint its that ocean deserve its name. Madras may mark utterances and achievements must be appraised. the beginning of a new and better day in the study Mind rubbed against mind, and spirit against of ways in which the churches can promote peace spirit, as the gathering sought to formulate a pro- between the nations and a more just social and gram for the next stage of the world mission of economic structure of society. Christianity. The entire body was divided into groups for free discussion on particular topics. In the fifth place, Madras was notable for its Out of each group came statements which em- fellowship. In some respects this was the greatest bodied the mind of those present and which were contribution. In a day when the nations of the presented to the entire Conference. earth are pulling apart, Christians from seventy different countries found the tie of faith in their The findings of Madras deserve a careful read- common Lord stronger than the divisions between ing by all interested in the world mission of Chris- their peoples. Chinese and Japanese, while they tianity. They are meant to guide younger and could not entirely agree on the issues which so older churches as the two together attempt to unfortunately divide their governments, met strengthen the Christian movement in the lands of around the communion table. They discussed, too, the younger churches. with amity, the present conflict. Anglican, Lu- theran, and Methodist bishops met the leaders of Madras, it will be recalled, was held primarily the non-episcopally governed bodies with an atfor the purpose of strengthening the younger tempt to win the others to their ecclesiastical posichurches. To them has been directed much of the tions. One communion service was according to effort of missions for at least the past generation. the Anglican ritual, and the other according to One of the strongest of the reports was on the Free Church procedure. The intimate life in the training of the ministry and there was an excel- simple yet commodious buildings of the Madras lent report on Christian literature, a field in which Christian College brought us quickly together and effective coordination and promotion are long facilitated acquaintance and informal conversaoverdue. Evangelism, as a means of fulfilling the tion. We seemed to catch a foretaste of that com- Church's mission and of strengthening the Church, pany which no man could number out of many received much attention and the unoccupied fields races and tongues who were disclosed in vision to were given a comprehensive survey. The relation the Seer of Pailmos. We saw before our very eyes of Church and State, so burning an issue in many the emerging Church Universal. We were explorlands, was discussed and the "faith by which the ing a new and more Christian road to unity than Church lives" as well as the nature and functions the Church has heretofore tried – a road which of the Church, were carefully examined. Pains- seeks a unity of the spirit and which makes unity taking studies on the economic basis of the of creed and of organization ancillary to it. "By Church and the problem of self-support provide this shall all men know that ye are my disciples, the best assemblage of facts which we have had if ye have love one to another." It was in strengthto help the younger churches in their efforts to be- ening this love that the Conference registered its come independent. The subject of the type of mis- greatest achievement. sionary needed and the preparation required is covered by a report which makes suggestions far In the sixth place, we left Madras seeing that beyond the present practice of the Boards. The our meeting was only the beginning of our task. group on cooperation and unity, pressed by repre- In his closing charge Dr. Matt rightly chose as his sentatives of the younger churches, came out with text the words: "To whomsoever much is given recommendations which, if adopted, will carry of him shall much be required." Madras must be cooperation to a further stage and will help to give appraised not by what was said there, or by the visible expression to the unity of spirit which is Findings, or even by the fellowship, but by what

TOPICS OF THE TIMES

is done in the months and years ahead by the dele- paganized Totalitarian government. The persecu- tions suffered by innocent people in the Third gates and those whom they and the Findings touch. Reich cause sorrow and indignation in all who love liberty and justice. Most of us have faith to believe that twenty or Unfortunately today there does not seem to be thirty years hence, we will see that Madras helped any territory to which these oppressed ones can flee for refuge. All the world is claimed, if not forward many movements in the Church and that actually occupied, by those who wish to control it. There are still great open areas, like those in Cenit was the beginning of others of first-class impor- tral Arabia, Australia, South America, Asia, Aftance. Madras may well prove to be one of the rica and Madagascar, that might provide a haven; maj or milestones in the onward march of the but much of such territory is not suitable for hu- man habitation. It is either barren or unwhole- Church of Christ. K. S. LATOURETTE. some. In addition to this the oppressive govern- ments also, like that of Pharaoh in Egypt, are not Yale University. willing to let the people go and to take their sub- stance with them so that they will be able to es- WHEN CHRISTIANS ARE PERSECUTED tablish homes elsewhere.

True Christians never persecute and they do not It is estimated that one million "non-Aryan" retaliate. They were warned by Christ to expect Christians in Germany are suffering with the persecution from those who are opposed to Him Jews, in addition to millions more who are opand His program but they were taught not to re- pressed and have their religious and social liberty taliate. "To return evil for good is devilish; to curtailed by the Nazi regime. Non-Aryans are return good for good or evil for evil is human; to forbidden to teach or to practice law and other return good for evil is Godlike." Christians are professions; they are banned from civil governinstructed to love their enemies, to bless those who ment positions, and are excluded from universipersecute them and pray for those who use them ties and government schools. The text of the Bible despitefully. Are Christians following Christ's itself has been altered in order to make it harmoninstructions today in regard to Nazi Germany, ize with Nazi tenets; church services and preachmilitaristic Japan and communistic Russia? Here ing are either under the ban or are subjected to is a test of true Christian character. the espionage of Nazi police. Christian pastors who do not conform to the governments' decrees Nevertheless some who call themselves Chris- as to religious practices are forbidden to preach tians are inclined to persecute those who differ and many are in prison and concentration camps. from them in their beliefs and practices, or who Many church organizations, especially of the will not submit to dictation. This was true in the youth, have been disbanded by order of the Govmiddle ages, when the Papacy was bent on per- ernment and church schools have been closed. secuting the "Reformers" who insisted on follow- Those who suffer include not only masses of uning the Bible and their conscience rather than the known Christians in Germany, but eminent scien- Pope. Similar persecutions are reported today in tists, doctors, professors, lawyers, authors and parts of Latin America and other lands where pastors. ecclesiastical leaders in power wish to dominate minority groups. Fox's "Book of Martyrs" tells What can Christians in America and Great the heartrending story of the persecution of Chris- Britain do to aid these sufferers, especially their tians; and the life of George Fox, who founded fellow Christians? The problem is too great for the Society of Friends, pictures graphically the any individual or small group to solve. We are aLmost unbelievable sufferings inflicted on a fellow confident that God will work out His plans in time; Christian in England by men professed to be fol- the best His people can do is to cooperate with lowers of Christ. The Puritans, the Pilgrims, the Him as the way is opened. Christians can pray, Huguenots and others fled from religious perse- not only for the persecuted, but for the persecucution in Europe, seeking some place where they tors. But Christians must do more. Committees could worship God according to the teaching of the have been fomned in Great Britain and America Bible and the dictates of their own consciences. In to raise funds and in other ways to help these sufthe Providence of God there was then a whole con- ferers, and, if possible to establish them in new tinent available where they might carve out their homes. The Jews in America have raised $250,000 destiny and build up a God-fearing community. for the present year to help the refugees of their race; surely the Christians can do as much or Today religious persecution is found all over the more. Now is the time of testing, not only for the world, in various forms and degrees. At present sufferers, but for Christians living in a land of attention is focussed on Germany. Not only are liberty and plenty. Every time of religious per- 500,000 Jews suffering there because they are Jews, but Christians also are suffering, either because they have a fraction of Jewish blood, and so are considered "non-Aryans," or because they are Christians and refuse to allow their worship of God to be .interfered with by the dictates of a

secution in the past has been accompanied or fol- are thirty million Protestant Church members and lowed by a spiritual revival-as in the time of the probably over three times that number in families Reformation, of the Wesleys, of John Knox and more or less connected with Protestant Christian churches. The followers of Christ have a great George Fox. May it be so today. * responsibility before them.

SOCIAL PROBLEMS IN HOME MISSIONS Professor Arthur Raper, of Atlanta, called at- tention at Baltimore to the "Present-day Trends In North America, with all of its great re- Toward Peasantry." F.armers and farming form the material basis for American prosperity and sources, its history and its opportunities, there are yet, with the increase of manufactures, the lack of conservation and growing soil depletion, many still millions of people who have no real knowledge farming and grazing districts-in New England, the South and the Middlewest-are engaged in a of God and His wise and .loving will for men. continual struggle with poverty. The demands for shorter hours, higher wages and regulated prices With all our wealth there are multitudes who live are causing increasing confusion and conflict. Not lack of opportunity but selfishness, in both in dire poverty-like the people in city slums, the capital and labor, lies at the root of the difficulty. With the increase of social security legislation and Negroes in black belts of the South, the moun- dependence on the Government for support, the independence, initiative and moral stamina of intaineers and sharecroppers in the South and West, dividuals are decreasing.

the miners, fisher-folk and lumber-jacks. In spite These social and economic trends strongly affect the Church, especially in rural districts. Dr. Will of our great public school system, multitudes are W. Alexander, Administrator of Farm Security for the Government, said: "You may not have still ignorant and uneducated. The evidences of realized that the present spiritual decline has gone hand in hand with the decline in the material welwidespread corruption, industrial conflict, greed, fare of a large part of our rural population. . . . The Church is failing to meet the religious. needs selfishness and sin crowd our newspapers and con- of the people because it has made little effort to meet their social and economic needs." Unsettled gest our courts. . or migrant laborers and farm-tenants, or insecure industrial workers, do not make good church mem- No Christian can be indifferent to the socIal bers. We are told that "one-third of the tenant families in America move on to new fields every trends of the world in which he lives; all moral, year." Such people cannot be expected to take much active interest in their community, churches, economic, political and social problems are di- schools, Government or even in establishing good homes. rectly related to God and His laws, and affect the The Christian forces in America must take a individual, the Church and the community. It is, real interest in these problems and must seek ways, not only to build up the moral and spiritual therefore in keeping with the purpose and plan character and life of the people in every commu- nity, but we must help to solve these problems of of Home'Mission work, to study and discuss the poverty, lack of education and social instability. Good economic and spiritual results were reported present-day social trends and to seek ways in from the development of cooperatives in Nova Scotia and in other districts where they have been which present-day weaknesses and evils may be established among underprivileged classes.

corrected so that all life may be brought into har- Home Mission fields and problems are changing in many ways. The Church, like the individual, mony with the Will of God as revealed in the Bible needs life from God, abundant spiritual life, and Christian forces need to work together sacrificially and in accord with the spirit and teachings of in order to serve each group and locality, in the midst of difficult and constantly changing con- Jesus Christ. ditions. That is a work in which Home Mission agencies. are engaged as representatives of the The recent Home Missions Conference in Balti- Church of Jesus Christ.

more (January 7-10) studied these disturbing so- cial trends and sought the remedy. Dr. Arthur E.

Holt of Chicago, said: "Something awful has hap;ened to Christendom. The industrial depres- sion, political turmoil and social decadence are evidence of spiritual disease. Nothing less than a moral revolution can save democracy." This is true but it is also true that there must be an entire change of front toward God and toward His Son Jesus Christ; a spiritual revolution is necessary to save the nation, the school, the home, the Church and the individual.

America has acquired strength by reason of God's gracious provision in natural resources~ ~nd in the past has developed power by recogmzmg God and putting Him first in national life and in the home and the school. Today the Church of Christ is weakened by neglect; the Bible is ignored in public life, and Christ Himself is widely re- jected as the Saviour and Lord of Life. But there is hope in the fact that there are still multitudes who have not "bowed the knee to Baal." There • The American Committee for Christian German Refugees Is headed by James M. Speers and the office is at 287 Fourth Ave., New York.

Vision and Power at

A New Contribution to the Twenty-ninth Chapter of The Acts t~··- _.•..gf I By PAUL W. HARRISON, M.D., Muscat, Arabia I ~==========================~I W HEN the Apostolic Church met a crisis or ful Church of the West, especially the Church of faced an opportunity, it held a prayer North America, was represented largely by mis- meeting. A. C. Dixon used to tell us that, sionaries and Board secretaries, because the name but it is not the whole truth. Those meetings were and sentiment of a "missionary" conference had for conference as well as for prayer. The men been inherited from the past.

and women who made up the Church of those But we thanked God with great earnestness, days, laid their needs before God. They listened for the guidance which His Spirit had given in the to the teaching of the Holy Spirit, and in the light selection of delegates. from the different countries of His guidance, they sought strength and laid where the Church has not been so long established.

plans for the future. The capacity and penetration, the depth and con- The Apostolic Church of 1938 has recently held secration, of the whole Church of Christ were such a meeting. In the days of Peter and James there, and it was the privilege of a lifetime to and John, when the Church was in Jerusalem, it meet that group of four hundred and seventy men was easy for them to pray together, and think to- and women.

gether, and place their souls on the altar of con- Scattered through the group were some of the secration together. The Holy Spirit dealt with giants. of our time. These included Kagawa with the Church as a unit. It was one Church. his delightfully mutilated English, his tremen- But now the Gospel has spread through all the dously important cooperatives, and his five-year world, just as Christ said it would. The Church Evangelistic campaign, which has been used to is at home in almost every land and as a result, revive the whole Japanese Church; and Laubach there are now great difficulties in holding a meet- with his vision of a literate world, a vision which ing of the whole Church for prayer and consulta- under the touch of his extraordinary genius is be- tion and guidance. Men from every nation under ing objectified into literal reality; Stanley Jones Heaven, speaking many languages, must gather with his intense evangelistic soul fired by the vitogether. A few must represent very many, for sion of Christ coming back to rule in men's intel- there are six million Christians in India alone, and lects; Constance Padwick of Egypt who carries in a meeting of this sort, if it is to be a real unit for her face and in her voice, as well as in her soul, prayer must be a group of hundreds, rather than a vision of beauty and poise and harmony brought thousands. into the service of Our Lord, in worship and lit- Through those meetings of the early Church, erature and life. No one left Tambaram Con- God poured out His Divine power, and the mes- ference without a new realization of what God sage of the Gospel, given in the power of the can do in and through imperfect human beings, Spirit, was invincible. The world and the flesh granted only that He is afforded full opportunity.

and the devil together were not able to stop it. But very little time was spent in admiring the And so today the Church of many lands has dele- giants. They were simply members and repre- gated representatives to meet together again, to sentatives of the great universal Church, gathpray and listen, to confer and plan. The difficul- ered to pray and take counsel together and to ties were great, and some were not entirely over- gain a vision of God's will for His work in the come. The essential unity of the Church is badly days to come. To confer with that group was to broken on the surface, by sectarian divisions, serve on one's knees in humility, for it represented most of which are not very important, by differ- the very Church of God in her power and loveliences in theological outlook which are far deeper, ness. Here we caught the inspiration of God's and by subtle feelings of superiority on the part own visions for the future, and His wisdom for the of the stronger Western churches over the weaker present. Here, as we knelt together before God Eastern churches, which constitute the deepest and labored in comradespip with each other, we rift of all. For such a meeting, the selection of felt the mind of God directing us, and heard His the few to represent the many, requires great voice speaking to our souls. delicacy of judgment. Unfortunately, the power- The company was divided into sections to con- [119 ]

sider problems that press upon the Church from enemy of God had indeed come in like a flood. every side. Each section consisted of fifty or sixty When were the clouds over the world so dark as delegates, and a week of intense discussion and now? We saw the tiny Church in Turkestan torn study was given to sixteen different topics. to pieces as by a wild beast and scattered to the four winds. We saw the superb Church in Korea Section 1: "The Faith by which the Church pressed down under the heel of a hostile militaris- Lives." tic government. The Koreans' were the only vacant chairs in that great company. Shadows have been Section 2: "The Church, Its Nature and Func- growing darker over the Church in Japan and tion." Germany and over the whole Moslem Near East. Totalitarian Nationalism, like an epidemic of in- Section 3: "The Unfinished Evangelistic Task." sanity, grows constantly more and more menacing.

Each section included representatives from the But this dark background did not fill our horidifferent areas, about fifty per cent being na- zon. It was dwarfed by a vision which developed tionals, and fifty per cent missionaries and Board as the Conference progressed, and that stood besecretaries. Various points of view were repre- fore us at the end as evidence of the very power sented by men of experience, power and depth, and wisdom of God. It is not easy to put on paper but all alike were intense evangelists. and the dis- the tremendous thrill that took possession of our cuss{ons were carried on in a beautiful spirit. In souls as the mists cleared away and as we came no discussion did I hear any word which, either in to see the Universal Church, which is now at content or in emphasis, was to be regretted. After home in almost every land, and was represented four days of this intense study, a drafting com- by such a group of men and women to serve bemittee spent a more or less sleepless night embody- fore the Throne of God. The giants were there, ing the- discussions in a preliminary statement. but they were simply members of this great group This was presented the following day for the sec- which was nothing less than The Church of the tion to revise and amend, and was then drawn up Living God, gathered to pray and listen together into a more final form. After two weeks of this and to plan for a future which should be greater hard work the sixteen reports were presented to than any past. The caliber and vision and touch the main body of delegates and, after being fur- with God, which we saw in these men and women ther modified, were adopted as the Conference from China and from Africa, from Samoa, and findings. from South America, dwarfed everything human that we had known; we all saw the great Church We made one serious mistake here: we talked Universal, to some little degree as Christ Himself too much, and prayed too little. There was sees it, "the riches of the glory of His inheritance scarcely time to eat and sleep; it seems to me that in the saints." we did not meditate and listen to God as much as He would have preferred. But God is merciful; But it was not the Church merely which filled He has worked many times through men who our hearts with joy and confidence in the face of made mistakes and He did not withdraw His bless- the black clouds which covered the sky.. The ing because of this one. The prayers of many of Church by herself, even the Church Universal, His people were focused on that great company, with a frontierless comradeship that made us and our imperfect efforts, He sanctified with His think of Heaven, is still a human organization. overwhelming blessing. God does not demand He would be a rash devotee who reckoned her that we be wise, and that is well for we are often strength adequate to meet the enemies which opvery foolish. Without doubt we might have pose her, and to accomplish the impossible tasks brought to Christ's feet a much more beautiful which loom ahead. But at Tambaram God did not and fragrant and suitable offering, if the listening show us an empty-handed Church. We saw the ear had more often replaced the wagging tongue. Body of Christ with the eternal Gospel to pro- But our offering, however imperfect, was pre- claim. If one were asked for the central vision sented with clean hands and a pure heart, and and insight of Tambaram, I think that it would be with a degree of love and consecration to our Di- this, a vision of the omnipotent adequacy of the vine Lord which none of us may see again until Gospel. We did not see the Gospel apart from the we sit at Christ's feet in the world to come. There Church or any Church apart from the Gospel. was a unity of mind and spirit, a brotherly love What we saw was the Church of Christ, with and confidence and comradeship, which some of God's Good News in her hand, a magnificent, us had not thought attainable by imperfect human omnipotent Church of the Living God which could beings. look out on the dark developments of man's sin, with pity and love, in the light of that vision, Mountains of valuable information were gath- every opposing thing was like a small child's toy. ered for the Conference and were there to be di- devoid of all power and permanence. gested; multitudes of splendidly thought-out plans were presented for us to study. We saw, with a vividness that was terrible, that the arch-

THE VISION AND POWER AT MADRAS

SCENES AT THE MADRAS MISSIONARY CONFERENCE 1. The African Delegation at Tambaram 2. The Main Building, Madras Christian College 3. WILSON INIA, Delegate from Fiji 4. C. F. ANDREWS, of India 5. TOYOHIKO KAGAWA, of Japan 6. Bishop of Winchester In a Group Conference • 7. Part of the Missionary Conference In Session

There were outstanding results from this. The The call went out for more mlSSlOnaries. Conference knew one thing and only one: It was Doubtless there will be less place than before for centered on evangelism. Many other things were institutional mission enterprises. The Governmentioned, and were discussed, and well thought ments of the world intend to do their own educaout programs. were presented. There were discus- tional and medical work. But with a unanimous sions on education, and on medical work, and on voice the different "National" groups asked, not rural programs. But these were in the periphery for fewer missionaries, but for more. In the light of thought and attention, and were reckoned of Heaven all races are of the same color. valuable only as they contributed to the program of evangelism. That program was centered, not At Tambaram it was not difficult to believe in in missionaries nor in missionary organizations., the power of God. In the love and comradeship but always and everywhere in Christ and His between the Japanese and Chinese delegates. we Church. Missionaries are simply the contribution saw God's love and power defeating the evil effects made by a more strongly established section of the of human·sin. In.the superb Church growing up Church to a weaker or newer section. And the into power in Africa we saw God redeeming a call that went out was for a campaign of evan- whole race. The Church poured her human regelism to include every church everywhere, each sources into that Conference. Financial sacrifice in its own field first of all, and each sending out was there, and human wisdom, but it was the evangelists to the ends of the earth, wherever vision that came down from God out of Heaven, needs are great and spiritual darkness is still in- which made the Conference great. May the vision tense. Afghanistan was seen as primarily the re- of the divine power and beauty of the Gospel, and sponsibility of the Church in India, and Tibet of the omnipotence of the Church with the Gospel in the Church in China. her h~ds, lead us, like a pillar of fire, through all the days to come.

Foreign Missions Tomorrow * Extracts from Addresses and Discussions at the Madras Missionary Conference FAITHFOR A TIME OF CRISIS of our churches had, during the past two or three OPENING ADDRESS BY DR. JOHN R. MOTT decades, done all that we might have done to avert the present distress, then we might be pessimistic. Chairman of the International Missionary Council But with a sense of humiliation and contrition, We come from over seventy different nations or recognizing that none of our churches has done separate areas of the world. Thus we constitute a tithe of what we might have done to prevent the most widely representative. meeting of the theSe threatened disasters, then we are bound to World Mission of the Christian faith ever held, believe that better things are possible. We who and yet we are impressed by the great and blessed have gathered here know Whom we have believed. We well know that nothing has happened in these fact of our oneness in Christ. This is one of the most fateful moments in the recent difficult years which invalidates the claims life of mankind. Not in our lifetime, if· at any of Jesus Christ. Each one of us can say with St. time, have so many peoples been bearing sllch im- Paul in an hour of grave difficulty, "Be of good possible burdens, or undergoing such persecution cheer, for I believe God." We rest solidly on two and suffering. It seems that never has there been stupendous claims of Christ: "I am the Way, the a time when the world was so rent by interna- Truth, and the Life," and "I, if I be lifted up, will tional misunderstandings" bitterness and strife? draw all men unto Me." When have we been called upon to witness such Many have asked, "Why, in view of the present startling relaxing of traditions, sacred sanctions, state of the world, with its abounding troubles, and established law and order? When .has the hardship and depression, are so many Christian very atmosphere across the world been so sur- . leaders caned together, at such expense in money and in precious time, from many corners of charged with suspicion, fear and uncertainty? But we do not come together in despair, seeing earth?" The answer is, "Precisely because we are only the dark background. If we beHeved that all in a time of unexampled and baffling difficulties and confusion; in this time of so many unan- • From notes supplied by W. W. Reid. swered questions of central importance, it has

FOREIGN MISSIONS TOMORROW

been deemed absolutely necessary that such a ized by reverence f'0r religion. And where is there world-wide consultation he held. We must think a people more warm-hearted, more gentle, more out large questions of policy, and the adaptation courte'0us, more peace-loving? Here Christianity of methods to meet new world conditions; this ranks as one of four or five of the oldest of many cannot be done by the churches and missionary faiths; for here the ancient Syrian Church is societies separately. This International Mission- identified with much of the best in Indian life. ary Council is the body which comes together for Moreover in India is to be found a larger memunited thinking, planning and action, and weaves bership in the younger mission-founded churches together the various National Christian Councils than in any '0ther land. throughout the world. In India, too, we are in the presence of one of There have recently been held a great succes- the greatest areas of poverty, '0f human need and sion of world-wide Christian assemblies: the suffering, and of burden-bearing in all the world. World Conference on Life and Work at Oxford "Bear ye one another's burdens and S'0 fulfil the and the World Conference on Faith and Order at law of Ghrist!" What is most important for all Edinburgh, followed by the meeting to form a is the fact that India today presents, the world's World Council of Churches; there is also to be most instructive laboratory of Christian experiheld at Amsterdam next summer the conference ence, method and adventure. G'0d grant us the of the Christian Youth Movements of the world. humility, and the thirst and purpose to learn, that While these meetings were planned without col- we may discover much that will guide and inspire lusion they reveal the fact that all our major us. problems can be met best, in a world context, and with a world-wide desire to draw together in fel- (3) When has a conference '0f Christian leaders lowship and action. This World Mission Confer- assembled at such a m'0ment? This meeting was ence is by fa'r the most important in this series, projected three '0r four years ago with the thought because it is the first one which brings together that it would be held at Hangchow, China. The on a parity the representatives of the older events of recent months made it necessary to churches of Europe, North America and Austra- transfer the meeting to India. In these three lasia, and the younger churches of Asia, Africa; years, what seemingly imp'0ssible events have Latin America, and the Pacific Islands. The elapsed in the Far East: the transformations and World Mission of the Christian faith is the great- alarming developments in the Near East, notably est and the most important of the world move- Palestine, the land of our Saviour; the experiments of our time. It calls for the best thinking ences in Africa, in particular in Ethiopia, events and planning and the most courageous and united which have caused the Christian conscience of the action of which men are capable. world to tremble; the unbelievable '0ccurrences of the recent m'0nths in Europe; and the marvelous It would be difficult to overstate the possibilities developments '0f the last three years in India. I of this world-wide mission conference: venture to say that never has a world Christian gathering assembled at a time when simultane- (1) We recognize no limitation to our central ously, in so many parts of the world, has there objective. It reminds one of the ambition of St. been so great need of its high offices. Paul to "present every man perfect in Christ": "every man"-no limit extensively, "perfect"- (4) We realize the boundless possibilities as we no limit intensively, "in Christ"-no limit dynami- think of the challenges which come to us both cally. Our immediate objective is to arrive at a from the world ab'0ut us and from within the common mind as to God's will concerning the next churches themselves. Looking outside our steps which should be taken to build up the Church churches we are profoundly c'0ncerned as we witand to spread the knowledge of Christ. The ness: primitive races being brought suddenly into Chul1ch is the Divine Society founded by Christ vi'0lent contact with more complex civilizati'0n; to accomplish His will in the world. It is a wor- the breakdown of ancient and honored traditions shipping Society, a witnessing Society, a trans- and of highly valued institutions, also of solemn forming Society-the veritable Body of Christ. agreements and established law and order; the widespread disintegration of moral ideals and au- (2) We are privileged to meet in this fasci- thority; the inauguration of what someone has nating land where we witness so much of the characterized as "an era of god makers"; rival beauty, the grandeur and the majesty of the work challenges to the allegiance of men being-presented of God in nature, and some of the most impressive literally across the world, and, therefore, new atand surpassing works of man; in this ancient tacks on the Christian faith; the necessity of land, with great traditions; in this land of so fighting the battle of religious liberty over again. many varied peoples and tongues-the home of one-fifth of the human race; in this land which The fact that, in the West as well as in the East, is the home of great religions and cultures. Here the Christian message today is confr'0nted by a n'0n-Christian w'0rld. in India we find '0urselves among people character-

Looking to the churches themselves, we are also THE TRUE MISSION OF THE CHURCH confronted wi,th grave perils and inspiring challenges, such as the great continuing problem in THE RT. REV. V. S. AZARIAH the upbuilding and maintenance of the younger churches as a part of the world-wide Christian Bishop of Dornakal fellowship; Here and there are perils of halfconverted churches. There is grave danger lest A Hindu seeker after truth told me this, story Christianity become diluted or adulterated by in- of his experience: He had read the Gospels, and filtration of superstition and sub·Ohristian con- had been fascinated by the life of Christ, and ception of God. There are also ideas and attitudes greatly stirred by the death of Christ. Then he which are tending to cut the roots of the mission- read on into the Book of Acts and felt that he had ary undertaking because they cut the roots of entered into a new world. The Gospels told of Christianity itself. There is need of real thinking Jesus, His works, and His suffering. In the Acts, and sacrificial action with reference to the de· the Christ seems to go into the background, and velopment of a sound economic basis for the it is the multitude, the brethren, the church, the churches. The hour has come to sound out a disciples that take the place of Christ. What the strong recall to evangelism-the larger evangel- disciples did, and thought, and taught had taken ism. This is basic to all that we have most at the place that Christ had occupied; the Church heart. Then there is the problem of Christian continued where Jesus left off at his death. unity, and the fulfilling of the vision, a World "Therefore," this man said, "I must belong to the Council of Churches. The younger churches must Church that carries on the life of Christ." have a part in the realization of this vision. Do the churches realize that they exist to carry (5) We cannot here permit ourselves to think on what Jesus Christ came to do? The Church of limitations in the realm of our resources. exists to proclaim the revelation of God's love, to Think of the numbers of the Christian host, in proclaim redemption from sin. Every member contrast with those of earlier centuries and of of the Church is expected to go forward, continuearlier decades; think of the power of organiza- ing what Christ came to do. tion at our disposal and the means of distributing our forces most advantageously; think of the In baptism, we dedicate a man, a woman, or a wide range of knowledge and of costly experience child as a faithful servant of Christ to life's end. which has been accumulated throughout the his- Every person baptized should be a witness, othertory of the expansion of Christianity; think of wise he denies Christ. "Every Christian a witthe valuable heritage of all our Christian com- ness" is a slogan of our efforts at evangelism. We munions, large and small, notably in sacrifice; have been getting little groups of Christians tothink of that priceless asset, the momentum of gether and training them to go about and answer progress and victory in so many fields. the simple questions of Indian villagers. One was asked by a villager, "Have you seen God?" His With a deepening sense of humiliation and of answer was, "Sirs, you knew me two years ago. set purpose to bring forth fruits meet for repent- I was a drunkard. You know me now. I do not ance, let us dwell on our unused resources. How think I should have had all this change if I had comparatively unused in all our churches and in not seen Jesus Christ." There is no better anall our countries are the capacities of heart power, swer, and no better way of witnessing for God. of thought power, of statesmanship, of unselfishness, of saintliness, of adventure, of heroism, of Often we find that people learn most, not from sacrifice, of fellowship and unity. The only limi- intellectual discussions but from the things that tation in the possibilities seem to be in ourselves. they see and that go straigiht to their hearts. Illiterate men often teach me how to answer the When the whole world seems to be overshad- objections that men make to the Christian faith. owed by ,fear, it is important that we Christians A Hindu said to an illiterate man: "It is nonsense should remember that we have been called to a to believe that anyone can rise from the dead." great confidence in God and a great hope, remem- The man's reply was, "When we bury rice in the bering that illuminating and wonderful word of field and it dies, a crop rises up to feed us. Surely our Saviour: "In the world ye have tribulation. if God plants a life, He can raise it again." Be of go09 cheer; I have overcome the world." In the early church it was the laymen who In view of the alarming Istate of the world, in spread the Gospel of Christ. Christianity spread view of the so largely unfinished task, in view of from slave to slave, from soldier to soldier, from the great designs of our ever-living and therefore artisan to artisan. Every convert talked to the ever-creative Lord, our attitude and spirit should men of his own group. It is our duty to persuade be adventurous, forward-looking and forward- every person who iaa Christian to go out as a moving. witness for Christ. The sharing of experience with others adds to our joy and to our own Chris- tian experience. Let men stand somewhere as

Christians; let them just face a non-Christian But now, in the twentieth century, because we sit crowd; someone else may do the preaching, and others may do the singing; but the experience of in darkness and depression after the breakdown simply standing for Christ will lead people to bow their knees before Christ. accompanying the great European war and the I used to go among the churches and have the following economic difficulties, we have come to baptized members place their hands on their own heads and repeat after me: "I am a baptized understand more of the meaning of redemption. Christian. Woe unto me if I preach not the Gospel !" Jesus showed redeeming love from the start of His Not only the individual but the group must wit- public ministry. Even when He was preaching ness for Christ. When six men of caste came and asked for baptism, I asked them why they wanted the most wonderful sermon on the Mount He had to be baptized. They replied that they had been watching the outcastes in a certain village church, a vision of the Cross. And also when He was and had seen that since they became Christians they were getting ahead of the caste people. happy with his disciples in Galilee, He was con- "They will be better than we are if we do not become Christians," they said. scious of the bridegroom's. destiny to be taken That very day the pastor of that village church away from them. He told them that the experihad been complaining to me of the sins among some members of that very congregation. So I ence of the prophet Jonah would be His own. said to these church members that the church was not perfect. To which they replied, "Yes, there Especially after the death of John the Baptist, are black sheep in every flock. But we know what they were ten years ago and what they are now." Jesus emphatically spoke about His coming death There are outstanding men in all religions, such and resurrection. And at last He informed His as Francis Assisi and Mahatma Gandhi, but it is when the common man is changed that people see disciples that His death was for the redemption the power of Christ. That is what is influencing Indian people to become Christians in the mass of many. movements. This inner consciousness of Jesus Christ was It is the Church's duty to concentrate its energies to do the work of Ghrist-not merely to wor- too deep for His disciples to understand. And ship, but to continue to do Christ's work with help and strength that we receive in worship. Too even today, many people cannot understand this much of the energies. of ministers and of churches is being spent in taking care of hereditary Chris- mystery. tians. The Church exists not to save itself but to save others. When a girl is still young she cannot understand THE MEANING OF THE CROSS the psychology of another person. When she DR. TOYOHIKO KAGAWA OF JAPAN grows older she understands the psychology of her On Calvary I see the blood of Jesus Christ drop- husband, and she understands the child's psycholping down from His body on the Cross! I hear the sound of the agony of the Lamb of God for the ogy when she has a baby. So with us. Unless we sins of mankind! It was for me and for my nation and for my race and for the whole world! I have a wider and deeper consciousness it is imhave committed sins and Jesus died for my sake! My race has committed sins ,and He died for my possible to understand the Ghrist's redemption of race. The whole of mankind had fallen into sin, so He died for us all. sinners.

Forgive us, Lord, for the sake of the blood of Jesus having the fine consciousness of God's law Jesus Christ, our Redeemer and Saviour. and divine character could feel that He must die In the nineteenth century some theologians could not understand the wonderful revelation of for sinners. God's justice demanded it and men redemption because they were overshadowed by the amazing development of science and industry. needed to be redeemed from the penalty of broken law.

Some people ask, "If God is love, what is the need for redemption?" We must understand that God is just as well as loving. If He allowed man- kind to remain in sin, God could not truly be love.

There is the need of regeneration and redemption.

When we are saved and made perfect in Jesus Christ we are released from the penalty of sin.

When we study the physical function of blood, we discover how wonderfully the blood is used to heal the diseased body. It gives its life to cure wounds and heal the sicknesses. So the love of Jesus Christ was so great that He gave His very life blood for sinners. This mystery is so great that we cannot wholly understand it. Dr. Adolf Harnack would not understand the inner con- sciousness of Jesus Ghrist, and he thought that there were two Christianities, that of Jesus and that of Paul. Many disciples have written about this redeeming love of Christ, some attempting to set forth the vicarious suffering of Jesus Christ, and others writing about the high-priesthood of JesuL I Redemption pertains to every phase of life: the restoration to life of those dead in sin; suffering

for the weak to give aid to enfeebled strength; truth of rebirth. Isaiah, the prophet, taught this as necessary to pay the prke of sin; as ,a grain of truth many centuries before Christ; and it was wheat dying in order to produce fruit; His death fulfilled in the death of Jesus Christ. This re- was the offering of the Lamb of God for man's sin; deeming love was the revelation of God. If we through His death comes justification, or the for- say only that we trust in God as the Creator and giveness of sins by the declaration of the satis- Ruler but do not believe in His love toward us, faction of God's justice; His death was the atone- then human society cannot see the light and way ment by which God is reconciled to mankind of Life in Christ.

through the mediation of Jesus Christ. Paul said: "Weare ambassadors for Christ, as The rituals of the temple in Jewish history were though God did beseech you by us, we pray you in merely the symbols of the coming redemption Christ's stead be ye reconciled to God" (2' Cor.

through Christ. 5 : 20) . What he said also in Colossians 1: 2'4 Every religion has made an ,attempt to discover and Philippians 1: 29 needs attention. Paul tried this way of redemption from darkness and suffer- to pass on to others the truth about the redeeming ing and sin. We have the fountain head in Jesus love of Christ. This is the real life in Christ.

Christ. When we are saved, we must pass on the reveia- Confucius did not know the secret of this mys- tion of the wonderful love of Christ to others.

tery. Buddha had not this redemptive message; This is the Kingdom of God movement.

nor had Mohammed or any other religious leader. The price for man's redemption having been It was only made real in Christ. paid, we must show the value of salvation to our neighbors; on the contrary how many of us com- There was a young couple in the city of Tokyo. mit sin and bring discredit on Christ. Since He The husband committed a crime and, trying to be died for us, we ought to be willing to die for merciful to his wife, he wrote a note to divorce Christ's sake. her. But his wife had attended a Christian Sunday school when she was young and when she received the note of divorce from her husband, she instantly remembered what she had learned about Jesus Christ-how He had died for sinners and MY MISSIONARY DAY how God has forgiven the sins of those who accepted Him. So, she said to her husband that she Oh there's blue and there's gray would not forsake him, having learned forgiveness In my missionary day. from Jesus Christ. But since she had become un- The sunshine and the shadows both His love and power display.

certain about the truth, she came to me to verify I see His gentle hand at work upon some burdened heart, the truth that Jesus had really died for sinners. And praise Him that in such a task He lets me have a part. She accepted the redemption of sins through the There is joy in every mornin~ and the night cannot dismay Blood of Jesus Christ and she and her husband were both saved. If I close beside Him stay Through my missionary day.

A weH educated young man in the Province of Yes, there's mire and there's clay Chiba had a brother in a college who lived in a In my missionary day, licentious way and began to steal from others in And I sometimes faint and falter in the muck beside the order to frequent evil resorts. This educated man way. So sad the cries of suffering, of sorrow and of sin, determined to kill his brother; but about this time I scarce can hear the sweetness of the still small voice within. he found at a secondhand store a book from which But the Lord has lit my candle and the comfort of its ray he discovered that Jesus died for sinners. He could not sleep that night because he did not know Shines golden through the gray why Jesus had done this. Later, discovering that Of my missionary day.

Jesus was a revelation of God, the Heavenly Fa- Lord, teach me to pray ther, he found that he also could love his own sin- Through my missionary day, ful brother. He believed in Christ and was bap- That I may love and guide aright Thy children gone tized; later he opened his house for a Christian astray, Sunday school. I shall not be discouraged, nor be lonely on the trail, If Thou Thyself walk with me on the mount and through Redemption through Jesus Christ is the means the vale. of remaking mankind. Recent developments in Thy lost ones may be found for Thee if I Thy voice obey. the world of physics and astronomy have begun to teach us truth about the creation of the uni- Oh, lead Thou the way Through my missionary day.

-Lois Johnson McNeill, in "Drum Call"

verse. But laws of moralIty do not teach us the (West Africa).

Recommendations From

A few paragraphs from the "Find:ngs" passed at Tambaram, Madras, by the International Missionary Council. Some of the phrasing may be changed in the final form of these affirmations. These are quoted from "Dnyanodaya," published in Poona, India, January 5, 1939. – EDITOR.

Jesus Christ and Non-Christian Religions Universal. They have their place in the great Christian brotherhood of all ages and races. But CONCERNING the faith by which the Church they should also be rooted in the soil of their own lives the Conference declares: "Our mes- country. Therefore we strongly affirm that the sage is that God was in Christ reconciling Gospel should be expressed and interpreted in inthe world unto Himself. We believe that God re- digenous forms, and that in methods of worship, vealed Himself to Israel, preparing the way for institutions, architecture, etc., the spiritual herit- His full revelation in Jesus Christ, His Son, our age of the nation and country should be taken into Lord. We believe that Christ is the Way for all, use. The Gospel is not necessarily bound up with that He alone is adequate for the world's need. forms and methods brought in from the older Therefore we want to bear witness to Him in all churches. The endeavor to give Christ His rightthe world. There are many non-Christian reli- ful place in the heart of people who have not pregions that claim the allegiance of large multitudes. viously known Him so that He will neither be a We recognize that in them are to be found values foreigner, nor be distorted by pre-Christian patof deep religious experiences and great moral terns of thought, is a great .and exacting spiritual achievements. Yet we are bold enough to call task in the fulfilling of which a young church can men out from them to the feet of Christ, because bring a rich contribution of her own to the Church we believe that in Him alone is the full salvation Universal! which man needs. Mankind has seen nothing to be compared with the redeeming love of God in The Call to Evangelism the life and death and resurrection of Christ. What He is for us, Judge and Redeemer, Friend "The Church's message to the world is the Lord and Teacher, Brother and Lord, we long to see Jesus Christ Himself in all His manifold grace and Him become also for others. . . . Christ is revo- power. It is the work of evangelism so to exalt lutionary; He brings conversion and regeneration and proclaim Him, crucified, risen and glorified, when we meet Him, from whatever point we may that men may awaken to God, and to a sense of have started. Paul said: 'What things were gain their sin and separation from God, may be led to me, those I counted loss for Christ.' to true repentance and to that act of will whereby they believe in and receive the forgiveness of their sins through Christ and enter upon a new life of Christ and People of Other Faiths trust and obedience towards God and of abound- ing hope for this world and that which is to come. "Three consequences of this view of the reli- For its maintenance and expression, this new life gious life of mankind may here be mentioned. involves membership of the Christian fellows.hip, First, it implies that witnesses for Christ must so that he who has thus received the grace and have a deep and sincere interest in the religious forgiveness of God, at the same time must enter life of those among whom they are sent, for the outward society of fellow-believers and in his Christ's sake and for the sake of those peo- turn become a witness to the truth. Evangelism, pIe. . . . while it involves the interaction of human beings "Second, this interest in the religious heritage of on one another, is very diff·erent from attempts to nations must not lead us to assume, as has some- dominate or invade the personalities of others. times been suggested, that the Scriptures of these It is a work whose end can never be attained by religions could take the place of the Old Testa- weak human instruments unless the Holy Spirit ment as introductions to the Christian Gospel. The Himself works previously in them and through Old Testament was the Bible of Jesus to which He them. Essentially the Church is the instrument constantly referred, and gives an indispensable whereby the living God, through His Holy Spirit, background to the Gospel by showing the early makes His impact upon the spirits of men. The stages of God's preparation for sending our Lord. Gospel of Christ carries with it the promise of "Third, when churches grow up in the environ- social transformation and of the realization of ment of non-Christian religions and cultures, it is such ends as justice, freedom and peace. A living necessary that they should get firmly rooted in the Church cannot dissociate itself from prophetic and Christian heritage and fellowship of the Church pra.ctical activities in regard to social conditions.

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True evangelism will always include a forward- the churches require a restatement of the function looking vision. and training of the future missionary. We are The Danger of Compromise driven to make the following major emphases. The maj or functions of the missionary in the next "The Council is not unmindful of the faults and decade may be stated as follows: mistakes which have crept into some of the evan- "(1) To be a colleague and friendly helper in gelistic work of the churches and missions and the upbuilding of the life of the younger churches: that have proved obstacles to the spread of the "(a) By enriching their spiritual life, especially Gospel of Christ and to its genuine acceptance by through Bible teaching, evangelistic work and de- many. In pra'Ctical matters of leadership, or- velopment of means to cultivate and discipline the ganization and finance, Western methods have not spiritual life.

always been adapted to suit the fundamental char- " (b) By helping to train leaders for the varied acteristics of Eastern peoples; they have pro- ministry of the churches.

duced superficial results into which the creative "(c) By special service in medical and educa- work of the Holy Spirit entered only a little. tional work, and social reconstruotion programs There is the danger of seeking to extend the in rural and industrialized areas.

Church numerically without due regard to the full "(d) By fostering the concern within the meaning and purpose of evangelism as the Council churches for the expansion of Christianity into understand it. The Church undergoes temptations unoccupied areas.

to obscure its witness by compromise when faced " (e) By standing against the tide of modern by the problems of relations with governments, secularistic civilization when it invades the life friendly or hostile. of the churches.

"Personal and social habits and practices, which "(2) To witness against all the varied forms of are matters of indifference in one part of the secularized and materialistic life in the society in Church, may be a cause of offence in another, and which he lives, particularly that which derives therefore a hindrance to evangelism; the Council from his own country.

commend for universal acceptance the principles "(3) To embody and communicate the experi- contained in 1 Corinthians 10. In many countries, ence of the Universal Church. He will need fa- denominational differences., and the deep racial miliarity with worship experiences other than divisions within the churches themselves, obscure those of his own Church. He will need to keep in the Church's witness to the Gospel and paralyze touch with the ancient Church and with the de- their efforts to win men for Christ. Beyond all velopment of the world Christian fellowship as a these, there are great obstacles and difficulties in- unity. There is also need for men and women herent in the aim and character of the work itself who embody this spirit and experience in large and in the situation of those to whom the Gospel measure to be made available for limited periods is addressed. The International Missionary Coun- to the service of the whole Church, or the churches cil is of the opinion that these, and many other ob- of a particular area.

stacles to the spread of the Gospel,can be " (4) To help build bridges of understanding overcome fully only in so far as the churches and and cooperation between classes, races and na- their members confront more resolutely the rad- tions, and thus assist the peaceful development ical weakness in their own life which enfeebles and adjustment of their relationships in an or- their power to lighten the spiritual darkness of dered society.

our time and to lead men out of their present be- "(5) To carry the Christian Gospel into the wilderment. The Church as a whole must redis- many areas where Christianity is now unknown, cover the living power of the faith it confesses, or where no churches exist. the very Word of God to our day speaking in and through the Bible it cherishes, and the inward A Christian Rural Civilization peace and constraint that come from the Cross "The past decade has given us the ideal of a with which the Church is marked. Only so will Christian rural civilization. We need now to see it be renewed and enabled by the Holy Spirit to more clearly the implications of this ideal and to undertake the great task of evangelism in our press on more vigorously towards its realization. time. What are the spiritual and religious values that inhere in the processes of agriculture and in the The Future of the Missionary "The basic call to missionary service remains social and economic relationships of rural life?

what it has always been, the inner compulsion of What is the moral responsibility of those who till Christ giving birth to an irresistible sense of di- the earth to care for it and to pass it on inviolate vine mission; but the present condition of the for the use of succeeding generations? What is world and the present stage of development within the relevance of Christian principles to rural

SOME RECOMMENDATIONS FROM MADRAS

economy and rural social organization? . . . How "During the discussion it became abundantly clear that may the Christian message of God's redeeming love in Christ be best translated into the language the divisions of Christendom are seen in their worst light of rural peoples and speak to their physical, mental, social and spiritual needs? These questions in the mission fields. Instances were cited by the repredemand that Christians everywhere should engage in more earnest study and adventure so that we sentatives of the younger churches of disgraceful commay find and fulfil God's purpose for His children upon the soil. petition, wasteful overlapping, and of groups and indi- Ambassadors of Jesus Christ viduals turned away from the Church because of the di- "Concerning 'Missions of Fellowship' from the visions within. Disunion is both a stumbling block to the mission field to churches in the countries that send missionaries, the following suggestions are faithful and a mockery to those without. We confess with made as to the principles which should govern the visit of a mission from the younger to the older shame that we ourselves have often been the cause of thus churches: bringing dishonor to the religion of our Master. . . . Vis- "(a) They should go as ambassadors of Jesus Christ, never as 'specimens.' ible and organic union must be our goal. This, however, " (b) They should go simply to share their ex- will require an honest study of those things in which the periences of Christ without ulterior motive. churches have differences, a widespread teaching of the " (c) The members should be worthy representatives, intellectually and spiritually, of the Church common church membership in things that make for union which they represent. and venturesome sacrifice on the part of all. Such a union Cooperation and Unity alone will remove the evils arising out of our divisions. "While we are deeply humbled by the lack of unity in the Church, and by serious limitations . . . We appeal with all the fervor we possess, to the even in the practice of cooperation, we nevertheless wish to place on record the fact that the coop- responsible authorities of the older churches, to take this eration thus far achieved has led to a great increase of mutual understanding and trust. . . . matter seriously to heart, to labor with the churches in This unity of spirit has made us realize more fully how gravely our outward divisions are hindering the mission field to achieve this union, to support and enthe extension of the Kingdom of God, and indeed are stultifying our message of the love of God, as courage us in all our efforts to put an end to the scandalous the great reconciling force in a world that desperately needs it. . . . It is our deep and joyous con- effects of our divisions, and to lead us in the path of union, viction that in our advance along this path we have been led by God Himself and that He has put the union for which our Lord prayed, through which the the seal of His blessing on our cooperative service. We therefore urge the continuance and further world would indeed believe in the divine mission of the extension of cooperation in fields and in types of work where it is imperfectly practiced. . . . Son, our Lord Jesus Christ. .

"The following statement has been drawn up "We recommend: (1) That the International by the representatives of the younger churches Missionary Council arrange for studies to be and expresses their unanimous view. We ear- undertaken with a view to securing cooperation nestly commend it to the prayerful consideration in church discipline in regard both to the treatof all the Churches: ment of individual Christians who are under dis- cipline, and to marriage and other customs which are inherent in the social structure of the people. (2) That the organization of cooperative institu- tions be reviewed in light of the principle that the indigenous Church should have an influential share in the control and direction of policy, and in the relation of institutions to the whole Chris- tian enterprise. (3) That a deliberate and sus- tained effort be made by the International Mis- sionary Council and by the National Christian Councils to win the active cooperation of Chris- tian groups that are at present outside our fellow- ship. (4) That National Christian Councils be urged to initiate cooperative planning for the whole Christian enterprise in their respective fields, and that Mission Boards and churches on the field should consult with the National Chris- tian Councils in such matter. (5) That in view of the evident leading of God and the supreme ur- gency of the call for organic union on the part of the younger churches, the older churches take this to heart with the utmost seriousness, in the fields of prayer, thought, and action."

Cordell Hull, Secretary of State, makes this profoundly true observation: "Humanity desperately needs today a moral and spiritual rebirth, a revitalization of religion. There is no sure way to this supreme goal save through adherence to the teachings of the Bible."

A Kashgar Moslem's

-~ I Recorded by MRS. GLENN B. OGDEN, Kasganj, India Js- KASHGAR is a town on the plateau of Cen- edged Christ, came out of the crowd of bystanders tral Asia, north of the Himalaya Mountains and standing beside Joseph said, "I also am a and near the border of Turkestan. Here Christian." Joseph Ryehan was born. He came of good fam- They were marched through streets filled with ily, his mother being a noble woman and his armed soldiers and an excited mob who shouted, father of Jewish and Kashmiri descent. He was "Long live the King; kill the Christians." Arriva learned scholar, an ardent follower of Moham- ing at the Amir's court, the prisoners were lined med, and knew eight languages. The boy was up for judgment. Abel was shot; then beheaded. brought up strictly in the Moslem faith, but, when When Joseph's turn came he was questioned by still a small boy, was sent to the Christian mission the Amir who shook his fist at him, shouting: school conducted by the Swedish Mission. There "You are the very worst of the lot. You shall be Joseph heard the story of Jesus and the cross, and hung on my gallows tomorrow." The gallows. were was deeply impressed, but for a time he seemed to forget it. newly erected in front of the town's chief mosque.

After the boy had spent a year or two in the Dragged off to prison, Joseph was kept in the mission school, his father sent him to a Moslem stocks, his feet just touching the ground and his preparatory school; but Joseph was not satisfied arms bound so tightly at the armpits that he felt with the teaching there. He continued restlessly sure they would never again be of any use. After to explore other religions, even that of the local hours in this situation he was unbound, but a Chinese Buddhists. He went into their temple as heavy iron was put on his feet. He could not sit a "seeker" but found nothing to satisfy his inner down because the prison which had been a Chinese craving. Later he thought himself a Communist. cook-house, was crowded to capacity.

After a time the boy felt the burden of sin to During the niglit the Amir's younger brother be intolerable, and was unable to get relief. Sud- came into the prison followed by a troop of denly one day he saw a vision of three lights. He soldiers. Joseph thought his time had certainly believed that Christ appeared in glorious form. come. In the midst of his pain and half stupor When he came to Him the burden was lifted and came the thought: "My release has come; now Joseph was happy. Memories of the early Chris- I shall be with Jesus." When the question, "Are tian teaching returned. The New Testament, you not afraid of being killed?" was asked him, which before had seemed uninteresting, became a his reply was: "No, I shall go straight to God." living message, and he studied it with delight. The rej oinder was, "Ah, you should be killed. You Later he joined the Swedish Mission church and will certainly be hung tomorrow."

for four years witnessed at Yarkhand where he But he was not executed next day. A strange succession of events, which included much sufferhad been baptized.

One day an Amir appeared in Yarkhand with ing and reviling, left him still alive at the end of a large invading army, carrying all before him. seventy days. and nights, in the stench and filth In their youth this Amir and Joseph had been of that cook-house prison. Then another armed students together. The Amir proclaimed a Mos- force entered Yarkhand, drove out the Amir and lem crusade in the city, ordering that all Chris- released the prisoners. Joseph was immediately tians should be bound and brought to his court for sent by the friendly British Consul out of Kashgar trial. As Joseph was praying with some mis- into India.

sionary ladies who knew of the violent spirit in Since then he has been studying, preparing for the town, they heard a noise outside. As they further work for Christ. He says.: "I want to prayed, soldiers broke in and called Joseph to witness, always witness for Him." This summer, come with them. He was bound and in company for about two months, Joseph Ryehan was a stu- with many others was led through the town. As dent at the Henry Martyn School of Islamics, they were putting him into place in a line a young Landour, North India, and there told his story to man, called Abel, who never before had acknowl- friends.

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Animists in the

A letter from DR HENRY P. VAN DUSEN, written from Rante Pau, Celebes, Netherland East Indies DESPITE its diminutive dimensions on a hewn out of the solid face of rock-cliffs, where the world-map, Celebes is one of the larger and dead, after being kept in their own houses a year more important possessions in the Dutch after death with periodic feasts of an orgiastic Island empire of the East Indies. character and. considerable attendant promiscuity, *** are finally laId away, but with animistic beliefs about their continuing influence in the vivid spirit For almost twelve hours with only a break for the night we had been motoring from Makassar, world. the principal commercial and political center of At last, the road wound down into a river-plain, and we ienntaergerd~sas.t.ycpoivcearledvilcllaegaer.ingBut at the out- skirts, the left, a td the Celebes into the inaccessible mountainous hinterland. Mile after mile the rough road picks its way along the scanty edge of precipitous cliffs, brown steeple lIfted above the trees and the plain round hair-raising bends, up and up, with ever square building below announced itself unmisgrander, wilder jagged peaks on either side. Our ~akably as a Dutch church. It was Sunday mornancient Dodge bumped and swayed, shifting to m~ a~d one o~ two late worshipers were entering, second, then to low, and back again, but pushed shIeldmg theIr heads from the downpour with steadily forward and upward like a wiry kan- large banana leaves, Rante Pau's customary umgaroo. For hours we saw no white face, met no brella. A little farther on, another small white one Who could speak other than Malay and the !;>uilding suggested a hospital. In the doorway Just beyond a young doctor and his wife smiled a local dialect. As the scenery became wilder so characteristically Dutch welcome through the did the appearance and demeanor of the half- drizzle. naked little brown men and women along the road. Their rude rattan huts perched more and more We discovered many mutual friends; both had ins.ecurely on bamboo stilts. At the first sound of been leaders of the Student Christian Movement our car, they leaped for the edge of the road and in Holland before coming to the East. Cocoa turned rather wild and stupid eyes in frightened, and cake broke the ice and refreshed us after the uncomprehending stares after us. A fine drizzle journey. Then we inquired if it were too late to enveloped the mountains, and added a slimy sur- ~ oin the church service. Our host, explaining that face to the other hazards of this uncertain high- It was a quarterly communion and in the Toradja way. language, thought the service must be drawing to- Presently, we noted several of the houses for ward the close for he had heard strains of the which we had been looking, built in the shape of "middle hymn"-not the middle of the service but the native ships or prau which distinguish Makas- the middle of the sermon. (The middle hymn sar harbor, with great overhanging bows and bears certain analogies to a "seventh inning sterns. Then we knew we were in the heart of stretch" and is quite as serviceable, for the two the Toradj a land. For these little people (their halves of the discourse usually reach a half hour stature isa foot below average height), driven each !) tw~ hundred miles inland centuries ago, pushed We slipped into church and stole forward into theIr boats upstream before them and continue to front pews, for all others were crowded. The build their homes in that shape and to bury their Dutch minister, in tbhleacvkerGneanceuvlaar.gowOnn~ was read- ing his sermon in could not dead in prau, hewn of stone or wood. Secure in be certain that the auditors were grasping it much these mountain fastnesses, nearly half a million better than we. There was no slackening of revpeople have successfully resisted penetration by erent attention but I thought I detected a slight the stronger and fiercer tribes below. While the falling off in capacity for absorption during this lTaottreardjahapvraectibceeenunaMltoesrleedmpsrimfoirtivceeanntuirmiiess~ the and last ten minutes. But that did not seem greatly ancestor-worship. We passed their burial caves, to matter. One knew at once that the message of the worship was being conveyed, far more ef- • From The RresbY'terian T,-ibune, New York. fectively than by spoken word, through the un- [131 ]

adorned beauty of the building, through simple gested a garden-village. Again, the contrast to hymns to familiar tunes, through the indefinable the near-by villages through which we had passed intimacy of deep fellowship, perhaps most of all was staggering. We passed in and out among the through the stillness which pervaded the house houses, greeting the residents. On one porch a and all its company-simple, unemotional, genu- leprous mother rocked a new-born infant. Before ine, reverent, comradely, beautiful. another, children played in the sand. Everywhere cheerful, contented faces and cnrdiaI smiles wel- When the sermon was laid aside and the minis- comed us. We learned that the less severe cases ter took his place in the center of the long table can be cured. We noted no walls, no fences, no spread the width of the church and, after the guards. "Oh, but no one wants to leave. They lovely Dutch custom which so nearly reproduces would be driven from their own villages; quite the setting of the First Supper, the worshipers possibly they would be killed." Here was a lepercame forward and took seats at the table to his colony which was not merely a haven of refuge right and left and the bread was passed from hand and happiness for outcast souls but a model village to hand, one knew that Christian worship when for the entire locality! true and sincere is the same in every tongue and in every clime and that its focal center is in one The external contrasts-in cleanliness, health, place only-in the Supper of our Lord. One knew, intelligence, happiness, freedom from fear – no too, that what is supremely needed, alike for one could miss. But it was only later when we primitive animists of Toradja and for cultured visited in homes, inspected fetishes, learned in desophisticates of America, is that they should be tail of the customs and beliefs of the people that drawn through the unforced alchemy of that wor- the deeper contrasts could be fully appreciated. ship face to face with Him who first took bread and broke it, and washed His disciple's feet. It was, late evening before we got around to the hospital itself. Darkness had fallen and we felt As we took our places at the table, facing the our way around the dim wards by oil-lamplight. congregation, we had an opportunity really to Here and there beneath a bed, one or more memlook at them. We saw over two hundred clean, bers of the patient's family were curled up on the alert, well and tastily dressed men and women and floor; only on this condition would they permit girls, spotless in their simple native cos,tumes, hair their sick relative to enter the hospital. I was immaculately arranged, barefooted but winsome surprised to note several beds empty, but was and charming; almost every face was lighted by pointed to a figure stretched underneath; the ocan eager sincere reverence and open confident re- cupant could not rest comfortably on a cot so had pose. The contrast to the unkempt bedraggled rolled onto the floor and there slept peacefully. appearance and the bewildered, staring faces· of Seventy beds, always overcrowded for the conthe past two days was overwhelming. In their stituency number,s 300,000 people. The area of presence most of the discussions of missions one responsibility, close to 10,000 square miles of has heard evaporated into irrelevance like mist at jagged mountains pierced by hardly a road, must sunrise, or like "modern sex theories" in the be covered mainly on horseback. The medical staff radiant serenity of a truly Christian home. So numbers one doctor and one trained nurse, aided much utter nonsense is talked about Christian by locally trained native helpers. Tuberculosis, missions! I defy anyone, with open eyes and a venereal diseases, leprosy, cholera, trachoma, rupmodicum of concern for his fellow-men, to con- ture-these are the major ailments. Just now the front primitive life and religion in stark reality, most pressing need is an electric plant to supply and then witness a center of Christian faith and illumination, drying facilities and above all X-ray; life among them without confessing not merely the but that is a dream to conjure with in the distant validity but the inestimable worth of missions. future. When I was saying goodnight and laid on the table a paltry bill-less than an evening's Our host inquired if we cared to see the mis,sion theater at home-the young doctor grasped my leper colony. A half-mile back from the hospitaI hand with tears in his eyes. we came out upon a little plateau to discover one of the most lovely little villages we had ever seen. As we drove off in the gray dawn the following A dozen small houses, beautifully designed and morning, our last glimpse of Rante Pau was of constructed in the familiar shape of the native two dim figures standing in the doorway where prau and decorated by the inhabitants, each with they had greeted us the day before-weary and a its colorful garden, furnish haven and treatment little haggard but still smiling-surgeon, general and even cure to some hundred and forty lepers. practitioner, obstetrician, ophthalmologist, trop- On the hillside just above, a somewhat larger ical disease specialist, friend-at-Iarge to 300,000 prau serves as village church; the whole sug- primitive people-what a man's job!

Indian Poet, Narayan Varnan Tilak*

By the REV. KUND HEIBERG, Madras, India Missionary of the Danish Missionary Society, 1905- N ARAYAN VAMAN TILAK was called the India and Christ-these are the notes that re- "Tagore of Maratha-Iand." This is not a sound in all of Tilak's songs and in his life's deeds very accurate characterization, but is a tes- since the day he first gave his heart to Christ. timony as t'O the high esteem in which he was held not only among Indian Christians but by his Narayan Vaman Tilak was born seventy-seven Hindu fellow countrymen.. When he died twenty years ago (February 10, 1862) in Karazgao, in years ago (May 9, 1919) his name was known Dapoli Taluk, Konkan. He was a member of a far beyond the limits of Maratha-Iand and he was prominent Brahman family, and up to his ninth considered the greatest of modern Christian poets year lived in his grandfather's house. Here he in India. He was eulogized by a Hindu contem- grew up in beautiful natural surroundings. The P'Orary as follows: plain is one of the most fertile and luxuriant in India, being watered with abundant rain. These "The well-known Maratha poet and Pundit, surroundings developed in the boy a vivid love N. V. Tilak, was a pious Christian, but his Chris- for nature and moved the poetic chords in his tianity, as is the case with a constantly increasing soul. Love for nature was a great part of his life.

number of Indian Christians, 'Only helped to make Religiously he was profoundly influenced by his his love for his country more ardent. He was a mother who was of a poetic and imaginative natrue patriot, who looked into the future with deep ture and more independent in her thought and understanding and he was respected by all on ac- views of life than Hindu women are as a rule. In count of his truly religions life. As a Maratha later years he 'Often spoke of her as the one who poet he occupied a very prominent place among taught him to fear God and to love and serve man. his contemporaries." He declared that he never met another woman who was so nearly perfect as his pious mother. A well-known Hindu paper in Bombay wrote at She was, his first guru or spiritual teacher. the time: "Tilak's death is a loss not only for Indian Christians; it is a loss for the whole na- The grandfather was a pious Brahman who 'Obtion, which will preserve a loving remembrance served his devotional practi1ces with such zeal that of his truly holy life." the inhabitants of his little town even made fun of him. His religious zeal made a deep impression Pundit Tilak's ardent love for his Motherland upon his daughter's son who often played near found a beautiful expression in many of his poems him and t'O whom he was, much devoted. and gave the imprint to his life. But while his love for India was great, his love for Christ was Tilak's father does not seem to have been a greater. He had found the Pearl of Great Price model of amiability, but was a hot-tempered, vioand to possess it he sold all he owned; of this two- lent man. The boy could not get along with him fold love he s,ang: and when the mother died, he ran away from home and tramped to the town of Nasik with his Hindustan is my mother and all her children are most younger brother. Here he succeeded in obtaining precious jewels to me; instruction from some Indian pundits, among whom was a teacher by the name of Ganes Shastri Some lie covered with rubbish, and some lie hid in earth's Lile. Later in life Tilak always spoke of this man dark depths as having been, after his mother, his second guru. Shastri Lile taught Tilak to love India and it was Some are adorned with the radiant crown of Hindustan. in his school the foundation was laid for Tilak's My heart longs for them all; each one I love, ardent patriotism. The boy's talents attracted the I, the humble servant of my Motherland. interest of several prominent men who helped him in many ways. A message have I to bring, Hark ye, all ye sons of Hindustan. The boy attended an English school, but his in- Without Christ all is in vain; quiring (not to say revolutionary) nature did not Only if He fills your hearts, only then Can we know God's aim for our lives. It is Jesus who makes me a patriot true, So that I, His slave, am my Motherland's servant.

• Translated from the Danish by the late Dr. C. Theodore Benze. fit into the four walls of a sichool, any more than [133 ]

it afterwards could feel quite at home in the con- (3) There is no earlier birth and no repeated rebirt~s. fessionallimits of anyone church. All human suffering is due to man's personal failure III fulfilling his duties. A man's condition in this life depends Years of drifting followed during which he partly upon his heredity and environment and partly upon eagerly studied Sanscrit and English, religio~s his.own conduct. and philosophy. He worked hard to learn ArabIC so as to be able to read the Koran in its original (4) The essential thing in all religions is love and surlanguage and thus to penetrate more deeply to the render to God and men. heart of Mohammedanism. Buddhism fascinated him for a time and he determined to be like (5) Idolatry is sin, yea, the ·greatest of all sins; but Buddha in all but his faults. But neither Bud- such virtues as love, truth, mercy may be personified and dhism nor Mohammedanism could hold him per- worshipped. manently. Even in his early childhood he had broken the rules of caste and he continued to assail Tilak understood that if a man wishes to found the system of caste all his life. His mother. a~d a new religion, its future will depend upon such a his teachers who were Hindus and who were dIS- founder's personality. He says: "I saw that in posed towa;d reform, had influenced him in this order to propagate these principles I myself must direction. be a wonderful man. I began, therefore, to study the lives of founders of religions carefully." All Tilak's searching was now directed to finding the religion that would bring salvation, Tilak observed that most founders of religions strength and self-respect to his beloved Mother- were said to have performed miracles. Hence he land. He longed to see India great and free; but wanted to obtain power for this and devoted himit was clear that this could be attained only by self to Yoga practices, from which, according to spiritual regeneration. How to a,ccomplish this Hindu teaching, the power to perform miracles was the burden on his mind day and night. can be obtained. He spent two years in the severest ascetic practices and for days at a time While engaged in these speculations, Tilak came he sat on a mountain top, lost in meditation. His in contact with a religiously inclined Hindu in food consisted of plants and fruits such as he could Nagpur who spent great sums of money to acquire find near by. He sat there without noticing the Hindu literature, both ancient Vedic writings and burning heat of noon or the cold night winds. modern books. To this man's library Tilak had But he experienced great disappointment at this free acces's and "for three years," he says, "I swam very time when he thought to have reached his and tumbled in this sea of spe!culative thoughts goal. and poems." His studies resulted in an attempt to establish the fundamental principles of a "new" The people from the surrounding villages bereligion that was, to be higher and purer than any gan to come in crowds up the mountain to catch a other and which was to unite all of India, nay glimpse of the lonely saint and to call upon him more, all the world, in one brotherhood. For this for help. Indeed, once or twice he was reported new religion Tilak actually set down a number of to have been the means of wonderful healing. principles. Then their enthusiasm grew and the mountain hermit became the object of wondering adoration. This attempt to found a new religion is a strik- But this very enthusiasm opened his eyes to the ing example of the strong religious power, found emptiness of the whole business. "See," he said within the old Hinduism, which constantly seeks to himself, "it is only to get a glimpse of me, or to penetrate. to something better than Hinduism in the hope of a temporal good, that these people can offer. India's religious history reveals both are coming. They do not care anything for the in ancient and modern times a series of such at- teachings of my new religion. All their attention tempts. Its strong minds (like a Rabindranath and their talk centers in me. My doctrine can Tagore) have steadily endeavored to break the amount to something only if I myself can be lost iron bonds of the old Hinduism, especially· its to view while presenting the message I have to caste system. But in all these attempts one finds bring. that the fundamentals in reality point to the truth in Christianity. So he came down from the mountain and ended the Yoga practices. Up to this point Tilak did The following principles were enunciated by not concern himself about Christianity. He says: Tilak for his new religion: "Strangely enough, in my religious investigations I never thought of the Bible or of Christ. The (1) There is a rational Creator of the universe, who is reason for this was that the Bible seemed such a not an indefinite absolute Something like the Brahma of plain book to me." As a Brahman he wanted to the Hindus, but a personal being with a fatherly heart center his attention upon complicated problems, and all men are his children. as Brahmans like to do. He says "The Brahmans are by nature people who enjoy and admire either (2) All holy writingS! in all religions are the. work of such literature as is above their comprehension or men. The only writing in which we can study all about isa riddle to them. There are many Sanscrit God is the book of nature, the whole universe. books, which, I am sure, if they were translated

THE INDIAN POET, NARAYAN VAMAN TILAK

into the vernacular, would be cast aside by these pletely refuted. I began to embrace a love for very Brahmans, as useless rubbish. But let a Christ Himself and I continued to read on to the Brahman sing a few mantrams, which neither he last page of the Bible so as to learn as much as nor his hearers understand, and both parties will possible about Christ.:' be captivated. The simpHcity of the Bible was one reason why I had never investigated Chris- In Rajnandgaon there lived a Christian intianity. Another really important reason was spector of police who gave Tilak some Christian that no Christian preacher had ever talked to me books. One of these, Bushnell's "Character of about Christ and I had never seen any Chris4;ian Jesus," made a s.trong impression upon him. All book in Marathi that I cared to read." of this brought him into a severe spiritual strug- gle. He did not wish to take up the new religion The Christians, whom Tilak so far had met, carelessly but by reflection he came to be constood on such a low intellectual plane that he, an vinced of the truth of Christianity. Christ was educated Brahman, did not regard them as any the Teacher whom India and the world craved. better than idolators. The next step was to be convinced of the power In 1892, when Tilak was thirty years old, his of Christianity. How this happened is told by wealthy admirer wished him to publish a new Tilak in the following words: philosophical and religious periodical. Only two numbers appeared, for since Tilak set forth in "One day I fell into doubt about Christ's word them the new doctrines enumerated above, his 'Ask, and it shall be given unto you.' Like an patron abandoned him and he had to give up his ignorant child I determined to test the truth of editorial position. He then ac·cepted an offer of a the word. I prayed that I might receive a book position from an Indian prince, the Rajah of which would inform me about the history of Pal- Rajnandgaon. The journey thither became of estine and the times in which Jesus lived. I added great importance for he says: in my prayer that if my prayer would not be granted, I would reject the doctrine that God I traveled in the intermediate class and as I entered the showed mercy to His child. Suddenly the next compartment, the only European present, in place of re- day I was transferred to another government pulsing me, made room for me with a friendly smile. office. To my great joy and surprise I found in a box under some old junk, three books, all religious, I had my favorite Sanscrit poet Bhavabhuti with me and that treated of Christ and Christianity. These and the strange gentleman began to talk to me about poets books gave information about the very things. I and poetry. I was much interested in what he said and had prayed to be enlightened on. God continued to I discovered that he knew something about poetry and the send me many wonderful answers to my prayers art of writing it. I discovered that he knew some San- and I came to love Christ." scrit and was well informed on the Sanscrit literature. Afterwards he changed the subject and asked me about At this time Tilak came in contact with Baba my attitude toward Christianity. I told him about my new Padmanji, a learned high-caste man who had bedoctrines and he remarked to my great astonishment that come a Christian. The correspondence and subwithin two years I would be a Christian. I thought the sequent companionship with him was a great help man must be crazy to say such a thing. We talked a long to Tilak, who here found a guide that understood time. Finally he said, "Young man, God is leading you. him and could help him. More and more he ex- Study the Bible and study the life of Christ and you will perienced the power of Christ. The regeneration surely become a Christian." In my heart I scoffed at of soul, which his Yoga practices had been unable what I considered the man's impertinence. But he finally to effect, he found in his communion with Christ. offered prayer and then he gave me a copy of the New Testament. I promised to read it, not from any interest Tilak began to utter his new thoughts and his in the Bible itself, but for the friendly feeling which the changed views of life in verse and prose, in pubman's kindness had aroused in me. I left the train at lished poems, and printed articles. He wrote Rajnandgaon and we took cordial leave of one another. under a pen-name, but was soon discvered and Strangely enough, neither of us thought to ask the other his friends understood that he had become a Chrisfor his name, residence or position. tian. Persecution broke loose upon him, "such a persecution," he writes, "as can hardly be imag- Tilak never learned who his traveling com- ined, except by Hindus who turn to Christianity. panion was, but he began to read the New Testa- But God helped me and delivered me from various ment as he had promised. The book took hold of difficulties; He prepared 'a table for me with spirhim, especially the Sermon on the Mount. He itual food in the presence of mine enemies.' When writes, "I could not tear myself away from these I earnestly considered baptism, I was suddenly words so full of attractiveness and beauty, which reduced to poverty, lost my position, and lost my express the love and gentleness and truth, that friends. I had no acquaintance among Christians. the Sermon contains. In these three chapters I Even my own wife, whom I had considered to be found a satisfying reply to the most difficult ques- convinced of the truth of Christianity, turned tions in Hindu philosophy. I was astonished to see how the deepest problems found their solution here. To my amazement I discovered that the doctrine of the transmigration of souls was com-

against me and sought to overcome my determina- that people spoke disdainfully of "Christian Martion to be baptized. athi" until Tilak began to speak and sing.

"In November, 1894, I dreamed the same dream With the lower forms of speech there went gen- erally an inclination to despise all that was one's three nights in succession.: A person appeared own, to ape the missionaries in dress and man- ners, and to give up national peculiarities. This before me and said, 'Follow Me and fear noth- led to the deplorable situation that Hindus reing.' " . garded the conversion to Christianity as treason to their own land. To become a Christian, was Then Tilak chose the course he would follow. to them the same thing as to renounce Hindustan, He wrote to an American missionary, Mr. J. E. the Motherland.

Abbot, and ask him to inform others that he had In the person of Tilak there now stood forth an become a Christian. The 10th of February, 1895, Indian singer and preacher, who spoke and sang he was baptized by an Indian pastor, T. Nathoji, in words and tones that gripped Hindu hearts. in the American Mission church in Bombay. Tilak Those familiar with the Marathi language look says, "It was exactly two years after the man in upon Tilak's work as a spiritual regeneration of the train had given me the Bible. Thus does the the language used among Christians, yes, even as Lord lead His children and thus His will is done an enrichment of the language itself. One of Tilak',g disciples says it was like the spring that on earth." breaks forth in freshness and beauty.

Tilak's baptism was the introduction to active Tilak's poems have been widely cir,culated. In the streets of Ahmednagar, the beggars sing them. labor in the Ispread 'Of the Gospel of Christ and In Christian homes they have introduced new the Kingdom of God. He became pastor in the songs,. Even the theistic society, Parthana Somaj in BoOmbay, is said to use some of them, with alter- American Marathi Mission Church and accom- ations. One of Tilak's admirers thinks that his plished much good. One of the difficulties of the great poem Christayana ("The Story of Christ") Christian Church in India has been, that most of will exert the same influence upon the speech of its members. have come from the lowest class of Christians as Tulsi Das's Ramayana has exerted population, who before their baptism stood out- upon the Hindu language.

side of the real Indian community and Hindu cul- Tilak stands today first and foremost the poet of India. He sang of his beautiful country, which ture. The result has been that the Indian Chris- to him is "the crown of the earth." tian communion has been isolated. Tilak did what In one poem, "The Ascent of the Mountain," he was in his. power to build bridges. His old Hindu sings of the greatness of the land, its far-stretched friends locked him out when he became a Chris- mountains and valleys with their endlessly varied tian, but his poetic gift had already created a natural beauty. In the poem, "My Motherland," name for him. In this may be seen a reason why, he has sung the praise of In~ia, as her Christian son. after all, many leading Hindus showed him friendship. On the other hand, he was used to lift the Tilak has also been called the poet of flowers. Christian communion out of its isolation into the His language is a language of flowers, colored with many pictures from the world of nature. He is a movements of the times. singer of nature, but with a deep mystic sense for the world of eternity, extending beyond the sur- Tilak labored incessantly to win others for face of the visible world. Christ, especially among the educated classes. His poems have doOne a great work. Likewise his The poet expresses his poetical sense of nature sermons in the church, his instruction of the in the poem, "Woodland Flower," which reports a young and his training of pastors. Social work conversation between the poet and the Woodland he carried on with great zeal. In times of pesti- Flower. The poet admires its beauty, but deplores the fact that the Flower wastes its life in the lence and famine he was among the first to provide wilderness, alone, unknown, and of no use, since help for the needy. The founding 'Of a children's it has no man to admire and use it. But Woodland home and of a Society for Social Work are due to Flower indignantly defends her life in the jungle his efforts. forest by saying that right there it lives its life, free under the open sky and serving God. It well But Tilak did his greatest work as an author. knows the fate of flowers in the house of men who His poetry had a far-reaching importance for the pluck them and use them for their selfish ends. Christian Church in Marathi-land. He is consid- The poet tries to persuade Woodland Flower to ered the greatest Christian poet in the Marathi give up her ascetic life and to come and live among language.

When Christianity is presented toa people, not by one of the land's own sons, but by foreigners who never have completely mastered the language, and when besides most Christians come from the lowest classes of the people and from their least developed dialects, it easily happens that the Christian speech remains undeveloped. This was the characteristic of Marathi Christian speech, so

THE INDIAN POET, NARAYAN VAMAN TILAK

men and to be useful. Woodland Flower says It moveth my inmost soul; "No!" and the poet gives up his case. But as he A vision is flooding with splendor of light leaves the Woodland Flower, his heart is suddenly The halls of my soul. changed and wherever he goes after that, he no- All motion of hands and all action of thoughttices that the Flower lives in his heart as well as It quivers, it sinketh, it ceaseth. in the Woodland. He becomes himself that which My soul drifts away; no longer do bonds he has seen. Now fetter me close to the shores of this world.

Some readers see in this poem the doctrine of o sleep! how I long now to sleep! Have mercy upon me! meditation and action as found in the ancient Indian poem, the Bhagavad Gita. Others interpret Let no one awake me again! it as a description of the poet's peace of heart on seeing the flower in its right place, in the poet's Another example of the mystical trait in Tilak's own soul and there created music. From this the poetry is his poem on "Love" in the form of a thought is derived that the true Gardner of the riddle: soul gives the human soul a chance to grow freely, wherever the right place is. It need not be plucked A flower-it grows way down in sorrow's plain, off sacrificially to adorn us or our surroundings. Guess ye the name? It drinks of tears the rain; When sorrow's sun departs, so hot and dry, Whichever interpretation is correct, we are It groweth upward toward the bright blue sky. agreed on one thing, admiration of this poem and the other nature poems such as "The Joy of A magic drink-can you its name discern? Spring," the "Dance of Nature," the "Music of the One taste of it, the dead to life return: Birds." And silent lips break forth in melody, While eyes of blind see visions heavenly. Tilak is the poet of unity. The striving of this Indian soul for unity back of all multiformity A magic word-ah guess it if you can; breathes forth from many of his songs. In some It makes a "fool" e'en of the "wisest man": of his poems he records the mixed character of The "I" and "thou' he doth no longer know! the times with all their "Noise," "Turmoil" and Who knows the meaning, straight to God shall go. "Division." He meets men, some highly cultured, some without culture, and their common trait is Now have you guessed? What is this flower so rare, that they deplore the times. India's heart is torn That when it blossoms; God is always there? asunder by congresses and conferences, by moderates and extremists, by theists, theosophists, ad- As a religious poet Tilak is, in one sense, a herents of the Arya Somaj, Brahmans and Sudras, continuation of the series of religious poets within caste people and subcastes, by people who desire Hinduism, commonly called "Bhaktas" because reformation and people who clamor for reaction, they gave expres,sion to the devotion of love which by Mohammedans and Hindus, and no one can tell is called Bhakti. But there is a difference. The where all this division will end. But Tilak's op- Bhaktas are like those who seek. This applies to timism answers that from disunion, will come the ancient Bhaktas, like Tukaram, as well as to union, as light breaks through darkness; back of the moderns like Rabindranath Tagore. Tilak the uproar of the times is, God's everlasting mel- has found the secret. The religious songs of India ody which shall some day burst forth as the song contain the most beautiful expression for the longof harmony. Men say India is old; but India is ing of the human soul after the living God; but forever young. in Tilak there is one thing more, thanksgiving for having found God in Ghrist. Bhakti, the devotion The same longing for union, for harmony, for of love, loving faith, meet in Christ, the God who rest meets us also in Tilak's religious poems.. Here is Love. we see a self-surrender as deep as only the strong emotional life of the East can create, and clothed We quote below several of Tilak's religious in rich tropical imagery. The inner union of the songs. soul with God, the penetration into divinity, that is that for which the poet's soul longs. AWAKE, MY SOUL!

In the poem "Presamadhi" we are led into his Awake, my soul, awake and praise mystic thought-world. Immersed in a spiritual The sovereign Lord o'er night and day. trance, in which all ,consciousness of the world of Go forth along life's way again, sense disappears, he feels his whole being over- Praise God, the Glorious One, in song. whelmed, yea engulfed in the object of his love. He sings: To think of Him filled night with song, To serve Him filled the day with peace; o love, I sink down in a timeless sleep, By day, by night at His footstool, We joyed to be at one with Him. Sink down in a timeless sleep, An image uprises before me Whate'er the coming day may bring Bring thou thy offering to Christ; Give up thyself in faith, to Him, And at His feet adore, my soul!

Seek, if thou wilt, the whole world through, Where wilt thou find a friend like Him? He leadeth thee with loving care- o follow Him in all thy ways.

To save thee is His only aim PRAYER To help, to teach, to heal thy heart, And to refresh thy weary soul, Prayer in loving humble hearts, And call thee home from all unrest. Opens wide the doors of heaven, Prayer is God's own dwelling place Thou art the weapon, He the hand, Where His children see His face. And every counsel comes from Him- Upon His altar lay thy will, We from earth a ladder raise, Abide with Him from day to day. Prayer we call it by its name, Prayer is God the Father's knee THE LOVE OF CHRIST Where His trusting children sit.

One all unworthy to be called Rain of love and Spirit's light, Among disciples in Thy school Tears of joy in prayer we have, Thou, in Thy love didst call "a friend," Walk with God, and feel His kiss, Oh Love, amazing, great! That is prayer His servant knows.

So weak am I, oh God of grace Tilak is not only the poet of India, nature and So all unworthy in Thy sight, religious tenderness. He is also the poet of home. That e'en the dust upon Thy feet He himself led a happy home life after his wife Is worth far more than I! returned to him and also was baptized four years after his baptism. In the poem entitled "Sushila," Thou dwellest in unending light Tilak brings before us a young girl's life and Above all earthly sin and shame- growth at home and her spiritual development. In That Thou shouldst bear our sin and shame! the introduction there are a few stanzas that in Can I such love tell forth? no wise yield to the tenderness and beauty of Western song in praise of home. Did He not deem the heavenly throne A matter of such small account, HOME And yet esteem it great to be For me a mortal man? Is there on earth such a lovely place That it may be compared to the one true home? And when the nails pierced deep His flesh Did He not bear it patiently? Where every assumption of "me" and "mine" Then how describe His life divine, Is utterly gone and you never can find So patient and so pure? The slightest traces of selfishness left And love is the ruler that weareth the crown. Thus Love came down in human form, Love's Self, from saving love for me! Where pride is not known that bows down to itself, I hardly dare behold His face Where the good of the neighbor is the same as one's own, For shame, for bitter shame. Where all are intent in one aim to compete, To render each other the service of love. And if there be aught good in me I owe it all to Thee alone Where under the fashions so manifold, Then guard and guide me, 0 my Lord, One mind alone wieldeth harmonious sway, As Thou dost guard Thine own! All suffer, all conquer, all smile or else sigh, Bring Paradise back to the plains of this earth. UNION WITH CHRIST Where under the gentlest and tenderest care, As the moon and its golden beams are one, The highest, most glorious actions spring up, Thus my prayer is this, 0 my Lord and God, And blossom together as in gardens of old, The prayer of the mendicant- And grow to perfection as glorious fruit. That I may be one with Thee! The home which has fostered from the day of their birth, Like a loving wife will I hold Thee fast, And lavishly nurtured all over this earth Yea, hold Thee forever in loving embrace, The heroes and poets, the wise men and saints, Like a daughter I call to Thee, The house that refreshed in their pilgrimage days. Like a sister I sing Thy praise! God's ladder by which all humanity mounts, As words and their meaning are tied in one, And being thus tied they can serve but one aim. To the mountains three t of its highest desire. Thus let us be bound, 0 Lord, Thus utter thy speech through me. A heavenly dwelling and temple divine, Where bideth the Maker, the Father of men. Oh grant that my soul might a mirror be That Thee I might see in its polished face, Yea, is there on earth such a lovely place In my thought, my speech, my life, That it may be compared to the one true home? Oh make them all bright and pure! Tilak had one more string to his bow. We see And take Thou my body, oh my Saviour dear, him also engaged as a polemic writer. His activity And make Thine abode in my inmost soul, as minister and churchman, involved him in all To be without Thee, oh Christ, questions which in recent years have agitated In- Is sin, is the deepest death! t The three mountains of desire are the heights of religion, wealth and position. The desires of the senses, according to Indian thought, are everything that man can wish for.

THE INDIAN POET, NARAYAN VAMAN TILAK

dian Christians. The most burning is the ques- the poet of the proud VISIOns, who foresaw a glorious future for Ghrist's Church in the land tion of the independence of the Indian Church. which he loved and whose sons, as he hoped, should spread Christ's Gospel in their Motherland. Self-consciousness has grown strong among In- Tilak was something of a free lance and a man dian Christians as it has on the whole, among all of opposition; to say it more practically, he had in himself the nature of the woodland flower. Orientals. Hitherto the foreign missionaries were This nature, this urge toward freedom and inde- pendence, induced him finally to give up his posithe ones who guided and directed all affairs of the tion as a pastor and to work for the coming of God's Kingdom to his Motherhood, as a free singer church; now we have come to the time of transi- and preacher of God's grace, as a Sunyasi, his love for India coalesced with his love for Christ. tion in which the growing Church desires to stand Death prevented Tilak from being very long upon its own feet, to be independent and to pass active as a Christian Sunyasi. But the tones which he first caused to resound in the hearts of from dependence to freedom, from subordination Indian Christians, India and Christ, are now heard everywhere in the church of India. to equality. We will close with the poem, "My Motherland," Tilak took part in these discussions and in one which is a fit summary of his spirit.

of his poems gives strong expression to the feel- MY MOTHERLAND ings of Indian Christians, their craving for in- (In the style of an Indian Lyric) dependence, their longing to find their own forms Chaff will I eat and tatters will I wear for thy love's sake, my Motherland. For thy sake will I cast in the dust of expression for their Christian consciousness, all that is thought to be honor and happine.ss.

independent of the dogmatic foreign mold which Sooner or later shall my soul leave this tabernacle of dust and depart hence; but can death part me from thee? the missionaries brought, and in which Indian Thou knowest, it cannot. To be thy child, what blessed- ness is this! Who can take this from me? Has any robber Christians have grown up. The poem is addressed courage to do so? Has time? Has death? Nay, none of them. to the foreign missionaries. . I will offer up my body, my life will I give in thy service, You came here bringing Christ to us, my noble land. Some will laugh, some will weep over this You brought your body, life and all to us! burning love. I care naught for that. Born to be thy son, There is no limit to our debt to you for this; I shall be that to the limit. May God help me to that end. We owe you all. But now we have a little prayer to make. Our riches, our good name, our wisdom, thou carest not Will you then listen? for these. It is we and we alone whom thou regardest as You are our Mother and our Father, we but helpless in- life of thy life. Oh thou loving Mother, take then this my self, which I offer thee, however trifling the offering may fants. be. And as, I do this, I do nothing more than follow my But now it is time these things should end! Lord and Master, Jesus Christ, my Friend, thy Friend and You are the ones who wrought this rule of bondage. the Friend of all. Oh call it not God's kingdom. Weare the dancers, you the orchestra. May the Almighty help me, that the Disciple may be- How long yet shall this last? come as his Master, fully and completely like Him, and How long yet will you have us be linactive? not a particle less than that and to do for thee, my mother- Hath God not eyes to see withal? land, and for the world, what He did. Then shall I, whom Then let us swim, or let us drown. thine eyes may see tortured, slain or dead, serve thee Thus only can we learn at last to swim. throughout the ages, how many of them, neither you nor Keep all your doctrines to yourselves alone, I may know. But let us first find Christ. And be not wroth, for I am but a messenger at best, And what folk utter, that I tell. Let us be brothers first and sisters; Then let us find the answer to our other questions.

Tilak dreamed of a great future for the Indian Church. At the Centennial of Marathi missions he uttered the words: "The century just passed was that of the foreign missionaries. The coming one is ours."

These words give us a clear picture of Tilak, THE LIFE MORE ABUNDANT Christianity is not the religion of sorrow and gloom; it is the religion of the morning, and carries in its heart the happiness of heaven. .

Christianity is not a restraint but an inspiration-not a weight but wings; not subtraction but addition.

Christianity brings zest and sparkle to life; it is sunshine on the flowers, rather than moonshine on the snow; it is life more abundant; it is leaving the little narrow life behind and leaving it for ever.

Christianity is the' experience and the expression of Christ in the heart.

DOCTOR TAKING A PATIENT TO THE HOSPITAL, THE CABOOSE ON RUNKERS FOR WINTER

15 MILES AWAY, BY SNOWPLANE NOTE THE CHIMNEY FROM THE STOVE INSIDE Messengers of Faith in Manitoba IIBishop's Messengers of Faith in the Diocese of Brandon"

~- -e( I By MISS ROSALIE F. PENNELL, Manitoba, Canada A LL are ready for the Christmas festivities at senger speaks of the Light of the World and tells .r-. Dunkinville. True, tomorrow, not today, is how each one must come to that Light to have Christmas, but the Messengers live about their own little lamp kindled, and must then take twenty miles away so that it is impossible for it out into the dark world to give light to others.

them to reach Dunkinville on Christmas Day- Then, in symbolic action, each worshipper brings the "local" runs the day before. an unlighted candle to the Crib, lights it there, It is bitter cold, well below zero. The Mes- and joins. in a procession to bear, as it were, sengers who have started at 7 a. m. are met at Christ's Light into the darkness.

the little station and drive the seven miles in an After the service, Christmas greetings are given open sleigh. There is just time to warm up be- and received. Then the Messengers make their fore the carol service begins in the Community way to the stricken house where lies the body of Hall. But tragedy is stalking abroad on this the little girl. There was no one among the group holy Christmas Eve. A small boy of seven, play- of women gathered there who could do what was ing with a gun, points it at his sister in jest. The necessary. They were all afraid, so that it fell to gun goes off and the little community is thrown the senior Messenger to take charge. There was into gloom. But the Christmas service takes place practically nothing with which to work – only as arranged so that nothing shall hinder the faith- dirty rags and a little soiled cotton-wool; the only ful Christians from honoring the Christ on the sheet in the house being one with a bright check.

evening of His nativity; but the merry-making Then the Messengers. returned at 2: 30 a. m. to as planned is omitted. find that their dear old hostess had been keeping It is so cold that only a few children have been turkey warm for them.

able to brave the weather, their clothing not being "Who are these Messengers and what do they adequate to keep them warm out of doors. The do?"

congregation numbers about sixty, more than half In 1926, Miss Fowler, a graduate of St. Chris- of whom are men. Many are away from home in topher's College, Blackheath, England, asked the the "bush," cutting lumber. Bishop of Brandon to send her out to help the It is a beautiful and heartfelt service, held in lonely and isolated women of his distant diocese the long frame building, dimly lighted by oil in Western Canada. As a result the Order of lamps. Bishop's Messengers of St. Faith's was formed.

The lights in the Christmas Crib glow all the Miss Fowler and a companion were sent to brighter in the surrounding dimness. The Mes- work, not in the town of Swan River, where there [140 ]

MESSENGERS OF FAITH IN MANITOBA

was a resident priest, but outside of Swan River, One Christmas, when the priest, accompanied with a roving commission to do what they could where they could. by a Messenger, was traveling by snow-plane the Starting with a small shack and two workers, Communion wine froze. On another occasion the there are now over a dozen trained and licensed Messengers, and a number of helpers. The Mother engine of the "local" froze at Swan River and the House is located at Swan River and Daughter Houses at Birch River, Cormorant Lake, Wa- priest who should have been at Birch River (20 bowden, and a one-roomed shack at Mafeking. Some of the Messengers minister also to outlying miles north) at about 11: 30 a. m. did not reach districts, holding services and classes in schools or homes. Two other dioceses have borrowed there till 6 p. m. . Messengers from the Order. There are also meetings for Guides, Cubs and What do the Messengers. do? During the summer there is always visiting and visiting and VIS- Brownies, and there is the Guides' Camp at Madge ITING, running a race with approaching winter. At least one Messenger goes out in the Sunday Lake at which many of the Lone Guides get their school caravan. Services are held at as many points as possible, generally once in two weeks, first idea of the team spirit of Guiding. There are and at these schoolhouse services, in spite of the old harmonium, the children's uncomfortable desk game nights, at one of which might be found, on seats (rather a misfit for grown men and women) and day-school surroundings, there is often an a certain night 50 below zero outside, as many as "atmosphere" of worship that would compare favorably with that of many a stately and well-ap- twenty-seven children packed into a room 14 by pointed city church. Something is done to make the building more church-like – a few pictures 15 feet, with two beds, a stove, three tables, chairs are hung up; the teacher's desk is pushed against the wall and draped with hangings; a small and benches! There are socials where many corwooden Cross is placed on it, and someone will bring a bunch of flowers when they are to be had, ners are rubbed off and differences forgotten, and either gathered on the way or from their own garden. you may hear some tired farmer declare that he Then there are classes for preparation for bap- has not laughed so much for years. Mothers' tism and confirmation; men, women, boys, and girls. The Bishop on his annual visit, goes to meetings and unexpected guests at all hours are every point where there is even only one candidate rather than summon them to a central place, added to the heavy but important work of the and thus the congregations get to know and love their Bishop and their place of worship is hal- Sunday school by Post, which is often the only lowed by these associations. religious teaching that children receive in isolated Many difficulties are overcome in reaching these little outpost flocks. Weather looms large in the places. Bundles are constantly being sent out to work of the Messengers, and roads that are good in fine weather, become nightmares in snow or needy families. For example–Edna, a member after rain. All sorts of conveyances are used; in summer usually the auto, which often runs long of one of the congregations, was to be married. after it is wise and this results in many adventures. In winter, cutters, dog-sleighs, box-sleighs, She had worked very hard on the farm and in the cabooses, and on special occasions the snow-plane, which is a sort of car with an aeroplane engine home as her mother used to walk five miles to earn and propeller. It can reach a speed of 30 miles per hour. It is bitterly cold and noisy inside but a dollar by washing. The few dollars that might the chief drawback from the Messengers' point of view is the cost as ic has to be hired at so much have gone to provide a little trousseau were swalper mile, and the miles mount up horribly. lowed up when a summer gale blew off the top of their house. After that they had to live in the chicken house, until they could put on the new roof. The Messengers heard of the disappoint- ment and ransacked the bale room to select a bundle of clothing for Edna. "Were the things nice?" the senior Messenger asked. "I'll say,"

was the brief but unmistakable reply.

Hundreds of Christmas parcels go out to homes which in many cases will have no other material "Christmas cheer." The bale room also stocks the Jumble Sales which take place at each centre about once a year. This is indeed a red letter day for every mother, and pennies are carefully saved to buy the merest trifles for the family. No Bond Street shopper could have more fun in the excite- ment of choosing! The proceeds of the Jumble Sale are put into a fund, aptly called "The Samari- tan Fund," to help the people in sickness and other divers needs. There is the occasional funeral when no minister is within reach, and a great deal of sick nursing.

As one of the Messengers said: "Our work can never be dull for every day brings something un- expected." Inspiration comes through the Mes- sengers' daily private devotions and reading, and in public worship.

Home Missionaries Need

By MILDRED S. CAPRON Secretary to the Protestant Episcopal Missionary Bishop of Wyoming W E ARE a strange people! Families employ or translation, or equipment providing mechan- a cook and provide her with cooking uten- ical and more rapid means of caring for routine sils; a farmer has his faImling imple- work. ments; an architect is not expected to retain his For the most part these are items which the plans in his head but is given a medium for re- average person would take for granted, items the cording them; a nurse or doctor is never without necessity for which the office person or houseequipment. And yet for years church people have keeper or schoolteacher would readily underbeen sending women missionaries, evangelistic stand. Because they are so easily taken for and religious education workers, to their posts, granted, they are likewise easily forgotten. expecting them to do a first-rate job without pro- Many workers have gone to the field quite unviding them with tools or equipment, money for aware of how their hands were to be tied for purchasing teaching materials, for employing lack of materials. One instance comes to mind: a translators, funds for office equipment or postage, woman worker was given the job of revising all traveling expenses on the field, and such items not the teaching materials in the Church school from otherwise provided. For years the missionarie1> primary up-a job requiring several years for have been doing a first-rate job, in spite of the completion. And in a foreign tongue! Obviously handicap, and have skimped on their small sal- a translator was necesary. The only fund availaries to provide in at least a meager way essen- able for paying a competent translator was a tial materials, but feeling always as one mission- monthly amount sufficient for a coolie's wage. ary expressed it "like a bird suspended on a wire." This missionary, though appalled by the size and The day has passed when a desire to be a mis- importance of the job committed to her, did a sionary, or have a call, is sufficient to make a mis- splendid job, but at a great personal sacrifice. sionary. Just as in secular teaching, we now insist that more than a bodily presence is necessary, so Volunteer help was solicited at every turn. the job committed to the missionary demands Those in Church school and rural work are adequate training. This often means a training in history, literature, psychology, sociology, to- aware of the inadequacy of our printed materials gether with pedagogy, also some knowledge of and how we are continually turning to other commusic, finance, practical nursing, handicrafts, munions to supply our lack. domestic science, and possibly other specialties. The evangelistic and religious education worker Visual education is the great need today. But on the mission field is called upon for everything pictures, and maps, and posters, and books all and by everybody. He or she must be so alert cost money. mentally as to undertake any job and do it well. A woman missionary must be able to teach illiter- Again are we doing right when we provide a ates with the same agility as the educated. She rural worker with a car without providing gas must have great facility with children. And above and oil as well? Those living in the broad areas all, she must have the same love for people as that of the deep West, where distances are so great, of Christ the Great Teacher. roads often bad, and gasoline so high, know some- thing of the high cost of locomotion. The cost in Some of the tools needed for this super-person dollars and cents of searching out and extending may be grouped into four sections: a helpful healing hand may seem hardly com- mensurate with the number reached but Christ's 1. Printing. Leaflets, maps, posters for Church religion is not on a per capita basis and wherever schools, auxiliaries, clubs, summer conferences, His children are, it is our high privilege to minand for materials for use in f3!milies. ister to them. These people so isolated, that it is not only necessary to make long journeys to de- 2. Supplies of books and pamphlets to help in liver books and magazines and Sunday school religious education of all ages. material-that could be done by mail-but there should be the uplifting personal contacts, for these 3. Means of travel and traveling expenses be- people are so dependent on their own resources, tween mission stations. that much travel is required to comfort them in their troubles and sorrows and to bring them new 4. Secretarial and office help for clerical work • Adapted from The Spirit of Missions. hope and vision and joy of Christ.

[142 ]

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Effective Ways of Working crested Methods for Increasing Interest at Home EDITED BY MISS GRACE W. i.VICGAVRAN, 5718 OAK AVE., INDIANAPOLIS, INDIANA ~'=I============="~ How a Pastor Enlisted tions and classes already carry- vistas of service and responsi- His Whole Church ing out a program of their own bility are opening up before us. is obvious. He is the logical one From Berkeley, California, to present to them all the oppor- Are you using the newer miscomes a report of a new plan for tunity for a cooperative study of sionary hymns? Or are you still missionary education. Sunday value to everyone. In this case singing about yourselves, "lightschool classes in this church cus- his wisdom was shown in using tomarily had supper meetings on existing class and organizational ed with wisdom from on high," Wednesday evenings. Through units, so that machinery already denying to souls benighted the the fall months the missionary existing might function. Too often an all-church missionary lamp of life? The old hymns education plan has made use of study ignores existing relation- are rich and full. There is still this set-up, displacing the usual ships, doubles administrative a place for them in worship. But loads and loses the automatic in- you need the modern form and activities. clusion of lukewarm persons, words to make responsibilities . Each organization or Sunday quite willing to wor~ witp.in seem vivid, and points of view in their accustomed relatIonshIps, today's missionary task seem school department was given a but not at first interested enough vital. It will stimulate your country or field, in which the to attend extra or unusual gath- missionary group's thinking and foreign and national boards of erings. add much more than just novthe denomination have missions. elty to your meetings to move This assignment was made in Another point to be noted is order that through the fall they that the pastor is familiar with into the field of the new missionmight study it by any means at the needs of the existing groups. ary hymns. their disposal-study books, let- He knows what their program includes. He is able to help sug- Thefollowinghymn (page 144) ters, pictures, etc. gest assignments. which will sup- The church calendar at the end plement their regular activities was written by a Danish man and studies and develop their after the folk school to which he of September listed the 23 as- special abilities. had given hi,s heart's devotion had signments thus made, so that each might know the field of The pastor, too, in most to be closed. It had to be closed their own and the others' studies. churches, is an effective admin- because the government would Africa, Korea, Our Southern istrator. He knows the best not give it the additional aid Mountains, The American Bible channels for publicity. He is usually accorded such schools, on Society-such were the assign- aware of resources. account of his rather liberal ideas. As he agonized over the ments made. As you consider missionary seeming destruction of all he Every Wednesday eve n i n g education in your church, look carefully to the possibility of held dear, there suddenly came groups met for study a?d ~or having your pastor lead the plan- to him a longer view of life. He preparation for a culmmatmg ning and execution of the proj- wrote this hymn, serene in its activity designed so that each ect. It should not mean less faith, rich in its imagery. might share some high points of work for other leaders in the church. But in many cases it Kagawa has "adopted" it an.d their own study with the other will mean a more effective piece it is sung in the meetings of hIS groups and also with those who of all-church work. movement. Cooperative groups use it. It is a good hymn for had not in any way been involved Gain New Strength Through missionary groups in our counin the study. Worship try and elsewhere. What if our This culminating activity took It is a new world we are liv- cause does not go forward as it the form of a three days' exposi- ing in, with new concepts and should? We must look at it with tion turning the whole church new modes of expression. New a longer vision and learn to work into'the "world" and showing re- earnestly even for that which sults of the study by booths, pic- [143 ] may never come to fruition in tures, talks, etc., put on by dif- our life-time. ferent organizations in different parts. of the church. Dse this hymn first as a solo, giving something of its ~ack­ The pastor's place in such a ground as we have given It to plan which involves organiza-

you here. Have it sung very Young People Make Inter- problem connected with this venture simply. Use its music as pre- racial Contacts has been the securing of delegates lude to your devotional. It is an from the non-white and non-native easy tune and will become fa- The following report has some born American groups, for these are miliar very soon. Then, in some points well worth pondering arid almost invariably composed of low inone meeting, take time to learn emulating: come families.

to sing it together. Use it fre- The summer conference for Meth- The young people of one suburban odist young people of Chicago and church felt they would like to help quently thereafter until it is as vicinity has for some years been op- solve this difficulty by raising a fund erated on an inter-racial basis-and to take one or two delegates to the familiar as "From Greenland's that is a story in itself. Through the Institute as their guests. Surveying Icy Mountains." depression years the most difficult the field, they discovered that Ne- groes, Chinese, Filipinos and several That Cause Can neither Be Lost nor Stayed European groups had been repre- sented in previous summers, but never CHRISTIAN OSTBRCAAItD Danish Folk TUI e anyone from the Mexican group. Ac- cordingly, they began to make plans. J q'"lt •••• Ii •• The Mexican Methodist pastor was '"It -=-J .~ contacted and was delighted to coop- erate. The young people decided upon ~ a lawn festival as a first money- 1. That cause can neith – er be lost nor stayed raising device. The Mexican group 2. Each no' – ble serv – ice that men have wrought sent out half a dozen young people 3. There – by it – self like a tree it shows; who played and sang as a feature of the festival. After the last guest had 4. Be then no more by a storm dis -mayed, departed, the local young folks and their Mexican visitors held an im- • ~_ J ~ promptu party which was a delight to all. ~~kIp. Jfi~ :J -z;I" .". 019- "U The Mexicans were auick to invite their new friends to attend their own Whl.ch takes the couI rse of what ":rod bas made; young people's meeting and on a sub- sequent Sunday evening a joint meet- Was first con – ceived as a fruit – luI tho't; ing was planned. A large group went That high it reach -es, as deep it grows; into the crowded quarter of the city where the Mexican church is located. For by it the full-grown seeds are laid; Several of the visiting young people had the novel experience of bringing ogg r IJ r IF- J=t!=J greetings to the young Mexicans .". :6t through an interpreter. After the formal meeting another delightful ~§:j§j~~~~m9~ w~ And is not trust – ing in program of singing, recitations and and tow – ers, instrumental music was staged.

Each wor· thy cause with a fu – ture glo-rio'us The proceeds of the lawn festival were supplemented from other sources AHJ-~ ~f~~f~-E=:~~~t1~"I-;E~J And when the storms are its branch – es shak-ing, and eventually enough was realized And tho' thp. tree by its might it shat-ters, to invite a boy and a girl to attend .. .. tt· the summer conference as guests. These delegates were selected with the ~ aid of the Mexican pastor, and they '- ~ had "the time of their lives." The But slow – ly grow-ing from seeds to Bow -ers. interest generated by this experiment By quiet – Iy grow-ing be -comes vic – to – rious. carried over into the followinl; year It deep – er root in the soil is tak – mg. and there were a number of other ex- What then, if thous-ands of seeds it scat -ters. changes. A major note in the whole •… ~9!90 interprise was an emphasis upon the • '-=" contribution of music and friendship which the Mexican youth were able to Translated from the Danish by ]. A. Aaberg. make, so that there was an absence The song has been used with the permission of of condescension -and superiority on Cooperative Recreation Service the part of the American group.-J. L.

We should like to draw atten- tion to several points. First, the problem to be solved was one of more than local significance. It involved a policy of the confer- ence, that of operating on an inter-racial basis. The young people started out by wishing to do something to help forward that ideal.

Second, the spirit of the proj- ect became theirs in their deter- mination to take as guests those for whom they financially made conference possible. The differ- ence between belonging to an in-

EFFECTIVE WAYS OF WORKING

timate group within the bigger to take them as guests. They did the Reformed Church. The cast ingroup for the Mexican boy and not raise money for them but cluded more than forty people from girl, and that of going on their with them. It was a joint enter- the different participating churches. own, no matter how welcome, is prise. Later there was the fur- Our own church furnished the boys for apparent. The difference be- ther joining with the Mexican the boys' school scene, as well as three tween having as part of their pastor in solving his problem of of the leading characters. More than own group the guests they were feeding and clothing his needy. a thousand people crowded into the responsible for, instead of mak- largest church in town and more than ing casual contact with them The pastor's place in mission- a hundred of them had to stand durfrom "the outside," is equally ary education is one which no ing the two hours of the performance. visable. other person in the church can fill. If he does not fill it, it There are several points· Third, the relationships estab- stands empty-a gap in the forlished opened an avenue for serv- worthy of note. First is the ice through the Mexican pastor, ward movement of the Church heading on the enrollment blanks for the needy among his people. toward the Kingdom of God. -"Jesus in the Life of Today- Instead of the usual, "we help Six Sunday Evenings 'To Learn the Mexicans" (or any other A School of Applied group) these young p e 0 pIe and to Worship.''' A rather joined with Mexican people of Christianity good statement of the mission of like interests and attainments in the church, isn't it? "Jesus in relieving human need known to Too often a school of missions the Life of Today!" And the rethe Mexican pastor. is an isolated effort, for which a lationship of the local church to complete plan of organization that – to learn about it and to There are many young peo- worship in terms of it. ple's groups where one or an- and promotion must be provided. other of these procedures could The inclusion of specific study in Another good point is the cirbe carried out to the great en- a series with other studies avoids richment of their experience and this and helps to put the study culation of enrollment blanks for development of their under- several previous Sundays. That standing of the world mission of of the world mission of the the Church. church into right relationship is, the continuation of the series with other emphases. in the study of studies is taken for granted, The Pastor Guiding Youth and a definite intention of tak- of the local church's program. ing part crystalized into enroll- Are you pastors allying your- Here is a report which shows ment, so that proper provision Are you pastors allying your- for books, etc., might be possible. self closely enough with the lead- the outcome of one such inclusion ership of youth activities in your of the mission study with other This church felt that the use state to be aware of areas where of study books prepared for the real progress can be made by en- studies in a series. listing the youth of your church various classes would have an in something big enough and We came now to the series of serv- advantage over the research type worth while enough to challenge ices which we felt would put our whole of study. That is often the case. their interest? program to its severest test. We in- stituted a series of six Sunday eve- But note the hour in which all This pastor knew the pastors nings which we called "A School of gathered for special things of inof other racial groups. Guidance Applied Christianity." Really it was terest to all. The variety is extoward the Mexican group was a school of missions. Several Sundays possible because he was sure of previously we had circulated enrol- cellent. adequate response there. An ment blanks, headed: "Jesus in the The closing pageant, while it enterprise which falls fiat, be- Life of Today"-Six Sunday evenings cause of difficulties beyond the "To Learn and to Worship." Then did not rise directly out of the power of the group to overcome, followed the dates and program and a study, was a culminating presenis not usually a wise activity to place for signature. We began at tation of the field of the study, undertake. Are you enlarging seven o'clock with five instruction and and was done on a scale worthy your own acquaintance with discussion groups, ranging from of being of value to more than leadership among the nationals junior high school to adult. Each just the groups who had been of our own country so as to have group studied and discussed one of the carrying on the six weeks of good judgment is guiding your current missionary books, either on group toward enriching experi- Japan or on Oriental life in the study. ences? United States. This period was fol- The worth of the closing pag- lowed by a worship service, which fea- This pastor knew the danger tured such things as a stereopticon eant to those who had studied of the development of a superior lecture on Japan, a group of foreign Japan was, of course, greater attitude rising from "doing for" students from a near-by college, an others. He adroitly avoided the address by a returned missionary, an than to the rest of the audience, pitfalls for his group. They did evening of Japanese poetry and song but it had a real message for all. not plan to send some other and movies on missionary work. We young people to conference but were overwhelmed when we discovered And note finally, the provision that the assembled groups filled the auditorium to overflowing. for publicity in the city papers. We deplore the devotion of our The seventh Sun day evening daily papers to murders and brought the climax in the presentation of the pageant-drama: "The Cross scandals. Yet we too often neg- Triumphant," which was written by lect our own responsibility for the missionaries of our own Reformed using the daily papers as a Church in Japan, and tells the story of Japanese family life and how it is channel for letting our city know blessed by the coming of Christianity. of the constructive things which We used authentic Japanese costumes, are being done by the church for provided especially for the pageant by the character – building and the Woman's Missionary Society of Christian education of our people.

A Story for the

By VIOLET WOOD, Missionary Education Movement THE WORLD BEGINS "Why not invite the whole writing while I was speaking?" asked Teacher. ALL OVER AGAIN junior and primary department "It's a prayer for our gardens. "The March wind blew me to bring flowers on Children's May I read it?" asked Mary. Day?" questioned David. right into Sunday school," "Yes, indeed," nod d e d laughed Grace. "When our story time is over Teacher.

"Teacher, where does winter we'll invite the children of the Mary read her prayer, "Fa- other classes," agreed Teacher. ther, we pray thee that every go?" asked John. "This morn- "I am sure the Children's Day little seed we plant will grow service will be the most beauti- into a beautiful flower which we ing there were snowdrops on our may give to the sick, to the poor, ful we have ever had. and to make the church beautiful lawn and mother told me that "Now the story today is about on Children's Day."

means that winter is going." an old man and a young boy. Making Use of This Story The old man had white hair and "I know a lovely Indian story lived in a dark cave. When he Children often feel that they are breathed, the rivers froze and left out of the grown-up world toabout winter and snowdrops," the soft earth grew hard as a wards which they look with great rock; the trees shed their leaves longing. The parent or teacher may smiled the Teacher. and grew stark and bare. When guide the child to a simple apprecia- he shook his white head the snow tion of his part in worship and praise "Let me hear it," said Peter. fell. He had only to wave his the child for his singing in the junior arms and the birds were silenced. choir, and for his part in the seasonal "I am to have a garden of my pageants and church socials. "'I am king over the whole own this spring and when my world. Noone can master me,' Ask the children to find out facts he would cry every night. No about young boys whose interest and flowers come up I shall bring one dared to rebuke him and he love of nature led them to become reigned supreme for man y great scientists. They may look up some snap dragons, sweet peas the following names in their libraries months. at home or at school: and poppies to Sunday school." "But one day, when he Michael Pupin, the shepherd's boy "I'm going to have a garden, breathed, the rivers did not from Serbia who made a great discovery about light and sound too!" cried Mildred. freeze. He puffed with all his waves. might and the trees trembled, "Daddy let me help him put but they did not moan. He Luther Burbank, an American, who shook his head fiercely, but in- became a great naturalist and some dahlias in the ground last stead of snow a gentle rain fell. cultivated new fruits and flowers. He looked around impatiently. fall. He said the snow would Hugh Bentley, a New Englander, "'Yes, King Winter, I have who took the first photographs cover them and keep them come once more,' laughed a of snow drops. merry young boy with twinkling warm," David exclaimed. eyes and golden hair. 'The A,sk the children to look through the world will begin all over again.' Psalms for phrases telling of the "We have a window box with He clapped his hands and green wonder of God's creation, such as Psalm 19: 1-4. hyacinths now. In summer we buds stirred in the trees. He smiled and the sun grew Enough have geraniums," said Julia who brighter. He whistled a long, It is enough; I come. lived in a crowded part of the low note and chirping birds an- Christ's human face, divinely lit, swered him. And God's love shining out from city where there was no room "The old man fled back into it for gardens. his cave; when the bright sun- Have conquered. light touched him he disappeared I come; it is enough. "I bet everybody is going to and where he had stood some Is it enough? I go! beautiful snowdrops. pee p e d His hand points toward the plant some kind of seeds, 'cause through the ground. farthest shore I am, too," nodded Joan. " 'Good-bye, King Winter,' the Where human han d sou t- boy laughed. 'Spring is king "I have a wonderful idea." stretched are begging for now.' " The Christ who conquered – 10, David was so enthusiastic that "I like that story, Teacher," It is enough; I go!

he shouted. "Big people bring said Mary. MARY A. HOLT. Baptist Missionary flowers at Easter time for "I didn't think you were listen- ing, Mary. What have you been Review. church. Why couldn't we bring [ 146] some of our ft.owers on Chil- dren's Day?"

"That's a good idea, David,"

agreed Mildred, "because that would make us care more than ever for our gardens."

"I'd like to bring my ft.owers for church," offered Joan. "I'd weed every morning just to be sure I got extra pretty daisies."

"God loves ft.owers and if we bring them, that would be a good offering, wouldn't it, Teacher?"

asked Julia.

"God gives us seeds and the earth and the sun and rain; he makes the ft.owers grow," Peter chanted. BULLETIN Council of Women for Home Missions EDITED BY MISS EDITH E. LOWRY, 297 FOURTH AVENUE, NEW YORK, N. Y.

Annual Meeting of the Council CO,uncil, secured three new visor in the far West. Mrs. Shotof Women for Home Missions VOIces. Seventy-eight speaking well has a B.A. in Religious engagements were reported for Education and has received her The thirty-first Annual Meet- the year. Material concerning Master's degree in social work. ing of the Council of Women for Council projects was fed to the Her experience in service of mi- Home Missions was held in Bal- denominational press. A volume grants gives her exceptional timore, Maryland, January 7-10. descriptive of the ministry to the qualifications for her new work It was preceded by the meeting families of migratory laborers to which she has come from the of the Executive Committee and has been published entitled, Nevada State Department of by a two-day conference of great "They Starve That We May Public Welfare. Miss Helen importance in the national cap"- Eat." A leaflet "Together" has White, who has acquitted herself ital at which church leaders hav- been distributed outlining the by many summers of service in ing administrative responsibility Council activities. Migrant centers, has been apfor home mission work among pointed to supervisory service in Indians were informed by Mr. Advance p.rogram the Middle West. Miss Lowry John Collier, Commissioner of retains national supervision and Indian Affairs and his associates There is a growing interest in direct contact with the centers in in the Indian Bureau, of the vari- the work among the Migrant the East. ous phases of service which the families. In California, coop~ government is carrying on in be- erative enterprise has been World Day of Prayer half of the Indians. It is hoped initiated, participating organizathat the result of this conference tions being the Ministerial As- Every year a larger number will be reflected on the field in a sociation, church groups, and of places report the observance closer cooperation between mis- civic organizations. To meet the of the World Day of Prayer, sionary forces and government needs of the large camps of Mi- with corresponding increase in workers. grant workers in the west, espe- the use of the program materials cially in California where the and in offerings. In many in- The sessions of the annual groups present a year round ap- stances evening meetings are remeeting proceeded under the peal, a more effective strategy is quested in order that men also genial guidance of the Presi- planned. As rapidly as the may attend. Mrs. Daniel Poling dent, Mrs. Augustus Trow- necessary finances are supplied, reports a new departure in Philbridge. The financial reports it is proposed to provide four adelphia, where Jewish synawere encouraging, all depart- teams, each consisting of a gogues are to be open for prayer ments reporting a balance in the clergyman and his wife with a for the coming of the Kingdom treasury, whose total disburse- public health nurse, whose duty of God and where in an evening ments amounted to $56,63l. it shall be to visit the camps, re- mass meeting Catholics, Jews One-third of this, about $20,000, maining for several weeks or and Protestants will participate. was contributed by the constit- months at a time in order to esuent Boards. The World Day of tablish religious. services and to Christ and the World Commu- Prayer offerings. reached a new provide for health and hygienic nity-at Home high of $15,000 and the dividend safeguards as may be found fixed by agreement with the Mis- necessary. Of these, two shall The general theme chosen for sionary Education Movement, to operate in California, and one the mission study courses of which the entire responsibility each in the states of Oregon and 1939-40 is "Christ and the World for the publication of mission- Washington. The lamented death Community." On the home misary textbooks has this year been during the year of Miss Adela J. sion side it is "Christ and the transferred, realized $5,000. Ballard, whose tireless devotion World Community – at Home." encouraged thousands of migra- The maj or book of this course is The Editorial and Publicity tory people to new life and hope, being written by Dr. Arthur H. Committee has had an unusually left a great gap. She herself Limouze. On the foreign theme, active year. A Speaker's. Insti- pointed to her successor, Mrs. F. "Christ and the World Commutute, conceived as a means of E. Shotwell, who has consented nity Abroad," the author is Basil training women for making pub- to take up the work as super- Mathews. A sec 0 n d book, lic addresses on behalf of the "Women and the Way: Christ [147 ]

and the World's Womanhood," is Missions – met in Washington Election of Officers a symposium in which each of for a two-day conference. Out twelve women contribute a chap- of that conference emerged the The following officers were ter. The usual graded publica- National Committee of Church elected: tions are in process of produc- Women, representing the three tion. above-named organizations and MRS. AUGUSTUS TROWBRIDGE, Presi- for the better cooperation and dent *** coordination of the common in- terests and activities of the three MISS ELINOR K. PURVES, First Vice- Discussion of the liquor traffic organizations. Mrs. E. H. Silver- PJ'esident revealed that missionaries report thorn is Chairman of the Comgrowing problems arising from mittee which has headquarters MRS. KBNNETH D. MILLER, Second intoxication and that the situa- in Room 63, 297 Fourth Avenue, Vice-President tion in Alaska is especially baffling. New York, and four members MRS. J. W. DOWNS, Third Vice- from each of the three cooperat- President *** ing organizations serve with her. MISS DOROTHY A. STEVENS, Secre- The world is one today and "Already the Committee has tary its problems also, for even in made great strides. There are home mission assemblies the four subcommittees carrying on MRS. NORMAN V. PEALE, Treasplight of Spanish war sufferers the work formerly carried urer of Chinese refugees and Jewish jointly by the three organizaexiles makes its appeal and re- tions. The subcommittee"1 are: These are some of the highminds us of our inescapable ob- lights of the first two days of the ligation. "Committee on the World Day annual meeting. Several ses- of Prayer: Miss Margaret Ap- sions were held jointly with the A Decalogue of Peace Home Missions Council for con- plegarth, Chairman. This Com- sideration of such items as Home Upon recommendation of the mittee has pre par e d the Mission Sunday, Government Committee on International Re- and Resettlement Projects, Town lations, the Council voted to programs and other material for and Country, and World Day of limit its relations to peace or- the observance of the Day of Prayer. One of these was a ganizations henceforth to three: Prayer held annually around memorial service paying tribute National Committee on the the world on the first Friday in to Mrs. John S. Allen, Miss Cause and Cure of War, National Lent. The theme for February Adela J. Ballard, Dr. Lemuel Peace Conference and the De- 24,1939, is 'Let Us Put Our Love Call Barnes and Dr. Rivington partment of International Jus- Into Deeds-and Make It Real.' D. Lord, who entered into their tice and Goodwill of the Federal reward during the preceding Council of Churches. The Com- "Committee on May Lunch- year. A notable feature of the mittee also presented a "Church eons: Mrs. Henry Hill Pierce, days was a festive luncheon in Women's Decalogue of Peace," Chairman. This year for the which members of the Council an admirable statement of prin- first time there was a nationciples by Miss Elinor K. Purves, wide ob~ervance of the May Day were invited fa participate with chairman of the committee. It is available upon application to luncheons. In over four hundred the Woman's Interdenominathe editor. different communities women of tional Missionary Union of Bal- all denominations came together timore in the celebration of its National Committee of Church at luncheons for fellowship and Twenty-fifth Anniversary. Women inspiration following the theme of a suggested program, 'Unity The last two days were de- During the year, the coopera- voted to a conference on "Home tion which the Council of Women in Christian Service.' Missions and Social Trends." for Home Missions has been "Committee on International The following topics were precarrying on in an increasing de- sented: "Social Trends in Amergreesince 1927 has culminated Relations: Miss Elinor K. Pur- ica," "Trends toward PeaQantry," in the organization of the Na- "Home Missions and Cooperational Committee of Church ves, Chairman. This Committee tives," "Social Trends as Related Women, whose constitution and unites the church women in in- to Women and Children," "Relipurpose are best described in the telligent work for peace, pro- gious. Trends Among Underfollowing official statement: privileged People," "T r end s "Immediately following the An- motes attendance at the Cause among Lan g u age Groups," nual Meeting 1938, a committee and Cure of War Conference an- "Church Buildings and Equipof representatives from the three nually, and issues news letters ment." The proceedings of these cooperating women's organiza- from time to time covering in- two days may be secured from tions – the Foreign Missions terests in the field of public the Home Missions Councils at Con fer en c e (Committee on affairs. twenty-five cents each. They Women's Work), the National provide an unanswerable argu- Council of Church Women, and "Committee on 'Churr~ Wom- ment for the importance and the Council of Women for Home an': Mrs. J. N. McEachern, magnitude of the Home Mission Chairman. The Church Woman enterprise and the value of the is a magazine published monthly cooperative adventure exempli- fied in the Home Missions Coun- by the National Committee of cils. Church Women reflecting edi- torially the activities of the Story of the annual meeting was written women composing its member- by Mrs. Orrin R. Judd, a member of the ship." Administrative Committee.

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~ OufM:y~r~~;sp';!~:cu~t~:~ok .If EDITED BY MRS. HENRIETTA H. FERGUSON, XENIA, OHIO ~'=-==============================~~~ LATIN AMERICA crowds cannot all get inside on The following week, the mission- New Call to Evangelize special occasions. aries were given three months'

This group of believers does notice to vacate the building In view of the recent Pan- not wait for a missionary to lead where they held meetings; American Congress in Lima, them; they go, alone or two by whereupon believers launched a Peru, the purpose of which was two, while those who stay at program to build their own to strengthen the foundations of home look after the farms. Over church, and a site has been pur- democratic government, we note mountain trails these witnesses chased as the first step.

that the missionary opportuni- tramp to take the Gospel where ties in Brazil are of vital concern Ghrist is not known. Their ef- The Gospel by Radio to every Christian and to every forts have led to the establish- There have been occasional at- ment of another group of bap- tempts to radio a Gospel mes- American. Forces that are hold- tized believers; Christian schools ing large areas of the world in sage in Brazil, but only recently has this been done in a systemspiritual bondage, not content have been established, with na- atic way. In Rio de Janeiro with domination in their own tive teachers. Young men and lands, have turned "missionary women are being prepared for every Sunday night at ten o'clock every Brazilian who has and messianic." The phrase the Bible Institute and for more a radio can now hear the Chrisheard so often at Lima: "One effective service. The adminisfor all, all for one" can best be tration and spiritual oversight of brought about by spiritual unity the church is with the local com- tian message. In many places where there is no church there among the nations. We shall be mittee, and capable men they are radios, and it is an interestwell on the way to make the are. Their leader is a man of western hemisphere Christian God, loves the Word, and knows ing development that in some communities the principal famwhen we evangelize the "land of how to preach it. ilies have opened their houses on the Southern Cross." Sunday nights. for the conven- A Suffering Church ience of those who do not have There is no lack of churches radios, thus bringing about the in Latin America, and symbols The Peruvian Evangelical hearing of the Gospel by cultured of Christianity are much in evi- Church is hated by the pagan people, who would not ordinarily dence; rites and ceremonies are world and persecuted by Roman- be reached. In the capital it has practiced everywhere, but these ists. Not long ago a Catholic been noted that in many coff·ee have taken the place of true Congress was held in Cuzco, houses where men were lounging spiritual Christianity. In Brazil when opportunity was used to about, drinking and playing pool, the government of President bring everybody under control of all grew quiet when the hymns Vargas is liberal, leaving the the papacy. All the school chil- began, and men took off their doors open for evangelical work. dren were marched from their hats on hearing the Scriptures Wherever such work is being schools and compelled to attend read. -Watchman-Examiner. carried on, remarkable results the confessional. This was a have followed. terrific test for evangelical chil- The Mennonites in Argentina dren, as they were sure to be -Christian Observer. failed in their studies if they did Mennonite missionaries have not conform. The decorations, Indigenous Church in Colombia Far in the interior of the Cor- parades and enthusiasm of this been at work in the Argentine dilleras range is a mountainous the oldest city of South America Republic for twenty years, ocdistrict of Colombia called Cam- made it plain that after thirty- cupying stations on the Western pohermoso, a coffee-growing re- five years of evangelical witness Railway line of the Province of gion. Some years ago a land the city is far from being evan- Buenos Aires. During these years they have seen their efforts owner was touched by the Gos- gelized. pel, and through his testimony a A cardinal sent from Rome bear fruit, and they now occupy group of believers organized, for the occasion urged the Cath- 27 stations, all under the superelected a board of five men and olics over the radio to run every vision of two bishops, eight mismighty results have followed. evangelical out of the city. He sionaries and their wives, five The church building has twice told them they had the power, national workers and their been enlarged, but still the and it was up to them to do so. wives, a number of Bible women [149 ]

and Bible coach workers. They will have nothing to do with mili- "The exercise of religions in Alhave an orphanage, their own tary service. Something in the bania is free; but proselytising printing pre s s, kindergarten nature of "pure democracy" ac- propaganda is forbidden by law schools in most of the big towns, cording to the Greek plan is and such cannot be tolerated, beand a clinic. Their membership maintained, for important prob- cause it creates divisions and reaches about 520, but in com- lems are settled by discussion in disharmony among the religious mon with other missionary which the whole community elements." The choice of relibodies they are feeling the ef- takes part. gion, therefore, is not purely a fects of increased opposition. personal matter of religious con- -Christian Advocate. viction, the State intervenes on -South America. the ground that a change of re- Churches Still Grow ligion is detrimental to the in- EUROPE in Germany terests of the State.

Totalitarian Youth Movements Dr. Henry Smith Leiper pre- Baptists in Rumania dicts that worse things are still Addressing a men's meeting ahead not only.for the Jews but High ecclesiastic authorities in Leeds, England, the Arch- for the churches. Wholesale in Rumania have chosen the time bishop of York predicted that mass killings are possible in the when the world is watching, the hate motive behind youth near future. Confiscation of with strained attention, the movements in totalitarian coun- Catholic properties will be fol- working out of other minority tries would ultimately destroy lowed by similar action with re- problems to snuff out religious tho.se movements. Said he: gard to Protestant properties minorities in their country; and where there has been any opposi- the latest restrictions impo.sed "No fellowship, no community tion-vocal or otherwise-to the upon Baptists will probably close o.f interest of that sort can sur- Nazi program. In spite of all every Baptist meeting place vive for long, and soon all the this, aNew York Times corre- when (and if) the decree behatred, pugnacity, and ill will spo.ndent reports that 5470 of the comes effective on December 15. which you have used and di- population still belongs to the rected against the enemy will Protestant Church, and the per- The larger Protestant groups, show itself inside the fellowship centage is on the increase. More Lutheran and Reformed, have itself and break it up." suffered much in the expropria- than 95 % of all children born to tion of property and in interfer- Another "Brook Farm" ence with their schools, but they Protestant parents are still be- have had the advantage of a As long ago as 1936, a group recognized legal status, as the of earnest German Christians ing baptized; 90 % of those dy- Baptists have not. fled from Nazidom, went to England and established a colony ing are still buried with Chris.. -The Christian Century. which has become a model for tian ceremonies; and 8070 of Britons in the vicinity. There are those marrying – from among Bible Distribution in now forty families in fhe Cots- Protestants-avail themselves of Old Austria wold "Bruderhof." They own the church's blessing. Corre- 211 acres and rent 100 more. A sponding figures for the Catholic "God recompense you!" are hundred acres is under cultiva- churches are even higher. Also, words often heard by the mistion, eleven are in kitchen gar- according to the same source, sionary who travels among the dens, and the remainder is held Confessional churchmen who isolated hamlets, mountain vilfor use in growing fo.od for the prayed for peace during the Sep- lages and cottages of Austria. stock. German industry has tember crisis, and were punished Perhaps it is to avoid Nazi demade the project prosperous. In therefor are nevertheless pray- struction of his work that a colorganization the colony is some- ing for all who are being perse- porteur of the Scripture Gift what like America's Brook cuted and confessing the sins of Mission does not identify the Farm. All goods are held in the German people. little town where his visit is decommon. The women work in scribed as follows: the communal laundry, do the Juggling Words in Albania gardening and instruct the chil- The lonely folk living in these dren. The men till the soil Officially, and theoretically, isolated places of the world, at a (there is a provision that farm- Albania has religious freedom. height of between 4,000 and 6,000 feet ing shall be the means of earn- An individual is free to follow above sea level, were delighted as I ing a livelihood), and carryon the religion of his choice-it is talked with them of the things of God. the vario.us crafts that make the purely a personal matter. Four At every cottage I experienced a warm community self-sufficient. There men who believed this, became welcome, and as -soon as I arrived in is a community dining room Christians and were arrested, one of these mountain cottages, chilwhere all meals are eaten. Re- taken to the capitol under dren and parents gazed with admiraligion is prominent in the life of armed guard, confined to prison tion and were eager to get the Scripthe colony. The Pro.testant the- for ten days, followed by two tures. Some of the shepherds are ology is that accepted, but the months close police supervision. really eager to know the teaching of people refuse to. take oaths and An official communication sent the Scriptures, and I had opportunity to the missionaries who had of giving Gospels to some who were taught these converts runs thus: seeking their lost goats, and to others who were watching their cows on the

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

hillside. Old women on the wayside chists and school teachers in dif. agitate for a re-housing project and farmers engaged in the fields, do- ferent parts of the country come to eliminate slums, and made a ing their last work before the snow from Nnewi, and this year, for start on private funds. Since starts, were all pleased to receive the first time, a native of the then 3,000 modern, brick homes God's Word. town was among those ordained. have been constructed. Almost all are cottages, because the All the houses I have visited in this -Life of Faith. South African prefers them to distant valley have not had the Gospel apartments. hitherto. I have left Gospels in al- Advance in Tanganyika most every house, and for the first In the fight against strongtime I have been able to sell some, for The colony of Tanganyika has drink, the present goals include: the people are very eager to obtain been brought into the limelight To stop wine rations to farm booklets in these high regions where since the crisis in Europe, last laborers; to prohibit sales to nareading matter is very rare. September. It was one of the tive Negroes; to restrict sale territories handed to Great Brit- hours; to control bottle sales to AFRICA ain by the League of Nations at non-native colored people; and the close of the World War, on permit local option. Since wom- Work of the A. I. M. the understanding that the wel- en have had suffrage for only fare of the inhabitants should be seven years, it is not yet known The Africa Inland Mission is uppermost. The Mandates Com- what effect their votes will have in direct touch each week with mission at Geneva last year made upon the liquor evil. at least 500,000 people, out of the comment on the excellent work 2,000,000 for whom it has under- done there by the British Gov- Christian Council of taken responsibility. During the ernment, in which the Church South Africa past year, 10,000 Africans in Missionary Society had no small this area have professed their share. There has been close co- This recently organized group faith in Christ. The number of operation between government is one of the latest links in the native teachers and evangelists and missions; the number of world chain of cooperative counhas increased from 2,000 to Christian schools has been in- cils, affiliated with the Interna- 2,400; and at least 100 Christian creased, there are child welfare tional Missionary Council. It weddings have taken place. This centers and two well established has just published the "Christian last fact has real significance in hospitals; and more and more Handbook of South Africa," in a land where polygamy is almost responsibility for the main- which, for the first time, an atuniversal. tenance of the Church is being tempt is made to classify the borne by the Africans them- many activities of the churches A Moslem advance and a for- selves. and missions in South Africa, ward movement of communism and the Protectorates. Some make the situation there an It is doubtful whether any 1,300 institutions and organizaurgent one. -Life of Faith. country presents such complexi- tions, and about 3,500 Christian ties in life as Tanganyika. There workers are listed in the Hand- Progress in lbo-land are no national distinctions, and book, which includes the work German, Dutch, French, Greek of the Roman Catholic Church. The recent dedication of a and Italian are, with British set- It is hoped that this information new church at Nnewi, native tlers and officials, found in will serve to give a true view of lbo-land town of about 6,000 in- closest contact with Indians, the activities of the Church, and habitants, furnishes a striking il- Arabs and Africans. To plunge of the unfinished task in South lustration of growth made by the them now into a political up- Africa. Copies may be ordered Church Missionary Society. The heaval would be most unfair to from the World Dominion Press, first effort to gain a footing there the native races, and a breach of price 4/6 postpaid. was made thirty-four years ago. faith as well. Considerable danger was en- Madagascar's Last Queen countered, but once the people -C. M. S. Outlook. agreed to accept a teacher steady The remains of Ranavalona advance has continued. There Problems in Capetown III, Madagascar's last queen, are now four large permanent exiled in 1897, were brought churches, built of cement blocks Slums, intemperance and back to her island domain last and well furnished, in different marijuana are three basic prob- October from Algiers, where she quarters of the town; the one lems that must be dealt with in died in 1921. In bringing back which was recently dedicated is South Africa as well as else- her body, the French governcapable of holding over 1,000 where, although juvenile delin- ment has made a gesture that people, as are all the other three. quency does not bulk so large as has touched the heart of Mala- There is a central school in the in the United States. Mrs. gasy people, in whose opinion to town with about 500 scholars Muriel Jones, of Capetown, be buried away from home is to and twenty teachers, all Afri- South Africa, President of the lie uneasy and neglected. cans, and three "feeder" schools National Council of Women, is of about 100 children in each. in the United States studying Most of the present generation these questions. Ten years ago never saw their queen. Eleven All ordinary parish activities she and three others began to are to be found, including weekly prayer meetings, women's guild, Scripture Union, and Boy Scouts. Large numbers of cate-

years before she came to the Balkan Entente, the four-power book. After reserving enough throne she was baptized in the pact toward the East, and a for necessary bills, she was able church at Ambohimanga. She sturdy policy of friendship with to buy a few books which she attended high school like any the European countries. The de- listed and numbered. She then other young girl, except that she velopment of industries also has offered to pay the postage on the had a slave to carry her books. contributed largely toward eco- little periodical "Messenger of Her Protestantism was sorely nomic stability. The title of Truth" if the workers would sub- tried when, at the time of the Atatiirk was conferred on him scribe, which they did. She French conquest, came the Ro- November 26, 1934. This corre- writes in Woman' s Missionary man Catholics, as in the case of sponds very nearly to "Father of Friend: his Country." Ethiopia years later. It was As time went by I was able now openly declared that to be a Prot- Solve This Problem estant was to be a traitor to and then by a slight margin in the Religious liberty means differ- work funds, or my tithe, or a personal France. ent things in diff·erent places. A gift, to increase the number until now The queen stood firm all prominent official in Damascus we have in the Telugu 171 books for through her exile in Algiers. adults ,and 251 for children; and 78 in the Kanarese language. . . .

Her body now lies beside Rana- recently made the following pro- We make charts; write the names valona I, the persecuting queen of our workers with the books they who, for a quarter of a century, nouncement on the subject: have read and those they have had kept all the missionaries out of "Yes, we believe in religious lib- read in their villages. Comparisons erty, but we Moslems are not ex- are made and all can see who are the her country and wa.ged cruel war ercising our full liberty. The readers. . . . against Christian subjects. To- In the last six months in my two day, Protestant and Catholic Moslem religion teaches that an church members form one-third apostate must be destroyed, and districts, thirty-six workers have read we are not practicing religious 295 books, thirty-four school children have read 49, and fifty-four village of the population of three and a liberty in that regard." An- people have read 114. At the present half millions. A recent proposal time there are 220 books out in the is to make Madagascar a na- other Moslem official in north district being read. Syria recently advanced the thetional home for persecuted Jews of Europe. ory that it was proper for a Jew Against Polygamy WESTERN ASIA to turn Christian, or for a Chris- A bill to make polygamy il- tian to turn Moslem, for in each legal in India has the support of Atatlirk-"Father of His case the change would be a step the All-India Women's Confer- Oountry" upward and forward. But since ence, and various provincial Christianity was an improve- women's groups as well. For It is worth while to note the many years, protests against difference between the Turkish ment on Judaism and Islam an polygamy have been issued by dictator and the former dicta- advance on Christianity, it could women's conferences, and advotors of Europe in that Kemal not be tolerated that a man cating social boycott for those would go backward to Christi- anity. There is no constitutionknew how to accomplish things al way in the Syrian state where- who persist in plural marriages. by legal methods, instead of re- by a person may legally change There seems little doubt but that sorting to force or personal de- his registration from Moslem to the educated women of India are cree. The world acknowledges Christian. of one mind in demanding this with wonder the long list of his A change from Islam to Chris- reform. achievements of the past fifteen tianity is legally possible in Leb- The men of India, however, years. He rescued his country anon, but is beset with difficul- are not very enthusiastic in their from reactionary Moslem forces ties. After the application is support of this reform. They are by separating religion and the made, a public hearing is held at inclined rather to be silent or to state; the caliphate, religious court. Representatives both of resort to jesting in their refercourts, dervish orders were all the faith he is renouncing and ences to it. An editorial appearabolished, and the secular power that which he is confessing are ing in a leading paper in Northconsolidated. The list of bene- permitted to be present and to ern India says: "When a man ficial reforms includes compul- use their influence. It is easy marries two or more wives, sory education, purification of to see why converts are so few. surely there is no need to punish the language, adoption of family -Foreign Affairs Bulletin. him by law." names, reform of the calendar, the alphabet and the metric sys- INDIA, BURMA, SIAM However, the question is not tern; the reorganization of the regarding the punishment that legal system, founding the Uni- Importance of Literature comes to the men in polygamous marriages, but to the women. versity at Angora and the mod- A missionary of Tandur saw ernization of the one at Stam- the need for reading material not -Indian Witness.

boul. Perhaps his greatest con- only for children and adult con- New Bible House tribution to his time was his verts but for village workers as steady cultivation of friendly re- well; and consulted a catalogue A new Bible House has been lations with all the neighbors. of of the Christian Literature So- erected in the heart of the busi- Turkey, the establishment of the ciety, then the state of her pocket ness district of Secunderabad,

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

and fills a long felt need in the two other buildings collapsed made more classrooms available. State of Hyderabad. It houses with the weight of the crowds in The aim is to build more such both the British and Foreign attendance, evidence of the in- homes, not only to offer home Bible Society stock and display terest aroused. training to all the students, but rooms, and the Christian Litera- No statistics can measure the to release the whole main buildture Society depot. The large value of this work. When the ing for classrooms and chapel. assemblage of people present at general evangelist for this field -Siam Outlook. the formal opening found the made a tour of 171 non-Chris- Bible attractively displayed in its tian villages, ninety of them various languages. The local asked for Christian teachers. OHINA Society has to date furnished "Give us some one to show us The Old Order Changes Bibles or portions in fifteen how to live," they said, and "we A writer in China's Millions different languages. In the ad- will follow Christ." While less shows how present forces are joining rooms the Christian Lit- than fifty adults have been won changing all of China. (1) Poerature Society displayed its fine to Christ by these young people litically: no longer do local war assortment of literature and from Bassein, many lives have lords desolate the country with pictures. been influenced and some vil- the sole purpose of gaining per- lages have one Christian family, sonal power. Petty quarrels are The annual meeting of the and others two families or more forgotten in united allegiance to Bible Society followed the dedi- to set an example for their Chiang Ka.i-Shek. (2) Geocation. It was announced that neighbors. In the village of graphically: whereas there were the Bible Society of Bristol, Eng- no motor roads in the interior a land, was largely responsible for Impala there are nearly sixty few years ago, there are now the funds which made possible who are about ready to give up roads in all directions, linking the. new Bible House. their heathen customs and follow the provinces and making travel the Christian way of life. -The Indian Witness. and shipment of goods less la- Training at Dara Academy, . borious. (3) Socially: the in- Ohristian Oolleges in India Siam flux from the coastal areas to the The extent of Christian educa': tion in India, under Protestant The training offered to girls in interior, the migration of univermissionary auspices, is indicated mission lands must prepare them sities and their faculty and stuby the fact that the missionary to meet real problems; to imagencies conduct 38 colleges, in- prove their home conditions and dents cannot but affect the social cluding five theological schools help neighbors do the same. life, and (4) there is also a spirin seyen provinces. These insti- But the environment at school is itual change. "They that were tutions have on their staffs 339 so different from what the girls scattered abroad went every- Indian Christian teachers and have been accustomed to, and the where preaching the Word," is 412 non-Christians, in addition dormitory so unlike the little being fulfilled in China, and not to 181 foreign teachers. The bamboo houses they live in that only winning new converts but strengthening weak Christians.

resident Indian students number not all their training can be ap- As to the Christian Colleges 4,685, of whom 1,599 are Chris- plied. Realizing this, Dam tians; there are also 13,741 non- Academy at Chiengmai started a Through all the hardships of resident students, of whom 824 project about four years ago in warfare, the 12 American-sup- a little bamboo house on the ported colleges in China continue are Christians. campus. It is simply furnished, to teach the principles of Chris- Young People's Evangelism in keeping with what the girls tianity and democracy. Only in Burma have in their own homes, and is two, however, are conducting all used as a practice home. Now their work on their own cam- A native evangelist of the two more frame houses have puses; Yenching and West China Burma Baptist Mission person- been added, each home being in Union University. Of the ten ally raised funds to send young charge of a Siamese teacher who which have had to move, six people from the Karen Theo- lives there. The girls do all the have been able to remain near logical Seminary and the Wom- housework and laundry. Nor is their original sites, and thus to an's Bible School to work among religious life neglected. Family continue serving the areas from needy villagers. Beginning in prayers are held in each house- which their students are nor- 1936, the number of volunteers hold every evening. mally drawn. The remaining has increased each year. The The teachers choose which four have moved far into "Free first task was to make friends girls are to live in the practice China," where the problems of with Buddhist Karens and ani- homes, and each group remains travel for their normal student mists. Daily Vacation Bible all year. The project is too new bodies and of finding satisfac- Schools were conducted, and last for one to judge results, but tory accommodations are both year there were fifteen such there can be little doubt of the very serious.

schools, with a total enrolment value of the plan. Aside from Efforts are being made in of 375. Two of the schools were any other advantages, the build- every instance to retain posses- held in Buddhist monasteries; ing of these practice homes has sion of property. Those not now

being used for educational pur- killed, but still they can yield no cause so many refugees from poses are, under supervision of money. other places are in Shanghai resident Americans being used nearly every parish and mission for the relief and protection of Japanese fired 110 shells, by actual was represented. Many of the war victims. count, costing hundreds of dollars, on women are homeless and, as a Chinese fort where there were refugees, are SUbsisting on a With 54 of the 114 Chinese neither Chinese soldiers nor guns. minimum of food and clothing; Government universities de- With the Chinese gone, little customs yet they met to plan, and carry stroyed or closed by the war, income, it is the Japanese people who forward the work of the Church. many of their students are turn- pay. On the other hand, in "free" ing to the American Colleges, all China the trade balance is in China's The annual offering, by some of which are cooperating closely favor. Competent observers say that miracle, amounted to over $1,500 with the Government and its her reserves far exceed those of Japan. Chinese currency. The women agencies. The most urgent prob- make yearly appropriations to a lem is that of financial support, -Christian Advocate. wide range of objects, including and emergency funds to the the Chinese missionary district amount of $330,000 are being 'War's Effect on the Churches of Shensi, the diocesan mission sought. board, endowed hospital beds, Mr. H. Witt, writing in "The the Chinese Churchman, dio- Destruction in China Bible for China," says that the cesan conference, and $25 to the .problem of local churches due to American Woman's Auxiliary It is difficult to picture the war conditions has two aspects; triennial. amount of destruction that has one, the breaking up of churches been going on in China during when flight becomes necessary, -The Living Church. the past eighteen months, since and the other the arrival of the Japanese began their cam- Christians from other parts of Envelopes with Christian paign. Bombs, arson and raids China who, however, do not come Message have destroyed hundreds of to stay but move on again after thousands of lives and have laid a comparatively short time, tak- It occurred to Archdeacon low thousands of buildings and ing part in the "trek" to the Donnithorne, of the C. M. S., equipment that have cost millions West which ultimately will give that the backs of business enveof dollars and years of labor. rest and safety to 300 millions of lopes might carry a Christian One missionary society alone refugees. This situation has its message. He now uses such en- (The Methodist Church, South) value in the opportunities af- velopes for all his business correports property looted, damaged forded to preach to outsiders. respondence in China. At the or destroyed in Shanghai, Nan- There are weeks of evangelistic upper right corner is a picture of siang, Taichang, Changsu, Sun- meetings when most of the audi- Chiang Kai-shek, and under it kiang, Changchow, Huchow and ence is made up of students and his testimony: Soochow. It is a repeated story officials, some with their fam- – buildings occupied without ilies, who are willing to come out I have now been a Christian for permission, looted, stripped of definitely for Christ. Soon they nearly ten years, and during that time wood-work, bombed or burned. are gone and another type of I have been a constant reader of the Nevertheless, the lives of the people take their place. Bible.' Never before was this sacred missionaries have been spared, Book so interesting to me as during the morale of Chinese Christians Another feature of the situa- my two weeks' captivity in Sian. . . . is unbroken and the work is go- tion is that pastors, evangelists The greatness and love of Christ burst ing on with marked success. and Bible women who have lost upon me with a new inspiration, in- their positions offer to work in creasing my strength to struggle Why Still Confident some new locality, a factor that against evil, to overcome temptation sometimes produces an unstable and to uphold righteousness. A missionary attests the truth element in the work. But the of General Chiang's statement: simple testimony of Christian At the upper left is a state- "Japan has lost the war. China refugees who will faithfully wit- ment about the "New Life Movehas not yet won it"; and gives ness to the Lord, wherever they ment"; at the bottom, an emthe following illustration to go, will undoubtedly make a deep phasis on being "born again"; prove it. impression upon their people and at the right of this are the and there, too, much seed will be words: "To support General I visited Amoy and saw on the Bund, sown on fertile ground-for it is Chiang you ought also to be a the formerly active waterfront, only far more fertile than ever before Christian !" three Chinese. Of course there were – which will sometime bear many Japanese soldiers on guard, and fruit. -C. M. S. Outlook. a tank running up and down the street. The Chinese had all left. Chinese Women's League Japanese Occupy Hainan Japan is left holding an empty city. There are no people to tax, no busi- The Chinese equivalent of the On February 10 the Japaness from which to secure income. Women's Auxiliary, in the dio- nese army landed military forces Folks with money and the middle cese of Shanghai, held a business on Hainan, the Chinese island off classes have moved on. Only the poor session recently for the first time the coast of French Indo-China. are left. They may lie tortured, finally in two years. Only the Shanghai This large island is of vital im- churches were able to send their portance to French Indo-China, full quota of delegates, but be- to the Chinese Government, to Great Britain and to the Japa-

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

nese, on account of its strategic practically impossible for for- Life of Christ. Japan can't win. p 0 sit ion. The Presbyterian eign physicians in Manchukuo, Nobody can. If the war goes on, Church in the U. S. A. has four missionary or otherwise, to ac- it will end in the collapse of both main mission stations on this cept Japanese, Korean or Man- countries. Some way must be island – at Nodoa, Kiungchow, churian patients. found to bring it to an end be- Kachek, Hoihow – with 24 mis- fore exhaustion comes." sionaries. It is a large and im- A religious law, just promulportant work. Several times the gated, forces Buddhists, Confu- He was asked whether the island has been bombed by Jap- cianish:;, Christians and even time had come for Christian peo~ anese airplanes and mission Shintoists to obtain permission pIe to prepare the way for peace, property has, been damaged. It for their activities, and demands and replied: "Not yet. Just is not yet known whether the a written statement of their aims now it would serve no good purmissionaries will be permitted to and methods. pose, and might do harm. Let remain and continue their work the Christians on both sides pray during the military occupation United States and British mis- without ceasing. The day of of the island. sionaries, driven from Korea by peace will come when it is least a similar law and having fol- expected." "Born Again" in Hainan lowed large groups of Korean colonies into Manchukuo, believe Love in Scavenger Town About two years ago, the that their activities will soon be church buildings at Nodoa were impossible. Imagine a community of subject to constant depredation 25,000 people, living in wretched at the hands of a gang of ruffians -New York Times. shacks made of every conceivbetween 14 and 16 years old. able kind of refuse, crowded There were broken windows, JAPAN-CHOSEN along alleys reeking with sewage ruined trees, rubbish in the door smells, with children and mothways. Some of these boys had "Exceptional Christians" ers doing piecework in the hov-· been in the Sunday school, and els, with diseased bodies and one belonged to a Christian fam- A Christian week-day school crippled minds hovering in the ily. Last fall, three Christian of religion with 750 voluntary alleys, with undernourished tots young people started an evening attendants is news anywhere, weaving in and out among the Bible class in the home of one of and such a school is in operation shacks, with images of superstithem, and gathered in street in the conservative city of Tsu, tion at every turn of the path, children to teach them hymns Japan. Small children, dismissed and all of this laid down in a and Bible stories. The gang from public school earlier than swamp hole that might be flooded stood outside the door at first, the older ones, come first; the feet deep when the rains came. then went in and finally took older children come an hour or Here you have a picture of part. Then followed a week of so later. "Scavenger Town" in East evangelistic meeting~ in the Tokyo, where eight hundred church in which the theme was One of the government teach- families live, well watched by "Ye must be born again." Every ers remarked that most of the Tokyo police. The hovels were member of the gang responded, best pupils of the school were en- thrown together after the earthand now the group is always at rolled in the classes in religion, quake in 1923, for unfortunate church, keep up regular Bible and added: "I don't know paupers, many of them with study and go on evangelistic whether they go to the Christian criminal records. Recent events trips to villages. classes because they are excep- have tended to increase the pop- tional or whether they're excep- ulation. Physicians Hampered in tional because they go to those Manchukuo classes." But all is not dark there. Within the settlement is a Japan's hand is seen in the in- The school of religion has been cleared space, a playground and creasing restrictions e x per i- conducted for the past 13 years. several clean modern buildings. enced by foreigners in Manchu- Missionaries in Tsu believe that This is the Ai Kei Gakuen – "a kuo. When a Korean woman a large part of the good will to- Garden Radiating Love and patient of a British doctor died ward Christianity in their neigh- Blessing," the work of a missionafter an operation, two Japanese borhood is due to this project. ary of The Woman's Missionary lawyers induced the family to Society of the Methodist Episswear out a complaint, and the -Monday Morning. copal Church, Miss Mildred A. doctor was arrested on a charge Paine, graduate of Oberlin Colof manslaughter. After a fort- Kagawa Writing a Life lege. For more than eight years night's detention in a native jail of Christ she has given her life to the servthe doctor was released upon ice of the children of "Scavenger payment of a large sum to the The Japanese are a reading Town," and has drawn around family. people, and will read anything her a corps of well-trained J ap- Kagawa writes. He is now writ- anese young women, devoted to Such precedent, despite Brit- ing a "Life of Christ" in fiction the needs of the boys and girls. ain's strong protest, makes it form. Dnyanodaya reports him President Yoshimune Abe, of as saying: "We Japanese are miserable about the war. What Japan needs is redemption and remission of her sins, and I have just come to that chapter in my

Aoyama Gakuin, Tokyo, is presi- astrous for them. There are New Britain Dictionaries only about 7,000 Japanese in dent of the trustees and the work these islands, but a victory for Members of the Young Womhas the support of the Tokyo the forces of the "son of heaven" en's Missionary Movement in Methodist Social Service Federa- would mean trade pentration. Australia achieved a remarkable tion and Japanese and American Japan sells more goods there feat and made a great contribu- Christian leaders. than Holland, cutting prices with tion to Christian work in New the natives. In outlying districts, Britain when they typed out six -Christian Advocate. they are beginning to take up dictionaries for the better equip- the farms; in the mines they ment of missionaries. To type a The Challenge in Korea have $222,500,000 invested. book of 900 pages seems a monu- mental undertaking, but when it An outstanding Korean pas- There is a compact colony of is a dictionary and grammar in tor thus describes the change Japanese in Davao, and Japanese a foreign language it is a very that has come about in Korea exacting task. It was all done within the last three or four concessions in Surinam; the by voluntary workers, and when years: center of their pearl fishing fleet completed the books were bound is in the Aru Islands. If the J ap- with special tropical inSUlation. "The Korean Church has en- anese pursue their notion of desjoyed fifty years of religious tiny, and should oust the British Report from the Philippines freedom. It now seems to be from Singapore, Netherland Instarting on a fifty-year period of dies folk would expect their rubpersecution." It is demanded of all citizens of the Japanese em- ber, sugar, tea, coffee, petroleum Lucena Church is the largest pire that they show their patriot- and most progressive in the ism, not only by swearing alle- and tin all to go to Japan. province of Tayabas. Dr. C. N. giance to the same emperor and Magill, Presbyterian missionary by saluting the same flag, but Should the Chinese win, the who has been in the Philippines also by worshiping the same result would be equally unde- for thirty years, reports that adgods. Those citizens who refuse sirable to them, for the Chinese vance has been made during the to worship the mythological gods past year, in spite of difficulties. of Japan endanger their oppor- outnumber the Islanders seven to Loyalty, perseverance and dilitunities for education, their jobs one. The fear is that they would gence have characterized the with the government, their embark upon the same kind of little struggling churches in that rights as citizens, and even their province, none of which have lives. nationalistic fervor for raw ma- any wealthy members. When terials as the Japanese. Thus, Dr. Magill was asked what were "Daily, Christians are coming the Far Easterners follow the example of the West. -Christian Advocate.

to the missionaries for advice Bible Circles in Java the principle crops of Tayabas, and comfort. They have been he replied: "Coconuts and chilthreatened, b eat e n, deceived. Javanese young people have dren," adding that while coco- The ear of the missionary is the organized "Circles of Five," to nuts were worth only 25 % of the only safe place to tell their meet and read the Bible, under price received 10 years ago, chiltroubles. It is a time when fam- one of their number 'as leader in dren were worth much more ilies are divided because of the the higher classes of elementary than they were then, for they are Gospel. One can no longer trust schools and of secondary schools. building character. the non-Christian members of Each circle becomes a sort of Spirituality and benevolence his family. No longer can union of secrecy and fidelity of go hand in hand everywhere. In brother trust brother. Secrets uncommon strength, marked by Lucena Church, sacrificial givhave such a strange way of personal devotion. Attendance ing has made possible a full-time reaching the ear of the police- at the weekly meetings is· con- pastor and three women workman." sidered a sacred duty, not to be ers, with all bills paid and a sub- Missionaries are hampered, missed. Printed outlines of Bi- stantial balance on hand. Bebut not harmed; they are fol- ble study are sent in advance to sides regular services, about 400 lowed by spies, but their words each circle, to be discussed at the persons hear the Gospel at six are not muzzled, and they can meeting. Coordination is se- different Sunday schools. Weekly cured by monthly meetings of services are maintained in two still tell "the old, old story." leaders, mostly girls and boys villages. There are only five or- -Christian Observer. under twenty. dained Filipino pastors in the The number five was chosen province, so that much of the ISLANDS OF THE PACIFIC because in Java it is a sacred activity must be done by lay number, expressing completion. workers. Twenty-four trained Rulers and Ruled in the Five is the number of the fingers women have a large part in Dutch Indies and expresses unity. Five was building up the churches. Church An "undeclared peace" would the number of the prayer circle sessions are usually half women please the people of the Nether- in Antioch from which the Holy and half men. lands Indies, for they feel that Spirit selected and commissioned A large amount of literature, victory by either side in the Sino- Paul and Barnabas. both English and Tagalog, has Japanese struggle would be dis- -World Dominion Press. been distributed. One publish-

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

ing house in the United States cedure which has the following sible effort to ensure accuracy of sent surplus material that has five points: these figures. The report shows been most useful. They include that the membership of the beginners' stories, quarterlies, 1. Every member of the Communist churches in the United States incharts and picture cards. The Party belongs to a neighborhood creased twice as fast as the pop- Scripture Gift Mission of Lon- branch, a factory or shop unit, or an ulation in 1937. Significant of don contributes tracts and blot- industrial unit. The whole pyramid the trend toward church unity is ters with a Bible verse. of the party rests on this broad base the fact that 97.3 per cent of the of thousands of 11- or 12-member total membership is in the fifty NORTH AMERICA units, or 20- or 25-member neighbor- larger bodies-all with member- hood branches. ship of 50,000 or over. The small Bible Verses in Street Cars bodies account for only 2.7 per 2. The Communist Party publishes cent of the total church popUla- "A Bible Text in Every Public more pamphlets than any other or- tion; furthermore, the former Car" is the objective of Chi- ganization in the United States. number of 212 denominations cago's Best Seller Publicity Com- has been reduced to 200 by mermittee. It was initiated by a 3. Since publishing means nothing gers, or disappearance. small group of Chicago Chris- without distribution, communists have tians, and is similar to a move- one of the largest book store chains in Havoc Wrought by ment begun in England 55 years the country; sell more pamphlets and Godlessness ago. For the past year, one out magazines than any of them, and alof every fourteen street cars of most as many books. Here is a further slant upon this great mid-west city has dis- our growing juvenile crime probplayed a Gospel message with 4. Every "unit" has a literature lem. From time to time the striking attractiveness. The De- agent, whose business it is to promote judges of our courts make some cember card was the work of a wide reading. pronouncement upon the under- Pulitzer prize winner artist, and lying causes of this menace to other prominent artists have 5. More than publishing and distri- our cherished institutions, and contributed their skill. bution is required; there is also edu- here is what Judge Hill, Man- cation, and communist "Workers' hattan's foremost juvenile crime Written response to the car Schools," to which every member must jurist, presiding justice of the cards has afforded much stim- repair twice a week. New York Juvenile Delinquency ulus to the work. No sooner had the displays appeared than a let- Church Unity Gains Court, says: "70 % of the 6,000 ter from a Chicago man revealed that he had "prayed for four- The thirtieth anniversary of delinquency cases which anteen months that someone would the Federal Council was marked nually come before his court are start a work of this kind." The by wider Christian unity, ex- the result of dissolute and Godsentiment of evangelical believ- pressed in four important ways: less home environment." He ers was set forth in another of said: "As a jurist who judges the communications: "It has re- Admission of the Syrian Antiochian thousands of crime-broken boys j oiced the hearts of many Chris- Orthodox Church of North America and girls each year I know that tians to find such verses while into membership – the first of the religious interests for young peoriding the cars." Greek Catholic group to become offi- ple are essential for their moral cially affiliated with the Council. welfare and future as worth- The Best Seller Publicity Com- while American citizens. Relimittee (Box 409, Chicago) in- Enthusiasm for the projected World gion is necessary to the happivites response. Council of Churches. ness of American youth, but it is not enough merely to send chil- Scripture texts in public ve- A plan by which local and state dren to church. Parents must hicles provide fulfilment of councils of churches, as the instru- attend church, for the child in- Christ's missionary coonmand. ments of cooperative unity in local evitably follows the examples set Chicago is the largest Polish city communities, may become affiliated by its father and mother." in the world and the third with the Federal Council. largest Jewish city. There are Sunday School for Offenders 4,000 Chinese and one of the Concrete projects for united action. largest groups of Negroes in any For five years, the Mayor of northern city. Here then is op- After the completion of the Guntersville, Alabama, has been portunity to reach people of all University Christian Mission sending minor offenders to Sunraces and all nations. this year, a new evangelistic day school instead of levying undertaking for 1940 – to be fines, or sending to jail. To save Look At the Communists! known as the National Christian embarrassment to the offenders, Mission-will be launched. An this plan was not made public, Shall we say that lukewarm invitation will be sent to Chris- and only recently has it become Christians could profit by con- tian forces of other lands to join known. Then it was revealed sidering the enthusiasm of com- in a world-wide movement of that not one of more than 100 so munists in this country? Prot- evangelistic advance in 1940. sentenced had reappeared before estant Episcopal headquarters the Mayor, charged with any supplies an outline of their pro- Church Membership Increases The Federal Council's weekly issue of Information Service for January 14 gives the total church membership for the United States as 64,156,895. Of these 52,379,579 are more than 13 years old. The total number of churches in this country is 248,410. There are 200 different religious bodies.

Dr. Herman C. Weber, editor of "The Year Book of American Churches," has made every pos-

crime. About half the culprits region for just our kind of gos- the Indians, in whose music is a became regular attendants at pel work. Only about 7 out of 68 certain plaintiveness. They are Sunday school after their sen- places this season have any local very poor, yet most of them tences expired. Most of them, Christian work at all, and one of bring two or three, some four or before being sentenced, had these is mostly for Indians. And five skins as their gift, and a never been inside of a Sunday the Mormons are sending out skin is valued at fifty cents. school. 2,000 emissaries to win converts." MISCELLANEOUS – Watchman-Examiner. Union Work for Indians The Church in the World Sunday School Extension The Government I n d ian of Today School at Flandreau, South Da- The Presbytery of Cumber- kota, is one of six such schools in Unquestionably, darkness is land Mountain, Tenn., is an ex- which religious activities are surrounding the C h r i s t ian ample of successful correlation carried on by the Home Missions Church in many lands today; not between pastors and Sunday CouncIl's Committee on Indian only the darkness of unevangeschool extension workers, a pro- Work. This Committee, which lized paganism, which still pergram that began more than fifty represents 23 churches of the sists in many areas, but the oryears ago in this territory. In United States, was organized to ganized barbarism sweeping addition to the several Presby- enlarge and coordinate Christian over large parts of the world terian churches that have been work among our Indian people. once classed as Christian. But organized as a result, many Bap- Interdenominational religious there are other facts, equally untist, Met hod i stand other work directors are maintained at questioned, to be set over against churches have been organized these six schools through offer- this. and built up. Especially in the ings on the World's Day of lumber and coal camps a high Prayer, appropriations from va- In India the number baptized value has been placed on this rious church boards and private has multiplied tenfold in the Sunday school extension effort. contributions. present century, and more than More than 2,000 children and doubled in the past twelve years. young people have been reached. A new feature of this work is a "bookmobile," which carries a Africa south of the Sahara has In many communities classes traveling library to Indian reser- also shown a prodigious growth. in Week Day Religion have been vations. In the Philippines the number of conducted in cooperation with Protestant communicants has school teachers. Besides this Eskimo Thank-offering risen from practically nothing much help through the years has in 1900 to over 190,000. In been given through the distribu- The Church of England has a Latin America the growth has tion of clothing to the needy and Mission at Aklavik, Alaska. An been phenomenal and the nummany children have been enabled important annual event is Rat ber of communicants appears to to remain in school in this way Sunday. "Whatever is that?" have multiplied more than sevwho otherwise would have had you say. Rat Sunday is a sort of enfold in the present century. to drop out. Portions of Scrip- harvest festival, when Indians ture, Bibles and other religious and Eskimos who make their liv- In Japan the number of comliterature are being .distributed ing by catching muskrats bring municants has increased nearly continually. some of the skins to the church fivefold in the same period, and as a thank-offering, when they has grown by about fifty per Religious Destitution in Utah come to Aklavik to sell their cent in the present decade. An summer's catch. At this service, advance of nearly seventyfold is A writer in Light on Mormon- after the singing of hymns and reported from Korea, and the ism has made a survey of four other devotional exercises, the number of communicants in counties in Utah. Putting the church wardens go around with China is said to have multiplied settlements as located all in one large plates on which are laid the about fivefold since 1900. direction (68 places) they would little bundles of skins. The Incover 160 by 20 miles, with pres- dian service is held first; follow- Of more importance than the ent population of about 30,000. ing this, the Eskimos hold theirs numerical increase is the evi- In all this area, only six or seven and their thank-offerings of dence of deep rooted Christian places of Christian worship were skins are brought in big white faith in the lives of new converts. found, not including two or three bags. To quote Dr. Kenneth S. Latour- Roman Catholic ones. The total ette: "In a day when Christianat all these Protestant meetings In church both Indians and ity is being tested as it has not was perhaps 100 out of 30,000. Eskimo are notably reverent. been for over a century, and Says this writer: The men sit on one side, women when chaos international and and children on the other, all in- within many lands is increasing, "During all of 1937 we found tent on their worship. A baby the younger members of the only 6 or 7 places with Christian may cry, a little child may run world-wide Christian fellowship work out of 46 visited in over across to her father, but the have been increasing in numeri- 600 miles of field worked. Noth- sense of devotion is not broken. cal strength, in leadership, and ing more is needed to show the Eskimos sing more heartily than in self-reliance." tremendous need of this whole -C. M. S. Outlook.

Missionary

Books Briefly Reviewed for the Readers' Information The Heathen. A Study in Ethnology stating common things in an un- mon expression since men and and Religion. By Henry W. Frost, D.D. 106 pp. 35 cents. Funda- common way, and an almost un- women may endure but cannot mental Truth Publishers, Findlay, Ohio. canny ability to perceive the understand the reason or know The author is not ashamed to heart of truth and to present it the outcome. use a good old word to describe those who are without hope in so that thought is stimulated and Margaret H. Brown has been Christ and without a knowledge the heart satisfied. of God. He believes that the for fifteen years a missionary of Book of Genesis gives the true story of man's origin and that FRANCIS SHUNK DOWNS. the United Church of Canada. the widesprea;d traditions of a deluge are evidence of its univer- Sufism: Its Saints and Shrines. In- She has been stationed in Honan sality. "The heathen" are without hope of eternal life, except in troduction to the Study of Sufism, and later in Shanghai and was Christ and His Gospel, which is an eye-witness of many tragefor all in lands of darkness. Our with Special Reference to India. By dies. Here she tells the story only criticism of this brief bib- John A. Subhan, B.A., B.D., Lec- vividly and sympathetically as lical study is the title; and to the seeming limitation when the turer, The Henry Martyn School of author says: "As long, then, as the Church fails to give the Islamic Studies, Lahore. 420 pp. the story of a farmer, Chang Good News to the people in far- Yungshan, who suffered insults, away climes and they have not Rs. 4/- or $1.50. Lucknow Pub- abuses, temptations and privaheard and received it, we must tion after he moved to Shangthink and speak of them as lishing House, Lucknow, India, 1938. hai. Then followed the terrifyheathen." We can find many ing experiences in the Japanese heathen nearer than in Africa or Islamic mysticism goes by the China. The non-Christian world name of Sufism (from the Ara- invasion. The bright spots were is not a geographical unit. bic word for wool, because the the kind acts of Christians early mystics wore a woolen whom he met and through whom S. M. ZWEMER. robe). From the second century he became a Christian. It is a of Mohammedanism this teach- moving tale, filled with fa.cts, "Filled with the Spirit." By Richard ing spread in all lands until to- and all with a true Chinese at- Ellsworth Day, D.D. $1.00. Zon- day no one can really understand mosphere. Read it-young and dervan Publishing House. Grand the religion of the common peo- old – and your sympathy with Rapids, Mich. 1938. ple unless he knows this phase also. the Chinese will increase. Dr. Day's earlier books, "The Shadow of the Broad Brim" and A Moslem convert, who once "Bush Aglow," are inspirational belonged to a dervish order, has biographies of Charles Haddon Spurgeon and Dwight L. Moody. given here a very careful study The Approaching Advent of Christ. This new volume-"Filled with of the origin, history and prac- By Rev. Alexander Reese. 8 vo. the Spirit"-is a book of devo- tices of Indian Moslem mysti- 328 pp. $2.40. Marshall Morgan tions for daily reading and & Scott, Ltd. London; Zondervan, meditation. cism. The book is carefully docu- Grand Rapids. mented and bears the mark of Dr. Day has a rare combina- scholarship. Our only criticism An unusual book is this. As tion of appreciation of evangeli- is that there are a number of the title suggests, it deals with cal truth and the ability to typographical errors. All who a branch of eschatology which express, in winsome and distinc- work and pray for the Moslems has become highly controversial tive language, the great and of India will be interested in the and concerning which strong gracious things which God has prejudices exist. The 328 closel'evealed. He has a real gift for book. It is a witness to growing .ly printed pages are devoted to interest in the evangelization of the seventy-seven million Indian a spirited, documented and very full discussion which even fair- Mohammedans. S. M. ZWEMER. ly well instructed Christians will Heaven Knows. By Marg,aret H. find it difficult to follow. Debate Brown. Illus. 167 pp. $1.00. in this sphere has been largely Friendship Press. New York. 1938. confined to the opposing "pre- No one who has not suffered in millenial" and "post-millenial" the devastation wrought by the schools of interpretation; this Japanese in China can imagine writer discounts both and identi- the horrors which the people fies himself with the view of a have endured and are still indur- small but estimable group of ex- ing. "Heaven Knows" is a com- positorssometimes referred to Any of the books noted In these columns will be sent by the REVIEW publishers on receipt of price.

[ 159]

as "a-millenialists." The authQr prQminent in the Gospels. If the and the Church, are hardly less is a missiQnary labQring in SQuth QbviQUS meaning is to. be at- evident than that between the America, who. has given twenty tached to. the language Qf many Old and New Testaments. Mulyears to. the preparatiQn of this well-kno.wn passages, then the titudes Qfstudents have fQund it volume. The main argument is theQry set fQrth in this bQo.k, of clarifying and helpful to. trace directed against what is termed intervening signs and events, be- these successive stages in an un- "Darbyism," having reference to comes untenable. folding plan, and to. increasing J. N. Darby, an Qutstanding The mQre theQIQgically-mind- numbers the pro.cedure seems leader amQng the Plymouth ed reader will naturally give at- elementary and necessary. Nev- Brethren, whQse advQcacy Qf tentio.n to. the analysis o.f leading ertheless this is, in effect, the dis- pre-millenial views has had wide passages relating to. the "last pensatiQnalism which this authQr influence during the past half- things," and here the authQr's so. severely arraigns. He WQuld century. CIQsely connected with exegesis is Qften interesting and have dQne well to. include in his the pre-millenial dQctrine Qf suggestive. It is no. dQubt true extensive bibliQgraphy a notable Darby and his followers is the that prQPonents Qf each Qf the volume entitled "After the ThQuteaching referred to. as "dispen- views discussed have claimed too. sand Year·s" by George F. sationalism," which is also large an area of scriptural sup- Trench, which deals in a CQnstrQngly QPposed. In fact, the PQrt fQr their theQries. But be- vincing way with the histQric whQle eschatQIQgical system as- fQre setting aside on narrQW development Qf dispensational sQciated with these views meets critical grQunds a dQctrine so. teaching. such disapprQval as to. eVQke the thoroughly embedded in Chris- We question whether the pro- statement: "It is as pure myth tian tradition as the pre-millen- digiQUS effQrt represented in this as ever entered the brain of ial return of Christ, it is natural elabQrate treatise will accom- to inquire if any Qf the alterna- plish much tQward clarifying o.r man." An excess Qf zeal is also. dis- tive views accord as nearly with unifying opiniQn in matters Qf eschato.IQgy, Qr will cQntribute in played in the effort to. discredit Scripture teaching. methods of interpretatiQn which Learned expositQrs have PQint- substantial degree to. sQund bibfQr generatiQns have had wide ed out that the pre-millenial lical schQlarship.

acceptance amQng trusted ex- view serves to. Qrganize and give HUGH R. MONRO.

PQsitQrs; there is a disregard Qf co.herence to. the entire teaching Ra-Ha-La-Hi-Ho (My Brother in of Scripture, while it is of great Madagascar). By Andrew Burgess. evidence which WQuld definitely Illus. 8vo. 224 pp. $1.00. Augsnarrow the area Qf debate. In practical impQrtance as an indealing with certain pivQtal pas- spiring mQtive fQr Christian liv- burg Pub. House, Minneapolis, sages, for example, Mr. Reese ing. It is also recognized that Minn. 1938. seeks the most favorable trans- biblical predictiQn is nQt a mere The Norwegian Lutherans Qf latiQns for his purpQse. He fre- timetable or calendar by which North America QCCupy twelve quently turns to. MQffatt and the student may identify dates, missiQn statiQns in the extreme GQQdspeed (who. do. nQt co.m- but a mine in which the devQut sQutheastern district Qf the large mand the cQnfidence Qf evangeli- may delve for buried treasure. island Qf Madagascar. Other cals) and to. WeymQuth whQse There are profQund spiritual Lutherans have the sQuthern half translation, while generally ac- reaSQns why this shQuld be SQ. Qf the island as their field, while ceptable, is assQciated with a The authQr's rejectiQn of dis- the LQndQn MissiQnary SQciety, viewPQint in eschatolQgy to. pensatiQnalism raises entirely the Friends and French Evangel- which few evangelicals sub- different issue. Here questiQns icals wQrk in the northern half. scribe. On the Qther hand, ex- Qf eXPQsitQry methQd are in- This vQlume by Mr. Andrew PQsitQrs, such as Kelly, SCQfield, vQlved, rather than doctrine. Burgess, the field representative Gaebelein, Griffith-ThQmas, and With full appreciatiQn, hQwever, Qf the missiQn and who. married Sir RQbert Anderson, are lightly Qf the extravagances which have one Qf the Madagascar missio.npassed Qver Qn the grQund that been attached to. this line of aries, gives graphic scenes fro.m they are bQund to. the sQ-called teaching, may it nQt be true that the experience of missio.naries Darby system. But even the re- the principle is implicit in the frQm the early days until the jectiQn Qf these well-knQwn writ- structure of Scripture itself. present time. The incidents are ers is less significant than the Any co.nceptiQn of an expanding well to.ld and describe the days ignoring Qf evidence that pre- Revelation and the differing o.f slavery, missiQnary pioneermillenial teaching largely domi- principles which have marked ing, life amQng primitive savagnated the thought Qf Christians GQd's dealing with mankind es, cQntacts with witch dQctQrs, in the first and seco.nd centuries. through the ages suggests a dis- wQrk with bQYs and girls, super- This: verdict Qf leading historians pensatiQnal structure. Terms in stitio.ns and belief in evil spirits establishes the cQnclusion that this instance are unimpQrtant, and the rewarding results Qf acceptance Qf the pre-millenial but the fact that inspired his- missiQn service. The many drawview preceded Darby by at least tQry falls, into certain natural ings, phQtQgraphic illustratiQns eighteen hundred years. Anoth- epQchs Qr divisiQns is to.o self- and maps vividly PQrtray the naer neglected area Qf investigatiQn evident to be ignQred. Distinc- tive beliefs and custQms and the is the teaching cQncerning the tiQns between the patriarchal missiQnary life and wQrk in imminence Qf Christ's cQming, so. and the Kingdom Age, Qr Israel Madagascar.

Two Ways. A Play in Six Epi- and sometimes illuminating. The sion Hoispital at Wai, India

sodes. By A. L. E. Williams. 53 New Testament references refer cents each; $5.00 per dozen. Bom- pp. lB. Society for Promoting very little to archeological finds. bay Tract and Book Society. Bom- Christian Knowledge. L 0 Ii don. It is a good book for beginners bay, India. 1937. in the stUdy. Christianity and the Creative Quests. Drama is finding an increas- The Holy Bible. Illustrated from Gaius Glenn Atkins. 232 pp. $2.00. ingly large place in church work. color drawings by William Hole. Cokesbury Press. Nashville. Some of it is very effective in its 8vo. 1,252 pp. Eyre and Spottis- Christian message. This mis- woode, London. Evangelism for the World Today. sionary play is by an Anglican As Interpreted by Christian Leadvicar and calls for about thirty Family Bibles were formerly ers throughout the WorId. Edited performers including angels, the found in many Christian homes by John R. Mott. 296 pp. $2.50. apostles, priest, Peter the Her- in large print and used for fam- Harpers. New York. mit, monks, abbess, sisters and ily worship as well as for a leper, Moslems and others. The record of marriages, births and Fire in India. Canon Manuel's Work six episodes cover the time from deaths. This one, not so large in Irugalur. Ruth Henrich. 16 pp. Christ's ascension near Jeru- as the old style, has also pages 1d. S. P. G. F. P. London. salem to northern Indian and the for "photographs" and is illus- Jerusalem Conference in 1928. trated with twelve excellent col- Gems from Bishop Taylor Smith's The plot and treatment are in- ored pictures from the artist, Bible. Compiled by Percy O. Ruoff. teresting and impressive. The William Hole. There are no 142 pp. $1.00. Zondervan Pub. greatest difficulty in m os t cross-references or notes on this House. Grand Rapids. churches will be learning some edition which is the King James parts of the longer dialogues. All Version and is in large clear How Long? Why the Jews Are Peris truly Christian and mission- type. Here is a very satisfactory secuted and Studies in the Psalms ary in spirit. family Bible in handy size. of Israel. 118 pp. $1.00. Eerdman Pub. Co. Grand Rapids. Who Claims the World. By Cecil The Book of a Thousand Tongues. Northcott. 100 pp. lB. net. Liv- The Translation of the Bible, with Let Us Build. P. E. Burroughs. 154 iilgstone Press. London. 1938. over 1,100 samples from the text. pp. 60 cents. Broadman Press. Edited by Eric M. North. Illus. Nashville. .The Literary Superintendent Four indexes. 'Quarto. 386 pp. of ,the London Missionary So- American Bible Society. New York. Launch Out into the Deep. Andrew ciety presents here for young 1938. Gih. 120 pp. 40 cents. Zondervan people a very effective argument Publishing House. Grand Rapids. for world-wide evangelization- The miracle of the pentecostal the need, motives, the progress, "gift of tongues" is repeated to- Meditations on the Holy Spirit. the unfinished task and the dy- day by translators who have Toyohiko Kagawa. 170 pp. $1.50. namic on which the enterprise given us the Word of God so that Cokesbury Press. Nashville. depends for success. Some six practically all the people in the objections to missions are pre- world can read it in their own Poems and Verse of Betty Scott sented and three good. diagrams. tongues wherein they were born. Stam. 129 pp. Kelly & Walsh, Ltd., This book offers excellent ma- Here is evidence of the fact; and Shanghai. terial for pastors and others who it is most effectively presented, wish to promote missions among with facsimile reproductions of The Prayer Life. Andrew Muiray. the youth. parts of the Scriptures in over 153 pp. 35 cents. B. 1. C. Assn. eleven hundred languages and Chicago. Thrilling Voices of the Past. By T. dialects (in native characters). Christie Innes. ' Illus. 151 pp. There are also brief descriptive Mary Reed of Chandag. Lee S. Hui- 28. 6d. Pickering and Inglis. Glas- articles on forty-two of the lan- zenga. 36 pp. Zondervan Pub. gow. 1938. guages, notes on other versions, House. Grand Rapids. and portraits of natives of many Biblical archeology is receiv- races and nationalities. The in- The Second World Conference on ing much attention these days troductory section, on the trans- Faith and Order. Edinburgh, 1937. and the discoveries are evidence lations and translators, is very Edited 'by Leonard Hodgson. 386 of the trustworthiness of the illuminating. The whole volume pp. $2.50. Macmillan. New York. Biblical record. Mr. Innes, a is a work of art and is indismember of the Royal Asiatic So- putable evidence of the indis- The Story of Chung Mei. Charles R. ciety tells here, in a brief and pensable work of the American Shepherd. 265 pp. $2. Judson popular way, of the evidence Bible Society. Press. Philadelphia. archeology offers us to the flood, Abraham, Jericho, the Exodus New Books ~!,mns and the New Testament history. of tbt There is also a helpful, but brief, By Life and By Death. The Diary of <tbristian . bibliography. The author is a John C. Stam of China. E. Schuyler lLift believer in the Bible record and English. 62 pp. 25 cents, paper; rejects the evolutionary theory 50 cents, cloth. Zondervan Pub. ell BOOK of worship in song, comof religion. The evidence on O~d House. Grand Rapids. bining a hymnal for general. Testament sites and customs is church use, and a song book for evanfragmentary but is interesting Christ and the Dawn. Copy of a ~elistic purposes. ODly songs soWKl Painting by an Indian in the Mis- lD the raith and inspirational in char- acter included—emphasizing Evanp- ism, Missions, and the Deeper Life.

Many of the new—the best of the old.

504 Songs Responsive Readings Topical Index Gold Embossed Published in round notes and Roxite cloth < edition only at $65.00 per lOO–an especiall, low price. Single copy, 85e postpaid.

Write toda, for returnable .ample ",?'"

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The Missionary Review of the World — January 1938

1938

Influence of Christ in History Kenneth Scott Latourette From Mine-Boy to Moderator Life and Character of John McDowell Modern Dem~nds for Foreign Missions Charles E. Maddrj The Missionary Message for Today – Julius Richter Medical Work in Arabia w. Harold Stonn The Bible and Koran Contrasted E. w. G. Hudgell Christian Morale in War-Tom ,China Frank W. Price 25 Cents a Copy $2.50 a Year

to Remember wealth, religion

January 2-9-Universal Week of All Missionaries Try to and other topics. Some of these Prayer. Follow the Nevius Methods ideals which made him success- January 4-6 – Foreign Missions Con- But many miss the dynamic of them ful are: ference, Toronto, Can. an. which is I have always indulged the hope January 9-12 – Annual Meeting of BIBLE EMPHASIS that I should be able to establish effi- the Home Missions Council and t~e The Korean Presbyterian Church has ciency in giving, so that wealth may be of greater use to the present and 'i Council of Women for Home MIS- gained 180,640 new believers net in futu-re generations. sions Marble Collegiate Church, 9 years. This is the equivalent of New'York City. 70 new parishes of 300 believers ••• every year. Last year it had: January 11-I4-General Missionary One of the most important. of the Council Methodist E pis cop a I 2,844 Week-Long Bible Classe•• elements which go to make up ~ivilh:a­ Church, South, Savannah, Ga. (178,315 attending.) tion is the progress of moralIty and January 12-lnter-seminary Confer- 10,000 in Bible Correlpondence. the Christian religion. ence on Human Relations, ChicH¥o 844,268 in Sunday Schools. But I am never a pessimist–I never Round Table of Jews and Chris- 55,075 iu Bible D. V. B. S. despair. I believe in man and the tians, Chicago. brotherhood of man and am confident 4,509 in tHO Week Bible Institutes. that in the end everything will come. January 19-An~ual ~eetin~, Anier-. Read ti.e Story in the New Boo" out for the good of all. iean Waidensian AId SocIety, St. Nicholas Collegiate Church, New "THE NEVIUS PLAN FOR MISSION Do all the good you can. WORK IN KOREA" (370 pages). Be earnest. . York City. . Do not be afraid to work. By CHA.RLES A.LLEN CLARK, Ph.D•• D.D. January 19-Feb~uary 18-FI<?ri~a (35y….. inKorea) Persevere. If you make a mistake, Chain of MissIonary Assemblies In remember that it is human to err. 15 centers, beginning at Deland and CHRISTIAN LITERATURE SOCIETY. Try again and try harder. ending in Tallahassee. Seoul, Korea. postpaid, • – – – ·Y5.00 Sons of wealthy parents have not January 31-February 6 – Founder's E. C. HEINZ, the ghost of a chance compared with Week Conference, Moody Bible In- 3624 5th Ave. S., Minneapolis, Minn., boys who came from the country with stitute, Chicago. postpaid, – – • – • – – – – – $2.00 the determination to do something in February 9-: Annual. M.eeting, Mis- 1927, she taught at Huping Agricul- this world. sionary ReVIew PublIshmg Co., New tural Normal School. . Live within your means. One of York. the swiftest toboggans I know of is •*• for a youn,' man just starting in life March 4 – World Day of Prayer. to get into debt. Rev. Yaroo M. Neesan. in charge of the Assyrian Episcopal Church in A clear conscience is worth more Flint, Mich., died in November at the and is a greater comfort than is a age of 84. He was born in Iran, at- great fortune. Obituary Notes tended a Presbyterian School at Mar- There is nothing in the world that gawar and at 21 was selected by the can compare with Christian fellow- Mr. Marshall Broomhall, who had America)l Bible Society to sell Bibles ship; nothing that can satisfy but been connected with the China I~la~d in Assyrian, Arabic, Hebrew, Persian Christ. Mission for nearly fifty years, died In and Turkish-all tongues which he England on' October 24th, in his 72d spoke fluently. He was a man of keen If you use year. He was a nephew of th~ la~e intellect, rich background of experi- Hudson Taylor and went to China In ence and unusual Christian character. PRINTING 1890. In 1900 he was appointed Edi- torial Secretary of the Missi~n, which ••• YOU Will profit from an ac- position he filled with effiCIency for quaintanceship with us. We twenty-seven years, until his health Dr. Chas. W. Gordon, better known do the Job complete in our own compelled him to re~ire. La~r" he r~­ as Ralph ConnQr, died at his home in plant, whether it be large or sumed the editorshIp of Ch'tna 8 Md- Winnipeg, on October 31st at the age smalL lions and wrote a lar~E! n~mber. of of 77. Dr. Gordon won fame as the valuable books on missIOns In Chma. author of "The Sky Pilot" and other While our specialty is Boob, popular stories of missionary work MagatiftU and Pamphletl, yet ••• and life in the Canadian Northwest. we have a variety of modern He was the son of the late Daniel and equipment to meet all the ~ Dr. R. A. Hutchison, for thirty Mary Robertson Gordon. He was born quireanentl of your particular years General Secretary of ,the Board in Indian lands, Glen County, On- job. You will find our eervice of American Missions, United Pres- tario, September 13, 1860. His father prompt, careful and courteous. byterian Church, died in Pittsburgh, was the missionary of the Free Pennsylvania, on December 11th, of a Church of Scotland and after the son Will you allow UI to estimate heart attack. Dr. Hutchison was was graduated from Knox College, on your neztprintingl We be- born seventy-five years ago and after Toronto, he became a missionary to lieve you will be delighted with being graduated from Monmouth Col- the lumber, railroad and mining camps our product, price and service. lege and Xenia Theological Seminary, at Banff. In 1894 he became pastor Ohio, became pastor of the First Unit- of St. Stephen's Presbyterian Church The EVANGELICAL PRESS ed Presbyterian Church at Altoona, in Winnipeg and in 1921 was moder- Pa. He was moderator of the Gen- ator of the Canadian Presbyterian Print",. of eral Assembly of his church in 1926. General Assembly. T.M Mulionary Revie", of the W Ot'ld ••* John D. Rockefeller's Philosophy PLANT AND MAIN OrneE . Mrs. Mary B. Hoy, a missionar~ in ThIrd ad Reily SIr…. Hao.." " , .. Japan and China for the Evangelical The late John D. Rockefeller,. and Reformed Church for more than Baptist layman and founder of a half century, died at Hankow, the Standard Oil Co.,. at various China, Nov. 5, in her seventy-fifth times made known his views of year. She help~d to found the girls' school now known as Miyagi College. .In 1900, Mrs. Hoy established the girls' school at Yochow, China, and later devoted herself to women's work at Huping. After Dr. Hoy's death in

MISSIONARY the condition of war in China making PARENTS

REVIEW OF THE WORLD it unwise to plan for it in Hangchow. In the Foreign Mission Field DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Editor The special Home Mission Study Number (June) will deal with Christ Endorse Calvert School VOL. LXI JAN., 1938 No.1 and American Cities; the Foreign Home Study Courses Mission Study Number (October) Publication and Business Otll.ce– will deal with the important topic: For Children Third and Reily Sts., Harrisburg, Pa. The Christian Cwmpaign in India. Calvert School, through its Home Instruc- Editorial and Executive Otll.ce– In the other months THE REVIEW tion Department, will give your child a 156 B'ltth Avenue, New York City. covers the world, home and foreign, superior elementary education … by mail, Entered as second-class matter at and keeps our readers in touch with regardless of where you may live. Mod- the main current events and mission- ern, approved courses from this famous Post 01flce, Harrisburg, Pa., under ary problems, great personalities, the school are being used by parents all .over Act of March 3, 1!l79. progress of mission work, the unoccu- the world with outstanding success. pied or neglected field, the best meth- 25 cents a copy-$2.50 a year. ods for promoting interest and the Give your children the advantages of these Foreign Postage, 50 cents a year. current missionary literature. interesting lessons, carefully chosen books, Publisbed monthly, except August. and attractive materials. Instruction is All rights reserved. Copyrighted 1937. *** under the personal guidance of teachers in B"ltlsh agents – Marsball, Morgan Calvert's prominent and successful private and Scott, 12 Paternoster Buildings, One reader writes: "There is no day school in Baltimore. London, E. C. 1 shilling per copy, piece of literature that I get that has 10 shillings a year. great value as a source of illustra- Write today for booklet of complete in- tions of what the Gospel is doing right formation. Costs are low. MISSIONARY REVIEW PUB- now in our world than that section of LISHING CO., INC. THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE CALVERT SCHOOL , WORLD called 'Our World-Wide Out- BOARD OF DIREC'l'ORS look.' "-W. E. Forsythe, Caledonia, IBOW. Tuscany Road Mo. ROBERT E. SPEER, PreSident Baltimore '<- Maryland A. L. WARNSHUIS, Vice-President Personal Items ican Board of Commissioners for For- VALTER MCDoUGALL, ~,J.1rea8urer Dr. Conrad Hoffmann began his eign Missions in West Africa for duties with the Board of National nearly 20 years has become director DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Secretary Missions of the Presbyterian Church, of Lincoln Academy, Kings Mountain, U. S. A., in charge of Jewish Evan- N. C., a work conducted under the PAUL J. BRAISTED gelization, on SeptemJer 1. Dr. Hoff- auspices of the American Missionary SAMUEL MCCREA CAVERT mann will give nine months to this Association. Kings Mountain is called work, and by a special arrangement "The Negro Northfield" and is a D. J. FANT the remaining three months will be boarding school for Negro boys and MRS. ORRIN R. JUDD spent in Europe on behalf of the work girls. In the summer the campus is of the International Committee on the used for conferences. WM. B. LIPPHARD Christian Approach to the Jews. ERIC M. NORTH *** SAMUEL M. ZWEMER Dr. and Mrs.* Fr*ed *MacCallum are Dr. William E. Doughty, formerly Editorial Chat retiring after 40 years' work under one of the secretaries of the Laymen's the American Board in Turkey. They Missionary Movement and later of The New Year dawns with many plan to spend their remainin'" years the Near East Relief, has been made clouds overhead and on the horizon, in the Levant. One son is a mission- Grand Commander of the Greek Order but the sun still shines-the Sun of ary in Constantinople; a daughter is of the Phoenix in recognition of his Righteousness-on the world of time college librarian in Smyrna. twenty years of service to the people and nature that God made, and on the of Greece and the Near East refugees. world of men whom Christ came to *** The decoration was conferred by the save. The Editor and the Board of Greek Minister to the United States. Directors extend their very hearty Dr. and Mrs. John E. Merrill, Christian greetings to all the readers American Board missionaries at AKEEN That priceless of THE REVIEW and to the mission- Aleppo, Syria, have retired from ac- possession is aries and Christians in every nation, tive service. Through four decades race and tongue. There is evidently they have interpreted the Christian within YOUT more need than ever to spread the missionary spirit among churches of Good News of the love of God and the Cilicia and Syria. MEMORY reach! Follow salvation offered through Christ. This the simple, sen~ is the work for which THE REVIEW *** sible rules in was established sixty years ago and for which it is conducted today. We Dr. D. C. Henry is one of the mis- "HOW TO MEMORIZE" work and pray together for this end. sionaries of the United Presbyterian By Dr. William Evans Church still able to live and work in *** Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Mrs. Henry The Possibilities of the Memory, and her children have received per- Principles of Memory Training, and A new Director has been elected to mission to return. step by step instruction on the fun~ THE REVIEW Board to take the place damentals of application. of our beloved friend and fellow work- *** er of many years, the late Dr. Wil- Many gladly paid $5.00 for this liam I. Chamberlain. The new Direc- The Rev. Mark A. Dawber, D.D., material in a correspondence coUrse. tor is the Rev. Paul J. Braisted, Ph.D., Superintendent of Town and Country Now compiled in a single volume the recently appointed Secretary of Work of the Methodist Episcopal bound in handsome cloth covers, the Student Volunteer Movement. It Board of Home Missions, has been gilt stamping, 95 pages, complete is especially fitting that Dr. Braisted elected Executive Secretary of the for 75c. and 6c. postage. should serve the missionary cause. Home Missions Council to succeed the through THE REVIEW since his wife, Rev. William R. King, D.D., who is BIBLE INSTITUTE COLPORTAGE ASS'N Ruth Wilder Braisted, is the grand- resigning because of serious illness. daughter of Royal G. Wilder who Dr. King has been the efficient and 848 N. Wells St. Chicago, Illinois founded THE REVIEW and owned and loving Executive Secretary of the edited it for ten years. Dr. Braisted Council for the past ten years. is a graduate of Brown University and served as a Baptist missionary in *** India and Burma for about ten years. Dr. Henry McDowell, a colored *** missionary working under the Amer- Our year's program includes a num- [ 1] ber of articles preparatory to the next International Missionary Conference to be held in Madras next December,

by kind permission of the London Missionary Society

AN AFRICAN'S AWAKENING INTEREST IN THE HOPE OF THE WORLD REVIE ORLD VOLUME LXI AN INTERDENOMINATIONAL REVIEW OF WORLD-WIDE CHRISTIAN PROGRESS NUMBER 1 JANUARY, 1938 Tapies of the Times CLOSED AND OPEN DOORS labor warfare and anti-religious activity in some Looking back over the past year we see many circles. Mexico is still holding doors closed against missionary activity from outside countragedies, disappointments, lost opportunities and tries but is easing up on regulations against the doors closed or closing to the messengers of Christ right of religious assembly. Other Latin Amerand to true religious liberty. There is Korea and ican countries still seethe with unrest but open the Japanese effort to force Christians to take part in obeisance at Shinto shrines; there is conflicts are prevented by strong men in power. China, with the Japanese invasion, bombing of All over the world the greatest obstacle to the hospitals, schools and villages, the diversion of progress of Christian life and activity is in the lifeless or lukewarm churches, that have "a name money and life from a constructive program and to live but are dead," and in the divided, lifeless the efforts to destroy a truly efficient Chinese government; there is Japan with its strong mili- and stony-hearted Christians who are so only in name. The scandals on Christendom are always taristic party in control and their determined the greatest obstacles to Christian progress. effort to stifle freedom of thought and expression on the part of the people. There is Iran where But on the other hand, all is not dark and lifethe shah, Riza Pahlavi, has made himself dictator less as we look back nor as we look forward to the and is clamping down on religious freedom and New Year. What gloriously bright gleams there on all effort to oppose his selfish and narrow- have been in the faithful Christian life and testiminded program. There is Palestine, with the mony in every land – in Japan and Chosen in bitter conflict between Arabs and Jews and the spite of government regulations; in China in the still unwelcome British proposal to make separate midst of invasion, bombings and death; in India Moslem and Jewish states. There is Turkey, with where political strife has brought unrest and "units more enlightened dictator but prohibiting the touchables" are seeking social and religious freeteaching of religion to all youth under eighteen, dom; in Iran, Arabia, and Mesopotamia where thus handicapping the home and the school, the Christians are constantly being born in the midst mosque and even the Church. There is Russia, of fanaticism and in spite of bitter opposition; with its increasingly materialistic program, its in many parts of Africa where the Christian atheistic rules and its anti-Christian propaganda Church is growing through the work of African and its "purging" of the country by the death of Christians; in Germany where Evangelical pasleaders suspected of being antagonistic to the tors and people are ready to suffer imprisonment Stalin government. There is Germany and the for conscience sake; in Great Britain and Europe Nazi government seeking to control the Church, where Christians from all the world and all Protintroduce pagan traditions and worship and to estant and Eastern churches united in brotherly stifle faith in the historic Church and obedience to conference to bring better understanding and Almighty God. There is Spain with its homicidal closer fellowship in faith, life and work. In North strife, the interruption of Christian life and work, America the results of the Preaching Mission and the closing of some partly opened doors by com- Christian Youth Movements are still felt and are munistic, Roman Catholic and military activity, building for the future. In Mexico the evangelical and the impoverishment of the country. In North work goes forward, carried on by Mexican Chris- America there are tragedies in economic life, with tians among the youth and even among the 801- [3]

diers. In Central and South America the Gospel It will continue to prove true in Spain, in Russia, light also shines brightly in many obscure corners. Chile reports effective evangelism among soldiers in Ethiopia and in China. The only way to end and sailors and Indians; Brazil has Evangelical war by murderous warfare is to exterminate all self-supporting churches with over a thousand opponents; even then new antagonists will arise members each. After all, the most effective work and attempt to put down the victor who depends of Christ is carried on not in dramatic ways in on physical force to maintain his supremacy. great assemblies, but through the power of the Spirit of God shining out of individual lives in the A "war to end war" is rightly ridiculed today. homes, the churches and the communities in each It is as futile as is Japan's campaign to cure country. Chinese unfriendliness by a murderous invasion of Chinese territory. You cannot cure hatred by But what of the doors of service for Christ that hatred, or overcome evil with evil. It is nineopen out into the new year? Was there ever teen years since "peace" was declared in Europe; greater opportunity to show what Christ can and the Treaty of Versailles was signed by conflicting will do to set right this disordered world, if only nations; the World War was supposedly brought His followers are ready to leave all and follow to an end; the victors thought that they had been Him? What might not this new year – with able to make it unprofitable, if not impossible, for Christ – show in the establishment of peace in Germany, Austria and Turkey ever again to con- China and Spain; of religious freedom in Japan, sider renewing the conflict. They were believed Chosen, Iran, Arabia, Turkey, Russia, Mexico and to be too weak to take revenge. Germany; in producing the fruits of education, brotherhood and justice in Egypt, Ethiopia and Jesus Christ came with a message of peace to other parts of Africa; in promoting political the world and showed the way to establish and peace in Latin America, and economic peace and maintain goodwill among men. He gave His spiritual revival in North America? life to make peace between men and God and to establish the rule of love, and yet how little we This coming year offers new and rich opportu- have shown our desire for peace and goodwill. nities in the World Missionary Conference at There are still conflicts not only between men of Madras next December; in the coming student different nations, but also between those of differrevival meetings in American colleges; in the ent races, social and economic strata and ideas! revitalizing of churches, Christian organizations and institutions all over the world, but most of all We hate war and yet there are things worse in the opportunity to open individual hearts and than war-even worse than armed conflict and lives to the power and control of the indwelling death. Dishonor, disobedience to the laws of Christ. "Behold I have set before thee an open God, and cruel disregard of human rights are door and no man can shut it. . . . If any man worse than war. A truly righteous and strong hear my voice and open the door, I will come in government must endeavor to put down lawlessto him." ness, even by the use of force. "The powers that be are ordained of God." As long as thugs and "THE WAR TO END WAR" thieves ply their trades, armed police are neces- sary-locally, nationally or internationally. Such There probably never was a period in the his- a condition is not ideal ana does not make for tory of mankind when so much thought and lasting peace, but lawlessness should be made unmoney was being spent on warfare, past, present profitable. and future, as there is today – nineteen hundred years after the coming of the Prince of Peace. There is only one way to end war and that is Instead of peace and goodwill among men, there to establish the rule of love, to disarm the mind are murderous conflicts going on in Spain and and heart by taking away men's desire to fight China and more are threatened in Europe, Asia, one another. There is only one way truly to Africa and in the Americas. There were many conquer an enemy and that is to make him a who believed that the great World War was such friend. We are "more than conquerors" when a deadly and decisive conflict that "civilized" we overcome evil with good. This can be brought nations in future would be persuaded to settle to pass when men give their full allegiance to their disputes without arms. But a "war to end Him who loved us. war" is an idle dream. It is no homeopathic remedy; no inoculation that prevents taking the We hate war and yet there is war in which we disease in worse form. Warfare unleashes human believe. It is a warfare that is in full harmony passions; it stimulates greed, hatred and a desire with the Spirit of Christ and with the Will of for revenge. This has been proved by the course God. It is the Christian war against all evil- .of events in Germany, Turkey and Latin America. the war against selfishness and greed; against hatred and cruelty; against crime and lawless- ness; against intemperance and lust; against sickness and ignorance and degrading poverty.; against godlessness and all forms of evil

TOPICS OF THE TIMES

Men are belligerent by nature. Little children, churches in which they are reported as members.

as soon as they want something they do not His statements as to the decline of Protestantism possess, or find that someone else stands in the in America may not be wholly correct but it is way, fight their battles with a cry, with words, clear to anyone who investigates the facts that or a blow. But children and adults can be taught church and Sunday school attendance and vital a better way than to overcome by physical war- interest in Christian life and service have not pro- fare. There is a conquest by love, by truth and gressed but have declined,-especially in the by surrender. To "fight the good fight of faith," larger ecclesiastical bodies.

we need only courage and the whole armor of Some of the reasons for this d~cline may be God. The moral equivalent of war is the fight briefly stated: against evil, within and without. It is the fight for truth and for righteousness; the battle to 1. Decline of religious interest and responsibility carry out the loving Will of God. This is the in the homes. "war that will end war." When love takes the place of hate, and good takes the place of evil, 2. Increase of rationalism and materialism in the Kingdom of God will be manifest on earth. schools and colleges.

3. Increase of worldliness and self-indulgence in social life, with evidences of insincerity or IS RELIGION DECLINING IN AMERICA? hypocrisy in many professing Christians. 4. Indifference ·to spiritual things on the part of It is difficult to compare one generation with many in the church and out. This is fos- another. Statistics do not tell the whole story- tered by unwholesome fiction, theatricals and as to crime, customs, religious faith or Christian motion pictures.

progress. Each man's vision and information is 5. Increasing ignorance of God and lack of vital limited, especially in spiritual matters. Only God faith among young and old. The Bible is can know man's heart and only He can judge sadly neglected and misunderstood. rightly. Nevertheless air currents, weather vanes, barometers, social investigations, vital statistics 6. Absence of vital spiritual preaching of the and church attendance reveal some conditions and Word of God and lack of effective Christian tendencies. They are worth considering carefully. service in many churches.

There are some conditions in America that are 7. Lack of unity among Christians and failure to show true brotherly love among those of encouraging and there are also tendencies that are disturbing-politically, economically, socially and different classes, denominations and races. religiously. These tendencies downward should be studied carefully and corrected wherever pos- Christian leaders need to recognize these spirsible. Among the disturbing factors are those itual ailments and we should all earnestly and that indicate dependence on physical force rather prayerfully seek the remedy. Christianity, as pro- fessed today, has too often become formal and than on righteousness to settle economic and in- dead. So-called Christian nations have ignored ternational disputes. There is an increase of Christ's teachings as to righteousness and peace. divorce and a lowering of moral ideals; the Larger church attendance, better preaching, even growth of the gambling spirit, the development of Bible teaching and social service, do not in themlawlessness and the spread of intemperance are selves provide the remedy. We are coming to disturbing. The progress of atheism and material- recognize more and more that the first need is ism are evident, especially in some colleges and personal spiritual revival, with surrender to God among those with radical ideas. There is a de- and a vital relation to Christ; second, there is crease in Sunday school and church attendance need for new, more earnest and intelligent study among all classes. In general the growth of ex- of the Bible as the Word of God; third, we need travagance and self-indulgence is coupled with true prayer and obedience to the revealed will indifference to the revealed will of God as the of God. Finally, Christians must unite more standard for faith and life. At a recent National whole-heartedly in loving fellowship, in witness- Laymen's Conference it was pointed out that ing to Christ and in devoted service to mankind.

Christian church membership has declined in pro- There is power in Christ and His Gospel to portion to the growth in population. Mr. Roger transform the world. There is evidence of spir- W. Babson, former moderator of the Congrega- itual vitality in the Church and in multitudes of tional Council, has said that Protestant church Christians. They are still the "salt of the earth"

membership is declining to an alarming degree. but too much of the salt has lost its savour or is Others believe that he has based his statements confined in salt-cellars, not scattered to counter- on incorrect or insufficient data, but Mr. Babson act corruption. Christians are still the "light of states that official church figures include millions the world," when Christ loves and shines through who have now no vital connection with the them, but too many are hiding their light or it

burns dimly, in a small circle, with a poor dying Roman Catholic Church, with special privileges flame that cannot lighten even their own homes, as the National Church, then, in addiltion, the much less the dark corners of the earth. Waldensian Church, the Methodist Episcopal and Baptist Churches, the Friends, the Seventh Day An observer at the recent conference on Evan- Adventists, Plymouth Brethren, the Salvation gelism, held at Northfield, Massachusetts, reached Army and the Spezia mission. No other denomthe following conclusions: (1) We must recog- inations are allowed in the country. nize that the desperate situation in the world today cannot be remedied by reformation but only It is common rumor in Italy that the Vatican by redemption and regeneration. (2) Definite helped to finance the Abyssinian war. In return, decision must be made to accept redemption in it seems to have demanded that the civil authori- Christ producing a new character and not merely ties should restrain all Protestant denominations. improvement along the old ways of life. (3) To The first result was the disappearance of many accept Christ means to adopt His teachings as the independent missions and churches, which were practical plan of life in social, industrial, and in- merely extinguished in conformity with the law. ternational relationships, as well as in personal Particular attention has recently been paid to one conduct. (4) A definite Biblical foundation is independent work estimated to number some needed in thought and preaching. (5) Evan- 50,000 adherents but one that has been a pargelism must be carried to the people wherever ticularly aggressive and successful evangelistic they are and applied to their needs. This involves movement, and was spreading rapidly. A short street preaching, personal interviews, pastoral time ago no less than 1,000 of these people were contacts, clinics for personal problems, etc. placed under "house arrest," not allowed to leave (6) This is the work of the laity as well as the their village or town, and being obliged to report ministry. (7) Evangelism must be world-wide, themselves daily to the police. Nevertheless they not merely local. manage to hold meetings in caves and other secret places. EVANGELICAL CHRISTIANS IN ITALY Attention was next given to those denomina- The British Weekly says that "so far as liberty tions recognized by the State, whose status is nomof worship is concerned matters are worse for inally guaranteed. The country is governed ac- Evangelicals in Italy than in Germany." Under cording to the exigencies of the moment. The a law promulgated in 1929, the following religious Vatican seems just now to be directing its activity organizations were recognized by the State and chiefly against three organizations-the Waldenallowed to conduct worship in their own way: the sian Church and its missions, the British and For- eign Bible Society and the Salvation Army.

RUSSIA'S NEW DRIVE AGAINST RELIGION Press reports from Moscow state that a new drive against religion took place in the Soviet Union to prevent the December influence of the Church or the clergy on the more susceptible voters in the elections. The first elections under the so-called Stalin constitution, now a year old, were held December 12. The clergy were accused of conducting an insidious propaganda campaign for the revival of the sorely oppressed Church. It was charged that their aim was the election of friendly deputies in the local Soviets and in the chambers of the new Supreme Soviet.

Trade unions, in particular, were urged to revive the fight against religion. Their news- paper, Trud, re-emphasized its purpose "to expose the counter-revolutionary machinations of the clergy and believers." The clergy of Russia, whether they are Evangelical pastors, Ortho- dox or Catholic priests, Jewish rabbis, or Mohammedan mullahs, are openly called parasites by the official organs of the Soviet Government and the Communist party and are designated as actual and potential enemies of the regime. Though the trade unions were enlisted in this new campaign against the churchmen, the drive aimed most particularly against the Church's in- fluence among the peasants since the Government seems to have had more difficulty suppressing religious expression among the peasants in the rural areas than in the cities.

Recent indications point to a determined revival of religious interest in Russia in spite of the most persistent efforts on the part of the Government. An indication of this trend is the fact that four years ago the Militant Godless League numbered 5,000,000 members. At pres- ent there are only 2,000,000 enrolled. Dispatches also note that in Russia today there are more than 30,000 religious organizations of various faiths.-Lutheran News Bureau.

Influence of Christ in

By PROF. KENNETH SCOTT LATOURETTE D. Willis James Professor of Missions and Oriental History in Yale University, Author of "The First Five Centuries of Christianity"

W HAT has been the influence of Jesus upon generation and even more than two or three cen- the human race? Is it waxing or waning? turies to determine trends. These are crucial questions. Upon the an- In general, the history of Christianity falls into swers which we give to them depends in part- three main epochs. First are the initial five cen- although by no means entirely-our attitude to- turies, in which the faith had its inception and in wards Jesus. Out of the~, too, arises to a large which it won the population of the Roman Empire.

degree our attitude towards Christianity and to- Then, second, approximately a thousand years in wards the outlook for civilization. If Christian- which geographically about as much territory was ity is losing in vitality, if it is a declining factor lost as was won but in which Christianity had a in human history, then the prospect for the future large share in shaping some new cultures. Third of the faith is dark, and if the human race goes and last, a period which began about the year 1500 on, its civilization will depart farther and farther and which is still with us (although some suspect from ideals which we think of as Christian. If, that it is now coming to a close), in which Chris- on the other hand, Christianity shows more vigor tianity experienced fresh internal life and ex- as the centuries pass and leaves a broadening and panded geographically beyond all previous limits. a deepening impress on mankind, then we can The first period is often regarded as the great- have more confidence as we face the future, both est in Christian history. The achievements were for Christianity and for civilization.· indisputably remarkable. In it the Church came Any full answer to these queries would require into existence, became second in strength only to a much larger space than the editor could permit. the state, and proved so vigorous that it survived Even a full summary of an answer would demand the state. In it the New Testament was put into a volume. However, it is possible to sketch in writing, and Christianity, beginning apparently brief compass the broad outline of a summary. as an obscure sect of Judaism, spread until it be- In general the answers can be stated as follows: came the religion of the vast majority of the Ro- (1) (This may seem so obvious as to be a banal- man Empire. The effect upon thj:! culture of the i.ty.) Through the centuries the influence of Jesus Roman world was profound. The ancient cults has been potent and beneficent. (2) (This also of the gods, to which the state had given its is a commonplace.) Never in any age or in any powerful support, were erased. The deities of large group of humanity has that influence been pagan antiquity remained merely as memories dominant. It has been one among many. Always and the ancient mythologies survived only in the it has met opposition. Always it has had to con- literature of the pagan ages and as literary allu- front elements in human nature and in society sions and devices. Laws were modified to take which are in complete opposition to it. Indeed, account of Christian principles, although not as the influence of Jesus has grown, the antago- greatly until after the end of the period. A new nism has become more pronounced. (3) In each literature was created, that of Christian devotion, of its major periods Christianity has successively apology, and theology, and new philosophies – if had a more profound effect upon the societies in one may so designate Christian theology – came which Christians have been numerous. (4) Never into existence. A new art and a new architecture, has Christianity been quite so vigorous and never although often incorporating pre-Christian forms, has the influence of Jesus been more widespread were created: Christianity aided in the processes and more effective than in the past century and which brought about the disappearance of certain a quarter. amusements, notably the combats of the arena.

The substantiation of these answers, as we have As its most outstanding contribution, the Chris- suggested, would require a volume. Here we can tian faith gave rise to transformed lives. A Paul give it only in the broadest outline. We must and an Augustine of Hippo are only the more disproceed chronologically. What is re$luired is his- tinguished examples of those who through a cata- torical perspective. We need to see more than a clysmic experience passed from moral and spir- [ 7]

itual defeat and impotence to triumphant living. out Roman rule and with it much of civilization. An Origen of Alexandria and an Ambrose of From the Southeast came the Arabs, carrying a Milan are, in turn, better known instances of those new, vigorous faith, Islam, and occupied Syria, in whom the change, while real, was wrought in Palestine, Mesopotamia, Persia, all the northern less spectacular fashion-in an Origen by Chris- shore of Africa, and practically all of the Iberian tian nurture. Peninsula. In the lands conquered by the Mos- lems the churches shrank in membership and in Great though the changes were, most of the some places disappeared. main outlines of Grreco-Roman culture were but little altered by Christianity. The vast majority Yet, in spite of this threat, Christianity not of Christians entertained no thought of destroying only survived in many of the areas which it had the existing order or even of withdrawing from formerly occupied, but, winning the pagan barit or of thoroughly reforming it. Many of the barians who threatened to overwhelm it, it also early Christians partly separated themselves from spread into Northern Europe far beyond the forthe world. Some sects, such as the Marcionites, mer borders of the Roman Empire into vast rewere pronouncedly ascetic in matters of sex. Dur- gions which before the year 500 had never heard ing its earlier centuries the Church tended to be the name of Christ. made up of communities apart-of the world but not fully in it. Before the first five centuries were New cultures arose in Northern Europe. They done an appreciable minority had entered the mo- grew up partly under 111e regis and inspiration of nastic movement, thus, in theory and to a large the Church and in them Christianity was more extent in practice, renouncing secular society and potent than ever it had been in the Roman Emembarking upon what appeared to them to be a pire. The Church became the vehicle by which purely Christian life. Moreover, in the first five much of the culture of the Grreco-Roman world centuries after Christ the structure of Grreco-Ro- was transmitted to the peoples of Northern Euman society and of the Roman state underwent rope. It was the nourisher of arts and letters. extensive modifications. However, in the main, Under it the universities of Northern Europe most of these modifications were not due to Chris- arose. Princes called themselves Christians and tianity. The vast majority of Christians more took oaths at their coronation which obligated nearly conformed to the world about them than them to rule as such. The Christian conscience they or that world were transformed by their did not fully accept war, as it had in the fourth faith. After Constantine the state controlled the and fifth centuries, but through the Truce of God Church much more than the Church controlled the and the Peace of God strove to regulate it 'and state. After originally holding themselves aloof reduce it. In chivalry a combination of Christian from the army, Christians reversed their attitude ideals wi,th the warrior's profession was made in and saw no inconsistency between their profession the attempt, probably seldom consciously exand service in the legions. Nor did they make pressed, to Christianize the 1<atter. The family any great effort to mitigate the horrors of war. came more fully under the control of the Church Slavery largely disappeared, but chiefly from than it had under the Roman Empire. The relief other reasons than repugnance to the institution of the poor, the sick, and travellers, and the proon Christian grounds. Some of the traditional tection of widows were largely through the Church amusements, such as the theatre, while still un- and were almost entirely the outgrowth of the purged of many features contradictory to Chris- Christian conscience. As in the Roman Empire, tianity, were as popular with the nominally Chris- so in Northern Europe, the pagan cults disaptian populace of the fourth and fifth centuries as peared. As in the Roman Empire, moreover, they had been with pagans of earlier days. Even popular religious movements broke forth from in the realm of religious practices and beliefs time to time, evidence that the impulse which many attitudes and some customs carried over came from Jesus was still fresh, and noble spirits from pre-Christian days. arose who bore unmistakably the peculiar impress of Christ. Threatened Collapse of Society Even in lands under the control of Moslems, In the next period, that from A. IT. 500 to A. D. Christianity was not without its effect. To be 1500, the story is somewhat different. From the sure, where Moslem law against apostasy was ensixth through the ninth century the very existence forced, as it was in regions in which the state was of Christianity was threatened by the collapse of Moslem, any extensive leakage from Islam to the society with which the faith had come to be Christianity was impossible. In such lands, moreclosely associated. The Roman Empire dwindled over, the Christian churches, on the defensive, to the Byzantine Empire. In Western Europe in- slowly lost ground. However, wherever Christian vasion after invasion of pagan barbarians wiped rulers permanently regained possession from Moslems, Islam disappeared more completely than

THE INFLUENCE OF CHRIST IN HISTORY

did Christianity in many a region permanently had the Christianity of Western Europe been so under the control of Moslems, Then, too, in Mos- vigorous or so far advanced towards the New Teslem lands Christians often had a profound influ- tament standard. ence. Moslem mysticism, or Sufism, came into existence and was molded in contact with Chris- In Europe the influence of Christianity became tian monks and hermits. Christians in Mesopo- probably greater than in the Middle Ages-"probtamia translated into Arabic the works of the ably," because precise measurements as the necesgreat Greek philosophers, so that Aristotle, who sary basis for exact comparisons are impossible. reached Western Europe in part through the Mos- The numbers who entered deeply into a Christian lems, had first come to the Moslems from Chris- experience appear to have been much greater. In tians. It was from Christian physicians tha,t society as a whole Christianity became the chief Moslem Arab physicians first learned much of the impulse back of the formation of international law lore which made them famous. What is called -an effort to put on a basis of peace and justice Arabic art appears largely to have been at the the relations between the rising nation-states. It outset the creation of Christian artisans in Egypt. also gave birth to fresh works of charity. It was the inspiration of the first pure democracies which At the close of the fifteenth century Christian- the world had seen. It entered as a major factor ity again appeared to face a dark future. From into the formation of the national traits of such the outside it was menaced by Moslem Turks. The peoples as the Scotch, the Dutch, and the Scandi- Turk, indeed, took that ancient bulwark of Chris- navians. It was potent in the genesis and fortianity against the Moslems, Constantinople, and mulation of the ideals of some of the most highin time overran Southeastern Europe. In Western minded leaders of the early stages of the French Europe, where Christianity retained its greatest Revolution. stronghold, the faith seemed threatened by internal decay. Medieval culture, largely the prod- Outside of Europe, Christianity spread more uct of Christianity, was disappearing. With the widely than had ever any religion or, indeed, than had any set of ideas, religious or secular. It was Renaissance came humanism, much of it pagan one of the causes of the discovery and exploration and hostile or indifferent to Christianity. A large of America, of the discovery of the sea route to part of the clergy were morally corrupt and a hiss- India and the Far East, and of the trans-Atlantic ing and a byword to all honest folk. For a time settlements of European folk. Christian missionthe Roman Catholic Church was divided through aries penetrated to the farthest confines of the an unseemly schism over rival claimants of the Americas, to the great nations of Asia, and to papal chair. In land after land the Church was various places in Africa. In all of these regions placed under the control of the secular authori- converts were made. ties-a process which continued in the sixteenth century with the further growth of monarchical Achievements of Christianity states. At the close of the fifteenth and in the Moreover, Christianity served to ameliorate the early decades of the sixteenth century the Throne impact of European upon non-European peoples. of Peter was occupied by a succession of thor- Much of the exploration and conquest was accomoughly worldly men. The sad state to which the panied by unspeakable cruelties of nominally leadership of the Church had fallen was drama- Christian Europeans on non-European peoples. tized by the martyrdom of Savonarola, with his Again and again missionaries protested against passion for spiritual and moral reform, through these iniquities. They appealed to the Christian the opposition of the Borgia Pope, Alexander VI, conscience of Europe and in consequence in edict the most infamous of the pontiffs of that low after edict the Popes came out against enslaving moral ebb of the papacy. the Indians and for generous treatment of the aborigines, and the Spanish monarchs enacted- Yet Christianity came back, and with unprece- but did not always enforce-the remarkably hudented power. In the succeeding centuries it mane Laws of the Indies. Missionaries, too, colexercised an influence on mankind far more wide- lected the Christian natives into settlements spread and profound than ever before. A series where they attempted to give protection against of revivals unequalled in the past purged organ- the rapacity of their exploiting fellow-countryized Western Christianity of many of its abuses men. and lifted it to a new level of moral and spiritual earnestness. Some of these revivals contributed In the nineteenth and twentieth centuries Christo what we know as the Protestant Reformation. tianity became especially vigorous. The eight- Others led in the old church to what Protestants eenth century witnessed the dying down of the usually call the Counter-Reformation but to what fires of religious enthusiasm in Europe. At the is more accurately known as the Catholic Refor- end of that century the French Revolution and mation. In spite of palpable weaknesses, never the wars of Napoleon threw all Western Europe

into turmoil and in places dealt serious blows to education in Africa, in much of A,sia, and in many the Church. Yet, even in the eighteenth century of the islands of the sea. In China under Chrisrevivals were in progress in the Pietist and Wes- tian auspices a new medical profession came into leyan movements and in the Great Awakening in being. In their day of transition huge civilized the Thirteen Colonies. In the nineteenth century nations, notably the Indians and Chinese, had they became more numerous and more wide- their ideals profoundly modified by Christianity. spread. Always in Protestantism deeply reli- In the Occident, Christianity, far from losing its gious strains had existed. However, political mo- power to mold collectively the life of man, gave tives had been almost as potent as religious in the birth to movements for the abolition of the Negro formation of Protestantism, and the various state slave trade and of Negro slavery. The Red Cross churches in which until the nineteenth century by its very name and symbol bears witness to the most Protestants were found, suffered in their Christian origin of this most noteworthy of atspiritual life from the control exercised by their tempts to heal the wounds of war and of natural respective governments. Now, in the nineteenth disasters. In the OcCident both the menace of century, the Christian motive became more nearly war and the efforts to prevent war assumed undominant in Protestantism and the Christian ex- precedented proportions. Most of the latter had perience more widespread. New denominations Christian roots. The list might be greatly lengthcame into being to express this experience. Great ened to include prison reform, efforts to better movements and organizations-among others the the lot of the blind, the deaf, and the insane, and Sunday schools, the Young Men's and Young the founding of scores of colleges and universities Women's Christian Associations, the young peo- and of hundreds of hospitals. ple's soCieties, and the student Christian movements-arose to meet particular needs. Within As we have suggested, never in any age or peo- Roman Catholicism a new burst of life gave birth ple has Christianity been the only influence at to more new orders than that ancient Church had work molding the life of man. Chronically it has known in all its preceding history. Both the Prot- been vigorously opposed by tendenCies and tradiestant and the Roman Catholic foreign missionary tions which spiritually and morally are its exact movements expanded to unprecedented propor- oppoSites. Always a tension has existed. Always tions. In the new nations formed by peoples of where the light has shone there has been darkness European stock in the United States, Canada, -but the light has continued to shine and the Australia, New Zealand, and South Africa, Chris- darkness has not overcome it. If in our present tianity not only held the settlers, but, at least in age the forces of darkness seem to' be espeCially the largest of these nations, the United States, the aggressive, powerful, and perilous to the highest proportion of the population who were members interests of man, we need to remember that never of churches actually increased. has the light shone farther or more brilliantly than in the past century and a half. In the nineteenth and twentieth centuries the influence of Christianity became more widespread What the future has in store no one of us ought and more potent than ever. Millions from scores confidently to predict. History does not necesof different races and peoples entered to a greater sarily repeat itself. If, however, past experience or less degree into the Christian experience. warrants any prophecy, it is that the light will Scores of tribes in Africa and the islands of the continue to shine, beneficently and more strongly. Pacific reconstructed their entire corporate life So far as we can see, for an indefinitely long peand their customs under Christian auspices. riod to come the darkness will also be there. How- Through Christian missionaries more languages ever, the light is there and we can be confident were reduced to writing than by all other agencies that the darkness will not extinguish it. Always, in all the preceding history of mankind. Chris- as in the vision of Bunyan, the oil of grace contians pioneered in introducing new systems of tinues to be poured and all the efforts of the enemy do not put out the flame.

THE APPEAL OF CHRIST TO MEN The more pagan people are the more Christ's message appeals to them as Good News. But go to people who term themselves Christians, who believe themselves within Christ's fold, and yet are really pagan in life and character, and you run your head into a stone wall.-Prof. Gonzalo Baez Camargo of Mexico.

*** Christianity is a life-a life of fellowship with God in Christ Jesus. All else that is Christian flows from that experience. Doctrines define and formulate that experience in in- tellectual terms.-Thomas Reeve of England.

Mine–Boy to

The Remarkable Achievement of John McDowell, Late Associate Director of the Department of So- cial Education and Action, Board of Christian Education, Presbyterian Church, U. S. A.

-"I By DELAVAN L. PIERSON I!B- __ J~==============~ ~==========~ TODAY most American parents seem to think not an easy job for a lad of eleven and he still had . that they must supply their children with all to rise early and work hard all day. Again he the education, the comforts, the amusements was faithful in that which was least, and he was and other advantages that their money can buy; cheerful and uncomplaining. Two years later the even then they tremble lest their boys and girls boy was promoted to be a "mule-boy" down in the may go astray and fail to make good in character damp, dark mines. His job was to hitch the mule or achievements. to the coal cars a·nd drive the animal to the shaft What chance of success has a lad of fourte~n, where the coal was hoisted to the surface. Here with only one arm, his remaining hand injured, was more responsibility and more risk to life and a broken leg and a wounded knee; moreover, a limb from accident, cave-in or explosions, but not lad who had received only a meagre primary much money and not very elevating or amusing school education, living in a miner's cabin sur- to a boy of thirteen! But again Jack was faith- rounded with many evidences of extreme poverty? ful, cheery and undefeated. He made friends with Such a number of handicaps would seem almost his mule and with the miners among whom were insurmountable. Not so were they accepted by strong, God-fearing men.

little Jack McDowell. The boy was made of What could John look forward to in life? Must sterner stuff, and did not know what it meant to he always be a poor miner, even if he survived the accept defeat because of adverse circumstances dangers which made the average age of miners and so-called handicaps. at death only about thirty-two? John's father John McDowell was born in DaIry, Scotland, wished better things for his son and, since times on September 24, 1870, and was brought to Amer- were a little easier, asked the lad if he would like ica by his parents when he was two years old. to go to school. It was an opportunity and the The father secured work as a miner in the an- boy had some ambition. In Miner McDowell's thracite coal mines near Wilkes-Barre, Pennsyl- home the daily fare included oatmeal, and the vania, but the money he could earn was very in- Shorter Catechism. The children were taught to adequate for the needs of a growing family. believe in and practice hard, honest work, self- Every cent was needed that could honestly be respect, honesty, reverence for God and human gained and at eight years of age little Jack went sympathy. But the opportunities for financial or to work as a "breaker-boy" at the mines. He had intellectual advancement were very limited. John to get up before daylight-not in a steam-heated told his father that he wanted to enter an engiroom-eat a hurried breakfast of oatmeal, and be neering school and become an engineer. It seemed at the mines at seven o'clock. There he sat all like a high ambition. Could he achieve it? Then day, in the heat of summer and the cold of winter came the catastrophy!

with coal dust filling eyes and lungs, picking out One day, down in the mine, on his last trip, the pieces of slate from the coal as it came down the coal car started on the down grade, caught Jack chute from the crusher. Not much freedom, fun in the machinery, dragged him along, tore his left and opportunity there for a growing boy's mind arm almost off, broke his leg, put a spike through and body. But he was faithful, and uncomplain- his knee and endangered his life. The boy had ing. His help was needed to meet the household presence of mind to put his foot with its heavy expenses. boot in front of the wheel and stopped the car.

Three years later, Jack was promoted to be The mule went on alone and miners came to see door-boy in the mines. His daily routine was to what was the trouble. They found the bruised open the doors at the foot of the shaft to let the and bleeding lad and took him home, where he mules and coal cars pass through, and then to shut hovered between life and death. His ambition them again to keep out the draft from the mines to be an engineer was spiked; but John was un- deep down in the bowels of the earth. This was daunted. When the doctor said: "Well, my boy, [11 ]

you won't have much more than your brain left In Mount Hermon, John came to know and love to work with," Jack decided that he wanted an D. L. Moody and was known and loved by the education. But how was that to be obtained? great evangelist and his family. He heard some When he had recovered sufficiently, he started to of the world's great Bible teachers and preachers attend the public school, and he soon showed signs at the summer conferences and was moved by ap- of a clear, undamaged brain and a determined peals to make full surrender to Christ and to give spirit. his life to Christian service. At Northfield, too, About that time the great evangelist, D. L. he met a girl student-refined, attractive, sweet Moody, came to Wilkes-Barre. He told of his in disposition and strong in Christian character. school, recently founded at Mount Hermon, Mas- Minnie Fowler saw in the Mount Hermon youth sachusetts, where boys with little cash but much the signs of true nobility and promise. Those who earnestness might work to pay part of their way knew these two students then, and have followed and obtain an education. That was the place for them ever since, know what a perfect comrade- Jack. A friend who recognized the boy's worth ship has marked their life together-each conoffered to pay $100 toward the first year's ex- tributing rich stores of understanding love and penses if he could earn the remainder. The next talents to make their lives a united success.

September he went to Mount Hermon-a frail slip From Mount Hermon, John McDowell went to of a lad of fifteen, apparently with serious handi- Princeton University where he was graduated in caps-but again he was faithful, intelligent, dead 1894. He earned his way through and at the in earnest, cheerful and uncomplaining. He same time helped a younger brother to obtain an gladly began to work at his books and at the education. After leaving Princeton he spent a daily tasks assigned to help pay his way. But summer in mission work in New York's East Side, what could he do? Not drive a plow, work on the largely among foreigners. He showed himself a road, or even wash dishes; but he could work in friend to the poor and to handicapped workers the school office and in the summer time he could and gained a keener sense of the prime impor- sell newspapers at the Northfield Conferences tance of winning men to God as He has revealed -and he did. Himself and the Way .Of Life through Jesus But there was another and even greater handi- Christ. As a result John decided to enter Prince- cap from which he suffered. He studied hard but ton Seminary to prepare for the ministry-again though he answered the questions in his written paying his own way through, and using all the examinations, his marks were too low to pass. time he could spare for evangelistic work. He What was the trouble? The teacher told him was called to be pastor .Of a church at Steelton, that he could not receive better marks because he Pennsylvania, in a region not far from his old had failed in recitation. But did not the teacher home. There he came to know the miners and know the reason? Jack stuttered s.o that he could their problems still more intimately as their not recite-especially in translating Latin and in friend and spiritual adviser. But the field was too pronouncing unfamiliar names in history? The limited for his talents and he was soon called to teacher was sorry but firm-boys were required be pastor of Park Church, Newark. There, with to recite. "All right," the boy said, "I will recite his faithful and devoted wife at his side, he made next time." And he did, although he took the full his mark, not only on his congregation but in the lesson period to get out the words. At first the city, serving on juries and on commissions, set- class laughed and the teacher told him he could tling labor disputes, working for social justice sit down. But Jack set his jaw firmly and con- and seeking to exalt Christ and to show the impli- tinued the battle royal. Then his classmates were cations and application of His message for this silent and moved to tears-but tears of sympathy world and for the world to come.

and admiration. Finally they applauded. Jack After ten years in Newark, there followed other sat down a victor. He never stammered again. important pastorates in Detr.Oit and Baltimore, The lad discovered that he need never accept where he ministered to both rich and poor, win- defeat and he acquired a taste for overcoming. ning friends among all classes, in all denomina- He wanted to enter into athletics, but how could tions, in all political parties and among represen- he? Football and baseball seemed out of the ques- tatives of both capital and labor. But he never tion, so he took up tennis; he kept persistently at was willing to compromise or to win friends at it until he became a champion player. It was a the expense of truth or of his fidelity to Christ, great sight to see him toss a tennis ball in the air his Master. During the World War he rendered for a serve, with racquet held in his one hand, and noteworthy service as Y. M. C. A. Director of Re- then give it a smashing drive. He played with his ligious Work among industrial workers in the head and won many matches by out-maneuvering Eastern district. From this he was called to be his opponents. Secretary of the Board of Home Missions .Of the

FROM MINE-BOY TO MODERATOR

Presbyterian Church, U. S. A. (now the Board of standing, John McDowell never knew defeat. He National Missions), later serving as associate di- was never embittered in spirit and never lost his rector of the Committee on Social and Industrial courage, his optimism or his love for his fellow- Relations under the Board of Christian Education. men. He never sought to make capital of what He became president of the Home Missions Coun- others might look upon as his "handicap"; he cil, uniting all the evangelical churches, prepared ignored it and used his one hand more efficiently the annual Labor Day messages which were scat- than many men could use two. So normal and tered all over the land, working to settle labor complete was he in spirit and body that friends disputes and to establish principles of brother- even forgot he had only one arm. hood, justice and Christian love in the economic realm as well as in the Church. He was an able Almost the last public service that Dr. Mcand popular speaker at Northfield and other con- Dowell rendered was in organizing and directing ferences, and rendered important service at the the D. L. Moody Centennary meetings at the Charlottesville Institute of Public Affairs. He Northfield General Conference in August, 1937. was the author of several valuable and influential The general theme of the addresses, "Christ and books which set forth clearly the Christian faith the Bible," was chosen by him as these were the and the principles of social justice-"Dwight L. two main themes and sources of power on which Moody, the Discoverer of Men and the Maker of the great evangelist had built up his educational Movements," "Christian Essentials," and "Fellow- and evangelistic program. The meetings, preship of Toil." He sometimes said that while the sided over by Dr. McDowell, were a fitting trib- "Church has use for a one-armed preacher, it has ute to the man to whom he was so deeply atno use for a one-armed Gospel." tached and to whom he owed so much.

Many true and striking statements were made It would be difficult to point out all the factors in his addresses, books and published articles. that accounted for his success as a man, a life- These always breathed a Christian spirit of fair- partner, a friend, a servant of mankind and as a ness and wisdom, such as are evidenced in the follower of Jesus Christ. His courage, his faith following: in God and in man, his sacrificial spirit, his un- tiring industry, his intelligence and astounding "What industry needs is not better methods but memory, his fairness, sense of justice, good cheer better motives; not more perfect machinery but and keen sense of humor-all helped to make the more perfect mankind; not more laws but more man and servant of God. He owed much to his life, that 'abundant life' that Christ offers and Scotch inheritance; he owed more to his father's that Christ alone can give." faith in God and to his religious training in his home; he owed something to the fact that he knew "Labor belittles no man; wealth-owning be- the discipline of poverty and hard work; he owed littles no man. 'A man's a man for a' that.' much to his experience and to his ability to make There should be no classes-no laboring class, no friends; he owed more to his contact with D. L. capitalistic class. Laboring men? Yes, they are Moody and to his training at Mount Hermon, and the world's enterprise builders. But the laboring Princeton; he owed much to his faithful wife, man and the capital-owning man is each a man." but he owed most of all to the new life he received through Christ, to his daily study of the Word of "From the Christian point of view the primary God and to his fellowship with the Son of God. question in industry today is-shall the symbol of our industrial life be the dollar mark or the Cross? One of the finest tributes ever paid him was by Shall our ambition be self-seeking or sacrificial Dr. Robert Freeman of the First Presbyterian service?" Church of Pasadena, California, when presenting Dr. McDowell to the president of Occidental Col- The height of Dr. McDowell's career in the lege, Los Angeles, California, for the degree of Christian Church was reached when, in 1933, he LL.D. in 1932. Dr. Freeman spoke of him as one was elected Moderator of the Presbyterian Gen- "who for fifteen years has been the spokesman of eral Assembly. This is the highest honor in the our denomination wherever social adjustment was gift of the Church of two million members. He lacking or industrial justice imperilled; who in filled the position with great effectiveness, travel- the day of honor and influence has not forgotten ing from coast to coast and from Canada to the the boys who have succeeded him in the choking Gulf, the former breaker-boy speaking sometimes dust of the coal breakers and along the slimy corthree or four times a day to churches, preachers, ridors of the mines, or the multitudes who have students, college professors, men's clubs, confer- trusted him to champion the fair claims of the ences, business executives, labor unions and other class from which he sprang; nor even feared to industrial workers. While at times physical weak- demand justice from them as he claimed justice ness and weariness overtook him and he suffered for them; one who blends evangelical fervor with from more than one accident; and while he often encountered criticism, opposition and misunder-

social passion; who treasures the heritage of the when he was a boy of fourteen but his soul lived old land and the old order and the old faith while on. Later he accepted the gift of Eternal life catching and pursuing the vision of the new through Jesus Christ and he lives today in the heaven and the new earth: John McDowell, presence of the Master whom he served so faithwhose name is a test of romance, a symbol of fully, and in whose promises he believed with all consecration, and an epitome of service." his heart. His memory will be honored by men and women of all creeds and classes; his influence Like the Apostle Paul, John McDowell fought will continue to bear fruit. His labor was not in a good fight, he has finished his course, he has vain for it was "in the Lord." John McDowell kept the faith; henceforth there is laid up for him expressed his confidence in the Life Eternal when a crown of righteousness, which the Lord, the he wrote of Jesus' attitude toward death. He righteous judge, will give to him and not to him said: only but to all those that love His appearing. He fell asleep in Christ on November 13th after a Christ never spoke of His death apart from His resurmajor operation which he faced with courage, rection. He never thought of His death as the end of His knowing its possible unfavorable outcome. But career; it was only an episode, and an episode opening up he is not dead. A part of his body was discarded the way for the larger part He was to playas the spir- itual leader of men in the Kingdom of God.

A Faithful Friend and True Christian From an Address by Dr. Robert E. Speer, Given at the Funeral Service, November 16, 1937, in Park Church, Newark, where Dr. McDowell was Pastor for Ten Years JOHN McDOWELL was one of the dearest business of the Church, and about God's relation friends, one of the best men, and one of the to man and man's relation to God, and man's rela- noblest Christians we have ever known or ever tion to his fellow men. Just as he sought to know can know. His character and his career is occa- the truth so he sought to speak it. No one ever sion for deep thanksgiving to God for the man found him equivocating or accommodating or that He made. His life is a fountain of ins·pira- using words with reservations. It was in love tion and a call to boundless hope for ourselves and and good will that he spoke and what he spoke for other men. His career reveals to us the un- was the truth. And he thought and spoke truth limited opportunities in our American life for because he was true and genuine. He sought such a boy as this Scotch miner lad; his life ex- wholly to follow Him who said, "I am the Way of emplifies the duty and privilege of ever-expand- Truth and the Life" and to be faithful to God, in ing thought and influence, and the full meaning whom "is· no darkness at all." of the Christian Gospel. No man can be faithful to truth as John Mc- But we are thinking here not so much of John Dowell was and not be a brave and courageous McDowell's career but of his character, and of man, either fearless or victorious over fear. that which was basic in him as it is basic in all John's career was a brave and courageous career. life and character, truth. God, who desires truth He never surrendered to his handicaps. He turned in the inward parts, we may reverently say, found them into resources. He could do with one arm and its maimed hand more than some men can do His desire largely fulfilled in John. He used to with two sound arms. He was an excellent tennis like to quote Mr. Moody's familiar aphorism, player, holding the ball on his racket and tossing "Character is what a man is in the dark." In the it into the air. He astounded a small boy in a dark or in the light, by night and day, John Mc- home where he was staying by speed of unlacing Dowell was unqualifiedly and uncompromisingly and relacing his shoes. He never asked for sym- and steadfastly true. pathy or allowance. He carried his full load. And in all his work he carried truth into action – in His thoughts were true. Paul's admonition was speaking and doing always what he believed to be . not second nature, but first nature with him. right. We have seen him tested in the matter of fidelity to what he believed to be true and right in "Whatsoever things are true, whatsoever things the midst of difficulties. As Chairman of the are honorable, whatsoever things are just, what- Graduate Advisory Committee of the Philadelphia soever things are pure, whatsoever things are Society of Princeton University, when there were lovely, whatsoever things are of good report, if some hard problems in the religious life of the there be any virtue and if there be any praise"- University, and conflicting opinions, he never John McDowell thought on these things. He sought to find the truth of the Gospel, and the truth about his duty and about the nature and

flinched. He and Bishop McConnell bore the and self-control. I never knew him to be fretful brunt of the attack on the report of the Inter- or impatient or irritable, to bear a grudge, to re- Church World Movement Committee, of which sent anything personal, to be anything but steadthey were members, in the matter of the steel fast and straightforward. strike. John has now gone on beyond all the earthly confusions to the pure peace and effortless Professor Royce has made both a philosophy joy of a richer service. I do not think he will be and a religion out of loyalty, and all that there is reproached there, as he was reproached here, nor in loyalty for philosophy and religion John knew. will he need in that happy fellowship the grit and His loyalty to Mount Hermon and to Dwight L. tenacity with which he met his reproach here. In Moody was one of the brightest and most blessed recent years, in the difficult problems which had things in his bright and blessed spirit. As chairto be met in connection with the Seminary, how man last summer of the National Committee on clear were his convictions and how fairly but un- the Centennial of Mr. Moody's birth, he did a yieldingly he maintained them. And to cite but one more instance of his brave and courageous JOHN McDOWELL AS MODERATOR mind and spirit, we will all recall his true prophet's mission in the matter of human relations in noble piece of work. Noone has written articles the field of industry and the fearlessness with or made addresses on Mr. Moody more full of inwhich he spoke his mind, with no partial interest, sight, of true estimate and appreciation, of deeper truckling to no one class or group., but asking only love and loyalty than those that came from John what was right, and in consequence, commanding McDowell. One likes to imagine the meeting of the respect and confidence of all honest men. We the two in the Land Beyond. Mr. Moody, with thank God today for this memory of a good, brave the well-remembered twinkle in his eye, might man. reproach John for his over-praise and John might answer· him without a syllable of retraction. And it rests us to recall his quality of justice, Happy, happy must be their meeting in the Imof sound-mindedness, of fair and kind and reason- mortal Love and the Celestial Light of Paradise. able judgment. There was never any harsh or The loyalty of that friendship was the loyalty of intemperate speech. No one was left in doubt as all John McDowell's many friendships. I speak to his mind. His words were unmistakably clear out of the understanding of a great love. John and pungent but we never knew him to be illtempered or uncharitable. He kept his balance in a world of excesses and partisanships. He knew how to combine and proportion the personal and the collective aspects of Christianity and life. He saw the right place and relations of persuasion and authority, of private action and of legislative enactment. He was a good guide and counsellor in his just discernment of the true functions of the Church in its spiritual mission to human hellrts and wills, and its ministry as an agency of the Kingdom of God.

The rule and joy of John McDowell's life, its formulating principle, was unselfish service. He was the disciple of One who came "not to be ministered unto but to minister." He had no pride which could (be offended and no vanity to wound. He never sought anything for himself. While he was honestly and justly pleased at his election as Moderator and fulfilled the duties of his offioe to the delight of the Church, he did it without any ostentation or parade. Whatever he could do to help people he did with a happy, genial heart. He went in and out among us as one who served.

And it is a joy to recall his good temper, his humor. Again and again he would relieve the tension with some apt anecdote or illustration. Grave situations were lightened by his evenmindedness, his quiet voice, his fullness of poise

was a friend. It is not necessary to say "a true rity." "Uprightness, virtue, honesty, soundness"- friend." There is no other kind of friend. One these are the synonyms. "He that overcometh I knew that it was possible to put full trust on him will make him a pillar in the temple of my God, and be safe. and he shall go out thence no more, and I will write upon him the name of my God." That was Supremely John McDowell was loyal to our John McDowell- a pillar, clean, upright, unde- Christian faith as passed down to us from the faced; he was white and true. He is described New Testament and from our fathers of the Re- for us in Mrs. Kingsley's exquisite dedication of formed tradition. He knew the words and he held the life of her husband: fast to the great formularies of our Church as they are, without glosses and unauthorized addi- TO THE BELOVED MEMORY OF tions or subtractions; but he knew the love and A RIGHTEOUS MANthe life of which the words are only the symbols. He remembered his Master's words, "Not every- Who loved God. and truth above all things; one that saith unto me, Lord! Lord!" He joy- A man of untarnished honorfully said, "Lord! Lord! My Lord and my God." Loyal and chivalrous-gentle and strong- But he said the words with his life and .he vali- Modest and humble-tender and truedated them by love and truth and life. Loyalty Pitiful to the weak-yearning after the erringwith him meant not only assent to sound opinion Stern to all forms of wrong and oppression, but also the glory of an obedient will, a gentle Yet most stern towards himselfspirit, the love of the brotherhood, and the com- Who being angry yet sinned not. munion of the saints. Whose highest virtues were known only To his wife, his children, his Sl!rvants and the poor. But our words multiply beyond the need. It is Who lived in the presence of God here enough to sum all up in one word alone, "integ- And passing through the grave and the gate of death, Now liveth unto God forevermore.

AMERICAN YOUTH SEEKING The Lutheran News Bureau says, as the result of a recent comprehensive survey under- I taken by the National Lutheran Council in an effort to refute claims of waning interest: :. "Young men and women in American Churches today are demonstrating a broadening and deepening interest in religion. Distinct evidence is the fact that they are turning in ever-increas- ing numbers to the Church, swelling the membership rolls of the various youth organizations in a most remarkable fashion. National leaders of a few of the Church youth organizations report that membership and interest has fallen off to an alarming degree during the past few years, and attribute that decline to an over-strong emphasis on the social aspect of their groups.

Already, however, they announce plans to effect a complete reorganization with a renewed emphasis on the Gospel of Jesus Christ as the essential element of all Christian activity. They express confidence that this return to the fundamental purpose of the religious youth movement will create a thorough revitalization. Various youth groups have sought constantly to give primary emphasis to Christ and His Gospel. One organization reports a membership increase of more than 300 % during the past twenty years, and a youth leader of another Church states that 'during the year 1936-1937 we have grown faster than during any year since 1922. This is exceedingly encouraging since we have a very definite program built on spiritual values.'

"Stress the fundamentals of Christian faith; teach the regenerating Gospel of Christ; emphasize the challenge to decide on a life for Christ; instruct young people regarding the work of the Church and the extension of Christ's Kingdom; encourage Bible study; these ele- ments are basic in the programs of the successful; vital youth organizations and are offered as the only rules for success in appealing to the profounqest interest of young men and women.

"Evidence of the growing appeal of religion to American youth is the fact that attend- ance at their conventions-district, state, and national-is increasing rapidly. Bible camps, too, are gaining attention, and reports of activities during the past two summers indicate that it was impossible to accommodate the thousands eager to attend. Pocket Testament movements, Bible study groups, and various young peoples' service organizations have also developed and increased in significance during the past few years. Countless indications point to a renewed interest in the fundamental Christianity taught by Jesus Christ. There is a more vital interest in religion and the Church than we have had for some time."

Demands and Foreign

By the REV. CHARLES E. MADDRY, D.D., Richmond, Virginia ExecutitJe Secretary, Foreign Mission Board of the Southern Baptist Convention A FTER months of careful study and extensive and a host of pioneer missionaries have sowed the .l'" survey of mission work in thirteen coun- Gospel seed beside all waters. tries in which Southern Baptists have Then came the second stage of cooperation in work, we are more firmly convinced than ever before that the Gospel of the Lord Jesus Christ is the growth and development of foreign work, the one and only hope of mankind. The funda- when the native Christian constituency and the mental missionary motives are eternal and un- growing churches worked with the missionary, changing. As long as the curse of sin and death under his direction and supervision. The sup- porting boards in the homeland still supply most holds the race in bondage, just so long will the of the funds for the growing work. During this good news of salvation be imperatively necessary period the missionary was the official pastor, di- for the redemption and restoration of the fallen recting head and teacher in schools, colleges and race. Man's need for a Saviour from sin has not seminaries. The work on the newer fields is still changed; God's love of the sinner has not changed; in this stage of development. and Christ's power and will to save has not changed. Everywhere in foreign lands, we have Now comes the third and most critical stage of the indigenous church in the development of the seen at close range the Gospel of the first century older mission fields. It is the stage when the miscoming to grips with the degrading heathenism sionary must step aside and work under a native and unspeakable sin and moral leprosy of the leadership. We have reached this period of de- twentieth century and everywhere we have seen velopment in South and Central China; in Japan; the Gospel gloriously triumphant. in Brazil; and in Argentina. The spiritual chil- The motive and the imperative of the Christian dren have grown up and we can no longer keep missionary enterprise are eternal and unchang- them in leading strings even if we wanted to do so. ing. But methods of doing missionary work in all lands, and especially in the older mission fields, Transition to Native Autonomy are changing rapidly. Weare now passing through a very trying and critical transition pe- This transition began in the older mission fields riod in mission work abroad; if we successfully of China twenty-five years ago, but only within pass this crisis, it is going to call for the most recent years has the tendency toward self-support, patient and sympathetic understanding and the self-guidance and equality become a blessed realmost Christlike compassion on the part of our peo- ity. Our Foreign Mission Board is ninety-one ple in the homeland and especially of our mis- years old and this has been the goal of all our ensionaries on the foreign fields. deavors. The business of a foreign missionary is to work himself out of a job, to turn over the Three Stages of Development established and expanding work to growing churches and responsible leaders, and then to There have been three stages in the growth and move on into new and unevangelized regions.

development of foreign mission work. There has been a mistaken tendency on the part First, there was the pioneer stage, when the of most mission boards and missionaries to linger missionary did everything and the supporting too long in the port cities and the older mission boards in the homeland paid all of the expenses. fields. It is always hard for fond and indulgent This period covered the work of Carey and J ud- parents to realize that children grow up and son in India, and of the hosts of other men and should be set free to work out their own destiny.

women, heralds and martyrs in all lands who That same attitude has sometimes been mani- wrought gloriously and triumphantly in this in- fested in the older fields. We are prone to linger itial and pioneer stage of foreign mission work. too long, like the early church, in the hallowed and They laid a good foundation and others have built blessed environment of Jerusalem, and we fail to nobly on this foundation. "The field is the world" realize the call of Antioch for a more aggressive [17 ]

and wider ministry of pioneer evangelism. We capacity and ability with any similar group in welcome with joy and deep satisfaction the fact America. that in many of the older mission fields we have now come to the third stage in our missionary pro- What part does the missionary play in all this? gram of development-the period when the work Well, it began with the Shucks and Roberts, and must be turned over to the native churches and it was brought to fruition by Graves, Simmons, the native leadership that we have won and and Greens, and in more recent years it has been trained for this very purpose. nourished and fostered by a host of younger mis- sionaries, men and women, too numerous to men- Some older missionaries are finding it difficult tion here. to readjust themselves to the new day and to accommodate themselves to the changed attitude of The same process has taken place in Shanghai the new and untried native leaders. The mission- and Central China and the same blessed process aries fear that the new leaders will make mis- is going on in North and Interior China, in Japan, takes, so that the work for which they have given in South America, and on our mission fields in the best years of their lives will be retarded. Of Europe. course, these younger and less experienced Christians will make mistakes and they will not always We are now in the critical transition stage in do things as we think they should. Yes, they will the development of our mission work in Brazil, make mistakes-many mistakes, almost as many Argentina, and Chile. On our recent visit, new as we have made. But they will never learn to agreements and new bases of cooperation were do, except by doing; however painful the ordeal, entered into between the representatives of the we must believe in them and trust them. We al- Mission Board and the National conventions. ready have some glorious examples of what our For the first time, nationals have been placed at young and ardent brethren and sisters in these the head of several of our colleges. There have mission fields can do, when they come to respon- been readjustments and reorganizations and new sible maturity and when we trust them and co- responsibility and support, much of which has operate with them. been assumed by the new and growing churches. The most heartening thing we found in South Native Leadership in Mission Lands America was the fact that many of our churches have come to full financial support and are now We have been at work in South China for a self-directing, self-supporting, and self-propahundred years and God has poured out his bless- gating. ing upon that work in a marvelous way. To those who have not seen it with their own eyes, it is The Missionary's Part almost impossible to convey any adequate conception of what God has wrought in these one hun- What of the future? Is there still a place and dred years. Twenty-five years ago the Leung- need for the foreign missionary in this time of Kwong Baptist Convention was organized. It has transition and readjustment. been strictly Chinese from the beginning and the missionaries had the grace and wisdom to adopt One thing has impressed us, as we have seen the policy and ideal of cooperating with and work- this trend. These younger Christians and growing under the native leadership. What has been ing churches greatly need the sympathetic underthe outcome? standing and loving counsel of the missionary. More than ever before, the missionary is needed Under Chinese leadership, and made possible for guidance and help in organizing the churches, by Chinese financial support, there is today a won- in matters of self-government, of discipline and derful organization and system of boards, com- doctrine. If the missionary, like John the Bapmittees, agencies and institutions equal to those tist, is willing to "decrease" that the native found in any land. There is a marvelous system churches and leaders may "increase," there is a of Christian schools, beginning with the kinder- greater need for his services than ever before. garten and running through the primary, middle school, college, theological seminary, and woman's Also in the matter of training a native ministry training school. There is a separate school for and leadership, there is a greater need than ever. blind girls, an orphanage, and a home for old peo- We can never send enough missionaries to evanple. There is a five-story hospital, owned, oper- gelize all the nations. Our supreme task in the ated, and staffed by Chinese. In the very center new epoch of missionary endeavor is to develop a of all this intense activity is the Tung Shan Bap- native ministry that will evangelize its own land tist Church with three pastors and twenty-five far better than we can. Therefore we are still hundred members. The leaders and directing going to need missionaries-many of them, to heads of all these institutions and agencies are teach in schools, colleges, and seminaries; we will humble and devoted Chinese Christians, equal in need missionary doctors and nurses; and men and women with gifts for writing, translating and creating worthy Christian literature.

But most of all, there is need for God-called

MODERN DEMANDS AND FOREIGN MISSIONS

and Christ-filled men and women who are willing The missionary of the future must be sound in to press out from the port cities and away from body. One who is not physically fit should not go. the beaten track; who are willing to break new We have recently set up a rigid and exacting ground and to do pioneer work in giving the Gos- standard to which every one must measure up, pel to the millions who have never had a chance undergoing physical, mental and nervous tests. to receive salvation offered by Jesus Christ. The missionary of the future must be thor- There are still millions of people and vast areas oughly prepared for service. He must have a that are as yet untouched by the Gospel message. good mind, adequately trained. It is sinful waste Whole provinces in China are almost without the of money to send out a missionary who is unable Gospel. Millions in Japan have never heard of or too intellectually lazy to master a native tongue. the God of love. Great tribes in Nigeria have been begging for missionaries for a decade, and we Most important of all, the new missionaries have been unable to answer the call. Seven great must be spiritually endowed. They must have the states in Brazil are still without any evangelical attitude of Jesus toward the lost and erring. If missionary. Only a beginning has been made in one has never been used to win souls to Christ in giving the Gospel to "all the world." the homeland, a mere change of residence to for- eign land will not make them soul winners. One Missionaries in the days ahead must press out who goes as a missionary to a foreign land, should into fields that are still unevangelized. The port be able to say with Paul: "For I could wish that cities are overcrowded with missionary personnel I myself were accursed for Christ for my brethwhile vast areas are untouched with the Gospel. ren's sake, my kinsmen according to the flesh." We need today missionary candidates with the The missionary must be one in spirit and purpose sacrificial spirit and holy devotion of the early with Jesus in his statement, "For whosoever pioneers. The call of the lost in the great un- would save his life shall lose it; and whosoever occupied places of earth have entered deeply into shall lose his life for my sake and the gospel's our hearts and we are seeking for young men shall save it." and young women willing to go into these needy places and bury themselves for Christ's sake. Today, we must adopt new methods in mission- ary endeavors, but the missionary motives and The Missionary of the Future imperatives are unchanging for Jesus, the author and finisher of missions, is "the same yesterday, What type of missionary should be sent in this today and forever." day of changing methods in mif;sionary work?

ONE OF ISAIAH'S MISSIONARY MESSAGES The Book of the Prophet Isaiah is full of missionary messages, which fire zeal, faith and courage.

Isaiah 49 starts with "Listen 0 Isles!" and "Hearken ye people from afar!" It is His voice sending forth the news of the Gospel to all the nations, to the uttermost parts of the earth. Read the promise to the servant of the Lord. «I will also give Thee for a light to the gentiles, that Thou mayest be my salvation unto the end of the earth." After enumerating many blessings of the Gospel, the prophet predicts that people from all parts of the earth, from all points of the compass, will come to Him-"Behold, these shall come from far: and 10, these from the north and from the west and these from the land of Sinim" (an ancient name for China).

This great and wonderful work of salvation which is going on before our eyes in the uttermost parts of the world, brings forth from the heavens and the earth, and the very mountains, a loud song of praise. It is all the result of the great love of Him whose love is beyond that of a mother's love for her babe. To assure us that He will not forget or forsake us, He says, "Behold, I have graven thee upon the palms of my hands." The word "graven" indicates the use of a sharp instrument, which carves deeply and permanently our names in His very flesh, as the sharp, Roman nails pierced the palms of our Lord's hands on the Cross. How can He forget or forsake us? The sacred work of engraving is done by God himself: "I have graven thee upon the palms of my hands." The death of the Cross was entirely voluntary. Can we wonder that such a message attracts the millions of the ends of the earth, even to the jungle people, who sometimes do not seem to have the intelligence of human beings? Many fall down, love and trust, and worship Him. Those from the interior of the remotest isles and from the land of Sinim are "coming, coming, from afar!"

-The Pioneer (Celebes Islands). The Missionary Message for Today By PROF. JULIUS RICHTER, Berlin, Germany Editor of Neue Allegemeine Missions Zeitschri/tj Author of "Missions in India," Etc., Etc.

D URING the last twenty-five years there has uniqueness has been restricted so as to fit into the been a good deal of discussion as to the line prescribed by this or that philosophy of reli- essential content of the missionary message gion. Of course Christian messengers have al- and the methods of its application. The content ways to be on their guard against such shortcuts.

of the Gospel message was set forth in the great Battles have never been won by continuous com- declarations of the Lausanne and the Jerusalem promise or repeated retreats.

Conferences. Some will wish to add particular At other times the greater danger has been to doctrines of their Church, yet all will agree that emphasize particular points of the Message so the main lines are drawn distinctly. The central onesidedly that they were out of all proportion to content of the Gospel message may be expressed its body. Sects generally have the tendency to in two statements: stress their particular doctrines to such an extent First, that in the fullness of time God sent His and in such wise that the message unavoidably only begotten Son that, through His death on the becomes distorted and disfigured. The history of cros!s and by His resurrection, the new era of the the Christian Church and of the missionary move- world was inaugurated in which everyone of us ment is full of examples, such as Christian Sci- is offered justification by faith in Christ and re- ence, Mormonism, chiliasms of different kinds, ceives sonship in God's household. The whole uni- Pentecostal movements, or even disNnct doctrines verse looks forward to the consummation of the of the Church, the Apostolic succession, the sacra- Kingdom of God in glory. ments, or the legitimate offices of the Church.

The other statement is that all New Testament On the other hand the doctrine as an all round writings harmonize in their teaching of the new system of theology, with all its definitions and conception of God as our Father through Jesus scholastic determinations, is pushed into the fore- Christ. There is reinterpretation of the Old Tes- ground so that wholesale acceptance of a partament in the light of the Christian conception. ticular creed has seemed to be all that was asked Jesus the Christ is the Messiah of the prophets for and needed, obliterating the maj or issues of and His sacrifice on the Cross was for the consum- regeneration and of a full-orbed Christian life.

mation of His Kingdom. At the same time He By manifold exchanges and reapproachments lives in His believers and the Holy Spirit is the of the churches at home and abroad, by interde- pledge and guarantee of the divine life. The nominaNonal missionary conferences, by the ecu- Church is the spiritual body of Christ. The two menical movements, by a widespread missionary sacraments are baptism and the Lord's Supper. literature and by maturing missionary experience, We have remission of sins through the Cross of common convictions are growing and, as a re- Christ, and look forward to the resurrection of suIt, we hope that the dangers of adulterating the the body in spiritual form. However we formulate message in one or another direction will diminish. this belief we are able to reach an almost general A danger of a different kind which is becoming agreement. more and more apparent-it has always been There has always been a subtle danger either of present yet we have not always recognized it-is shortening the Gospel by pushing into the back- the radically different character of the Asiatic ground some beliefs which seemed to be at vari- culture religions which renders very difficult a ance with generally agreed upon convictions. The satisfactory approach and a full understanding miracle in any and every form has been an offence by those to whom the appeal is made. Let us to those who regard the law of cause and effect as choose those main religions to make our point the incontrovertible foundation of science. Any- clear. thing supernatural, or anti-rational was relegated Hinduism is a variegated group of religions; to a time when rational minds ruled supreme. yet in almost all of them the pantheism of the Comparative religion has seemed to prove that Brahman conception, the disvaluation of existence Christianity is only one of many religions, though by maya, and the robbing of life of any meaning of course the best and the most perfect. Its by the doctrine of endless transmigrations are [20 ]

THE MISSIONARY MESSAGE FOR TODAY

lurking in the background. Redemption appar- Deep thinking is necessary to understand the ently is the common aim of Christianity and of points of view of those other religions, to value Hinduism, but its meaning is radically different aright the enormous amount of pious meditation in the two religions. In Hinduism it means ceas- that underlies them; to estimate the gulf seping to e}Qist, in Christianity it means consumma- arating them from the fundamental facts and contion of existence. The situation becomes more victions of Christianity; to build a solid bridge difficult and complicated as, in the numberless of clear thought and sound religious experience sects and currents of Hinduism; the variations of across that gulf and to lead the followers of these the foreground and of the background of life are religions carefully and lovingly across. so illusive that one never knows exactly where one stands. The spiritual history of converts of But the question raised was quite different. It first-rate, like Nehemiah Goreh, would be tragic is this: Should the simple Gospel of salvation under this point of view but it is instructive and through Christ be the main content of the misshould be carefully studied by Indian mission- sionary message or should additional teaching be included along more complex theological lines, aries. church polity, social service and other Christian The situation is slightly different with regard obligations? To this question we give fourfold answer: to Buddhism though it participates in all the fundamental errors of Hinduism, pushing the doc- 1. Doubtless the Gospel message must be intetrine of transmigration a disastrous step farther grated in the life of the messenger and in that of by denying any continuity of the soul or any real- the Christian congregation has accepted Christ's ity of self. Splitting into many branches in Hina- message and is sending the messages. The old yana, and even more in Mahayana, Buddhism has Latin proverb is quite right: Vita clerici evanbuilt up a religious structure which enables its gelium popali – the life of the clergyman is the devotees to live on two different levels-there is Gospel read and understood by the people. That the radical nihilism of the sunyata doctrine of the is even more true in pagan countries where the absolute emptiness of the universe and the won- missionaries' homes have glass walls, open doors derfully pictorial imagery of the western para- and windows and are scrutinized carefully, or dise; there is the radical atheism of original Bud- even suspiciously, from morning to night. How dhism and the temples of the ten thousand idols; often one false move of a young missionary has there is the almost superhuman concentration of spoiled his work. It is the same with the Chrismeditation observed by hermits immured in lonely tian congregation growing up under the message. caves in the wilderness, and the blatant sacramen- They must "show forth the praises of Him who talism and sacerdotalism of endless religious serv- has called them out of darkness into his marvelices, prayer wheels, and readings of canonical lous light" (1 Peter 2: 9). They must shine as books by the weeks and months. It is as if a pil- lights against their dark environment. grim were walking through a wonderful paradise, yet a dismal abyss were lurking below engulfing 2. It is unavoidable that the missionary movehim at every step. How extremely difficult it is ment in all times has had its concomitants in faeven to stir up a feeling of that realism with re- vorable or unfavorable contemporaneous currents. gard to religion which is characteristic of Chris- In the three first centuries the six or seven orientianity. tal "mystery movements" were competing with the young Christian religion, all of them equally Or lOOK at Confucianism. Since the brilliant profiting by the decomposition of the traditional expositions of Professor de Groot in his famous religions of the nations within the Roman empire, book, "Universismus," we have become fully con- and by the awakened hunger after the living God. scious of the scope of law and harmony in the On a different plane in the Middle Ages, and again world, the same laws pervading nature and men, in the nineteenth century, Christian missions individuals and society; every trespass troubling were regarded as the outstanding exponents of the harmony having its punishment; sacrifices the highest civilization within reach of their misnecessary for the restoration of the cosmic order. sionary constituency. Such situations are rapidly On this basis, of course, the Christian conception changing; for older Christians it is astounding of the fall, of sin, particularly original sin, of re- how the background has shifted from the general demption by the cross of Christ, of a radical re- admiration for the "Christian civilization" of the casting of a lost universe in the consummation of "Christian nations" to the anti-white and antithe Kingdom of God – all these are considered christian currents of the present time. Christian utter nonsense. Yet how can we convince a well- missionaries need wisdom to keep in view the trained Chinese, immersed from early boyhood in fundamental difference and the dividing line bethe teachings of his classics, that his optimistic tween their Message and their contemporaneous world view is wrong and that the Christian con- concomitants; they dare not confound the ideal ception fully agrees with the real facts of life? of democracy with the Gospel of Christ. If they battle with a united front, they must always march Fourthly, the missionaries are conscious that separately, or the opposite. they are nothing more or less than the channels through which the Spirit of Christ is working in Thirdly, there are situations and conditions of our generation. Their deepest desire is to open misery and degradation against which Christian these channels by keeping their own lives pure, philanthropy cannot remain callous and never has to make them an effective testimonial for this been. If thousands of "untouchables" are losing Spirit. To remove all obstacles which block the their meagre means of existence by conversion channels and hinder the flow of the Spirit is the and baptism, the missionaries would be hard- main content of their missionary meditations and hearted if they were not on the lookout for means planning. of improving their disastrous plight. If the present Bolshevistic communism is offering the hope- In a ruined castle in South Germany I read an lessly impoverished masses of the East a worldly almost vanished inscription: Hic transitat Cmsar: Gospel of a happy classless state, with complete "Here the emperor entered." I was awe-struck, equality of social standard, Christian missions remembering the glorious time of the emperors would be on a lost track if they did not add to and what they meant to my fatherland. I felt their preaching of the Kingdom of righteousness, near to their ancient glories. The invisible insome broad-minded and forward-looking schemes scription over the door of all foreign missions of social help that visibly interpret their Gospel. reads: Hic transit Christ: "Here our Lord Jesus Missionaries cannot remain stolid in view of the Christ invisibly passes through the lands." Only sea of sickness and suffering, particularly if they in so far as all missions follow in His footsteps; remember that European vagrants, colonial in- only so far as missionaries, "with open face befluences, and world commerce have transplanted holding as in a mirror the glory of the Lord, are new terrible scourges and plagues, and that the changed into the same image from glory to glory, natives rightly would curse the Christian civiliza- even as by the Spirit of the Lord" is their work tion and its exponents, if the missionaries piti- owned by the Lord and produces eternal value. lessly look at their doom. He is the living, life-giving message for all time.

DISTINCTIVE FEATURES OF MODERN CHRISTIAN MISSIONS 1. Modern missions have a more extensive geographic spread than missions in previous cen- turies, as well as contact with a much wider range of cultures and religion.

2. The number of kinds of Christianity propagated is very large in the modern era, because so many different communions are participating in spreading the faith.

3. In spite of the divisions of Protestantism there is very extensive cooperation between Prot- estant missionary forces.

4. Missions are almost completely divorced from the political policy of the lands from which they have come, in marked contrast to what was the common practice in previous cen- turies.

5. Missionaries are protesting as never before against the exploitation by their fellow coun- trymen of the people among whom the missionaries live. This is not to forget the work done long ago by Las Casas in trying to check the Spanish conquistadores. .

6. Missions have a much broader base of financial support, being participated in by a very large number of persons, as contrasted with missions in earlier times when they were mainly supported by the state, or by political or ecclesiastical magnates.

7. The large part played by women is one of the most distinctive features of Protestant mis- sions, women outnumbering men on the field, while at home women carry a large part of the burden of supporting missions.

8. The great number of social and humanitarian activities attached to modern missions is another very distinctive characteristic. Schools, hospitals, famine relief, agricultural improvement and cooperative societies are very common features.

9. The standard for admission to baptism is generally very high. Consequently there have been much fewer mass conversions than in previous centuries. Protestant missions have preferred to have fewer converts than to admit people who were not prepared for mem- bership.

10. Though there have not been many mass conversions there has been a great deal of "mass modification" of the customs and ethical standards of the countries where missions operate, much of such modification being due directly or indirectly to missions.-Prof.

Latourette of Yale University; International Review of Missions.

CROSSI:'-iG A PART OF THE, GREAT ARABIA:-I DESERT IN

Medical Work I• n Arabia W. H. STORM, M.D., F.R.G.S., Bahrain, Persian Gulf.

Missionary of the Reformed Church in America p MO,N,'G m,issionary statesmen, metho,ds of P,ro- In the following words the late Sir William claiming the Gospel are often indicated as Osler has well depicted the unique qualifications of direct and indirect. The direct method' a doctor: means the direct preaching of the Gospel alonl:i,) By his commission the physician is sent to the sick.

while the indirect method aims at reaching the and knowing in his calling neither Jew nor Gentile, bond people through education, healing, and various or free, perhaps he alone rises superior to those differ- ences which separate and make us dwell apart, too often philanthropic works, such as social uplift,,~ll oblivious to the common hopes and frailities which should bind us together as a race. In his professional relations, with varying degrees of preaching and personal though divided by national lines, there remains the feel- work interspersed. ' ','

Missionaries among Moslems are working witli ing that he belongs to a guild which owes no local al- legiance, which has neither king nor country, but whose the greatest social and religious system that has work is in the world. The Aesculapian temple has given evolved ,in the world since Christ. It is the place to the hospital, and the priestly character of the strongest opponent, today, of Christianity. Year physician has vanished with the age; still, there is with after year missionaries plod along using both us a strong feeling of brotherhood, a sense of unity, methods, of missionary endeavor with but little which the limitations of language, race and country have tangible results. The rock of Islam seems impreg- not been able to efface.

nable a.nd' the Christian Church remains asleep When to these qualifications strong missionary to its challenge. Everywhere among Moslems the zeal is added, the doctor then becomes peculiarly mi~sionary doctor has proved himself to be' a fitted for work among the Moslems.

most vaJifable asset in winning friendships and When we analyze our work as medical mis- thus making contacts for otJ:l.er workers ;,~()f br.eak~ sionaries, we ask ourselves the question; Is our ing down prejudice, opposition, fear, anQ super- task, i.e., the task of the medical people, dif- stition; of softening the fanaticism of heart and ferent from that of other missionaries? I think mind; and of opening up closed fields. it is the duty of everyone of us to first lay aside [ 23 ]

the mantle of his profession, and face the task It is too €asy for us medical people to say that in the light of all being first and foremost am- the evangelistic end of the hospital work is the bassadors of Christ. Our work is then what?' pastor's job. There ought to be the highest type In the words of the Master we read the Great of cooperation between the evangelistic worker Commission: "Go ye therefore, and teach all and the doctor, and, if in the hospital wards and the hospital clinics, and on tours, the evangelistic worker sees an opportunity to further his con- tacts and deliver the message of Christ, he should be encouraged. But in no sense does this l€ssen the responsibilities and duties of the doctor.

Let us look at our hospitals as a unit. What do they stand for in the community? Are they places where· medicine is given fr€e, and the doctor is some sort of Santa Claus doling out pills and salts free of char.,ge? Is it a competing insti- tution with other irtstitutions nearby? If so, I am afraid we have little excuse for existing. On the other hand, does it stand out clear-cut as a PASSING SOME OF THE BLACK TENTS OF ARABIA definite witness for Christ both in its ministry of nations, baptizing them in the name of the Father, healing and its proclamation of His message? and of the Son, and of the Holy Ghost." If we cannot see in our hospitals this definite mis- sionary program, then in the name of all that is Our training has been entirely different, i.e., just, have we any right to POs€ as Christian misthe training of the teacher and the evangelist sionary doctors and nurses in a Moslem land? has been quite different from that of the medical person. The doctor can remove an appendix,. or Because of the extr€me isolation of mission stasew up a wound, while the preacher would find it tions in a field like Arabia, it is often necessary to extremely difficult; and vice versa, the duties develop one's own hospital staff. Native boys who. of the preacher and the teacher would be equally show an adaptibility to hospital work are trained.

hard for the doctor. Our applications must of necessity then be different, but is it not entirely true that we are aiming at the same goal and the same ends? What is this goal, and what are th€se ends? Are they not, in simple language, the giving of Christ as Saviour to the people among whom we work?

In the medical field, unquestionably, lies the op- portunity to show our training and our knowledge along medical lines. It is our job to teach, where- ever we can, the principles of hygiene. and sani- tation, and to do all in our power to lessen the spread of dis€ase and to relieve suffering; to put it into one sentence, to uplift the physical and social, and thereby the economical scale of the people among whom we work. Can we stop there and say that we have set a Christian exampl€ and thus take satisfaction in a job well done? In the name of social service, Yes; but in the name of Christian missions, No. Can we stop with the satisfaction gained by having done all we can to relieve human suffering among those with whom we have come in contact? We will have done a Christ-like service and given a picture of Christ in one of his most wonderful aspects. That is most worth while, but surely we cannot stop there.

We must link that s€rvice up with the real mes- sage and our real purpose so that the service and the one who serves will not overshadow the Christ whose ambassadors we are. DESERT URCHINS OF ARABIA

MEDICAL WORK IN ARABIA

Photo by W. Harold Storm A CLINIC HELD BY DR. STORM FOR ARABS OF THE DESERT By daily example of real Christ-like living among the medical and evangelistic points of view. Even those on whom he must depend for his assistants, when these women are interested in a Christ who the doctor has his greatest responsibility. If he would bring hope into their lives, they are forsets the proper example they will follow; if he bidden to attend church where they might hear fails they are in a worse state, for an ideal has more of Him, or if the evangelist is too zealous vanished. A daily prayer meeting to begin the she may find it difficult to gain access to the day's work, attended by all the staff from the women. And here is where the doctor is of utsweeper to the doctor where God's blessing on the most importance. She is too necessary to be forday's work is asked, and where everyone senses bidden to the houses, and so the way remains open the real purpose of the mission hospital, starts the for her to bring Christ into the harems. Even the day in the proper spirit and does much to win the most fanatical Moslem cannot remain too severely Moslem helper. The importance of a continuous antagonistic to the Christian through whom the Christian atmosphere among the hospital boys is life of a favorite wife or child is preserved. evident when' one realizes that they have even closer contacts with the patients than the doctor. In Moslem lands medical tours playa very large Inasmuch as they are natives they can enter into part in our work. The history of the Arabian an inner circle of thought that is well nigh im- Mission is indeed a history of medical tours. At possible for a foreigner to penetrate. A hospital first, tours were made along the coast, then inhelper in Bahrain who was an earnest inquirer land. In 1917, Dr. Harrison was called to Riadh and undergoing severe persecution, was on the and made the first inland tour to the heart of verge of throwing all aside. Because of the per- Arabia. Others followed reaching Taif near the sonal nature of these problems there was little Red Sea and Hail in the extreme north. Then, in that we could do for him except to show love and 1935, I was able to make a tour of 5,000 miles sympathy. One day he said to the doctor, "It is across the peninsula and around the coasts from love that has conquered me." Yenbo to Bahrain visiting all provinces. Thus medical tours have touched many parts of the Perhaps the most useful and necessary medical Arabian Peninsula. work in Arabia and among Moslems everywhere, is that done by the woman doctor. There are From a purely medical point of view and the scarcely any people more in dire medical need frequent discomforts it often causes the doctor, than Arab women and children, and there is also touring is far from satisfactory. But evangelistino work more difficult and discouraging both from cally, the opportunities are unlimited, and for making acquaintances among Arabs their worth

is invaluable. For example, we went to Jahara, taining the doctor and his friend? And so we all a village near Kuwait, unannounced, and in just gather around the coffee cups. a few minutes, despite the fact that we were at first told to go home, there had gathered sixty to I refuse to do more treatment and try to rele- gate myself as much as possible into the back- ground – a difficult and most essential part of every medical missionary's task. The evening clinic then belongs to my colleague. Conversation follows in a free and natural way. Invariably it takes a religious turn, for no one is more religious than our Moslem brother. In his mind several obvious comparisons are at work. He often asks questions. Why did the doctor come today? Why does he treat these people with love and kindness? Why do we not do the same?

He has seen the practical demonstration of the Christian message, and now it is our opportunity to proclaifu£the Good News to an interested audi- ence. Often we show them a beautiful picture such as the Good Shepherd, and follow that by reading to. them the Shepherd's story from the tenth chapter of John. Their Hfe is so wrapped up in their· desert and their sheep that this story registers with real meaning. They love to look and look at the picture. On into the evening we discuss together Christ as the Good Shepherd.

The mejilis breaks up and we retire to our rest under the bright stars of an Arab night. Our PUSHING OUR AUTO OUT OF TROUBLE ON ARABIAN TOUR seventy men. Some we treated with the few med- THE FAMOUS MINARET IN TARIM, HADRAMAUT icines we had brought along. Then they listened to the story of the prodigal son. We left; the casual hearts are thankful that God has given us this observer might say, what is the use of all that opportunity, and our prayers are, that His Spirit trouble? But in two or three days, four or five may speak and work in the hearts and minds of people came into the hospital as in-patients. One our Arab friends. man nearly dead from scurvy and malnutrition was brought in on a donkey the whole twenty miles and we were able to save his life. While he was an in-patient he saw for the first time in his life Christ's love in action.

The method which I have found most satisfactory in presenting the Gospel story to my Arab friends is itinerary village work.

There are many ways in which to carry out village tours, but this way is most effective. The evangelistic worker and I go to a village together. We start out in the late afternoon after the heat of the day has subsided. Immediately upon arriving a crowd gathers upon the shady side of one of their date stick huts, and I hold a clinic. We then eat dinner with one of the villagers. Following the meal, as is customary among the Arabs, they all gather together for coffee and to exchange the day's news. Our host's mejilis (meeting-place) is most popular. Is he not enter-

Bible and the Koran

By the REV. E. W. G. HUDGELL, M.A., Port Said Egypt Secretary of the British and Foreign Bible Society I T WAS a hot afternoon in Cairo. A young mis- him. This "having the mind darkened" is a fair sionary was wrestling with the grammatical reflection of the spiritual state of such men. As perplexities of the Arabic language. His for a copy of the Koran finding its way into the teacher, an Egyptian with a Western education, hands of an unbeliever (i. e., a non-Moslem), that, was patient and sympathetic. too, is generally looked upon with disfavor.

"English is a better language," he remarked. Reverence for Scripture "Why do you say that?" asked the astonished student. There is found in Moslem lands a reverence for "Because," was the reply, "with English you what may be termed "Holy Scripture," i. e. an read in order to know; but with Arabic you know authoritative book, divine in origin and an infalin order to read!" lible guide. This reverence may be regarded as Here is a fundamental difference of concept in exaggerated; but it exists. Not only do Moslems regard to the function of language. An equally display such reverence towards. the Koran, but deep cleavage of opinion exists between the Chris- many of them also include the Holy Bible. tian view of the function of the Bible and the Here is one case out of numb~rs that are re- Moslem view of the function of the Koran. The ported from time to time. "While 1 was waiting Christian will approve when he hears it said, "A for a train at the station, a Moslem approached Gospel is the best tract." For a tract is meant to and in a low voice asked for a Bible. 1 at once be read in order that a man may come to know- opened my bag and handed him one. He took it, may come to know his own sinfulness, his power- looked up towards the sky and said, 'Thanks be to lessness to help himself and "the loving-kindness Thee, 0 Lord, for sending me this Bible.' Then of God our Saviour" who provides a way of sal- he kissed ~t, enquired the price and paid it saying, vation from sin and furnishes men with the power 'I have lived all my life in sin, and have been a to live according to His will. great man only in doing evil. But a year ago a It is this view of the Bible-the view that it has man like you gave me a Gospel according to St. a divine message of its own apart from human John. 1 laughed at him for giving me such a expounding-that a man by reading it may come book, told myself that it would do me no good, and to know the message as .one for his own soul- put it in my pocket. One day while 1 was sitting which led Charles Spurgeon to ask the indignant alone, 1 took it out and began to read it from the question, "Defend the Bible? 1 would as soon beginning. 1 found it very interesting and went think of defending a lion! Let it out! It can take on reading until 1 finished it. Then 1 read it again care of itself!" and again. 1 asked Christians about the things 1 did not understand, gave up the bad things 1 It is this profound faith in the efficacy of the used to do, and became a new man. 1 believe in Holy Scriptures that is the motive that leads the Bible Societies to promote the widest possible dis- Christ that He is my Saviour, because He loved tribution in all languages, in all lands, in all sinners; and 1 always speak with my Moslem hands. brethren about Christ, so that they call me, in our Not so, however, is it with the Moslem and the village, the preacher of Christ.' " Koran. He believes that Arabic is "the language This respect for the Bible on the part of Mosof the angels" and regards it as blasphemous to lems is due in part to a passage in the Koran which translate the Koran out of its original Arabic into says, "We also caused Jesus the son of Mary to any other language. It has been done in some follow the footsteps of the prophets, confirming cases even by Moslems themselves; but only into the law which was sent down before him; and we five or six languages in all; and the .attempt is gave him the Gospel, containing direction and not generally regarded with favor. Such conser- light; confirming also the law which was given vatism towards the language of the Koran leads before it, and a direction and admonition unto to the unedifying spectacle of a Bengali, for ex- those who fear God; that they who have received ample, struggling to memorize it and to repeat, the Gospel might judge according to what God parrot-fashion, words which have no meaning for hath revealed therein." (Sale, "The Koran," p. 79.) [27]

This seemingly favorable passage is somewhat The literary Arabic is much the same in all nullified by one immediately following it: "We countries where Arabic is read, but the colloquial have also sent down unto thee the book of the differs widely from country to country. In Egypt, Koran with truth, confirming that Scripture for example, a request for "leben" brings milk aR which was revealed before it; and preserving the it is commonly understood; in Palestine, the same same safe from corruption." request would bring loppered milk. So great is the disparity between the colloquials of Egypt and PILGRIMS BOUND FOR MECCA Palestine that a scornful maidservant in Jeru- salem once remarked of the writer, "He can't This superiority ascribed to the Koran over the speak Arabic; he can only talk Egyptian!" Law and the Gospel is interpreted to mean that it has superseded them. What little favorable testi- The Bible Societies strive to make use of the mony the Koran does give to the Bible is appealed atmosphere of reverence for Scripture found in to and used, with mutual respect, when the Bible Moslem lands. "They find, on the other hand, obis offered to Moslems and is made a reason for jections to the Bible and seek for the right antelling them that they ought to read it. Often the swers. They also endeavor to surmount the reply comes: "The Bible is for Christians and barriers of colloquial speech by publishing Bible the Koran for Moslems." portions in different varieties of it. The Arabic Bible in literary style, that enduring monument The answer to this objection is, '''The Bible is to the careful and scholarly labors of two great the Word of God; and God means His Word to American missionaries, Dr. Eli Smith and Dr. C. be for all men whether they be Christians or Mos- Van Dyck, is firmly fixed in estimation of edulems or Jews." cated people, and circulates throughout the lands -South America, North Africa, Western Asia, Two Kinds of Arabic Arabia and the East Indies – where Arabic is It ought to be made clear that there are two read. Its potential outreach to people is greater, kinds of Arabic, literary and colloquial. The two perhaps, than that of. the Bible in any language are so diverse as to be almost different languages. save English. The importance of this can hardly A confident graduate of a Western university, be overestimated. But to those of little learning who had studied literary Arabic during his col- it is laboriously difficult to read and often uninlege career, arrived in Cairo and set out at once telligible. For such, therefore, there is a growing alone to buy a few necessities at native shops. His volume of pUblication in the language of everypolished periods, however, produced only uncom- day life, natural and easy, flexible and unstilted. prehending dismay in the faces of the shopkeepers. None of the necessities were produced The chief usefulness of these colloquial texts at until he was rescued by a passing friend who present is for reading aloud to small gatherings could chatter away in "the vulgar tongue." of the illiterate, especially the women and girls whose education is considered of little or no im- portance ! They also find some acceptance among Jews – of whom there are thousands in North Africa and Egypt, to say nothing of Palestine- who, although they may have some knowledge of Hebrew, yet do their trading in Arabic. A col- porteur reported recently, "I entered a Jewish shop where there were three men and began to read aloud to them from the Psalms in Egyptian colloquial Arabic. I noticed signs of delight on the faces of all three. Each of them bought a copy, and one of them added, 'If the Bible Society had not taken the trouble to publish this transla- tion, the Bible would have become to us but a venerable antiquity.' "

Problems of Distribution The great problem confronting the Bible So- cieties in Moslem lands is that of distribution. How can we get the books into the hands of those who can read, and especially those who are not Christians. There are some favorable factors in the situation but the unfavorable ones and the

THE BIBLE AND THE KORAN CONTRASTED

prejudices against the Bible are stronger far than Indeed, he does; and indeed God can through those for it. Illiteracy is general. It is useless to the Word! Several colporteurs are themselves dump books on people who will not and cannot converts from Islam.

read them. Under such circumstances the only For Ohristian Minorities hope of success is to pick men carefully for the personal work, train them in their task, and su- Christians are a minority in all the Moslem pervise them constantly in such a way as to allow lands except in the Republic of the Lebanon, of them freedom of spirit, while maintaining the which Beirut is the capital. It is necessary to level of their spiritual life and business efficiency. Such a ministry by a Bible Society agent forms a have lived with a Christian minority to appreciate very real "cure of souls." That it is done, is not known, as a rule, outside Bible Society circles- "the reproach of Christ" and what a shame (soand not always even within them! But it is done, and it produces results. It gives the colporteur cially) it can be to be a Christian. There is, morean honorable vocation. He is no longer despised over, an impalpable and silent but yet very real as one who has become a colporteur because he is fit for nothing else! "Ambition should be made pressure exerted on the soul by the presence of of sterner stuff." When once the colporteur real- Islam in the mass, and by the spiritual deadness izes that he holds an honorable place among the workers for the Kingdom of God, he gets the right and dryness induced thereby. If this is felt by ambition-the most unselfish and uplifting ambition in the world-to be boundlessly ambitious for missionaries from the West, with all their spir- God. As a Syrian colporteur observed, "I am itual advantages, how much more will it affect the happier at selling a man a Bible than at anything scattered native Christians! There will often be else I know." That same man spent his holiday but one or two Christian families in the whole of last Christmas Day in selling Bibles because, as a big Moslem village. Their lot is hard; for nothhe said, it was a good day on which to offer men ing is quite so cruel and inhuman as "religion" the story of the birth of Jesus. They are drawn without the boundless love and compassion of from many walks of life-weavers, tailors, boot- Christ. A visit from an itinerant Bible seller is makers, carpenters, farm-hands. Many of those often a God-send to people in such a case. Three in Egypt owe their education to the American cases have come to light in recent months where Presbyterian Mission-the largest in the country. such visits, accompanied by the reading of the Bible aloud, have slerved to keep back lonely Chris- What do these men accomplish in Egypt during tian men from apostatizing and denying their an average year? The American and British So- faith. One was in Trans-Jordan, another in a country village of the Nile Delta, and the third in Alexandria.

No less than 80 % of the population of Egypt is afflicted with eye-trouble in one form or an- cieties, both of which are at work in the country, other. It is imperative, therefore, that the Scripemploy about 32 men. The population of the tures should be constantly available in large, bold country is a little less than 16,000,000, of whom type. For those who have quite lost their sight about 1,000,000 are Christians. The total circula- and have to read with their fingers, the complete tion of the two Societies combined, in the year Arabic Bible is published in Braille type and fills 1935 in Egypt, was just under 152,000 books. 32 volumes. Each volume costs an average of In Syria during the same year the total circula- $1.25 to produce, but is sold at a flat rate of the tion of the two Societies amounted to nearly equivalent of 371;2 cents. Where poverty is too 34,000 of which the.colporteurs were responsible deep to raise even that much, a gift is made upon for the sale of 24,000. In Iraq the colporteurs the fulfilment of certain reasonable conditions.

sold nearly 12,000 books out of a total circulation "Drops of water hollow out rocks," albeit they of 15,600. It is not too much to say that the col- take a long time over doing it. Drops of the Water porteur is the backbone of Bible-work in Moslem of Life are being poured onto stony hearts. It lands. They themselves recognize the importance takes a long time to produce appreciable results.

and significance of their work, as is shown by the Who, in view of the method and the problem, following incident. would expect anything else? But there is an ex- A colporteur offered a Bible to some Moslems hilaration, an inspiration, sometimes even an ex- who were sitting in a shop. citement about keeping the drip constant-week "Are you a preacher?" one of them asked. after week, month after month, year after year.

"No," was the reply, "I am a colporteur." Here and there, in individual lives, there shows "Beware!" said another man. "This man is sufficient success to encourage-to counteract the worse than a preacher who speaks and goes away. gloomy entry, "Sold, and no result." Who knows?

This man leaves a book that is able to convert the Keep the drip constant; the results are in God's Moslems !" keeping. Christian Morale in War–Torn China By REV. FRANK W. PRICE, Shanghai Missionary of the Presbyterian Church, U. S.

TETTERS from all parts of war-torn China re- from a well-known Christian educator and church- L veal a marvelous spirit of faith and courage. man in Nanking. He was still carrying on his The Chinese nation and people believe that work and his wife and children were still in the they are fighting a "war of independence" against city, in spite of 65 air raids between August 15 military aggression and oppression. Although and October 20.

weaker in material equipment and arms, China is "The growing interest and sympathy in Amer- strong in purpose and the people are ready for ica at present is in large measure the direct result every necessary sacrifice to win the ultimate vic- of efforts put forth by many friends China has tory for freedom. Missionaries in China are al- among your people. The American sense of jus- most unanimously in sympathy with China's cause tice and humanity is a rich source from which and believe that one of their great contributions will come a strong moral support that will nerve at the present time is to help maintain the morale China in her struggle and hence will bind the two of the people. Chinese Christian leaders are ris- peoples in closer and more solid friendship so as to ing to the emergency and are doing their part protect effectively the peace of the world. . . .

heroically by carrying on their regular work or "China has finally been compelled to defend her- special work in the face of great dangers and by self. She is now staking her all on the tremen- a devoted ministry of relief to the wounded and .dous task of breaking the yoke of oppression, and homeless. This work is winning praise on all of securing the right for independent existence.

sides. These are most terrible days that China has to go Four representative statements, out of a large through but she is quite prepared for the sacrifice.

number received within the past month, show how In no struggle has there ever been a more perfect missionaries and Chinese Christians are bearing example bf spiritual forces against the material.

their witness in this greatest crisis of China's China is opposing an enemy many times better history. armed than herself. It is a wonder that the Chi- lo Christian educational institutions. The fol- nese army has been able to meet the onslaughts lowing statement issued on September 24 by the and hinder the enemy's progress. We cannot forefaculty of Cheeloo· University, situated at Tsinan, cast the duration of this life-and-death struggle, in Shantung Province, is typical of what the but we are convinced of the determination of the Christian schools in China are saying and doing Government and people not to stop short of the in the war situation: achievement of an entire and independent national "The faculty realizes that the time may come existence. The present warfare has done away when heavy bombardment or the approach of the with the distinction of front and rear, of military invading army will make it seem wise for the re- and civilian, of combatant' and non-combatant.

maining faculty and students to scatter. It is The whole nation is bleeding; those who are not important for everyone to understand that such bleeding in flesh are bleeding in heart. The air- a contingency, or even possible destruction of raids make us feel glad in a way that we are shar- some of the buildings, and loss of equipment, will ing in the sacrifice of the nation."

not destroy Cheeloo. This institution consists not 3. Missionaries. Rev. Ronald Rees, secretary so much in land and bricks and tile, as in tradi- of the National Christian Council in China, writes tions, in its records of work, in loyalty of staff and of the changed situations and new opportunities students and alumni, in reputation and support facing the missionary. Speaking of the great mi- in many countries. These things are not easily gration from the coastal provinces to the interior, destroyed, and, from them, if necessary, Cheeloo he says: can rise again, whatever may be in store for her "Northerners have gone on to Sian, Hankow, buildings in the immediate future." Changsha, and many of them on farther. Gov- 2. Chinese Christiq,n leaders. The following ernment and educational organizations are estab-, paragraphs are taken from a letter just received lished now in Hankow, Changsha, Chungking. I [30 ]

CHRISTIAN M'ORALE IN WAR-TORN CHINA '31

think we may expect to see the tide rolling on to that would be heard above the din of battle strife Szechwan, Kweichow, Kwangsi and Yunnan. and reach every member of our home church.

"What effect will these movements have on the "Weare witnesses of the heroic sacrifices and people of China and their future? In the first sufferings of the people to whom we have been place ordinary men and women (not only stu- sent, in their determined oneness of purpose to dents and intellectuals) are conscious as never preserve at all costs their national existence and before of a national emergency and its cause. freedom against a powerful and inhuman military Secondly, national unity is being extended and machine. The bravery of the Chinese soldiers deepened by the common bond of suffering. In commands our admiration, and the patient en- the third place, the intellectual leaders of China durance of the ordinary people stirs our sympathy had been chiefly in the coastal provinces. Many and desire to help. But more than this, we are are now going far inland, perhaps for an extended touched by the turning of the people to us for period. The modernizing and westernizing proc- comfort and encouragement in this darkest hour ess is bound to be hastened in central and west- of their national history.

ern China. "Our Chinese friends in all walks of life were "The people staying in the coastal provinces are bewildered by the very suggestion that all mis- going to need the most tender and faithful sup- sionaries might be withdrawn from China. They port. So, also, those in the northern provinces could not see that it was necessary, and to them torn away from the main body and under foreign it looked like a flight. We have lived and worked (and probably ruthless) domination, if the experi- with them through peace and famine and pesti- ence of Korea and Manchuria means anything. lence and civil wars, and now at the moment of But the center and west of China are going to be their extreme national peril they still look to their open in new ways, for there the heart and mind Christian friends to stay by them and meet what- of China may be centered." ever may come. Their Christian leaders have said The following messages are taken from groups this openly, and innumerable individuals have of Southern Presbyterian missionaries whose said so privately to their missionary acquaintwork in Chekiang and Kiangsu has been acutely ances, and the faces of multitudes express their affected, to their home church. From a group at satisfaction at seeing their foreign friends carry- ing on as usual. Tsingtao: "Our work is slowed down, not stopped. Prac- "When we see these things we are profoundly impressed with the potentialities of these troutically all our churches and institutions are carry- blous times. We are now faced with the greatest ing on in one way or another through the faithful crisis that has ever confronted the Church of cooperation of our Chinese fellow-workers. The Christ in this land. The Chinese word for crisis outlook for Christian work in China at the out- is made up of two words, "danger" and "opportubreak of hostilities was unprecedented. The peo- nity." We are not blind to the dangers, but we are ple were more friendly and open-minded than at thrilled at the thought of the opportunities before any previous time. There was a steady stream of accessions to the company of believers and the us. We appeal to you for your loyal and faithful churches had made marked advance in church support as we face these dangers and opporconsciousness and self-support. They, too, were tunities. getting a fresh and inspiring vision of our obli- "This is not a time to quit, but supremely a time gation and opportunity. . . . At a time like this to stand by. On all sides we see stores with the the influence and opportunity of the missionary fronts boarded up as a protection against bombs who shares the sorrows of the people and com- and bullets, but with the sign on the door, "Busiforts and counsels is greatly enhanced as com- . ness as usual." As Christians in the business of the Kingdom, this should also be our motto. God's pared with ordinary times." work must not and cannot stop."

A group of twenty-three missionaries in Shang- These letters reveal the intrepid missionary hai, many of whom were going back and forth to spirit in China now. their stations in or near the fighting area, wrote as follows: 4. Chinese appreciation of Christian sympathy "With the resounding explosions of bombs and and support. In many ways government leaders shells, the hum of airplanes, and the rat~tat-tat of and the non-Christian public have expressed their machine guns in our ears, constantly reminding appreciation of the stand taken by missionaries us of the struggle to the death in which this be- and Chinese Christians. On September 27, the loved country of our adoption is engaged, we a China Press, a Chinese-owned daily newspaper in company of twenty-three of your missionaries the English language, published the following edi- temporarily in Shanghai, amid all the confusion torial under the title "Christian Loyalty": and misery around us, would fain send a message "Christian missionaries in China have ignored

their government's advice to seek personal safety. being confronted with danger. It might be easy They have been urged to leave their posts and for them to ask their governments to extend a concentrate in sectors from which evacuation paternal hand and deliver them from destructive under the protection of their national forces may forces, and yet to do so would be unchristian and be comparatively easy; and they have preferred unworthy of their Lord.

to remain in this war-torn country with their "Admittedly, the Sino-Japanese war must come Chinese fellow-Christians, unafraid and un- to an end sooner or later. While the missionaries daunted. must look after the present, they cannot ignore the future; By deserting at the first sign of dan- "The action of the missionaries has doubtless ger, they might betray the confidence reposed in been prompted by a sense of duty toward their them by the Chinese converts; by remaining toevangelical cause and toward their fellow men. gether with the converts, they would surely earn To God they have pledged to march onward as undying goodwill as well as affection and lay the true soldiers of the Cross, and to their fellow men foundation for a greater claim to Chinese support they have professed to bring a divine message of in the years to come. goodwill and spiritual comfort. At no other time is the spirit of the true soldier more manifestly "Devotion to a cause, be it Christian or otherbeing placed on trial, and at no other time does a wise, presupposes the willingness to sacrifice. war-torn race stand in more need of the benefits Unless the missionaries were, as they are, preof Christian goodwill and comfort. pared for sacrifices at any cost, it would be hypocritical to talk about devotion, and to claim "It would be highly disloyal to God and to man devotion from others. if the missionaries were to pursue the line of least resistance and withdraw from the field in which they and their predecessors have labored "The firm resolution of the missionaries to ful- so arduously to espouse the cause of the Gospel. fill the demands of the Christian movement in "As the Son of God, Jesus could have asked for China has already won the admiration of the God's hand to stay the Crucifixion, but Jesus the Chinese of all classes, irrespective of their per- Christ remained, to the end of His mundane exist- sonal beliefs. The challenge of Christian loyalty ence, the Saviour of men by giving His life and has never before been more severe, and happily shedding His divine blood for the redemption of it is being met in a true Christian spirit-a spirit man's sins. of which all followers of Christ may well be "The missionaries in China today are, no doubt, proud."

A PEACE HYMN FROM JAPAN Out of Japan came a peace hymn twenty years ago, written by William Merrell Vories, of Omi Hachiman. It is now in the Hymnal of the Presbyterian Church in Japan.

Let there be light, Lo.rd Go.d o.f Ho.sts, Give us the peace o.f visio.n clear Let there be wisdo.m o.n the earth! To. see o.ur' bro.thers' go.o.d o.ur o.wn, Let bro.ad humanity have birth! To. jo.y and suffer no.t alo.ne; Let there be deeds, instead o.f boasts! The Io.ve that casteth o.ut all fear!

Within o.ur passio.ned hearts instill Let wo.e and waste o.f warfare cease, The calm that endeth strain and strife; That useful labo.r yet may build Make us thy ministers of life; Its homes with Io.ve and laughter filled!

Purge us fro.m lusts that curse and kill! Go.d, give thy wayward children peace!

The author founded the Japanese "Omi Brotherhaad," described as "an experiment in establishing the Kingdom of God in the province of Omi, Japan." It has come to be one of the most significant demonstrations in Japan of the Kingdom of God, a combination of business and missionary activity. The architectural department supervises and builds more than fifty structures a year. A publicity department prints books and periodicals. Two factories are operated. They are agents for Mentholatum and other products. The church is composed of four nationalities from nine different denominations. It has overcome the difficulty of getting Koreans, Chinese, Japanese, and Americans to work together harmoniously. Effective educational and medical work are also carried on and. good moving pictures offset the influence of vicious films.

A Miracle-Happy Lepers in

_.~I By R. M. WILSON, M.D.* I Missionary of the (Southern) Presbyterian Church 1 __ __ ~~=-~-===~~==~==== ~~~-J FOR over thirty-five hundred years leprosy has case of erysipelas. After two or three weeks this been considered the most hopeless of all dis- subsides, the fever drops, and then the patient eases, incurable, a curse; yet within the past begins to improve. twenty-five years it has become amenable to treat- In treatment an important thing is to clear the ment, and there is hope for lepers. We may call patient of intestinal parasites, malaria, syphilis, it a miracle, for so it is. or any other complication. Food is an important The Korean has no such view of it. He calls it part of the treatment, as well as exercise and Poong or the "Great Wind." He believes it is a keeping busy so as to occupy the mind. Sand curse from heaven. In desperation some Korean baths in the hot sun, as well as swimming, are lepers even eat human flesh, which they have been parts of the treatment; the daily hot, soapy bath told is a cure. Lepers in Korea taste of the bitter is important.

dregs of life. They are driven here and there, Our colony is as busy as a beehive, for all who sleep in culverts and caves, and often fall down can stir about must do their part towards caring before us saying, "Save a dead dog." So, coming for their gardens and raising pigs, rabbits, or into our beautiful Leper Home they soon find the some other form of the extra food needed in their great Christian hope and abide in its joy. treatment. Blind Pak passes his days by making Our leper colony is a little world in itself. The straw rope, and he can earn three cents a day, lepers have their own mayor and town govern- about our usual wage in the colony. Mr. F. E. C.

ment, and manage most of their own affairs, Williams of Kwangju has been a great help to us meeting annually for the election of the councils in training the lepers to a more scientific farming.

and officers. We have trained thirty who do most He comes every fall with a Korean teacher, and of the medical work and in the future this train- their classes, held for one week, mean a great ing will be an even more important part of our deal. An annual fair is held in the fall when task. Formerly we gave such men a general med- their crops, pigs, rabbits, and produce of other ical course, but now we confine a student to one kinds are displayed and prizes given. line of work; otherwise, some will run away and One of the worst wind and rain storms in years practice medicine! A man named Insune is the struck our colony last year and did much damage, head of the group of thirty. He makes rounds mostly to the roofs. The American Mission to and writes prescriptions; yet he was once one of Lepers sent an emergency fund of one thousand the most advanced cases we had. Another lad dollars at once, which about covered the losses. does most of the simple surgery-amputations of One of the queerest observations I ever made feet and hands. Two boys' time is fully occupied among lepers was when I came upon a man with filling prescriptions. One gives all his time to the sole of his foot in his lap. With a large npedle intravenous injections of glucose, calcium, sal- and thread he was sewing up a great crack in his varsan, and the like. Last year 6,206 of these foot. He had to do this about once a month, he were given, and 65,000 injections of chaulmoogra said, for sand and dirt would crowd in and in- crease the size of the wound. It was about like oil.

Very fortunately the chaulmoogra oil is not sewing up a baseball! very expensive. A pound costs about thirty-five A recent study of our seven hundred lepers cents and will treat a case about thirty weeks. For those who take it by mouth the cost is more showed some curious facts which will give an idea because the dose is larger and taken daily. The of their suffering. In answer to the question, oil apparently has a direct effect upon the bacilli. "What relative of yours was a leper?" sixty- Quite often when a case starts the treatment, one replied, brother; forty-five, father; thirtythere is a severe reaction, as though it were a bad eight, mother. Two hundred and twenty said they had lived with lepers; ten, that they thought they had gotten the disease from a leper's house; two • Superintendent of the Soonchun (Korea) Leper Colony aided hundred and twenty-nine said that lepers lived by the American Mission to Lepers, Inc., 156 Fifth AVe'. , New York, N. Y. in their village as neighbors.

[33 ]

"

As to the first sign of the disease, three hundred feet; two, arms; twenty, legs. In three hundred and fifty-nine saw it in their lower extremities, and sixty-one cases the vision was good, and in and two hundred and twenty-seven, in their arms three hundred and forty-one it was impaired.

and hands. Their chief suffering is from neuritis, Thirty-four had lost both eyes, and twenty-six, and four hundred and thirty (more than half the one eye.

colony) had it at the time of our study. Two The fact that four hundred and three are bap- hundred and eighty had ulcers, mostly on the feet; tized Christians and one hundred and fourteen in one hundred and forty-one were unable to do any the catechumen class shows that Christ is strong kind of work. As to recovery, two hundred and among them. Many of the others are new Chris- fifteen had slightly improved, two hundred and tians, but it takes about two years of study and sixty-six had greatly improved, and twenty-three testing before they are fully admitted to the had grown worse. One hundred and seventy- church.

three stated that the dead spots in the skin had It is a joy to see these wretched, sick, hopeless improved. Two hundred and forty had lost creatures recover and become happy, healthy fingers; two hundred and fifty-nine, toes; eight, Christian citizens of the land.

When Korean Preachers Illustrate* -<Ef I By th, 10" F. S. MILLER of Cho,," I!J;.- T HE illustrations Korean preachers and teach- not come and have lunch with us?' The yangban ers use let in the light not only on their sub- felt insulted by being asked to sit by the roadside jects but also on the inner workings of their and eat with coolies, and gave them a gruff reply. minds and hearts. "Several years afterwards, when the reformed Pastor Yune, speaking of mutual helpfulness: government had come in and the yang bans were "Two beggars came through our village, one was deprived of their especial privileges of living by a deaf and dumb woman and she was leading a oppression of the common people and by extorblind man. Both had happy, contented faces, tion, this yangban, like many of his fellows, was and seemed to get along together well enough. on the verge of starvation. One day he passed the same farmer and his hands, eating by the "Now, if the man had kept abusing the woman roadside. How good that white rice looked; those because she did not tell him .what she saw and she pickles made his mouth water. He hoped they had abused him for not telling her what he heard would ask him again to sit down and eat with they might have lived very unhappily together them but, remembering his former rebuff, they and have sought a divorce. As I observed them I ate in silence, not even saluting him. Going a thought, 'That is the way forbearance with each little further on, he felt so weak from hunger and other's weaknesses makes a couple happy.' the grinding of his stomach that he had to stop and sit on the bank of the stream. How he re- "In the leper asylum you will see those who pented of his former pride and oppressions!" have hands helping those who have none and those who have feet using them for those who are foot- *** less. Each of us has his peculiar gifts, let us use them for those who lack. Let us not despise the Deacon Pak, speaking of God's love for us sinhelpfulness of the weak; the bread and the fish ners, said: "One of the Christians in Seoul had did not belong to a full-grown man." five daughters and one son. One afternoon the youngest daughter wandered off. At two o'clock *** the mother discovered that she was missing and started out to hunt for her. Long after dark she Elder Song, pointing out the danger of pride, found her outside the East Gate. used this, "There was a proud yangban, gentleman, in a village who passed a group of farm- "When the father was returning at sunset, tired hands eating their lunch by the roadside. The and hungry, some neighbors told him of his loss. farm women had brought out a large gourd full So he turned back up the street and searched for of boiled rice, bowls of pickled cabbage and a her till eleven o'clock. When he returned home bottle of soy sauce. and found her safely restored, he wept for joy with his cheek against hers, saying, 'If we had "The coolies asked, out of politeness, 'Will you • From The Korean Mission Field.

WHEN KOREAN PREACHERS ILLUSTRATE

not found you we could not have slept tonight. from her parents-in-law and for the present of bread for her parents she thought she would take Thanks be to God.' . three pecks of rice. As she sat down in the sedan chair she thought, 'This rice, in addition to my "If a working man with five daughters and a own weight, will be heavy for the chair-coolies.' So she placed the rice on her head and carried it son to support by his labor could so rejoice over there all the way, instead of laying it at her feet. We are just as foolish when We carry our worries the return of his smallest daughter how easy it is instead of placing them in God's keeping."

to conceive of God's joy over one sinner who *** repents." When speaking of the way Christians lose their consciousness of the presence of the Holy Spirit *** in our hearts, Pastor An said, "An old man and his son were going to Seoul and lost their ticket Speaking of thankfulness, Leader Yi told of a on the train. The conductor said he would come through again and told them to keep up their pastor in Fusan who was returning from making search. They hunted through their clothing and baggage and scolded each other. Finally the son calls and heard the sound of suffering coming opened up his underclothing and there in a secret pocket, wrapped up in paper, he found the ticket. from under a bridge. He listened and heard a When you feel you have lost God, do not search the heavens above or the earth beneath, just look voice asking that God would send a Christian to in your own heart."

help the sufferer. Looking down, he saw a leper *** with one foot almost gone. When he spoke kindly Helper Kim told how he had been asked to hold revival services in a church. He started to do so to the leper the diseased one asked, "Are you a and they fed him the poorest variety of rice and lent him no covering for the night, so he could Christian ?" "Yes." On hearing this the leper neither eat nor sleep and spent the night in prayer for the church. The next day, praying for began praying the more earnestly as he thought strength, he went on with his instruction and ex- hortation and, though they did not improve the his prayer was answered. rice, they gave him a thin and unclean comforter. Again he was too cold to sleep but went on with The pastor hastened home and told the Chris- his revival services, with the result that the peo- ple relented and fed him on good rice and supplied tians to collect and send food and warm clothing him with plenty of bedding. As usual, it was not that they did not have the goods, but that they to the leper as he was on the point of departure lacked the grace.

for North Korea to lead some revival meetings in He went on to say that it is not always the Pyengyang. During the meetings he told the story of the leper praying under the bridge.

Someone in the congregation, without giving his or her name, placed forty yen in the collection plate marked, "For the leper." Others, hearing of the gift, contributed more till they had enough to send him to the asylum.

When the pastor visited the asylum after that, the joy, peace and thankfulness of this leper touched his heart. Leader Yi went on to say: "Thankfulness is not in the place and circum- stances of the person. Jesus was thankful under the reign of a Herod or when lying in the stern of a little boat in the midst of a storm."

*** Lay pastor An, telling how useless it is to worry, said: "A young woman in our village was preparing to pay her first visit to her own home LIFTING UP JESUS CHRIST There is a theory, held by some, that Jesus of Nazareth was only an extraordinary man, a Palestinian Socrates, a Galilean Francis of Assisi, a first century ethical teacher, a Jewish prophet, a lofty spiritual genius, the founder of a new religion to be ranked among the other religions of the world.

In reality Jesus is the Way, the Truth, the Life. He is the door. He is the bread of life, and the water of life. He is the vine. He is the morning star. He is the light of the world. He is the Alpha and the Omega. He is the resurrection. He is the eternal Word. He is the only Saviour from sin. He is God manifest in the flesh. He is the image of the invisible God, the effulgence of God's glory, and the very image of His substance. He is the foundation of the Church, and the head of it.

If any pastor, who feels that his ministry is futile and that his church is losing ground, will exalt the living Christ in his life and his preaching, he will be a winner of souls.-The Christian Observer.

worker who brings revival to the church; some- because it is the beginning of a new cycle. The times it is the church that revives the worker. eldest son usually provides a feast for the parent. There was a woman in a church who had lost her zeal and activity. Her son had gone to Japan to The church people, seeing how sad and lonely find work and when her sixtieth birthday came she was, gave her a better feast than her son could there was no one to provide a feast for her. The have done and she received such a revival from sixtieth birthday is the greatest one in a lifetime this kindness that she became an active worker in the church and well repaid them for their love.

Distributing Bibles to Russians By REV. 1. V. NEPRASH Executive Secretary of the Russian Bible Fund T HE Soviet Government gave permission ten from the police, that meant suffering and financial years ago for the printing of 50,000 Bibles losses to' the Believers, the work of distribution and 50,000 New Testaments under the aus- was organized and 19,966 New Testaments and pices of the Russian Bible Fund. The writer was 2,300 Bibles were distributed to those who wished asked to secure the necessary money and a con- them. Five courses for workers were conducted siderable amount was subscribed in America. daily for about 300 pastors and evangelists. Six Part of the program was carried out when, with- hours were given to instruction in the study of out warning, the Soviet Government cancelled the the Bible, how to organize a church, how to bring permission, and the remaining funds were kept in men to Christ and on the spiritual life of workers. America until there should be opportunity to use Every night large evangelistic services were held. them for the purpose for which they were given. With the help of the pastors, the program of dis- tribution was worked out in detail and it was de- Since Russia is still closed to any Bible distri- cided to give the Scriptures to unbelievers only, bution, the Committee in charge of the fund de- to those who are unable to pay and only to those cided to use the money to make the Scriptures interested enough to read the Book. available to Russians scattered in many places throughout the world. Many were stranded in The distribution was made through Believers foreign lands after the War and when the Com- who, with every copy, gave a testimony concernmunists started a drive for the extermination of ing the Book and the Saviour. the educated Russians, hundreds of thousands fled for life and are now scattered in various parts of One month was spent in Poland, where there the world. are several million Russians and Ukrainians. Services and conferences, with courses for work- Some Evangelical Christians organized the dis- ers were conducted. About 15,000 copies of the tribution in China, Manchukuo and Japan and the Bible are being distributed through the Believers. writer took up the work in parts of Europe where there are large settlements of Russians. Six Danzig proudly calls itself the "Free City." months were spent in Czechoslovakia, Roumania, About 2,000 Russians are in the city and its prov- Poland, Lithuania, Germany and France. The ince. Practically all belong to the former intelresults of this evangelistic work are far beyond ligentsia and many are unemployed, leading a expectation because of the spiritual hunger of the miserable existence. Their hearts are over-burmasses of exiles. dened with the situation. Much sympathy is ex- pressed for Jews who leave Germany and have Eastern Czechoslovakia is populated by over nowhere to go, but there is no mention of almost half a million of Carpathian Russians. Having 2,000,000 Russians who, persecuted by Commurecently traveled in seventeen countries in various nists, had to flee their homeland and have lost parts of the world, I have found nowhere such everything after seeing their relatives massacred poverty as among these people. The Scriptures for no other crime than that they were educated. were received most eagerly. Why is sympathy so one-sided? It seems that the Gospel of Jesus Christ is the only remedy to heal The eastern province is called Bessarabia, and the wounds. A Russian priest in Danzig was is a Russian province under the Roumanian flag. grateful for the Scriptures offered his poor pa- Three months were spent there with most gratify- rishioners. ing results. In spite of continuous interference

DISTRIBUTING BIBLES TO RUSSIANS

Lithuania is a comparatively small country with crossed himself to express his gratitude to God over 75,000 Russians scarcely touched by the Gos- and almost embraced the writer. pel. Two thousand copies of the Testament are being distributed as a start. When a bishop who has 185,000 in his care was offered the Scriptures, he asked suspiciously: In Germany we found complete freedom for preaching the Gospel and the spreading of the "Why do you do it?" Christian Scriptures. The writer answered that he had been an atheist and was converted through the study of In France there are between 300,000 and 400,- astronomy but had found this a wrong way to go. 000 Russians and about 80,000 are in Paris. Serv- He now knew that the shortest way is through the ices were conducted there every day, two on Sun- Scriptures and so devotes his life to their disday, in the opera house Pleyel, in the center of tribution. the city; they were well attended and the pres- "Through astronomy, you said? Please tell me ence of God was evident. Former colonels, gen- how it happened," begged the bishop with insist- TRAINING RUSSIANS TO BE EFFECTIVE CHRISTIAN WORKERS One of Seven "Courses for Workers" conducted recently in different countries of Europe.

erals, doctors, professors, singers, leaders in the ence. When the story was told all suspicion disfinancial world, ladies of society, brought low by appeared and kindness, almost reverence, took its circumstances, listened intently. place, together with gratitude for the books.

The Russian missionary work in France and When a book is given by us to a Russian, it is Belgium (with her 3,000 Russians) is well organ- taken with the suspicion that it may be a sectarian ized. A Gospel periodical is published and 15,000 book, but when the copy comes from a bishop it copies every month go to Russians in all parts of is received as a holy book, is read with confidence the world. A campaign for the distribution of and believed. New Testaments has been begun and from 5,000 to 10,000 copies will be distributed, for the most Pray for the many thousands of New Testapart through individual Believers. In some cases ments and Bibles being distributed throughout the the clergy of the Russian Church are also ap- world, that they may bring a hundred-fold harvest proached. When a priest in Czechoslovakia was for the glory of God. Without God's blessing, the offered copies of the Scriptures for his parish- books may remain only printed matter, or be deioners he gratefully but hesitatingly asked for 100 stroyed; but through the influence of the Holy New Testaments and 50 Bibles. He did not know Spirit they may become a Living Word in the where to obtain the books. When he was asked hearts of the readers and lead them to Christif he would be willing to distribute copies among the Giver of a new Life of which these Russians non-members of his congregation, he gladly are so greatly in need because of their experiences agreed. When 250 Testaments were offered he of the past and hardships of the present, with no hope for a better future.

Youth Looks at

By CHARLES D. HURREY, New York Secretary of the Committee on Friendly Relations with Foreign Students .r-. AMERICA is in the spotlight. World youth is American the Chinese are laundrymen and con- watching us. They are visiting us, criti- sumers of chop suey and chow mein. We have cising us,and praising us. maligned the Japanese as sly and deceitful. For "You Americans are making us go faster," said most of us, the Filipino is still a tree-dwelling a Syrian young man, "but are you making us grow savage. When young Americans are asked t.o de- better? You can .organize gigantic industrial cor- scribe India, they give inordinate emphasis to porations, build skyscrapers and subways, but you caste, famine, and tigers. Our fear of entangling cannot write anything comparable to the 23rd alliances with Europe perpetuates the popular im- Psalm or the 13th chapter of 1st Corinthians." pression of the French as gay and irresponsible, "You Yankee Americans built the Panama the British as lordly and "high hat," the Germans Canal, but how did y.oU acquire the Canal Zone?" as warlike, the Italians as "dagoes" and the Rus- was the disturbing questi.on put to me by a bril- sians as bewhiskered and red.

Iiant Latin American student. "You imperialistic To offset these weird and unfair judgments we people of North America think of us Spanish need to discover an that is best and beautiful in Americans as a backward people to be exploited others, and to reveal our best to visitors from for gain; you are not willing to meet us as com- overseas. If I could have my way, the schools of rades on a cultural plane." America would be visited frequently by cultured In far-off Australia some are saying: "You are spokesmen from the Orient, Europe, and Latin rapidly becoming a nation of law-breakers; you America. Our youth should be thrilled by the art condemn banditry in China but daylight holdups and musk and literature of other lands. More- menace your metropolitan areas." over we should receive in our homes, clubs, and The youth of Asia attack our color prejudice churches, these guests of culture and refinement.

and racial discriminati.on. They say: "You Fortunately, our college communities are fa- preach brotherhood but you practice injustice; vored with the presence of over 8,000 students you frown upon the caste system of India but you from all parts of the world; sons and daughters lynch the American Negro. Champions of liberty of high officials and business men abroad are now and freedom, you grant n.o Asiatic the rights of mingling with our youth on the American campus.

American citizenship." With alert and open mind they are studying our European 'youth likewise looks us over. "Why civilization at close range. don't you let us run our own affairs?" says a German youth. "Why do you think you are called On the brighter side, here is how they size us upon to be the moral leaders of the world?" up: British youth declare that we grant degrees to "You are a generous people; vast millions are generous donors to our colleges, who have achieved no academic standing. given annually to education, charity, and religion, not only at home but notably abroad. Your cham- "It is not the business of a student to be work- pionship of public health has overcome contagious ing in factory or harvest field," observes an Ox- disease and has enriched life for all. Under your ford student. "It is the business of a student to leadership warfare is waged against poverty, disbe a thinker and to think things through. You ease, ignorance, and crime in the Orient and Latin have achieved only mediocrity in music, art, and America, as well as within your own borders.

literature because in your devotion to popular edu- "Your technique intrigues us; how you do cation you fail to recognize superior talent and things fascinates us. We are here to discover the ability." secret of your gigantic achievements. After all, If these judgments seem harsh and unfair, let this is a land of opportunity, democracy still pre- us remember that we have brought them upon vails, and the people are free to say and write ourselves by maintaining an attitude of aloofness what they think. Here the humblest can rise to and superiority. Have we not thought of Mexi- the highest position in the land, through sheer cans as bandits and bull fighters? To the average merit and hard work.

[38 ] "Darkness is dispelled throughout the world AWAKE, YE CHRISTIAN MEN and mighty forces are placed at man's disposal Words copyrighted by George A. Brown, Elyria, Ohio. Tune-St. Thomas. S. M. by Aaron Williams. because of the inventions of Edison and other Awake, ye Christian men, Americans. We see you victorious in your strug- Behold the world today; gle to master the machine rather than be mastered Great multitudes, like scattered sheep, From God still go astray. by it. Through labor saving devices you are on Come, with a spirit stirred, the way to release men and women from drudgery Obey your Lord's command; and to set free their spirits for contemplating Pray Him to send forth laborers To ev'ry waiting land. eternal values." . Present your gifts to Him, Youthful eyes from every land are upon Amer- Your ·silver and .your gold, ica. What shall they see? Without our effort But,first of all, yourself He asks, That He your life may mold. they may not discover our best, but may drift Go forth, .ye Christian men, into our worst. The preservation of the noblest Proclaim His name abroad, ideals of American youth depends upon the con- That sinners, far and near, may come. To know the Son of God. servation of our Christian character and at the He gave His life for you, same time we must preserve the heritage of beauty His precious blood He shed; and truth possessed by our youthful guests from Serve Him who saves you by His gracet The Church's living Head. afar.

From the standpoint of the development of the Christian world community, no body of young people offer such opportunities as do the foreigtl students in America. If tactfully approached and enlisted in the work of the Christian churches throughout the United States, these young people will become the equivalent of as many foreign missionaries upon returning to their native lands.

TWELVE BASIC FACTS ABOUT ALCOHOL AS A BEVERAGE Whereas the income of people in the United come alcohol addicts; that is, they can dis- continue the practice only at the expense of States has increased 51 % in the past five years, grave discomfort and disturbance. 8. Of those who do not become addicts, the mathe gifts to benevolences have decreased 30% and jority suffer degenerative changes in the the amount spent on alcoholic drink has increased organs and in the vascular and nervous sys- tems. over 300 %. Is it not time we considered the in- 9. The traffic in alcohol is productive of waste, crime, and social deficiency. The social fluence of intoxicants on health and character? burden is comparable only to that of war The following facts are given by investigators: and disease. 10. The alcohol custom and traffic are rooted 1. Alcohol is an irritant, depressant, narcotic deeply in physiological, psychological,ec~­ drug. nomic,social, and political motives. .The problem is allied to nearly every other prob- 2. It deprives the tissues of oxygen, hinders the lem, being at once cause and effect. ! functioning of every organ and endangers health by decreasing the efficiency of the 11. The social good can be served only by policies body's defense mechanism. which look toward a diminishing cortsump- tion of alcoholic liquors. Any policy with 3. Alcohol suppresses the higher controls which this purpose and result is acceptable; any are the products of moral and social teach- other ·policy is morally wrong and socially ings, thus causing. disharmony with the disasterous. modern environment. 12. Prohibition of the liquor traffic, by aligning 4. By its effect upon the central nervous system, all of the powers of government against the alcohol slows the reaction time, causing the habit and the traffic, has served the social deaths of thousands of men, women, and good better than any other policy so far children on our highways. tried. There may be better ways of dealing with the liquor traffic and the drinking cus- 5. It decreases physical effidency, impairs the torn; they have not yet been demonstrated. value of mental effort, and disturbs the psychology of the individual.

6. Alcohol is a habit-forming drug. A constantly increased quantity is required to produce a given effect. 7. Because of this habit-forming characteristic, three persons of every ten who drink be-

NEW GUINEA NATIVES HAVING A DANCE FESTIVAL ON A COCOANUT PLANTATION NEW GUINEA PAPUANS AT HOME-PREPARING FOOD

A PEACEFUL SCEKE IN A PAPUAN VILLAGE IN NEW GUINEA, MANDATED

New Guinea Yesterday, Today and Tomorrow -..a{ I By R. R. HANSELMANN I ~- ~==============================~ SLOWLY the wild and unknown spaces of the after the bitter experiences of the pioneers, the world are disappearing. Soon it will no present ten thousand white men are reasonably longer be possible to find a land that mission- safe and comfortable. The one quarter million aries, trade and international politics have not natives of this area have not accepted Christianity penetrated. Outside the polar regions there are as a mere veneer, but have experienced a rebirth but few unexplored areas, and the largest of these of varying degree. The native is pathetically is the vast tropical interior of New Guinea, an anxious to live like a white man, and to imitate island continent much of which is still shrouded both the good and the bad, so that one cannot pre- in mystery, dict the future of the race.

Throughout pioneer days patriots and empire In speaking of the native of yesterday, we mean builders, energetic fortune seekers and zealous the primitive man as he still is in his undisturbed missionaries, were called upon to display a hero- savage life. Possibly a million would be a eon- ism and self-sacrifice perhaps unparalleled in the servative estimate of the population. These naannals of history; and many brave and worthy tives are partly Caucasian, partly Mongolian, lives were as seed planted in the ground, after- with a little Ethiopian blood. Their features are wards to bear the fruits of civilization and right- not as outstanding as the Negro's; their skin is eousness. On a sixty- to eighty-mile border around in various shades of chocolate brown. The men New Guinea, the Christian religion and civiliza- are tall and sturdy, even the pygmies being husky, tion have established themselves securely, for but the women are very small. Men wear tapa [41 ]

cloths and the women grass skirts. Having an promise assistance or protection. When making aversion to water, the primitive man wallows in a new garden, sorcerers are called to drive infilth; fights to protect his clan; cultivates the land sects away. Certain shrubs are planted to attract for food (sweet potatoes, taros, yams, greens and rain and warmth from the sun. Daggers or arrow points are suspended from tree limbs to ward off evil influences. For fighting, hunting, fishing, courting, indeed for every step of life, some sor- cerer plays a role, and each one demands re- muneration. Especially in sickness and death, fear of unseen realities bring terror to the primi- tive man. Gruesome methods are used to scare the captive spirit from a limb or body, and when death comes the whole village laments. In their wailing, they extol the deceased, and try to justify all their past unkindnesses toward him. The widow covers her body with clay to protect her- self from her husband's soul which seeks to snatch her soul away. Suicide is committed, not out of despair or despondency, but out of revenge, for the belief in the power of the departed soul to do evil is real to the man of yesterday.

On the other hand, life in reality is a life of lust. There is nothing to curb desires. The only CANNIBAL PAPUANS CHRISTIAN PAPUANS TODAY (Church Erected by American Lutheran Mission.) bananas); raises pigs, dogs and chickens; and manufactures his own implements and clothing.

Each tribe speaks its own language. The theory is that private contentions caused many separations, and as each ostracized group survived and developed, their language underwent many changes. Unwritten languages are not static. Some tribes suffix their verbs, others prefix them. The irregular verbs in the Amele language number over six hundred. The rules of syntax are almost the opposite of ours. Interpreters that can speak two or three languages are very rare. Their strange melodies reveal an odd rhythm. War and love songs, dance music and mothers' chants are melancholy, like funeral dirges. Fear and superstition leave their indelible traces on the soul, as the weird music bears witness.

Fear of the life hereafter, superstition, and faith in sorcerers make the native of yesterday the most miserable creature on God's earth. A spirit of love and goodness is unknown. By sacrifices or efforts to delude the spirits the natives seek their safety. certain spirits are believed to have their habitation in caves and mountain peaks. There is no trespassing of these premises, and if accidentally or unknowingly entered, fear, or auto-suggestion, would soon claim its victim. The belief that a spirit or enemy may assume another body or form, such as a crocodile or shark, is common.

As animists they seek refuge in sorcerers who

NEW GUINEA YESTERDAY, TODAY AND TOMORROW

check is the sense of the welfare of the clan, and discover the reality of our God." After years of that is frequently at the expense of the individual. swaying forward and backward, suddenly it is Whatever the majority of the clan decides, the seen that the Holy Spirit has created a new heart, individual accepts. Gluttonous feasting and im~ new desires and lives are changed. After a thormoral dancing carry in their wake physical ough Bible course of two years' instruction, large wrecks. As no primitive tribe has been found that classes are baptized, and out of the night of darkunderstood the physiological phenomena of life, ness and the struggle with the unearthly powers our natives have their erroneous ideas. The girl of evil, children of light and of God arise. to be married is supposed to be a virgin; so rightly we speak of the morals of a primitive people as So it comes about that in the native of today one high, but we must add only in certain respects and sees brighter countenances; cleanliness in private that is due to ignorance and superstition. On the and public life; a lighter rhythm is felt in newly other hand the primitive man is found to reach composed music. Every event and problem of life the very lowest depths. is discussed in the light of God's Word. Public censuring of sin and congregational discipline are We see in the native of yesterday a truly ra~ realities. Church services are crowded, and daily tional human being, imbibed with a spirit created devotions bear witness that religion has com- SOME NATIVE :lEW GUI:lEA GIRLS IX THEIR M'ODERl': DRESS by God, living in constant danger of war, ensnared pletely gripped the masses. A different spirit is in a fearful superstition, given to live a life of astir. There is now no fear of evil spirits; the lust, covered with dirt and groping for a miser- blessings of civilization are self~evident realities. able existence, with the definite doom of falling Baptism becomes a custom. into Satan's hands. But there are influences that pull the other way. But we are thankful to say that many have been The indentured labor system takes the young men saved by the power of the Gospel. This has meant into different surroundings for three years. Over many years of careful, tactful, prayerful work and 33,000 young men are employed by white men, a fierce struggle between God and Satan. The absorbing the virtues and the vices of the white stationing of young Christian native men in bar- man. The native has had no time to adjust- himbaric areas, where in the beginning they are not self to the new mode of life. But always a nucleus called upon to teach and preach, but to live a in the church prays and works to overcome the Christian life, is an effective method, and calls evil influences. for the choicest vessels of God. The devil knows what influence these Christian riatives will exer~ Looking into the future, one sees either a promcise, and he tempts them to the utmost. Every ising nation, or the remnants of a dying race. Bible story is told with this appeal: "Tryout and Clouds are now threatening on the horizon. The Oriental world is making gigantic strides, and

whether New Guinea will remain in the white morrow can be helped to adjust himself to changed man's control is an open question. Japan has re- conditions, a new nation may develop, but if he ceived a lease for an immense area in Dutch New cannot acquire the proper psychological equilib- Guinea. Sea shell poaching between nations is rium, he will succumb. In any case, mission work waged like a little war. White population is in- in New Guinea has a glorious future. The Gospel creasing rapidly. Land is acquired, commercial must, and will be brought to this uttermost part enterprises enlarged, and there is an ever-grow- of the earth, and if the Lord's Word and prophecy ing demand for native laborers. Civilization, find fulfilment with this task, then may the end with its blessings and evils, comes into closer and come. Let us be found doing His will and workeasier reach of the natives. If the native of to- ing while it is day.

A Revival in East"Africa By LUCILDA A. NEWTON, Mabuki, East Africa Missionary of the Africa Inland Mission T HE long prayed for revival seems to be unheard of in this territory. But at our station, breaking upon Tanganyika in such power Nera, the powers of Satan seems to be stronger that it is completely changing the lives of than ever. Perhaps it is because here are gath- ered all the future leaders of the work in the Bible both black and white people. It began in our school and pastors' institute. But the Lord can conquer Nera. Already we have felt the Spirit's Africa Inland Mission teachers' institute in July. power in the giving of His Word such as I have never known before. What years of wasted ef- The native leaders received a real filling of the forts we put forth without His power. In these days, since we have really come to know Him as Holy Spirit, and this spread from them back to the never before, He is bringing us to see the power of His resurrection life. There is a stand of faith white missionaries until half of the Tanganyika where that resurrection power can be continu- ously at work against the enemy. force are so changed that their lives are hardly We feel that this reviving is a preparation for recognized by those who knew them two months something ahead. There is a fellowship of His sufferings that is awaiting us, but we do not know before. The Lord did not pass me by but has the details. With the ,Lord doing such a definite work in our midst, how we need grace, how we wrought such a new work in me that I can truly need humility and continued yieldedness. We feel the Lord has done all of the blessed work of resay that "henceforth I live, yet not I, Christ liveth viving and we cannot take ourselves out of His hand-but we can grieve His Spirit by pride and in me." He has so completely revolutionized my self-sufficiency.

home life that we now have complete unity in the things of the Spirit, whereas for a year we had only misunderstanding. This is happening in the lives of many. We have faith to believe that the work will not cease until every worker has been brought into this relationship with God, through the Spirit. '

We hear from a number of stations that rou- tine work has been put aside and daily souls are coming for prayer and to seek the Lord. It is ANCIENT KINGDOMS IN AFRICA Few people know of the existence of two native kingdoms in the heart of Africa, Ruanda and Urundi, which for centuries had each a line of hereditary rulers. Musinga, now de- throned, was the last of the great heathen monarchs of Central Africa, and in his day had exercised the power of life and death over all his subjects. This power was taken from him in 1916. The two kingdoms are now governed by Belgium under mandatory powers.

The Ruanda General and Medical Mission was founded by the Church Missionary Society. For its work it must depend entirely upon voluntary support, whereas Roman Catholic schools are in receipt of large State subsidies. The Mission has seven stations and nearly fifty mis- sionaries. Each station has its ordained English missionary and its doctor. The native evan- gelists and teachers number about 800; adherents are probably about 30,000 to 40,000. Photo by Mr. and Mrs,. Martin Johnson 'OLD SCH'O'OL AFRICAN WARRIORS-WITH THEIR WARDRUMS NEW SCIJ'O'OL AFRICAN WARRIOR-C'OLP'ORTEUR AT BIBLE DEPOT. KHART'OUM '~ Effective Ways·· of Working r 'Tested Methods for Increasing Interest at Home EDITED BY MRS. ESTELLA S. AITCHISON, GRANVILLE, OHIO SUGGESTIONS FOR THAT No.4; "There.'s too much ml;t- New Philadelphia, Ohio, writes "NEW LEAF" chinery! There's too much ma- this Department as follows: chinery!" Do not be content with the Beside our Missionary Society proprogram of activities or the at- No.5; "Women are not inter- grams, and those of the Guilds, we tainments of 1937. Every liv- ested in missions anymore! intend having a School of Broadening ing thing must grow; even a Women are not interested in Horizons – for the children's groups change to a fresh plan in order missions anymore!" during the church worship hour; and to whet the appetites of the for the young people's and adult membership is well worth while. No.6; "No one reads mission- groups during the B. Y. P. U. hour. The material this month is of- ary lIterature anymore! Noone We expect to have one missionary fered to furnish enlargement reads missionary literature any- prayer meeting a month for eight patterns for pastors, Sunday more !" months. Four will be on the Moslem School workers and leaders of World and four on the Rural theme. both adult and junior missionary No.7; "Women are seeking It is surprising how much there is groups. As a keynote, read this honor only for themselves! available for interesting programs digest of a clever skit given at a Women ate seeking· honQr only when one begins to cast around. For meeting of the Methodist women for themselves!" the rural programs I expect to have of the Cincinnati district, at three progressive rural pastors, all Lakeside, Ohio, last summer: Indignantly the leader says: graduates of college and seminary, "They can;t do this to our new alive to present-day problems, come A Study in Ghosts program! Can't somebody quiet in and speak on such subjects as Co- them ?" operatives, Problems of the Rural The leader of a meeting, out- Church, and the Rural Home of Tolining the new plans for the At this seven women from the day. A stereopticon lecture on Colcoming year, was disturbed by audience rush up and reply for- portage Work will complete the Rural confused talking and groaning cibly, in turn. Each objecting programs. I find that within a radius behind the curtain to her rear. ghost repeats her phrase upon of thirty miles are living several mis- She said: being asked what is the matter sionaries on furlough. One is from with her, and is answered in in- Cairo, one from northern India "Somebody seems to be mak- dignant terms: (where the Moslems are strongest), ing a fuss back there. Will one and one from Nigeria. I am asking of you please go back and see "Others are doing this. . . . them to speak especially on their conwhat it's about?" There must always be a first tacts with the Moslems in these widely time for everything," etc. separated fields. I hope to have a According to prearrangement, moving picture on the Mohammedan a member of the audience looked As each ghost is told, in her topic complete this series. behind the curtain and said, turn, to "begone!" she slinks off, looking furtively behind, and the Your suggestions in the M,ISSIONARY "There's a whole group of the sixth speaker says: REVIEW OF THE WORLD are invaluable, queerest looking people back and I am looking forward eagerly to there. I think you'd better see "You're nothing new-you're forthcoming issues. them." all ghosts of creatures dead long ago." These kindly words of appre- The curtains are opened re- ciation are passed along to the vealing seven ghostly figures As the last ghost repeats her constituency, whose materials, in (sheeted and with faces cray- cry that women seek honor only the main, are used in our departoned) , writhing, t w i s tin g, for themselves, the leader looks ment. wringing their han d s, and up and says: groaning thus: Christian Youth in Missionary "Dear Christ, can it be pos- Action No.1; "It can't be done! It sible that this is true of many of can't be done!" us ?" She closes with a prayer Under this challenging title, of repentance and consecration, S. Franklin Mack, authorized by No.2; "We never did it be- while groans continue behind the International Committee of fore! We never did it before!" the scenes. Religious Education and in co- operation with the Missionary No.3; "It costs too much. It This scene is very forcible. Education Movement, has writcosts too much!" Try it. ten a pamphlet for the series is- sued for young people using the A Pastor Includes the Men United Christian Youth Move- ment literature. Rev. Rodney C. Gould, pastor of the First Baptist Church at [46 ]

EFFECTIVE WAYS OF WORKING

The pamphlet in question out- duce, we have usually come to use for Rally Day. Another was lines "what individual young a home mission play, 'The Mispeople and young people's socie- the end of the course rather sionary Barrel,' found in a colties can do for missions." It exhausted and wondering how lection of mission plays pubgives a brief survey of the voca- much we had accomplished. . . . lished by MacMillan; and tional aspect of missions, with a another was a foreign mission summary of the qualifications With all of our efforts, most of play called 'The Dawning of the required of the missionary of our churches are giving mission Morning,' published by the Abthe future. If your young peo- ingdon Press. ple are not already enlisted, by study to the very people who all means arrange a rally at the "Besides this program in the call of the pastor, Sunday school need least to be worked with, Sunday school we gave three superintendent or the Woman's while few of the great majority Wednesday evening services and society and present the cause in of people whose outlook is cold two Sunday morning church the most forceful way possible. or indifferent to the mission services to various phases of It is suggested that Mr. Mack's causes can ever be dragged to mission interest. leaflet be reviewed as an intro- the classes. ductory feature, and that talks "We found that the people follow on the sub j e c t s of "Last fall we decided to put manifested a spontaneous inter- "Friendship Frontiers – What mission study into the Sunday est in this mission program. We Are They?" "How Does One school. We carried on the reg- used no urgent methods to get Stake a Claim?" "Presbyterian people to come. Yet every de- Leagues That Work," "Maga- ular work of the school, every partment in the school began to zines and Program Booklets," class studying the Bible lessons_ have increased attendance. . . . and the "Youth Budget." Al- More men were reached with ready it is reported from a va- but we also found considerable mission study than ever before riety of sources that missionary time available for mISSIOns. by our church. giving has increased noticeably Class periods were lengthened since the adoption of the plans ten minutes, with the under- "By conducting our mission outlined in the pamphlet. standing that each teacher would course as we did, we accom- spend the extra time in giving plished s eve r a I worth-while For this material and other information missionary information. All achievements. One was the natwrite The Missionary Education Movement, uralness of approach to the mat- 150 Fifth Ave., New York. teachers were supplied with lit- ter and the effectiveness of the erature, properly graded accord- education given on behalf of the For Pastors and Sunday ing to departments. mission causes. Another was School Superintendents the discovery that mission edu- "We also arranged special cation provides a remarkably Rev. William Crowe, Jr., pas- missionary programs for united elastic technique. We believe tor of the First Presbyterian that we have only begun to Church of Bluefield, W. Va., assembly periods that lasted discover the possibilities for wrote recently in The Presby- from thirty to forty minutes delightful entertainment and terum Survey regarding his pas- each. These programs were de- attractive study offered by this torate of a similar church in signed to make as popular an method. Still another accom- Talladega, Ala. His article plishment was the unexpected (adapted) is as follows: appeal as possible. The united effect the program had on our assembly included ages from Sunday school attendance and "We believe that our experi- interest." ence offers at least one ap- junior to adult. The special misproach to the mission-study sion study period began with Sequence in Program Building problem that is elastic and Rally Day and went through adaptable and popular. seven Sundays to November It is scarcely necessary to 15th. stress the value of a dominating "For eight or ten years we topic as a picturesque feature in have devoted one or more peri- "For our assembly periods we a series of programs. It seems ods each year to mission study. used a variety of programs. to be one of those devices that Some years our method has have a universal appeal. This been to have classes for men, There was one address entitled, year the figure of "Windows" is for women, and for young peo- 'Under Seven Flags,' in which played upon in one or another ple. Other years we have had department of nearly all packets completely organized schools of there was given a brief summary of literature sent for inspection. missions with classes for every of our home and, foreign mission age-group. . . . We believe we Following this fig u r e, as have given this plan as com- responsibilities. The other pro- adopted by the Baptist women, plete and sincere a trial as grams were designed primarily for their national theme, the could be given. After inject- to give instruction and inspira- Woman's Society of the First ing into our plans all the inge- Church of Santa Ana, Calinuity and energy we could pro- tion through entertainment. fornia, has incorporated in its beautiful thirty-eight page year "We made arrangements in New York for a series of two- reel motion pictures presenting information or plots relating to the mission movement.

"Some of the most effective work done in the missionary education course was through the medium of mission plays. One was a home mission pag- eant, 'The Living Cross,' se- cured from the Northern Meth- odist Church and adapted to our

book a series of "vistas" as their STAGE SETTING FOR A SEPTE,MBER PROGRAM monthly program topics, with the undergirding idea of opening windows of opportunity for service, as well as placing them where none exists-as in Indian hogans and Moslem purdahs- to let God's love shine in.

Their theme song is, "Let the Blessed Sunshine in," and the devotional hymn, "Open My Eyes That I May See." The membership list is "Viewers at Our Window." A "Memorial Window" records the name of those who have died during the year. The devotional series in- cludes: "Outlook-Skyward" (Psa. 19: 1-3). After this program on "Open- August porch party to which "Outlook – into the Valley" (Psa. ing Our Window," there came: contributions for Christmas 34: 19.22). boxes were made and impersona- "Outlook-at the Fountain" (Deut. "Windows of Opportunity." tions given of missionaries- 8: 21; John 4: 14). "Dingy Windows" (rural work). home and foreign – telling of "Outlook-toward the Hills" (Psa. "Shining Windows" (union evening Christmas on their fields. 121) . meeting with the youthful mission- "Outlook-in the Garden" (Isa. 58: ary groups). "Tower Windows" – a pro- 11). "Desert Panorama." gram on student work at home "Outlook- at the Harvest" (Luke "Rose Window" (stewardship). and in union Christian colleges 10: 1-2). "College Windows" (Christian edu- abroad (Baptist Board of Edu- "Outlook – Looking at the Sun" cation) . cation, 152 Madison Ave., N. Y., (Mal. 4: 2). "Sunlit Windows" (White Cross and The Cheer Leader, Sept., work for missionary hospitals). 1936, put out by the Foreign "Outlook-toward the Cross" (Luke "Walls without Windows" (Moslem Mission Conference of North 9: 23). purdahs). America, 156 Fifth Ave., N. Y.). "Paper Windows" (Chinese work "Outlook-into the Pasture Land" for women). "Cottage Win dow s" – on (Psa. 104: 14). "Closing our Window" (annual Rural Work in America (MIS- meeting in June). "Outlook-at the Shadow" (Psa. The August space was labeled: SIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD, 91: 1; 63: 7). "Our Windows Closed, Blinds Drawn." June, 1937; 25 cents). All the monthly programs are Due to many requests In the past for "God's Windows" – women's samples of these lovely annuals, it is stated called "Vistas" and are intended that a limited number of copies are left and prayer meeting for missions may be obtained for 25 cents each. There with special effort to have older to open windows, as stated pre- is evidently no profit for' the compilers. women attend and take part, a Thanksgiving dramatization beviously. The September pro- More Windows ing given (Woman's Missionary Association of United Brethren gram – built around a beauti- The standard Baptist program in Christ, 1412 U. B. Building, built around .this theme includes: Dayton, Ohio). fully decorated stage-furnished "Memorial Win dow s" – a "Shop Windows" – a window a preview of the year's work. study on missionaries who have box opening and program on op- gone out from the participants' portunities for service. The stage was arranged as a own state. "Latticed Windows"-sketches garden and showed a sash win- "Cabin Windows" – migrant of Christian Nationals who are work-with a luncheon of foods witnessing for Christ ("The dow looking eastward. This picked by migrants and imper- Way of the Witnesses"). sonations on "Around the Campwindow, when opened by the fire." "Sunlit Windows" – imper- sonations of missionary doctors president, made way for nine "Stained Glass Windows"- and nurses at home and abroad. an evening meeting on Peace short episodes illustrating the (men of the church invited) at "Barred or Open Windows"- which a pageant, "The Triumph devotional me e tin g inviting phases of work to be emphasized of Goodwill," was given (Coun- women from other churches and cil of Women for Home Mis- presenting a good speaker on in the monthly programs. These sions, 105 E. 22nd St., New "Are Your Windows Open or York; 35 cents plus royalty of Barred ?" Opening of window episodes consisted of mono- $5.00 for each presentation). boxes follows. logues, pantomimes, dialogues, a "Casement Win dow s," an song, skits, and other features.

Through the year the window box will bear its blooms as the gift boxes are opened. At the left of the stage was a cathedral window, the framework of which stood five feet high and was made so that the designs could be filled in with various colors as the money was received. It was very lovely even before the colors were added. . The Council of Women for Home Missions EDITH E. LOWRY, EXECUTIVE SECRETARY, 297 FOURTH AVENUE, NEW YORK, N. Y.

~'I~~~~~~~~~~~~ THE PRICE OF SUGAR the greater part of the army of deeper; 1931-lost everything; migrant laborers of the United 1932 – hit the road; 1935- A summer under open skies, serving the farmers of Cali- A child-a thousand children, States. They had come to these fornia as a 'fruit tramp.' " A burning sun, cold rains shores to better themselves. To- -And sugar beets. day the grandchildren of these Where Do They Live? A summer working sugar beets, early immigrants are harvesting And youth – youth pulled and the crops. But even a greater Migrants have to live in all kinds of places, a shack provided topped number of the 2,000,000 and by the employer, a tent on the And plowed beneath the soil more migrant workers today are banks of an irrigation ditch, or -As fertilizer. Anglo-American, forced into mi- just under the trees. In one Youth pulled and topped, and grancy by misfortune. In 1937 camp where shacks were pro- vided by the employer, one fairly granulated, in a camp in Delaware, an ap- large room housed from one to And weighed – weighed out in palling number were people who three families-as many as eight had lost their homes because of people in a single room. In an- bags Florida floods, typhoons and other camp in the East there For us to buy, and please storms. Many had once been ac- were two water faucets for 420 Our tooth for sweets. tive in communities, taking part people. Because of the crowded A summer under open skies, in church work, lodges, and other condition in some of the shan- A child-a future forming; civic organizations. In this ties, straw was strewn over the No schooling to distract group were a trained nurse, an floor with no pretense of mak- From sugar beets. ing a bunk. experienced mechanic, a railroad FRANCES B. WILLIAMS. engineer, a fireman, a plumber. Squatters' Camps-a new de- velopment in the far west, are Father of all mankind, we They felt that all hope of ever even worse. Dr. Taylor tells of pause in the haste of our daily being anything but migrants a tour of these camps. "We lives to come with quietness into found filth, squalor, an entire ab- T'hy presence. May thy strength had fled. sence of sanitation, and a crowdand thy spirit fill us and may the In the West, and Southwest, ing of human beings into totally love which thou hast for all man- inadequate tents or crude struckind flood our hearts. We would refugees from the Dust Bowl tures built of boards, weeds and at this time bring before thee form the greatest part of the anything that was found at hand those men and women and young migrant labor group. "These to give a pitiful semblance of a people who earn their meager home at its worst. In this enliving. by gathering from the people," Paul S. Taylor writes. vironment there is bred a social fields the food that shall feed us; "are victims of dust storms, of sullenness. It is horrible that who bear the heat of the noon- drought which preceded the children are reared in such an day sun, the long hours of labor, environment." and the rush of the cannery serv- dust, of protracted depression ice while we benefit from their which preceded the drought. 'It What Do They Earn? toil. Weare conscious, 0 Fa- seems like God has forsaken us ther, of their longing for per- back there in Arkansas,' said' a "Employment is intermittent, manent homes, of their unful- jobs are often precarious, and .filled hopes for their children. former farm-owner at a San annual income is low. A study Make us eaually conscious of our Luis Obispo pea-pickers' camp. of 165 migrant families showed responsibilities as Christian citi- that 30.9 % received less than zens to mitigate so far as we can 'The cotton burned up' is the $300 annually and 13.3 % less the hardships of their toil. common story. They are largely than $200 per family."

M. KATHARINE BENNETT. farmers who have been carrying Who Wants Them? on agriculture on the family pat- WHO ARE THE MIGRANTS tern which has been so long re- "Only the employer and he TODAY? garded as the great source of wants them only until his crop stability in our nation. One of Twenty years ago immigrants them, recently picking fruit with from poorer countries made up his family in the Sacramento Valley, told succinctly this story of his decline from farmer to farm laborer: 1927 – mad e $7,000 as a cotton farmer in Texas; 1928-broke even; 1929 -went in the hole; 1930- [49 ] is harvested. "The develop- Council of Women for Home the way they used to. But they can't understand why Jesus didn't hate the ment of normal relationships be- Missions tell a story of the 'mean bad men' who killed him. I tween citizens and community, achievement of this Christian told the children that those who and between employer and em- service. wanted Jesus crucified thought they ployee, is not favored by con- In Tomatoes were doing right. This led to a dis- cussion. Charles said, 'If I had been stant movement. 'My father "I don't know if you'll recognize our there, I would have told them a thing was a track foreman at $1.25 a nursery, for now instead of rugs for or two.' Edna said to him, 'Jesus day, but we lived in a house and the toddlers to sleep on we have cribs. would have wanted you to love them.' " everybody knew us,' said a fruit A bureau which I painted cream to tramp. 'This rancher has us for match our green and cream linoleum, In Onions two or three weeks, and then holds the diapers, sheets, etc., on top "At lunch time long tables were athe's thru wjth me. He knows me tractively set by some of the children till he's through with me.' 'Resi- of which is a scale on which the babies and flowers picked for the center denters' look askance at the pieces. A wholesome well-balanced nomads, and treat them as 'out- are weighed regularly every two lunch was served and simple table landers.' Children are stigma- manners taught. When Mary was tized at school as 'pea pickers.' " weeks. Why, Annamae has already seated on a chair made from an orange crate, at the clean simple table, she What the Church Is Doing gained a pound." . . . ' beamed and said, 'My, just like Sun- day!' The hardships of migratory "And our Young People's Club, for life are only hinted at in the "After lunch each child took his above excerpts. Eighteen years youth of 14-20 has been a howling suc- new toothbrush from his own nail on ago the churches began to know about the migrants and their cess. Its purpose is to provide some- the wall, and enthusiastically went needs. It was then that the first through a peppy toothbrush drill. thing worth while for the young peo- After that they all lay down on the thinly covered floor for afternoon ple who are working. A program of naps. Some of the older children were so tired from caring for younger Negro History, Handcraft, and Rec- brothers and sisters, that they thank- reation has been planned. We meet two nights a week.

"A social hygiene forum meets each Monday afternoon and was composed of young men. The average attend- ance was a~out thirty. Some of the subjects discussed were Love, Venereal Diseases, and Marriage."

effort was made to help them. It In Tobacco fully fell asleep on the hard floor. was a unified effort of seven My how good just a small pillow women's denominational home "About twenty came to the recrea- would have felt." mission boards through the tion hall this evening. The group Council of Women for Home "Because many of the children Missions. They sought to im- planned a swim for Monday night. understood very little English, I tried prove these conditions through various ways to help them underthe enactment of protective leg- The group is starting to look on the stand the story. The most successful islation. At the same time they was to make paper figures of people felt responsible for meeting the schedule posted on the porch. Cipus and place them on the table as I went girls brought some Polish records. So along. Afterward they could make their own figures and re-tell the story far the young neople's group has in their own words. When one 10- immediate physical and spir- played darts, bean bag, toss golf, ping- year-old boy was re-telling the story itual needs of the migrants pong and quiet games. Last year of 'Let the little children come unto through public health nurses, me,' with the use of paper people, he recreational directors, visiting about all they wanted to do was said, 'The men wanted to keep the teachers and religious education children away, but Jesus said'-and he leaders in agricultural and can- dance." stumbled over the long verse he had nery areas. Through the years just learned, but finally said, usine: "Alvin came again today. The words of his own vocabulary: 'Jesus the Christian Service in Migrant little fellow asked if he could do the said, "Let 'em come."'" Camps has spread to over fifty dishes and clean the room. I have never seen a child who enjoyed clean- MY CREED ing up a room as much as he does. I wish he could do something in his own home." …

"While I made a game, Selma, who is about ten, read 'Songs from the Slums' by Kagawa. She enjoyed areas in thirteen states. Eight- them very much and from her com- ments I feel that she really under- "The food that I share with een denominations now cooper- stood them. She asked me questions ate. Employers are helping; lo- about him. Later in the afternoon others Is the food that nourishes me. cal communities are accepting a she said that when she read poems The strength that I spend for share in the work as a part of like those and about people who were others their home mission program. so kind she felt sorry for .all the lies Is the strength that I retain. On the World Day of Prayer The freedom I seek for others thousands of groups throughout she told." the country are remembering "As I work I enjoy noticing the Make's me forever free.

growing community spirit among the workers. Almost no profanity. Do a lot of talking about wearing ap- The pain that I ease in others the migrant families in their Shall take away my pain. prayers and in their gifts. The~ parel, menus, clothes, weddings. We The load that I lift from others had craft work. The boys made some Makes my l.Dad disappear. gifts have opened more Chris- checkers. One made a bouquet of flowers out of a tin can and some The good that I see in others tian Centers and sent more Comes back my life to cheer. paper." Christian nurses into migrant The path that I walk with camps. Work is under way in "It has always been considered adthirteen s tat e s, thirty-three mirable here to hit back, and to make others the person cry who is tormenting you. Is the path God walks with more states have migrants but The children favor the idea of loving me."

no work. the one who is mean to you, so he GRACE HILL FREEMAN. The following excerpts from won't want to be mean anymore. I notice them through the day trying it reports of the workers under the out. They don't seem'to admire fights

'~I Our World–wide

i A Missionary Newspaper of Current Events A EDITED BY MRS. HENRIETTA H. FERGUSON, XENIA, OHIO ~'I================================ MISCELLANEOUS cupied with the war. The hosts nearly fifty officer-instructors, of refugees are spreading infec- specialists in their various de- The Church's Challenge tion and a major epidemic may partments, assist the principal. accompany the turn of the year. United foreign mission boards Typhus, smallpox and meningitis -The Life of Faith. of North America and the Fed- are among the possible dangers. eral Council of the Churches of The Value of Christian Christ in America have formu- This is only an illustration of Colleges lated proposals regarding what how the whole world is influthe Christian Church can do in enced for good or for evil by It is interesting to know that the present world crisis. what takes place in one country. eight of our chief justices were Plague, cholera, influenza, war, college graduates, while seven of 1. Align itself with the condemna- crime, vice will spread if they the eight were from Christian tion of the practices of war as de- are not counteracted by health, schools. Eighteen of our nation's scribed in the words of the World peaceful pursuits, friendliness, presidents have been. college Conference in Oxford. education, morality, and the graduates, while .sixteen of the spirit of Christ. eighteen were from Christian 2. Declare its horror that in these schools. Eighteen of the twentydays any government should resort to Training for Salvation Army five masters of American letters war, "declared" or "undeclared," as a Workers were college men, while sevenmeans of obtaining political or eco- teen of the eighteen were from nomic advantage, or as a punitive The training of Salvation Christian colleges. Of the memmeasure. Army officers is a highly special- bers of our national congress, ized process: it has as much to whose efforts or prominence 3. Lead in arousing public opinion do with personality as with pro- have secured for them a place in to support the government in trans- gram. It is directed to fitness "Who's Who," two-thirds of forming a policy of irresponsible iso- for a keen-edged evangelism. them were graduates of Chrislationism into one of active participa- The original training period was tian schools. tion in the organizing of the political six months, but in 1904 it was and economic forces of tb.e world for extended to nine months. -George W. Truett. the purpose of establishing justice and goodwill. In urging such a proposal, London, England, has a train- NORTH AMERICA we repudiate the thought that it in- ing school which accommodates volves reliance upon military or naval 450 cadets, mostly from Great Paganism in U. S. force, or such measures as are apt to Britain, but there are also at lead to war. present representatives of South The Ministerial Association of Africa, Finland, the West Indies, Los Angeles, California, after 4. RecfJgnize the difficult position Holland and Java. In addition, nine months of investigation, rein which Christians in Japan and three junior officers from Swe- ported 120 pagan societies hold- China find themselves today. den and two native officers from ing regular meetings in and East Africa are taking the about the city. They teach and 5. Understand more clearly the im- course. All walks of life are rep- practice various non-Christian portance of its missionary enterprise resented – professional, skilled faiths, hybrid religions or phiand provide more adequately for its and clerical labor, and almost losophies, largely based upon support. The failure of Christians to every branch of industrial ac- Hinduism. Also it was found witness effectively throughout the tivity. The course include.s that Rosacrucianism has a larger world to the realities of their faith is Bible study, public speaking and nl'mber of followers than any one of the causes of our present dis- preparing addresses, principles evangelical church in the city. tress. and methods of social welfare work, first aid, home nursing -Alliance Weekly. 6. Translate its testimony into deeds and simple medical lectures; of mercy. also practice in house-to-house Religion Through Films visitation. Careful record is 7. Testify to its faith in the reality made of each student's progress, During the recent General of the Kingdom of God. which is tested both as to study Convention of the Episcopal and outdoor activity. A staff of Church held in Cincinnati, dem- -American Board News. onstration was given of a re- [51 ] cently launched plan for "visual A Warning to the World The League of Nations sends a warning that the whole world needs to be on its guard against an epidemic of disease originating in China. The cholera plague is rapidly spreading now in China, owing to the disturbed condition of affairs, the attention of the Government being oc-

religion." A fifteen- or twenty- she will provide an hour of care- Practical Cooperation minute film, to take the place of the sermon at the evening serv- fully planned religlOus nurture The Presbyterian Board of ice, relates to three or four sub- for from 600 to 1,uOO American National Missions has been cojects selected from newsreels youth, one half of whom have no operating with the Board of Forwhich present some phase of eco- vital connection with any exist- eign Missions in providing short nomic or social problems. While ing church or Sunday school." periods of training in National the film is being shown the Missions hospitals for new leader asks questions designed Here we see a new method in to stimulate the thinking of the the field of church work. A nurses under appointment to the congregation. After the pictures number of states provide for at foreign field. This arrangement have been shown, the leader, least an hour of Christian trainpreferably the pastor, would ing each week under the direc- gives the Foreign Board an optake a few minutes in which to tion of the church. In other portunity to tryout new worksummarize the Christian atti- states there is no prohibition .of ers, and gives the nurses experitude toward the problems seen such a plan. ence in extension or field nursing on the screen. The plan has been tried out in Spokane, One such teacher in New Jer- programs which both Boards are Washington, and leaders declare sey spends four days each week carrying on. It also renders the it met with a good response. National Board relief at two in four consolidated r u r a I points where, because of the in- The "Christian Cinema Coun- schools, passing from grade to creasing demand for medical cil" in England is considering a grade each period of the day. – care and the recent difficulty in plan to make religious films of This work is made possible by filling vacancies due to the Govthree types: (1) Films with a the cooperation of the Board of ernment's enlarged activities in moral or reI i g i 0 u s object; National Missions of the Pres- health, the nursing load has been (2) films illustrating the work byterian Church, the Board of too heavy for the staffs to carry. of the Church at home and Home Missions and Church Exabroad; and (3) films for direct -Monday Morning. -evangelism. tension of the Methodist Epis- Gideon Bibles in the Schools copal Church, and the public Stewardship Conference school authorities. A prelim- The "Gideons" of Canada have inary survey showed that many Church leaders representing been at work placing Bibles in of the children enrolled were 23 churches and other religious the Dominion's public schools. otherwise unreached by the bodies in the United States and The Gideon ministry of the U. S. church. Canada, with a communicant has now added this feature to membership of at least 23,000,- their work. Here is a quotation This plan is past the experi- 000, met in Philadelphia in Nofrom an article that recently ap- ment stage. For the millions of vember to search for a realistic peared in The Gideon: boys and girls unreached by a~y and scientific Christian attitude church it offers the only defimte toward money-making, money- The burglary insurance rate is religious training that they are spending and the use of life. $12.00 per thousand in Bos~on; ~22.00 ever likely to receive. The conference the m e was in New York; and $27.50 In ChIcago. "Stewardship as an Approach to Is there any connection between these -Christian Advocate. figures and the fact that the Bible has been read daily in the public Methodist Union Plan Experience and Problem!'." The schools of Boston for sixty-five years, discussions centered upon the for twenty-two years in New York, and excluded for thirty years from Unification of three Methodist principles of the Bible, interthe schools in Chicago? denominations, having approxi- preted in modern economic and Girl + Auto = Christian mately 8,000,000 members in all spiritual terms, the practical ex- parts of the world, lacks only the periences of every day, and Education final approval of the Methodist upon a number of definite rules "A college-trained girl with an Episcopal Church, South. O~­ of daily conduct applicable to additional year of special train- cials announce that the ArmIS- every normal relationship of ing in religious education can tice Day voting increased to every human being. teach a junior department of thirty pupils in a Sunday school. nearly 90 per cent the majority Religious Work at Government Seven days later she can bring in favor of the merger. They the impact of her training and Projects personality back to the same said 30 of the 42 conferences task. Give this same welltrained young lady an auto- reported a favorable majority, "United Youth" is the name mobile, set her on the trail of and that approval was practi- of a society of young people in public school groups and, from cally assured. The general ses- the interdenominational work Monday morning to Friday night, conducted by the Home Missions sion of that denomination will be held in Birmingham next Council at Grand Coulee Dam, Washington. About 6,000 men May.

The new unified church, to be are employed by the federal gov- known as the Methodist Church, ernment at Grand Coulee, and will have five geographical juris- the community numbers at least dictions. A sixth jurisdiction 20,000. Three groups of moth- will include Negro churches and ers are organized as a federated conferences. club, and a young mother's club

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

has been organized. About 60 sink and running water, with to all the patients. Tracts and persons attend the morning tow rugs on the floor and cur- Gospels have been given to the church service, and 80 attend tains at the windows. The gar- prisoners in two penitentiaries dens have added all sorts of in near-by cities." Bible school. Similar projects are at Boul- flowers and many kinds of fruits der City, Nevada, where about and vegetables. Helpful as this is, the spiritual improvement Tension Eases in Mexico 180 attend Sunday school; at that has come is far more im- Bonneville Dam, Oregon, where portant.-Christian Advocate. With the exception of the 250 families live in this seven- states of Tabasco and Chiapas, mile-long par ish, and Boy LATIN AMERICA which contain less than five per S co u t s, Christian Endeavor, cent of the population of Mex- Sunday school and church serv- Gospels for Mexico's Soldiers ico, church services are being ice are conducted; and at Ten- conducted normally all over the nessee Valley, particularly Cum- Rev. N. W. Taylor writes that country, and the former tension berland Homesteads, where the the need for buying a new car is eased. Many Mexican priests pastor conducts the equivalent providentially led to a new de- have settled in the United States of an· institutional church pro- velopment in work among sol- near the border, where they are gram, features of which are diers in Mexico. He says: serving parishes of their own interdenominational Sun day nationals. school, worship service and "While breaking in the new young people's organizations. car I could not take it up into Although there seems to be no the mountains and so decided to law on the subject, theological Over the Tea Cups drive down the valley to a city seminaries have not been per- 75 miles away. There had been mitted to function in a conspic- The second annual Christian a few army outposts on this uous way during the past three Friendliness Tea in Seattle was highway and I planned to visit years. The Presbyterian Semattended by seventy-five people, them. The miles sped by with- inary in Coyoacan, a suburb of with G re e k, Spanish-Jewish, out finding any soldiers and we Mexico City, has been closed by Danish, Bulgarian, Italian, Al- began to feel that no work could the government, and it is feared banian, Japanese and Chinese be done. At last we reached an that the Union Seminary in the nationalities represented. The airport on the outskirts of the capital city may suffer likewise. guest violinist was Kosiko Ta- city, where we saw an outpost jitsu, a fourteen-year-old Jap- with a large number of soldiers. -Christian Century. anese girl, who two years ago Approaching the officer I found toured Japan as the soloist of that the adjutant of the battalion Building for Peace in Chile the Tokio Symphony Orchestra. was in ,the camp at that very Her talented thirteen-year-old moment. When he learned what Boys and girls in Valparaiso:s sister played the difficult accom- I wanted to do, he not only gave schools have addressed a peace paniments with skill. The girls me permission to distribute lit- message to all American school are members of the Japanese erature to the men in the outpost children. Congregational Church. The but insisted that I come into Japanese Consul's wife and the town to the barracks. There we Children of America – Again we wife of the Chinese Vice~Consul arranged with the Colonel to re- raise our voices over the mountains were guests of honor. turn on a certain day to give and across the rivers and plains to Gospels and tracts to all the men. bring you our message of peace-:-that -Watchman-Examiner. On that occasion we met the peace which we so much desire and to which the Christ of the Andes, with open arms outstretched over the eter- nal snows, seems symbolically to call us.

Self-Help for Negroes Colonel of another unit, and Children of America! Let us unite when he saw us giving litera- in an affectionate embrace and forget Mary Lee Jones, A.B., Rust ture to all the troops he invited the rivalries which have separated us College, home demonstrator in for so many years. us to visit his battalion. At the Listen – An anxious call comes to the Mississippi Delta:has proved same time an introduction was us from over the sea. It is the call of given to still another battalion our brothers and sisters in Spain. It that one can teach an old dog in a town about twenty miles is the anguished cry of the orphans, new tricks. She finds Negro innocent victims of that fratricidal women forty years old are eager away. struggle.

to learn and are adopting new "Since the first of 1937, twelve In these days of suffering, only our and better ways. Under Miss new regiments or battalions continent, America, conserves its land without war. A great love and a fra- J ones' guidance, eight school have received Gospel portions ternal hope should unite its inhabigrounds and four cemeteries and tracts when in formation on tants. Let us then take care, brothers have been improved; one com- their own parade grounds. In and sisters of America, that this fire munity has bought and installed the offices of three general burns and maintains itself, so that fu- ture generations may enjoy the fruits an eighteen-quart pre s sur e headquarters, New Testaments of eternal peace, which reflects the cooker and six other clubs have have been given to all the staff realization of the sublime desire of the half the money raised for such officers, including the General. Master when he said: "Peace on an installation. Eighty-two cab- Three military hospitals have earth, good will to men." -The Churchman. ins have been improved with a been visited and literature given 54 THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD [January Mennonites as Evangelists sum mer vacation in trekking neva Bible School. By the middle of October, about 3,000 copies in A group of more than 2,000 through the towns and villages fifty-one languages had been sold Russian Mennonites who left in three months. home penniless have lived for of the British Isles, in an effort some years in a colony in the Those in charge of the Kiosk Chaco, Paraguay. These years to reach the unsaved. Their tes- have had many opportunities for have been full of difficulty, partly personal witness and interviews. owing to the difference in climate timony is t hat unscheduled With every Bible sold, one or from that to which they were ac- two leaflets are given as a guide customed, and from the effects events and the consequent alter- to reading, and to the knowledge of the Paraguayan – Bolivian of personal salvation. war. The privileges of religious ation of plans invariably refreedom guaranteed by the Gov- -The Christian. ernment have been faithfully vealed divine overruling. On observed, and the church life of Outlook in Spain this colony is healthy. They are one occasion, finding that they interesting themselves in the Mr. W. C. Edwards, who has spiritual welfare of their Indian had a day to spare, the trekkers spent some time in Spain, says neighbors, and though their op- that the future for Gospel teachportunities of actual witness are pressed on to a town in York- ing in that unhappy land seems limited they have a deep concern very dark; and utterly imposfor their evangelization. The shire they had not intended to sible at present. The Catholic inclusion of an immigrant group Church, wherever it is under of evangelicals in the life of a visit. Holding an open-air meet.. Franco's rule, is all powerful, country has not always had as and every day it is applying the much effect upon the life of the ing there in the evening, they spirit and law of the Inquisition nation as might have been upon the poor terror-stricken hoped, and it is, therefore, an found the people hungry for the people. C r 0 sse s have been encouraging sign that this Men- erected in some central squares, nonite colony is concerned to Gospel, and six decided for and an altar, with policemen witness to the people of their always on the watch, and woe benew home country. Christ. tide the person who passes with- out bowing to it and giving the -World Dominion Press. Another benefit was the prac- Fascist salute. He is arrested at once. -The Christian. • Oonversions in Peru tical experience gained on the As a Militarist Sees Religion Rev. A. C. Snead, of the Chris- trek. Students learned how to tian Alliance, visiting Quechua While Hitler and Mussolini Indians, writes in .the Alliance concentrate in preparation of have fundamentally the same ob- Weekly: jective, the latter is pursuing a addresses when distances re- sounder plan to attain it in at- God is at work here in Peru, espe- tacking one obstacle at a time, cially in faraway mountain and nuired much time on the road. and has not as yet molested the jungle sections. In Tayabamba, Church or ,the Jews; while Hitwhere the first convert was won only Also, they learned how to adapt ler is attacking Jews, Catholics a little more than two years ago, and and Protestants at one and the where six months ago there were only their talks to varying types of same time. A great German twenty professed iJelievers, there are general recently condemned this today more than one hundred and people. -Life of Faith. as short-sighted folly, "because," twenty who show signs of definite con- said this general, "no army that version. Fourteen men walked eleven Missionary-Minded Youth goes into battle without hope of days over the steepest mountain trails, in France a life hereafter will fight sucpart of the way in altitudes where no cessfully." villages or houses could be seen, to The ninth annual conference attend the services at Pachas. of the Congres Missionaire de The Ohurch and Hitler J eunf!!sse in France last Septem- It was wonderful to be at Pachas, ber represented a missionary After failure to achieve Protwith 220 Quechua Indians from eight- movement among French youth. estant church unity by stamping een pueblos on mountain and in The students' Federation and all out opposition, Herr Hitler has jungle, who gathered to sing the youth movements in France sent declared himself tired of the praises of God, and to learn of Christ. delegates to the number of more whole church business. One of In the evening services the attendance than eighty. The vast territories the inexplicable myths which has of others from Pachas (a fanatical of the French colonial empire crept out of Germany has been Catholic center) brought the number will furnish a sphere for this that Hitler wishes to see the in the congregation to about 300. missionary interest. churches in Germany free to do just as they choose, that every EUROPE There is now a unified evan- gelical church in France com- Students' "Summer Trek" prising the Reformed Church, the Ref 0 r m e d Evangelical Students of Highfield Mission- Church, the Free Church and the ary Training Colony spent their Methodist Church of France. Commissions are studying a method of redistributing the congregations in regional dis- tricts in 1938. The evangeliza- tion of the suburbs of Paris constantly preoccupies the lead- ers. An effort is being made to create one new church yearly for ten years.

-World Dominion Press.

Bible Kiosk at Paris People of all classes and na- tions are being reached through the Bible Kiosk at the Paris Ex- position, maintained by the Geman should be allowed to wor- July, the Central Council of God- Most fanatical of the three reliship as he thinks fit. Hitler does less Institutions in Moscow plans gions is that of the false not understand the "church to hold an International Godless prophet. question." To him there is no Congress in London in April, intrinsic difference between a 1938, and has voted 150,000 Still another classification is: church and a skittle association. rubles towards the expenses. first, small groups of believers Hence, he does not understand The Oxford Conference must bearing witness to Christ; secwhy these oppositional pastors have convinced Soviet leaders ond, those who give evidence of should behave as they do. that the Church is a force to be conviction, but are still holding reckoned with, and that an anti- aloof; third, those who have Pastor Niemoeller, in a letter religious drive is called for. heard the Word, and evince a dewritten from prison to a friend, sire to know more. The great says he is not only unbroken, but The plans made to carry out mass of the people, however, are full of joy and gratitude for this propaganda include, among still ignorant and fanatical and God's gracious guidance. "I am other things, a new radio station there are only about twenty now resting in peace," he says, to be completed next year, from workers among 2,000,000 Mo- "after the abundant turmoil of which godless talks are to be hammedans. -The Christian. the last few years and await pa- delivered daily in European lantiently and with full confidence, guages, including English. An- .Capturing Souls should the Lord again need me ticipating that Great Britain for service outside these walls. may ban the holding of a God- African evangelists, elders, When and how? It is not for less Conference in London, the missionaries in Cameroon, West me to concern myself about that. Soviet Council voted that, in Africa, set as their centennial I know that I and many others this eve n t, the Conference goal the winning of 15,000 new whom God has committed to soli- would be held in Belgium or converts: they have won almost tary places are carried by many Holland. -The Christian. 18,00b, and the Good News is prayers." still spreading. But conversion AFRICA was not enough. Each new Baptists in Roumania Christian is being trained, that Waldensians in Abyssinia he may know what his new de- The Baptist World Alliance cision means and learn to live a reports that the Roumanian Gov- The Italian Government has Christian life. ernment seems determined to asked the Waldensian Church of enforce its decree that some non- Italy to send a second chaplain As their African forefathers orthodox groups are illegal. At to help Captain Bertinatti in went out to capture men and present the 70,000 Baptists in missionary work at Add i s women for slaves and wives, and Roumania are not directly de- Ababa, Ethiopia. Sig. Edoardo returned singing from a successclared illegal, but they are re- Micol, a young minister of 29, ful "raid," so these modern capquired to conform to conditions at present in Sicily, (Pachino) tors returned each day to hold which are to them intolerable in has been sent. It means a great a prayer service for those who principle and impossible in prac- sacrifice, from every point of have refused, and those who tice. Unless they conform, they view, for the Waldensians to have received their message. become illegal. This decree is in send more men to Ethiopia, but violation of the principle of reli- it seems a duty to meet the re- -Monday Morning. gious freedom to which Rou- quest to carryon the missionary mania has subscribed as a mem- work in the Italian colonies. Congo Women Send Greetings ber of the League of Nations. There are thousands of Evan- The Roumanian State Constitu- gelical Abyssinian Christians Ma Ngunga, chairwoman of tion also pays homage to reli- who are now like sheep without the Native Council's women's gious liberty. The Orthodox a shepherd. sessions, Belgian Congo, was Church of Roumania was repre- asked by a missionary what messented at the Oxford Conference -Prof. Ernest Comba sage she should send from them in July, and participated in the of Rome. to Northern Baptist women in unanimous decision to abjure America. She quickly replied: connivance with the repression Land of Three M's by the State of religious minori- "Tell the women of your counties. Yet the present crisis has The effective witness of na- try that we thank them heartily undoubtedly been brought about tive converts is one evidence of for sending us women missionby the influence of the Orthodox a new era in North Africa. In aries. At first even when we Church on the Roumanian Gov- Tunis, though political loyalty is became Christians, we were very ernment. divided between Fascism and much afraid to testify or to try communism, fellowship in the to do any work in the church. -Watchman-Examiner. Gospel has enabled many of both But we saw our white mothers groups to lay aside their differ- go about their work just the Moscow vs. Oxford ences. Mrs. E. E. Short, British same as the men. From them missionary who has been in we began to receive courage. Obviously to stage an answer Tunis forty years, says North Now we are no longer afraid; to the Oxford Conference of last Africa is a land of three M's- We still do not feel very strong; Moses, Mary and Mohammed. but we do want to take our share in the school work, in the med- 56 THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD ical work, and especially in the James B. Barton Memorial toward organic unity, but all work of drawing other women work together with one purpose to Jesus Christ. Greet the wom- The Prudential Committee of -Latins, Greeks, Armenians, en of your country for us all." the American Board has hear.tily Anglicans and Protestants. In endorsed the thought of a Me- Christian schools, all the varied – Watchman-Examiner. morial to Dr. James L. Barton classes meet together, and slowly in Istanbul, Turkey, the city that are getting a common educa- Bantus: "Let It Go" spans the closest approach of tional and cultural background. Europe and Asia; the land of The watchword of Bantu Con- his first foreign service. The -The Living Church. gregational Churches is Mali- memorial is to be in connection hambe. What does it mean? with the American Hospital and Pray for Tender Hearts Literally, "Let it go"; that is, School of Nursing of Istanbul. let the evangel go – not let it The Jessie Taylor Kinderalone, not forget it, but release Modern nursing began in Is.!: garten was in the center of the it for its redemptive work. It is tanbul, when Florence Nightin- anti-Christian riots that took the equivalent of Christ's last gale entered the pestilential place in Beirut, Syria, early last command: "Go ye into all the Crimean War hospitals on the year, and the night school is still world." Bosphorus. With the restric- suffering from that antagonism. tions of the veil now removed in But as soon as the day school Malihambe has captuted the Turkey, over 100 young women could reopen, the chi I d r e n imagination, the enthusiasm and nurses have graduated from this trooped gayly back, and the the purse of Bantu Congrega- school since the Great War. school now proudly boasts a tional churches. waiting list. Mrs. J. H. Nicol -Missionary Herald. writes: "The day when the riots -Missionary Herald. seemed most threatening we The Child on the Street closed the school and escorted WESTERN ASIA the children safely home. Be- Turkey's Educational Admin- fore we left one small Moslem Religion in Turkey istration has noted the fact that boy said, 'Won't you please pray children of working families are before we go?' So, of course, I Turkey dealt a body blow to wandering in the streets after would. I asked him, 'What do Islam some years ago, but is still school hours, and it has been you want me to pray for?' He considered a M 0 s I e m land. seeking means to prevent this said, 'Ask God to make people's Among other amendments to the situation, harmful to the chil- hearts tender to each other so constitution last year, the State dren. For this purpose "child- that they will not hurt each is declared to be "laic"; that is, sheltering" rooms will be opened other.' So there were small the Government does not recog- in different parts of the city. heads reverently bowed while we nize an official religion, nor does asked the Father to give us lovit stand to support any par- The Administration has also ing hearts and minds to underticular religion. No one may decided to take strict measures stand each other." interefere with another's reli- to make school attendance more gion; in religion, as in intel- regular. Accordingly, when a Unhappy Assyrians lectual and political matters, pupil does not go to school for fanaticism has given place to one day, notice will be sent to The Assyrians seem to be the mutual tolerance. the child's parent or guardian. forgotten people number one. If a pupi1 is sick, an official doc- There are some 30,000 of them Lest this appear to be more of tor will be sent to his home. in Mesopotamia, the racial reman advance than it actually is, Also, in order to prevent a stu- nant, perhaps, of the great emdeputy Bey Ali warns the Turk- dent from going to the cinema pire of antiquity, and the reliish people that liberty of con- or cafes during the school hours, gious remnant of the greatest science is not a limitless free- such places will be very closely missionary force in the middle dom. The State may interfere controlled. ages, the Nestorian Church. Like in certain situations. For in- so much "Christianity" in the stance, he says, children under -Turkish Translation Near East, the religion has dried eighteen may be subjected to a Service. into ritual, leaving the people alkind of spiritual compUlsion in most totally ignorant of the gosreligion in foreign schools; this Unity Out of Palestine? pel, and many of their priests are already has happened, and will little better. They are a quarrelnot be tolerated. However, after Christian unity coming out of some lot, both among themselves passing the age of eighteen every Palestine is seen as a future pos- and the people among whom they individual is free to choose his sibility by Canon Bridgeman, live. They were staunch and own religion, "provided this does Episcopal missionary in J eru- valuable allies of the British durnot disturb the social order." salem. As the basis for this pre- ing the war; and the British He adds: "Youth must not be diction, Canon Bridgeman cites officially assumed "moral respondragged into Catholicism, and the cordial relationships which sibility" for them as a people thereby a culture foreign to our exist between the representatives when proposing the independthought and feeling be permitted of virtually all communions to spring up in the midst of the working in the Holy Land. Turkish people." There is no specific movement -Alliance Weekly. ence of Iraq to the League of say, "Well, anyhow now I know, ing, and nine the examination in Nations. But here they remain, and shall not spend any more weaving, held by the Committee after a number of unsuccessful time and money looking for a of Direction for Technical Eduattempts to arrange their emi- cure, for if you cannot cure me, cation. The scout organization gration. Six evangelists are at no one can, and I know you are has proved to be of inestimable work among them, patiently folk who do not flatter or tell value in training character and showing by word and deed the lies, but you tell the truth." encouraging the young people to way of the Gospel. be truthful, honest and active. INDIA-SIAM -Presbyterian Board News. -Dnyanodaya. World Conference at Madras Mothercraft in Iran A Requirement for Converts On account of war conditions, Mrs. J. D. Payne of Teheran, the great world conference of the Such a deep impression has Iran, teaches a course in "moth- International Missionary Coun- the Christian religion made upon ercraft" in connection with the cil, scheduled to be held at Hang- converts in India that there is a Woman's Club, which has a de- chow, China, in the fall of 1938, constant demand for teachers in partment of adult education for has been obliged to change its new villages. Before a teacher women. There are about 45 in place of meeting to India, and is sent to a community, at least each of three classes. No text- will convene at Madras Chris- 50 natives must attend daily books can be used; lectures and tian College in Madras, Decem- worship for a specified length of pictures must serve, since the ber 10th to 30th. time. Then the bishop is petiwomen are about in the first- tioned for a teacher. It costs reader stage. Some show inter- Value in Persecution $75 a year for such instructors. est, some indifference, while Instruction for a period of a others are openly opposed to Let no one think the day of year precedes baptism and antaking time to listen to a for- religious persecution has passed other year before confirmation. eigner talk about something of in India. On the contrary, re- Witness is the primary requirelittle value. God gave them ports show an intensified indi- ment of the Christian, and contheir babies, Kismet (fate) left vidual persecution in recent verts are frequently asked as them, or caused them to die, so years. This may even affect they come to church whether or why all this bother? They be- whole communities where new not they have brought others to lieved the world was supported work is being established. It is Christ. -The Living Church. on the horns of a bull; that the still possible to see the crops of sun was a man and the moon a a village being brought in with Christian Character Counts woman; that the foreigner was rejoicing, and those of a recent only to be pitied for her igno- Christian going up in flames. Some villagers in Assam were rance. But most of them ab- compelled by crop failure to try sorbed some of the principles But such persecution has a to get money by arranging with taught. Mrs. Payne writes: value in clarifying individual a timber merchant for a con- "One of the older pupils told me conviction, and the courage and tract. When they approached one day that she wanted another faith of the Christians continues him and asked for an advance baby. She had had nine chil- to make a deep impression in the of several hundred rupees so dren and they all died. I stared community. The revolution they could fulfil their contract, in amazement. 'Why do you created in family life, in cleanli- he was hesitant about giving want another, then?' I asked. ness of person and habits, of them the money. Just then a 'Before I came to your class I growing strength of character, non-Christian forest ranger apdid not want any more, but now are singularly manifest against peared, and after hearing of the I have learned so much from you a background of their previous difficulty said, "These men are I think that I could raise one if life. None can deny that things Christians and they always do I had it. You see, I made mis- have fundamentally changed in their work faithfully. They are takes.' " what, to them, is a miraculous industrious, and once they be- manner. gin to work they will stick to it. "Christians Do Not Lie" lt will be good business for you -World D.ominion Press. to give them the contract and Sufferers sometimes come 300 advance the necessary money." miles or more to the American Uplift for Criminal Tribes This assurance won the day. Christian Hospital in Meshed, Iran; some even come from An important nation-building Gandhi and Prohibition Afghanistan, in spite of the ex- process is going on by means of pense and difficulty of crossing the Criminal Tribes Settlement The prohibition policy of the the national frontier into a for- Work at Sholapur and other new Ministry of Madras Presieign land. Unfortunately, they centers. Eighty-three lads have dency is not mere talk. Gandhi, cannot all be cured, but such is been apprenticed to various in his Rarijan, expresses the the hospital's reputation that trades. There are 302 children hope of "bringing about total when told there is no cure for in the manual training classes in prohibition not later than three t.heir malady, they will sigh and settlement schools. During the years from July 14, 1937, the year, 18 boys passed the exam- ination in carpentry and draw-

date of taking office by the first For Pure Milk for India the interest your people have shown Congress Ministry." He de- in our work, and the concrete part clares fearlessly: They water the milk in India you have played in that work in the too, but Allahabad Agricultural years that are past. I sincerely hope I count the loss of this revenue Institute has found a way to that this cross which you are install- (from the liqu9r traffic) as of no ac- check on village dairymen by es- ing may be the means of linking us count whatever. Prohibition will re- tablishing milk stations, where more vitally, not only in our common main a far cry if Congress is to count the cows are milked before an interest, but also in our common worthe cost in a matter of first class na- inspector, who checks the sani- ship. It gives us much pleasure to tional importance. Let it be remem- tary condition of the animals, realize that Siamese workmanship is bered that this drink and drugs rev- workmen and utensils, weighs to assist the members of your church enue is an extremely degrading form the milk, and delivers it to the in making our common Christ more of revenue. The loss of revenue is Institute dairy. Where cleanli- real. only apparent. The removal of this ness, honesty, and the keeping of degrading tax enables the drinker- records were unknown before, -Monday Morning. the taxpayer – to earn and spend cooperative dairymen's societies better. are being formed. The Institute French Indo-China hopes to build up a system such Then, by way of a Hindu re~ as exists in some parts of the About a year ago a young Anbuke to Christian America, United States, where the cattle Gandhi says: "The American belong to individuals, but the namese evangelist began work example is a hindrance rather milking and marketing are than a help to us. In America, handled by a responsible central among a race of mountaineers, drinking carries no shame with organization. it. It is the fashion there to the Thais, who live in the hills drink." He graciously adds: -Monday Morning. "I do not despair of America north of Laos Province. Alonce more returning, with still Buddhist Worship in Tibet greater fervor and better experi- though these people are highly ence in dealing with it." Theos Bernard, 28-year-old American explorer, is the first intelligent, they are quite unciv- India has made progress when white man to witness, photoshe thus encourages us to try graph and par,ticipate in the re- ilized and untouched by the Gosagain in a moral crusade. ligious rites of the lamaseries and monasteries of Tibet. He pel. In Laos itself there are -Dnyanodaya. took motion pictures of cere- monies which even Tibetans had 60,000 Laotians and tribespeople Practice Training Experiment never seen. who are still in absolute dark- Church workers in Santa} In addition to his phototried an experiment which seems graphs, Mr. Bernard, who has ness, living in constant fear of to promise far-reaching results. recently returned to the U. S., After repe~ted visits were paid brought back a collection of rare evil spirits. Except for the Swiss to definitely Christian villages, a books and manuscripts, includcircular was sent out to clergy ing complete copies of the Kan- missionaries in southern Laos and catechists in charge of con- Gyur, the Buddhist scriptures, gregations, asking for the names and Ten Gyur, or commentaries, there have been no witnesses in of any villagers who would like and other works including 333 instruction in ways of present- volumes printed from engraved that vast, semi-explored district; ing the Gospel to non-Christian wood blocks. These were carried neighbors. Though illness kept in yak-skin bags for hundreds but recently the Christian and away many who sent their of miles by a pack caravan of names, twenty-eight men and mules and yaks over 18,000-foot Missionary Alliance has apeighteen women came. Bible mountain passes and streams. readings and talks on personal pointed a couple for service contacts, how to tell Bib 1e Siamese Present Cross stories, how to speak at a lan- there. tern service, how to teach in A teakwood cross, carved by Sunday school, wi.th practice in a young Siamese Christian, has There is also great need in doing such things, filled the pro- been presented to the United gram. During the last week Church of Hyde Park, Chicago. eastern Siam, with its fourteen end the people themselves sug- Rev. Pluang Sudhikam, of Banggested the following lines of fol- kok, wrote the officers of the provinces and a population of low-up acti,on: Prayer, both church: private and in weekly prayer 4,000,000; only three provinces meetings; Sun day schools; May I as Moderator of the Church preaching bands; personal work; of Christ in Siam take the liberty of are occupied by missionaries. teaching iIliterates to read and expressing the great pleasure and write. -C. M. S. Outlook. gratitude of our Christian people for Two new workers have been ap- pointed for this field, and six young men from the Siam Bible School have gone out on active service. -Life of Faith.

CHINA Who Says Evacuate?

A missionary of the American Board in North China writes the Church in the U. S.: Of one thing we are sure: there can be no abandonment of our work in North China. We have-you have -too large a stake here to think of running off and leaving it. The stake consists of far more than property and institutions. It is a spiritual stake and belongs to a Kingdom of God that still takes precedence over the Im- perial Japanese Government. Barely two years ago, in a personal conver- sation, the American Ambassador told me that he believed emphatically that in the new regime, which he then felt sure was coming, our contribution as Christian missionaries would be needed

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

even rrW're than in the 75 years of our order to win the game, but she among the Wa tribe near the mission's history which had just closed. is getting her pocket drained border of Burma. The Chinese While so many things are crashing every day she lingers in China. soldiers seem intent on destroyabout us, there are other things that She is killing us day by day but ing every vestige of Christianity dJ and must remain. The friendship this act of killing takes much in that tribe. Representations of Christians of the West for the money. Finally she will go through the American Consul stricken Church of Christ in this land bankrupt. We must pray for have proved worse than fruitwill be of enormous value. peace. I do not think all Jap- less. This is not, however, anese people are as inhuman as typical of the attitude of the The courage and good spirit in these war soldiers." Chinese Government, either civil which our Chinese leaders with whom or military, towards mission we are in daily contact are carrying War Impetus to Education work in Yunnan, for in almost on is in itself an appeal for all that every place there is toleration we can do to hold up their hands. Hin Wong, contributor to the and even friendliness. Many of China Weekly Review, says that the officials are either Christians Chinese Appeal to Christians the war now in progress, while themselves, or friendly to Chris- distressing in many ways, is tian propaganda. An open letter to the Chris- beneficial to the Chinese morally, tians of the world, signed by 20 especially to the women folk, in- Although definite statistics prominent Chinese Christians, cluding those in Szechuen, who are not available, it is highly both men and women, declares: now realize their short-comings probable that there are more "The present Sino – Japanese and are not slow to apply a rem- aboriginal Christians in Yunnan crisis may prove a test of the edy. Certain middle schools for than in all the other provinces moral strength of the Christian girls in and outside Chungking of China put together. Amer- Church throughout the world. have decided to use the off-hours ican Baptist workers have bap- Our earnest hope is that the of their students to organize tized over 28,000 aborigines. Sino-Japanese conflict may not mass education for adult women be viewed as a local and remote in order to interest the illiterate JAPAN-CHOSEN quar.rel. . . . We appeal to in reading, and thus in national Christian people all over the affairs. The women's division Shrine Problem Again world, including those in Japan, of the present National Defense, to share with us the sense of re- or anti-enemy, League in Chung- In carrying out the instrucsponsibility in this perilous king, has found itself inefficient tions of the educational departhour, and to adopt whatever and unable to meet the task as- ment of the government that all measures are within their power signed it, simply because of lack common schools in Japan adopt to set in motion the corporate of leadership among the women some sort of spiritual drill, many conscience of the Christian themselves; and all this may be principals take the pupils to a Church." traced to lack of education on near-by shrine once a month and the part of the masses. make them bow before it. The The "Truly True Church" National Sunday School Associa- Revival in Hong Kong tion is seeking to counteract this China is not without sec- influence in the lives of Christarianism. Independent groups Dr. H. Lechmere Clift, of tian pupils, and is endeavoring are springing up in the Chinese Emanuel Medical Mission, Hong- to make special plans to come in Church, and some try to draw kong, writes in The Life of touch with these pupils in some members away from others. Faith: active way. Reports indicate These groups have such names that the Sunday school enrolas the Glory Church, the Inde- The unJelievable has happened. Re- ment is steadily decreasing, due pendent C h u r c h, the Little vival has begun in Hongkong – al- largely to the rising tide of mili- Flock, the True Jesus Church, most the hardest place in the world tarism. Every effort is being and the Truly True Jesus to rouse saint or sinner. Suddenly, made to awaken church mem- Church. Obviously, the Truly with no herald announcing his ap- bers to a realization of their True have left the True. proach, a tall young American ap- duties in connection with this peared at our Mission. He was Mr. important aspect of their work. -So S. Times. Clifford Lewis on his way to Burma, India, Palestine and Britain. How- -World's Sunday School Extracts from Chinese ever, in answer to prayer, the Lord Association. Woman's Letter detained him, and he had more than a fortnight's meetings. Many souls Kagawa's Views Unchanged "Weare unable to send any have been saved and believers brought war news to anyone as mails are into fuller light and into more conse- Asked to comment upon the being censored. . . . China is crated surrender. rumors that Dr. Toyohiko Kagfighting a defensive war. Japan awa had modified his Christian is fighting a war of aggression. Persecution in Yunnan pacifist attitude because of Ja- China will resist to the end. pan's present action in China, China may die in the end but World Dominion Press reports his secretary and fellow worker, Japan will die with us also. that frightful persecution is go- Miss Helen Topping, declared Japan is acting like a gambler ing on against the American that letters she had received playing a poker game. She is Baptist Mis s ion Christians bidding the highest stakes in

from Japan quite recently were Educating Koran Girls from India, Tonga, Samoa, the eloquent witness to Kagawa's Ellice Islands and New Zealand. distress and concern at the pres- Great changes have taken It has been an official leper setent actions of his country. place in all the mission schools tlement since 1911. Since that of Korea. Twenty-five years ago year there have been more than -The Living Church. the average girl was sixteen to 900 admissions to Makogai, of twenty years old when she en- which about 580 remain today. Japanese Speaks Out tered. There were even a few The island is barely two and a married women. Educational half miles long and a mile wide. At a mass meeting in Madison standards were negligible. Most Square Garden, New York City, of the students were from Chris- Lepers able to care for themlast October, Mr. S. Okemoto, a tian homes and had for years selves are housed in one of five Japanese, said: been attending Sunday school, villages, according to their race. as well as Bible classes with Each village is ruled by a head- Enough has been said about the older women. man, responsible to the adminisreal aim of this undeclared war upon tration for its cleanliness and China by the Japanese military Fas- While the objectives have not the observance of health rules. cists who dominate their government. changed, they now enter at All lepers are expected to work, I shall speak about whether the peo- eleven or twelve years of age, if able. Most of them are farmple of Japan want war, whether the and a larger proportion come ers, raising bananas, sweet potapeople of my country wish to murder from non – Christian hom e s. toes, tapioca and kawais. Any helpless women and children. They There is sufficient evidence to surplus crops are bought by the do not want war.. they do not want prove that these modern stu- government and used for feedto murder the peace-loving people of dents when once they have ing the inmates at the hospital. China; nor do they wish to destroy yielded their hearts to God have the old civilization of China. I give the same burning enthusiasm for European nurses devote their facts to prove it. Christian service as have their lives to these sufferers. They older sisters, with even greater perform the minor dressings for First, the working masses of Japan poise and efficiency. the patients and aside from their have to work long hours for miserably aid in medical and surgical treatlow wages. What will they gain by AUSTRALIA AND THE ment .they spend their time engoing into China to shoot the Chinese ISLANDS couraging the lepers in work and or to be shot themselves? Is it in de- play. Besides the inevitable fense of their country? That cannot Sunday School by Mail movies, the inmates have fishing, be, for we all know that no country model boat sailing, cricket and on earth is threatening Japan. The Postal Sunday School native games for amusement. Movement, wit h headquarters Secondly, who is hearing the burden in Sydney, Australia, was started Surprisingly, the visitor finds of the tremendous expense of this four years ago to meet the spir- the whole atmosphere one of warfare? It is the working masses itual needs of young people in cheerfulness. This is due to the of Japan, where the prices of bare lonely homesteads and scattered fact that modern medicine has necessities, food and clothing- have al- settlements. More than 8,000 shown leprosy to be curable. ready risen 80 per cent. The people boys and girls are members, of of Japan cannot afford to pay for war whom 2,718 enrolled during the Women in the Philippines when they earn hardly enough to pay past year. Thousands of isolated for a bowl of rice! It is the military boys and girls still remain to be The U nit e d Evangelical clique, together with a handful of big linked up with the movement. Church of the Philippines' has financial and industrial interests, that just taken a forward step; it is started war, not the Japanese people. Joy Bells, a monthly periodi- the formation of a Woman's cal, is sent to everyone of them Association. Two years ago the – Watchman-Examiner. free, and contains Bible lessons Dorcas Societies of Mindanao requiring study and answers sent a resolution to the General How Churches Start which are sent to headquarters Assembly asking for more par- for examination and correction. ticipation. As a result, women The founding of a Christian Interesting articles in it foster delegates were invited to the church in a heathen village is al- an interest in the Bible among General Assembly last year for ways a miracle. Here is one these children of some 3,900 the first time. These women which had its beginning in the homes in every state of the Com- then got together to consider hear.t of a humble man from the monwealth, New Zealand, Fiji, how Church women could render mountains. He had heard the New Guinea, Nauru and the more effective service. After Gospel for the first time while Solomon Islands. their deliberations, and with the bringing lumber down for the encouragement of Dr. E. C. Sob- Chusil church, and a workman -World Dominion Press. repena, Moderator of the Gentaught him to believe in Jesus. eral Assembly of the United He went home, and succeeded in Leper Island in Fiji Evangelical Church, the Womconvincing four of his six broth- an's Union was organized, with ers of the truth of the Gospel. Makogai is a dreaded spot in Mrs. Julia Yapsutco as first Although he could neither read the Pacific Ocean. It is the president. nor write he bought several island of Fiji to which go lepers Bibles and hymn books to distribute among his brothers and neighbors who could read. He himself is now learning to read. There are about 400 homes in his village; about 45 attend worship services.

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

Mrs. Yapsutco has been a dy- growing interest in Bible study. Chautauqua World Missions Innamic leader in the churches of All this has challenged workers stitute: "A Moslem world dis- Mindanao, stimulating the de- to broaden their program, and turbed by the forces of nationalvelopment of a number of con- these are the goals they have set ism, social change, and science gregations and becoming pastor for the next two years: and education, was portrayed by of some of them. She is a wom- The Gospel shall be preached for Dr. Young, speaking on 'The an of deep spiritual life, and will not less than one week in every mu- Awakening of the M 0 s Ie m nicipality of the Bicol Region. World.' Approximately 250 milgive this association leadership In every town where there is an or- lion people are of Moslem faith of a high order. today, considerably in excess of ganized church, every precinct shall all the Protestant Christians in -Missionary Herald. hear the Gospel. the world. Dr. Young stated that the Moslem world is seeth- Every member shall strive to win ing with unrest today and turn- ing away from the orthodox Mo- Something New Under at least one soul to Christ. hammedan conceptions. In just Moro Sun what direction it is turning is Every family in the church shall not now evident. It may pos- possess a Bible and every member at sibly turn to a revised Moslem faith, adapted to modern condi- Under the inspiration and di- least a New Testament. tions; or it may turn largely to rection of Dr. Frank C. Lau- A definite work among the Negritos Christianity. bach, a group of young Filipinos (small aborigines) shall be estab- "Dr. Young pointed out that have launched a m 0 vern e n t lished through local contributions the thinking Moslem people can- alone. not reconcile the ideals of Chris- tianity with the practices of supbased upon seven tests of char- Family worshio shall be established posedly Christian nations and acter: (1) Abandonment of evil . in every evangelical home. people, particularly as to the Christian use of force, and alhabits of thought and action. MISCELLANEOUS coholism. The Moslems look to (2) Absolute honesty. (3) Ab- the United States as the most nearly Christian nation in the solute purity. (4) Absolute Missions and Peace world, thus placing upon us a tremendous responsibility in pounselfishness. (5) To be abso- The Federal C 0 u n c i I of lutely loving. (6) Seek and ob- tential power for good. This Churches and the Committee on serve the Will of God in every International Relations of the power can only be exercised if detail of life. (7) Help their fellow men find the "Good Life.'.' Foreign Missions Conference our practices are made to con- Every young Moro who wishes have agreed upon a plan of coto join must pledge himself to operation to relate the mission- form to our ideals." these principles. Over 43 to ary program of the Church more date have done so. Here is a real challenge to the closely to the cause of peace and better international understand- Christian churches of America Goals for the Future ing. It is widely recognized that and to the home missions forces. foreign missions have a part to The non-Catholic population play in the maintenance of world in the Philippines is increasing peace.

rapidly, while the Roman Cath- From a .Summer Oonference olic population is becoming more Notebook broad-minded and, in many cases is asking for Protestant training Dr. Herrick B. Young, Board for their children. .There is a of Foreign Missions of the Pres- deepened spirituality and a byterian Church of U. S. A., PERSECUTION THAT MISSED ITS POINT Christians have always been persecuted more or less in the Bhil country, Western India, but last year concerted effort was made to destroy Christianity in the village of Ubri. So far as can be ascertained, the reason was fear that the Christian community might become dominant. Whereupon the converts were beaten and constantly threatened, and finally given five days' notice to quit the village. Successful appeal was made to the local magistrate who ruled that Christians were not to be turned out of the village.

This organized persecution was not without encouraging results. The persecutors in Ubri were anxious for the persecution to spread into other villages. So they sent word to the head men of villages near by that unless they made it hot for the Christians in their villages, no brides would be forthcoming from Ubri for their young men. The head men responded by summoning the Christians in the various villages to a meeting. Nearly every Christian household was represented. Then such questions were asked as: "Why did you become Christians?" and "In what way is Christianity better than Hinduism?" and so a splendid opportunity for evangelism was given. The meeting broke up in quite a friendly atmosphere, and the attempt to spread organized persecution fizzled out. Not only that, but Christians were bound together as never before.-C. M. S. Outlook.

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I Our Missionary Bookshelf I Books Briefly Reviewed for the Readers' Information 1_ ~,~=====-=o…oo=~=======-==,~ The Solitary Throne. By Samuel M. glibly pray the prayer that we The Process of Change in the Otto- Zwemer. 111 pp. ish. Pickering may be filled with the Holy man Empire. By Dr. Wilbur W. & Inglis. London. 1937. Spirit. I shall never forget the White. Map. 314 pp. $3.50. Uni- professor under whom I .was versity of Chicago Press. 1937. The author was formerly a taught theology telling a man to missionary to Arabia, and re- stop as he prayed that prayer" Ranke, a century ago, unravelcently Professor of Christian and the man stopped in the ing the tangled history of Eur- Missions and the History of Re- middle of his petition. 'John,' ope and the Popes, wrote "No ligion at Princeton Theological he said, 'do you know what it history can be written but uni- Seminary; for twenty-six years might mean to your father and versal history." Dr. White, Ashe has been Editor of The Mos- sistant Professor of Political lem World. He has given us mother, to your home-ties, and Science at Western Reserve Unifive addresses delivered at the to your whole life, if you were versity, has well proven the Keswick Convention in England really baptized with the Holy truth of this quotation. In this last summer. The title is taken Spirit?' When we pray that Doctor's dissertation, he shows from a s tat e m e nt by Mr. prayer, it means combustion- hoW the drama of the Ottoman Gandhi: "I am unable to place sacrifice, 'my heart an altar and Empire, though enacted on the Jesus Christ on a solitary Thy love the flame.' " Near Eastern stage, was plotted throne." These addresses on backstage in Russia, Austria, The Solitary Throne, His Minis- The chapter on "The Glory of Great Britain and later Italy and ters a Flame, Photophobia, The the Impossible" is a summons Germany. The book is a mod- Glory of the Impossible, and The more imperative than any Muez- ern tragedy, with its theme the Hinterland of the Soul empha- zin's can to prayer; it is a sum- struggle of a single old Moslem size the finality of Christ, His Empire against new and vigposition on the Throne of God, mons to the exercise of Christian orous empires. His worthiness to open the seals faith, courage and determination of the Book of History, His abil- in carrying the Gospel to the Here is a condensed history of ity to make His ministers a flame Moslem world, where the author Turkey – the first chapter reof fire, and His glory in bringing spent many years of his life and viewing the rise of a military the Light of Life to men. which he knows so thoroughly. Moslem Empire during the Thir- "It is daybreak, not sunset in teenth Century, penetrating all Dr. Zwemer's style is not like the Moslem world" is his in- contiguous territories till in a smoothly running brook, but formed and eager cry. 1774, having attained its zenith, like a stream which is full of the process of disintegration berapids and cataracts. Like The closing chapter on "The came evident. The following Carlyle he is staccato, pungent, Hinterland of the Soul" is the chapters trace the methods used piercing, although the original call of a real leader and a true by European imperialism to and forceful address on "Photo- prophet to all Christians to rouse weaken and encroach on the dephobia" is an exception to this. from lethargy and to take pos- caying Ottoman Empire. There He is nothing if not original, di- session of the things which have is a trenchant criticism of the rect, interesting and often dis- been promised by the Lord. vision of political leaders during turbing. His whole soul is de- the nineteenth century in not voted to the Lord Jesus. First Dr. Zwemer's quotations and understanding the dynamic nahe gives the particulars which illustrations, with which the ture of change. Each step was show the supremacy, uniqueness book abounds, reveal a very considered as final-and no proand finality of Christ and Chris- wide reading, an excellent mem- vision allowed for later modifitianity; second he communicates ory, and a great gift of painting cation of circumstances. Yet to the reader something of the "apples of gold in pictures of Divine fire which has consumed each treaty was but a comprohim in Arabia and at Princeton. silver." Any man or woman who mise and soon after signing of Let the reader think of the pas- reads this book will have his or sage on page 50: "May we never her heart warmed and stirred such treaties, conditions had and inspired and called to deeper love for Christ and to greater changed, making the conditions courage in His service. unbearable to one of the many ROCKWELL S. BRANK.

Any of the books noted in these columns will be sent by the REVIEW publishers on receipt of price.

[62 ]

OUR MISSIONARY BOOKSHELF

parties concerned. Any effort to Browbeaten by war and illegalities guide-book in the unspeakably from 1774 to 1920, Turkey rested its important work of winning peoaccomplIsh modIfications, trod last stand for national existence on ple to Christ and definite salva- military force-and won. With inde- tion. Packed with Bible referon the privileges of some other power. 'l'hus the only possibility pendence guaranteed by its own abil- of affecting change was by de- ity to protect itself by force, it has ences, discussion of casest and nuncIatIOn of a past agreement helpful directions in this work, and military accion. The history accepted existing peaceful instrumen- it is not dry rea din g, but breathes the holy passion of the of the Ottoman Empire is thus talities for the settlement of sub- sidiary questions. . . . It is interest- ing' that Turkey has been one of the one of continuous "illegality" leaders in accepting the instrumentali- Lord Himself, and communi- ties (of the League) and of the spirit and war. The main method used of that part of Article 19 of the Cov- cates the passion to readers who to break up the Ottoman Em- enant regarding the reconsideration already have a clear faith, and pire, was to fan the flames of a willing heart. Its chapters of treaties, the extension of which is national aspirations in the mi- prerequisite to the avoidance of war tell of "A Concern for Souls," and the development of pe,aceful innority races, encouraging revolt, ternational change. "The Fitness of the Worker," assisting by loaning arms or "The Place of Prayer," "Oppor- forces and making timely in- This book, though brief, omits tunity and Approach," and how vasions from outside, application no important material. It is to deal with various classes. The of diplomatic pressure to assure very skimpy on economic factors author's aim is to give in small recognition of new independent producing change; but is a compass the best instruction groups-till portion by portion political study, well documented, possible out of his own experi- the periphery of Empire (Egypt interesti.ngly written, and adds ence and that of other soul-win- in 1806; Greece by 1829-30; a valuable contributinn to the ners the world over. We agree Roumania in 1856; Cypres and literature seeking ways of peace- with the Foreword, by William Tunisia in 1877, etc.) had been ful change – the author's selec- P. Nicholson, that there never broken off, so that by 1914 only tion of the Ottoman Empire is was a time when such a book central A nat 0 I i a, Iraq and excellent and his treatment is was more needed than today, Arabia remained to the parent careful, just and timely. It is a because many believers have State. These were generously sad "case record" of nineteenth never won anyone to Christ, and disposed of in war promises. century imperialism, with hope are missing the heavenly joy of The Arabs were encouraged to for a better way, in which Tur- it and the reward. It would be revolt, and while France and key leads. EDWIN M. WRIGHT. well for the churches if thou- Great Britain retained important The New Walk. By Captain Reginald sands would read a book like Wallis. 78 pp. 40 cents. Amerportions for themselves, the re- ican Bible Conference Assn. Phil- this and have their heart enmainder was promised to Greece adelphia, Pa. 1937. flamed with a new desire and and Italy as the price of entry purpose really to do the will of on the Allied side. There was Like its predecessors – The Jesus Christ. FRANK LUKENS. but one miscalculation-that the New Boy, The New Girl, The "sick man" might revive and New Life, and other small vol- Notes on a Drum. Travel Sketches spoil the sale. This miracle took umes in the helpful series of in Guatemala. By Joseph H. Jackplace and under Kemal Ataturk, books by the well-known British son. Illus. 8vo. 276 pp. $3.00. the corpse jumped off the oper- evangelist-this is characterized The Macmillan Co. New York. ating table and drove out the dis- by clarity of presentation and 1937. secting doctors. an abundant use of Scripture texts. It is more than just a As the subtitle informs us, Nationalism, the disease which treatise, sprinkled with Bible these notes are not "from a references. There are helpful drum" but travel sketches writhad caused the amputation of illustrations, which add to the ten largely on a Guatemala Turkey's provinces, became the usable quality of the book. It drumhead used for a table. Mr. elixir which revivified her body should do much to clarify the re- Edwards is the author of "The in 1919 and produced her regen- sponsibility and privileges of Mexican Interlude" and is cheereration. The rebirth was more effective testimony for recent ful, chatty and an observing than political or military. It converts, as well as for more traveler. was social as well, reaching into mature believers who have not the religion, economy and life of fully realized the practical im- Guatemala is an interesting every Turk. There is a fine con- plications of the Christian faith. country, the most important of clusion: (page 260) the five Central American re- F. E. G. publics. The people and govern- Within fifteen years, it (Turkey) ment show all the characteristics has cut itself off from its past in al- The Divine Art of Soul-Winning. of Latin Americans; mixed with most every conceivable manner. . . . By J. O. Sanders. 96 pp. Is. Indians, temperamental, excit- Interestingly enough, he seems to have Pickering and Inglis, Glasgow. able, ambitious for independundergone a spiritual revivication 1937. ence and right to rule, but lackwhich is responsible for his physical ing in many elements that make recuperation. This new combination The author is superintendent for stable and wise government. of a vital spirit in a smaller, it is true, but much more homogeneous and ro- bust body has been able to throw off of the New Zealand Bible Train- Mr. and Mrs. Jackson went as the restraints of centuries and for- tourists to see the country and mally enabled Turkey to enter as an ing Institute and editor of The the people, apparently without equal into the family of nations…. Reaper. This is an inspiring

any prejudices and with only a his tragic death for its publica- befallen any other of the group purpose to tell what they saw. tion. Intimate personal ac- on the University campus, but The author tells of the climate, there can be no doubt that C. T. the picturesque scenery, the life quaintance with "Jack" Williams Wang was right in his letters of the people – high and low, gave Mr. Wheeler both a sympa- and his inscribed memorial, in rich and poor, Spanish, ladino declaring that "it was the demise and Indians, urban and rural. thetic understanding of his per- of the beloved vice-president The reports of life in Guatemala sonality and devotion and also which shocked the Chinese au- City, Chichicastenango, Quezal- access to correspondence which thorities into purging the coun- tenango and other cities and vividly reveals the man, his try of the Red Terror and effect- towns give a few graphic ing the union of the distracted glimpses but are very incom- times, his labors and his impress provinces of China." His death plete. There are notes on his- upon the new generation in "revealed the guilt of sin and the tory and architecture, markets beauty of love," and this biog- and slums, parks and flowers, China. raphy should bring to all readers volcanoes and lakes, politics and both these lessons and also the officials, hotels and tourists, Ro- John E. Williams, of sturdy infinite value, for time and eter- man Cat hoI i c priests and Welsh parentage, was born at nity, of every strong life devoted churches, festivals, customs and Coshocton, Ohio, June 11, 18'H. to making Christ known to a costumes, Indian idols and Cath- great race like the Chinese. olic images, superstition and Six years' labor with his father tradition; but there is nothing in the coal mines delayed his C. H. FENN. about the important evangelical schooling, but he took the course Christian work with its schools, at Marietta College and was The Man Who Moved Multitudes. churches and hospitals – all of By R. D. Johnston. 12mo. 138 pp. which are worth noting. The graduated from Auburn Theo- Ish. Pickering & Inglis. Glasgow. only references to Protestant logical Seminary in 1899. With 1937. work are unfavorable gossip. With all it is a readable, though his bride he landed in China on This brief biography of the very scrappy, travel book. the eve of "Boxer Year," and late D. L. Moody is scarcely more was assigned to Nanking. He than a sketch, with tributes to Miracles in a Doctor's Life. By the man from some prominent Walter Lewis Wilson. 121 pp. acquired much of his fluency in people. It is very sympathetic Paper, 20 cents. Bible Institute Chinese by constant mingling with the evangelist's spirit and Colportage Assn. Chicago. 1935. with the people. Charge of a purpose and is interesting to those who are not already fa- Here is a spiritual tonic for small boys' school impressed him miliar with the facts. On ac- any Christian doctor. Many count of its brevity there is work conscientiously and effec- with the call for union of such practically nothing in this rec- tively but they view their work schools, and from this grew the ord except about Mr. Moody''! as though the body were of chief evangelistic work. There is importance and as if man were Union University, of which he practically nothing about his only a higher order of animal. was for twenty years the strenu- home and family, the schools he Dr. Wilson looks upon man as ously promoting vice-president. founded, his work in the army an immortal soul with a body- In 1906-07, eight months were and Y. M. C. A. or the great both of which need to be kept Northfield Conferences. There strong and healthy, but the spir- spent with the many Chinese is no literary merit to the story ituallife being of supreme value. students in Tokyo, and there be- and it is exceedingly "spotty." He tells many soul-stirring ex- gan a strong friendship with One mistake is in saying that periences in dealing with souls Mr. Moody married the "daugh- and bodies and shows the joy C. T. Wang, a leader in the Rev- ter" of Fleming H. Revell. She and gratitude that follows when olution of 1911-12. Half of his was his sister. There are also a patient finds new life in Christ, remaining years, to his death in one or two mistakes in the spell- even if the body must return to 1927, were spent in securing ing of proper names. Neverthe- the earth from which it came. less, young people will find it Read the book and send it to your personal interest and financial easy and stimulating reading. doctor friends. support in America for the Uni- versity. N~w Books John E. Williams of Nanking. By W. Reginald Wheeler. Fleming H. From the beginning he was Accidents Will Happen. W. M. Revell Co. 222 pp. $2.00. 1937. Pearce. Is. 3d. Pickering & Inglis. an ardent advocate of an in- Glasgow. Though "better late than creasing measure of Chinese re- never," it is a pity that this me- sponsibility and authority in the The Approaching Advent of Christ. morial of a strong and success- University. His relations with Alexander Reese. 328 pp. $2.40. ful China missionary had to Marshall, M'organ & Scott. London. . await the tenth anniversary of Chinese teachers and students showed no sense of racial or cul- Congo-Past and Present. Alfred R. tural superiority, but always the Stonelake. 202 pp. 3s. 6d. World heartiest cooperative fellowship. He accepted China's problems as his own and declared his convic- tion that Christianity may yet "find a fuller and better expres- sion in the Chinese Church than it has found in any other land." The Anti-Christian Movement of 1922-25 and the anti-foreign agi- tation of 1924-27 did not shake his optimism. His death at the hands of an ignorant Red soldier, on March 24, 1927, might have

Press. New York and T E

London. L H It Is Hard to- Be a Christian. S. M. Zwemer. $1.40. 158 pp. Zonder- E A van. Grand Rapids, Mich. P The Process of Change in the Otto- U o man Empire. Wilbur W. White. 314 pp. $3.50. University of Chi- p 5 cago Press. Chicago. P E Quiet Hour Series – January, Feb- ruary and March, 1938. 95 pp. 35 E N cents. Zondervan Pub. Co. Grand Rapids, Mich. R T The Story of Topsy. Mildred Cable o and Francesca French. $1.50. 212 pp. China Inland Mission, R A' Philadelphia. L o T The Work of the Lord. Walton H. o Greever. $1.25. 142 pp. Revell. New York. M o Windows. Amy Carmichael. Illus. BALA.KHANA 246 pp.S. P. C. K. London. Desiqn~ed as the Daily Devotional Guide for 8,000,000 India Recalled. Cornelia Sorabji. MethodISts During the Aldersgate Commemoration-January 287 pp. 128. 6d. Nisbet, London. 1 to May 24 India Rev e a 1s Herself. Basil Mathews. 192 pp. 58. Oxford Uni- Approved as a Daily Devotional Gllide by the United Church versity Press, London. of Canada Flood-Tide in India. W. J. Noble. Used and A~proved by 20,000 Congregations Among Baptist, 92 pp. 18. Cargate Press, London. Presbytenans, Methodist, Congregationalist, Disciples, Behind the Garden of Allah. Ried F. Lutheran Shields. 196 pp. 75 cents. United Presbyterian Board of Foreign With This Quarter a Spanish Edition, El Aposento Alto, for Missions, Philadelphia, Pa. Spanish-Speaking People in America and Throughout the Across Africa in a Lorry. W. B. Red- World mayne. 128 pp. 38. 6d. Marshall, Morgan & Scott, London. Bala-Khana, our Hindustani Edition, Now Available in India Then and Now in Kenya Colony. One Million Copies of the January, February, March issue available Willis R. Hotchkiss. 160 pp. $1.50. for ~istribution. Pas!ors and .&'roup .leaders may use our liberal Fleming H. Revell, New York. consignment plan. SlDgle copies, 10 cents, postpaid. Individual yearly subscription, 30 cents, postpaid. Use one of the order Zulu Journey. Carel Kirkby. 299 pp. forms below. ,. 128. 6d. Muller, London. ————————- CONSIGNMBNT ORDBR INDIVIDUAL SUBSCRIPTION. The Jew in Revolt. William Zuker- man. 255 pp. 68. Seeker & War- Illue for January, February, Merah THB U••BR ROOM. burg, London. (For u.. of Paltor or Group, L."er. Doc,tor.' Bilildin£ N..hvi1lo. TODD. ANew Church Faces aNew Wodd. Order ten or more oople••) Jesse H. Arnup. 259 pp. $1.00. United Church of Canada, Toronto. THB U••BR ROOM, Gendemen: Doctors' Buildinll, I om inolo.iiI, herewith thirty centl (lor- From Buddha to the Christ. Taisei Nashville, Tonn. Michihata. v 239 pp. 38. 6d. Gendemon: .i…. forty oent.) for which pl••e lend me Church Publishing Society, S. P. T,,_ U##M' R••• for on. ,ear, poltpoid, C. K., London. 01 PTlehaeR.UR#e#nedr mReo'o… po.tpaid. I …moo.pe1i.1. be.~…-.-….-….."..:.tUh_I….-_ _–'-_ _ _ __ Church and State in the Modern theRe lor five cent. per oop, and pay for World. Various authors. 231 pp. —'—-:–….;…_ _.qquart…I' illne. $2.00. Harpers, New York. at Rame when 00101. It is understood that I N–.

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LIFE OF GEORGE BOWEN, OF

By ROBERT E. SPEER This is the biography of a very remarkable Christian missionary to India and for twenty years the influential and able editor of the Bombay Guardian. Dr. J. Sumner Stone called him, "The Wh'ite Yogi."

When George Bowen died in 1888 there was call for a worthy biography but its preparation was delayed. Later all the biographical material-including his diaries, letters, reminiscences, and the books and pamphlets of which he was author-was turned over to Dr. Speer. This material has now been put into shape for publication and the result is a frank and stimulating picture of the man,-his experiences, unique character, forceful views and methods of work. Here is a life story that is of absorbing interest and . will richly reward the thoughtful reader. The book will be ready early in February.

CONTENTS I. Family of George Bowen. XI. A Decisive Year, 1849. II. Boyhood and Youth. From 18;0 to 1855. III. Three Years Abroad. xu. Ten Years of Independent Work. IV. Life in New York, 1840-1844. The Bombay Guardian. V. Illumination of a Hopeless Love. XIII. Relations with the American Board. VI. Conversion to Christianity. XIV. Association with the Methodist Church. VII. At Union Theological Seminary. Bowen as a Writer. VIII. His Missionary Appointment. XV. Correspondence with Henry W. Rankin. IX. The Voyage to India, 1847. XVI. Closing Testimony. X. Beginning Missionary Work. XVII. XVIII. XIX.

This latest work by Dr. Speer may be ordered at $2.50 per copy from THE MISSIONARY REVIEW PUBLISHING COMPANY 186 Fifth Avenue, New York 11f1! MISSIONARY ~RID This illustrated evangelical missionary monthly will keep readers in touch with the need of men for Christ and His Gospel and relates graphically the story of the progress of missionary work in all lands.

. $2.50 a year; 25 cents a copy Among the coming articles are the following: How CAN WE IMPROVE MISSIONARY ADMINISTRATION? . . . . . . . . . . . . William Paton THE OUTLOOK FOR CHRISTIANITY TO-DAY …………………… Julius Richter ENCOURAGEMENTS IN THE EVANGELIZATION OF MOSLEMS ……… " .George Swan How MAKE EFFECTIVE MISSIONARY ApPEALS? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cleland B. McAfee Is THE DAY OF PIONEERING OVER? . . . . . . . . . . . . : . . . . . . . . . . . . . Kenneth G. Grubb SHOULD THE MISSIONS WITHDRAW FROM INSTITUTIONS? …….. , .G. Baez Camargo TRANSFORMATIONS IN WEST AFRICA ………………………. G. C. Beanland THE DYNAMIC OF PHILIPPINE PROGRESS ……………….. Enrique C. Sobrepena THE YOUNGER CH~CHES AND THE MISSIONARY ……………. J. Lovell Murray TWO NEW TWELVE-MONTH SUBSCRIPTIONS WILL BE SENT FOR $4.00 .. _———————————————– MISSIONARY REVIEW PUBLISHING CO., Third and Reily Sts., Harrisburg, Pa.

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The Missionary Review of the World — October 1937

1937

Mohammedan World Number The Moslem World Today Dwight M. Donaldson Some Trends in the Moslem World Edward M. Dodd Influence of Moslem Superstitions Davida M. Finney Why Preach Christ to Moslems? Samuel M. Zwemer The Christian Approach to Moslems W. Wilson Cash Moslem Reactions to the Gospel James Haldane Educating Moslems for Christ John Van Ess A Christian Doctor Among Moslems Paul W. Harrison The Power of the Printed Page Mabel H. Erdman My Experience with Moslems Frank C. Laubach Moslem Views of "Those Nazarenes" J. Lowrie Anderson Christian and Moslem Homes Eleanor T. Calverley How to Interest Christians in Moslems Estella S. Aitchison Best Books on Moslems and Missions Samuel M. Zwemet'

25 Cents a Copy $2.50 a Year

to Remember WORLD DOMINION SURVEY

September 27 – October 1 – Dallas, SURVEYING THE WORLD Texas. Pres., Mrs. E. R. Alderson, 561 Goodwin St., Dallas, Texas. Here is a series of real missionary sur- veys, scientific and evangelical, written with September 27 – October 1 – Houston, a grasp and definiteness of fact, a perspec- Texas. Dean, Mrs. A. B. Haynes, tive of view and a passion which makes 618 Highland Ave., Houston, Texas. them comparable to a military reconnais- sance. One after another the great fields October 2-6 – Triennial Convention. of missionary endeavof afe being covered Women's Missionary Society of the with topogf~phical accuracy from a stand- United Lutheran Church. Buffalo. point vitally evangelical and entirely non- denominational. The books come from the October 3-Presbyterian World Com- munion Sunday. press bound like government monographs, in big type and made vivid by splendid maps.

October 5-6 – Southern Mountain Catalogue on Application Mention The Missionary Ret'iew Child Service Conference; under auspices of Save the Children Fund WORLD DOMINION OFFICES of America, Inc. Hotel McAlpin, New York. 156 FIFTH AVENUE NEW YORK CITY October 5-6 – Warren, Ohio. Mrs. The Rev. George S. McCune, D.D., ceived an honorary doctorate degree George Konold, 314 Scott St., N. E., LL.D., for about 30 years a Presby- from Yale in June. At a meeting of Warren, Ohio. terian missionary in Korea and presi- the Associated Boards for Christian dent of the Union Christian College Colleges in China, he made a clear October 6-12-Annual Meeting, Wom- of Pyengyang has joined the admin- statement of his Christian faith, and an's Home Missionary Society, istrative staff of the Moody Bible In- of the part that that faith had in the Methodist Episcopal Church, Se- stitute of Chicago, and will also teach release of the Generalissimo last attle, Wash. and assist in the evangelistic pro- Christmas. gram. Dr. McCune was also for a October 14-15 — Interracial Confer- time president of Huron College, '" * .. ences. Asbury Park, N. J. South Dakota, and brings real talents, Dr. Raymond C. Walker, pastor of October 21- Baltimore, Md. Mrs. experience and spiritual strength to the Market Square Presbyterian David D. Baker, 410 N. Calhoun the service of the Institute. Church of Harrisburg, Pa., was win- St., Baltimore, Md. ner of the $150 prize offered by the * … '" Presbyterian Board of Foreign Mis- October 24-31-Presbyterian Centen- sions for the best missionary sermon nial Week. Mr. Dugald Campbell, agent of the preached in connection with the cele- bration of the Board's centennial. November 7-11-International Good- National Bible Society of Scotland, is Dr. Walker's subject was: "These Are Will Congress. Boston. retiring as agent for Northern Africa the Great Days of God." Other prizes since he can no longer undertake the went to Dr. George E. Sweazey, of Your Missionary Activities long pioneer journeys on the fringes Danville, Ky., Dr. George Johnson of of the Sahara Desert, and other parts Lincoln University, and Dr. Paul F. Should begin at home. Get a of Africa, as he has done for many supply of our years. He hopes to spend the re- .. . Barackman, of Brookly.n.. . New York. mainder of his days in Johannesburg, GOSPEL TRACTS James Hardy Dillard, eighty-year- .. South Africa. old president of the Jeanes Fund for Sound, attractive, convincing the Improvement of Negro Education, '" '" has received the Theodore Roosevelt Sample package, 250. medal for 1937. This medal is given Mr. Arthur T. Upson, formerly of annually for human achievement or FAITH, PRAYER and TRACT LEAGUE the Nile Mission Press, has returned the development of American char- to Palestine from England. He will acter. Dr. Dillard receives the award Dept.R.W. Muskegon Heights, Mich. be at Mt. Carmel until December 10, "in recognition of sixty years of wise and subsequently at Fairhaven, Alex- and devoted work in behalf of the Personal Items andria, Egypt. He plans to do mis- American Negro, and the creation of sionary work and to give Bible read- a better understanding between the Dr. Iran Lee Holt, minister of St. ings in various places to help weaker white race and the black."

John's Methodist Episcopal Church, Christians. … '" … ~Obituary Note'S South, St. Louis, Mo., and a former General Evangeline Booth left Rev. William Milne, a Presbyterian London on September 22 for a tour missionary stationed on the Island of president of the Federal Council of of the United States and Canada. Nguna, New Hebrides, was killed by Churches, has been appointed chair- After conducting the Salvation a native April 27. Army's annual Congress in Atlanta, man of the Federal Council's new New York, and Chicago, she will go The native was the son of the chief to Winnipeg, returning to New York of the village near the mission sta- Commission for the Study of Chris- tion, and he had seemed demented. by way of Montreal. He attacked several natives who ran tian Unity. The commission is to be- to the mission station, where Mr. and * * '" Mrs. Nottage, missionaries from angin its work when sufficient financial other island, were present on a visit. Dr. H. H. Kung, the Minister of support for it has been secured. Finance in the National Government The madman rushed at the mission- of China, and vice-president of the aries with an axe and struck Mr. Dr. and Mrs. '"Ern'"est'" Lyons, veteran Executive Yuan (vice-premier in the Milne with the axe. Government), has recently visited Methodist missionaries to the Philip- America. He is an earnest Christian Then the village chief commanded and stands next to the Premier, one of his men to shoot his son. pines, have retired from active serv- Generalissimo Chiang Kaj-shek, in responsibilities and authority in the Rev. William Veitch Milne had ice. They went to Manila in 1903 Government. Dr. Kung is a 75th de- served as a missionary in the New from Singapore, and have seen in scendent of Confucius, but in his life Hebrides for over 20 years. His fa- and work he has repeatedly testified their thirty-four years of residence to his faith in Christ and has taken (Continued on pag6 449.) his stand for Christian principles. in the Philippines a most phenomenal Dr. Kung, as a representative of his growth of the evangelical Christian Government, attended the Coronation ceremonies of King George and ramovement. In 1913 Dr. Lyons took the bar examination, thereby saving the church thousands of pesos for legal expenses, as well as enabling him to serve as advisor in critical sit- .. .. . uations.

Dr. Charles Stelzle has been ap- pointed executive director of the "Good Neighbor League" in place of Dr. Stanley High, resigned.

MISSIONARY PARENTS

REVIEW OF THE WORLD In the Foreign Mission Field Fast Days Endorse Calvert School DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Editor Home Study Courses TO TBE VOL. LX OCTOBER, 1937 No. 10 For Children ORIENT Publication and Business Office– Calvert School, through its Home Instruc- Third and Reily Sts., Harrisburg, Pa. tion Department, will give your child a superior elementary education ••. by mail, Editorial and Executive Office– regardless of where you may live. Mod- 156 Fifth Avenue, New York City. ern, approved courses from this famous Entered as second-class matter at school are being used by parents all over the world with outstanding success. Post Office, Harrisburg, Pa., under Act of March 3, 1879. Give your children the advantages of these interesting lessons, carefully chosen books, 25 cents a copy-$2.50 a year. and attractive materials. Instruction is Foreign Postage, 50 cents a year. under the personal guidance of teachers in Published monthly, except August. Calvert's prominent and successful private All rights reserved. Copyrighted 1937. British agents – Marshall, Morgan , day school in Baltimore. and Scott, 12 Paternoster Buildings, London, E. C. 1 shilling per copy, Write today for booklet of complete in- 10 shillings a year. formation. Costs are low.

MISSIONARY REVIEW PUB- CALVERT SCHOOL LISHING CO., INC. 180 E. Tuscany Road BOARD OF DIRECTORS Baltimore ol> Maryland ROBERT E. SPEER, President Obituary Notes Empress of Japan-holder of A. L. WARNSHUIS, Vice-President the Pacific Blue Ribbon WALTER MCDOUGALL, Treasurer (Continued from 2nd Cover.) DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Secretary • ther, Rev. Peter Milne, was one of SAMUEL MCCREA CAVERT the pioneer missionaries in the New Go direct fromVancouverand Victoria in 10 days by Em- WILLIAM I. CHAMBERLAIN Hebrides. press of Asia or Empress of D. J. FANT Russia. Only 3 more days via MRS. ORRIN R. JUDD *** Hawaii by Empress of Japan WM. B. LIPPHARD (fastest ship on the Pacific) Dr. Claire H. Denman, who served or Empress of Canada. Con- ERIC M. NORTH as medical missionary in Siam for nect at Honolulu from Cali- SAMUEL M. ZWEMER twelve years, died recently in Berk- fornia ports. Low round-trip eley, California. He was first located fares include passage from Editorial Chat at Chiengmai and later established and and to Seattle. built the first hospital in Chiengmai. This number of THE REVIEW is de- He was also editor of The Laos News, ~fi+ voted to the study of the Moslems of which later became The Siwm Outlook. For rates and sailings, see the world-their distribution, char- Being an ordained minister as well acteristics, influence and the extent as doctor, he made numerous tours YOUR TRAVEL AGENT or Cana- and results of Christian work among into the interior with both foreign Mohammedans. It is an interesting dian PSaacnifiFc:raNnceiwscYo,o3r8k~tChheir- subject and will be studied by thou- and Siamese evangelists. cago, sands of Christians in America this year. The articles we present are by *** cities in U. S. and Canada. experts-men and women who have spent years of service in Moslem The Rev. Dr. Frank Rawlinson, lands. Other equally fine articles, Editor of the Chinese Recorder, was crowded out of this issue, will appear accidentally killed by the explosion of in November. Look for them. a bomb in Shanghai on August 14. He was at the time with his wife and Moslem Women and Children- daughter but they were uninjured. Mrs. Herrick Young. Dr. Rawlinson went to China under the auspices of the American Baptist Encouragements in the Work- Foreign Mission Society in 1902 and Geo. Swan. later became associated with the American Board (Congregational). Testimonies of Converts from He showed great ability in his edi- Islam. torial work and in his understanding of the Chinese. His death is a real Sermon by a Former Moslem- loss to the cause of Christ in China Sa'eed Kurdistani. and one of the tragedies of the con- flict between the Japanese and The Story of Sa'eed Kurdistani- Chinese. Christie Wilson. Ambrose Sw*ase*y, *prominent Bap- New and Old in Moslem Lands- A. T. Upson. tist and trustee of many educational and missionary enterprises, died in *** Cleveland, Ohio, recently, at the age of ninety. He was one of the world's The following shows the esteem in leading scientists, having constructed which THE REVIEW is held by readers the giant telescopes for the Lick Ob- who use it for their own personal in- servatory, the United States Observ- formation and in church work. atory at Washington and the Yerkes Observatory at the University of Chi- *** cago. He was also a generous sup- porter of interdenominational mission- "I think the Rural Number of THE ary work. REVIEW is a very fine contribution to ,the cause. I am receiving a great (Concluded on 3rd Cover.) deal of help and enjoyment as I read the various articles."-Dr. Ellsworth [449 ] M. Smith, Field Representative, American Baptist Hom.e Mission So- ciety.

*** "THE REVIEW means much to me in my work with the women of our church."-Emma H. Mills, Santa Cruz, California. MOSLEM WORLD R op SOUTH INDIAN ATLANTIC OCEAN OCEAN H· REVIB ORLD VOLUME LX AN INTERDENOMINATIONAL REVIEW OF WORLD-WIDE CHRISTIAN PROGRESS NUMBER 10 OCTOBER, 1937 Topics of the Times WHY THIS INTEREST IN MOSLEMS? many other points in common with the Christian Few people on earth are as difficult to lead to faith. This too is a challenge. There is a foun- Christ as are the Moslems, and yet this year thou- dation on which to build. sands of Christians in America and England will 3. They are people of strong character. They be reading and studying about the countries take their religion and its obligations seriously. where the followers of Mohammed are most nu-. They are willing to fight for their convictions, to merous, and about the work that is being done make sacrifices and even to die for their faith. to win them to Christ. Multitudes of earnest They are not easily led to abandon their beliefs prayers will be offered for their conversion and large sums will be given to support missions or obligations as they conceive them and are diliamong them. Why? gent in teaching their children to follow their Prophet. Apostasy is considered an unpardonable It is not because of any personal gain to mis- sin and in Moslem law it is a crime punishable sionaries, or any desire for political, economic or with death. These facts constitute a challenge to ecclesiastical advantage. It is not because the Christians; they may be transmuted into Chriswork is producing large results or because the tian graces when touched by the Holy Spirit.

Church of Christ is moved by a spirit of imperial- 4. Moslems exert a great influence on the world ism for world conquest. There are at least seven reasons why every true follower of Christ should for good or for evil. They constitute a real probtake a deep and practical interest in Moslems and Christian work in their behalf to the extent of lem in Egypt and Turkey, in Iran and Syria, in earnest prayer and sacrifice. Arabia and India. In lands where they are in 1. The number of Moslems in the world and their wide distribution are challenging. At least power they offer great obstacles to progress of one in every ten of the population of the earth is a Moslem. There are between 200 and 250 mil- Christianity and to the promotion of peace and lion of these people scattered over the globe. Nort~ Africa, Egypt, the Sudan, Turkey, Syria, good will among all classes. They believe in a ArabIa, Iran, Iraq, Afghanistan, Beluchistan, Java and Sumatra are almost solidly Mohamme- totalitarian Moslem state and in government condan. Millions more live in Central Africa, India, Central Asia, China, the Philippines, South trol by force of arms. Their influence might be Africa, Russia and Bulgaria. Many are found in other parts of Europe and in North and South turned to the advancement of the cause of Christ America. These multitudes cannot be ignored. and for the principles for which He stands. 2. They are people with positive and strong faith in God, as the one eternal, omnipotent 5. More potent than any of these reasons is the Creator and Ruler of the universe. They believe fact that Christ died for Moslems; He died that He might give tliem the life of God. They are sinners and know it, though they have wrong ideas of sin and its expiation. MthoereGoovse~reloutor Lord's command to "Go, preach every creature" certainly includes the Moham- medans today, even though there were none in existence when He first gave the command. There is no other way for Moslems to be saved than by Christ and the acceptance of His gift of Life.

in Christ as a unique prophet and in the authority 6. Another great reason is the obligation that of the Old and New Testaments. They believe in Christians have to Moslems because the contact prayer, in almsgiving, in immortality, and have of Arabians with 'a weak and distorted form of [451 ] Christianity was what led Mohammed to estab- and evidently thinks herself able to defy the publish his new form of religion. If Mohammed had lic opinion of the world. Her military party is been truly and intelligently converted to Christ ambitious to carry out its program, without in his youth what a difference that would have much regard for justice. It is reported on good made to the world ! We owe Moslems a debt, both authority that ninety per cent of the Japanese for the temporal things we have received from are opposed to the invasion of China, but the peothem and for spiritual truth we have failed to ple are kept in ignorance of the real situation share with them. by very strict censorship of the war news. J a- panese Christians, and others with more enlight- 7. A final reason for the support of Christian ened and pacific ideals, are greatly disturbed over work among Moslems is the encouraging results the aggressive policies of the military party that that have come in the conversion of Moslems to now rules Japan. These policies destroy the bene- Christ. Some outstanding trophies have been won ficial effects of the friendly advances made by in Syria and Egypt, in Iran and India. Every such Japanese Christian leaders as Dr. Toyohiko Moslem is supposed to be a missionary and, when Kagawa and Miss Michi Kawai. Apparently Jawon to Christ, should have the same zeal to ex- panese military leaders feared that China was tend their faith, in spite of persecution. What a growing in strength and was becoming united wonderful example is Dr. Sa'eed Kurdistani, the under the able Christian leadership of General- Kurdish Moslem who has become a great Chris- issimo Chiang Kai-shek and so determined to tian physician in Iran. Others are Kamil of strike while there was more likelihood of being Arabia and Michael Mansur of Egypt. There are able to achieve their purpose. multitudes more whose lights shine in narrower circles-but they are known to God. In Sumatra The modern war machine of Japan is much and other parts of the Dutch East Indies there more perfect and complete than that of China. are fifty thousand Christians who formerly were Airplanes· make it possible to carry destruction Moslems. They have their own schools and large far inland, and there seems little effort on the self-supporting churches. The influence of Christ part of the. Japanese to limit destruction to is permeating Iran, the Philippines, Africa, India, enemy fortifications and military forces. Already and many other lands to break down prejudice many thousands of noncombatants have been and build up an intelligent faith in Jesus Christ killed and wounded and peaceful villages have as the true revelation of God and the only Saviour been destroyed by ruthless Japanese airplane atfrom sin and its consequences. tacks. Foreigners and foreign enterprises have also suffered. In the north Japanese forces have Truly we as Christians have reason to preach occupied Peiping and Tientsin and are pushing the Gospel of Christ to Moslems, to carryon the their campaign north to the Great Wall and south work sacrificially and to expect that God will to the Yellow River. Without any declaration of honor our fulfilment of His will, by bringing Mo- war, Shanghai has been attacked with warships, hammedans into the fold of Christ. airplanes and cannon. Even the International Settlement has suffered and many educational THE TRAGEDY IN CHINA and missionary institutions have been bombed. The Chinese troops have offered brave and deter- Apparently the Japanese have determined to mined resistance in spite of their inferior equipgain control of China or of the northern prov- ment. They have now retired to their second line inces. Impartial observers who have followed the of defense on the west of Shanghai. events that led up to the present conflict can see no justification for Japan's invasion of China. What will be the outcome of this invasion of The excuse offered is the Japanese desire for eco- China, no one can foresee. China is too great a nomic development, their determination to sup- nation and too large a territory to be conquered press anti-Japanese feeling, and. a desire to com- in a short time. The Japanese attacks have bat the communistic influence of Russia. They united Chinese as never before, even communists have taken a strange method for accomplishing offering their service to the Nanking Government. these purposes. The first end might have been China is fighting for her life and for the pringained by friendly agreement and cooperation; ciples set forth by Dr. Sun Yat Sen, the father the second aim is thwarted and made more im- of the Chinese Republic. possible by each new invasion of China's territory and by utter disregard of China's sovereign The warfare is naturally affecting the missionrights. The third aim-to destroy communistic ary work in China. Reports come that the people influence in China-can scarcely be achieved by in war areas are filled with fear and that there methods that stir up the spirit of communism and are signs of religious revival in many places. seem to give reason for its promotion. Christians meet to worship, in spite of danger, and pray earnestly for the guidance and strength- Japan feels conscious of her military strength

TOPICS OF THE TIMES

ening of their rulers. The Protestant community meantime we can all work for greater unity numbers over one million and Roman Catholics re- through the guidance of the Spirit and through port 2,702,000 on their church rolls. Foreigners loving cooperation in the work He has given His in China number about 10,000, of whom over one- Church to carry forward. There is no room for half are Protestant missionaries. Many of these jealousy, for a desire to rule or for personal am- have left China on furlough; women and chil- bition, rivalry, suspicion and selfishness in such dren have been taken with other refugees to the unity. Philippines; missionaries on furlough are being kept home and others are being advised to leave Mr. Erling C. Olson, a New York business man, the danger zones. Probably by November first recently broadcasted over a network of stations the number of missionaries on the field will be re- some very helpful meditations on "Christian duced to 2,500, but most of these will elect to Unity," based on the one hundred and thirtystand by their flocks and to suffer and die with them if necessary. The missionary work most third Psalm. He said in part: * affected is in the area of Peiping, Tientsin, Shangh:;d and Nanking, although Japanese bombing The New Testament principle of fellowship and complanes have carried their attacks as far as Han- munion was beautifully expressed by our Lord, when He kow in the west and Canton in the south. said, "Where two or three are gathered together in my name, there am I in the midst of them." One would nat- The Christians in America and England can do urally assume, therefore, that when any body of Christians most by upholding their missionaries and the meets together they would experience this delightful comforces of righteousness by prayer. Much suffer- munion which the Psalmist so wonderfully portrayed, ing of innocent Chinese can be allayed through when he said, "Behold, how good and how pleasant it is missionary and Red Cross ministrations. Gifts for brethren to dwell together in unity!" No one takes to meet present emergencies should be sent exception to this principle. It is good for capital and through the mission boards working in China. labor to dwell together in unity. It is good for any in- dividual to enjoy the fellowship of other members of his THE BASIS FOR CHRISTIAN UNITY group and preserve a spirit of unity. Such being the case, what an indictment it is against the Christian fam- Many movements are on foot for church union ily when there are petty squabbles and when the spirit of -on mission fields, in England and in America. discord and consequent disruption are present, as has been Some of these are to unite denominational fam- evident, particularly in recent years, even among men ilies, as in the Methodist, Baptist, Congregation- and women who actually have been born again by the al, Lutheran, Presbyterian and Reformed bodies. operation of the Spirit of God and the Word of God. I Some unions have already been effected, while am not talking about Christendom as we know it today. others are still being agitated. Other union move- I am not talking about the vast body of Christians and ments, as in Canada, include different denomina- non-Christians gathered together in one great melting pot. tional groups, while still other communions, like I refer to the body of Christ; to those who know that their the Protestant Episcopal Church eagerly advocate sins are forgiven, who know that they have eternal life a united church but can conceive of it only on the through faith in Jesus Christ, who know that they have basis of the acceptance of ecclesiastical ordination passed out of death and into life and therefore know that in harmony with their belief in the "historic epis- the Lord Jesus Christ is their Saviour and have acknowlcopate." edged Him as their Lord.

All true and intelligent followers of Christ ac- It is no wonder that the Church appears so impotent cept unity as the Christian ideal for which our before the world when the members of the Church are at Lord prayed three times in his high-priestly variance with one another. prayer: "That all may be one, as thou Father art in me and I in thee, that they may be one as in There can be no united Church except on a solid foundaus"-they are given eternal life in order that they tion. I do not think it is possible to have unity between may know God and be sanctified, kept, perfected. two groups of people, one of whom believes that Jesus Christ is the Son of God and the other believes that He is The recent conferences at Oxford and Edinburgh a mere man; or to have unity between a group that looks have again emphasized the ideal for unity and upon the death of Jesus Christ on the Cross as a divine union among Christians, but seem to have found transaction, wherein God made 'atonement for sin, and a no new basis in which to realize such union. Hu- group that looks on the Cross and the death of Jesus man individuality, with differences of personal Christ as that of a martyr or a good man who died for a interpretations, tastes and methods of operation, cause. There can be no real fellowship between such must be recognized and respected until we all real- groups-but there can be unity between every member of ize that union with Christ that can find full ex- the body of Christ whose feet rest solidly upon the fact of pression in the harmony of faith, love and service the deity of Christ and upon the death which He died upon only as we realize perfect union in Him. In the the Cross.

In his letter to the Ephesians, Paul says, "I beseech you that ye walk worthy of the vocation wherewith ye are called, with all lowliness and meekness, with longsuifering, forbearing one another in love; endeavoring to' keep the unity of the Spirit in the bond of peace. There is one body, and one Spirit, even as ye are called in one hope of your calling; one Lord, one faith, one baptism, one God and Father of all, who is above all, and through all, and in you all."

In the 16th chapter of his letter to the Romans, the Apostle gives a similar injunction: "Now I beseech you, • Quoted by permission.

brethren, mark them which cause divisions and offences tion. In Java and Sumatra alone, where the contrary to the doctrine which ye have learned; and avoid Dutch Christian influence predominates, there them. For they that are such serve not our Lord Jesus are over 50,000 converts from Islam. Christ, but their own belly . . ." That is a strange expression. Mark those men and avoid them, for they do There is the challenge of Jewry-not a popular not serve the Lord. They serve their own selves in their challenge but one we must face as Christians conlust for preeminence, or their appetite for power. cerned with the spiritual welfare of the youth of the world. The key to the Jewish problem every- Again, our Lord Jesus Christ, the fountain-head of all where is the recognition of Jesus Christ as divine truth, in His great high-priestly prayer, recorded in the Lord and Saviour of all mankind. Fifteen million 17th chapter of John's Gospel, said, "Neither pray I for Jews are without the knowledge of the saving these alone, (that is, the apostles gathered around Him) grace of Jesus Christ, and yet what do we owe but for them also which shall believe on me through their to the Chosen People of God for the preservation word; (that means us) that they all may be one; as of the Old Testament, and the knowledge of Christ thou, Father, art in me, and I in thee, that they also may and His Way of Life. be one in us: that the world 11WIJJ believe that thou hast sent me." What a terrific responsibility rests upon each The challenge embraces many non-Christian member of the body of Christ to observe a spirit of unity, lands such as India and China. There is the mass in order that the world may know that our Lord Jesus movement in India towards 6hristianity; whole Christ is the Son of God and sent by Him to die for us! communities are pressing forward to become Christians. The immediate need there is for When brethren dwell in unity we will determine that, Christian education and the greater development instead of causing divisions, we will endeavor to keep the of indigenous leadership. China is plastic to new unity of the Spirit in the bond of peace. The Holy Spirit impressions and the greatest hope of the Chrisalways makes for unity amongst believers in Christ, for tians of China is their vision of a Chinese in- He dwells in them. digenous movement adapted to meet the religious needs of the people, and effective in arousing in * SOME PRESENT-DAY CHALLENGES Chinese Christians the sense of responsibility for the extension of the Kingdom of God. Weare living in a world which is more or less in a broken state, when even the bravest are apt There is also the challenge of unreached areas to grow despondent. The difficulties and problems in Central Africa, in South America, the Islands are of many kinds-political upheavals and mass of the Pacific and other unevangelized fields. movements are ruthless in their disregard of Christianity; nations are dissatisfied with what Then there is the challenge of Europe today. they have seen of modern civilization, and are In Central and Southeastern Europe Protestantfilled with bitterness and antagonism. But a new ism is fighting for its life. Nationalism and Comproblem is becoming the most serious menace to munism are seeking to capture youth with teach- Christianity, namely, a refined heathenism. Also, ing, much of which is subversive to the ideals of in their very antagonism to Western civilization, Christ and the best interests of humanity. some non-Christian religions are absorbing the principles of the Gospel of Christ. While thus The needs of this weary, war-torn, restless refining their own religion they still stand in ab- world and the great opportunities that confront us solute antagonism to the Christian faith. In the constitute a challenge to every Christian. God is early days of the Christian Church, they, too, more concerned about the needs of the world than found that a purified paganism was more insid- we are; the Christian teaching and training of ious and powerful even than an antagonistic bar- youth is a great burden oli His heart even more barism. than on ours. One of the greatest words in Chris- tian literature is "Immanuel" – God is with us. We believe that these problems are not per- Here we find the motive and the power for Chrismanent, nor even paramount; they are passing tian education. God loved, and when He loved, phases; to followers of the Lord Jesus Christ, He served, and when He served, He sacrificed they constitute, not reasons for fears and misgiv- His best. There is but one service which is the ings, but a challenge. service of the Kingdom of God; one race, and one Cross; one world of men, and one Kingdom; and First, there is the challenge of Islam. Moham- one glorious, peerless, Saviour for the whole medanism is conscious of a solidarity and unity world. which does not exist to such an extent in any other religion. They have their sects and their divi- This world is not going to be won except by sions, but they are conscious of a brotherhood great sacrifice. We must have the spirit which wherever they are. Today the Mohammedan recognizes that only by entire dedication of ourworld is restless, but it is more responsive to the selves and all our resources can we truly serve message of Christ than it has ever been. Per- Christ. As Hudson Taylor once said, "Christ secution and opposition exist, but nothing so must be Lord of all or He is not Lord at all." clearly proves the power of the Gospel as opposi- • From an address at the World's Sunday School Convention, Oslo, by Dr. James Kelly.

Moslem World

-"if By the REV. DWIGHT M. DONALDSON, D.D., Ph.D., Meshed, Iran )Bt– Missionary of the Presbyterian Church, U. S. A., 1915- I T SHOULD never be forgotten that when the maintain this political and military authority, it armies of Islam were victorious in Syria and has come to be a matter of policy for Western in Persia, they took over the authority of the governments to have strict regard for the cultural old Persian Empire. This ancient empire, under and religious preferences of their Mohammedan the Achremenide'S, had been the scene of the far- subjects. Whatever criticisms may be voiced flung adventures of Xenophon and the Ten Thou- against this Western domination, it will not be sand; under the Parthians had held the haughty claimed by intelligent Mohammedan leaders that Romans at bay for more than two centuries; the Christian faith and practice are being forced upon same empire, under the Sassanidre, was forced to them. give place to the conquering Arabs. Afterwards, when this famous empire of the East became Mo- There is now no longer a Caliph in Islam, since hammedan, much of its culture and prestige sur- the Sultan of Turkey was compelled by his own vived to adorn the courts of the new rulers. Noble people to abdicate in order to open the way for the Persian families, some of them Zoroastrian and Turkish Republic. Of the entire Mohammedan some of them Christian, furnished viziers and population of the world, about 240 millions, there treasurers for the Caliphs, and scholars and trans- are nearly one hundred millions who are living lators for the libraries. under the authority and protection of the British crown and forty millions ruled by the Netherlands It is customary to ascribe the failure of the Cru- in the Dutch East Indies. Of the remaining 100 sades to a lack of effective cooperation among the millions, there are about thirty-two millions in the leaders of the Christian nations. No doubt real French colonies and protectorates, sixteen milunity in Christendom during the tenth, eleventh lions under the iron hand of the Soviet Republic, and twelfth centuries would have produced a dif- fifteen millions in China, and some four millions ferent situation. As a matter of fact unity of ac- in the Philippine Islands, in Japanese possessions, tion among the Mohammedans was but sporadic and in Europe. There remain to be accounted for and short-lived; they too had repeated failures only about thirty-three millions, who live in the that were primarily due to dissensions among five self-governing Mohammedan countries, twelve themselves. Time after time a new attack from millions in Turkey, eight millions in Iran (Perthe Christians would serve to bring them together. sia), three millions in Iraq, six millions in Af- In the course of the Crusades, each generation ghanistan, and four millions in Arabia. seemed to feel that the East and the West were, through some necessity, fighting again. On each H. R. H. Amir Saoud, the son of King Abdul side religion was part of the war propaganda. Aziz, remarked recently that "it is not easy for Now that many hundred years have passed, we independent countries to enter into a thorough look back upon those long continued conflicts and federation with countries that are only partially see how they served but one fatal purpose in world independent." When he was asked about his opinhistory. Their one abiding result was to hand ion in regalld to the suggested Middle Eastern bloc down to succeeding generations a heritage of between Turkey, Iraq, Iran and Afghanistan, he hatred, suspicion and fanaticism. In their atti- said that "this would be a welcome development tude towards each other East anq West, for the and would certainly receive our blessing," (Great most part, have shared this heritage. Britain and the East, July 8,1937).* While today there is no longer a great Moham- In any effort to classify and describe the vast medan EmpI·re, as l·n th.e day.s of the Crusades when the actual dominion of the Caliph extended • counAtriceosncmisaey sbtaetefmouenndt oinf tWhe. Def.foSrctsheorfmCerhhroisrtnia'sn rmeciesnsitonbsooikn, t"hTehsee from the Indus to the Atlantic, yet Mohammedan CsthimriSutliaatningMisssuiorvne. yinotfhethJefodwehronleWporrolbdl"em(choafptmeris1si0on);s atondMaohmaoms-t medans is given in Dr. S. M. Zwemer's "Across the World of Islam." civilization has continued to prevail in vast areas Attention should also be called to an article in the July number of The Moslem World, which publishes "A Statistical Survey," by that have come under the political and military Carlo Gasbarri. This article has been translated from the Italian authority of Western peoples. In order to help by Phlllip T. Blackwood and it is probably the most up to date ~~fli~!S ;~r~~ question of the distribution of Mohammedans through- [455 ]

group of mankind that make up the Mohammedan with pious cant and hypocrisy, that boy may come world, divided as they are into many sects and to regard as genuine the open honesty and fairscattered in many countries, it is easy to make play that he sees in some Christian college. In serious mistakes. Aside from the fact that ac- such a case there is much for which to be thankful. curate census reports are not to be had in some of The lad acquires the habit of the conscientious these countries, a numerical survey of the adher- quest of truth for its own sake. But something ents to any religion is apt to be misleading. There further is needed. New eagerness to learn what are millions of Mohammedans whom the puritani- is true mus,t be directed into the spiritual realm as cal Wahabis in Arabia and Iraq would not recog- well, and this must be done by those whose ways nize as true believers. Likewise the self-satisfied of living he has come to admire. Here is an op- Shi'ites of Iran and India can see little hope for portunity for the possible coordination of the boy's those who rejected and dishonored their Imams. new life with the direct evangelistic work of the The modern reformers in India have suffered mission, or better still, with the agencies of the agony of soul when they realized the ignorance indigenous Church. and superstition of thousands upon thousands of their own religious community, whose systematic Another young man may show more interest veneration of fetishes and saints they regard as and ability in social life rather than as a scholar. sheer idolatry. And orthodox groups in Egypt, He may attend a Christian wedding in a beautiful who adhere to the Koran ,and the Traditions as garden in India. There he will see Christian interpreted by the four recognized schools of law, young ladies moving about modestly but graare indignant at the man-made movements of the ciously, animated with gay hospitality, and talking Moslem "modernists." From any of these varie- freely with both ladies and gentlemen. When he ties of believers you may easily find a friend who returns to his dormitory room he may voice a prowill assure you, "In these modern times it is hard test, as I once heard such a man do, against the to say who is a Mohammedan." unreasonable restrictions of Mohammedan so- ciety, and ask, "How long will it be until we can Objections to Christianity have the same clean and natural and loyal family life the Christians have?" Notwithstanding these inherent difficulties, whether a missionary go to Cairo or to Constan- Here also is a point of contact for some discerntinople, to Beirut or to Teheran, to Baghdad or to ing Christian friend to show him, in the right way Lucknow, he will hear certain uniform objections and time and place, that it is not what comes from to Christianity for example, that it has three gods, the West but what comes from Jesus Christ that or that the true Gospel that Jesus brought down makes the big difference. This, however, will not from Heaven is no longer extant. These objec- be accomplished by mere assertion. A careful tions are usually met best indirectly, in the course study together of the pre-Christian social standof calm and patient teaching and explanation of ards of some of the modern Christian peoples may the New Testament. But almost everywhere we be necessary. The missionary's objective is not to discover also that Westernization, in the form of suggest that one social culture be abandoned for secularism and nationalism, is making serious in- another, but rather that the culture of every naroads on Islam. And if we read again the opinion tion be submitted to the transforming power of of one of our foremost American orientalists, Dr. the will of God as revealed by Jesus Christ. D. B. Macdonald, (Aspects of Islam, p. 12), we realize that what required discerning insight a In such circumstances a program of Westernizafew years ago is now written in the Islamic social tion only would be hazal'dous and inadequate. structure so that one who runs may read: And what has been said with reference to schools and colleges applies with equal force to mission Islam as a religion is not holding its own against the dispensaries and hospitals. In this field also getunbelief that is flooding in from the European civilization. ting somewhere from the Christian point of view Young men are growing up into crass and material forms means getting beyond mere Westernization. There of atheism; forms that the best intellectual life of Europe is something fine and noble in a Christian doctor's has itself thrown off. And as education spreads and attitude toward his patients that witnesses to the deepens, as history vindicates for itself its place, as the spirit of Christ. It is this that enables him to work moral feeling becomes more watchful and sensitive, so the with patience and sympathy with people who are legend of Muhammad will crumble and his character be often unreasonable and exasperating. He has seen in its true light. It is, then, for the Christian schools something else than the discipline of his profesand preachers to save these peoples, not only for Chris- sion, something that has for its purpose, not the tianity, but for any religion at all; to vindicate to them white man's supremacy, not national honor, not the claims upon their lives of religion in the broadest sense. personal distinction, but a deeply laid desire for the dominion of the healing love of God in the But Westernization cannot be depended upon to hearts and bodies of suffering mankind. produce Christians. When perchance a Mohammedan youth has a father who disgusts his son

THE MOSLEM WORLD TODAY

As we think of many famous cities in the Islamic ary epistles in the New Testament, in their salutaworld where missionaries are now working pa- tions, exhortations and farewells. tiently and devotedly as true knights of the Cross, it is a sobering thought to realize over what a These national Christians also work with the wide area they are scattered. We rejoice also in missionaries in adapting Christian teaching to the strategic advantages they now have in this meet what has been called "the new Moslem apolgreat crusade for the peaceful penetration of the ogetic and polemic." In their candid social and love of God in Jesus Christ. Important and fa- intellectual relations with Mohammedans of the miliar cities in which they are witnessing, cities present day, missionaries find that many are not of more than 100,000 population according to the as dogmatic as they used to be. Things have been last issue of The Statesm.,an's Yearbook, may well happening to give them a broader background. be mentioned: They are inquisitive and receptive in the fields of history, of science, and of philosophy; and their Calcutta ………………………….. 1,485,582 opposition to Christianity is apt to be less bitter Constantinople ……………………… 740,805 and fanatical. Bombay …………………………… Cairo …………………………….. 1,161,383 On the other hand, if Moslems are irritated into Madras …………………………… 1,064,567 explosively proclaiming their objections to Chris- Hyderabad ………….. ,"""",',…. tianity, they may say things that are palpably Alexandria …………… ,………….. 647,230 specious and superficial. They may maint;:tin that Teheran . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 466,894 the Christian Scriptures teach that the blind and Lucknow ………………………….. 573,063 leprous are impure and that Solomon was an Rangoon ………………… , …. '….. 360,000 idolater. As the Mohammedan takes for granted Damascus …………………………. 274,659 the dogma that the prophets were sinless, they will Delhi …………………………….. 400,415 insist that the Bible is in gross error in saying Lahore …………… , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 193,912 that David became a prey to temptations and that Smyrna ………………… , ……… ,. 447,442 Aaron joined in the worship of the calf because of Cawnpore …………………………. 429,747 fear of the people of Israel. Like the Jews of old Agra …………………………….. 170,546 Moslems still exclaim that it is blasphemy to say Ahmadaoad .'……………………… 243,755 that Jesus is the Son of God, that it is directly Tabriz ……………………………. 229,764 contrary to the Koran to say that one person can Allahabad …………………………. 313,789 bear the sin of others, that it is immoral and fool- Tunis …………………………….. 219,000 ish to say that "the Law is a curse," and naively Amritsar … . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183,914 anthropomorphic to speak of God as being "tired" Howrah …………………………… 202,405 or "repentant." Poona . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 264,840 Soerabaya ….. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 224,873 To counteract the considerable influence of Baghdad ………………………….. 250,187 Christian teaching among the students in the Diwaniya ………… '……………… 146,944 schools and colleges of India, the Ahmadi sect Fez ……………………. " . . . . . . . . . . . 353,840 make such allegations as these against Jesus: Patna ……….. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 341,068 Aleppo ……………………………. 106,838 That He was given to drunkenness. Karachi ……. ,……………………. 159,690 That He exceeded all bounds in vulgar abuse of the Jews. Meshed …………………………… 177,313 That He was a coward and afraid to face death. Beirut ……………………………. ' 263,565 That He was disrespectful to His mother. Ankara …………………………… 139,000 That He was friendly with women of questionable char- Isfahan …………………………… 134,655 123,699 acter. 100,000 That His teachings were too idealistic and impracticable. That He grew angry and lost His temper. Some of the most gratifying work for Christ is That He was provincial, and that His message was only done in towns and rural districts that lie across the plains or in the mountain valleys beyond the for the Jews. cities. It is from these regions that hundreds and That He was weak and helpless. hundreds of patients come to mission hospitals; That His mission was a failure. and country boys and girls come to attend mission That Jesus did not die on the Cross, and that there was schools. National Christians, sometimes accompanied by missionaries, go out and tour from town no Resurrection. to town, or from village to village, having their part in modern apostolic witnessing. The fellow- But as a rule Mohammedan readers put a disship of believers is beautifully shown when these tinction between the Gospels and Chri.stian propamen and women, often themselves converts from ganda literature. Many of them are able and Islam, are able to be in the same little place for a ready to refute superficial and hostile objections while with some isolated Christian family, or to to the character of Jesus. They feel too much of have a series of meetings with some struggling the significance of His life and teaching to let His little group of new Christians. And when letters character be smirched "by the pen of an enemy." are exchanged afterwards, it is interesting to see that they write after the manner of the mission- "It cannot be," as Dr. Murray T. Titus has ob- served in his book on Indian Islam, "that honest

truth-seeking Moslems will continue indefinitely ulation, with sharp differences between the varito refuse to face all the facts, and pursue a policy of evasion of the real issues of history and life, ous region; in the Northeast they reach 82%, in even though such investigation leads to the questioning and study of the very sources of revelation the East 8 %, in the West 32 %, in the center 470, itself. . . . The sum of it all is, that the highest revelation of God to man is through a living per- and in the South only 2%. sonality. That the modern Moslem apologist is becoming more and more conscious of the funda- Percentage mental importance of this truth is revealed in the Moslems of population fact that he is emphasizing the personality and character of Mohammed as the means by which Morocco ………………. 5,215,000 97 God's grace was shed upon the world, and as the fact of central importance in Islam. The problem, Algeria ……………….. 5,174,872 82 therefore, for the Moslem as for the Christian investigator, is to apply the same honest and fear- Tunisia ……………….. 1,932,184 93 less critical methods to the study of Mohammed and his revelation as have been applied to Jesus Egypt ………………… 11,658,148 91 and the Bible," ("Indian Islam," Murray T. Titus, 1930). . Libya …………………. 1,205,000 94 For missionaries among Mohammedans, as for Anglo-Egyptian Sudan …… 2,800,000 66 their supporters in the homeland, and for their colleagues from the national Christians in Moslem Mauritania …………….. 254,000 99 countries, the issue is clearly drawn; our purpose is "to ,give the light of the knowledge of the glory Senegal ……………….. 915,000 75 of God in the face of Jesus Christ." French Sudan ………….. 1,061,000 42 Eritrea ……………….. 225,000 56 French Somaliland ………. 210,000 100 British Somaliland ………. 300,000 100 Italian Somaliland ………. 1,500,000 99 Ethiopia ………………. 2,500,000 37 French Guinea …………. 1,045,000 66 North Nigeria. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,889,000 64 South Nigeria …………. 1,940,0000 25 Chad …………………. 925,000 72 Cameroons …………….. 500,000 25 Nyasaland …………….. 160,000 10 Kenya ………………… 1,000,000 40 Uganda ……………….. 600,000 20 Tanganyika ……………. 400,000 10 A STATISTICAL SURVEY OF ISLAM* By far the largest Islamic country in Africa is Egypt where, as in West Africa, the Moslem prob- Every good Moslem is, and in fact must be, a lems are of particular interest.

"missionary." In 1900 the Moslem world had at Since 1930 Moslem missionaries from the el-Azhar University in Cairo have been diffusing its disposal two hundred printing presses; today culture and orthodox doctrine among the Moslems of various countries. An American observes that it has eight hundred and eighty. Out of a world the "Christians are talking about converting Af- rica, and the Moslems are doing it." Roman Cathpopulation of 2,053,600,000, we can accept 240,- olic missionaries state that the Moslems succeed in making propagandists among their converts, 000,000 as a figure for Islam. while the Catholics cannot succeed even in in- structing their catechumens. Moslems in A'sia are most numerous and in- Islam constitutes about two one-hundreths of clude 17.970 of the population. one per cent of the population of North America, and one-eighth of one per cent of South and Cen- Percentage tral America, with a total of scarcely 135,583 Moslems of plYpulation members.

Turkey ……………….. 12,600,000 92 In Europe and Soviet Russia Moslems represent 2% of the total population. They include 584,000 Syria …………………. 2,159,259 77 in Albania, 1,337,000 in Jugoslavia, 690,000 in Bulgaria, and 2,400,000 in Russia. Palestine ………… . . . . . . . 557,649 70 There are no general organizations for all Islam Transjordania ………….. 2,850,000 92 with a purely missionary scope, and the attempt to create an Association for the Defense of Islam Arabia ………………… 4,000,000 100 is a failure. The only organization of the kind, which will perhaps soon become international Iraq ………………….. 2,640,700 96 through increasing growth, is the Association of Moslem Youth, with headquarters in Cairo. An Iran ………………….. 8,830,000 95 international movement has developed from heret- ical Moslem sects, principally from the Ahma- Siberia, Kirghiztan, etc. ….. 16,462,442 80 diyah of Qadian and Lahore (British India), and from the Bahai sect, of Persian origin. Afghanistan …………… 6,380,500 100 British India …………… 78,000,000 21 French Indies ………….. 15,000 5 British East Indies ……… 2,025,000 47 Dutch East Indies ………. 43,000,000 86 Philippine Islands ………. 443,037 4 China …. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12,000,000 5 Chinese Turkestan ………. 1,200,000 48 The leading Moslem country in Asia is India. Moslems in Africa number about 37% of the pop- *eondensed from The Moslem World (July, 1937), New York; translated from an article by Carlo Casfarri in Il Pensiero Mis- sionwrw (Rome), December, 1936, by Philip T. Blackwood of Princeton, N. J.

Trends in the Moslem

By EDWARD M. DODD, M.D., New York Author of "To Mecca and Beyond"; Formerly a Missionary of the Presbyterian Church in Iran A GENERATION ago the world of Islam was As one surveys the wide reaches of the Moslem still predominantly a unit. Though living scene, and ponders the changes taking place, there under diverse national and political condi- appear to be four fairly well defined trends of the tions, Moslems had a strong sense of their solidar- day. This observation applies chiefly to leaders, ity. Except for certain well established heresies to urban centers and to youth. The vast rural or minor offshoots, and allowing for the begin- bulk of Islam is still conservative, orthodox and nings of revised and modernized thinking which relatively little changed. But where the city goes affected a relatively small group of intelligentsia, now the village will go presently, especially with there were no outstanding .divergencies in the the radio and the automobile and the printed page Moslem road, or deep rifts in the Moslem front. arriving everywhere. We are here concerned with In the main the religious road of Sunnis in India, these lead-trends to the future.

Turkey or North Africa, for example, ran parallel, 1. In the first place we have the conservative or rather they loyally converged on Mecca. The status quo plus the "Puritan" revival in Arabia. Sultan-Caliph was still on the Constantinople Externally or mechanically Arabia is being gradthrone; and the faithful from Morocco to the ually modernized but religiously it remains ortho- Philippines, and from Bokhara to CapeTown, dox, with the re-emphasis of the Wahabi Moverecognized and revered him as their head. It ment. The tale which at once illustrates the point, was still not wholly fantastic to talk of a general as well as the consummate skill of Ibn Saoud, has Mohammedan Holy war; indeed Turkey made an been told more than once. When it was proposed abortive attempt at this as late as the closing year to install a telephone system in Riadh, the desert of the World War. Moslems had not yet trans- capital of Saoudi Arabia, the conservative relilated the Koran out of Arabic. The veiled and re- gious leaders protested. The thing was not of the pressed status of women was still universal. Even Koran and therefore not lawful. Ibn Saoud put in heretical Shiite Persia the Old Order was not the matter to the religious test. He suggested visibly disturbed. that a Mullah read the Koran into the telephone at one end of an experimental line and another But what have we now? Shocks from without Mullah listen at the other end. If the apparatus and revolutionary transformations from within, conveyed the sacred words, surely the thing was accentuated by the WorId War but largely repre- of Allah and lawful. How could one object to that? senting the influx of the modern age, have shaken Needless to say, Riadh now has telephones. Yet and confused the House of Islam. Turkey has the ecclesiastical hierarchy is intact. One wongone secular and modern, while Arabia is Puritan ders how long this intellectual straddle can hold Wahabi. The Caliphate has been summarily abol- up, for Islam tends to give way or to be revised ished, and there are no significant efforts afoot to as it is exposed to the modern impact. re-establish it. Egypt has developed theological modernism; and Azhar University, the intellec- North Africa, west of Egypt, shares with tual nerve-center of Islam, has been made over on Arabia the characteristic of Mohammedan conmodernized lines. The Koran has been translated servatism, even though in the social externals of for the use of Moslems into Turkish and is being life it is also becoming Europeanized. translated into other languages. The veil has been largely discarded in Turkey and is officially banned In Central Asia we have the complicated situain Iran. The Turkish National Assembly has now tion of conservative religious leadership, assaulted a number of women delegates; Egypt has a vig- by the socially radical and religiously atheistic orous feminist movement. Turkey and Iran are Soviet government and also facing a considerable busily harking back to their Turanian and Iranian feminist movement. The prospects are that the origins, and are turning away from the Arabic- religious old order will be overpowered by the Islamic culture. In the Near East generally, ex- social new order. A real battle is on. cept for Arabia, there is considerable disintegration in Islam. 2. There is another group which we might call the reform or revision states, conspicuously illus- [459 ]

trated by India and Egypt, each in its own way. be called the drifters. The drifting away from They are formulating definite philosophies, which Islam is a part of what is going on all over the have been developing and spreading for a number world-the drift away from all religion. In these of years, and which are changing and diversifying Moslem countries the dominant interest is political the religious picture. The outstanding contribu- and nationalistic. Nationalism is becoming the tion of India is the Ahmadiya movement. The net new religion rather than Islam: the ardors of result in India, according to Mr. Murray Titus is loyalty, the mass demonstrations, the allegiances reinvigoration. He concludes that in spite of di- of youth-these are now channelled largely into visions and weaknesses, "Islam in India today is nationalism. There is a wholesale drift of youth better organized, better educated, more progres- away from the old religion. Outward observances sive, more reasonable and tolerant toward its may still be maintained, though many of these are neighbors than ever before in its history. Of weakening, but the inner conviction is crumbling Egyptian thought, Dr. Charles C. Adams of the away. The movie theatre is found to be much American Mission says: more exciting than the Mosque; the radio broad- "Mohammedan modernism in Egypt may be cast is more intriguing to the younger generation said to have taken form as a definite movement than the call to prayer. Inert fatalism, the resig- during the last quarter of the preceding century, nation of Islam, has a hard time surviving the under the leadership of the late Grand Mufti of automobile and modern medicine.

Egypt, Sheikh Myhammad Abduh, who died in . The Iranian Shah has made it unmistakably and 1905. It constitutes an attempt to free the reli- dramatically clear fuat progressive nationalism, gion of Islam from the shackles of a too rigid embodied in himself, rules, and not Islam. But orthodoxy, and to accomplish reforms which will there has been no official disestablishment of the render it adaptable to the complex demands of latter. The youth of Iraq says that Mohammed modern life. Its prevailing character is that of was well enough for his day, but that he is now a religious reform; it is inspired and dominated back-number; let the religious hierarchy die in chiefly by theological considerations. It differs in peace; they no longer count. But no official overt this respect from the reforms instituted by the change has been made. Syria's consuming na- Indian group of nationalist reformers, who aim tional interest is in the new political situation cre- primarily at a cultural movement, and the adjust- ated by the transition from French mandate to ment of Islam to the conditions of modern Euro- independence. The races and religions in this pean civilization. The fundamental assumption, polyglot country increasingly unite on the basis of however, that Islam is a world religion, suitable Arab nationalism, which tends more and more to for all peoples, all times, and all cultural condi- transcend religious and racial lines.

tions, is common to both movements." Similarly in far~off Java, one of the largest In both countries there are strong social move- Moslem units of the world, there is a well-devel- ments among women, which are attacking prob- oped movement to return to the pre-Islamic Na- lems of health and well-being, of polygamy, di- tional culture. There is a strong nationalistic vorce and prostitution. All of this is within the movement, which is of far more vital interest to frame-work of the established religion. the younger generation than any religion. With These two groups, the orthodox and the revised, them Islam is increasingly under criticism and in give no evidence of breaking away from Islam. the discard.

They are making their social and theological adap- 4. Finally there is the radical state, Turkey, tations from within. The state or the community which alone has turned squarely away from Islam is still a "church" state or a "church" community. as an official institution. It has not turned against ("Church" is of course used as the nearest intel- Islam, nor is it antireligious in general, but it has ligible counterpart – not because Islam has a decided that, in order to become a modern and pro- church in the Christian sense.) gressive country, it cannot brook the inhibitions, Both of these groups are strongly missionary. interference, and frustrations of the old Moslem The Ahmadiya movement is very active and the order. Kemal Ataturk has therefore set up a sec- Azhar is still a powerful propaganda center, with, ular state which, in itself, is a repudiation of basic Africa as its chief missionary field. In India the Mohammedanism, because the Mohammedan sys- new situation created by the Outcast movement tem has hitherto claimed the whole stage. A away from Hinduism, and the Ambedkar an- typical indepenuent Moslem country was ipso nouncement of their readiness to consider some facto a religious government – a "church" state; other religion, appeals tremendously to this funda- the only law was the Moslem law; there was no mental missionary urge of Islam, as well as hav- concept of a separate civil law.

ing its important political hearings. This radical national departure, coming from 3. Other predominantly Moslem lands, like the country which had so long been the seat of the Iraq, Iran, and Syria, as well as Malaysia, might Caliphate, the spear-head of the whole Moslem

INFLUENCE OF MOSLEM SUPERSTITIONS

World, struck a body blow at world Islam. India hardly be water-tight compartments. There is and Egypt and the far isles of the Pacific rever- bound to be mingling and overflowing in this day berated with the shock. Turkey was branded as a of interchange and questioning and remolding. renegade and apostate, but the fulminations were It is an intriguing question as to which if anyone futile. Turkey went serenely and successfully on of these trends will prevail to any general extent. her way, and nothing has come of the scattered efforts to revive the Caliphate. It is, of course, incumbent upon the Christian enterprise to understand these trends, and the The course which Turkey has pursued has also varied fronts which they present. It is one thing had its admirers in other lands. Iran, for ex- to deal with a zealous, intolerant Wahabi Bedouin ample, is very apt to follow the same patterns as of the far desert reaches and another thing to talk her neighbor on her western boundary. There are with an indifferent, agreeable, irreligious young not wanting those, among the younger generation government clerk in Iran, or Syria; it is still anelsewhere, who think that Turkey has really other thing to sympathize with an active woman shown the way to do the thing. social reformer of Egypt, who also presents the new Moslem apologetic; and again another thing The patterns of national development, though to be a strictly inhibited missionary in Turkey. distinctively represented by national units, can Influence of Moslem Superstitions By DAVIDA M. FINNEY, Ramleh, Egypt II ~. – Missionary of the United Presbyterian Church '~==========================~I O NE of my earliest recollections as a child is Nurses and mothers frighten their erring children of a Moslem sheikh who came to call upon with, "Be good or the bu' bu' will catch you." my father. He sat alone in our drawing- room, waiting for father's return. I did not know Only about ten years ago I was dining with a he was there, and was wandering, rather discon- number of Egyptian college students about to re- . solately, down the hall when suddenly I was star- ceive the baccalaureate certificate. Turning to the tled by a flurry of robes, quick breathing, and one on my right, I asked: looked up to see the sheikh in full flight from the drawing-room door. When he saw me, he stopped "What did you think the bu' bu' was when you precipitately, and muttered, were a child?"

"An afreet! He blew down the chimney!" Then "A negro giant," he told me, "with flashing eyes he continued more calmly, "Let me, if you please, and a red mouth." sit outside here in the hall." At once the group around us was adding detail I remember glancing into the room, astonished upon detail. A discussion of afreet followed. Made at his fright and yet wondering if after all my a little uneasy by the vividness of descriptions mother might be wrong about afreet, and my na- given, I finally remarked: tive nurse right, and that I might now catch a glimpse of one. The sunny room lay silent and "Isn't it a fine thing that today we need no empty, however. No grinning afreet perched any- longer fear the bu' bu' and the afreetl" where, not even on the little iron stove. Faith in my mother returning in a comforting wave, I There was instant silence, and then the man on murmured loftily: my right said, "Pray be seated." "But you are a Westerner. We of the East know." This incident was my first introduction to the fact that learned men as well as my nurse were "But have you ever seen'an afreet?" I asked in- afraid of spirits. credulously.

In conversation with many Egyptians, I have To my amazement he nodded. found one word an open sesame to a common "One day," he said, "I was walking across a bit ground of experience, and eventually to a feeling of waste land. Suddenly I saw an afreet approach- of intimate friendliness. We discuss the bu' bu'. ing, very tall, clothed all in white. I looked to right and left, hunting for a place of concealment, but there was none. So I cowered down and hid my face until he had passed. One must always do that with an afreet; it is death to oppose him. Once a friend of mine, who happened to be armed,

met an a/reet and in his fright fired at it. The weaned her child. Women threatened with harm a/reet disappeared, but in a short time my friend may protect themselves by wearing a bit of palm was dead. If you oppose an a/reet, within a year stalk (gareeda). you die." No bride should be approached by a person just Over and over again in conversation with all circumcized. A woman who has just lost a child sorts of Egyptians one is reminded .of the fact that or a qati/ should not enter a house where there even today, for the mass of the population, ginn is a weaning child or one with sore eyes. If she and a/reet are real, a daily concern, terrifying. does, it will become blind. My friend, Mr. Khaleel Modern education, the radio, the cinema, closer Armanios, the blind evangelist of Alexandria, has contacts with Europe, a constantly increasing use often been asked if he was blinded by a qati/. of newspapers, these factors and many others are rapidly modifying superstiti.ous beliefs. Yet in Just after shaving a man must not approach a fairness one must remember that these educative bride, a pregnant, nursing .or weaning mother, if influences reach .only the minority in any country he has not previously met them, lest they become where literacy is low. Even in educated folk, barren or lose their milk. Evil consequences may brought up by superstitious parents, such belief be avoided if the WDman enters the room of meetis instinctive and dies hard. ing and walks around the man seven times. On the .other hand, if he shaves in his own house with A few years ago the editor of a fairly well- the woman close beside him no harm is done. Or known daily, then being published in Cairo, de- the woman may take the razor used, soak it in scribed to me his visit to an old convent. water, and .on a Friday when she bathes, pour the water over her body. Should her well-being be "I went alone," he told me, "although the place threatened by a qati/, or some other woman, she was full of a/reet. But," with quiet pride he con- may escape harm by securing some blood from the tinued, "J was not afraid." other WDman and placing it in her bath on Friday.

It is the modern educated youth who more Mr. Khaleel told me of a family of his acquaintnearly achieve freedom from fear. I am not writ- ance who had a bitter quarrel with a neighboring ing of Christians and well-traveled and well-read family. One of the women had weaned a child Moslems who for years have been unconsciDus of but had not yet seen the new moon. Forgetting such fear. I write rather of the general mass, not this fact, when her neighbor gave birth to a son the small group. she went to call upon the rejoicing mother. In a short time the child died, and, even worse, at the The women and girls with whom we come much end of a year the mother was still barren. After in contact are dominated by fear of el Mushohira much consultation and thought, the neighbor's (literally, to be monthed), the Ain (the Evil Eye) visit was remembered. She was apprDached and magic, and spirits. These spirits may be El Zar agreed to do what she could to repair the damage. (the Visitor), El Ginn, or El A/reet. The masses They took some blood from her hand, and the believe in certain charms to be said or used to mother placed it in her bath on Friday. No good counteract these evil influences. They think that resulting, again the neighbor was approached and .one must be quick to observe, and punctilious in again gave blood, this time from her foot. Still performing such rites, if one wishes to avoid no good resulting, .once more she was approached, injury. and asked to contribute blood from some other part of her body. This she indignantly refused t.o The Mushohira gets its name, as far as I am do, claiming that if she were the cause of the curse, able to discover its root, from shahr, month. The blood from one part of her body would be as effiidea in its use is that escape from harm depends caci.ous as from any other. Rapidly the quarrel on seeing the new moon. The evil effects of the grew, and for three years neither family has Mushohira fall upon certain groups of people and spoken t.o the other. are brought about by certain people. Those most commonly recognized Mushohira, bringing evil, There are other unlucky deeds by which one perare: a mother weaning her child, called El Qati/; son may bring evil upon another. If one crosses a a man who has just shaved; a person just cir- river in boat or train and then at .once enters cumcized; one who is ill or with sore eyes; and a where there is a bride, a sick person, a pregnant bride when she meets another bride. Those who or weaning mot!ler, injury will result. To avoid suffer from such individuals are brides, pregnant bringing injury, this person should remain in anwomen or mothers weaning a child, and the sick. other room until the woman enters where the new- The Mushohira is caused by other means, but less comer is and circles him seven times. Mr. Khaleel frequently. called recently in the home of a woman who once was visited by s.omeone just after crossing the If a Qati/ approaches a bride ora pregnant river. In a few days the woman became blind. woman, she becomes barren; if she approaches To remove the curse, her br.other took her in a another Qati/, the milk will be stopped. To rid herself of this baneful power, the Qati/ must see the new moon as soon as she has completely

boat to cross and recross the river. He was told not speak to or interfere with them. If a person that at once her eyesight was restored. Constantly accidentally stumbles or falls to the ground there one comes across the effects of the Mushohira. is grave danger that he has injured some of these spirits. The only way to appease them is to The Ain is injury brought about by admiring sprinkle the spot with salt, water, or even sugar something not your own. This admiration is prob- and bread. Last week a woman stumbled in ably envious and therefore brings evil conse- alighting from a street-car. She hastened to a quences. It is considered much more proper and friend's house, borrowed salt, sugar and water, considerate not to praise at all, but if impelled to returned to the spot and silently sprinkled it. To do so one should preface the remark with "Yikhzi maintain silence is essential if the rite is to be el Ain" (May God put the eye to shame), or "Aini efficacious. aleykum barda" (My eye is cold upon you). People are especially liable to be possessed by One man may say to another, "Aini barda, but spirits at certain times; at marriages, perhaps you seem to be in excellent health." Then all is because at that time they are concerned about well. It is difficult to remember this instinctive their appearance and frequently look in a mirror; shrinking from praise of anything a man holds when bathing, because they may inadvertantly addear. Nor is it easy to hold a baby in your arms mire their bodies; when sleeping alone, as spirits and make no admiring comment. If your eyes are always infest a solitary place; when going to bed blue, better far not even to look your pleasure. in a worried or angry frame of mind, as the spirits find access easy at that time. To be freed from the evil consequences of the Ain, it is thought necessary to secure a piece of Should one become possessed by a spirit one garment worn by the envious one, or some dregs must appease him and remove the cause of his from his coffee cup. No offense must be given, so anger. This is done by the holding of a Zar. one must not let him know that he is suspected of There are special women thought able to reconcile having done injury. If it is impossible to secure the spirits. The one possessed gives such a woman a bit of his clothing surreptitiously, often it is an article of her wearing apparel. She places it possible to secure a bit through a bribed servant beneath her pillow; during the night the offended or a sympathetic friend. Sometimes people are spirit tells her the cause of his anger and also startled to find a small piece gone from some val- what gift will satisfy him. Next morning the ued garment. This snippet is burned and the woman tells the possessed person what the spirit smoke passed over the child. Coffee dregs are wants – jewelry, a sheep, a new dress, or some boiled and the steam is passed over the child. piece of furniture. Many women take advantage of this custom to secure for themselves things they As for vengeful spirits, the ginn and zar are cannot otherwise obtain. considered always present. The ginn live usually in kitchens and bathrooms or in lofts where sup- The Sarukh (the cry), is brought about through plies are kept. The loft of a house in which Mr. an unnatural death. If a man is murdered, the Khaleel once lived was infested with rats. Neigh- spirits which live in his blood, continue to cry bors visiting in the house heard scurryings and aloud for vengeance from the spot where his blood squeakings and were firmly convinced that ginn was shed. There is no fear of evil consequences to the house if he dies away from home, otherwise it haunted the house. becomes infested with his afreet. In the case of A little Mohammedan girl once stayed in our any violent or accidental death, the spot where death occurs remains a place of danger to all home for some time. One day she went into the passers-by. kitchen to get some water but came out hastily without it. When asked what was the matter, she These are some of the superstitions with which one comes in contact day by day in schools, homes, said, and in one's travels. Many sheikhs studying in "There's an afreet in the pot on the stove." the Azhar University are today electing the course Looking in, I saw the lid of the tea-kettle rat- in modern education, similar to that given by the Ministry of Education. Such men will not fly pretling furiously as the water boiled. When taking cipitately from a room when the wind blows down a bath, if suddenly startled or frightened, one may the chimney. A new day has dawned in Egypt, a be sure that a ginn has taken possession of one's fact which is being felt even in EI Azhar Univer- sity. Yet those who visit in homes aU over the body. country, who deal intimately with men, women, Besides the ginn, the earth is believed to be in- and children, are forced to realize more and more clearly each year how great is the hold that superhabited by other spirits. These are divided into stition still has upon masses of the population in three main divisions; El Sitt (the woman), El any Mohammedan country. Seed (the master), and El Abd (the slave). They are found everywhere, but especially in any open or waste piece of land. Here they busy themselves with their own affairs. If one is forced to cross such a piece of land alone, one may see and hear them. To avoid injury by them, one should

Preach Christ to Moslems?

By the REV. SAMUEL M. ZWEMER, D.D., F.R.G.S., –..g{ Princeton, New Jersey }Sc-.- Editor of "The Moslem World"

"IF YOU will only organize Christian missions lidity and necessity of Christian missions to to the heathen in my province, instead of at- Moslems? tempting to convert Mohammedans, I will do 1. If ,the Gospel of Christ in its simplest form everything in my power to further and support (which is also its deepest mystery) includes the them, but I cannot approve or allow, at any rate Incarnation, the Atonement and the Resurrection at present, the opening of a mission to the Mo- then the world of Islam certainly needs our meshammedans." So said the governor of Nigeria, sage for it is news and offers Good News to every about thirty years ago. This policy was that of Moslem. Islam is not a Christian sect or a Chris- Lord Kitchener in the Sudan, of the British in the tian heresy. It is an eclipse of the Christ as re- Malay States, and is not yet abandoned every- vealed in the Gospel. It is an Arabian palimpsest where. superinscribed over the message of Jesus by an- The validity and the necessity of carrying the other hand. Its categorical denial of the deity of Gospel message to Mohammedans have been ques- Christ, of the crucifixion, of the finality of Jesus tioned in times past and are being questioned Christ as God's messenger and of His way of life today! The late Professor G. Kampffmeyer of through regeneration is evident from the Koran the University of Berlin in "Whither Islam?" itself.

deals with the subject in the same attitude; his The analogy of Paul's attitude toward Jew and conclusion is that missions in the Near East among Gentile holds today as regards missions to Mos- Moslems are as dangerous as they are futile and, lems and to other non-Christians. It was because for the good"of humanity, should be discontinued. the Jew had so much that was true and noble and yet needed the Gospel that Paul preached every- Dr. Hugh Vernon White, a secretary of the where to the Jew first. Their theism, their knowl- American Board, in the magazine called Chris- edge of the Old Testament, their zeal for God, tendom, plainly states that "Christian efforts to their passion for the Law did not invalidate their evangelize the Moslem have met with signal and need of the Gospel but emphasized it. This imconsistent failure. The response to such efforts plication would hold also for those Moslems of today is negligible and there is little likelihood of China, Africa and India who live in the midst of any marked change in the near future. . . . The paganism or polytheistic ethnic faiths. Christian Church ought to quit trying to make proselytes of Mohammedans. It should bring the In the Near East and North Africa, we have an best works of Christian service to the Moslem additional argument. There we are not merely world in a spirit of ecclesiastical and theological trying to lead Moslems to Christ, but rather to disinterestedness. " lead them back to Christ. Here we have the argu- ment of church history; the inspiration of the Father T. Bennerth, writing in a Roman Cath- cloud of witnesses, the apostles and martyrs of the olic missionary magazine for April 1930 says: faith; and the very stones of ruined churches and "As the conversion of the great bloc of Islamic monasteries would cry out if we were silent. nations to the Christian faith is not to be expected in our century " . . it is of the highest value that The Great Unoccupied Moslem Fields Islam at least maintains the belief in God in puri- fied forms. If this refuge of belief in God should 2. The missionary forces have hitherto moved vanish, then Western Christianity will be threat- across or around this great Moslem bloc. The fol- ened by a new seat of danger." lowing areas, or. countries in which the popula- When we compare these statements with the tion is wholly or predominantly Moslem, are still verdict of the Roman Catholic Conference, held in practically unoccupied. The missionary confer- Louvain in 1930, we find that ,there also the entire ences of Cairo, Edinburgh, Lucknow, and Jeruworld of Islam is labeled "le bloc inconvertisable." salem successively laid them all before the Church, In view of such opinions and statements, what but with little result-Afghanistan; the provinces satisfactory reasons can be advanced for the va- of Hejaz, Asir, Nejd, and Hadramaut in Arabia; [464 ] Russian Turkestan; parts of Siberia, Bokhara; blasted. The Moslem World Conference held at the eastern part of the Malay Peninsula; Socotra Mecca, and afterwards in Europe, proved a failand the Moslem populations of Madagascar, Rus- ure; none of the resolutions was carried out. sia in Europe, British and French Somali-land, Tripoli in North Africa, the French Sudan; the The Dutch Orientalist, Dr. Van der Meulen, who Great Aures Mountains, the Saharan Atlas spent many years in the diplomatic service at ranges, the central populous mountain regions of Jiddah, asks, "Are we standing at the eve of a re- Morocco, and the vast Sahara itself. These un- vival, a renaissance of Islam? No, the phenomena occupied fields have a total population of approxi- do not point this way. Except for the Wahhabi mately thirty-six million. How can we speak or movement in Central Arabia, it has all been a sing of evangelizing the whole world and leave all question of self-defense and resistance," (Moslem this outside of the program of occupation for World, October, 1936). Christ? Regarding the enormous area and population of Disintegration and Decay of Islam Indonesia, Professor C. C. Berg speaks of "de- structive forces that are at work against Islam all 3. A religion that once was the hope and glory over the world." Of the favorable factors he says of millions shows signs of breaking up. Old sanc- that they "might possibly result only in the long tions are disappearing. Their anchor-ground has run in a decrease in the rate of decay," ("Whither proved insufficient in the rising tide of material- Islam?" pp. 306-311). ism and atheism. Some tell us that there are signs of a resurgent Islam and of revival of faith in The geographical expansion of Islam in Africa Mohammed. But all signs point in the opposite has often been exaggerated. The latest statistical direction. This years report of the Board of For- survey shows a smaller proportion of Moslems in eign Missions of the Presbyterian Church states: nearly every area in North-central Africa (Mos- "There is now abundant evidence that the religion lern World, April, 1936). Dr. Deaville Walker of Islam is slowly disintegrating." wrote a few years ago: The collapse of the caliphate, and the failure of Within a comparatively short time, we pictured great all attempts to revive it, would lead to the conclu- pagan populations being rapidly Islamised. I am consion that Pan-Islamism is dead. The policy of the vinced that the position is wholly different today. Careful new government in Turkey and the complete sec- personal investigation in Sierra Leone and Mendeland, ularization of that republic points in the same the Gold Coast and Ashanti, Nigeria, and in the French direction. The Turkish press utters severe judg- colonies and protectorates of Dahomey, Togo, and the ment on Islam and its Prophet, while one by one Ivory Coast,· have made it very clear to me that the adthe old sanctions and customs of religion are pub- vance of Islam is being definitely checked, and that today licly discarded. A few years ago a British official we are winning far more Africans to the faith of Christ of high standing actually wrote to me: "Islam as than the Moslems are winning for their Prophet. Startling we once knew it is dead in Turkey; it is dying in as this may sound, I believe it to be absolutely true. Persia; it has ceClJ8ed to carry real weight in Egypt; it may survive some generations in What elements in Islam are today resurgent? Arabia; but the basic truths of Christianity will Does the old Mohammedan law or jurisprudence in the long run even there prevail." Such judg- any longer prevail under the new nationalism and ment is undoubtedly somewhat premature but it the new state? Or has the purely -Islamic-govis prophetic. erned state disappeared even in Arabia and Afghanistan? Islam faces a crisis in the lands where once it was dominant. Its efforts at propagandism in Has the social structure of Islam withstood the India and Africa "remind one of those sparse feminist movement and female education anygreen twigs sometimes still appearing at the ex- where? Can we seriously speak of "resurgent treme ends of half-dried-up boughs in trees whose forces" as regards polygamy, slavery, concubicore has for long been decaying from old age." nage, and the seclusion of womanhood? Was the Islam suffers because it feels itself under the suppression of the age-old Moharram celebrations tutelage of the West. In Turkey it suffers by be- in Persia a sign of vitality in Islam? Is the reli'- ing violated in its own bosom; in Russia from gion of Islam showing a new vitality when three Soviet persecution; and in Persia from a revolt of its "five pillars" are crumbling? The daily against the Arabic language and tradition. Mus- prayers are no longer observed as they were ten tapha Kemal Ataturk of Turkey raised great ex- years ago. The number of pilgrims to Mecca, in pectations, but he has turned out a bitter disap- spite of new facilities by motorbus and steampointment for all Moslems. The disenchantment ships, has dwindled from 250,000 to 80,000. was cruel but complete. The high hopes fixed on Mecca is losing its importance. Are the uniting Ibn Saood of Arabia to revive the caliphate were forces that remain, the Arabic language and cul- ture, the sense of brotherhood, the press and Al Azhar of Egypt-are these forces strong enough to counteract the disintegrating factors? Or will the progressive secularization of Moslem life rob

all life from the religion of Islam? Will the wan- Hospital in Northwest China, reports that Moslem ing of the Dervish orders and their suppression, as in Turkey, continue? patients crowd the doors, kiss the feet of the The fact is that Islam has been severely Christian physicians, listen eagerly to the meswounded in the house of its friends. The younger Egyptian modernists, instead of building care- sage, and that some at least find new life in Christ. fully on the foundations of reform laid by Jamalal-Dinal Afghani and the great Mohammed'Abdu, More and more thousands of Moslem youth are have ruthlessly undermined what remained intact. Mansur Fahmi, in his doctor's thesis, proved that sitting at the feet of Christian teachers in every Islam was progressively responsible for the degradation of womanhood. Dr. Taha Housain raised land. Day schools, boarding schools, colleges, and a storm of hostility by a book proving that much of early Islamic literature was a forgery, ·fabri- universities tell of an increasing number of Moscated to prop up the Koran and tradition. "The story of Abraham and Ishmael building the Kaaba lem pupils and of the leavening power of Chrisis all fiction." Ali Abd al Razik went even further, and in his book, "Islam and the Fundamentals of tian education that reaches far beyond the cur- Authority," advocated the abolition of the caliphate, "which has always been a misfortune." riculum and the campus area. Everyone should Moreover, he proposed the complete separation of Church and State, and the abandonment of the know that the emancipation of Moslem girlhood vast body of canon law. (Adams, "Islam and Modernism in Egypt," pp. 254-265.) and womanhood began in mission schools. It is When the best thinkers in Islam accept an hon- not only unkind but ungrateful and unhistoric to est historical research of all her spiritual property, it will mean a revelation of bankruptcy. trace these modern movements to hybrid sources. When the foundations are destroyed, what can the righteous do? Only the real gold, the theistic Christ alone removes the veil because He demands spiritual values of Islam, will be able to withstand the heat of this inevitable furnace. A careful and imparts purity of heart. Moslems themselves study of the whole question leads to the conclusion that as a cultural and even as a political force have testified to this fact. there is yet a future for Islam, but as a religious force the future does not look promising-except The great Christian literature societies and comin Christ and His Gospel for Moslems. mittees in Cairo, Constantinople, Teheran, Shang- The Response to the Gospel Message hai, across India, and in the Dutch East Indies are 4. This great response, as we see it today, should not surprise those who believe God's prom- producing and distributing ten times as much litises and who have experienced the final fruitage that follows the "patience of unanswered prayer." erature as they did a decade ago. Illiteracy is de- Others have labored, since the days of Henry Martyn, and now we are entered into their labors. creasing. Education is becoming compulsory. Others have knocked long and loud and waited patiently before locked doors-now those very doors The stigma of disapproval now rests on old superare nailed open. Eastern Arabia, Hadhramaut, and the cities of Meshed, Iran, and Riadh in Cen- stitions that once had religious sanction. tral Arabia, are outstanding examples. There are public baptisms in places where for- The Bible has been translated into all the great languages of the world of Islam. It is the best merly the "law of apostasy" would have adminprinted of all books and has an ever-increasing circulation. One has only to read the annual re- istered public ostracism or private vengeance. In ports of the two great Bible societies to realize the miracles of grace accomplished every year by the Java alone there are 75,000 Moslem converts gathprinted Word. ered into Christian churches. In North India Every hospital and dispensary across the map from Tangier, Morocco, to the Borden Memorial there are other thousands and in Persia we can truly speak of an indigenous church-weak still in numbers, but strong in the spirit of sacrifice and boldness of witness.

Those who challenge the validity and success of work among Moslems need to remember the lines of Arthur H. Clough: .

For while the tired waves, vainly breaking, Seem here no painful inch to gain, Far back through creeks and inlets making, Comes silent, flooding in, the main.

For not iJy eastern windows only When daylight comes, comes in the light; In front the sun climbs slow, how slowly! But westward, look, the land is bright.

While for years Christians have been battering against an impregnable position in North Africa, Islam has been steadily sweeping south and pagan tribes have become followers of the Prophet and have been lost to Christ. Suppose the Church had concentrated its efforts on these tribes in the rear of the Moslem position, and had flung a barrier of Christian churches across Africa, would Islam have made the progress it has southward? Might not the Church have found in Christian Africans, the allies who would have won far greater success than white foreigners can hope to achieve?

A. S. McNAIRN.

Christian Approach to

By PREBENDERY W. WILSON CASH, London I Secretary of the Church Missionary Society I~ ~==============================~ H AS Christianity anything to offer Islam? disappointed, goes forward with undimmed faith In answer to this question, one group of and courage, proclaiming Christ and Him cruci- people fall back upon the threadbare argu- fied as the only Hope of the world.

ment that "Islam is good enough for the Arabs." This difficult situation makes us pause and study They do not think, however, that is good enough afresh the task before us. First of all, nothing in for themselves. this past hundred years in any way invalidates the The question is sometimes put in a different way Gospel of Christ. Men of many nations and races -What is there in Christianity that is not found have found a new eternal and abounding life in Islam? through Christ, the living Saviour. The experi- The Moslem himself approaches the issue from ence of men converted in evangelistic campaigns a very different angle. He is certain that Islam in Europe or America is duplicated in the lives has much to offer to the Christian world, and par- of Africans, Indians, Chinese, and many others. ticularly just now when international affairs are Revival sweeps through parts of India and Africa so tangled and difficult. and tens of thousands find peace with God. But The missionary meets the point by a bold and the Moslem world still stands like some impreg- frank presentation of the Gospel of Christ as the nable rock, almost unshaken, and as a rule undis- only adequate religion for all the world. turbed by missionary witness. The reasons for A missionary recruit, going out to a Moslem this are many; some of them must be briefly field for the first time, is shocked to find that the stated. When the Moslem armies invaded the Moslem is just as eager to convert him to Islam countries from Syria to the Sudan and North as he is to win the Moslem for Christ. This is Africa they found a responsive body of nominally only the first of a series of shocks. As he settles Christian men ready to join their ranks and to to his work he discovers for himself what he had fight for them. The armies of the prophet were always heard, that the Moslem is about the most increased daily by many who saw in Mohammed a difficult man in all the world to bring under the deliverer from the hated Byzantine rule. The Em- influence of the Gospel. peror used the Church as an imperial tool, and in A survey of the past hundred years of mission- the minds of most people Church and State were ary work among Moslems does not reveal appre- one.

ciable progress in most areas. In one or two coun- There were alsothe divisions within the Church tries there have been remarkable results, notably and the disruptive elements in its own ranks. The in the Dutch East Indies; but against this suc- Roman and the Greek churches were separated cess must be set the inroads of Islam into the and the Greek and the Coptic churches were no Christian Church in the Near East. In Egypt it is longer in communion with each other. The ornate estimated that from 500 to 800 Copts annually ritual of the Eastern churches was contrasted become Moslems. The history of Islam is one of with the simple forms of mosque worship. The ceaseless encroachments on'Christendom, until pictures and images in churches gave the impres- now we speak of Bible lands, which were once sion of polytheism, and the abstruse theological Christian, as Moslem lands. The large propor- controversies still further weakened the spiritual tion of the peoples of Syria, Palestine and Egypt life of the Church. The fact is that the Christian are Moslems today. The Christian Church of faith was so badly misrepresented by the Church North Africa has been blotted out. The formerly of the day that people could not see Christ through Christian areas of the Sudan are now solidly Mos- the maze of ritual and ceremonial, the selfish am- lem. And still the Church sends missionaries to bitions of prelates and the secular encroachments Moslems and many are willing to give their lives upon the community. Race superiority was re- to Moslem evangelization, in an effort to remove sponsible for a good deal. The Roman or Greek the reproach which lies at the door of the Church. pattern was stamped upon the churches every- And still the missionary, though often baffled and where. There seems to have been nothing in- [467 ]

digenous in the Church of North Africa; and in into a new environment, utterly foreign to him.

Arabia there does not appear to have been any The strain of this social upheaval upon a young translation into the vernacular, either of the convert is so great that it develops any idiosyn- Scriptures or the Christian liturgies. In Rome cracies and oddities in him and in the end drives people worshipped in Latin and, therefore, they him back to his old surroundings.

had to worship in Latin in all North Africa; sim- The history of Christian expansion down the ilarly, because in Constantinople the liturgical centuries does not show that the nineteenth censervices were all in Greek, they had to be in Greek tury policy was adopted in other periods. In also in the Arabic-speaking world. Any approach earlier days people moved towards the Christian to Islam by the Christian must take account of faith by communities, by families, and tribes. In such facts. They are not dead matters of history doing so they became Christian without having but living issues today, and a study of them will had to suffer a catastrophic upheaval in their sohelp us in our evangelistic work. cial life. Instead of being uprooted from their The Gospel, it is true, needs no vindication. natural environment their social heritage was Once it is given a chance in the lives of men it Christianized, while they lived in the same homes proves itself, and its validity is recognized, but as before, carried on the same occupations, and the method of presentng the Gospel is a very dif- met much the same people, yet things were differ- ferent matter; after the experience of the past ent. The homes were transformed, they worked hundred years it is surely evident that we must from different motives, and their relationships to all face anew how we are to preach the Gospel in others were new; a different standard of life came Moslem lands. into the community through the coming of Christ.

The Nineteenth Century missionary expansion While such people found by personal conversion was marked by a strong emphasis on individual- the way to God, yet they moved together, families ism. Personal conversion was the note struck; were baptized, and communities received into the evangelistic missions sought to pluck men as faith.

brands from the burning. No one who knows This contrast requires careful and detailed in- Christ as his Saviour and Lord would' wish to vestigation. Is the cause of unsatisfactory con- weaken the appeal for personal conversion, but it verts in Moslem lands due to the break up of their must be admitted that there are other factors to be social environment? If so, may it not be equally considered. Moslem converts in many cases have true that a wrong method has hindered the whole proved to be utterly unsatisfactory. Curiously progress of the Gospel. Some years ago in a vil- enough a normal Moslem often became an eccen- lage in the Near East a large number of Moslem tric Christian. Missionaries labored to win that . families asked for baptism. When I met them it convert and when he was baptized disillusionment was obvious that some were thinking of Chris- set in. Instead of fitting into his new surround- tianity in terms of "loaves and fishes," but others ings, often he proved to be restless and required seemed to be genuinely sincere. Once the news a great deal of nursing. When discipline was even leaked out great pressure was brought to bear by mildly applied he would fling off in a temper, re- the Moslems to prevent these men from becoming nounce Christianity and go back to Islam. Most Christians. Large bribes were offered if they missionaries in the Near East have had this ex- would remain Moslems. In the end .some went perience; but they have pegged away through back to Islam, but others accepted Christ. Now heart-breaking disappointments always hoping the point of this is that while the missionaries did that things would change and that a better type emphasize personal conversion the converts came of convert would appear, as in fact he did from forward as families. They lived on as before in time to time. their own village and tilled their land. They were The problem is not due to any failure of the sufficiently numerous to remain as a community Gospel, nor indeed to lack of faithfulness in the in the village. Instead of being driven from house missionaries. The Message has been honestly pre- and hQme, ostracized and disinherited, they con- tinued in their old homes which now became sented to Moslems. A certain number have be- Christian. Here the difficulties experienced so come Christians but many were failures. These often, of abnormal converts, did not appear beare the facts. What is the answer? A survey of cause in becoming Christian they still preserved the Moslem world shows that in the Dutch East Indies, and to a certain extent in Persia, this un- their social heritage.

satisfactory result does not obtain. If we examine This line of argument raises several still bigger the social environment of the converts, I believe issues. The old method of missionary work was that we shall find that, through the process of con- mainly an attack upon Islam as wrong and on the version, we have uprooted the Moslem, torn him prophet as false in his claims, and by comparison from hi'! QWn. ~pciftl Jif~ aIld transplanted him a pre~~nt~tioJl Qf Chri~t as th~ only true Saviour,

THE CHRISTIAN APPROACH TO MOSLEMS

The second half of this is all right. We believe similar experiences that Moslems claim to have. Christ to be the only Saviour, but by contrasting This may be illustrated frQm the eighth century Mohammed with Christ missionaries have created in Khurasan, where a young prince had a remarkin Moslem minds an antagonism to Christ. Instead able vision. He was out hunting one day when he of a Moslem agreeing that Christ was superior he heard a heavenly voice calling him from the purrather felt a kind of suppressed grievance against suit of pleasure to the service of God. This vision Him. Thus a wrong impression was created and came to him three times and at the third appeara missionary found himself in the prejudiced at- ance he fell to the ground and gave his life to mosphere, which frequently led to a heated debate. God's service. He then walked across to a shep- As the situation hardened the controversial herd near by and exchanged his clothes and horse method became a very common 'One in missionary for the shepherd's woolen garments; without propaganda. Argument led to counter argument, funds or material resources he set out on pilgrimand attack to counter attack, until the atmosphere age to Mecca. was so strained that it was impossible to sit down quietly and to explain the Christian message with- Missionaries need to study more the meaning out at once being involved in a bitter wrangle. of Islam because the root idea of complete sur- render to God contains a truth no Christian can lIo~ VVin nlosleDls? afford to neglect. Moslem mystics glory in the will of God and the strength of their position is How can I approach the Moslem without an- this acceptance of whatever God sends as right. tagonizing him? First, I must understand his Too often we have used the Koran simply for purpoint of view, his spiritual aspirations, and what poses of controversy, forgetting that it does conreligion means to him. We often hear it said that tain the spiritual pilgrimage of one who started Moslem prayers are a matter of words and for- with undoubted sincerity and who wrought a refmula because certain prayers are memorized and ormation in his own land such as no one either repeated five times a day. If therefore, as a Chris- before or since has ever been able to accomplish. tian, I talk about prayer to a Moslem and at the The strength of Mohammed was not merely milisame time believe that he has no real prayer life, tary prowess. He hammered out in the desert a I start from a prejudice and an assumption which conception of God that carried the Arabs to will make fellowship with Moslems impossible. I heights previously unattained, as he described God have heard Moslems pray extemporaneously, with as the Eternal, the Great, the Glorious. He drew no set form, with every evidence of intensity and men to religion by saying, "Whichever way ye reality. Here is what one Moslem lays down as a turn there is the face of God." He said: "All on rule about prayer: earth shall pass away, but the face of thy God shall abide resplendent with majesty and glory." Before the time of prayer comes the servant must be in a state of meditation and recollection, free from wander- Whatever may be our attitude toward Islam, we ing thoughts and considerations, and the remembrance of cannot help a Moslem unless we are really honest aught save God alone. Those who enter thus upon prayer in our approach. If we trade upon his ignorance from the heart, intent only upon God, will proceed from of either his or our faith, if we fail to see the eleprayer to prayer in that same state of recollection, and ments of truth and reality in his religion, if we will remain therein long after they have ceased to pray. condemn him and his faith when we do not know it enough to pass judgment upon it, we are not There is here a depth of insight into the meaning of prayer that could at once form common honest. ground between Christians and Moslems for a There is a Christian way of approach to the sharing of mutual experiences in prayer. Why should not our approach to the Moslem be by the Moslem which is noncontroversial, where we value road of prayer, by beginning with quiet and medi- all that is good in his faith and appreciate the tation, by a remembrance of the name of God, so spiritual values it contains. We need not give up that there may be between us a spiritual affinity any Christian convictions, nor need we deny our which would make discussion easy. own faith to recognize a value in his. We can well begin by learning from the Moslems, by shar- Again can we not appreciate more the teaching ing our spiritual experiences with them in such a of Islam on spiritual things? The Sufis have much way as to enable them to share their experiences in their writings that is curiously like parts of the with us. We may find much common ground in New Testament. One writer says, "The Sufi is our prayer lives, in our worship and in our conone whose heart is pure toward God"; another ceptions of God. How surprised many of us misaffirms that "Sufism is enmity to the world and sionaries would be if, when preaching about the love to the Lord." indwelling of Christ in our hearts, we heard some- one say, "I gazed into my own heart. There I As Christians we rightly place great importance saw Him. He was nowhere else." upon the need of a personal spiritual experience of God. It would help us to study more carefully Yet this comes from a Moslem. Often when we

get closer to the mystic we find a religious toler- earnest Moslems let us not forget that the witness ance that puts some Christians to shame. There of the Spirit ultimately always leads to Christ.

is a saying: "0 Lord, none but Thyself can No man can say, "Jesus Christ is Lord," but by fathom Thee; yet every mosque and church doth the Spirit. If we depend more upon the Spirit, harbour Thee." and realize that God is at work in the Moslem Where 9.oes all this lead us? Not to any form world, we shall see our task in new proportions.

of syncretism, but to a new sense of the values of We shall be content to let our lives be as living all truth, even where that is found in another seed. ,We shall not fret if converts are few at the . faith. It leads us ultimately to Christ who, in the moment. We shall not worry if men call Mo- end, must be the Crown of Islam. We lose nothing hammed, prophet. We shall see Christ supreme by recognizing broken lights of Him who is the and alive, seeking to break through in spiritual Light of the World. We do not diminish Christ's revelation and power into the lives of men. As glory when we see how God illumines every man the living truth works in the hearts, we shall see coming into the world. It is true, as St. Paul hasl men and women discovering a new meaning to said, "God has not left Himself without witness." life, as they learn that Islam must involve not only If we see evidence of the witness of the Spirit in surrender to God, but to God revealed in Jesus some of the teaching of Islam and in the lives of Christ.

A FEW FAOTS ABOUT ISLAM Islam, more than most religions, reflects the personality of its founder, Mohammed. He was born in Mecca, near the western coast of Arabia, about 570 A. D. When he was about forty years of age, he had a series of experiences which he interpreted as visions from God.

These ordered him to attack the idolatry and worldliness of his fellow citizens, and to proclaim one supreme God and a day of judgment. Converts at first gathered slowly, and they were subject to persecution.

In 622 A. D., the Hijrah, or Flight to Medina, took place, from which the Moslem calendar came to be reckoned. In Medina, Mohammed soon became head of the community and ruler as well as prophet. At the time of his death, in 632 A. D., not only Medina, but Mecca and practically the whole of Arabia, had accepted his doctrines.

The sayings of Mohammed, which are believed to have been dictated word for word to him by the Angel Gabriel, were later gathered together and they constitute the Koran. This scrIp- ture is divided into Suras, or chapters, arranged roughly according to length rather than in any chronological order. The Koran is the Bible of Islam, considered verbally infallible. Since it is often obscure, and since it failed to prescribe conduct or attitudes to be observed in subse- quent situations that arose, it was early supplemented by Traditions as to what Mohammed said or did under various circumstances. These rules of conduct were, in time, codified into legal systems.

The five principal observances of Islam are: (1) the recitation of the creed-"There is no God but God, and Mohammed is his Prophet"; (2) worship, the set forms of prayer which are to be performed five times a day; (3) alms, a certain proportion of the income being pre- scribed from those of means for the benefit of the poor; (4) fasting from sunrise to sunset during the Ramadan; (5) malting the Haj, or pilgrimage, to Mecca once in a lifetime by those who are able.

Among various prohibitions are intoxicants, usury, making of images, and games of chance. On the other hand, Mohammed's relations with women led him to permit four legal wives as well as concubines, and to recommend the seclusion of women. The Jihad, or war against countries controlled by unbelievers, has always been considered a duty. As in other religions, these observances have been much relaxed in practice.

In the first century of its existence Islam split into two principal sects, the Sunni, which is in the majority in most Moslem countries, and the Shia, containing the bulk of Persians, about half of Iraq, and smaller communities in other lands. In addition to these, there have been many other sects. _ Moslem theology has emphasized the unity and power of God, and has been especially severe on anything that seemed like polytheism or idolatry. At the same time saint worship has been quite general; there is also much superstition, together with mystical or emotional exercises.-Quoted from "The Moslem Faces the Future," by T. H. P. Sailer.

Reactions to the

By JAMES HALDANE, Mazagan, Morocco -.•~ Southern Morocco Mission; Author of "Missionary Romance in Morocco," "Morocco in Mufti," etc.

W HEN we present the Gospel of Christ to tion and have the means at their disposal to carry individual Moslems we find them reacting the effort to a climax.

to our message in a variety of attitudes Jeremiah, and other Hebrew prophets, acted and tempers. When the reaction is born of fa- sometimes in' strange manner with a view to exnaticism the man allows you the utterance of only citing their audience into a listening mood, and a few sentences, after which there is a manifesta- employed what we might call a sanctified guile to tion of petulence, rising to passion and finding its grip hearts which could not be reached by ordiclimax in vociferation and whirling gestures. The man's mind is infested with vitiated religious sentiments which, when stirred by an element that opposes them, make the body a medium for their manifestation and produce a condition akin to madness. In the presence of such a man the missionary is confronted with the question of what means he must employ to exercise these exorbitant religious notions from the mind where they are lodged.

Let it be said with emphasis that, whatever A MOSLEM "HOLY MAN'S" HABITATION IN MOROCCO attitude we take towards the fanatic, whatever means we employ to deal with such malady, it nary means. Let me give an instance – one of must be based on sympathy. A display of irrita- many used in my work among Moors-to illustrate tion, an exhibition of caustic temper or rancor, the method. far from mitigating the evil, will aggravate it. A movement from the basis of sympathy to attack I was dealing with a small group of men while religious enormities and delusions, as manifested a number of others, who were merely spectators, by the fanatic, does not imply an unsteady tread sat beside us. There was a wild scene in which suggestive of fear and helplessness. It means reason was caged and rowdyism became rampant. that we are approaching with love and under- I tried everything within the range of ordinary standing a victim who has been born and reared methods used to calm them into a listening attiunder the glare of superstition and religious in- tude but all in vain. I was faced with the alternafatuations, one who has come under the impact of tive of doing something unusual to overcome this a single idea which drives him past all other con- devastating display of fanaticism, or abandoning siderations. these men as hopeless material. I decided to imi- In deaJing with such men it may be necessary to adopt an attitude of silence, at least until some of their fierceness has subsided. In some instances one may detect, seeping through the crevices of a disordered mind, an occasional show of intelligence which casts a passing gleam upon the countenance. Just at that moment one may be able to shoot in a word like an arrow that will find its mark, touch the reason and stimulate it to accept the challenge of a new line of thought. And on occasion fanaticism may be countered by cajolery. But this experiment should not be tried by any but those who, through long contact with the peopIe among whom they labor, understand the situa- [471 ]

tate the Hebrew prophets. Taking off my boot, as if he were afraid that the usual tone of voice ignoring my audience as if it did not exist, I filled would be an interruption. With this show of init with stones. These I shook inside the boot, tense earnestness he lures the preacher on, and emptied them out and filled the boot again. With just at the moment when we are ready to urge his a show of much earnestness this process was kept surrender to Christ he riSes up, draws his fingers up for sometime. Their interest was directed into through his beard, shakes the dust from his gara new channel; they could not understand what I ments, exclaims in a loud voice, "There is no God was doing and were astonished that I had so easily but Allah and Mohammed is His prophet," and tripped away from a serious theological discus- strides away with an air of triumph. sion into the trivial business of shaking stones inside a boot. Their curiosity mounted until it could In some of our meetings, within doors and in no longer be curbed: the open, we have an audience that has come to- gether by consent to extract some pleasurable ex- "Whatever are you doing?" they asked. citement by engaging the foreign preacher in argument. On one occasion a number of young A VISIT TO MOSLEM BEDOUIN fellows came tumbling into my meeting for this purpose. As clearly as if the words had been "You are all acting like madmen and I deter- chiselled on their foreheads I read, "Weare here mined to help you ollt,~' T replied. for fun." I put away my Bible, erected the black- board, put down a sum in addition and invited This had the desired effect for it suddenly struck anyone in the company to come forward, take the them that their vociferation and whirling move- chalk and do the sum. Several came forward and ments were, in the circumstances, as foolish and attempted to add the figures but no one added futile as shaking stones in a boot. Then at my them correctly. invitation they squatted on the ground and together we examined calmly the message of Jesus. "If ever you are to rise above being water car- riers and laborers you must learn to count," I said. Another type we meet is the man who reacts to our message with a cunning camouflage, whose So we continued the exercise until they became aim is to humiliate the missionary. He makes a greatly interested and some could add up figures show of much earnestness and on occasion will before we finished. I invited them to return the sway his body to emphasize his concern for his following week to learn subtraction. soul. At the mention of forgiveness through Jesus Christ he will stare with the surprise of one who "This is the way into an office and a good job," has just made a great discovery. And as the I heard them say as they talked among themselves. story unfolds he will say in a whisper, "Proceed," They were so pleased with their progress that they all shook hands with me before taking their de- parture.

The following week they walked into my meet- ing, some of them with copy books and pencils. We put simple subtraction problems on the board. Interest reached a climax when some of the more intelligent ones were able to find the solution to what I had put down. At this juncture I wrote on the board: ADD TOGETHER: FORMAL PRAYERS, FASTS, LUST, LOVE OF THE WORLD.

SUBTRACT: DEATH.

RESULT: NOTHING.

What a discovery this was! Addition and sub- traction could be applied to theology.

Again this problem: ADD TOGETHER: SIN AND ITS CONSEQUENCES.

SUBTRACT: – THE REDEMPTION OF JESUS'

CHRIST.

RESULT: FORGIVENESS AND ETERNAL LIFE.

This proved to be the beginning of an interest- ing work among those young fellows, some of

MOSLEM REACTIONS TO THE GOSPEL

whom continued· to attend my Bible class for that, if he gives Christianity a trial and it does not years. fulfil expectations, he may find the doors of the Then there is the polite man, the person who fold he has left barred against him. He wants to wishes to be courteous and who would treat an make an experiment with a new faith, for he is outburst of antagonism from any religious quar- deeply conscious of the inadequacy of Islam to ter as an outrage against good manners. When provide the assurance of pardon that he seeks.

we introduce our Gospel to this type there is no He is like a man who, dissatisfied with the job he display of opposition and almost no evidence of interest. He simply allows you to talk on, and says, "Yes," to everything. He is like a man who, busy with his own thoughts, will occasionally make a remark to the child that chatters by his side just to show that he is not displeased at its interrup- tions, although he finds nothing in its chatter to be cherished as valuable information. When we have given our Message and ask this man what he thinks of it, and what attitude he is going to take towards Jesus, he skirts the issue by inviting us to drink tea, or by diverting attention in some way calculated to close the subject.

What are we to do with that sort of man? Va- rious methods may be employed in an effort to awaken real interest in him. I give one example: "Well, let's go inside and drink tea now," said my Moslem friend after I had made a serious en- deavor to point him to Christ. We sat down to sip tea and I put this question to him: "I'm interested in Islam; what steps would I be required to take if I decided to become a Mos- lem ?"

The question gripped him and he began to teach me with much solemnity. He had gone far when I injected extraneous matter.

"Are your shoes made of leather or cloth?" I inquired.

He talked on and every now and then I inter- jected some trivial question and gazed around me indifferently. He became annoyed and said: "You are not listening."

"It doesn't matter, just go on," I replied. There was a spell of silence and then I asked: "Do you consider me a bad listener?"

"You certainly are," came the quiet reply.

"Do you know who taught me to listen badly?"

"Say who?"

"The gentleman who sat with me outside the A MOSLEM FANATIC IN MOROCCO door a little time ago." has, would fain go out and search for another, but "So you are taking revenge?" he said with a is afraid that should his quest fail his present em- ployer might not take him back. grin. "N0, only trying to teach you a lesson."

A more interesting, as well as more hopeful, In dealing with this type, which is common type is the man who has a real interest in spiritual enough, rush tactics do not succeed. In exalting matters and who is willing to make some real sac- the capital doctrine of the agency of the Holy rifice to reach the assurance that there is a way Spirit in dealing with such men we must not over- to obtain God's forgiveness, an offer of Eternal look the means of patience and instruction from Life. But there are difficulties in the way. The the missionary's side. To expect such a man, man is encumbered by an imaginative ignorance whose mind is sodden with superstition and that dogs his steps the moment he steps out to cramped from bold thinking by ignorance, to take meet Christ. He is embarrassed with the fear one long stride towards the objective we place be-

fore him is rather too much. He states his need, types enumerated above, gathered in a meeting shows interest in the Gospel message, but shies at where the Gospel is to be preached with a view to the suggestion that he should pass immediately their conversion. Our aim is to gain a hearing over the chasm that separates Islam and Chris- from them all. It would simplify matters if one tianity. Every time the man is forced forward could separate them according to their class, and he reacts with caution. present the Gospel in a manner calculated to meet the particular needs of each section, but this is HIGHIDR CLASS MOSLIDMS OF MOROCCO rarely possible. We must take the audience as we find it. In an effort to arouse the indifferent from their torpor we may say something that will un- sheath the passions of the fanatic and so have a tumult before the meeting is well begun. Or if we stress the finality of the cross of Christ as a means of taking away sin we are likely to hear the muffled rumblings of some who consider it is their duty to counter this teaching by repetitions of Islam's creed. These cross-currents will in turn disturb the polite section of our meeting whose only desire is to conduct themselves in a proper manner, and who would probably rise up and go out if there was any sign of rowdyism.

To place such a meeting in the hands of an in- experienced missionary is to do an injustice to our cause. Some will say: "Preach the Gospel and leave it at that. Let them all have the pure Gospel: there our responsibility ends."

The fact is one considers the Gospel to be such a blessed thing, and such consequences hang upon its presentation, that it is felt to be a kind of sacrilege to offer it to a rabble.

In a meeting of the type I am describing there are two factors which determine what results will be produced. In the first place there is the factor of atmosphere; the missionary's first business is to create one that will harmonize with the exalted theme he desires to present. This cannot be One more type is the man who meets all our – approaches with deadly indifference. In extreme cases we are almost made to feel that we are A HILARIOUS GROUP INTERVIEWING A MISSIONARY speaking to a corpse! The man can be turned from one position to another, rolled over from achieved by a process of shouting and pounding. one doctrine to another, without showing interest What means, then, must we use to create an ator resistance. There was a half silly man who mosphere worthy of a serious undertaking such as lived in our village in the days of my boyhood. presenting the issues of life and death as con- We used to tease him. He had enough sense to tained in the message of the New Testament? look after a cow but little more.

"Ah, Geordi," we would say, "did you give the cow a drink?" "Yes," he replied. Of course there would not be any water in the pail. We would continue. "No," he would reply naively. That silly teasing comes back to my mind almost every time I meet the Moslem type I am now dealing with. He answers "yes" and "no," according as we suggest, no matter how contradictory the replies may be.

Now think of fifty Moslems, a mixture of the

The answer is: a vigorous and proper use of The second factor is, motive. I have not space the native tongue of one's audience. There is no to develop this point. The most ignorant audience, substitute for this. Accent is not a serious handi- not to speak of those on a higher level, is concerned cap, but to flounder about in a sea of foreign words with the motive of the preacher. This concern is is simply to tickle or irritate an audience accord- born, not of analysis but of instinct. There is an ing to its mood. An easy flow of language, studied instinctive feeling of enquiry in every audience and correct, has a tremendous effect. If one can we face as to the motive of our preaching. That is prove to the listeners that he has not only an easy why many missionaries will not develop any phase flow of their language, but also an understanding of work where money comes into play. Mercenary of its underlying significance and subtleties, the motives may easily be attributed, by primitive chances are in his favor for getting a good hear- people, to money transactions accompanying Gos-' ing. Sale points out in his introduction to the pel services. (See the New Testament on this Koran that the success of that book is due in no subject.) small measure to the jingle of its words. The opening chapter of the Koran, when well read, My aim here is to show that natives are consounds like the jingling of bells. If, then, we find stantly watching our motives, and unless we can the atmosphere in a meeting unsuited to our mes- convince them that all our work springs from the sage, we must not imagine that we are false to our motive of love, we labor in vain. That is why a mission if we introduce some extraneous matter warning about sin and its consequences, a referfor the purpose of getting the proper conditions ence to the futility of Islam or an exposure of its established. Here is a method I have employed contradictions should never be carried out with times without number when faced with a meeting any show of triumph, lest we give the impression difficult to handle: that our aim is to score points. Even when en- gaged in disputation, as must sometimes happen, The audience is a mixed multitude-antagon- our words should be the breathing of love. Livism, hilarity, indifference and suspicion surge ingstone's achievements among primitive Afrithrough the atmosphere, and one detects an effort cans were due, almost solely, to this fact: he conon the part of some to scuttle the meeting. To in- vinced them, not merely that he was an honest troduce Jesus Christ in this atmosphere would be man or a good man, but that he loved Africa and to give them the very opportunity they desire to its people intensely. wreck the meeting, for it would present the object for attack. Much to their surprise the preacher With these two factors-a suitable atmosphere, claims only that there is one God and He has no and divine love in our hearts to supply the impetus partners. The next step is to show that all the for all our work-we may say, even when statistics good things we receive in this life are from His deny their support, the faithful missionary of hand. A sense of reverence asserts itself, for this Christ "shall doubtless come again rejoicing is what they all believe. The next step is to show bringing his sheaves with him." that many of the boons that reach us, coming from God, do so through the medium of our own DISTRIBUTION OF MOSLEMS labors, as for instance when we plough. "That," we say, "is why it is a good thing to have a trade." By GOVERNMENTS We then introduce lines from one of their own poets. This creates interest. There is now an Total Moslems in the world-about ……. . 240,000,000 atmosphere of reverence and interest. We quote Moslems under British rule (including Egypt) 94,000,000 the lines again and again: Moslems under other Western Governments ., 94,000,000 Moslems under MQslem Governments ……. . 38,000,000 Mal jiddeen A parent's legacy Moslems under other Eastern Governments ., 14,400,000 Yiteem; Will finish hastily; DISTRIBUTION-BY CONTINENTS Ma yibka All will fade Khir snaa Except the trade America-North and South …………… . 130,000 Australia and Islands ……………….. . 1,030,000 Yideen. You handle daily. Europe and Soviet Russia …………….. . 12,000,000 Africa ……………………………. . 53,000,000 It may be said that there is no Gospel in this. Asia and Malaysia ………………….. . 154,000,000 True; and there is no Gospel in a banner, a bell or a band. Yet these are constantly in use in INTERESTING HISTORICAL DATA Christian work for the purpose of creating interest and a proper atmosphere preliminary to intro- Birth of Mohammed, 570 A. D. Death of Mohammed, ducing the Gospel. I have a whole collection of 632 A.D. Moslem poems, proverbs and stories which I use almost daily in my meetings, for the same purpose Hejira (Mohammed's flight from Mecca), 622 A. D. as I use low gear in my automobile; that is, to get Battle of Tours (defeat in West Europe), 732 A. D. Moslems driven from Spain (by Ferdinand II), 1492. a start. Capture of Constantinople by the Turks-1453 A. D. Young Turks proclaim new Constitution-1908 A. D. End Qf the Caliphate (Turkey), 1924 A. D. Religious freedom in Iran (Persia), 1925 A. D.

Moslems for

By REV. JOHN VAN ESS, D.D., Basrah, Iraq Missionary of the Reformed Church in America THE objective of missionary work is to bring With this as my creed, I go back tomorrow to Moslems to a saving knowledge of Christ. my school. It is the last week of my twenty-fifth But what is "a saving knowledge"? Is bap- year as a teacher of Arabs. For twenty years this tism of converts the criterion of success? Christian school was on the crest of a wave of popularity. Being the first in this region, it has Salvation is assuredly not merely a "ticket into educated or at least vitally touched about three the ark," so to speak. To "accept Christ" is not thousand young Arabs. Each of these has met merely to assent to the formula "Christ died for Cl).rist or heard His message in the vernacular my sins." Our Lord's constant emphasis on the from my own lips, months and years on end, in Kingdom implies a King and an organization, with systematic and progressive Bible study. Hundreds laws, implied strife and victory. This Kingdom of these young men have been absorbed into the begins on earth but will be an eternal Kingdom as political and economic life of the land, and you its King is eternal. When a man is saved, there- can count on the fingers of two hands those who fore, he is saved not so much "from" as "unto"- have definitely gone bad. I can explain it only on unto Life, unto obedience, to fruitfulness, to har- the assumption that the light of Christ has somemony, to eventual and complete adjustment to how produced a change on the film of their heart God. The Cross is not merely a tragic drama on and thought life. Calvary on a Friday afternoon in a city in Palestine. We read of the "Lamb slain from the foun- And now has come nationalism. The Iraq Govdation of the world," of the Word that was in the ernment, in its youthful exuberance, is establishbeginning with God, that was God. The Cross was ing schools of all grades everywhere. They are eternally in the heart of God; Calvary was its good schools, well equipped and staffed. They tragic demonstration in time. The Atonement has have behind them all the prestige and resources of a gigantic sweep, far wider than the salvation of the Government. There are many respects in a confessed minority. The Atonement is a process which, pedagogically speaking, I do not agree with of divine dimensions, a process that began with the system. But the Government has the right to God's eternal purpose of good, reached its supreme decide its own objective and to formulate its own demonstration on Golgotha, and was consummated method. In a missionary school I cannot compete on Easter morning. "If Christ be not raised, ye with the Government on its own ground, nor are yet in your sins." should 1. Two summers ago, driving along a coun- try road in Michigan, I asked a farmer, "Where So I do not visualize myself as standing on a does this road go?" He replied, "Stranger, if you dock with a boat-hook, desperately grasping at follow it long enough, this road will lead you to the souls that come rushing by. According to my the cemetery." As Christians we are often in Lord's precept and example I work for individuals, danger of going up the road to a mental cemetery, but all the time I am conscious that those whom I where lie the dead bones of dead controversies. may miss do not "drift beyond His love and care." As missionaries we are in danger of going up the Above the din and clatter of my clumsy efforts I road to a cemetery of method, if not of message. hear Christ say "I have overcome the world"- The famous Dr. Abraham Kuyper of Amsterdam the cosmos. And so I visualize the world, the said, "The fault of the Church is not that she made whole cosmic order, the whole social, economic, creeds, but that she stopped making creeds." political, as well as the religious set-up, as being brought into obedience unto Him. Anything else As a missionary educator, I am closing a chap- is defeatism and defeatism is treason. Pro rege is ter of twenty-five years, with no regrets, and with. the device on my banner. pleasantest memories, grateful that it has been my privilege to be a pathfinder, and looking around Physical death, then, can no longer be a cri- for new fields to enter and new paths to open. I terion of anything either to me or the Moslem. am deliberately cutting out the top of my tree, so My missionary work is only a beginning, and in- to speak, gradually eliminating the high school deed will never stop. Christ promised a Life that grades, and concentrating on the depressed classes now is and spoke of death that ceases to be.

[476 ] who comprise about two-thirds of the population. outside of myself, illuminating the whole and shed- They do not come within the perimeter of the offi- ding its power over myself and my pupils. But cial vision, and will not do so for a generation. there is the phenomenon. They are desperately poor but they are desperately in earnest. Their economic condition does not For years and years I had tried to present allow them to remain in school more than six years Christ to the Arab boys: His life, His Cross, His at the most, after which they must return to their salvation. A young American, fresh from college, villages or to their former economic plane, equip- with the light of heaven in his eye and the smile ped, we trust, to lift up that plane to a higher level. of God on his face, came to join me for a short Any higher education I leave to the government term. For fifteen months he taught the boys, lived schools which admittedly qualify only for govern- with them, played with them, brothered them. ment jobs and already have reached the point of Then, by an accident, God took him. The boys besupersaturation. Out of the morass of this little' gan to come to me and say, "Sir, now we underproblem I leave the government to struggle as best stand what you have been trying to teach us about it may. God; how He made Himself visible, and lived among us, and suffered with us, and died for us. And so, after a quarter of a century, I stand We have seen it in Mr. Raymond. That is what again where I stood at the beginning. I am again God did." I awoke to the fact that we cannot teaching small boys in simple subjects, and am make men hear the Atonement; we must make back in the daily irritations of discipline and routine. One of my former colleagues, a man of wide men see it. reputation, said to me: "Van Ess, I thought you had it in you to put up a college in Iraq." To I am quite unruffled by government competition which I replied, "I am really prouder of the fact and by decreased appropriations. Indeed, the dethat I had it in me not to put up a college in Iraq." With the rise of nationalism, missionary colleges pression and the consequent cuts have made me are being forced to the wall. India may be an ex- cut out a lot of underbrush, so that I can now see ception, though in the new constitution lurk the path more plainly. Even the casual remarks ominous obstacles. That they have done a splen- of well-meaning friends that the school seems to did service is undoubtedly true but how much be going backward, does not sting anymore. As room there remains for them is a serious question. But there remains a great deal of room at the a matter of fact, there is a far greater percentage bottom. This to my mind is the great challenge of Moslems in the school than ever before, and all to missionary educators today. The greatest con- available space is filled. "Why are most of your tribution we missionary educators can make is not boys barefoot?" asked a government inspector. in the doing of big things in a comparatively small "Why do all the barefoot boys come to me 7" I way, but in the doing of little things in a big way. answered. For that task we need all the mentality, and all the education and all the experience, and all the Where now does all this fit into my pretentious manhood, and all the linguistic ability, and all the creed? Next door to my house is an electric powerhumility, and all the spiritual equipment we can station. Into one end is fed the crude oil; out of command. When the world's proletariat awakes, the other end comes that strange, invisible, potent within the next generation, as it inevitably must, fluid called electricity. The cause is not at all will men, by that time, be familiar with us and commensurate with the result. The only function our message and our Lord, or will they, as in of the crude oil has been to be consumed. Some- Russia, revolt against Christianity that has cham- where along the line, in the dynamo in fact, it has pioned the rights of the privileged classes? If been transformed into energy. It is carried miles one great truth of the Cross of Christ is, in Jesus' away to the wharves where it raises heavy burown words, "I have power to lay down my life dens and lights dark streets and houses. I cannot, and I have power to take it again," surely we dis- and we cannot by education or any other method, ciples can best preach that Cross in our own daily change the world. But we can be consumed, willhumiliation. I, for one, wish to bear witness to ingly, humbly, gladly, for our efforts are made dythe compensation that comes from a humble effort namic in the Cross. "I fill up on my part that in that direction. which is lacking of the afflictions of Christ in my flesh." During the past year I have had a daily experience, which you may explain as you like but which Anyone who knew Turkey before the World is, none-the-Iess, intensely real. As I teach the War knows that there was not one ray of light Gospel lessons to class after class, lessons which I on the horizon of missionary work among Moshave taught literally hundreds of times, a shaft of lems. In five short years, what happened? The light seems to come from somewhere, certainly Caliphate was abrogated, the Sultan was expelled, and a republic was established; Islam was dis- established, womanhood was emancipated, suf- frage was made universal. The Turkish revolution came like a bolt from the blue. I have heard

famous professors of international affairs confess innovations, which seemed impossible a decade or their inability to explain it. It seems plain to me, two ago, are rapidly being realized. however. For eighty years the American missionaries had been working in Turkey, and prayers, Another innovation, the lawfulness of which the tears, the sighs, the labors, the gifts of God's has been hotly contested, is the translation of the people were consumed for Turkey. They were Koran into English. After a lengthy debate in the made dynamic in the eternal Cross of Christ; the secular press, the Government and the leaders of energy was banked up behind the barrage of God's reform have gotten round the difficulty by affirmpurpose until in His own time He let it loose on ing that while the Koran can never be translated Turkey, and something more had to happen. into any other language, what is now being at- tempted is to translate the teaching of the Book A couple of generations ago a young Chinese especially for the benefit of the English-speaking lad named Sun Yat Sen learned in a mission school peoples. The large increase of religious articles in Honolulu the three uniquely Christian prin- and debates in the secular press, both Arabic and ciples: Liberty, Democracy, Social Justice; today English, is another noticeable development, and if China is in the throes of a new birth. And so it to this we add the broadcasting of the chanting of is in India, and I believe in Russia. To me the the Koran several times a day, while Christians great and humiliating fact about Russia is that the are not allowed to broadcast even a reading of the Church has let Communism steal her thunder of Scripture, we get an idea of the strength of the demanding social justice. propaganda that is being daily carried on.

From the segment of a circle we can tell from The remarkable growth in Egypt of Moslem rethe degree of curvature, not only how big the ligious societies to further the teaching of Islam circle is but where the center is. And everywhere from every aspect impresses itself upon Christian in the round world today we can see the segments residents. The most active of these is the Young being filled in, all centering in Christ, a gigantic Men's Moslem Association. It is a regular centre sweep, a stupendous Kingdom of Divine dimen- of political and religious intrigue. The same sions. spread is also noticeable in the Islamic periodicals and magazines, which are distributed far· and So I go back to my little school tomorrow, con- wide, even in the remotest villages. This new fident of contributing a small but none the less a movement has even reached the neglected southern real part to one segment, and overwhelmed by a European Moslems, and very recently these held sense of unutterable privilege. How many bap- a Moslem conference in Geneva, so that they tisms? A greater missionary than any of us said: should not be left behind in the reforms. Needless "Christ sent me not to baptize but to preach." to say, Islam is being interpreted now-a-days in terms of Christian doctrine. MODERN REFORMS IN ISLAM The agitation of the Feminist Movement against The disintegration of Islam is true only in a plurality of marriage, the prevalence of divorce very qualified sense. The old and primitive type (at present 47 per cent), and the neglect of chilof Islam is giving way to a new form of teaching dren is but like a voice crying in the wilderness, and to an interpretation in line with modern which soon dies in the arid air of Islam. The Western ideas and philosophy. This new move- greatest hindrance to Arab advance and the ment carries with it the vitality and momentum of spread of Islam has been hitherto the wide diveryouth, accompanied with the zeal, if not fanati- gence of views and the animosities among the difcism, of the old Islam, so that, in a very real sense, ferent states, but the Alliance recently signed there is revival in Islam. among all the Arab states and with Egypt joining them, presents a united Islamic front. This revival is most in evidence in Egypt, which is taking the lead among Moslem countries. It Islam is essentially a primitive religion, a fact has actually carried along with it the great centre of which all the leaders boast -and emphasize on of Islamic learning, the Azhar University, that all occasions; no wonder if we see it breaking immobile institution which has for the last thou- down under the demands of modern progress and sand years defied any scheme of reform. The cur- civilization; they are trying to reconstruct it riculum of the University now demands the study along modern lines. It will remain to be seen of science along European lines, and of modern whether such external reforms will prove the relanguages. Promising students have even been vival or the death of Islam.–Condensed from an sent to European universities, and other startling article by an Egyptian Christian in Egypt, "Gen- eral M-vssion News," 1936.

PATIENTS AT A WAYSIDE DISPENSARY IN

A Christian Doctor Among Moslems By PAUL HARRISON, M.D., Muscat, Arabia Missionary of the Reformed Church in America ~~N0. ' I DO NOT believe in forcing religion with God. I have never met a missionary who was down people's throats. I believe in med- foolish enough to suppose that a man could be ical missions though." forced into Christian faith, nor wicked enough to More mistakes it would be hard to put into two attempt it.

sentences. Ordinary missionaries force religion And if any have illusions as to the redemptive upon the sensitive innocence of the unprotected, capacity of Atebrin pills, and Elastoplast band- whereas the medical missionary who has re- ages, and Davis and Geck sutures, the medical mis- nounced the Devil and all his works, redeems them sionary has none. Men with their hernias skill- with pills, plasters, and catgut sutures. fully repaired, stab their neighbors just as fero- Neither the minister nor his medical colleague ciously in the bazaar, and marry their fourth wife, is so foolish. None of us try to force anything on a baby of twelve, with just as animal a glitter in anybody. Those who are willing, we introduce to their eyes, as they did before. None watch the Jesus Christ, with as deep and discriminating an dreadful pageant of human ignorance, and sin and introduction as desire anct background make pos- suffering, with quite so deep and terrible an under- sible. Christ's contact with them depends even standing as the doctor, none know so well as he, more on the depth of our surrender to Him, and that the wages of sin is death, and before it is the radiance of our daily walk in His company. death, it is disease.

In the affairs of the spirit coercion is poison. Be- And so the medical missionary thanks God with fore us always is the beauty of Christ's example, all his heart that he is as other men are; i. e., an as He led free men into a redeeming fellowship evangelist whose life object is to bring Christ to 479

those who need Him. Ignorance has crippled the afternoon, in the hospital courtyard, and on weekmen whom Mohammed captured so many years day evenings they saw Christ on the Cross through ago. Sin has overcome them. Their diseases the stereopticon. Smooth sailing? Not always. come from sin. So does their poverty which is A month ago our outlying dispensary in Nuchl, 75 almost worse than disease in these terrible areas. miles from Muscat, was summarily closed, and we So, also, that emptiness of soul which makes the ejected. But the people there want us to return, inner poverty of the rich, worse many times, than and it will be only a short time probably, before the outer poverty of the poor. If only Christ can we are back. fill some of these souls with the radiance of His Eternal life, they will be a light for the entire There are many areas in the world where the community, just as He promised. Yes,. and in medical missionary is still a pioneer in the simplest sense of that word. No missionary except he. can AN ARAB CHIEF, WITH DR. HARRISON WHOM HE INVITED enter. Central Arabia is such an area. Sois TO VISIT HIS TRIBES IN INLAND ARABIA Afghanistan, and Tibet, and parts of Northwest China. Often even he can go only by special invithat radiant group, Christ Himself will find the tation, and very infrequently. Sometimes he can one joy and happiness that men are capable of take his evangelistic colleague with him. On~e I giving Him. heard of a consecrated music teacher finding an entrance when even the Doctor was shut out. But What part have the medical missionaries played the brunt of this campaign is carried by the docin the great Eternal enterprise of carrying Christ tors. They visit such places on medical tours, to the Mohammedans? A genuine part and an treat those who need medical help, present Christ honorable one. We go where no one else can. to those who will listen, make many friends. Harold Storm made a trip two years ago which included pretty well the whole southern coast of On occasion theYl;re driven out, but they re~ Arabia. With trifling exceptions, that whole sec- turn.. and eventually tlieMission is invited to come tion can be reached only by the medical mission- in and establish a permanent station. Such a staary. And can the Gospel be preached on such a tion may begin with only the medical missionary tour? It can. Last year in Sur, a wild and fanati- in residence. Eventually he is joined by his evancal place, men listened to the Gospel every Sunday gelistic colleague.

It is a great step in advance when a permanent mission station is established. Then the impact of Christian family life is felt, and that is by far the heaviest piece of artillery that we have. The difference between the Christian and the Moham- medan family is an apologetic which admits of no answer. But in this station too, the active medical work of the mission hospital has a great part to play. Dozens and scores and hundreds come to the dispensary. They do not become Christians, but they do become friends. And in the hospital itself men listen to the Christian message with a more friendly ear than elsewhere, and during their days of comfortable convalescence, the same mes- sage can be repeated many times, until some de- gree of comprehension is reached. Christ walks up and down the aisles of these primitive mission- ary hospitals, and the doctor succeeds in making Him visible to some of those who are his guests.

Abdullah was such a patient. He came with the largest ulcer of the year, and we have many ulcers by no means small. His measured six by four inches. Only the swollen condition of the foot made such dimensions possible. After three months he is nearly healed. Abdullah is one of' those fine, sincere, gentle souls, who show that Christ is indeed the light that lighteth every man. The Gospel story was water to his thirsty soul. Abdullah is one of the fortunate few who can read. For weeks he was a hospital fixture, with his leg

A CHRISTIAN DOCTOR AMONG MOSLEMS

stretched out so it could lie in the sun, while he emerging medical profession in these new states earnestly studied the New Testament. He follows can reach full growth. In the meantime the med- Christ now, with deep sincerity, and just ahead is ical missionary can take under his wing these newthe realization that Christ and Mohammed do not fledged doctors, and to their science add ethics, walk the same road. Abdullah returned home two and to their ethics compassion, and to their comweeks ago. May God keep him. passion, freedom from the love of money, and if when he has finished with some of them, these Young men of the community make up the hos- things be in them and abound, he will have made pital staff. They are chosen after much elimina- a very great contribution indeed. And the most tion of inferior material, because they have unusual deftness of hand, and kindliness of soul. PATIElNTS AT THE MISSION HOSPITAL They are not Christians when they enter the hospital service. No such material is available. But important members of this group which he trains, some of these boys come to see Christ as He walks will be the Christian doctors who become under beside them, ministering to men and women who his hands, pillars in the church, and ornaments of suffer. Mobarrek is such a convert. The whole the Kingdom of God. town of Muttreh has been lit up by the beauty and simplicity of his Christian confession. Two of his The medical missionary is a member of the comrades in the hospital have already followed his great eternal succession, through which from example, and the Sultan himself has listened to Abraham to Hudson Taylor, God has unfolded His his testimony. program of Divine power and salvation. The Church of Christ has been set up in the Moham- The medical missionary is a missionary in his medan world. In Iran she has reached the magown right. He is also a member of a mission sta- nificent virility of youth. Even in Arabia the intion where team work is very important. The fant church has been born. Thus does the last evangelistic impact of such a team can be very citadel of human error and sin slowly open to the great. Only a small part of the preaching can be love of Christ. The medical missionary's heart done by the doctor. Proclaiming the truth of is filled with gratitude that in this great adventure Christ is the evangelist's task, illustrating the of the Divine Will, he has been permitted to have grace of Christ is the doctor's (though to be sure a share, and at times to carry the flag. the evangelist does that too). The intelligent and effective mercy of the hospital is a Christian les- ISLAM AS A RELIGION son of the first order. It is the hospital which makes the Christian Gospel intelligible. Moreover Moslem Creed: "There is no God but God and Mohammed there are Christian lessons of no mean order in is the prophet of God." Includes pantheism and scientific medicine per se. Truth is one thing, and animism. error something else. Noone who assists at surgical operations doubts that for very long. The Jesus is regarded as a human prophet inferior to Mopatients believe it too. Ignorance is one thing and hammed. discriminating knowledge something else, and no one knows that quite so wen as the patient to Materialistic and sensual Paradise. whom an accurate diagnosis brings relief after Five supreme duties-witnessing, saying prayers (five many disappointments. Cleanliness is different times a day), almsgiving, the Fast of Ramadhan, pilfrom filth, a rule that holds in the realm of the grimage to Mecca. (Also Holy War.) spirit as well as in the world of bacteria. There Weakness or Islwm-formalism, fatalism, militarism, senis no antidote to superstition like the microscope. sualism, stagnation, polygamy, slavery, blind adher- A louse there, looks far more dangerous than the ence to tradition. evil eye itself. St?'ength of Islamr-belief in one supreme imnipotent God, loyalty to their faith, people of one sacred book, ag- The function of the medical missionary is a tem- gressive in witnessing, courageous. porary function. He understands that. We do not send medical missionaries to Japan. Medical schools are making their appearance in nearly all of the Moslem countries. There is such a school in Teheran, Iran. There is another in Baghdad. They will give first class medical training. In such a country the medical missionary faces a new problem, and new problems mean new opportunities, if only we can see them with God's eyes. The place and the need for the medical missionary are passing away, but it will be years before the

Power of the Printed

By MABEL H. ERDMAN, Beirut, Syria i Missionary of the Presbyterian Church, U. s. A. 1Jie– I .l"". "/ LITTLE old man with greying beard and than all else I was impressed by the beauty and kindly, smiling hazel eyes sits in a wheel the purity of Christ's teaching and character. chair on the veranda of a Home for the "Suddenly I was covered with confusion. This Aged in a near East city. His face is lined, but thing which I considered beautiful, this story the Tines are those of a thinker. He is talking to which was written in my own sacred tongue, was his Moslem neighbor – a thin, time-scarred old a despised Christian thing, a false book which they gentleman whose bed has been pulled out on the dared to set up in comparison with the holy balcony. The first old man is telling something Koran! Hastily I hid it lest I be detected.

of his early life. A missionary friend listens while "Days slipped by, during which I condemned the tale is told. myself on the one hand and indulged my curiosity "Years ago I lived in the Holy City where I was on the other. Finally I decided that there was no a keeper in a large mosque. I was a devout Mos- harm in carrying the book about with me. After lem, wearing the green turban to which I was en- all, my devotion to Islam could not be questioned.

titled as a direct descendant of the Prophet. Five I managed to read all of the Gospel of Mark, and times a day when the muezzin called, I prayed then, still firm in my own faith, I made bold to with the faithful. One of my duties was to clean visit the foreign lady again and ask for other and fill the many ornate lamps which hung in that books of the same sort. I do not know what im- mosque. I was also expected to collect the rents pression I made upon her, but she received me due from houses owned by the mosque. In these kindly and without question gave me three other houses lived all manner of people, the better apart- Gospels.

ments being let to foreigners from whom we could "In a short time I had read all four Gospels and demand a high rental. One of these tenants was then I secured the Book of Acts. It was not long a lady who lived alone. I wondered why she had then before I had to acknowledge that Jesus the left her far-away home to live among strangers, Christ had won me as he had Paul of Tarsus, who, to judge by myself, loved her little. though my own conversion was much less dra- "One day, quite accidentally, I learned why she matico I was filled with a great longing to serve had come. When she gave me her rent money she my Saviour and Friend, who had revealed God to handed me a small book. I suspected at once that me in a new light-as a loving Father to whom I it must be an accursed book of the Christians, and was precious.

had it not been for the precious money and the "So strong was my new faith, so compelling His courtesy due a tenant of the holy mosque, I should plea to leave all and follow Him, that I knew I have dropped the hated thing which seemed to must make open declaration. The great mosque burn into my hand. As soon as possible I bowed became an intolerable place; the copies of the politely and left the foreign lady. sacred Koran, the shining lamps, the very rugs "There were other collections to be made that leered at me.

day, and lacking opportunity" to do otherwise, I "I knew that I must turn my back on all this.

slipped the small book into my pocket. I forgot My parents would disown me and disinherit me; about it until later in the day when I sat alone in a my friends would seek to destroy me; my wife shadowed corn~r of the great mosque. Curiosity would have to do as her parents and mine decreed, overcame my fear and I opened the book sur- and I should have to leave her and the children.

reptitiously. "Weeks and months slipped by as I hesitated.

"Many years have gone by now, but never shall My life was comfortable, even luxurious. I was I forget my first impression of the beauty of that loved, respected, trusted. In giving up Islam I '

story. It was the Gospel according to Saint Mark, should be giving up all security and respectability and as by some outer force I was impelled 'to read as I knew them. But while I debated about this through the verses which described John the Bap- other Prophet and compared His life with that of tist, Christ's Baptism, His temptation and the Mohammed, I knew what I must do; and at last calling of some of the disciples. Perhaps more I did it.

[482 ] "The result was all that I had anticipated, but Dark tales were whispered over backgammon though my suffering was great, I felt no sorrow boards and between sips of thick, sweet coffee- nor regret. There were many new friends now tales of clever thefts, of quick, sure fingers on to replace the old, whom I loved with a greater knife and trigger, of amazing feats of horseman- love than ever and forgave wholeheartedly when ship and of unbelievable endurance.

they persecuted me. Penniless, I left my home city J-'s quiet, pale Armenian wife, whom he had with all of its dear associations, and traveled taken from a refugee camp just after the World northward. Everywhere Christians who had War, had borne him a son and a daughter; but for heard of me welcomed me, but whenever I encoun- him there was no united family life; it had never tered those of myoId faith, they reviled me merci- occurred to him that such was necessary or de- lessly. I was refused shelter in every Moslem sirable. His own mother had often sent him as a home; I was shamefully cursed and ejected from boy to carry supplies of money and food, to her restaurants and all public places where I was father's home, against the inevitable day when her known. husband should tire of her. Many a day on the "For a time doubt assailed me. I wondered road he had met other boys, his friends, going on whether God had forgotten me. Things were the same sort of secret errand. Home for J – strange as I traveled away from home; I did not meant shelter from rain and cold, even from ene- slip easily into the new customs and religious mies to some extent, but little else.

practices. I missed my loved ones, particularly It happened one day that J-, natty in his well- my sons, who would now grow up considering fitting uniform, passed a meeting house in the their father a renegade, an infidel, a betrayer of center of his home town and saw a crowd of peo- the faith. Perhaps these were the hardest hours ple assembled. Curious, he looked in and saw his of my life. wife and children there. Upon questioning some "But when my sorrow was deepest, when the bystanders he learned that an evangelist had come outlook seemed blackest, God made Himself known from the far west to help the harassed Armenian to me, and I was able to rise up and follow Him refugees to return to their ancient faith in God with renewed strength and vision. and His Prophet Jesus Christ. J- was amused, "Now after all these years I can testify that and leaning against the rear wall of the building, He has never forsaken me at any time and that listened while the foreigner read a story which He is worthy of every sacrifice made for His sake. seemed to be all about a new way of Life. The I would not go back to the old IHe, with all of its preacher then talked simply about repentance and security and material comfort, for all that the salvation. It was all so easy to understand, so world has to offer. I have tried to witness to straightforward, that J – was amazed. The meet": Him, to tell others of His love and beauty, and as ings continued for several days, and J- attended life's shadows lengthen around me, I realize that all of them, hearing little more than the simple I must work harder that no time be lost." Gospel story told in none-too-perfect Turkish.

Thus the fascinating tale came to a close. When- That story was enough to change his life. From ever he can do so, this truly converted believer that time on J – knew that his old ways were not reads from his "Beautiful Book" to his compan- in keeping with God's will. To his astounded asions, and if we were there to see, we should note sociates he declared his new faith as openly as he that many a face is softened, that new light comes had boasted of his heinous deeds. He resigned his into hard, cold eyes which have seen much bitter- position with the gendarmerie, and rearranged his ness and disappointment, for the Prince of Peace whole life. There was little he could do to earn an hovers near. honest living, but he did what his hands could find to do, often enough working as a day laborer. *** After their first amusement at J-'s new A few years ago a gay young man rode daily "stunt," his former friends and associates began through the crowded streets of the northern towns to persecu~e him. Finding that he paid little heed of Syria, cursing and jostling the shepherds and to them, they spat upon him, kicked and reviled other traders who came in from the desert to sell him; caused him to be thrown into prison. They their produce. His bright, dark eyes sparkled as were humbled and astounded the more when he he drew rein, for he knew his power and his repu- turned the other cheek. He who had once been so tation for cruel justice. His uniform indicated quick to retaliate now bore the harshest treatment that he was one of the gendarmerie, and well was without reproach. His former powerful char- he known in village and town and out in the far- acteristics were changed and beautified. His rest- away places of the desert. No danger was too less energy led him on to greater and greater tasks great for him to face, no journey too distant for and sacrifices; his splendid physique enabled him his strength. Bold, winsome, rash, J – was at to endure great suffering and deprivation without once the terror and the pride of his associates. apparent harm.

In quiet moments J- sadly counted the years of Before long a crowd gathered, and J- took his life which had been spent in wickedness and occasion to tell his story of Jesus and to distribute riotous living, the blood-stained deeds of his im- tracts. The Sheikh listened as attentively as the petuous youth, and he longed to recall them and others, and when J- had finished he stood up and dedicate them to God. told an amazing story himself. J-Iater recounted this story to us in detail. Some years have passed during which -he has grown steadily in grace. He is tireless in his task About three years ago the Sheikh went to the of spreading the Gospel, his journeyings covering dyeing establishment of an Armenian Christian. the breadth and the length of his native land. On the table in the small shop lay an open book. The bitterest of his enemies are being won over, one by one, for the old charm of J – coupled with "What book is that?" asked the Sheikh, using this new, compelling love, is irresistible. Now and Turkish as readily as his native tongue, Arabic. then there is one who still distrusts, even persecutes him, but to no avail. Into prisons, among "A Bible,!' answered the Armenian. castaways of all faiths, he takes Bibles and Gos- "Is it the good book of which the Koran pel portions and religious tracts. At the doors of speaks?" mosques, in the homes of rich and powerful "Yes," answered the Armenian, a bit on his sheikhs he preaches Christ and distributes lit- guard with so staunch a Moslem leader. The Arerature. menian, though fearless in his faith, had experi- enced something from the fanaticism of Moslems. Recently he was visiting some of the scattered "Tell me about it," persisted the Sheikh with hamlets on the edge of the north Syria desert genuine interest. when he met a man whom he had not seen for "Let me read from it," answered the dyer; "it some years. At sight of that man J- thanked tells its own story better than I can." God and said, He picked up the Book and read some chapters in Genesis. As he read the Sheikh received a new "Brother, do you remember me?" vision of the greatness and the power and the majesty of God as compared with the sinfulness "Yes, indeed," responded the lean shepherd, his of man. The Armenian saw that the effect was keen eyes narrowed in his weather-beaten face, real and read on. "you used to be in the gendarmerie. I have not Later his customer returned and begged to borseen you lately, but I remember you well." row the Book. The dyer volunteered to secure for him an Arabic version, and with this copy in his "Do you remember that once a goat was stolen hands the Sheikh began at the first chapter of from you?" Genesis and read through all of the books of the Old and New Testaments. When he reached the "Ap, my friend," laughed the shepherd, "a goat last verse of Revelation he began again and read is often stolen from a shepherd in these parts. as before. What can I do? The poor have no rights." After that second reading he was convinced that "I stole a goat from you once,and I thought I the only way of salvation is through Jesus Christ. was clever to do it without being caught. My Then one night he dreamed that his city was being friends and I had a fine feast." destroyed because of the wickedness of the people, as Sodom and Gomorrah were destroyed. Great "You?" grinned the shepherd in mock surprise. was his grief and helplessness when he turned "I cannot believe it." away from the awful scene-and there he beheld Jesus upon the cross. He dreamed that he rose "But yes, I did," averred J- in all seriousness. up, threw his arms about the bleeding feet and "And now I wish to pay for that goat, and to ask wept for his sins and those of his people. your forgiveness. Here is the money." So it happened that when J- came to this town Overcome, the poor man who seldom sees even the Sheikh took courage openly to declare himself paper money, for he trades in kind and is always a Christian. "Do not call me 'Sheikh' any more; in debt to the money-lenders, exclaimed, "Is it I am a Chris-tian, a follower of Jesus Christ," he possible that one steals a goat, is not caught, and declared to the crowd. then comes back to pay for it?" The Word of God is living and active, and sharper than "Yes; it is possible," responded his companion, any two-edged sword. Hebrews 4: 12. "if one steals while he is in darkness and sin and then learns to know Jesus Christ." My Word shall not return unto Me void. Isaiah 55: 11.

What better sermon could have been preached Surely the Word of God is a powerful witness to that poor, ignorant Bedouin of the desert? to Christ and can be used to achieve great results if we can but put it into the hands of men and Leaving the desert, J- went to one of the larger women everywhere. towns and was invited to meet the head man who owns more than three-fourths of the town's land and houses. He bears the important title of Sheikh and is a man of great influence.

Experience with

By REV. FRANK LAUBACH, Ph.D., Mindanao, Philippines Missionary of the American Board C. F. M.

FOR four centuries the Moros of Mindanao pealed to the supreme court, entering a plea of fought the same relentless war with the Span- self-defense. Our case was so well prepared that iards and Filipino Christians that the Moros Pambaya was ~cquitte!i. He is now my/fast friend (Moors) of Africa had fought in Spain during the and will be yours if I introduce him to you." five centuries before Columbus discovered America. The annual war in the Philippines would So this man .]?ambaya, who so nearly spent commence as soon as the winds were favorable for twenty years in,i'Irrison, became my friend, taught the Moro vintas to sail northward, or for the me the .Maranaw language, and has been our Spanish galleons to sail southward. strongesfhulw3;rk ever since. He has toiled with us for cOU)ltless. hours in building up a Maranaw When the United States took over the Philip- dictionary, haS'-helped in the translation of the Old pines in 1898, we inherited this endless war with Testament stories and the Gospel of Luke, and has the Moros. American soldiers, with their greatly ~ided in the preparation of many other books.

.superior weapons, broke the power of the Moros But his chief function is to keep his ear to the and instilled in them a sense of fear and respect, ground for signs of opposition and to make friends though outlaws have hidden in the forests and Qut of potential enemies. No missionary in a performed exploits of murder and robbery every Moslem country can get on very well without some year up to the present day. man of that type.

In the year 1915 my wife and I visited Lanao for the first time, hoping to establish a mission for the Moros. We found the air tense, the nerves of the officials taut, the Moros sullen, and rumors of impending attacks being whispered from ear to ear. We were told plainly that no Christian missionary effort would be tolerated as it would certainly add to the fanatical fury of the Moros.

We left Lanao to work in other parts of the Philip- pines, awaiting a more propitious day.

It was not until 1929 that we felt the time had arrived. A large percentage of the trouble makers had been imprisoned or killed, and the Province had become comparatively quiet. Because there MORO GI1,;LS'l'H:tNK;iTH:EY WILL DIE U' THEIR PICTURE· IS was no school suitable for the education of our 'l'AJ(;EN,BUT 'fHEY Tf.:KE A CHANCE TO son, and also because we were not sure how safe pLlllASE THE; MISSIONARy Lanao would be for women and children of missionaries, I left my wife and son in· the northern Tclie first :rno.n~~,be:fo.:re I had found Pambaya, wer¢, among the hardest Of my life. I did not seem part of the Philippines, and entered Lanao alone. to be able to get the right beginning. I climbed The officials still expressed misgivings about any Signal Hill, back of my cottage, night after night, religious work being attempted, and permitted me with no companion but my dog Tip, and remained to begin my work on the understanding that it until long ·after dark while the finger of God would be educational and social, and not contro- painted marvelous colors against the western sky.

versial. I was a missionary of Christ, with my I recall the heartaches and the yearnings with lips practically sealed~ which my eyes roved around the lake below me, I asked a big-hearted American, Lieutenant where the Moros had their villages. The deepest Cramer, whether he knew a Moro whom I could spiritual experiences are born of pain, if one lets trust. Cramer replied: that pain drive him to God. Out of the loneliness "There is a Moro who was convicted of murder of Lanao came some of the most precious soul ex- and sentenced to serve for twenty years. Feeling periences of my whole life. During one of these that this sentence was too heavy, some of us ap- sunset trysts I was telling God aloud that He must [485 ]

guide my pathway, for the obstacles were like a sinless man to be crucified. That would not be mountains. I spoke aloud, for nobody could hear justice." He snatched Jesus out of Gethsemane, me but God and Tip. Then my lips began to sp.eak and then changed Judas into the appearance of to myself, voicing a new light which had come Jesus, and allowed the Jews to crucify Judas, as into my mind: he deserved. The Koran teaches that Jesus now sits on the right hand of God interceding for men If you want these Moros to be fair to your religion, be -more kindlihearted than the Moslem God. In fair to theirs. Study their Koran with them. Medina there are four graves: that of Mo- hammed; that of Fatima his daughter; that of I told some of the Mohammedan priests that I Omar, the greatest Moslem missionary, and an wanted to study the Koran, and the next day my empty grave. Tradition says that Jesus will re- turn, will reign a thousand years, will die, and MORO POET WHO WON A CONTEST will be buried in that fourth grave.

house was full of priests and hadjis with their What broke down the wans between the Moros Korans, all of them bent upon making a Moham- and myself more than anything else was a pammedan out of me. We found to our delight that phlet published by the Moslem Propaganda Society there was much in common in our religions. Islam of India. This pamphlet was brought to me to has about seventy-two prophets, of whom we show me how to become a good Moslem. To my found the names of sixty in our Bible. delight I was able to translate into Moro, before all the priests in my house, these important facts: Those who do not know the Koran will be surprised to find how it exalts Jesus. He was born of Islam has four holy books: a virgin, according to Moslem tradition, but he (1) Torah, or the books of Moses; was not crucified. In the Garden of Gethsemane, (2) Jabur, Qr the Psalms of David; so the tradition goes, God said: "I will not permit (3) Kita.J Injil, or the Life of Jesus; (4) The Koran of Mohammed.

"I have studied these first three sacred books many years," I told my Moslem friends, "and will tell you all I know, while you tell me all you know about the Koran."

Two or three of the men studying the Koran knew English and so acted as interpreters for the others and for me. They began to ask for a class to teach them to read English.

"Our constant warfare with the Christians has left us far· behind the rest of the Islands," they told me, "and we want to catch up."

The Moros had burned down fifty school build- ings in the years just preceding my arrival, and were for the most part unfriendly to the schools. Yet they began to realize that they were harming themselves and nobody else by this attitude. I knew that for these adults the mastery of English would be a very long process, so I said: "Suppose you learn to read your own language first with English letters. Then it will be easier to learn to read English."

This sounded reasonable, so we began to pre- pare lessons in the Maranaw language with Eng- lish letters.. Nothing had ever been printed in their language up to that time. We had to decide upon an alphabet. Fortunately the Philippine languages have adopted perfectly phonetic alpha- bets, and we followed these in all but one letter. We needed but sixteen letters in all.

At first we used the ordinary sentence method of teaching, but this seemed unnecessarily long for learning sixteen simple letters; so the Moros joined me in seeking a method better adapted to their own language. Month after month they

MY EXPERIENCE WITH MOSLEMS

toiled with me, making positively exciting prog- are you going to get· your money back? Our ress. As the course became easier the numbers imams will not teach us the Koran unless we pay who desired to learn increased, until at last hun- them in advance." dreds came to the large old building we had purchased. Thus began the first of those literacy This gives us our opportunity to tell the religion campaigns based on the principle of "each one which under other circumstances they would be teach five more" which have since spread to many unwilling to consider: parts of Malaysia, India, Africa, and Latin America. "I have studied the wonderful life of Nabi Isa. From the time he awoke in the morning until he The second year the highest Chieftain in south- closed his eyes at night he spent every minute of ern Lanao asked me to attend a three-day feast the day helping people. He was always teaching which he was holding in celebration of the opening of his school for adults. He had moved out of DOCTOR LAUBACH AND PAMBAYA, A MORO FRIEND his largest house and turned it into a school building. The day I arrived was Friday. Kakai Daga- or encouraging, or defending or healing or saving langit, for this was the chieftain's name, asked me somebody. That is a wonderful way to live. If to accompany him to the mosque, and I accepted. everybody in Lanao lived like that we would have I washed my hands and feet as is the Moro cus- a paradise. The climate is perfect, but the people tom, and followed the chief into his mosque. He hate and fight and defraud one another. Because took me to the front prayer rug, placed a black I see everybody must help everybody else, I am hat-far too small for me-on my head, and said trying to teach all I can. And I have discovered I was a "Christian pandita." By this brilliant the secret of happiness! When I was looking for name he hoped that Islam and Christianity might happiness I could not find it. It escapes like the be reconciled. He returned my courtesy by at- rainbow. And when I harm people I feel mean tending our Christian church, dressed in a magnificent shining satin coat and trousers. Since inside. But when i spend my day teaching peothat time I have accepted the invitations of many of the highest chieftains to attend their mosques. ple, my heart sings. Go out and teach others and do not take a cent for it, and see how your heart Kakai Dagalangit has one of the most brilliant will sing!" minds I have ever met. He asked me endless searching questions and told me the populations of all the principal countries of Europe – some army captain had told him what they are. This chieftain also made a contribution to education which may have very far-reaching effects.

When the depression came I had to call all my teachers and the leading chieftains of Lanao together and announce that the little money I had left would permit me to retain only three out of nineteen teachers. Kakai Dagalangit arose and said, with his usual brevity: "This campaign is the most important thing that ever came to Lanao. It shall not stop. Every person who learns must teach five others. I will see that they do."

This is how it happened that we began the "each one teach five" idea, which proved a great success in Lanao, and has proven a cheap and effective method of reaching adults in their homes throughout the Philippines and indeed in every country I have since visited.

A literacy campaign along these lines has proven to be a very fine way to make friends. If you sit beside an illiterate and teach him with patience and real love in your heart, he grows more and more surprised at this new experience, and at last interrupts the lesson to ask: "Why are you teaching me without pay? When

Thus we introduce Jesus at the point where He so tenderly, so perfectly as in the face of Jesus. is most irresistable-His great burning heart and Until men have known Jesus they have not known His loving service. We help people to act like the best fact about God, that He is, that any being, Christians long before they think of becoming even God, can be as good as Jesus! Christian in name. Arabs are poor slipshod business men. Jews There was equal eagerness on the part of stu- and Christians can beat them in business with the dents from Irak studying in the American Univer- utmost ease-:-and do! Mohammed· met Christians sity in Beirut, and Iraneans whom we met in who told him wonderful stories about the lovely Turkey. Now as I write from Dar es Salaam in Jesus-and then proceeded to take advantage of East Africa, I am having one of the most thrilling him in their business transactions. The result experiences of my whole life preparing lessons was that Mohammed, one of the supreme religious and teaching Moslem men every morning, and geniuses of all time, loved Christ and hated Christeaching Moslem illiterate women every afternoon. tians! If Christians had lived what Christ taught A leading African Mohammedan imam is collect- and lived, Mohammed might have become the ing the illiterates. With the memories of thou- greatest Christian since Paul. So ten thousand sands of Mohammedans who have looked at me times over this planet one runs across instances and held my hand in loving appreciation, I feel deeply as well as believe profoundly, that the day TEACHING MORO ADULTS IN THE MARKET PLACE for embittering controversy is past.. For centuries it was the fashion for the two religions to expose of the fact that Christ's chief enemies are Christhe worst features they could find or imagine about tians who betray Christ in their lives and their one another. The time has come to call a truce to business relations. this, and for these two religionS to appreciate one another. We ought to be fair to Islam, for we need to ask mercy in judging Christianity. We have failed so There is much Christians may learn from Islam tragically that we are asking the world to believe if they will look for it. For example a good Mos- that "Christianity has never yet really been tried." lem prays five times a day. Of course Christians We ask others to begin to try it, though Christian are supposed to pray oftener than that-but how nations have never tried it themselves. many of us do? For Moslems the one overwhelming fact is the will of God. We who have come I often hear Christians in Asia and Africa say: into contact with Islam have been reminded that "You can't trust any of them." I dare not tell the one imperative duty of a Christian is to find that Moslem what I think of him, but I will tell and carry out the full will of God in every detail you. What he means to say is: "You cannot trust -,-but how many of us do? Every Moslem is sup- any of them to allow you to despise them, outwit posed to regard every other Moslem as a brother, them, underpay them, ostracize them, and browregardless of race, nationality, wealth, or social beat them." No,he is right, you cannot. Moslems , condition. Moslems do not need to be introduced are mirrors, giving back love for love, hatred for in order to speak to one another! The Arabs inter- hatred, suspicion for suspicion, trust for trust. marry with the Africans and thus make Moslems But so are all the people of the world-mirrors! of them. Christian whites compel Africans to And the majority of ~very nation are responsible live in segregated sections of the African cities. if one treats them decently. The Christian teaching is exactly like the Moslem teaching on the point of brotherhood-but how Nobody can appreciate how valuable it is for many Christians practice it? On the other hand Christians and Moslems to cooperate in some such the Moslems are in tragic need of a vital contact campaign as this, unless he has gone through the with the Christ whom they hold in high esteem, experience. Our experience in Lanao while seekbut about whom they know so little. The more ing the best method of teaching Maranaw, was generously we appreciate their merits the more particularly fortunate. Letters began to reach us readily they will accept the Christian experience of Christ. In a very real sense therefore, we can speak of sharing with Islam.

Some people fear that words like these will paralyze missionary giving. But any person who stops giving for this reason does not need to read more ugly pictures about other religions; what he needs isa fresh experience of Christ. Those of us who have touched other religions know that never in any religion have men seen God so winsomely,

MOSLEM VIEWS OF "THOSE NAZARENES"

fromaH parts of the world inquiring about our Only by some such sharing can one discover campaign. These letters were read to the Moros, what wonderful and zealous friends the Moslems who boasted inordinately about showing the world can be, and how "Christian" many of them are in how to become literate. Some of the young men spirit. Whenever we told Mohammedans about prepared a large map of the world, and ran green our Lanao friends they worked with tireless enlines out to the countries from which letters were thusiasm in preparing lessons in other languages. received. When three years ago we announced A dozen young Moslems and two missionaries our plan of visiting other countries, all Lanao worked almost night and day preparing Malay wanted to go along! Hundreds of datos came down charts in Malacca. In VeIlore India, the Printo the seacoast, a distance of twenty-five miles, to cipal of the Mohammedan Government School and bid us farewell. They crowded the deck of the his faculty struggled and toiled and sometimes steamer, making highly exaggerated but wholly nearly fought over the difficult Urdu. The Presisincere speeches. Then they selected the leading dent of the Arabic College in Madras gathered the imam to pray while they held out their hands great lights of Urdu in a most inspiring meeting, turning their palms alternately upward and down- staged a successful demonstration, put fragrant ward as they responded to the prayer. Mingling flowers around my neck and made such speeches Maranaw with Arabic the imam asked that this as I have not heard, no, not in all ChristenQom. American friend, who had cooperated with them in making the easiest lessons in the world, should When the students of the Lahore Government have the blessing of Allah as he introduced their Training College heard the story of the Lanao method to other countries. They kissed me fare- Moslems, several Mohammedan students followed well, with their long Arab whiskers, and the me home and would not permit me to eat my lunch imams said: before taking the train. One of them wept as he begged me to change my program and visit Jind "We will pray for you in every mosque in this State at once! Two others hung on me resolutely province, while you carry our method to the until I promised to go to Afghanistan. They said world." they would write at once for the government to issue an invitation. I was as excited as they, for Then the Mohammedans stood in silent rever- few foreigners and no missionaries enter Afghanence while the Christians prayed and sang: "God istan. be with you till we meet again."

Moslem Views of "Those N azarenes"

By J. LOWRIE ANDERSON United Presbyterian Missionary in the Egyptian Sudan W HAT a member of one religious sect thinks a man here know or care about the elections in of those of a different faith depends upon America? I thought.) the prejudices in which he grew up, on his temperament and critical faculties, on his second- "But why?" I asked. hand knowledge, and on the members of the other "Because Hoover was against liquor, and the group with whom he is acquainted. other fellow is for it. I am sorry that America turned its back on Hoover and prohibition." (In- The average Moslem knows little or nothing toxicants are prohibited by Moslem law.) about the Christians of America. Only once did I In the French consulate in London, awaiting a find interest in a moral issue in America, and that, viise to our passport, we met a young Turk who strangely enough, in a small city where no Euro- had been a student in Paris and London, and was pean or American lived. We were on an evan- returning to his native land. He was interested gelistic journey in 1934 and visited a town three that we were going for the first time as missiondays' journey from the nearest railroad. Discov- aries to a Moslem land. ering that some in the party were from America, "In recent years," he said, "Moslem countries a stranger sought us out to question us about our have retrogressed. That is because Islam, our country. In the conversation he said, faith, has been weakened. Our great days of power were the great days of faith. When Mos- "I am sorry that America rejected Hoover and lems closely adhered to their religion they were took this other fellow." (What in the world does

the leaders of the world. When faith decayed, so The man of the street in the Sudan has become did their political power and intellectual leader- interested in one report that has reached him, ship. namely, that Islam is spreading in Europe and America. Where the report started I know not, "In Christianity it is just the opposite. It is but in every corner of the Moslem Sudan it has the nations who have abandoned the attempt to gained credence. In many different cities I have follow their religion that are at the forefront. been asked if I knew that all Germany had aban- France and England pay only lip service to their doned Christianity and gone over bodily to Islam. religion. They do not follow the ideals of Jesus. This is probably how the news of the rise of Nazi- And because they have left these out, they have ism and the Neo-pagan Movement in Germany has become great. This is always true." finally filtered into the broadcasting agencies of these simple people. I was at a loss to account In the Sudan, years later, I heard a strange for the origin of the report that in the United variant to that same theme. The spokesman was States five millions have declared themselves Mosnot a graduate student, as the first had been, one lem. Any attempt to deny the statement would be who had traveled in Europe and was learned in useless. Perhaps the Sudanese had heard about the branches of Western science. He was a poor the recent movement among the Negroes in Amer- Sudanese black, who had traveled little if any out- ica to claim that they are not Negroes, but Moors, side hi!,! native region, and who knew how to read with a history not of slavery, but of conquest. Arabic, but no other language. Our colporteur When such Negroes dress in Arab costume and pointed him out, sitting in the shade by the side wear fezzes, worship Allah, and go through forms of the road, and said: of worship, these things have no relation to Islam. But when we realize that they have done this to "That man I believe to be a Christian. He has get away from the stigma white Christians have read the New Testament many times, and he has put upon their race and color, we need to be bought some other books. He knows about Chris- ashamed. Jesus quoted with approval the saying, tianity, although he will not confess Christ." "My house shall be called a hous!'! of prayer for all peoples." But it is hard to find a church in Amer- We walked over and sat down on the log beside ica without the color bar. No wonder Negroes the black man. After introductions were over, the prefer to be considered "Moors" and to profess old man turned to me and said: Islam, rather than Christianity.

"You Christians are the queerest people in the Although the Moslem in the Sudan knows and world?" cares little about the Christians of the West, he has known his Christian neighbors. In Greece, "Why do you say that, Uncle?" Syria and Egypt the ancient Eastern churches "I have read your books. I have read the Gos- still exist and their members can be found in every pel through many times. I find that Jesus section of the Sudan. From these Christians the preaches peace. He tells his followers if they are Sudanese buy their sugar and cotton cloth, and to smitten on one cheek to turn the other. He com- them they often sell cattle or dates. mands that when a man asks for your coat you shall give your cloak too. He says to forgive each "Drunk as a Christian" is a metaphor that was other, and to love your enemies, and to pray for not coined from imagination. The great Christian them. Is that not true?" festivals of Christmas and Easter have too often "Very true, Uncle." been largely drunken orgies in the East. A Mos- "Before you Christians came to the Sudan, we lem funeral is marked with dignity and solemnity. thought we knew something about fighting. All "This is Allah's will," the mourners say, "and as our men le~rned how to use the sword and the His creatures we submit to it." But shrieking and spear and the javelin. Some of them knew also wailing, cursing God for having taken the loved how to shoot a rifle. But that was nothing to what one, and every sign of grief and desolation mark you Christians have shown us how to do. You the death of a Christian. No (me would ever befight with machine guns that kill people, not one lieve that they are followers of One who is the at a time, but by the scores. You bombard towns Resurrection and the Life. Often for years the with cannons fired from many miles away. You Christians display the outward marks of grief and fight not only on land, but on the water, and under priests fatten on the superstitions of the people. the water, and under the land. Nowadays you He alone can intercede effectively for the sins of even fight from the air. Yet you claim to be fol- the people, and only when his palm is crossed. lowers of Jesus, who preached love to all men." The keys of the future life are in his hand, and only gold will give him strength to turn that key. Acknowledging inconsistency of professing This the Moslem knows, and thanks Allah that he Christians, I tried to show the man my own conviction that nothing of Western civilization built on force will endure but that the teachings of Jesus are the only sure foundations for abiding life, in the East or in the West.

needs no intercessor as he comes to God. For this the Gospel in the Apostolic Era. Moslems who reason he further despises the Christian. have become acquainted with them have a better conception of what Christians are like than if they Moreover, the Moslem usually knows little about did not know any Christians. the religIon of the Christian, and what little he knows usually repels. Religious pictures, and the Conversation with Moslem converts has concandles that burn before them, leads him to think firmed my own observation. A convert who had the Christian little better than an idolator. Many learned to hate Christians, found those he met in Moslems believe that the Trinity consists of God school to be little different from Moslem boys, exthe Father, Mary the Mother, and Jesus the Son. cept that they had a better spirit of mutual coop- They reject this suggestion as vile and puerile. eration. Eighty years ago in the Sudan, Arab All are sure that the doctrine at least betrays mud- slave raiders attacked a native village and took dled thinking. Nor has the witness of Christians the women and children as slaves. Among the to their own faith usually been strong. In the group was the son of the chieftain, a twelve-year- Sudan, because they are in the minority few have old naked savage, brighter than the rest. The been willing even to discuss with Moslems the Arabs called him Ibrahim. He attributes his conthings they believe. Thousands of Moslems would version to Christ to a conversation he had while die for their religion, and in the days of the Mahdi still a slave with an untutored Copt in a small vilproved it by courting martyrdom. But when the lage in upper Egypt. In half an hour the Copt same Mahdi ordered all Christians to turn Mos- explained to the inquiring black youth the myslems on pain of death, they scurried like fright- teries of the Incarnation and the Trinity. The ened rabbits into the folds of Islam. Many re- young man's heart went out to Christ who became mained Christians secretly, and when the power flesh and tabernacled among men. His conversion of the Mahdi's sway was broken, confessed it was real, as is proved by Ibrahim's years of faithopenly again. It is the blood of martyrs, not the ful service as a colporteur and evangelist in Egypt saving of life by apostasy, that is the seed of the and the Sudan. Church. Sudanese hold to their faith so strongly, and count death so lightly, that they have no re- In recent years there has grown up a small Protspect for people who change their religion as they estant community in the Sudan. Their interest in do their cloak, when they meet the fierce wind of evangelism has thrown them into contact with the persecution. But the influence of the Eastern Moslem majority and their emphasis on the ap- Christian churches on Islam is not all negative or plication of the teachings and spirit of Christ to detrimental to Christian progress. My experience daily life has not only given them a higher standin the Sudan has caused me to moderate my own ing with the Moslems, but has influenced the memviews on this subject. The presence of the Chris- bers of the older Eastern churches. Moslems of tian in the Sudan, though he be worldly, is a the Sudan are thus having the opportunity to constant reminder to the Sudanese of the presence judge Christianity on its real merits more than of this other faith. Moreover he sees the Chris- ever before, as they see persons who seek to lead tian, not as the vile and wicked monster some- the Christ-life in their daily conduct. times portrayed in their tales, but as a man in many ways similar to himself – with the same "Never have I had a superior like this one," needs and aspirations, the same passions and said a Moslem doorman at the Government office temptations, much the same likes and dislikes, where a Prot,;)stant held a high position. "He is hope and fears. Moreover, he knows Christians always polite, always considerate, and I believe to be people of "The Book," and that interests him that he takes a personal interest in me." more in the religion of Christ. Very uncertainly at times, but on the whole effectively, the Chris- "The best loved in all Wad Medani is Mr. tian has raised the standard of monogamy in the Toobia," said a Moslem to me concerning our Sudan, which many Moslems are coming to recog- Christian pastor. He is probably the most unnize as superior to their own polygamy and easy selfish man in all the district-a man whose face divorce. Christians have many faults and the and life are stamped with the marks of the Lord Christianity they profess is often a caricature of Jesus. the real thing. That their standard of. religion and morals is far from that of the apostolic days. The Church Mission hospital in Omdurman, The Moslem of the street despises them, and not where Christian doctors give freely of time and without cause, yet, all in all they have been an strength and of their own souls to serve their Mosasset to the Gospel, and their scattering through- lem brothers,.has given many a new conception of out the cities and towns of the Moslem Sudan is a what true Christians are. Perhaps the day is not preparation for the Gospel, even as the Dispersion far distant when the Moslem will say not that a of the despised Jews was a help to the spread of certain Christian "is good enough to be a Moslem" -their highest compliment today – but that un- selfishness in a Moslem is one of the marks of a Christian. S~irit-filled Christians can bring that change about.

and Moslem

By ELEANOR T. CALVERLEY, M.D., Hartford, Conn.

Formerly a Missionary in Arabia A MEENA rocks her baby in an Arab cradle baby of her own. The Saviour Divine to whom .r-.. made of date~sticks just as the Moslem her faith looked up during those days and nights of danger and suffering at the beginning of her mother in the next mat hut rocks her little widowhood is the One of whom her neighbors hear one. Next door the mother chants softly to put her sing. Yes, Ameena means the words. Christ her child to sleep. is her saviour in a very real and tangible way. She knows from what He has saved her and she "La ilah il allah knows from what He has saved her tiny daughter La ilah il allah." who sleeps so peacefully without benefit of Mos- lem charm or amulet. Her little one is perhaps Over and over again from the first day of his life the only native child in the whole town and for the Arab child hears these sacred words of the many hundreds of miles around who will enjoy Moslem creed. "There is no god but Allah." For all Islam no other lullaby could compare with this the advantages of a Christian home. in beauty or in soothing power.

The song which Ameena sings as she rocks her little daughter is a Christian hymn. Her neighbors are beginning to learn the words which they have heard so often.

My faith looks up to Thee Thou Lamb of Calvary Saviour Divine.

Does Ameena think of the meaning of those words? Does her faith really look up as she sings to her baby girl? Does her faith lift her above the level of the sordid life with its filth and misery and wickedness which is all about her little home? THREE ARAB BOYS AND A GIRL IN KUWAIT Does it make her home different; more lovely and more happy than the homes of her Moslem neigh- Few towns in Arabia have the example of a bors? Is Christ her saviour in a really practical home like that of Ameena. She and her husband sense? If so from what has he saved Ameena? are of slave descent, and for that reason are more independent than members of Arab families. Eight years ago Ameena's first husband died. Under the prevalent patriarchal system it would It was he who had taught the young wife to become with him a follower of Christ. Gently and with great patience year after year as he and Ameena lived together among neighbors who thought them traitors and infidels because they were no longer Moslems the husband shared with be. difficult for the son of a family with social his wife the knowledge which meant so much to standing in a Moslem town to become a Christian. him. She was very shy and slow to learn but Even though a young man might be willing to live when her husband died she proved that his teach- as simply as does the husband of Ameena, for him ing had not been in vain. Although the whole to take a wife of his own choice and establish an Moslem community seemed determined to force independent home where his bride could enjoy the her to return to her former religion and accept a privilege!'! of Christian womanhood would seem to husband of their choice, Ameena stood her ground. most Arabs an impossibility. For this reason, in ' Even when death threatened, with back to the wall Arabia at least, the only Christian homes with she persisted, never wavering in her witness for which most Moslems can compare their own are.

Christ her Saviour. the homes of foreigners.

Years have passed and Ameena has another In Kuwait on the eastern coast of Arabia where Christian husband now. At last hftr arms hold a it was our good fortune to make our home for [492 ] eighteen years, the missionary family was always uttering three times the words, "You are dian object of much interest and curiosity to the vorced." His wife however has no similar right. women of the town. For two years we lived in Concubinage is taken for granted; slaves are both rented houses. These were built like other native Negroes and white women from countries farther houses with blank outside walls designed to pro- north. Women who live in the town, when in pubtect women occupants from the gaze of men. The lic must cover the entire face with a layer of black rooms surrounded a central courtyard which was cheese-cloth through which they can see dimly open to the sky. When our new home was built although their features are not visible to others. with outside windows admitting sunshine and A black cloak called an "aba" envelops their whole fresh air to every room many women visitors came to see the house whose arrangement seemed to ARAB WOMAN AT EN'ImANCE TO AN ARABIAN TOWN them so strange. person from crown of head to feet, when on the "Which is your room?" they asked the mission- street, excepting only one cheese-cloth-covered eye. ary mother, thinking that she like themselves would have but one room to call her own. Few Arab women can read and fewer still are permitted to learn to write. Fatalism restrains "The rooms are all mine; you see the family any desire for progress or for change. What is shares them all. This where we now are is the "written" on one's forehead must be endured. living room where we sit together and visit with Marriage and motherhood, especially the motherour friends." hood of sons are practically the only aim of exist- ence for these women. "You mean the reception room for men." "No, for both men and women." It is not fair to generalize about the home life "Surely you don't mean that men and women of all Islam from conditions in a backward sit together in the room!" country like Arabia. Great changes are tak- "Certainly they do." ing place in many Moslem lands. In Turkey, for "And this," continued the hostess, leading her instance, almost overnight through the adoption friends into the dining room, "is where we eat. With us, the mother sits at one end of the table and the father at the other end while the children sit at the sides." "You cannot mean that you and your husband eat together!" "Yes we do." That was hard for the guests to accept, for in their homes the men are served first and the women have their meal afterward. "They tell us," persevered the callers, "that your children are all girls. Is that true?" "Yes it is true." "Won't your husband divorce you because you have no son?" "No, he will not divorce me."

"Well then, won't he take another wife on your head?"

"No, in our country a man would be arrested for having two wives at a time. But I am thankful to say my husband does not even wish to take another wife."

"Oh! how fortunate you are!" exclaimed the visitors; and then, more wistfully, "How we wish that we were like you!"

Eas,tern Arabia is very conservative and is little affected by Western ways. The laws formulated in the Koran are still the rule for life. Polygamy is usual for those who can afford more than one wife and is also practiced by many who are poor. Early marriage of girls, not infrequently at the age of nine but more often between the ages of twelve and fourteen, is the established custom.

A man may divorce bis wife at will by simply

of the Swiss code and the separation of Church sionaries' home in order that they may become and State Turkish women were released, in theory accustomed to the association of men and women at least, from many of the restrictions we have in social intercourse and may learn to feel at ease mentioned. Legally, polygamy, the veil and un- in acting as hostess in their own homes.

equal divorce laws have all disappeared. As a Surprisingly enough the most violent opposition Turkish woman discussing modern social prob- to changes proposed by feminists in the status of lems said,* "What was moral in my grandmother's women in the home often comes from women day is now taboo, for instance polygamy; whereas themselves, especially from women of the older the perfectly normal social relations of young peo- generation. There is something not only indecent ple today would have formerly been considered but traitorous they feel in the new-fangled ideas immoral." of their sons. Virtuous women of Islam through In Egypt, Syria and India groups less radical all the centuries since Mohammed have gloried in than the Nationalists who are in power in Turkey submission to what they felt was Allah's will.

"We know the 'kind of life you Westerners live,"

said some Arab women returning from a visit in India, to a fellow passenger who talked with them on the ship. "We have seen life in your country pictured in the movies at Bombay." Then they described indecorous behavior of men and women together as they had seen it pictured on the screen.

That sort of thing would be to their minds the inevitable result of discarding the veil and giving to women a position similar to that enjoyed by men.

That freedom has its perils cannot be denied.

BAHREIN GIRLS' SCHOOL MADE OF DATE' STICKS When the veil is taken from the face of women a veil of character to shield the heart becomes imare endeavoring to secure social justice for women perative. Western civilization, nationalism and by reinterpreting Islam. Laws set down in the feminism must all have their part in bringing so- Koran to meet seventh century conditions need cial justice into Moslem homes; but all of these not be followed literally in the twentieth century together could not do for Ameena and her home they believe. And so, although more slowly than what Christ has done-that Saviour of whom she in Turkey, the status of women is beginning to be sings. raised in many Moslem countries.

In speaking of the effect of Islam on home life THE OHALLENGE OF ISLAM it is usual to consider principally the injustices imposed upon women. Educated Moslems are be- To win Moslems for Christ is a task of supreme ginning to realize that in the system of polygamy difficulty and many Christians regard it as one and in seclusion and lack of education for women, from which practically no results are to be exmen also suffer loss. In the face of opposition from pected. his superstitious and hysterical women-folk a man is helpless to apply the discoveries of modern Let it be admitted that it is the Evil-one's counscience to the care of his children. After losing terblast to the Gospel in the Eastern world. These child after chUd, in Arabia.where the infant mor- very facts make the conversion of a Moslem to tality is appalling, I have heard Moslem fathers Christ one of the most signal illustrations of the exclaim in despair, "What can I do? The women power and grace of God. In Moslem lands there are like cows!" Moreover, when men become edu- are today many men who once recited, five times cated in the Western sense as is happening more a day, with passionate conviction, the Moslem and more frequently in Iraq, for instance, they creed, but who now, with equal sincerity, are desire wives with whom they can enjoy compan- preaching Christ. In Morocco alone there are ionship. Sons frequently refuse to accept their little assemblies of believing and baptized natives, parents' choice of uneducated girls to be their who manifest the gifts and graces of the Spirit. brides. This fact perhaps more than any other Such instances are a clearer proof of the triinduces fathers to send their girls to school. umphant POWel' of the Gospel than the conver-· sion of hundreds of those, who, for various pre- Men students in Iran, I was told by the wife of disposing causes, are eagerly stretching out their an American professor in that country, are begin- hands for the Word of Life.-Condensed from a ning to bring their young wives to call in the mis- letter by Rev. E. J. Poole-Connor of the "North Africa Mission," printed in "The Christian" * Quoted from "Moslem Women Enter a New World," by Wood- (London).

small.

Ways of

'Tested Methods for Increasing Interest at Home s. EDITED BY MRS. ESTELLA AITCHISON, GRANVILLE, OHIO "New Roads in Ancient Islam" but rather mentioned as they ap- "The People of the Mosque," by L. pear in the outlines for work and Bevan Jones-a scholarly and detailed "To the majority of our church study sent in to this Department study of Islam and a challenge to members, the Moslem World is an un- by various denominations. In Christianity (cloth, $2.00). known sphere and therefore holds little this no discriminations have interest. To us as leaders is given been made. Leaders in any com- "Voices from the Near East"-writthe opportunity of opening up this munion have only to submit their ten by Christian nationals (50¢ and fascinating and most challenging prob- materials for the Editor's exam- 25¢) . lem facing the world mission of the ination, whereupon they will be Christian Church today." given attention and publicity in "Young Islam on Trek," by Basil the interests of the common Mathews (25¢). "Glimpses of the Moslem World good. show us that change is the order of "Islam Awakens," by Herrick B. the day. Whether it be a surge of The Source Material Young – a course for senior high nationalism here, a welling up of re- school groups (25¢). ligious fervor there, a zigzag course The main study book is, of of progress and reaction elsewhere, or course, "Mecca and Beyond," by "Masoud the Bedouin," by Alfreda just an unheralded drift from the old Dr. and Mrs. Edward M. Dodd, Post Carharlr-stories of Bedouin life moorings, there is something going on priced at 50¢ and $1.00. One of (25¢) . which is unprecedented in extent and the most excellent "How to Use" scope in all the thirteen centuries booklets (15¢) the writer has "Tales from Moslem Lands," edited since Mohammed. Modern civilization ever seen furnishes the plans for by William W. Reid (50¢). is flooding un on the world of Islam young folks and adults, men and and changing the face of that world. women alike. In addition to pro- "Christian Adventures in Moslem . . . The great question is, 'Whither, gram outlines of the subject mat- Lands," by Winifred Hulberlr-a study Islam?'" (From "How to Use," ter, complete worship services, for intermediate groups (25¢). Mecca and Beyond.) poems and the like, there are suggestions for invitations in- "Doorways," by Mary Entwistle- Our foreign mission theme is clusive of 0 utI in e picture stories for juniors (75¢ and 50¢). so rich in subject matter, so col- sketches, two complete dramaorful in plans for pres.entation, tizations and plans for a variety "Musa: a Son of Egypt," by Perkso dynamic in possibilities that of others, plans for use of life ins and Entwistle-a primary course it would be wasteful to give stories taken from the book, im- (25¢). space to prefatory remarks. personations, imaginary broad- Sampling the main study book casts, airplane trips, etc., a rib- "The Story of Musa," by Entwistle or any of its supplementary vol- bon demonstration, a candle (25¢) . umes, or of the articles in the lighting service, a "convers'abody of this magazine, may well tion" between a Moslem and a "Esa: a Little Boy of Nazareth," be trusted to win students with- Christian, a "pageant of antiq- by E. Mildred Neville-for beginners out explanatory "sales talk." uity," a new "Riddle of the (25¢) . The potentialities bound up in Sphinx," matching and other the theme, "The Moslem World," "tests," an "impersonation of the A variety of others may be readi.ly are explosive enough to rend pyramids," questions for prac- located from the listings of Boards of Christendom, or powerful enough tical discussions and many other Missionary Education, or denominato furnish motive power for devices for making topics attrac- tional publishing houses. building the King's Highway tive and forceful. "Effective Ways of Working" through the Orient. So whether Supplementary books: with the Study Topics making this an entire unit of study or merely incorporating it "What Is This Moslem World?" by The Central Committee on into some addresses and pro- Charles R. Watson ($1.00 and 60¢). United Study of Foreign Misgrams, our readers cannot afford sions, 186 Massachusetts Ave., to turn it down because not rep- "The Young Moslem Looks at Life," Boston, MMS.: resenting a field of endeavor in by Murray T. Titus ($1.00 and 60¢). their own denominational work. Miss M. H. Leavis, its secretary, "The Christian Approach to Mos- states that she has had great difficulty As in last month's citation of lems," by T. H. P. Sailer – a study in securing the illustrative curios helps for the home theme, ma- with teaching aids for adults (25¢). such as enlivened our study of Africa terials are not all listed under last year, receiving either nothing or their many publication sources, [495 ] novelties in too small quantities to be because of our space limitations, advertised, but that she is ready to furnish the following aids, in mim- eographed form: Life stories of the authors of "Mecca and Beyond"-Dr. and Mrs. Dodd ………………. 5¢ Story-"He Sent the Comforter" (to be read and questioned upon) ……..•…………. 51/'

Poem-"Desert Thirst," by Mary W. Vassar (Moslem woman's dream of God) ………….. 31/'

Poem – "Our Moslem Sisters" (communion story on "Has Any One Been Missed?") ……… 3¢

Poem-"The Tapestry Weavers". 3¢ saw. She asks, "What if we could The United Christian Mission- Plays- see all around the world through win- ary Society, Missions Bldg., 222 dows in all countries? Would you like "My Baby Is Sick," by Mary to try it? Which countries would you Downey Ave., Indianapolis, Ind.: Vassar – two women and a like to see? Can you think of any doll. . . …. . . . . . . .. . . . … .. 5¢ friends you would like to meet?" A Has no work in Mpslem lan_ds but game is then played in which the chil- "Yesterday – Today," by M;ary dren in the circle represent different expects to devote two months to the Vassar – mother and daugh- nations and the child in the center study topics and will use materials ter dialogue …………… 5¢ chooses from whatever nation she pre- to be mentioned later in the year. fers, the old tune, "Go in and out the Their catalogue mentions "Moslem "Persian Proverbs and Wise Say- Windows" to be used with words be- Children"-pictures at 50¢ per set, ings" •…………………. 3¢ ginning, "Go round and round the and a "Cut-out Sheet of Moslem "The Experiences of a Moham- nations." Types" at 15¢. medan in Christian America," "What We See First through Open by Mrs. F. G. Platt. . . . . . . . . . 3¢ Baptist Board of Missionary Windows" shows a picture of Christ Place cards – picture of "Mecca and the children of all races. Leader Education, 152 Madison Ave., and Beyond" on green card with directs conversation to the idea of N. Y.: . space for name ………. each 1¢ God's garden with differently colored flowers, these being the children of all The graded missionary materials ar- A Window Transparency-the lands. "Weare going to visit this ranged by this board are for use in camels and the star (directions garden and enjoy these flowers." A Sunday schools or organized groups of for making) ……………. 3¢ song, "His Garden," is then sung. It corresponding age interests. In order- is suggested that Friendship Paper ing the publications listed, note that "The Mecca Certificate"-a beauti- Dolls be used in this connection (four all materials marked (*) should come ful reproduction in a series of four dolls eight inches high, like real chil- from the board headquarters as cited plates (9x22in.) of the certificate dren of various oriental countries, above, but books and other helps (ingiven to every Mohammedan who price 25¢ a set). clusive of publications of other demakes the pilgrimage to Mecca. The nominations) are to be obtained from art work is fine and intricate. Ex- Succeeding lessons emphasize the the American Baptist Publication Soplanation and translation accompanies needs we see through open windows, ciety, 1701 Chestnut St., Philadelphia, certificate. 10¢. ourselves through open window, "The Pa., or its various bookstores. World Looks through Our Windows- Cash must accompany all orders for And What Does It See?" etc. Beginners: the foregoing materials. Auxiliary materials suggested and "Esa: a Little Boy of Nazareth" Women's Missionary Society which may be ordered through the furnishes the main story material. of United Lutheran Church, 723 For visualizations, use "Friends in Muhlenberg Bldg., Philadelphia, Lutheran headquarters are: Everyland"-12 pictures with story Pa.: on back of each, including "A Moslem Picture Sheets in "Child Life of Friend in India" and "A Friend in "Zahia" – dialogue between Mo- the World" ………….. each 25¢ Turkey," 25¢ (listed elsewhere by its hammedan bride and school- publishers, the Women's Society of the mate ………….. 3¢ or 6 for 10¢ Lutheran Picture Sheets on Af- United Lutheran Church); "Posters rica, India and Japan …. each 5¢ of Moslem Children," 25¢; and hand- Special Program Helps to Use work such as "Arabian Village Cut- with "Open Windows" ……. 15¢ Picture Maps of Africa, India .. out"-eight cardboard sheets with di- ……………………. each 50¢ rections for coloring, 50¢; "Desert This pamphlet is especially helpful Life Panel Posters"-four brown sepia in presenting the book to children. Picture, "The Hope of the World" panels, 12×36, with colored cut-outs to Its keynote is in the opening para- (Christ and the children) …. be pasted on, 50¢; "Near East Paintgraph: "Through open windows that ………… postcard size, 5¢; ing Book"-seven pictures with colorlook out into the world, we see boys sepia, 35¢; large size in colors, 60¢ ing instructions, 10¢. Other stories and girls in China and India, in Af- recommended are "Just Like You" by rica and Egypt, in Japan and Borneo. Picture games – I n d i a, Africa, Lucy W. Peabody-a book of stories The stories of their lives and adven- China ………………. each 20¢ from many lands, 25¢; "A First Book tures are told so vividly that it is not of World Friendship," by the same hard to feel that we really see them Pictures through Magic Windows author-a collection of "Just Like You through the open windows. The leader -18 Bible pictures and verses Stories" in six little books, $1.50. may also reverse the idea so that the in attractive form ……….. 75¢ boys and girls realize that children of Primary: other countries are watching us also. "Friends in Everyland"-12 sto- The book contains ten stories. Each ries with large picture ……. 25¢ The stories are found in "Missionmay be told separately or some of the ary Stories to Tell," which contains material may be combined and used Teaching Pictures on Rural Life two short stories from Moslem lands. for six or more programs. The lead- around the World ………… 50¢ $1.00 and 50¢; "Our Little Friends of er's aim is to open the windows of a the Arabian Desert" (illustrated) child's heart and help him to make Presbyterian Board of Na- which takes us to visit the children of friends with all people who pass by." tional Missions, Central Distrib- a Bedouin sheik, $1.00; "The Story of uting Department, 156 Fifth Musa," by Entwistle-eight illustrated The ensuing pamphlet suggests Ave., N. Y. (Checks payable to narratives, 25¢; "Graded Foreign ways for leaders to carry out the fore- Central Distributing Department Mission Stories" (*), to be ready in going ideal, furnishes an outline guide December, 15¢. for each program, hymns, prayers, of the Mission Boards) : Scripture, a long list of excellent The visualizations and handwork group activities in the way of poster In addition to the study books listed are "Children from Manv Lands"- making, dramatizations and construc- previously, with their respective teach- portfolio posters of children of 10 tion work, outline illustrations of ing helps, "Fun and Festival from countries, llx14 in., in colors, with posters, directions for making an in- Moslem Lands" (25¢); "Primary Pic- verse for each picture, $1.00; "Life ternational house or village, map in Moslem Lands"-21 pictures with work, plans for scrap books, etc. ture Stories – M 0 s I e m Children" descriptive titles, 25¢, and all the ma- (25¢); and a moving picture, "Islam terials listed for the beginners. A sample of some of the preliminary in Egypt" are listed. Special attenplans will furnish an idea of the tion is called to this last valuable item, Juniors: method employed: which is a one-reel film taking ap- proximately 15 minutes to show. The The Stories are "Doorways," 75¢ Introducing the idea of theme, the rental price is $1.25 in 16mm. and $2.00 and 50¢; "Graded Foreign Mission leader has the children-individually in 35mm., plus transportation charges. or in groups-look through the largest ordering from Visual Aids Division of window near them, then tell what they The Westminster Press, 925 Wither- spoon Bldg., Philadelphia, Pa.

"Living Water" is a play taking 20 minutes, 13 women, 2 children (5¢).

EFFECTIVE WAYS OF WORKING

Stories on Missions and World Peace" "Hostess Hints," covering menus Oriental music suitable for Moslem (*), 15¢; material from the primary and recipes for Arab cookery, 10¢. studies includes "Where My Caravan section. Has Rested," "Till the Sands of the "Traceaole Sketches" – outlines of Desert Grow Cold," "Bedouin Love Visualizations and handwork include flags, suggestions for place cards, Song" and "Kashmiri Song," with a picture map of the world-art map fruits, human figures, etc., which may other selections from collections of 30×50 in. with 23 small pictures to be readily be copied by tracing and used Oriental Music by Amy Woodfordepasted on, 50¢ "Cut-out Sheets of in a variety of social ways, 10¢. Finden. Inquire of any music dealer. Moslem Types"-20 outline sketches with directions for coloring, 10¢; "Islam," a dramatization with nar- The Religious Motion Picture "Friends of the Caravan Trails"- rator and 14 characters – outstand- Foundation has now merged its intersuggestions for handwork on pp. 21- ingly informing and worthful, 15¢. ests with those of another concern and 24, also sketches in insert sheet, 25¢; should now be addressed as Departmaterials listed under primary section. Sketches, "Mohammed" (4¢), and ment of Visualization, Harmon Founda- "Mohammedanism" (3¢). tion, 140 Nassau St., New York. It Intermediate and Young People: has a large number of religious and Story, "The Forgotten Words," 5¢. educational moving picture films in Story telling from "Tales from Leaflet (easily dramatized), "A stock, and each year additional ones Moslem Lands"-illustrated adventure Kabyle Wedding," 4¢. on the current study topics are prestories, 50¢; "M,asoud the Bedouin," Young women have a course on pared with the heln of an interde- 25¢; "The Beloved Physician of Te- "Highways and Skyways in Minaret nominational committee. heran," $1.00; "The Moslem World" Lands," including the textbook, for -a book of facts about foreign mis- 60¢. Some Rural Programs sions (*), 15rb. For Standard Bearers (of junior age), "Moslem Adventures on the By ANNYE ALLISON Visualizations and handwork include Magic Carpet of Imagination" con- "Christian Adventures in Moslem tains all necessary materials for a For primary pupils, make Lands" – suggestions for handwork, program of strong appeal to young 25¢ ; Set of Twelve Charts with folks, $1.00. poster headed "Win Rural Amergraphs for blackboard work or poster "Doorways" (50¢) and its "How to ica for Christ," showing church, making, 50¢ per set; Maps of the Use" (10¢) are recommended for the Sunday school, daily vacation Moslem World, to be colored and wired younger groups, along with materials Bible school, young people's for project purposes-wall map 30×46 listed elsewhere in this Department. meeting, hospital, orphanage, in., 60¢; large outline map, 28×32 in., 25¢; small outline map, llx14 in., 25¢ Woman's Board of Foreign colporteur, etc. Dramatize some per dozen; and some of the materials Missions, Reformed Church in features. Have group of chilfor the younger groups. America, 25 East 22d St., New dren pretending to fish or pick York: berries, and let lady enter and There is one stereopticon lecture on invite them to the D. V. B. S. the Moslem World, revised by Dr. "Camel Bells"-complete programs which is to begin the next day. Zwemer, entitled "The Spread of including semi-dramatic and easily When children arrive, seat them Islam." It rents for $2.00 and car- dramatized material, under the topics in circle with lady in center to riage both ways. Address the Vis- "Letters from a Saddle Bag," "Cara- tell a good religious story. Pass ualization Department, Council on van Trails," "Oases" and "Behind the paper and crayons and have chil- Finance and Promotion, 152 Madison Lattice," 10¢. dren draw pictures to illustrate Ave., N. Y. "God's Good Gifts" or "God's "Playmates in Mission Lands"-at- Beautiful World." Hymn, "Jesus Plays: "Black Tents" -life among tractive illustrated primer booklet on Loves the Little Children of the Bedouins in Syria; 4 boys, 3 girls, A, B, C plan, for very young children, World" ; the Lord's Prayer; 20 minutes, 25¢; "Tara Finds the and including Arabian features. simple Bible verse such as "God Door to Happiness"-life of Moslem is love," "Suffer the Little Chilwomen and girls in India; 2 women, "Under Many Flags," 5¢. dren," etc., following with the 7 girls, 2 boys, 30 minutes, 25¢. "Silhouettes," 5¢. circle talk and another hymn. "True-False Test on Arabia," 1¢ "The School of Missions"-a hand- each sheet. The brighter side of the hosbook of information on setting up a "Cross Word Puzzle on Arabia," 2¢ pital theme may be dramatized school, by William A. Hill, free (*). each sheet. by having a child who has been "Fun and Festival from Moslem cured waiting for his mother to Woman's Foreign Missionary Lands," 25¢. take him home. Nurse wearing Society, M ethodiJst Episcopal Wall Map of Moslem World (60¢) white dress, cap and apron and Church, 581 Boylston St., Bos- and Outline Maps of Moslem World arm band with red cross on it is ton, Mass.: (large size, 25¢; small, 25¢ per with him and teaches him a Bible dozen) . verse. Child presently runs to "Complete Program Outlines for "Spiritual Adventuring" is a very meet mother telling how good Auxiliaries" (woman's societies), giv- worthful manual of worship for mis- people have been to him, about ing suggestions and plans for a year's sionary societies, giving complete out- the cards, Bible verses, hymns, work, 25¢. This begins with a beau- lines, including poems and prayers, etc., which he will repeat when tiful installation service for the offi- for a year's meetings, 10¢. he gets home. At nurse's call the cers and continues through Moham- doctor enters and mother pours medan studies including "The Moslem Additional Helps and out her gratitude for a denomand His World," "North of the Sa- Suggestions inational hospital to which counhara," "Christmas and the Christ's try people with very little money Land," "Behind the Bourka," "The Further missionary dramatics, ob- can send their sick children. Sword of the Moslem." Additional tainable from sources whose addresses programs of universal application have already been given herein are: [CONTINUED IN NOVEMBER.] (omitting one specific to Methodist "An Afternoon in Arabia"-10 young plans) are on "Christian College Stu- women and girls, taking about 10 dents around the World," "World minutes-5¢ (W. B. F. M. of Reformed Citizenship," and "On the Road to Church) . Hangchow." May be used by groups in any denomination. "Christ or Mahomet – Which?" 4 scenes, 12 characters, 15 minutes-10¢ Excellent coordinated materials are: (W. F. M. S. of M. E. Church).

"Go Ye," a year's devotional out- "Kasim"-modern life in Persia, 5 lines, 15¢. men, 5 women, 1 hour-25¢ (Mission- ary Education Movement, 150 Fifth Ave., N. Y.). The Council of Women for Home Missions EDITH E. LOWRY, EXECUTIVE SECRETARY, 105 EAST TWENTY-SECOND STREET, NEW YORK Over half of the population of the United States is rural. Under what conditions do they live? What are their problems? What groups have special needs?

How should they be met? Is the church meeting the needs of Rural America? What must we do to Rebuild Rural America that it may be a part of a great Christian nation of which we can be proud? What lessons can Rural America teach us today? The contribution of Rural Amer- ica to urban life and the develop- fllent of the nation has been great, as has been its contribu- tion to the Christian Church, which has its roots in rural life.

CHARLOTTE M. BURNHAM.

STUDY BOOKS For Adulbs Rebuilding Rural America, by Mark A. Dawber.

A PRAYER THE CHURCH AND RURAL Dr. Dawber has for years trav- eled the whole United States as Teach me, Father how to go AMERICA a leader in rural church work. Softly as the grasses grow; He reports graphically what is Hush my soul to meet the shock This is the month when many happening to,rural America, and Of the wild world as a rock; of the women's societies will take describes rural people and con- But my spirit, propt with power, up their studies of the home mis- structive enterprises that the Make as simple as a flower. sions theme for 1937-38. The churches are undertaking. A books this year are not only in- chapter is given to groups with Let the dry heart fill its cup, tensely interesting and challeng- special needs as the Migratory Like a poppy looking up; ing, but are vitally related to our Worker, the Southern High- Let life lightly wear her crown national life and the critical pe- lander, and the American In- Like a poppy looking down, riod in which we are living. As dian. Cloth, $1.00.. paper, 60 When its heart is filled with dew many of the speakers at the Mis- cent8. And its life begins anew. sions Institutes this summer have pointed out, we can no longer The Church and American Rural Our Father, help us to root expect to hide our own family Life, by Benson Y. Landis. our lives as deeply as Thy trees, skeletons from the world, and which grow so grandly; to rise unchristian conditions in our- A leader's guide based on Restraight and true as Thy grasses, own country, and unchristian building Rural America, conwhich grow so simply; to make behavior toward other countries, taining many helpful suggestions the results of our living as-beaU- prove a stumbling block to the for study groups for city and tiful as Thy flowers. Amen. foreign missionary as well to rural churches. Paper, 25 cent8. those at home who are trying to "Sorvices fr>r th.e Open." spread the Gospel of Jesus. Migrant Laborers. They Starve T hat We May Eat.

Two million migratory workers ' on the road, in the fields and at the canneries; a challenging problem in the rural field with a description of a challenging program of action for the church. . This composite study has been written by authorities in the church and secular field [498 ]

BULLETIN OF THE COUNCIL OF WOMEN FOR HOME MISSIONS

and edited by Edith E. Lowry, joyed to learn that I was to go School Methods, Adult Educa- Executive Secretary and na- to Lisle, New York, for a set- tion Methods, Round-Table Dis- tional Director of Migrant ting-up conference. cussions on Work with Young Work. Paper, 35 cents. People, Handicraft, Health Pro- Nearly fifty migrant workers gram, Infant Care, Nutrition, For Young People who are to serve in the Eastern Methods in Work with Children, Migrant camps this summer ar- Methods in Recreation, First Aid Highland Heritage, by Edwin E. rived in Lisle, a typical, peace- and Camp Sanitation, and a dis- White. ful, happy, country community, cussion on our relationship to and were welcomed most gra- the community, the employer The book has literary charm and ciously by our host and hostess, and the migrant. the task of the churches in rural Dr. and Mrs. Richard Edwards. America is vividly illustrated by [This little community has a By the third day, many doubts what is happening as new high- population of three hundred and had come to my mind. Can I do ways and power lines are driven our conference, plus a young all that these other people have through the isolated valleys of people's conference, swelled the done before me and can I put in the "horseback country." Cloth, number to four hundred. You these long hours each day? $1.00; paper, 60 cents. may well see that we overflowed the Inn, the conference rooms For the last vesper service on Rural America Challenges Chris- and the village homes.] Saturday evening, we climbed up to the highest point in this local- tian Youth, by Edwin E. White. PICNIC LUNCH AT A MIGRANT CENTER ity where we seemed to be on the top of the world. I felt, almost A leader's guide based on High- The first evening we met for instantly, a great sense of peace land Heritage containing sug- vespers on a near-by hillside steal over me. My doubts seemed gestions. for youth groups as an looking out over the valley be- to vanish during this vesper approach to the study of the low. This experience instilled service and I felt a sense of re- church in rural America. Paper, in me a sense of quiet and in- newed strength to carryon in 25 cents. spired courage for the many this chosen work. "May I prove hard days ahead. Later that my mettle and may I bring these For Children evening, former migrant work- people the ideals and under- ers gave us a bird's-eye view of standing that will enable them Missionary Stories to Tell. the work and their experiences to come to a greater feeling of in the migrant centers. These fellowship with God and an Thirty-eight of the best mission- girls had worked very hard, had understanding of the meaning of ary stories to tell to primary and experienced many hard, long Christian fellowship that will junior children. Cloth, $1.00; hours that must be put in in any lead them into a more meaning- paper, 50 cents. center, and still were ready and fullife"-this was my prayer. happy to go forward into another Lifting Today Above Its Past, by year. How cheering this was One thing that Dr. Eric Grace McGavran. for me! Thomsen said in one of his talks with us shall always remain with An interesting and challenging Along about the second day a me. "If you suffer without suc- course on life in the country suspicion came into my mind ceeding, then some one after you places of America. This unit of that, perhaps, Miss Lowry was will succeed without suffering work for intermediate groups breaking us into this migrant and if you succeed without suf- contains selected oackground ma- work here at Lisle. We arose at fering, then some one before you terial and can be given without 6: 30 in order to arrive in time has suffered without succeed- additional sources, although use- for breakfast at 7: 30 and were ing." This seems to sum up in ful references are cited. Paper, kept busy each and every minute my mind our work. Will we suc- 35 cents. until 10: 30 at night. During ceed now in our endeavors with these hours, we had the oppor- these people, or will we pave the Ship East-Ship West, by Eliza:- tunity of a varied program way for some one after us to beth Miller Lobingier. which included staff conferences, courses in R u r a I Sociology, succeed? This first volume of a new series Kindergarten Methods, Nursery I cannot stop here without of source books for primary chil- dren introduces them to the sub- saying that I arrived at Whites- ject of world peace through bog, New Jersey, twelve days stories and simple facts. Mrs. ago and have worked as I have Lobingier is a skilled teacher never before for such a long and the author of Stories of stretch of time, seven days every Shepherd Life and other vol- week. I find these people to be umes. Illustrated. Cloth, $1.00; a happy, friendly, courageous, paper, 50 cents. hard-working race who seem as little children in so many ways For Reading List refer to the June number and who need our guidance and of THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD, understanding. pages 334-335. HARRIET CLOSTER. THE SETTING-UP CON- FERENCE AT LISLE, NEW YORK July 23 to July 27, 1937 After making my decision to devote my summer to working among the Migrants, the feeling came over me many times that I was going into this man-sized job with little knowledge of previous conditions, methods or results and was, therefore, over-

AND SIAM to save that which is lost." In India launched on its first voyage

dedicated for its work of minis- Toward Greater Efficiency Christianity is everything to the De- try. It is chiefly to the workers At Montgomerywala in the pressed Classes, It is with them in in the rice lands that this float- Punjab, a church committee is ing dispensary is sent, and their forming itself into small groups, their work, in their homes, in their need is great indeed, as they are each of which will tackle some entirely without medical help. particular need. For instance, fields. It has "found" them. Then Many of their homes are quite three or four members are to form a hygiene committee to see Christianity has found the criminal inaccessible except by boat, and that the village is kept clean and during the monsoon flood time to teach the people to realize the tribes-men who were regarded as alneed of sufficient light and air in thousands more are cut off; even their houses; another committee most lower than the beasts, men who food must be brought from great i's to find out special cases of pov- distances by boat. During two erty resulting from illness or were guilty of unheard-of evil. I saw months of the monsoon no work some other cause, and to report them to the church committee; these same men giving all their power can be done in the rice fields, and and a third group will teach the people the privilege of giving, to help each other. I heard them sing, which few have learned. and saw men whom I had been told The women are also assuming more responsibility. A Zenana would never work, working for the Committee, some· of them quite illiterate, take care of a weekly sheer joy of doing that which was usemeeting, where one leads the devotionals, another reads the les- ful. – The Chru.stw' n. son, and a third gives a talk. Once a month there is a witness A Practical Experiment meeting, when any who have received special help witness to In the Punjab a different cen- the people of the backwaters are what God has done for them. faced with terrible want. No ter is chosen each month, and all work means no money and no -C. M. S. Outlook. the congregations of the C. M. S. food. They borrow-and pledge Mission, within a radius of eight The Salvation Army away the whole of the next har- miles, assemble. The men and vest to keep themselves alive till Lord Willingdon, former vice- boys form a procession which roy of India, pays tribute to the marches around the village sing- that harvest can be sown. work of the Salvation Army in that part of the Empire. He says ing psalms and hymns. Mean- The voyage of the new boat is he has watched this work for 16 years, and declares there is not while the women and girls gath- carefully planned. There are a public official who would not er in the courtyard and sing. three "ports of call" to be visited express gratitude for such as- Then they are seated in an open each month. The boat is tied up, sistance as the Army is giving in space outside the village, which the stores and medicines are prohumanizing, Christianizing and duced and patients begin to arcivilizing those who are thought is decorated with colored paper rive. A clinic under the trees is to be beyond the reach of good flags, texts and mottoes such as: influence. "Do not get into debt," "Learn held each day for ten days, then Speaking of her visit to India. General Evangeline Booth says': to read," "Be sober." By this the boat is moved to another I never knew until I undertook this time the congregation has been place, not to return for a year. journey the meaning of the words, "The Son of man is come to seek and swelled by a good number of Thousands of people, for whom non-Christians. There is more medical help is available only singing, an opening address ex- from the two floating dispensa- plaining the obj ect of the meet- ries, are ministered to for less ing, and touching on the broth- than a month, then have to erhood of mankind through the be left "as sheep having no Fatherhood of God, addresses by shepherd."

two or three of the manads on -C. M. S. Outlook.

the causes, effects and remedies of debts, illiteracy, poverty, and Festival of Lights a closing address, giving the defi- While there are many unlove- nite Christian message. -C. M. S. Outlook. ly features attached to India's popular festivals, some of them Travancore's Floating _ have beauty and value. At Das- Dispensary ahara time children may be seen· in the evening going about car- Early this year the second rying various colored lights floating dispensary which is to which from a distance have the ply up and down the backwaters appearance of being lanterns so of Travancore, bringing help arranged as throw out light and relief to so many, was through odd openings. An inves- [500 ]

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

tigation discloses the contriv- Bangkok Christian College CHINA ance to be simple enough. A Bangkok Christian College is The Challenge in China small earthen vessel has been looking forward to the day when their plant will be moved to the made wIth openings cut in the new site. Ten years ago new Dr. Charles T. Leber and Dr. property was purchased between side in fanciful designs. Over Bangkok and Paknam at a loca- J. L. Dodds, new secretaries of tion that seemed very remote. this is pasted colored paper and Today, with government high- the Presbyterian Board of For- way improvement, the new site the little oil lamp placed on the is only fifteen minutes distant eign Missions, recently com- from Bangkok, by motor car. inside turns this crude lantern pleted a tour of the mission The staff now includes sixteen into something quite fantastic. Siamese and three foreign teach- fields. Of China, Dr. Leber says: ers on duty, with a few others It is the custom for" children, es- on furlough. "The country is magnificent pecially of the servant class, to When the Educational Com- in its possibilities and presents mittee of the Siam Mission put go with these lights to the houses on a Teachers' Institute at the a tremendous challenge to Chris- beginning of the year, seventy of their masters and others from Christian teachers from mission tianity. The lives of Christian schools of three denominations whom they expect gifts at Das- were in attendance. faith and sacrifice that have ahara time. These children run- Nearly four hundred boys are been put into this land are bear- ning about from house to house ing fruit. The whole nation is in the darkness with these lights progressing but I have been es- make a very striking feature of pecially impressed with the rise the Dasahara festival. The chil- of Christianity. . . . It is in- dren themselves greatly enjoy spiring to see how the Chinese the part which they play, and leaders are re~ching out into the even aside from the gifts which areas of evangelism, Christian they receive, think the occasion education, young people's work one of great importance. Why and social welfare. . .. – not? -Indian Witness. "Mr. Arthur Rugh, formerly Begging for the Gospel in enrolled this year and classes are with the Y. M. C. A., but now Ceylon overcrowded. The government working independently among curriculum for the lower grades the students at Yenching, made does not permit the teaching of A Five-Year Plan of Evan- a survey of student thinking at gelism is being carried out in Bible in the regular schedule, so Yenching. He held personal in- C e y lon, all the Protestant Churches cooperating. Recent- that subject is now taught be- terviews with two hundred of ly, a long closed door unex- the students and is amazed at pectedly opened in Eheliyagoda. fore the opening of the official the thinking they are doing along A man came there from another district, bringing with him a Bi- day in the first six classes. In the lines of religion. They are ble and a very limited knowledge even asking why no greater pOSIof Christianity, but the little he the upper division there has knew he passed on. The people tive Christian approach has been been no need to make this made to them, though most of -Siam Outlook. them are not Christian. A list change. was made of 500 questions which Siam Cares for Lepers of Eheliyagoda are low caste, The Siamese Government has students are asking about reliand were at once attracted to a been watching with interest the gion. A group of educators are religion where all men are equal, chain of 23 leper clinics, laid out considering the possibilities of and were quick to see that Chris- by Dr. J. H. McKean, Presbyte- religious instruction being pertianity would bring them social rian missionary; and now pro- mitted in the schools. At a conuplift as well. So they asked to poses a plan to establish self- ference of' Christian middle be taught. One group of evan- supporting government colonies school principals in Shanghai gelists went from house to in several sections of the coun- the Mayor of Shanghai arose house; another held an open air try, with the same type of organ- and gave testimony as to his meeting. New Testaments were ization as now exists in mission Christian faith. He charged the eagerly bought. At these meet- clinics. The first step will be to principals that their duty as ings, which continued, there train government doctors and Christian principals was to make would be two or three simple assistants at the Chiengmai col- their schools Christian. One addresses, including one to the ony. Then a special leprosy of- trembles to realize what a tragchildren, who are always present ficer and committee will be ap- edy it will be if the Christian in large numbers. Between ad- pointed to make a survey, do forces do not unite and do not dresses the people would ask propaganda work among the move forward to meet the chalquestions or explain their diffi- people, and establish, as the first lenge of this present opportuculties. At the end, the village of the series, a large farm col- nity." headman would select points ony with up-to-date treatment. from the various addresses and If this plan renders mission War Against Opium compare them with Buddhist clinics unnecessary, they will at China seems determined to doctrines, pointing out the ad- least have served to stimulate wipe out the opium curse. On vantages of Christianity. the government to recognize and the eve of the New Year, before -L. M. S. Chronicle. accept its own responsibility. a large crowd at the famous Con-

fucius temple in Nanking, huge ciety," interdenominational, is JAPAN-CHOSEN quantities of opium, and para- putting into operation a plan to phernalia of opium addicts were send forth evangelistic bands of Church Worship burned. Long before this meet- trained men and women to the ing, placards were distributed market towns, let them locate Church service in Japan has and posted on the doors of every there for about two weeks and so me interesting differences house and shop, and slogans from that as a center, visit every from American customs. The written on white streamers home in all the surrounding vil- tray for offerings is always were displayed everywhere an- lages, and freely give the people passed to the minister as well as nouncing: the Word of God. They will also to the congregation. If the ush- do personal work and preach on er fails to do this, the minister 1. Beginning Jan. 1, 1937, hopeless the streets of every village. They will walk from the pulpit and narcotic addicts will be executed. will return to the market towns deposit his money. The sexes arc in the evening, where special separated in all church services: 2. Beginning Jan. 1, 1937, first-time meetings are held in halls, tel!l- men on one side and women on opium smokers will be heavily pun- pIes, schools or homes. the other. This was the custom ished; after being arrested three in America a hundred years ago. times, they will be shot. These bands have already For thirty years Japanese Chris- gone to sixty-four market towns tians have used a common hym- 3. Narcotic addicts who desire to and, as they have worked out nal. Methodists, Presbyterians, escape these penalties should surren- from those centers, 3,482 villages Baptists and Congregationalists der themselves to the city clinics for have been finished. In these vil- all use the same songs of wortreatment on or before Dec. 31, 1936. lages there have been 390,049 ship. -Missionary Herald. homes with a population of near- Parades, depicting opium addicts be- ly two million people. In the Pastors Discuss Religious ing dragged to the g;:tllows with the 3,947 meetings held there have Topics wailing families trailing behind, were been some 691,657 people who also witnessed in the cities. heard the Gospel, besides having The Church of Christ in Ja- received 571,123 tracts and Gos- pan held a Pastors' Conference The regulation, control, pur- pels. As a direct result of this at its theological seminary in chase and sale of narcotic drugs work, 12,906 of those who were Tokyo August 30 to September for legitimate purposes in the dealt and prayed with, sought 4 as a part of the celebration of country were placed in charge Christ as their Saviour. the fiftieth anniversary of the of Division of Narcotics, newly church. Leading pastors and created bureau. Immediately -0. M. S. Standard. teachers lectured on the followthe following measures were put ing subjects: into effect: (1) It restricted the Bible Exhibit issuance of certificates for the The Creed of the Church of Christ importation of narcotic drugs; An exhibition of Bibles in in Japan. (2) it prepared an estimate of Peiping this year evidenced kinds and quantities of narcotic China's interest in the Christian The History of the Church During drugs for the nation's medical Scriptures. There were 300 en- the Meiji Era. and scientific use for 1936; and tries, representing 69 languages (3) it drafted measures for the and dialects, of which 17 were Protestant Credal Views of the Bicontrol of sales of narcotic Chinese. Among the Bibles were ble. drugs. some of a costly character, and others of priceless historical val- The Differences Between Catholi- In order to check recultivation ue. The volumes were lent by cism and Protestantism as a Means of of poppy in areas where poppy libraries, universities, individ- Understanding the Gospel. cultivation existed before but uals and various mission groups. has now been absolutely prohib- The British and Foreign Bible The Main Currents and Problems of ited, the "Measures for General Society lent the famous Morri- Contemporary Theology. Detection and Suppression of son Bible of 1823 and the Morri- Poppy Cultivation" were issued. son New Testament of that same The Thought of the Old Testament date, printed from wooden Prophets. -China Weekly Review. blocks made 10 years earlier. There was also the first Protes- The Church and Culture. Market Town Campaign tant Chinese version to be pub- The Fundamental Principles of the lished. Protestant Reformation. Generally speaking, China's vas t population is grouped No V'olume, however, attracted_ Open discussions were conaround market towns. It is esti- as much attention as the Manda- ducted on The Pulpit and the mated that there are some 40,- rin Bible loaned by Generalis- Church; The Sunday School 000 market towns in China, and simo Chiang Kai-shek-the one and the Church; The Pastor and that an average of about twenty- he used during his imprisonment His Readings, and The Church five surrounding villages are fed at the time of the Sian revolt in and Society. by each market town. On mar- December, 1936. ket days, held every third day, -Translated from Fukuin the people of these villages flock -Monday Morning. Shimpo. to the market towns to do theIr buying, selling and "neighbor- Kagawa Fellowship ing." The Kagawa Fellowship in Ja- The "Oriental Missionary So- pan is an informal organization of about 150 Occidental friends of Dr. Kagawa living in Japan, whose purpose is to share with

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

Kagawa in the rich experience missionaries were sent to the Manchuria, and helping to send that God has given him; to study Chinese in East Shantung, them to China and elsewhere. his program for the extension of China. This work has been the Kingdom of God, and as far maintained for 25 years and the The Australian Mission as possible to cooperate with him Korean missionaries there are in achieving this program. The ministering to 25 churches and South Kyengsang, in which fellowship assists Dr. Kagawa in groups in which are enrolled the Australian Presbyterian the translation of his writings 1,500 professing Chinese Chris- Mission has work, is the third into English, gives information tians. smallest of the thirteen provabroad and in Japan about his inces of Korea. It is the most work, and endeavors to get The Korean churches are in- densely populated, the nearest whatever financial support for digenous, self-propagating, self- to Japan and according to stahis program it can. supporting, but need more mis- tistics it consumes per capita sionaries to help in the evangel- the largest amount of beer. Effort is being made to obtain ization of 22,000,000 Koreans in These three circumstances presupport for the promising Medi- Korea, a million in Manchukuo sent their own problems. cal Cooperative Society in To- and 500,000 in Japan proper. kyo, an interesting pro j e c t In 1914, when the mission of started by Kagawa. More than -Korea Mission Field. the Presbyterian Church, U. S. seven thousand people are mem- A., handed over this province to bers of it. The society has a hos- Protestant Christian the Australian mission there pital with fifty-one beds as well were 101 churches, 1887 bapas conducting a clinic, dispen- Membership tized members and 3,816 adhersary and visiting nurse service. ents. Just now money is being raised Of 410,000 enrolled Protesto erect a residence for the tant Christians in Korea, 78 per Comparing these statistics nurses; the building will be cent are Presbyterians, 14 per with those of 1936, we find that called the Nitobe Memorial in cent Methodists and eight per now there are: churches 313, remembrance of Dr. Inazo Ni- cent of other denominations. Of baptized members 7,941, adhertobe. -Christian Observer. the total number 210,000 are ents 26,955. either baptized or members on "God Shelf" for Kitchens probation. The remaining 200,- Each of the five stations has 000 are enrolled as professing some form of institutional work. One of the large department Christians and are regular at- The Harper Memorial High stores of Kyoto is displaying a tendants. School for Girls, near Fusanmod e 1 Japanese kit c hen, chin, trains Christian leaders equipped with electric icebox, With 3,880 churches and for church and school. The Vogas stove, kitchen cabinet, and groups, the average sized con- cational Farm School for Womso on. On the walls hang an gregation numbers about 100. en seeks and saves those in morelectric clock, a thermometer, The largest congregation in Ko- al danger and destitution, and and a small, but complete "god- rea is in the city of Sin Euiju the Paton Memorial Hospital ill shelf" for the spirit of the deity with 4,000 adherents. The Sun- Chinju cares for the sick, espethat presides over kitchens. The day school enrolment of 316,000 cially the sick poor. There are shelf is complete and up-to-date in the Presbyterian and Method- also Men's and Women's Lower with miniature lanterns and ist churches in Korea is about Bible Schools. dishes for the food offerings. the same as the total number of professing Christians. Method- -Korea Mission Field. -Living Church. ist and Presbyterian mission- aries in Korea number a little ISLANDS OF THE PACIFIC Korean Christianity more than 400. Many mission lands have a less number of mis- About the Philippines Of the first seven Koreans to sionaries in proportion to the be ordained to the ministry in population, but none h a v e Did you know that there are the Presbyterian Church, one yielded a better return for the three classes of people on the was sent as a home missionary expenditure of time and money. islands, each of a different colto the island of Quelpart. That or? That the Chinese have been church is now supporting 500 -Presbyterian Banner. coming to the island for years, evangelists to unevangelized dis- thus solving the employment tricts in Korea and to Koreans On Their Own problem, since a Filipino will in Manchukuo, Peiping, Shang- not work until the money he has hai and Japan proper. The A Presbyterian church in on hand is all gone? That 10,000 Methodist Church is also carry- Wiju, Korea, has a membership converts were received within ing on an extensive home mis- of 3,000. Not a cent of Ameri- ten years? That there are nine sion work among Koreans in can money has gone into the flourishing mission stations now Manchukuo. When the Korean work of that district for 20 in operation? That there are Presbyterian General Assembly years; no missionary lives witn- 7,000 Americans on the islands? was organized in 1912, three in 20 miles of it. The people That before American occupa- have erected and financed their tion funeral arrangements were own church and are sending mis- always made before calling in a sionaries across the border into physician? That only one and

one-eighth per cent of the popu- ments. In ten years they have and the imminent consummation lation are classed as Frotestant not only banded themselves into of union with the Methodist Christians? effective intelligent groups for Church of France. Nearer home, -Monday Morning. mutual improvement, but they the Alliance welcomed a new have transformed their village member in the Evangelical and Club Women in Polynesia life.-London Chronicle. Reformed Church. The Re- formed Church of the U. S. A., The Polynesians have been NORTH AMERICA recently united with the Evan- evangelized by Samoan Chris- Coordinated Missions gelical Church, was already a tians, who themselves received member.

the Gospel a hundred years ago. The International Foreign The International Women's Mission Association of North Council of Women's Missionary While the men folk have fishing America (composed of inde- Societies was recognized as the for excitement, the women have pendent undenominational mis- women's section of the Alliance, no activities which give interest sions) brings together for coun- with a provision that a certain and variety to island life. Miss E. sel sixteen mission enterprises, quota of del ega t e s shall be A. Downs, principal of the Girls'

School at Puapua, Samoa, sug- under which some 2,231 mis- chosen from the women, with au- sionaries are sent out. They ad- thority to hold sessions during gested that they form Women's the meeting of the council. Sim- Clubs, and that they should work minister over a million dollars ilar action was taken with retogether for the general uplift of annually, and go into many of gard to a youth section of those under 30 years of age, the deletheir village life, for the applica- the out-of-the-way corners of the gates of this group being authortion of simple laws of health and world. The doctrinal basis of hygiene, for mothercraft and in- all these missions is: (1) The fant welfare work, for the pres- plenary inspiration and divine ized to bring to the notice of council matters of deep concern ervation of native arts and authority of the Scripture; (2) to youth. crafts, for social intercourse and the Trinity, including the deity religious expression. They de- of Christ and the personality of -The Christian Century.

cided to call their club "The the Holy Spirit; (3) the fall of Women's Committee," and on man, his moral depravity, and Lutheran Church Leaguers each island the pastor's wife was his need of regeneration; (4) Interest in the education of made the leader. the atonement through the sub- youth tow a r d international Returning to visit the islands, stitutionary death of Christ; peace and continued support of Miss Downs found the women no (5) justification by faith in mission work through a special longer apathetic, but eager to Christ, apart from works; (6) project were the outstanding show what they were trying to the bodily resurrection of Christ, features of the twenty-first bien- do. In Nanumea they had re.- and also of the saved and the un- nial convention of the Luther vived their art of making beauti- saved; (7) the unending life of League of America at Spring- ful fans decorated with seabirds' the saved and the unending pun- field, Ohio, in July. The sessions feathers; in Nui the women were ishment of the unsaved; (8) the brought together between six making mats with patterns of personal, bodily and visible re- and seven hundred young people secret native dyes. In Nanu- turn of Christ. and leaders from the United maga there was a new taro plan- Lutheran churches throughout tation w h i c h their Women's Presbyterians in World the United States and Canada.

Committee had made in the face Council Climaxing the mISSIOnary of a good deal of jeering from Last June Montreal, most project for the past biennium the men; the women had grown Catholic of any large city in this much-valued food product North America, entertained the with a gift of more than $11,000 by dividing the swamp into General Council of the "Re- for a community center building workable sections with walls of formed Churches throughout the at T'ai Tung Chen in the foreign coral from the reef, and in them World Holding the Presbyterian mission field in Chi n a, the making soil from rubbish and System." The central theme Luther League of Arne ric a rotting vegetation; Nanumaga was "The Church in Modern adopted another $10,000 project had in the past been one of the Life." for the coming biennium. This poorest islands,. and liable to time the objective will be the famine, but here was a source of An advance was made in the complete furnishing of a medical prosperity. The women of Niu- unification of Reformed Chris- center established at Konnarock, tao were especially interested in tians. The Reformed Church of Virginia, for southern mounmaking soap from caustic soda. Denmark was admitted to mem- _taineers. bership in the Alliance, now Last year, the triennial church comprehending more than two The Convention of 1939 will conference saw women delegates hundred church groups through- be held at Long Beach, Cali- fornia.

for the first time, eager to ex- out the world. The Reformed Bible Teaching in Kansas change ideas and report achieve- Church of France announced the ments, and to draw up a list of completion of union among all Kansas City, Kansas, has comproposals for future develop- Reformed Churches in France, pleted thirteen years of religious

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

education of its school children. many new people have been seek- sacrifices, without ever obtain- The Council of Religious Educa- ing association with the church ing healing for my poor chiltion, representing all denomina- during recent months that he dren. When my second child betions, sponsors this work. The has been completely "snowed came dangerously ill, I went to Jews are interested but as yet under." Throughout the spring consult a witch doctor and asked not participating. and early summer season every him if he could heal my child. service has been conducted in a He assured me that he could, There are 74 church schools, packed church, and with the provided that I would give him enrolling 91 per cent of public coming of fall the pastor believes thirty dollars. I offered him scholil pupils. The courses are it may become necessary to con- twenty dollars, which he acplanned to correlate with the duct two morning services. cepted. I paid him half the sum work of each grade in public on the spot. But on my way school from October to the end LATIN AMERICA back to get the balance of the of April. Classroom work in- money, a messenger came to tell cludes Bible memorizing, Bible Liquor Ban in Mexico me that the child was dead. I reading, Biblical and character- saw that I was being deceived by building stories and dramatiza- Within ten years statesmen the devil. As a respected antion, notebook and expressional below the Rio Grande, led by cestor of my family was a Chriswork. President Cardenas, hope to tian, I had often heard him speak complete the prohibition of alco- of God, so I told my wife I was -Women's Missionary holic beverages. Governors of going to Port-de-Paix to find out Magazine. all states have helped by order- about Him. ing municipalities to cease issu- Texas Wars on Evil ing licenses for saloons, to cut At a service held by the Hai- down the production of alcohol tian Gospel Mission at Port-de- Texas legislators are out to gradually but none the less Paix I first heard the Gospel. "clean up." In special session surely, and to trim the sales they have outlawed pari-mutuel through higher and higher taxes. After attending services for gambling on horse races, pro- The governor of Coahuila has some time, one Sunday my wife hibited the operation of bookies, gone even farther. He has acted said to me, "Wait for me, I am abolished dog races and insti- to stop the vending of liquor on going also." Since then, not only tuted such an anti-gambling cru- all trains passing through tl}e has God in His mercy saved my sade as has seldom been seen state. The main line of the Na- wife and myself, but He has also anywhere in the whole country. tional Railways of Mexico, healed my child who was para- The Texas supreme court has carrying many passengers be- lyzed from birth. definitely ruled out lotteries. tween Laredo, Tex., and Mexico The Dallas News, the Houston City, is affected, for the route -Haitian Gospel News. Post, and other leading dailies for many miles lies through have ceased the publication of Coahuila, with a stop at Saltillo, Religious Census in Venezuela racing results. In nearly all of the capital of the state. The govthe several counties voting by ernor gives this explanation for The Government of Venezuela local option recently, liquor has his order: vendors from pass- is making a survey and census been outlawed. Anti-vice squads ing trains have sold intoxicants of all religious work and workare also being called into action. to the villagers along the way, ers in the country, collecting full checking the good work that was data regarding the work of both -Christian Century. being accomplished by means of Catholics and Evangelicals. The prohibition in the country towns. purpose is to decide on some "Church of the Lighted Since the government now con- policy regarding the admission Window" trols the railways, this order of foreign religious workers. should be easy to enforce. No disposition to oppose the The Lutheran Church of the work is indicated, but it is pro- Redeemer in Atlanta, Ga., is -Christian Advocate. posed to fix the number of those gaining state-wide recognition who may be admitted, and when as "The Church of the Lighted From Darkness to Light that n u m b e r is established, Window." It is the custom each others will be admitted only night to light up the large color- A convert from heathenism in when some of those at present in ful front window. The effect of Haiti gave the following testi- the country leave for furlough the window is so unusual that it mony on the occasion of his bap- or other reasons. has attracted the attention of tism: "From my earliest life I people throughout that section. put myself under the protection In view of the tremendous A recent monthly publication of of demons. I built a small house, need, it is hoped that new misthe Georgia Power Company, and furnished it expressly for sionaries may be admitted, espewhich lights the window, car- their reception. I had two sick cially those who are accepted ried front-cover pictures of the children one of which had never and waiting to enter. church with particular reference walked from birth. I spent to its beauty and the unique cus- everything I possessed in pay- -Moody Institute Monthly. tom of lighting the window. ment to the witch doctor and in "Voice of the Andes" The pastor reports that so Senor Manuel Aldama was born in the Basque Province of

Spain, trained for the priest- then asked, "Will you read the they can understand, they are hood, became Professor in the University of Santander, was book if I give to to you?" surprised by songs of deliver- converted to evangelical Chris- tianity in 1925, and after in- "Gladly," said the gentleman, as ance, victory and blessed assur- struction in the Bible Training Institute, Glasgow, was accepted he rose to leave the bus. ance ; they are moved by the by the Evangelical Union of South America, for work in When he had gone, the work- words of sympathy expressed by Lima, Peru. Here he took up the ing man said, "It is a funny the pastor, and cannot believe editorial work of the Mission thing, but that text was my their eyes when they see him press and the translation of the mother's favorite, too. I have mourn with the bereaved fam- Sunday school lessons. His gone a long way on the wrong ily. Thus it is that a Protestant mastery of Spanish and his fa- funeral service conducted in a miliarity with Romanism en- road since those days." The Roman Catholic country is a abled him to contribute largely woman gave him a Gospel of St. great opportunity to put the to the development of the Evan- John, which he promised to read, truth of the Gospel before the gelical Church of Peru. and went on her way praying people.

Recently, a call has come to that both might be touched by About 2,000 people assembled him to full-time cooperation in the Word that giveth Light." the only Evangelical broadcast- ing station in South America, La -Life of Faith. for the funeral of a young Voz de los Andes (The Voice of mother, whose last words were, the Andes). This Voice of the Andes operates from Qui t 0, The Gospel in Spain "Whether I die or live, I am the Ecuador, and was established Lord's." The Mayor, the Town some five years ago by an inde- Opinion is divided as to the Council, the teaching staff of the pendent worker from Chicago. religious outlook in Spain. Some high school with their 400 chil- believe that opportunity for Gos- dren, and many notables had The Board of the Evangelical pel teaching will be assured if gathered to pay homage to the Union of South America is set- the government wins, while deceased. The first meeting be- ting Sr. Aldama free for this others are convinced that the gan at the home; another meet- special service. He will combine government is not only anti- ing followed at the Mission Hall, with this ministry some service clerical, but anti-Christian. Rep- and the last one took place in for the British and Foreign resentatives of Anglican and Bible Society throughout the Re- Free Churches of Great Britain the cemetery. At each place the public of Ecuador. went to Spain recently to gain Gospel was listened to by thou- first-hand information. They sands who had followed the pro- -The Christian. were given full liberty of move- ceedings from half-past one till ment, and upon returning to five o'clock in the afternoon. As EUROPE England reported as follows: a result, the evangelist had many requests for interviews. . "The Entrance of Thy Word" We found no evidence of an organ- -Belgian Gospel Mission. A member of the Pocket Tes- ized "Godless" propaganda such as tament League was riding in an exists in Soviet Russia. We were un- Paul's Speech on Mars Hill English bus with two other pas- able on inquiry to hear of any carica- sengers – an elderly business Unlike the ancients, tourists man and a working man. The tures of God, of Christ, or of the who go to Athens are not search- business man leaned across the Virgin and Saints, such as have been ing for "some new thing," but bus and asked the woman, features of "anti-God" propaganda in for things associated with the "Would you like to read my other countries. On the other hand, past. With this in view, one of paper?" "Thank you," she said. members of our party found copies of Mr. Rockefeller's projects has "Would you like to read my the Scriptures offered freely for sale been the restoration of the Par- book," holding out the New Tes- on street bookstalls. The situation in thenon; and because it is fitting tament. He took it, and after regard to religion in Spain was that something far more signifi- glancing at the page said, "Why summed up to us by a very acute cant than the friezes of Praxit- did you give me this?" "Why English observer of dispassionate eles should be remembered, Mrs. did you give me the paper?" she views, one who knows Spain well and Josephine Demas, daughter of countered. "Because the news is is himself a practicing Catholic, in the one of the most famous archi- interesting this morning," he following terms :-"There is a strong said. "My book is interesting anti-clerical movement but no anti- every morning." He looked God movement in Spain." again at the book. "This is my mother's favorite text, John -The Christian. 5: 24. It is years since I have read it." The P. T. L. member Evangelizing at Funerals tects in Athens, has urged upon the municipality the enshrining Great is the astonishment of of Paul's speech in the rock of Catholics in Belgium when they Mars Hill. T~e press an~ a attend their first Protestant number of emment Athemans funeral. They are familiar with – have. backed the proposal ~nd the pomp and ceremonies of the dIrector of.the A~cheologlCal their own funerals, the mo- Bureau has gIven hIS endorse- notonous recital of the Latin ment. He says that £350 to £400 liturgy, the gestures of the offi- is ne.e~ed,. and h.e hopes .that t~e ciating priest and his apparent ~umc}pahtr ~Il~ prOVIde ~~IS indifference to grief. At a Prot- relatIvely mSIgmficant sum.

estant funeral they hear things -Christian Advocate.

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

Paid Persecutors in Galicia Church has extended its serv- while Pravda laments the inac- ice and the social side of the tivity of the "Godless League." The National Lutheran Coun- Church as a colony center has cil is authority for the report not been neglected. Spiritually, This new life is particularly that agitators in Poland are be- there are the regular services noticeable in the country. Heads ing paid approximately 120 zloty the Church Festival6bservances' of collective farms even conduct per month to persecute members and th?se on national holidays; Church Councils, and other colof the Lutheran Church and MemOrIal Day, Fourth of July lective farms permit Bible readcompel them to return to the Thanksgiving Day and the like: ing, ch?ir singing, and evening Catholic Church from which The names of Ambassador W. entertam~nts. It is also anthey originally came. In a re- E. Dodd and Consul-General nounced that the number of cent legal process it was re- General Jenkins are on the members of the Militant Godless vealed that one such agitator Church Council roll. League has decreased from was offered a bonus of 50 zloty 5,000,000 in 1933 to less than for every person he succeeded in -Lutheran News. 2,000,000. Five anti-religious intimidating to return. But even though there are constant Religious Freedom in Russia museums in the provinces have difficulties and hardships the been closed. A correspondent Ukrainian peasants are firmly The much-heralded religious in another paper notes that the steadfast, and manifest an ever- freedom promised by the new jeering at religion has largely increasing interest in the Gospel constitution of Soviet Russia gone. turns out to be a disappointof Jesus Christ. ment. Four conditions must be AFRICA Christian Convention in Italy a~op:pvrocvleosd~d,be.if~oorepenaendy. Tchheurpcoh~ Student Alliance in Alexandria The Director of Spezia Mis- htIcal rehabIlIty of the petition- as Young Emgaytpetriiaanlissttiucdaenndtsiarrree~ ers "must be above suspicion." a rule, sion writes: "Those who can go The church must be more than 15 minutes' walk from a school ligious; their education is of the freely to Christian conferences the condition of the building must be above criticism, there sort to make them vain, shallow, and share the fellowship of kin- must be no protest from the local organization of the godless. selfish. For this reason Chrisdred minds know little of the tian work among them advances According to official Soviet grave difficulties to be sur- figures, 14,000 churches and slowly. But a young men's club chapels were closed in 1935 and mounted, the severe testing of 3,700 priests, preachers' and known as the "Christian Alliance other servers of the churches of Young Men," reports some faith, the patience, and the condemned, twenty-nine of them to death. prayers involved in accomplish- progress. On the other hand a renewal mg such a gathering in Italy. of spiritual life is appearing. In Two Bible classes and other the province of Swerdlovsk the prayer – meetings are h e I d But God worked what seemed to population have requested that at~eist propaganda be stopped. us miracles indeed, in breaking ThIS movement began in the in- weekly; Copts, Moslems and dustrial districts, where almost Jews sing hymns together and down obstacles." the whole population consisted of factory workers. Collections Representatives cam e from are held among the workers to study God's Word; the numbers restore the churches and rebuild far and near, and the organizers them. A Czech correspondent are increasing. Two young men wr!tes that !Ie found a newly !Iad their hands full, in arrang- bUIlt church m almost every vil- have been converted recently lage in the neighborhood of Mosmg for the accommodation and cow. In some of the collective one a Copt, one a Greek. ' farms, club buildings are being the meals for those to whom they set up to get the church free The members of this Alliance once more. gave so warm a welcome. are asked to sign a basis stating Religious Interest in Russia T~e supreme point of the Con- that they are uniting with other It seems unquestioned that reventIOn was the service in the ligion is reviving in Russia to a young men who know the Lord degree disturhing to commu- Church of Casa Alberto, which nists. W 0 r l d Evangelization as Saviour, and desire to bring mentions a town of 4,500 which was crowded,-a long and won- has 30 religious organizations, others into the Kingdom. Twelve derful service. It included the baptism of groups of those who members have signed. -Life of Faith. at La Spezia and at Leghorn'

had recently tfhoeuncdelCebhrraitsit~nanodf Medical Service to Felahe'en ended with Dr. Harpur of the Church the Lord's Supper. Missionary Society founded a hospital in Old Cairo 48 years -Life of Faith. ago which is still known 'to Egyptians, especially the fela- American Church in Berlin heen, as "Harmel," a corruption of Dr. Harpur's name. The Despite the fact that the felaheen are a lovable and Ame~ICan Colony in Berlin is friendly people, though ignorant and superstitious; it is from growmg. smaller, the American this class that the majority of Church m that city is growing the patients are drawn. They ~tronger both financially and in are almost overcome by the mfluence. Truly American is strangeness of being put into the "Ladies Aid Society" in the form ?f an active Sewing Guild. The hbrary connected with the

beds with sheets and blankets, favor the Westernization of the ing developments, avoiding un- instead of lying in a dark and country. There is a movement necessary risk and exposure of dirty corner, surrounded with in the Egyptian University to missionaries, and at the same noise and clatter, the talking of introduce compulsory Moslem time gradually reducing ex- relatives and neighbors, and the religious equcation and to abol- penditures in view of the uncer- noise of animals and chickens. ish coeducation. The Dean of tainties of the future.

Arabic texts are painted in red Arts in the University thinks The Italian Minister of For- on the white walls, giving a there is nothing in the Koran eign Affairs has informed the touch of brightness t~ the whole; against coeducation, while the American Ambassador at Rome instead of being thought too Rector of EI-Azhar University is that "The Italian Government much bother to be looked after, against it. has decided not to entrust to for- the patients are treated kindly The Westernizing faction ig- eigners whatever may be the re- by the Egyptian staff of nurses. nores the Ramazan Fast, neg- ligion they profess, the work of Biblewomen and evangelists lects the study of the Koran, establishing schools in terri- have prayers for half an hour in seldom prays in the Masjids and tories of Ethiopia." The com- the mornings in the out-patient encourages their women to dis- munication also states: "Should departments; for those in the card the veil. An article in a pro- foreign missionaries wish to con- wards prayers twice each day. Moslem paper declares that tinue their other humanitarian Recently some of the Egyptian "Most Egyptian households, es- and philanthropic activities, out- men nurses have been singing pecially those in high life, have side the field of education, their hymns and giving a talk on Sun- no prayer-carpet, and no copy requests for permission will be day evenings to the patients in of the Koran, and do not know considered in due time and after the men's hospital. what these are." de jure recognition of the Italian -Life of Faith. -World Dominion Press. empire is an accomplished fact."

Missionaries can scarcely see Faith and Freedom Times of Trial how evangelistic and medical The February number of Protestant missions are rapid- work can be carried on success- Faith and Freedom calls atten- fully without at least some type tion to the new constitution of ly disappearing from Ethiopia. of educational institution. the Soviet Union, in which many Mussolini's own paper, the Gior'- nale d' ltalia, has carried a front -United Presbyterian.

have seen the end of the struggle page story predicting the end of Liberia's Hinterland against church and worship; Protestant work. The Swedish for protection of religious con- missionaries and three Ameri- The native population of Liviction is expressly guaranteed can independent mlSSlOnaries beria, divided into many tribes, in the new project. This in no have been expelled, and the prop- is about 1,000,000 of good, virile erty of the Sudan Interior Mis- stock. The Liberians, who are sense means that a change has sion has been requisitioned. the descendants of liberated Necome about in the attitude of offi- groes brought to Africa by the cial circles towards church and The pastor of the Swedish United States and Great Britain religion, or that the time of per- church in Addis Ababa, Kes Ba- about 120 years ago, now numsecution is past. The Soviet at- dima, has grown old and gray ber about 12,000, and are the titude remains the same. The in the service of his Lord, and ruling group of the country. new policy means that those re- knows what it is to be chained sponsible must carryon with the and driven from place to place The Methodist C h u r c h of eradication of church and reli- for his faith. His son was killed America has been active in gious life, though they must not during the riots. He spoke often spreading the Christian mesthereby injure too greatly the of the keeping power of God, sage, and churches now number religious conviction of the peo- and of his longing for the day 102. The great need is to peneple. Stalin has said, "Why when his earthly pilgrimage trate the thick bush country of should one be actively unmerci- would be ended. He told count- the interior, where live most of ful? One must explain the harm- less people how God had judged the natives who have been pracfulness of religion to the young Ethiopia, and warned the-:n tically unreached with the Goswith patience, and supply them against the final judgment. He pel. A pioneer mission penewith propaganda for a material- encouraged those who were trated for 200 miles to Ganta istic outlook as the only scientific weak, gave liberally to the poor, and there organized a station a one !" Communist patience will and not even the great slaughter few years ago, and a road for 80 in future be set against Chris- of February shook his faith in miles of this distance has been tian and religious patience; but the least. -Alliance Weekly. _ made. For three years a doctor the extirpation of church and and his wife have labored here, religion is still the purpose. Ethiopian Situation then sleeping sickness claimed them and forced them back to The V nit e d Presbyterian Modernism in Islam Board has not been willing to the States. A similar effort by abandon established work in another doctor and his wife was A conflict is going on in Egypt made three years ago to reach between those who would revive Ethiopia unless obliged to do so. the tribes in the hinterland of interest in Islam and those who They have been watchfully wait- Barclayville, sit u ate d in the

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

southeastern corner of Liberia. ble and Prayer Circle, a move- 'the blood of martyrs is the seed Sickness again defeated a fine ment which has grown out of of the Church," for not long aftwork, and the workers have been the evangelistic ministry of Mr. er Rasalama's execution church compelled to return to the States. G. A. Gush, a colporteur-evan- membership increased tenfold, gelist who was at one time a and the adherents twentyfold. The Firestone Rubber Com- farmer, and who was converted pany have cleared 70,000 acres during a mission conducted by -The Chronicle. of jungle and planted it with Gipsy Smith in South Africa, rubber trees, 15,000 acres of about thirty-three years ago. Call for Protestant Unity which are now bearing. This has Those who found Christ through greatly increased prosperity in Mr. Gush are to be found all Dr. Daniel A. Poling, inter- Liberia. over South Africa today; and national president of Christian there are hundreds, especially Endeavor, told a group of hear- -World Dominion Press. among the European population ers in Grand Rapids, Mich., re- of the eastern Cape Province, cently that Protestant Christian- Angola Leper Work where the Prayer Circle has been ity, instead of being in a posi- the result of a hunger for deep- tion to conduct a successful of- A large part of the work con- er spiritual life. fensive against the powerful nected with the Camundong~ forces opposing the Church, Leper Colony, Angola, South Af- The Prayer Circle is an unde- might be unable to maintain its rica, is undertaken by the lepers nominational body made up of own position. Among these opthemselves. It was considered many praying bands in cities, posing forces he cited militant impracticable to send nurses or towns and villages. The differ- Shintoism in Japan; a united orderlies from the station to the ent bands meet on different eve- Hinduism in India, Burma and villages; the more intelligent nings~ and each has its own Siam; a united, world Bud- Christian lepers were therefore method and procedure; but dhism; Mohammedanism, shaktaught to use the hypodermic twice a year there is a large ing off its age-old superstitions; syringe, and to administer chaul- gathering in a central place. the German Neo-pagan movemoogra oil treatment. Only ment, and Communism. Christians, and those who can -Life of Faith. read the Bible and preach the Under the slogan "Christ for Gospel, are sent out. Dlalagasy Centenary the Crisis," Christian Endeavor has adopted a program of ob- Christian lepers have also en- Among this year's centenaries jectives that have to do with gaged in evangelistic work. Re- is that of the martyrdom of Ras- world peace, cooperation in the cently a party, many of them alama, Malagasy Christian, in enactment and enforcement of advanced cases, set out on a the reign of Ranavalona I, "ty- law support for Christian mismission of testimony, traveling rant queen of Madagascar." sions at home and abroad, the from village to village, telling During her reign of thirty-three furtherance of economic justice what had been done for them, years from sixty to eighty pro- and racial good will, and the and preaching the Gospel. This fessing Christians were publicly fight against alcohol and narcombined medical and evangel- put to death; s 0 m e were cotics. istic work is meeting with great speared, others burnt, and many response. -Life of Faith. stoned. Later, 500 died from -Presbyterian Tribune. the poison ordeal. Of those who Congo Prayers voluntarily confessed the i r Interesting Documents Christian faith, 400 officers were A missionary has w r itt e n reduced in rank and 2,000 were The Life of Faith reports that down some of the prayers of fined, while an unknown number half a million private journals men and women in the Congo. suffered privation and under- and letters sent home by mis- Here are two of them. mined health as they hid away sionaries in Africa, India, China in mountain fastnesses, or up and the West Indies, during the We have two hands each full of to their necks in rice bogs. last 140 years are to be reclassiseeds, seeds of goodness and seeds of fied by experts and preserved in evil. Day by day we scatter thfs8 Rasalama, 39 years of age, fireproof rooms at Livingstone seeds. Father in lieaven, help us to sang cheerfully most of the way House, Westminster, England. fill both hands with good seeds. Daily to her execution, and when This task will take two years. I seem to scatter evil seeds, and as reaching the spot where she was The documents include letters yet I am not worthy to go and tdi to be martyred, she asked per- from the first missionaries to others of Jesus. mission to kneel in prayer, and reach Tahiti, in 1797; from Dr. in that posture she was speared John Philip, who defended the * ** to death. rights of the Kaffirs in South Africa; Robert Moffat, during As the charcoal burns in the fire of Today, Rasalama's cottage his pioneer days in Southern the village smithy, and is consumed as still stands as she left it. There Rhodesia; David Livingstone; it makes the iron hot, so let me burn is a strong church here under Robert Morrison, the first transout in Thy service, 0 God, my King the London Missionary Society, lator of the Bible in Chinese; and Lord. and Christians can worship W. G. Lawes and James Chal- without fear of consequences. mers, of Papua; and from many -Wonderlands. It has been literally true that others.

Young People's Prayer Circle Between 500 and 600 people attended the fifteenth rally of the United Young People's Bi-

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Our Missionary Bookshelf Books Briefly Reviewed for the Readers' Information I ~i==============–=-=~ TWENTY-FIVE "BEST BOOKS" IN THE STUDY OF MISSIONS TO MOSLEMS PREPARED BY THE REV. SAMUEL M. ZWEMER, D.D.

Editor of "The Moslem World"; author of "Arabia, the Cradle of Islam," etc., etc.

Shortly after the World War 3. The Origin of Islam in Its signon's Annuaire du Monde a German scholar, Gus t a v Christian Environment. By Musulman. Paris. 1934. Pfannmuller compiled a Hand- Richard Bell. $3.50. Macbook of Literature on Islam and Millan, New York. 1926. 8. Christendom and IrSlam. By missions to Moslems. It com- W. W. Cash. $2.00. Harpprised over four hundred pages The writer gives the back- ers, New York. 1937. and over two thousand titles. ground of the new religion in Since that survey appeared, in- Arabia and indicates the sources A succinct account of the conterest in Islam as a world prob- of its strength and vigor. . tacts between Christendom and lem, and in missions, has not de- Islam and the influence for good creased. For one who has him- 4. Islam: Beliefs and Institu- and ill mutually exerted by Cruself written more than twenty- tions. By H. Lammens. sades and conquests. five books on Islam and Missions 8's. 6d. Methuen, London. to be asked to select twenty-five 1929. 9. An Eastern Palimpsest. By "best" books is therefore some- O. Wyon. 2s. 6d. World what an embarrassing task. A careful analysis of the creed Dominion Press, New York. New books (like new art, new and practice in Islam. Full of 1928. wine, or new violins) are not information and accurate in all always better than the old. Yet its statements. A brief account of missions in the latest view may be the only the Near East with maps and true picture of a scene that has *5. The Legacy of Islam. By statistics. witnessed kaleidoscopic changes. Sir Thomas Arnold and We have therefore selected some Others. Oxford. 1931. *10. Moslem Women Enter a new and some old volumes, while New World. By Ruth scores of others here omitted are A compendium of what the F ran c e s Woodsmall. "best" in their own field. The West owes to Islam in literature, $3.00. R 0 u n d Table titles marked with an asterisk art, architecture, science, phi- Press, New York. 1936. are popular and suitable for losophy and culture. No other younger readers also. book contains such fascinating The most recent book on the material on the "glory of Islam." subject and gives the brighter r. MOHAMMED AND ISLAM: side of the picture. Needs to be 6. The Koran (translated). By supplemented by present-day re- 1. Mohammed the Man and His E. H. Palmer. 80 cents. ports of women – missionaries Faith. By Tor Andrae. Pocket edition. Oxford Uni- who live close to the illiterate Scribners, New Y 0 r k. versity Press, New York. masses. 19.36. 1929. 11. The Moslem World of To- The latest attempt to evaluate The most idiomatic transla- day. Edited by John R. Mohammed's character. It is tion of the Koran with valuable Mott. $2.50. Doran, New fair and discriminating. Shows introduction and good index. York. 1926. how much Mohammed owed to Nestorian Christianity. II. EXTENT AND CHARACTER OF This consists of a series of monographs by missionaries and THE MOSLEM WORLD: orientalists on present-day as- pects of the problem, education, *7. Across the World of Islam. the press, medical work, etc. By S. M. Zwemer. $3.00.

2. Mohammed and the Rise of Revell & Co., New York. III. MISSIONS TO MOSLEMS: Islam. By D. S. Margo- 1929. liouth. $2.50. Putnam, THEIR VALIDITY, HIS- New York. 1905. A statistical and political sur- vey of the Moslem world and its TORY AND CHARACTER. The best brief life story of the missionary opportunity. Lacks Prophet; fully documented from a clJ,apter on the Near East and *12. Henry Martyn, Confessor original sources. should be supplemented by Mas- of the Faith. By Con- stance E. Padwick. S. C. M., London. 1922.

Any of the books noted in these columns will be sent by the R~IllW publishers on receipt of price.

[510 ]

OUR MISSIONARY BOOKSHELF

The best life of the first mod- it deserves special mention. Full They teach a lesson without the ern missionary to Islam. of inspiration. necessity of pointing a moral. Children, parents and teachers 13. Modern Movements Among 21. The Arab at Home. By Paul will find these tales delightful Moslems. By S. G. Wil- and helpful. son. $1.50. Revell, New W. H a r r i son. $3.50. York. 1916. Africa and Christianity. By Diedrich Crowell, New York. 1924. Westermann. 221 pp. $2.25. Ox- Excellent, especially on Iran, ford University Press. New York. but not quite up-to-date. One of the best books for the 1937.

*14. The Persian Journey of the study of the Arab mind and soul Dr. Westermann of Berlin, Rev. Ash ley Wishard, the author of "Africa Today," is etc. By Elgin Grosclose. by one who has lived close to this one of the best-informed and $2.50. Bobbs – Merrill, people and loves them. . most interesting writers on Af- Indianapolis. 1937. rica from a Christian point of *22. The Expansion of Islam. view. He is professor of African A novel full of missionary ap- By W. W. Cash. 38.6d. languages at the University of peal and interest. Edinburgh House Press, Berlin and the material here London. 1929. presented was given in the Duff 15. History of the Arabian Mis- Lectures in Scotland in 1935. sion. By Mason & Barney, An excellent, popular general The author dwells on aspects of 25 East 22d Street, New survey. missionary work in Africa and York. the change this work is bringing 23. The Eclipse of Christianity about in the character, culture An account of thirty years' in Asia. By L. E. Browne. and condition of the people. He pioneer effort in the hardest of $3.50. Cambridge Uni- shows the old and new standards Moslem lands. versity Pre s s, London. and ideals in family and commu- 1935. nity life; the influence of Euro- 16. Vital Forces of Christianity pean commerce and control; the and Islam. 3s. 6d. Oli- Here is the history of Islam's changes in religious faith and phant, Anderson & Fer- penetration and spiritual con- practice-from superstition, ig- rier, London. 1915. quest of those lands in Asia norance, fear, to belief in God as where the Crescent has super- presented by missionaries. Dr. Six studies by missionaries to seded the Cross. Scholarly yet Westermann includes a chapter Moslems on Method of approach most interestingly written. on Christianity vs. Competition to the Moslem heart. with sects, with Islam and with 24. The Crescent in Northwest secularism-not c h e e r i n g to 17. Indian Islam. By Murray China. By G. Findley An- read; the growth of the Church; T. Titus. 12s. 6d. Ox- drews. China Inland Mis- and the production of Christian ford Press, New York. sion, London. 1922. literature. He does not hesitate 1930. to criticize missions construc- Sketch of Missions in North- tively as a friend. A scholarly survey of the his- west China. tory, character and peculiarities The information is general of Islam in India, its distribu- 25. A Desert Journal. By Evan- rather than specific for Africa is tion, and its present-day in- geline French & Mildred too large a continent to be sucfluence. Cable. $3.00. China In- cessfully dealt with in one short land Mis s ion, German- volume. For a general view, 18. Temple Gairdner of Cairo. town. 1934. however, this volume is highly By Constance E. Padwick. commended. It shows the prob- $3.00. Macmillan, New This book is a type of many lems and the progress noted in York. 1929. that tell of the daily life of Mos- two centuries of modern mis- lems and their attitude toward sions in Africa; also the forces The life of a versatile, schol- Christians in the great unoccu- for and against Christ and the arly and devoted missionary by pied areas. Church, forces that must largely one who is herself doing work determine the future of this for Moslems in all lands through OTHER RECENT BOOKS great continent. Christian literature. Stocking Tales. A Book of Stories Ablaze for God. By Mary W. Dunn 19. The Reproach of Islam. By for Children. By J. T. Stocking. Pattison. 317 pp. 38. 6d. Japan Temple Gairdner. C. M. Illustrated by Winifred Bromhall. Evangelistic Band, London. 1937. S., London. 119 pp. $1.25. Pilgrim Press. Boston. 1937. This is the biography of Paget There is no better textbook for Wilkes written by his sister. all who desire to know Islam as Dr. Stocking is a prince of Wilkes was born in Suffolk in it is and Christianity as it ought story-tellers, with lit era r y 1871, was educated at Oxford to be in witnessing for Christ. charm, a truly Christlike spirit, with Temple Gairdner, J. H. Not a lukewarm book, but full of imagination and a love for chilfire. dren. He fascinates adults and young people as well. His death *20. Young Islam on Trek. By has brought a great loss as his Basil Mathews. 25 cents. life was a great blessing to Friendship Press, New many. These stories are a mix- York. 1926. ture of fairy tale and parable.

This earlier textbook for mission study is so well written that

Oldham and Stuart Holden and the Plan of Union between Pres- meet are not so ready to be led." went to Japan to work with Bar- byterianism and Congregational- Doubtless Dr. Wilson has also clay Brocton in 1897. Later he ism and the controversy growing met many utterly indifferent to became the leader of the Japan out of it. the Word of God, who needed to Evangelistic Band, an undenom- be a wakened to a sense of sin. inational movement which em- Part Two is made up of docu- This is probably a selection of phasized direct evangelism and ments illustrating the frontier certain experience.'3 that show the "Second blessing." He was work of the Pre s b y t e ria n the great truth to be presented a man of great ability and of churches-an immense wealth of in Bible words to sinners, namepure devotion, whose motto source material. It is of course ly the way of justification and might well have been Henry ·only a fraction of what is avail- peace through the atoning death Martyn's "Now let me burn out able and a vast deal is of neces- of Christ. These true sketches for God." He mastered the Jap- sity omitted, many times as are very informing because they anese language and he inspired much as could be included; one show how thousands of people his associates, both Japanese and would rather have some of the who have gone to church and foreign, with his own zeal, and omitted material than that which have read the Bible for years, his consecration and sacrifice is included, some, for example, have never really understood the were a stimulus to many in the from the records of the old Penn- Gospel that Christ died for the missions of the British and sylvania presbyteries and from remission of sin, and that we American churches. At home, the period and area covered in are not saved by our own goodin England or in Canada or in Waddell's "Annals of Augusta ness, but by faith in Jesus South Africa, he conducted mis- County, Virginia, from 1726 to Christ. That is the one thing sions for the conversion of non- 1871." But we are grateful for that stands out in this book. We Christians and for the deeper the mass of old documents which must add this also that readers life of Christians. He was a Dr. Sweet has presented. They will be convinced that most Church of England evangelical enable us to enter intelligently Christians do not sufficiently and was a notable illustration of into the religious atmosphere of recognize the sinfulness of sin, the great body of British Chris- our country a century, and a cen- and the necessity of the shedding tians who move out on their own tury and a half ago, to realize of Jesus' blood; therefore they lines beyond the bounds of de- the social and cultural conditions do not feel impelled to seek the nominational action. He had the of that early time and, by such salvation of others. Finally, this Keswick mind, with a turn of a term of comparison, to see how book shows that Christians his own, and he served his Mas- far on we have come in true re- ought to know their Bibles and ter with his whole heart and ligion and Christian charity. be able to diagnose a soul's need mind and soul and strength. T9 and offer the remedy. We should read such a life is to have one's ROBERT E. SPEER. definitely study the book with own lethargy and reticence :r:e- this in mind. We may well note buked and to feel the glow of the The Romance of a Doctor's Visits. the Scripture passages used. New Testament discipleship at By Dr. Walter L. Wilson. 128 pp. Dull is the conscience of the work amid the conditions of our Is. Pickering & In~lis. London. Christian, either at home or on own day. 1937. the mission field, that will not be moved to personal work by read- Religion on the American Frontier. This small, easy-reading vol- ing this book. Vol. II, The Presbyterians, 1783- ume is one of the "World-Wide 1840. By William Warren Sweet. Library of Famous G 0 s pel FRANK LUKENS. 939 pp. $3.50. Harper & Brothers, Books." The author is a physi- New York and London. 1936. cian of some years' experience Consider Him. By Vance Havner. who but devotes much of his $1.00. American Bible Conference This volume by Dr. Sweet of time to Christian ministry. For Association. Philadelphia, Pa. 1937. the University of Chicago is the a number of years he regularly broadcast the morning Bible les- For those that like a "stimsecond in a series dealing with son over the radio station of the ulus" in Bible study and meditathe different denominations on Kansas City Star, and was said tion and desire a greater fellow- to have an audience of a million ship with the Spirit of God, this the early American frontier. people. book will be of great help. In it we find one hundred medita- The first volume dealt with the Here are twenty-eight short tions on some of the great pas- Baptists and the third is to deal pen-pictures of different persons sages of the Bible. These mediwit h the Congregationalists. seeking salvation whom he led tations were gathered by a Part One (125 pages of this to assured faith by use of Bible pastor from his everyday "walk volume) deals generally with passages. The cases represent and talk" with the Master and American Presbyterianism at all sorts and conditions of life, with his people in the parish. the close of the Revolution, the but the need and the solution In a book form they will inspire Presbyterians and Westward are practically the same in all. a much greater parish. To min- Expansion, the cultural and edu- The first impression on the read- isters they will serve as seeds of cational influence of the Presby- er is that everyone of these peo- thoughts for sermons. terians in the Early West, re- ple were seekers, conscious of vivalism and Presbyterian con- their sin, and wanting peace. A. H. PERPETUO. troversy, and the operation of Some may say, "The people I

Books Obituary Notes The

Across Africa in a Lorry. W. B. Red- (Concluded from page 449.) A weekly religious newspaper in mayne. 128 pp. $1.40. Zondervan. Grand Rapids. Dr. Edward M. Poteat, prominent its lo6th year of continuous pub- in Baptist work both North and South Books for the Traveler or Sojourner for two generations, died June 26, at Iication under the same name. in China. Harriet Hardison Rob- Raleigh, N. C. After a period of son. 24 pp. 25 cents. American years as preacher, college president, It is conservative and evangel- Council, Institute of Pacific Rela- and denominational worker, he went tions. New York. to China to be a professor in Shang- ical, gets its news by telegraph hai College. His son, Gordon Poteat, is Burmese Brothers. Story Lessons professor in Shanghai College; an- and keeps abreast of the times. for Little Children. Eleanor Mar- other son, Edwin M. Poteat, Jr., is a tin. 42 pp. 6d. S. P. G. London. prominent pastor in Raleigh. It goes into every state of the Union, the District of Columbia, Fun, Fear and Faith. The Story of *** the Church in Burma. Ruth Hen- and U. S. possessions. rich. 91 pp. 18. S. P. G. London. Dr. Danjo Ebina, Professor Emer- itus of Doshisha University, died in It goes to Asia and AFrica, South Cycle of Prayer and Praise, 19'37-38. Tokyo, on May 22. He first learned 100 pp. 68. S. P. G. London. about Christ from Gapt. L. L. Janes, America, Canada and New Zealand and afterwards was a member of the Christ of the Countryside. Malcolm first graduating class of Doshisha in and into twelve countries of Eu- Dana. 128 pp. $1.00. Cokesbury. 1879. He founded the Hongo Congre- Nashville. gational Church in Tokyo, was its rope. pastor until 1920 when he became Communism. John Horsch. 30 pp. university president. He was the Subscription Price, – 15 cents. B. I. C. Assn. Chicago. author of many books on Christianity. Ministerial Rate, The Land of Umbrellas. Lessons on *** the Church in Burma. Ruth Hen- 50c. extra—Canadian postage rich. 92 pp. Is. S. P. G. London. Emile Doumergue, for 66 years the leader of the French conservative $1.00 extra—foreign postage Flaming Milestone. Report of the theological group, died recently in World's Conference of the World France at the age of ninety-three. He THE PRESBYTERIAN Alliance of the Y. M. C. A.'s. 115 was the author of the Life of Calvin pp. World's Committee, Y. M. C. A. in seven volumes, and contributed 1217 Mark..t: Str….t, Philad..lphia, Pa. Geneva. editorially to the leading journal of Protestantism in France. He was not ciety, and president of the Bible Highland Heritage. Edwin E. White. in favor of church union for the sake League of North America. 196 pp. $1.00, cloth; 60 cents, of union. His was the phrase: "Fu- paper. Friendship Press. New sion without proper evangelical basis *** York. is nothing but confusion." Sir J. Charles Clegg, president of Is Not This a Brand? Percy Rush. *** the British Temperance League for 96 pp. Is. Pickering & Inglis. sixty-three years, died at Sheffield, London. Mrs. Elizabeth Murdoch Poage England, June 26. His most recent entered into rest at her home in Co- efforts in the cause of temperance was An Introduction to the New Testa- lusa, California, on July 4, at the age the preparation of a booklet, "Out to ment. Edgar J. Goodspeed. 362 of sixty–one. For forty years Mrs. Win." pp. $2.50. University of Chicago Poage had been an officer of the Press. Chicago. Sacramento Presbyterial and for nine *** years was president. The loss of her Little Talks to Little Folks. Charles service is keenly felt for she had been John T. Underwood, founder of the A. Puncker. 92 pp. Is. Pickering faithful in the performance of re- Underwood Typewriter Co., and & Inglis. London. sponsibilities both little and great. brother of Dr. Horace G. Underwood of Korea, died July 2. Mr. Under- Lessons in Soul Winning. Will H. Dr. Frederick H'" . W* ri*ght, who ren- wood was a former member of the Houghton. 23 pp. Free. Moody Presbyterian Board of Foreign Mis- Bible Institute. Chicago. dered effective service in both the sions, president of the Buckhorn As- heme and foreign work of the Metho- sociation of Kentucky, and a generous Medical Missions at Work. H. P. dit<: Episcopal Church, died June 11 supporter of work in Korea. Thompson. 82 pp. Is. S. P. G. in Ocean Grove, N. J., aged seventy- London. eight. He served as past)!· of the Gifts during his lifetime were con- Methodist Church in Rome from 1899 tinued in numerous bequests, among More Sources of Power in Famous to 1905. Some years later he becama them: $50,000 each to the Buckhorn Lives. Walter C. Erdman. 160 superintendent of the Italian Mission Association and to Chosen Christian pp. $1.00. Cokesbury Press. Nash- Conference under the Board of Home College; $20,000 to the Orphan ville. Missions and Church Extension. Asylum Society of Brooklyn; $10,000 each to the Lafayette Avenue Presby- Work of the Chaplain in the Civilian Mrs. Thomas *E. * Ba*rber, former terian Church of Brooklyn, the Pres- Conversation Corps. Col. Alva J. byterian Board of Foreign Missions, Brasted. 48 pp. Command & Gen- missionary in the Columbia Mission, the Brooklyn Bureau of Charities and eral Staff School Press. Ft. Leaven- Presbvterian, U. S. A., died in the the Brooklyn Museum. worth, Kansas. Pasad"ena Hospital, Pasadena, Cali- fornia on June 2. Most of Mrs. Bar- *** Women of the New Testament. ber's time during her 25 years on the Abraham Kuyper. $1.00, cloth; 65 field was spent in educational and Rev. Wilhelm Zoellner, D.D., for- cents, paper. 95 pp. Zondervan evangelistic work at Barranquilla, Bo- mer head of the Church Affairs De- Pub. Co. Grand Rapids. gota and Medellin. partment of the Nazi government and one-time leader in the ecumenical The West Indies. H. P. Thompson. *** movements of Stockholm and Lau- 70 pp. 18. S. P. G. London. sanne, died at Duesseldorf, July 17. Mr. William Philips Hall, for 26 The World, the Church and You. years president of the American Tract When, in December, 1936, Hitler Outlines for Group Study. 34 pp. Society, died on August 14 at Walling- ,rarned Nazi leaders to cease their at- 3d. Edinburgh House Press. Lon- ford, Conn., in his seventy-third year. tacks upon Christianity, part of the don. Mr. Hall was born at Stamford, credit was given to Dr. Zoellner, who Conn., on February 1, 1864. He was was reported to have warned the gov- Yahrbuch Der Ostasien Mission. 96 the founder and for many years the ernment that its anti-Church program pp. Allgemeiner Evangelische-Pro- president of the Hall Signal Co., vice- had gone too far. tantische Missionsverein. Berlin, president of the American Bible So- Germany.

The Man that Changed the World. Frederick B. Fisher. 208 pp. $2.00. Cokesbury Press. Nashville.

~o Noi MU4 A DAILY USE

THE •.. Cbt lIPPtf Room (America's Leading Devotional Guide) MOSLEM Will Lift the CONTENTS OF THE WORLD Level of the OCTOBER-NOVEMBER- Sfiritual Life A Christian Quarterly Review of o Any Church DECEMBER ISSUE Current Events, Literature and and Its Homes Thought Among Mohammedans Inte,.pretation of COf)er Picture, "Christ amont the Lowl," Editor: SAMUEL M. ZWEMER October 1-9 SOME ARTICLES IN THE The Christian and His Home OCTOBER NUMBER October 10·20 Herbert Udny Weitbrecht Stanton The Christian and His God By Samuel M. Zwemer Octobe,. 21-21 Missionary Adventure in the Sahara The Christian and the Christ By Dugald Campbell Octobe,. 28-31 Northern Nigerian Opportunity The Christian and the Holy Spirit By H. G. Farrant NOf)ember 1-6 Islam in India The Christian and Social Responsi. bility By James W. Sweetman NOf)ember 1-13 Moslem Women of North Africa Foundations for a Stable and Peace. By Frances E. Roberds ful Society The Joy of Preaching to Moslems N of)ember 14-20 By Stephen Khoobyar The Kingdom of God and the So· cial Order The Political Fortunes of Islam By G. L. Schanzlin NOf)embe,. 21-21 The Spirit of Thanksgiving and Hitti's History of the Arabs the Social Order By Nabih A. Faris NOf)ember 28-30 Also Book Reviews, Current Top. Working Together with God ics, Survey· of Periodicals, and the Index for the Year. December 1-11 The Christian and His Attitudes SUBSCRIBE NOW December 12-18 50 Cents a Copy. $2.00 a Year (postpaid) The Christian and His Daily Walk THE MOSLEM WORLD December 19-25 156 Fifth Ave., New York City "Unto Us a Saviour Is Born"

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The Missionary Review of the World — May 1937

1937

A Visit to the Ainu of Japan Winburn T. Thomas Facts About Evangelism in Japan John Cuthbertson Why and How Should Christians Unite E. Stanley Jones The Centenary of Presbyterian Missions Herrick Black Young New Moving Pictures of Africa W m. L. Rogers How Christ Changes Life in Burma Brayton C. Case Missionaries Through Colored Glasses H. Kerr Taylor 25 Cents a Copy $2.50 a Year

to Remember due to my wife, to her beautiful, un-

May 2-Rural Life Sunday. CAMP.of.the·WOODS selfish Christian life." May 10000Luncheon of the Council of *** ~ '-"'-=N ./ ronLdaakceksP,leNaseawnt, in the Adi- Women for Home Missions, Hotel York. Alti- Dr. A. H. Henderson, veteran Bap- Biltmore, New York. tist missionary to Burma, died Feb- May ll–General Conference, United tude of 2,000 feet amid ruary 21 in Burma. Together Dr. Bl'ethren in Christ, Chambersburg, picturesque surroundings. An unusual and Mrs. Henderson have given al- Pa. place for rest, relaxation, moral uplift, most forty-four years of service to May 16-World-wide Day of Prayer. good cheer and delightful fellowship in the Shan people, May 18-21- National Convention of the Evangelical Women's Union, the Great 'Outdoors. Ocean-like beach, **• St. Louis, Mo. safe bathing, canoeist's paradise, golf, May 20-25 – Northern Baptist Con- hiking, tennis, baseball, mo~ntain climb- Bishop William Oldham of the vention, Philadelphia, Pa. ing and other sports. Th1rty – seventh Methodist Episcopal Church, who for May' 26-General Assembly, United consecutive season. Gentile- Protestant many years had been a missionary in Presbyterian Church, Oak Park, Ill. clientele. Accommodations for men, – Asia and South America, died on May 27-General Assembly, Presby- women, and children, in twenty-two di- March 27 at Glendale, California, at terian Church in U. S. A., Colum- visions. Ninety counsellors, seventy the age of eighty-two. Wm. F. Old- bus, Ohio. young people in orchestra, sixty in b~nd. ham was born in Bangalore, India, the July 5-16-New Jersey Summer No jazz, dancing, or card plaY1ng. son of a British army officer. After School for Christian Workers, Women do not smoke. Physical and completing his education at the Madras Blairstown, N. J. spiritual health emphasized. Excellent Christian College, he heard an address July 8-13 – International Christian food-quality and quantity. Dining hall bv William Taylor, the evangelist, in Endeavor Convention. seats 625. Camp fills to capacity every 1875, and as a result decided to enter July 12-36 – World Conference on season. Early registration necessary. the ministry. Later he became a mis- Life and Work. Oxford, England. Rates reasonable. A beautifully illus- sionary of the Methodist Episcopal August 3-18 – World Conference on trated booklet, VACATION DAYS, giv- Church and went to Singapore. In Faith and Order. Edinburgh, Scot- ing information, mailed free on request. 1916 he was elected a bishop of the land. Address GEORGE F. TIBBITTS, Director, Church, and was assigned to South CAMP – of – the -WOODS, Speculator, America with headquarters in Buenos SUMMER CONFERENCES AND Hamilton County, New York. Aires. In many countries of South SCHOOLS OF MISSIONS America, in India and Malaysia, schools and churches were named in Council of Women for Home Mis- honor of Bishop Oldham. He was the sions and Affiliated with the L. Fry served as pastor in Lancaster, author of "Thoburn – Called of God" Committee on Women's Work, Pa., from 1881 until 1901, and then and other volumes. Foreign Missions Conference in Philadelphia for seven years. In 1926, after forty-seven years in the (List to be completed next month) ministry, he was special representa- tive of the Foreign Mission Board for We plan and plan, then pray June 20-26-Boulder, Colorado. the United Lutheran Church's field That God may bless our plan. June 21-27-Winona Summer School work in Buenos Aires. He had al- But hearken! God saith, "Pray!" And He will show His plan, of Missions. For information write ready served as Executive Secretary And lead us in His shining way to Mrs. John W. Walter, 1034 of the Lutheran Board of Church Ex- That leadeth on to perfect day. Mapleton Ave., Oak Park, Illinois. tension. June 26-July 3-Eagles Mere, Pa., **• JESSE ANDREWS. Miss Muriel C. Post, 907 Lindley Ave., Logan, Philadelphia. Mrs. George P. Pierson, an honor- II If you use July 7-15-Northfield, Mass. ably retired missionary of the Pres- June 17-26-Geneva Summer School. byterian Board of Foreign Missions, PRINTING Geneva, Wis. U. S. A., died on March 12, 1937, at July 17-24-Mt. Hermon, Calif. Philadelphia, Pa. Ida Goepp was YOU will profit from an ac- July 19-23-Bethesda, Ohio. born in Easton, Pa., on April 21, quaintanceship with us. We 1862; was graduated from Normal do the job complete in our own Obituary Notes College, now Hunter College, New plant. whether it be large Qr York, in 1883, and later studied in small. Grant K. Lewis, former Executive Switzerland and France. In 1890 she Secretary of the department of church was appointed by the Domestic and While our specialty is Books, development and evangelism in the Foreign Missionary Society of the Mag~ines and Pamphlets, yet division of Home Missions of the Protestant Episcopal Church to go to we have a variety of modem United Christian Missionary Society Japan where she taught in St.. Mar- equipment to meet all the reof the Disciples Church, died Feb- garet's Girls' School in Tokyo. On quirements of your particular ruary 22, at his home in Little Rock, June 12,1895, she was married to the job. You will find our service Ark., at sixty-eight years of age. Rev. George P. Pierson, a mission- prompt, careful and courteous. He was at the time of his death state ary of the Presbyterian Board in secretary' of the Arkansas Christian Japan. Mrs. Pierson was a fearless, Will you allow us to estimate Missionary Society. tireless and capable missionary, al- on your next printing? We be- ways ready to go to any part of the lieve you will be delighted with ••• field where there was need for vig- our product, price and service. orous pioneer service. She and Dr. The Rev. Charles Livingston Fry, Pierson exerted a broad and abiding The EVANGELICAL PRESS D.D., a retired Lutheran clergyman influence in the great northern island, who had held many church offices, Hokkaido. She was the author of the Print…. of died at his home in Germantown, on The Mwionary Review of the W01'Id March 19. He was 78 years old and book, "How the Holy Spirit Came to was born in Carlisle, Pa., the son of PLANT AND MAIN OFFICE the Rev. Dr. Jacob Fry. Dr. Charles the Hokkaido, Japan." After 38 years Third and Reily Streets Herrlsburg, P•• of service they were honorably re- tired in 1928. • * • Mrs. Annie Pennock Smith, wife of Gipsy (Rodney) Smith, died in Call}- bridge, England, March 5. In hIS autobiography Gipsy Smith wrote: "I do not think I shall ever know in this world how much of my success is

MISSIONARY Personal Items

REVIEW OF THE WORLD Dr. Worth M. Tippy has accepted. to the DELAVAN L. PIER80N, Editor a new responsibility in connection with the churches and social service ORIENT VOL. LX MAY, 1937 No.5 in Washington, D. C. He is to con- duct a special study and txperiment ROUND-TRIP REDUCTIONS publication and Business Office– to work out more adequate coopera- Third and Reily Ste., Harrisburg, Pa. tion between religious forces and Special Summer rates go into community agencies of the cIty. The effect May 15. Round trip to Editorial and Executive Office– experiment is being financed by a Yokohama, $256 up Tourist 156 Fifth Avenue, New York City. group of laymen. Class; $456 up First Class. Entered as second-class matter at Similar reductions to other ports. *** Post Office, Harrisburg, Pa., under • Act of March 3, 1879. Dr. Robert M. Hopkins, General 10 DAYS TO YOKOHAMA Secretary of the World's Sunday 25 cents a copy-$2.50 a year. :::>chool t,;onvention, sailed for Europe Go direct fromVancouverand Foreign Postage, 50 cents a year. and AfrIca, March 24, largely to pre- Victoria in 10 days by Em- 'Published monthly, except August. pare for the Thirteenth world's Sun- press oj Asia or Empress oj All rights reserved. Copyrighted 1937. day School Convention which is to b~ Russia. Only 3 more days via British agents – Marshall, Morgan held in South AfrIca in 1940. ThIS Hawaii by Empress ojJapan and Scott, 12 Paternoster Buildings, will be the first representative Chris- (fastest ship on the Pacific) London, E. C. 1 shilling per copy, tian world gathermg scheduled for or Empress oj Canada. Con- 10 shillings a year. the continent of Africa, outside of nect at Honolulu from Cali- l!;gypt. fornia ports. Low round-trip MISSIONARY REVIEW PUB- fares include passage from LISHING CO., INC. *** and to Seattle. BOARD OF DIRECTORS • Facilities are available for George C. Stebbins, long an asso- the celebration of ROBERT E. SPEER, President ciate of D. L. Moody and composer of Holy Mass. A. L. WARN8HUI8, Vice-President Gospel hymns, celeorated his ninety- WALTER MCDOUGALL, Treasurer first birthday, It'ebruary 26. At a ~r;a+ DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Secretary service in honor of the event several hymns were sung, the music of which For rates and sailings, see SAMUEL MCCREA CAVERT was composed by Mr. Stebbins. YOUR TRAVEL AGENT or Cana- Among these were "Some Day the dian Pacific: New York, Chi- WILLIAM I. CHAMBERLAIN Silver Cord Will Break," "Have ca~o, San Francisco, 38 other D. J. FANT Thine Own Way, Lord," "There Is a cities in U. S. and Canada. Green Hill Far Away," "Take Time MRS. ORRIN R. JUDD to Be Holy," and "I've Found a WM. B. LIPPHARD Friend, 0, Such a Friend." ERIC M. NORTH SAMUEL M. ZWEMER *** Editorial Chat Dr. Eric M. North, General Secre- tary of the American BIble Society, Will you write to the editor of the saIled for Japan and China, February REVIEW? To serve the cause of Christ 20. This is the first visit of a Secreeffectively, and to help our readers, it tary of the American Bible Society to is important that the REVIEW shall the Far hoast in twenty-three years. not only stand true to the Word of Dr. North will study a new policy of God and give a Christian view of the cooperation with the British and Forworld, but that we meet your need for eign Bible SocIety and the Nation.ll information, suggestion and inspira- l:hble Society of :::>cotland, lookmg tion. To do this we must keep in liv- toward the creation of a Biule Society ing touch with our readers. in China.

Will you write to us to say how the *** REVIEW may help you and your work more definitely? What type of edi- Dr. Ikuzo Toyama, of the Imperial torials or articles would you like? University, Japan, has been elected How can our "M,ethods" Department president of St. Paul's University, serve you better – in suggestions on Tokyo, to succeed Dr. S. Kimura who missionary programs, addresses, work resigned last year. Dr. Toyama has with children and young people, mis- had an active interest in the Chrissionary education in the home or tian Church for the past thirty years. church, best books and periodicals on missions and mission lands? *** We ask not praise for what the RE- Dr. T. T. Lew, professor in the VIEW is doing, but constructive criti- School of Religion in Yenching Unicisms and suggestions. Will you co- versity, Peiping, has been appointed operate with us? a member of the legislative branch of the Chinese National Government. He *** has thus joined the growing number of Christians participating in the If you like the REVIEW, will you Government at Nanking, and will recommend it to others? Here is what have a distinct contribution as an edusome readers say: cator and a Christian to make to the formulation of national policies. "Your magazine is indeed helpful, particularly to those who have any- *** thing to do with the presentation of missionary programs." Rev. John W. Bowman, of the Presbyterian Punja(} Mission, India, MRS. E. A. LOWER. in view of the problem of the educa- Cincinnati, Ohio. tion of the children, has accepted a call for service in the Western The- *** ological Seminary of Allegheny, Penn- sylvania. "I congratulate you on the high levels which the MISSIONARY REVIEW [225 ] continues to hold. I have just been running through the March number."

ERNEST GORDON. Wayne, Pa.

AINU CHIEF AND HIS WIFE OBSERVING A "SAKE"

AN AINU CHIEF IN THE MIDST OF HIS HOUSEHOLD TREASURES A VISIT TO THE AINU OF NORTH JAPAN (see page 231)

NARY

REVIB ORLD VOLUME LX AN INTERDENOMINATIONAL REVIEW OF WORLD-WIDE CHRISTIAN PROGRESS NUMBER 5 MAY, 1937 Topics of the Times THE MILITANT GODLESS PROPAGANDA Congress was to promote world-wide agitation There are clear signs that the forces opposed to against all religion but chiefly against Christian- God and His sovereignty are becoming more and ity, and to establish an international fund for more aggressive in their battle against all religion antireligious propaganda. These agitators are -or recognition of a superhuman power to which opposed to liberty of conscience for they deny the man is subject. In some cases this anti-God atti- right to teach Christianity but insist on the right tude and activity takes the form of materialism; to teach atheism. The Christian Press Bureau in other cases extreme militarism, nationalism or says: the promotion of physical self-indulgence. In Weare confronted with a world-girdling organiza~ion America there are reported to be "anti-God" so~ against religion, an irrefutable testimony that the Church cieties in schools and colleges. In Russia and will meet an organized opposition whose equal has never other communistic circles there is active propa- been known in the history of the world. Probably there ganda with training of youth against any belief in have always been godless and atheists; and many and a superhuman God. Perhaps the sharpest, most strong attempts have been made to conquer Christianity. concerted attack on Christ and all religion in the But these attempts have, for the most part, been rather history of the world centers in Russia today. planless and scattered. One can think about the great French Revolution when they first "deposed" God and In Russia, Joseph Stalin, the Secretary~Gen­ later, after further consideration, appointed Him again; eraI of the Communist Party, and the practical or about the war of the Roman Empire against Chrisdictator of Soviet Russia, is almost deified but at tianity which, however, in all its recklessness and bruthe same time is bitterly opposed to any belief in tality was groping and uncertain. Now, however, it is an God. The Swiss Protestant Press Service reports announced unswerving intention to eradicate all religion (in The Dawn) a recent speech in which he said: and every religious conviction and feeling.

We consider all religion as our worst enemy. The In Russia this war has been going on for eighteen years, struggle against religion must be carried on relentlessly. and the goal is to deprive 160,000,000 people of God and There can be no compromise with religion whose aims are every thought about God. Already the Red Government basically opposed to ours. We may change our tactics in has beaten every record. In the old Russland there were the struggle against religion. Violence was used during 120,000 churches and chapels, and over half of these have the past 20 years, but now intellectual means must be now been entirely destroyed, and many are being used adopted. The final stage will be reached when religion as clubs for the godless, as theatres, and as storage will only exist as a thing of past history. This is our goal. houses. In Moscow alone eight hundred churches and monasteries have been destroyed or closed. Last year, in Russia, 14,000 churches, chapels, synagogues and other places of worship were It is estimated that in these eighteen years, 42,800 closed, and the· Secret Police took proceedings clergymen have been placed in Russian Concentration against 3,687 priests of all religions, of whom 29 Camps! The methods are chiefly violence and force, but were condemned to death. According to the Rus- economic coercion is used also. According to statements sian Constitution of 1929, atheism is the only made by Stalin they will now stop using violence and begin creed that is conceded the right to active propa- a so-called "spiritual war." It had been estimated that ganda. all religion should have been eradicated by the first of May this year, but a delay must be allowed for. They The Christian Press Bureau of Copenhagen, still have the goal in mind, however: the last church Denmark, reports a "World Congress of the God- must be closed, the last clergyman must be removed. less" on February seventh, with 1,600 participants from forty-six countries. The chief object of the In Russia the movement of atheism has 6,900 club houses, 146 schools of atheism, 102 educational establish- ments, eighty antireligious museums. In Moscow from one to two million antireligious publications are sent out eV~~::~:'war is going to be made international! A mark of the godless is going to be sent out, and rules of pro- [227 ]

cedure are going to be drawn up in twelve different lan- One of the most encouraging things in the scienguages. For many millions of rubles there is going to be tific world is the trend toward Christianity among erected in Russia an atheistic radio station; they already the great thinkers. Professor C. A. Chant, Ph.D., have an agitation fund amounting to 19,000,000 rubles professor of astro-physics in Toronto University, and expect that a lottery will net 50,000,000. said recently, "I have no hesitation in saying that at least 90 per cent of astronomers have reached There is no. survey for the movement of atheism scat- the conclusion that the universe is not the result tered through the various countries, which they are now of blind law, but is regulated by a great Intellitrying to unite, but a peculiar exhibition in the Vatican a gence. Slowly but surely the mind of the great short time ago shows that there is work going on in is returning to the Creator and the.God of Provi- Russia, Spain, France, Belgium, England, the Danubian dence." countries, and the United States. TO CLOSE MISSION SCHOOLS IN KOREA Nothing good can be expected from the Moscow Congress and the Christian community in all countries ought The crisis is on in Korea for the Shrine probto be on the alert. lem is not yet settled. The Japanese Government persists in its demand that pupils and teachers in But, while the Bezbojriks (Godles,s League) is Christian mission schools attend the ceremonies attempting to establish antireligious, schools to at the shrines and bow in homage to the spirits train "missionaries of atheism," these propagand- of national heroes supposed to be present there. ists are not having an easy time-and never will. Japanese officials have stated that this "act of A recent Associated Press dispatch from Moscow obeisance is only a display of national patriotism" (March 17) says: but when Christians have tried to persuade the Bureau of Education to make a public statement "Antireligious organizations virtually have col- that would satisfy the Christian conscience, the lapsed in Moscow and Moscow Province, Emelyan Japanese would not deny that the obeisance was Yaroslavsky, president of the Atheist League, re- made to spirits actually dwelling in the shrines. ported to a stormy Moscow district meeting of the The Japanese have also clearly stated that an- Communist party. He declared that district coun- cestor worship is considered a "fundamental vircils of the Militant Godless (Atheist) League had tue in the Orient." disbanded throughout the Moscow area and that many regional councils had been liquidated. The military party in Japan seems to be be- Pravda, the Communist party newspaper, asserted hind the move to compel all schools in the Empire that Atheist League membership has fallen from to attend the Shrine ceremonies and to bow in 5,000,000 to 2,000,000 in the last three years. reverence there. It is a part of the movement to There are at least 30,000 churches still open for unite Japanese subjects in their reverence for the worship in Soviet Russia and we are informed Emperor, the national heroes and in the Shinto that 50% of the Russians hold to their faith in faith. No schools, pupils or teachers are excused, God. In many rural communities church clubs though in some districts the rule is not strictly enare being formed to combat irreligion. Five anti- forced. The Japanese are also said to be planning religious museums have recently been closed in to place a Shinto shrine in every Korean village so Russia." that the observance of the ceremonies may be universal. The only way to combat successfully such a propaganda is the way Christ combated godless- The mission schools have had an immense inness-by showing the evidence of God's love and fluence on the Koreans. For thirty years they power, redeeming and regenerating men so that were practically the only schools offering modern they in turn go out in loving sacrificial service to education. Christian missionary schools are scatbring men and nations into harmony with the tered throughout the country while academies and Will of God, as revealed in Christ. Men will yet institutions of higher education have been built at learn that it is worse than useless for feeble crea- foreign expense in the large cities. The total tures to fight against Almighty God. number of pupils under Christian instruction was 100,000 in 1935. These schools have always True scholars and scientists are not atheists taught good citizenship and obedience to the laws for they realize how little they know in compari- of the country._ son with the vast realm of knowledge concerning the universe. The Korean Christians believe and obey the Bible as the Word of God. They are a praying, Dr. Lorenz, the famous Austrian surgeon, when working Church and have learned what it means asked by a New York newspaper reporter as to to suffer for their faith. Now they are convinced the effect of his scientific investigations on reli- that obeisance at the Shinto Shrines is incongious faith, replied, "Does medical science or any sistent with worship of God as He is revealed in other science tend to destroy belief in God? My Christ. Many of the missionaries hold the same friend, you are young, I am old. Science truly pursued does not tend to destroy belief in God. The pursuit of scientific knowledge makes an honest man humble. It makes him realize how little he knows. It makes him believe in God."

TOPICS OF THE TIMES

view-though some are willing to accept the Jap- that we feel constrained to adopt this course, anes,e statement that the ceremony is only knowing that it involves the loss of educational patriotic. opportunities for large numbers of families and that it will bring distress to our teachers and mis- One of three positions is possible for the Korean sionaries who have given life and devotion to this Christians-(l) to obey the Japanese edict and work. throw the responsibility on the Government; (2) to have mental reservations and give only 6. It is not our purpose to dispute the demands outward obedience, while claiming to bow only that the authorities have made upon our schools out of respect to the memory of the illustrious . . . but merely to announce our decision under dead; or (3) to refuse obedience to human edicts the circumstances to withdraw from the field of that most Christians believe involve disloyalty to secular education in an orderly manner. Christ, and to suffer the consequences. 7 and 8. As the first natural step in the liquida- The leading missions in Korea are the Amer- tion of the educational work, the Mission is enican Presbyterians (Northern and Southern joined not to receive new pupils for the entering Churches), the Australian and Canadian, Meth- class of the new semester in April. … If there odists (North and South), the British Church of should be circumstances in any particular school England (S. P. G.) and a few independent mis- rendering even its temporary continuation inadsions. The Methodists have decided to comply visable, the Mission is authorized to close such with the Government edict on the basis of the as- schools at once. surance that the rite is only patriotic. The Presbyterian Mission (North) has voted to refuse 9. During the period of liquidation the schools compliance on the ground that the ceremonies are shall continue as heretofore to promote good religious and idolatrous. The Missionary Com- citizenship, to foster love of country, to teach mittee of the Presbyterian Church, South, with respect for law and authority, and to inculcate the the unanimous ascent of their Korea Mission, has highest principles of loyalty and patriotism. . . . taken the definite stand that their mission schools cannot comply and that they will therefore take 10. Regarding the disposal of school properties steps to close these schools and withdraw from the in this emergency, we cannot approve their transfield of secular education. Their decision is con- fer for school purposes either by gift, loan, rental tained in the following statement from the Com- or sale to any group or organization that would be mittee in Nashville, Tennessee, sent to their unable to maintain the Christian principles upon Korean missionares: which our schools have stood. . . . While our de- cision to desist from secular education in Korea "After careful consideration of the situation is definite and resolute as long as our schools are confronting our schools in Korea, the Executive subject to present requirements, we cannot but Committee of Foreign Missions of the Presby- express the hope that the authorities may yet terian Church in the United States (South) pre- recognize the sincerity of our purpose to help and sents to its Korea Mission the following statement the reluctance with which we have taken this step, of policy to be followed in the problems now af- and provide some way by which loyal friends of fecting our educational work: Japan may be enabled to fulfil their mission of service without compromise of Christian prin- 1. Weare grateful for the years during which ciples. we have been permitted to have a part in providing educational opportunities for the Korean An honored missionary of the Presbyterian Church (North) gives the reasons why he cannot people. bow at the Shrines or vote in favor of compliance 2. We desire through the Mission to express to by the Mission. These reasons are: the Government our sincere appreciation of the 1. The act of obeisance at these Shinto Shrines freedom and protection that have been accorded is truly religious and therefore indolatrous. us in our educational work in the past. 2. A Japanese police officer at the Meiji Shrine 3. Even now we desire nothing more than that declared that Ka,mi-san is the same as God. In we might continue our educational work under Kwangju pupils were asked to clap their hands to the same conditions that have obtained hereto- attract attention of the spirits in the shrine.

fore. . . . 3. The military authorities are forcing com- 4. Nevertheless, in view of recent developments pliance because they think that Amatorasu-Omi- Kami (Sun-Goddess. and mythical ancestress of that seem to render impossible the continuation of the Japanese Imperial House) is their God who our educational work without compromise of gives victory. Christian principle we hereby reluctantly instruct our Korea Mission to take appropriate steps for 4. The shrines are a part of the Japanese non- Christian religious system. The whole shrine systhe closing of our schools. tem heads up at Ise a center of Japanese worship 5. We have pondered deeply the consequences in which sacrifices are performed every year.

of this action, and it is with sincerest regret

5. Other departments of the Government de- throughout the world. God's promise has been clare State Shinto to be religious and superior to and is being abundantly fulfilled, "My word shall Christ. One high Government official declared not return unto me void." Missionaries, preachthat Orientals are polytheists in contrast to. Occi- ers, teachers, evangelists, and other devout and dentals who are monotheists. widely used men and women in all walks of life, continue to testify that it was through Dr. Pier- An educational official said: "We think of son's ministry they were led to Christ, were in- Amatorasu-Omi-Kami and of Jehovah as being spired with missionary zeal, were given a hunger one and the same." for deeper Bible knowledge, were made more effective Christian workers or were brought into 6. No Christian school will be excused from do- the experience of a higher spiritual life. ing obeisance at the shrines. No centenary celebration has been held on 7. The Korean Christians are convinced that earth to commemorate the birth of Arthur T. the ceremony is religious and anti-Christian. But Pierson but many both here and in the presence the basis of judgment is the Bible, not personal of the angels thank God that he was born, and opinion. The missionaries must set an example was born again and was called into the ministry of loyalty to Christ in spite of Government threats of Christ. His labor was not in vain for it was and opposition. "in the Lord."

It is a serious question which deeply involves Among the many examples of his abiding and the future of the Church in Chosen. It is disturb- living influence, we note a recent paragraph by ing to think of the great Christian educational Mr. Ernest Gordon (son of Dr. A. J. Gordon) in work coming to an end and the youth deprived of the Sunday School Times. He says: training under efficient Christian teachers. Already Dr. Geo. S. McCune, President of the Union "Ethel Gray is a teacher of English in an Christian College of Korea, has been obliged to Argentine family and earnest in Christian testiwithdraw from the field. But anything is prefer- mony. She writes of a sermon by Dr. Arthur T. able to a denial of Christ. One with God is still Pierson which she translated into Spanish and a majority and He can overrule the decrees of gave to an atheist student. He read it through men-as He has often done in the Roman Empire, carefully several times, appearing thunderstruck, in India, in China and other lands since the be- and then said he 'knew many young fellows who ginning of history. We honor the Presbyterian wanted to know just what was explained here.' Church, South, for their courage and loyalty. So he retranslated it into beautiful Spanish, and Miss Gray had a thousand printed for distribu- THE ARTHUR T. PIERSON CENTENARY tion."

This is a year when some 'important centenaries One evidence of his abiding ministry is the conare celebrated-among them that of D. L. Moody, tinuing testimony of THE REVIEW. This monthly and the founding of the Board of Foreign Mis- organ of world-wide missions still stands, as it sions of the Presbyterian Church in the U. S. A. stood in Dr. Pierson's day, for the authority of In the same year as the great Foreign Mission the revealed Word of God; for deity of Jesus Board was born, Arthur T. Pierson, the powerful Christ, His supremacy and His all-sufficiency as missionary advocate came into the world-March the Saviour of men through faith in His death on 6, 1837. He gave full fifty years of his life to the Cross; for belief in the Holy Spirit and our preaching the Gospel of Christ, lecturing and dependence on Him to make ministry effective. writing on Biblical themes and promoting interest The REVIEW is published because we believe in in missions throughout the world. He was for the need of all men for pardon and new life twenty-five years the Editor-in-Chief of this RE- through union with Christ and in the duty of VIEw-from 1888 until he was called "home" on every Christian to help carry out the commission June 4, 1911. In addition to his ministry of of Christ to "go into all the world and preach the preaching, pastoral work in large churches, lec- Gospel to every creature." THE REVIEW is deditureS! and addresses at Bible conferences, writing cated to the work of making known the supreme articles and editorial work, Dr. Pierson wrote need of men for regeneration and to the testimony some fifty books on the Bible and spiritual life, of what God is doing today through His servants Christian apologetics, biographical, preaching and in all parts of the world. We are not bound to . missionary themes. These have had a wide cir- any particular branch of the Church of Christ but culation, some translated into several languages stand for the unity of all who are truly united to and still widely read. Him. May THE REVIEW continue to be a faithful witness until Christ returns, according to His The messages of this eminent servant of God promise, until His reign is established and the will were truly vitalized by the living Word of God, of God is done "on earth as it is in Heaven." as is evident by their continued influence in the hearts and lives of consecrated men and women

A Visit to the Ainu of North

By WINBURN T. THOMAS, Kyoto, Japan Missionary of tbe Presbyterian Cburcb, U. S. A., 1933- MOST visited of the Japanese Ainu villages "These are the staves on which we set the heads is Shiraoi, Hokkaido. When we arrived of the bears after our bear-festival," he began. at this small station we were a bit sur- We noted that all the skulls that still hung toprised to be approached by a small Ainu lad who gether were covered with a green mold.

asked in perfect Japanese, "Do you wish to see "You haven't had a bear festival recently," we the buraku (a corruption of 'block')?" He then observed.

assumed the role of guide and began to lead us "No; bears are getting fewer and harder down the main road of the village, keeping up a to catch, so that we cannot observe the festivals."

constant stream of conversa- We noted that there was no tion. cub at the front of the house, "Do many foreigners come The Ainu, the aborigines from which we inferred that here?" we inquired. of Japan, live in Hokkaido, times had not been so good for "Not very many. Most of the large northern island. the Shiraoi Ainu.

them are Japanese." They were once a numerous "How do you get your ani- "Do you often act as people but there are now only mals for the ceremony?" about 17,000 surviving memguide?" bers of the race. They are "We go out in the snow and "Yes, during the vacation a hardy people, of small stat- wait for the bear to come from ure and their older men are his cave. Then we shoot him months. During the school distinguished by their long with an arrow poisoned with year I haven't time." beards. They are not cleanly the root of a weed, beaten to in their habits, not being ac- pulp and dried. After an "Do you attend Japanese school ?"

"Oh, no. We Ainu have our customed to bathing and are arrow, treated with this poison, own schoo1." much given to drunkenness. enters the bear's body, the ani- "You are taught in Japa- By disposition they are mild mal dies in twenty minutes. and amiable, and live mostly nese?" by hunting and fishing. Their The poison goes through the "Of course. I don't know religion is nature worship blood stream and hardens into but .in recent years the young a stone which we cut out. The· much Ainu." people are being educated remainder of the animal is fit We learned that at other and some have become Chris- for food. We consider the tians. Rev. John Batchelor, inner organs especially deli- Ainu villages, the aborigines a retired missionary of the cious." and the Japanese attend the Church Missionary Society, same schools. "Where is the chief?" we in~ "How do you make your liv- ing?" we asked our guide. has been called ~~The Apostle quired.

"By fishing, by getting out- to the Ainu." "In here. Will you come in side labor jobs, and by truck and talk with him?"

farming." We entered the crude struc- "Who lives in all those thatched houses?" ture. The entrance floor was dirt but the living "That is the beginning of the Ainu 'block.' room was on a raised wooden dais, the floor of Most of us live in these straw houses. There are which was covered with a rough straw matting.

nearly one hundred of them, although a few per- In the center was a hearth, on which a charcoal sons have houses built of wood." fire was burning. To the left of the fireplace (the We soon found ourselves inside a small com- most sacred place in the home since the Ainu pound, and we saw an unshaved young man in worship the fire god) sat a bearded old man wear- foreign dress come from the hut door. He ex- ing a peculiar headdress. To his right sat a plained that he was the Ainu chief's son-in-law woman with mouth tattooed. The stage seemed and then, without waiting for us to quiz him, he set for visitors. We were escorted to the left of began to explain the significance of a stack of the chief, that is, the north side of the hearth, poles that had provided our background. which is the most honored position according to [231 ]

A MODERN AINU MOTHER AND BABY AN AINU CHIEFTAIN Ainu customs. Not until we were seated did he cards and handwork which we were asked to buy. and his wife make the proper courtesies. Then, Especially interesting were the bows and arrows while his son-in-law explained to us the signifi- used for killing the bears. The Ainu arrow is cance of the acts, the chief made certain move- made in three parts so that when once it has enments with his arms and head, and muttered some tered its prey, even though the angered beast unintelligible sounds, welcoming us according to should succeed in breaking the shaft, or pulling the old Ainu custom. it out, the tiny bamboo head will remain in the body. The son-in-law demonstrated the use of Next, the chief demonstrated the offering to the the walking staff to hold the baggage when the gods by picking up a "two-story" lacquer bowl and hunter rested, and could be transformed into an a carved mustache lifter. Raising his beard with effective spear for sudden action. the latter, he pressed the bowl to his lips, after he had taken a few drops of the liquid on the When we were outside the house once more, wooden stick and let them fall into the fire. These our guide informed us that there was a regular were supposed to be sweet odors pleasing to the fee of fifty sen per person. We asked to see other household deities. The remainder of the drink homes, belonging to "nonroyal families," but our . was agreeable to his stomach, for the Ainu are guide was careful to steer us away from other very fond of rice wine. After repeating the for- houses and took us down to the seashore to show mulre the old man muttered in his broken Jap- us the boats used by the fishermen. anese, "The ceremony is very significant when we use real "sake." A few days later we visited Chikabumi, an Ainu village just outside the city of Asahigawa. Others in the hut then took down trays of post- No one offered his services as guide but we learned

A VISIT TO THE AINU OF NORTH JAPAN

that if we started walking and asked our way we eminent authority on Ainu life 'and lore; and it would find the Ainu village about a mile down the was surprising to find this mission maintained enroad. We walked two miles to the house of the tirely by the Japanes~one answer to the allegachief, passing other Ainu houses scattered along tion that the Japanese Christian Church is not the way. There was not the segregation noticed mission-minded. There is a Sunday school of in other Ainu buraku. forty Ainu students, apparently including all the young people of this race in the village. These aborgines were evidently more prosperous than those in Shiraoi. The houses were frame The Chikabumi chief was a disappointment for and provided against the cold of the Hokkaido he was' small, lacking in personality, and very winters. These Chikabumi Ainu are farmers and drunk. The interpreter was also under the inday-laborers and from the roadside we saw many fluence of "sake" and refused to do more than industriously tilling the fields or engaging in man- boast that his family had proved its loyalty to the ual work. Midway between the station and the Emperor by sending the only son to-,Manchuria OLD AND YOUNG AINU PERFORMING A CEREMONY FOR THE DEAD (The Posts are Male and Female Markers) chieftain's house we saw a large public hall with with the Expeditionary Forces. He insisted upon the sign "Ainu Young Men's Association." In- our coming into his home to see the boy's pictures side we talked with one of the young men who and there let us examine a collection of primitive was busily carving, from a single block of wood, stone implements, which were very crude when the figure of a bear that would later be sold in a compared with similar arrows and hatchets fashgift shop. He said that it only took him two ioned by the American Indians. hours to whittle the bear which would sell for two yen. In reply to our questions he told us that all The prosperity of this colony was attested by children attended the same school; that his sister the presence of a large number of bears, with cubs was the village beauty queen; and that we would that were small but ferocious. In one cage was a find the chief's house und·er the tall willow trees "wrestling bear" used for exhibition purposes, the around the corner. Turning that corner we came animal being pitted against professional wresto an Episcopal Mission to the Ainu. We have tlers. Pacing up and down in a large cage before long been acquairited with Dr. John Batchelor, the chief's hut was a large brown bear, the pride of the village.

Our final impression was received from a wom- an who handled one of the concessions and who, like most modern women, has refused to stain her lips, a custom that is dying hard. In pictures, taken when she was dressed for ceremonial occa- sions, she used a dye that could be washed off. She kept in her store an Ainu dress which she donned while we snapped her picture as she stood alongside two bear cubs. The young men whom we saw near the store had obviously decided to abandon the custom ,of their ancestors in wearing long beards. The question seems to be whether the Ainu or their. customs will be exterminated first.

A YOUNG AINU BELLE UNEVANGELIZED FIELDS INJAPAN The total number of places reached' in Japan is only 896. As the number of cities, 'towns and villages is 12,019, there are 11,123 stillucntouched by the Gospel. In the agricultural villages, which include more than half the population,there are barely 172 places where Christian work is being conducted. The Gospel is preached mo:st in the places where there is least resistance,a:hd where the resistance is strongest it is not preached at all. The evangelization of Japan, very far from being accomplished, is barely begun.-Toyoltiko Ka- gawa, "T,he Japan Christian Year Book.'; ·Pacts About Evangelism in Japan* 13y~JAMES CUTHBERTSON I~ Japan Evangelistic Band I STARK facts are rude things and unpleasant. not be compared with any ·other so-called mission Before facing these facts, let us state defini- field. It stands in a class by itself. tions upon which so much depends. By the "Evangeliz.ation of Japan" I mean the bringing We are not really getting anywhere in Japan. to the knowledge of "every creature" the Gospel This fact is actually the summary and conclusion of the Lord Jesus Christ, particul,arly His atoning of the following. Death and Resurrection. By "Salvation" I mean the individual's experience of regeneration. The natural grQwth of population is leaving the Church far behind. Japan's population increases Japan is different. Her efficient government at the rate of about 'One million per year. The has provided the nation with civilization. Educa- most optimistic estimate of the increase of the tion is compulsory, the professions are 'Over- Church is never more than twenty thousand. By crowded, doctors live on every street. Its culture the time the nation has sprinted to the hundred- . and national consciousness are highly developed; yard mark, the Church has advanced two yards! its pvogressalong Western lines during this past eighty years has been phenomenal. This land can- Meanwhile Tenrikyo; which had its origins in the babblings and scribbles of a demented peasant • From R.egions Beyond, England. woman some hundred years ago, has developed amazingly. At its centre there are magnificent

FACTS ABOUT EVANGELISM IN JAPAN

temples, schQDls, a fQreign language schQ.ol fDr the s.ome ten th.ousand rural areas each .of which may preparati.on .of missiDnaries, a splendid public c.ontain anything frQm tW'O t.o twenty-five villages.

library, many hQstels, and a training institute fDr My pers.onal census .of a few years ago pr.oduced ev:angelists which graduates SQme seven th.ousand the inf.ormation that roughly some fDur hundred every six mDnths. Every building, all the man- .of the ten thQusand had been "evangelized," ac- uallabQr and the material, are the gifts .of the be- cQrding tQ the definition .of each pers.on wh.o sup- lievers. All evangelists are trained at their .own plied me with inf.ormatiQn. Many splendid mis- expense and prQpagate the doctrines after gradua- siQnaries and Japanese wQrkers are valiantly tiQn, throughQut Japan, at their 'Own expense. tackling this prDblem, but few missi.ons have .or- Hundreds .of thDusands .of pilgrims flock into ganized their f.orces and apPQinted wQrkers tQ vil- Tambaichi fQr its celebratiDns. Its equipment is lage w.ork.

magnificent and impressive. There we .once sent The quicksands .of heathenism have a terrible a yDung preacher whQ preached Christ .on the suction. Japan has an army .of backsliders. P.os- streets with such devQtion that his health gave sibly a very large prop.ortiDn .of them never had way. I l.oQked intQ his tiny shack, rat-ridden, cDb- anything t'O slide' back from, but they dDn't webbed, neglected and dirty, which we had rented kn.ow it.

dQwn a back street. This represented the cause A yQung man came tQ Christ and tQld his mother 'Of the L.ord .of GlQry! Heathenism had its amaz- .of his new-fQund JQY. She threatened suicide if ing temples and millions .of fQllowers, the Gospel he did n'Ot give up Christ. Filial piety was tQQ had its squalid huts and a mere handful .of c.on- str.ong and Christ l.ost. And patri.otism, a new verts. idolatry, has arisen in Japan, based 'On lQyalty t.o The prestige .of the white race has ceased t.o the R.oyal HQuse, and evidenced by worship at the exist as far as the Japanese are concerned. Un- Imperial Shrines. There are nQ truer and m.ore less we can present them with s.omething they l'Oyal citizens than Christians, but many are fac- have n.ot, and d'O something they cannQt, we are ing the .old chQice, Diana .or Christ. We live in not welcQme. We need prayer in Japan t.oday. I challenging times when s.o many have tQ face chal- have seen hundreds .of J,apanese Christians at a lenges. And, alas, the quality .of faith and lQve time .on their knees praying with tears f.or a for Christ is s.o feeble. Defeat is the result.

mighty w.ork .of G.od in the land. Such signs "are NumerQus are the st.ories .of "Gospel triumphs full .of h.ope. It must be prayer £Qr the HDly and, thank G.od, I can tell many, but these are in Gh.ost. But in .our .own Christian literature t'O- the main c.onfined tQ the activities .of thQse sQcie- day is hardly any mentiQn .of Him. ties and individual missiQnaries whQ cQnstrue MissiQn sch'OQls have largely .outlived their use- their Call as a c.ommission to win s.ouls. The fulness. Such sch.oQls find it difficult t.o cQmpete needs are vital and entail the drastic casting .overwith the high educati'Onal standard .of g.overn- bQard .of QbsQlete methQds and a cQncentrati'On .on mental sch.oQls. Very many .of them, in .order t.o th.ose things which prQduce results.

retain their g.overnment recQgnitiDn and grant, have b.owed t.o the .order that all students must w'Orship at the appDinted ShintQ Shrines. Few JAPAN'S GREAT NEED missiQn s·eh.oQls pr.oduce Christians, and, if any, A study .of the Christian QccupatiQn .of the .of necessity they are the type which have been larger cities in Japan shQWS that in every urban taught tQ wQrship at shrines. cQmmunity the fast-grQwing industrial areas are still practically untQuched. With the exceptiQn .of The type .of Christian we are pr.oducing is n.ot a lQne QutpQst here and there, these rapidly exup tQ standard. Admit the IQwest Scriptural panding areas are unQccupied by the Christian standard, "Except a man be bQrn again. . . ." fQrces. H.ow many 'Of .our Christians in Japan t.oday shQW evidences 'Of a changed life and are .outwardly wit- The "upper classes" in Japan still lie almQst nessing fDr Christ? My w.ork as an evangelist entirely .outside .of the Church's influence. The fQr .over thirty years has carried me up and down "1.ower classes," because .of their cQnstant fight in that land and brQught me intQ c.ontact with with PQverty, disease, ignQrance and vice, make a mQst .of the Pr.otestant denominations. My im- strQng appeal tQ the fQllQwers .of Jesus .of NazpressiQns were disc.ouraging bey'Ond words. The areth, but the fQes which beset the upper classquality is very p.oQr. Spirituality is at a l.ow ebb. ease, luxuriQus living, selfishness and lQQse mQrals We are n.ot, as a rule, pr.oducing witnesses. -are just as viciQUS and damning. The Church The rural districts .of Japan t.oday are prac- .of Christ, if she is true tQ her LQrd, knQws nQ tically unt.ouched. They are nQt undiscussed, fQr class distinctiQn, and the unreached "upper class"

a spate .of words has been pDured .out c.oncerning lQQms large in .our unfinished task.-William this prDblem but the problem remains. There are Axling, "The Japan Christian Year Book."

a New Hospital on the Yangtze*

11 By DR. J. W. PELL, Hankow, China I N SHIH HIU YAO, a growing industrial town have shown them great devotion, and never funked. of Central China on the Yangtze fifty miles A soldier who had his hand blown off at the below Hankow there was opened last March wrist by the premature bursting of a bomb he was the Mahaffy Memorial Hospital. This was built handling, was sent a long distance to us by his by funds from the legacy of Miss Jane Mahaffy officer and his life was saved. He is a big North- combined with the gifts of the Methodist Chris- erner, and takes his loss of a limb very stoically.

tian Endeavors of Ireland. From the day of open- A little boy was brought by his mother last year; ing it has filled a great need. but her courage failed her after the boy was well One patient, a deaf and dumb girl of about fif- under chloroform and the operation about to be- teen, had been abandoned by her relatives in the gin. We had to submit and let him out of. the streets of a neighboring town, and lay there night anresthetic, but something we were able to do and day, in frost and snow, until some Catholic without the knife and without her knowledge made all the difference, and a useless elbow be- Sisters found her with frozen feet – which have came almost normal. An aunt, laden with fowls since dropped off at the ankles – took her home and eggs, brought him back the other day begging with them and, after making her spotlessly clean, us to complete the good work. She showed nothbrought her to us for treatment. With dumb signs we try to assure her of our love and interest ing but withering scorn for her sister and called in her, and she is responding. Another woman, he~ a sao-Chinese for potato, or idiot!

who had been relieved of an abdominal tumor The mines have supplied their usual quota of weighing some sixty pounds, felt she was part of accidents. Falls of roof are frequent, and men the concern and very important. She keeps say- get pinned under these for hours or days, and are ing as we visit her ward: "You are wizards using only rescued at great risk and heroic efforts by magic; you are fairies with your charms." A their fellow-miners. A number of chronic opium- similar case went back last month to her home in· smokers have been rounded up by the authorities the country where we have a church, and became and compelled to come in and break it off. Fre- a never-ceasing wonder. Lots of hopeless patients quent executions are taking place all over China have come from that neighborhood since, and just among these poor victims of the drug. Our pres- cannot believe there is any sickness we cannot ent methods of breaking them off the habit are cure, or surgical condition we cannot relieve. quicker and more lasting than the old ways. We A number of cases of cerebro-spinal meningitis blister the patient, then take the contents of the were in the wards on the opening day – from an blister up in a syringe and inject it under the skin infant of two months to a woman of over forty. of another part. Another way is to take some of These often seem quite hopeless cases, but again the patient's own blood from a vein and inject it and again we have seen them rally from impend- deep into a muscle. It is really another version ing death by simple withdrawal of fluid from the of "a hair of the dog that bit him." At any rate, spinal canal. The mode of spread of this dread it gives the patient an actual distaste for the pipe, disease is not known, and until it is, we can only which is a very great point gained, and avoids take ordinary precautions, and carryon. Though that overwhelming craving to return to the old we can sometimes save a patient, yet it may leave ways, which they so often had after the old metha trail of sequences behind – such as blindness, ods of cure.

paralysis, deafness, mental instability – which With each one's duties more settled and divided are very distressing.. Our cook's little girl of three up, we are looking forward to more intensive· has been critically ill with it for weeks, but now evangelism amongst our patients and staff. Pray looks as though she would pull through. They are that Christ's banner may float over the citadel of difficult cases to nurse but our young girl-nurses every heart. May we find the way to win them- and there may be eighty ways for as many folk. • Condensed from The Kingdom Overseas, Methodist Missionary "He that winneth souls is wise."

Society. England.

[ 236]

and How Should Christians Unite*

By the REV. E. STANLEY JONES, D.D., India Author of "Victorious Living," etc., etc.

I N VIEW of the world demands and in view of One is that when the Christians drop down be- conditions within the denominations them- neath the level of organization and church polity selves brought about by division, the churches to the level of experience, there they are the most of Christ must get together. "If they do not," united body on earth. They are united in the said a prominent churchman, "within ten years deepest thing in life, namely, in life itself. They there won't be any churches to unite." This is an share a common life in Christ. The Christian overstatement, but it should shock us to action. Church is at once the most united and the most One of the difficulties in getting together is the divided body on earth – united at the center and underlying feeling that our particular denomina- divided at the margin. But the central thing to tion has been raised up to preserve and propagate hold in mind is the fact that we are one. We do a special phase of truth in Christianity. We do not have to seek for unity – we have it, funda- not want to lose that truth. There is a fact under- mentally and centrally.

lying this feeling. It is true that almost everyone The second thing we have discovered is that the of our separate denominations has come into being saints are about equally distributed among all the as a result of some special forgotten truth. How denominations. If you were to ask me where I can we have unity with that background of an ap- thought they were most thickly congregated, for parent God-inspired separativeness? We are the life of me I couldn't tell you. There is no de- asked to repent of sinful divisions and yet it is nomination that has a corner on the saints. God not easy to do so, because the divisions came not works through the denominations, sometimes in from sin but from a new vision. I cannot honestly spite of them, but never exclusively or particularly feel sinful on account of the rise of Methodism. in anyone of them. If this hurts our denomina- I rather glory in it and so does many another in tional pride, it may help our Christian humility!

regard to his own particular group. The idea that anyone denomination is the exclu- And yet with all that loyalty to the past, we do sive or particular channel of God's grace is as dead feel that this is inadequate. Times have changed, as Queen Anne. Only some people don't know it!

new world demands are being laid upon us that The second thing we have as an underlying fact cannot be met by us as separate denominations. is equality.

We simply must get together. A divided Church The third fact that emerges is that there is a has little moral authority in a divided world. But very great diversity in expressing this underlying how can we get together? Here is where we unity, a diversity as widely expressed as the High throw up our hands. We have the feeling that if Churchman on the one side and the Quaker on the we wait till we can get together on some agreed other, with great diversity between.

church polity or government, then we will wait Three facts, then, emerge-unity, equality, and till doomsday. I don't believe it is possible to get diversity. Any approach to unity must take ac- an agreement in church government that will take count of these underlying facts and build upon in the High Episcopalian on the one hand and the them. I would therefore suggest the following Quaker on the other – and I could not leave out as an immediate, practical plan upon which all either one. I do not believe that unity is possible the churches could come together.

along that line. It would end in so many com- If we are inwardly one, we should outwardly promises that the union would be grey and color- express that fact. Since we all belong to Christ, less and command no one's enthusiasm. I would suggest that we all belong to "The Church I think we must go at it from another angle. of Christ." But since we are in America, I would We must look at certain facts that underlie the suggest as the name, "The Church of Christ in situation. Three outstanding facts have arisen America." We would drop denominational names out of the situation as I have listened in to hun- as separate churches and belong to the one church dreds of round-table conferences across the years. -"The Church of Christ in America." But under * This farewell message of the distinguished missionary and evan- this central unity we would have branches-"The Baptist Branch of the Church of Christ in Amergelist was delivered unde'r the auspices of the ~~ederal Council of the ica," the "Episcopalian Branch," "The Friends'

Church of Christ in America on March 9, prior to his sailing for India. Reprinted from The American Friend of March 18, 1937.

[237 ]

Branch." In these branches we would have local would be the strength of all. The essential thing self-government in much the same way that we would be that we would be on a new basis in refgive States' rights in the United States. If a erence to each other-the cooperative. branch has bishops they could keep them, but they would not force them on the rest as the price of Each nation might have its own national exunity. In the same way, if any branch held to pression of Christianity-"The Church of Christ adult baptism they could continue to do so, but in Great Britain," "The Church of Christ in Inthey would not compel the rest to adhere to it. dia," etc. Out of these national expressions would Each branch could make any conditions or no con- be a "World Assembly of the Church of Christ" ditions for transfer into membership or ministry made up of delegates from the national churches. they may desire to make. Nine-tenths of the de- This World Assembly would speak in the name of nominations would probably straight off make no a united Christendom. It could give guidance to conditions whatever either for transfer of min- a distracted and confused world. We would not istry or membership. Moreover, nine-tenths of want to dominate the world through priestcraft, them would have intercommunion straight off. but we would guide it by moral convictions that The other one-tenth would put themselves into a would be inescapable. stream of influences that in the end would make for the dropping of all barriers. In the mean- What of the Doctrine? time we would be patient, leaving to time and the Spirit of God the righting of exclusiveness. In regard to the doctrinal basis on which this unity would be founded, I suggest that that basis There were two ways in which these United be simple – as simple and yet as profound as States might have attempted unity: one was to Christ made it. He founded his Church on the wipe out all state lines and state names and rule confession that He is the Chris,t, the Son of the everything from Washington. Had we tried this, Living God. That is the Rock upon which His we would have been waiting yet for unity. The Church was founded. That is the Rock beneath other way was to allow local expression in the us all. Any group that would confess that con- States and bind the whole into a central unity. fession could be recognized as a branch. That is We took that way and achieved unity. But in the sufficiently definite to hold us to the essential, and beginning there was a very strong state conscious- sufficiently indefinite to give freedom for marness and a very weak central unity. The first de- ginal differences. cision of the United States Supreme Court was flouted by the State of Georgia. In the original But are the denominations willing to look on draft of the Constitution of the United States, the themselves and others as branches? If not, then word "United" was in small letters, it was an ad- if any denomination wants unity with other dejective. But that word, "United," is now a proper nominations and yet is not willing to recognize itname and is getting more proper all the time! In self as a branch and others as branches, then the the beginning of a United Church our branch matter is plain-it does not want unity; it wants consciousness would be strong but the unity con- absorption. I'm not interested in absorption on sciousness would grow and one day will completely the part of any group. Nor will it ever happen. grip us. On our letterheads, we would have "The It would impoverish Christianity to jam it into Church of Christ in America" in large letters one denominational mold. overarching all, and down in the corner in small letters "Presbyterian Branch." The next time the This plan does not ask any denomination to give letters in the branch name might be smaller! And up any truth it may possess. It would not have some day they might fade out altogether-I don't to give it up-it would give it to the rest of us. know! We would leave that to time. And each needs the others' truth, for all of us are but partial expressions of the Truth. Out of these Over these branches, we would have the "Gen- pooled emphases there would grow a fuller exeral Assembly of the Church of Christ in Amer- pression of Christianity, more nearly approxiica" made up of delegates on a pro-rata basis, with mating the Kingdom of God. For none of us are a minimum number guaranteeing representation the Kingdom-we are only approximations. We of the smaller bodies. This body would have to do are all poorer and weaker for our divisions. A with the matters of general interest to the whole mission compound in India was above the aver- Church. District assemblies would deal with local age. I asked the missionary how they were able matters such as overlapping and duplication. to get hold of such lovely property and the reply was, "The man who had the property built such We would no longer tolerate competition or huge walls around it that he went bankrupt buildduplication for we would then be on the coopera- ing walls and was not able to complete the buildtive basis instead of the competitive, as now. ing, so he had to sell it." He became bankrupt That would mean that the weakness of one would building walls! The separate denominationalism be the weakness of all, and the strength of one has almost gone bankrupt building walls of sep- aration between themselves and others and keep-

WELLESLEY C. BAILEY – FRIEND OF LEPERS

ing them in repair. The time has come for us to named after different bishops. I stayed in the take down those walls, and use the material to "Heber Room." When people asked me where I build a mighty temple of God. was staying, I told them I was staying at "The Bishop's House"; but when those on the inside But we are not only bankrupting ourselves, we asked me where I was staying, I would reply that are bankrupting the world by our divisions. In I was staying in "The Heber Room." The point South India, the Ezhayas, numbering 850,000, a was that, even though there were different names very intelligent caste, decided after many years over our doors, we were all under one roof, and of debate to accept Christianity. After the mo- belonged to one family. Now we are under sepmentous decision had been made, a lawyer arose arate roofs with dividing walls between us. Now in the caste conference and said, "Now that you and then we come together in some j oint enterhave decided to adopt Christianity, may I ask you, prise, but the central thing is not our together- 'Which Christianity?' If you live here, you will ness. Then the central thing would be our unity be 'Church of England'; if there, then 'Baptist'; and the marginal thing our separateness. if the other place, 'Salvation Army.' Now you are united as a caste; then you'll be divided as de- In the foothills of the Himalayas, the fireflies nominations." This held up the whole movement are very numerous in the rainy season and beand still holds ·it up. Many a forward movement come interesting points of light in the darkness. is held up by our division. But one night I saw a firefly convention – there" must have been tens of thousands of them in one Under this plan of union many of our enter- great tree, and there must have been a cheerprises, as the missionary enterprise, could be con- leader for they put their lights on and off in uniducted as a unit throughout the world. And with son. As they put them on together, they lighted what an impact it would come, presenting a united up the countryside. Our .separate denominations front to the world need! are interesting points of light as they shine in the darkness, but let them pool their li~ts and they This plan is more than a federation in which will lighten the world. the constituent bodies are left intact. In this plan they are not intact. There are no more separate One of the advantages of this plan for church churches-there are branches of one Church. The unity is that it could be put into operation now, churches have faded out, there is but one Church. without years of backing and filling and compro- mising. And it would set our faces in the direc- One Christian House – Many Rooms tion of complete unity at once.

Let us change the figure again. In Calcutta, I Christians of America, unite! You have nothstayed with the Metropolitan of India, at "The ing to lose except your dividing walls! Bishop's House." In this house are many rooms Wellesley c. Bailey-Friend of Lepers Founder of the Mission to Lepers in 1874 W ELLESLEY COSBY BAILEY was born brothers who was an officer in the 11th Infantry, on April 27, 1846, at Thornbury, Abbey- then stationed at Faizabad in Oudh. When his leix, Queen's County, Ireland, and spent brother was unexpectedly ordered home, he went his boyhood at Poles Bridge, Stradbally. He was to live with Mr. Reuther, a missionary of the educated privately and at Kilkenny College. At Church Missionary Society. During his stay in the age of twenty, like many of Erin's sons, he Mr. Reuther's home he became so greatly interdetermined to try a Colonial career, and on ested in missionary work that he gave up the idea August 28, 1866, he set out for New Zealand. The of entering the Indian Police and joined the following Sunday, when his ship lay anchored in American Presbyterian Mission as headmaster of the Thames off Gravesend, was the occasion of a a mission school in Ambala City, in the Panjab. deep spiritual experience when his life was henceforth surrendered to Christ. After an absence of Near the mission house there was a small colony nearly two years in New Zealand, New Caledonia of lepers under the care of the Rev. J. H. Morand Australia, he returned to Dublin. rison, D.D., senior missionary of the American Presbyterian Mission on the station and on one Early in 1869, Mr. Bailey left home for India of his visits to the colony Dr. Morrison asked his with the intention of joining the Indian Police. young colleague to accompany him. "Here," wrote There he lived for a few months with one of his Mr. Bailey, "I became interested in the lepers and

raised in Ireland. Thus began the system of "grants in aid" of work not directly under the Mission's control. The Mission's first leper home was opened at Chamba in the same year.

In 1882 Mr. and Mrs. Bailey left India and made their home in Edinburgh where for the next three years Mr. Bailey was secretary of the Zenana Bible and Medical Mission and honorary Secre- tary of the Mission to Lepers. Early in 1886 the growing work led the committee to invite him to become the general secretary of the Mission.

During the next thirty-five years not only were homes for lepers and their children established at many places in India, but the work of the Mission was extended to China and to other parts of the world. Auxiliaries and branches were established in Canada, the United States, Australia, New Zealand and on the Continent and Mr. and Mrs. Bailey traveled widely in the interests of the Mission.

When Mr. Bailey visited Canada in 1892 an Auxiliary was organized in Guelph, Ontario, and Miss Lila Watt became its honorary secretary. Later she was appointed full-time secretary. Hp.r work continued with much success until 1908 when ill health compelled her to take a complete , rest.

The British headquarters of the Society were transferred to London in 1921 and a new execu- WELLESLEY C. BAILElY tive council was formed, of which Sir William Fry, D.L., was elected chairman. A committee used to visit them regularly, little realizing that in the United States was organized in 1910 with I was entering upon my life work." Mr. William M. Danner as general secretary-a Early in the year 1872 Mr. Bailey and his wife position which he filled with devotion and effec- visited Subathu, where Dr. John Newton of the tiveness for twenty-six years. This committee American Presbyterian Mission was caring for assumed direct responsibility for specific work in some needy lepers and the impression as to the various countries. Largely due to their efforts, urgent need for leper asylums was deepened. the American interest has greatly increased and Owing to Mrs. Bailey's poor health, it became the United States Government was influential to necessary, towards the end of 1873, for them to establish a national leprosarium. The American leave India for a time. While on furlough they Committee have also succeeded in stimulating visited in Dublin and Monkstown, and Mr. Bailey practical effort to meet toe situation created by related to a small group of friends some of his leprosy in many countries, and the American peo- experiences among the lepers in the Panjab. ple have contributed generous financial support Shortly afterwards Mr. Bailey gave his first pub- in the maintenance and expansion of Christian lic address ort behalf of the lepers in the Friends' work for lepers.

Meeting House at Monkstown. Following this ad- Mr. Bailey retired as general secretary in the dress Miss Charlotte Pinn and her sisters under- year 1917 with the title of Honorary Superintook to raise about £30 a year for relief of the tendent. His recent death removes from the mislepers. Mr. Bailey subsequently wrote: "Though sion circles not only an outstanding personality we did not realize it at the time, there and then but one who, as founder of a work that has bewas founded our beloved Mission." (September, come world-wide in its activities, ranks with those. 1874.) great leaders of the last century. To the work on In the December following, Mr. and Mrs. Bailey behalf of lepers that Mr. Bailey was privileged to returned to India and commenced work under the direct for forty-three years, is due in large meas- Church of Scotland Foreign Mission at Chamba ure the greater things that are being done today in the Panjab. Shortly afterwards he sent to the in the countries of the world where this age-long lepers· of Subathu Rs. 100 out of the first funds scourge is so widely prevalent.

Centennial of Presbyterian

By HERRICK BLACK YOUNG, Ph.D.

Secretary of the Centennial Council of Board of Foreign Missions, Presbyterian Church in the U. S. A.

I T WAS in days of depression, with banks fail- Columbus, Ohio, the last of May and the first week ing and commercial enterprises closing their in June. doors, that the first meeting of the Presbyterian Board of Foreign Missions was held in the The third emphasis, in the autumn, will be city of Baltimore, on October 31, 1837. The given to promoting interest in the churches, since winter of 1838 was one of such unusual severity it was on October 31, 1837, that the first meeting of the Board actually was held.

that even New York City could not care for her A major effort will be made .to acquaint the destitute and men died of starvation or froze to young people of the Church with the Centennial death in the streets. Business confidence was at . and with their responsibilities in the new century a low ebb. None the less, those who had the of foreign missions which is opening ahead. cause of foreign missions on their hearts, launched Therefore, several special projects have been this great forward moving effort in the face of launched to reach the young people. As Presby- great difficulties. It is with this same spirit that terian youth speak to their parents and friends on the Presbyterian Church in this year, 1937, is the subject of "The Future of Foreign Missions," celebrating its Centennial. While full recognition this should bring home to the adult members, the is being given to the glorious achievements of the present world situation as related to foreign mispast century, the major emphasis is being laid sions. With this in view, a Centennial Oratorical upon the problems and opportunities of the period Contest has been set up, with the finals staged at that lies ahead. The concern of the Board is that the Assembly at Columbus. The theme of the orathe Centennial shall sound an urgent call to tions (from 1,500 to 2,000 words in length) is prayerful consecration for sacrificial service in "The Future of Foreign Missions," and the con- the years ahead, as well as a celebration of prog- test is open to any member of this Church between ress already made. the ages of sixteen and twenty-three. The first The spiritual dynamic which ever has been the pla.ce winner will receive as an award a Friend- outstanding characteristic of the foreign mission- ship Frontiers Tour in the summer of 1937 to inary enterprise is especially needed now to over- elude Tokyo, Pyengyang, Peiping, Shanghai, and come depression psychology, materialism and Dumaguete, Philippine Islands. Winner of second criticism in the Church at home, and to surge out place will receive a Friendship Frontiers Tour to against similar and more sinister forces abroad. Mexico and Guatemala. Vital and spiritual connections must be established with great opportunities and movements of the Elimination contests have been held in local Spirit of God in the world today, and thus kindle churches, the winners participating later in each anew the flame of missionary zeal in the Church presbytery, after which judges in the Pacific, Rocky Mountain, Middlewest, and Eastern areas in America. selected the winners and alternates to compete in The present calendar year was set aside by the person at the General Assembly.

General Council of the Presbyterian Church for During the "depression years" only a small the commemoration and it has been thought wise number of new missionaries have been sent to the to divide the twelve months into three major sec- foreign field each year by the Board; and at the tions. From January 1 until June 1 is set aside same time there has been the usual number of as a period for spreading information on the pres- withdrawals, so that the total force on the field has ent importance of the claims of foreign missions, dropped from more than 1,600 to 1,300. One of as well as the accomplishments of the past cen- the major goals of the Centennial year is to arouse tury. A great deal of the lack of interest has been interest in the Church that there will be an in- due to lack of information about the place of for- crease in the gifts and also an increase in voluneign missions in the present world situation. teers for foreign service.

The second period of emphasis during the year Foreign Missions Emphasis Weeks have been is to be the General Assembly which is to meet at arranged for Presbyterian seminaries and col- [241 ]

THE HaN. WALTER LOWRIE, LL.D. written by Dr. M. K. W. Heicher of Pasadena, California, and is entitled "Hitherto-Henceforth" First Secretary of the Board of Foreign Missions in ten episodes. of the Presbyterian Church (1837-1868) The churches on the mission fields, which have leges, and on university campuses where West- grown out of Presbyterian missionary work, and minster Foundations are active. Able speakers the missions in sixteen countries are all setting spend several consecutive days at each institution. aside a special period for celebration during the In addition to formal addresses an opportunity is year. The Africa Mission plan is typical. As a given to present to students, individually and in part of the Centennial, the Mission has planned small groups, a glimpse of the urgent challenge of a Preaching Mission for five days at each comforeign missions and what they themselves may munion point, with African missioners for the contribute to the on-going Christian movement in most part, with a goal to win 15,000 new Christhe new century. tians. April 4, 1937, was set as a special day of prayer, in which the home Church was asked to A forward looking play, "The Years Ahead," join. has been written for the Centennial by Dr. Elliot Field, a well-known religious dramatist. The plot In an effort to bring to the home Church a viis laid on an American campus and with a cast of sion of the world-wide scope of the work of the nine and with no costume problems, it offers few past century, a sound-motion picture film has been difficulties in presentation. produced entitled "Our Century of Progress," with an interpretive lecture by Dr. Robert E. "With Cross and Crown in Every Land, 1837- Speer, who appears in person in the picture. A 1937" is the Centennial pageant, prepared by Dr. special Centennial stereopticon lecture also has William Chalmers Covert. The opening episode been prepared. portrays the inception of the missionary movement in the Apostolic Church; another shows the A Centennial hymn has been selected from more first meeting of the Board of Foreign Missions in than two hundred hymns submitted from all parts Baltimore in 1837, and the final episode gives a of the country and from seven foreign lands. glimpse of the accomplishments of the past cen- "God of Years, Thy Love Has Led Us," by Dr. tury and the challenging opportunities ahead. It Jay Glover Eldridge of Moscow, Idaho, is awarded is available in longer and shorter form and for the prize, to be sung to Beethoven's Hymn to Joy. large and small casts. Another pageant has been A splendid array of foreign missions sermons has been submitted in the Centennial Sermon Contest and the ten outstanding sermons will be published in a booklet and distributed as source material for other preachers on this theme.

"One Hundred Years," the comprehensive his- tory of the work of the century, has been prepared by Dr. Arthur J. Brown, secretary of the Board from 1895 to 1929. (Published by the Fleming H.Revell Company.) A series of six booklets has also been prepared by Dr. William T. Hanzsche, under the title, "And They Went Forth."

I. Introduction – including beginnings of Presbyterian foreign missions and their relationship to world history during the same period.

II. Analysis of the Evangelistic strand in our foreign missions enterprise.

III. Analysis of the Medical strand in our foreign mis- sions enterprise.

IV. Analysis of the Educational strand in our foreign missions enterprise.

V. Analysis of the development of the National Church. VI. Concluding chapter – stressing that the Centennial is a consecration and not a celebration.

Centennial pamphlets, one for each Mission, gives the present situation in each field around the world.

At the General Assembly (beginning on May 27,1937) greetings will be brought from the four-

19371 THE CENTENNIAL OF PRESBYTERIAN MISSIONS

RE V. MIGUEL RIZZO, JR., MR. YAHYA ARMAJ,uu, MISS YOSKO SAITO, REV. E. C. SOBREPENA, Sao Paulo, Brazil Alborz College, Teheran Manila, Philippines Presbyterian Church, Japan REPRESENTATIVES OF THE PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH IN FORIDIGN LANDS teen National Churches in foreign lands, and school. In 1918, he came to the United States, entered there will be an interesting exhibit of the work Macalester College, receiving his A.B. degree in 1923, and of the century. then for two years studied at Princeton Theological Sem- inary. He later entered Drew Theological Seminary, and Some Delegates from Mission Lands for a time served as pastor of the Filipino Church in Brooklyn. Rev. Miguel Rizzo, Jr., of Sao Paulo, Brazil, is one of the outstanding Protestant ministers of Latin America. After his return to the Philippines in 1926, He became pastor of the United Church in Manila and also taught A recent letter from Brazil says: "He is perhaps :the in the Union Theological Seminary. Dr. Sobrepena is only Protestant minister in the city who is being sought editor of the local official organ of the United Evangelical in Council by any considerable number of those who sit Church, The Advance. in high seats in this city and in Brazil, and so he has a unique position and responsibility. His sermons are based *** on eternal truths, and not theological quioblings." Mr. Yahya Armajani, one of the Christian leaders of the Near East, is the representative of the Evangelical H-e is the eldest son of Deacon Miguel Rizzo, one of the Church of Iran. He is on the faculty of Alborz College earliest converts of the first Presbyterian missionary in of Teheran, where he is chairman of the Religious Work, Brazil. and is active in church affairs throughout awakening Iran. After attending the Presbyterian Mission School in Miguel Rizzo, Jr., received his early training in govern- Resht as a small boy Armajani came to Teheran and finment schools and under private teachers. He then entered ished three years at Alborz College. Coming to the United the Theological Seminary in Campinas. During his early States, he took his B.A. degree at the College of Emporia, pastorates, he founded a school for boys and also carried graduated from Princeton Theological Seminary, and reon extensive evangelistic work. In Campinas, he not only turned to Iran where he has been doing outstanding work built a modern church edifice, but taught modern lan- in the Evangelical Church. guages in the local high school and was professor of Portuguese literature in the Government Teachers College. *** Rev. Hafiz Abood Faris is moderator of the Syrian Since 1926, Professor Rizzo has been pastor in the First Evangelical Church. He has spent a number of years in America and is now pastor of the church at Horns, Syria, Presbyterian Church of Sao Paulo, where the membership president of. the Synod, and moderator of the Syrian Evangelical Church. The federation among the Prothas increased from three hundred to sixteen hundred, with estants in Syria, effected under his leadership, in addition to the Evangelical Church includes the Covenanter an attendance of 1,000 at morning services. His , church, churches, the Irish Presbyterian Mission churches and the Danish Mission churches. conducts more than a dozen Sunday schools in the suburbs For a Church-wide broadcast (October 29, of this city of 1,000,000 inhabitants. ' 1937), hundre,ds of thousands of Presbyterian groups can assemble in their own localities to For several years Professor Rizzo was editor of The hear the Centennial message by Dr. Robert E. Speer, on the eve of his retirement from the office Review of Na,tiona~ Missions of the Presbyterian Church of Secretary of the Board after forty-six years of active service. of Brazil. He has been asked by the General Assembly A special celebration is to be held in the Fifth of the Brazilian Church to write a biography of the late Avenue Church, New York, October 28, 1937, to which representatives of all Mission Boards and Dr. Erasmo Braga. Societies in America will be invited, together with representatives of Societies in Great Britain and *** The Rev. Enrique C. Sobrepena, D.D., moderator of the United Evangelical Church of the Philippine Islands, is to represent the new church of his native land. He was elected as first moderator of the General Assembly of this United Church at the time of its organization in 1929, and has been reelected biennially for three successive terms.

Dr. Sobrepena was a member of the constitutional convention and assisted in drafting the plan of government of the Philippine Commonwealth.

Enrique Sobrepena was born in Caba, La Union, and joined the evangelical Church while attending grade

Europe. This will be devoted largely to the dis- (c) Training nati.onal w.orkers .on the f.oreign field f.or cussion of the vital issues in world missions at the Christian service am.ong their .own pe.ople. present time, but will include a survey of the century in world-wide missions. In First Church, (d) Devel.opment .of medical w.ork thr.ough better equip- Baltimore, in which the first meeting of the Board was held, there will be another celebration on Oc- ment .of selected h.ospitals, particularly projects such as tober 31 and November 1. public health campaigns, end.owments .of beds f.or .our min- Because many in the Church will wish to make a special gift to celebrate the end of the first cen- istry t.o the P.o.or, etc. . tury and to start the second hundred years, a Centennial Fund for Foreign Missions is being set (e) Certain f.orward-I.o.oking projects t.o be designated up to be used for the following purposes: by the B.oard with particular regard t.o their appeal t.o y.oung pe.ople, w.omen, men's .organizati.ons, and t.o other (a) Life – new missi.onaries t.o increase the missionary particular gr.oups in the Church. OpP.ortunity will be f.orce. The B.oard pr.oP.oses t.o ask f.or these .on a ten-year given t.o individuals and churches t.o undertake such pr.ojbasis, expecting t.o abs.orb ten per cent a year .of this in- ects as they may desire. crease in its regular budget through increased gifts .of the churches. As a result of the centennial celebration, it is hoped that by the end of the year of 1937 the (b) Definite evangelistic pr.ojects t.o meet the .oPP.ortu- Presbyterian Church, U. S. A., will be more fully nities n.ow c.onfr.onting the B.oard and its Missi.ons. aware of the vistas of opportunity in the new cen- tury and will be more eager to promote the work of Christ in every land and among all peoples.

GOD OF YEARS THY LOVE HATH LED US (Centennial Hymn, 1837-1937) 8.7.8.7. D. H lMN TO JOY Jay Glove. Eldridge. 19311 Ludwig van B.<tnoven. 1824 Wilh exultation '~rt=±=ft~ii I.!l ~ j Ij: 5' 33 1. God of years, Thy love haib led u~, Thou hast been our bul-wark strong, 2. On ward lead, 0 King e· ter-nal, 10, we heed Thy high com-mand, 3. Lead us forth, a Church u – nit – ed, Strong. cour-a-geous, in Thy migbt.

I mI ~~ 1j Jj Z ~~j-=~–~ ii n ~E ¢fJlf~.1):I~ Wall of fire a gainst the wick-ed, Sword of power a-gainst the wrong.

Bear good news tc ev – ery peo – pIe, Far and near, in ev – cry land. 10, the fields are white with bar-vest, Sheaves to gar-ner ere the night.

II ~:- ~ -C 1 ~- ~I ~~~:=f11~~ ~ 1i4fi~J9~hIlI–~ '"' ':;'"'; "in Thou hast blest of old Thy serv-ants As they bore Thy mes sage far; Thine they are,Thy love doth seek them, Thou wouldst bring them tc the light; ~ ~~ad;' !Lh~h "'~ 'oil; ~ft-ri=#ff-r~f f IfflFT1-ti ~~~d:-J~~~ J.4 ~J~l —-.1..-.+.,-.—-+.-.–1-w0 -~ -1 H-~ I.·-I-1 1 T .+. …-~–.I..6 –"Z+1 7-::–6:t/–1-7-7l~ .

We who fol-Iow in their foot-steps Ev-er-more tbeir debt-ois are.

Lea:! us on till darkness brighteris, On till faith is lost in sight.

Lead us on, 0 King e ter-nal, So shall love, world-wide. pre-vail. A-men• r(.-;'8_iO~~ -e.-_.:JrI..r–~..·~.–I-[-'I.Tt=:-:–1=r1=_l-.=.-/=~Ltt.._l:~==-+=:-..~r.==-f!:~:~-=W~·~.~ W–. …~— -.;j-~—-l Word. C ·Ilyrillibt. 1937, by tb. Prc.l>vteri·, B "ard of j/I)reign Missiona.

Christ Changes Life in

By BRAYTON C. CASE -·~.II'._=""M""I""'S""Si""On""a""rY=o,,,,'""'h_Se=cAh_mo"o"el","ri_Pcay""inn=mB"a"anp"a"'_,iS,B,,,t"u"Mrm_l""a'SS""io_n=A""g""ri""CU_I""tu",,ra_I=;;;;:JI5+"- W HAT difference do Christian missions "One man may take one thousand mates." make to the people of Burma? Is their "Wrong a woman as you may-twenty-five life really changed? rupees (the price of an ox) will make it good." One Sunday afternoon I had been at a meeting "If the skirt of a woman touches the sacred of Christians in a village bamboo chapel. After page of Pali scripture (written on the palmleaf) the service a Burmese Christian asked me to it is counted a sin for which she may suffer years speak to his brother about Christ. He took me in hell." outside the village through the intense heat of the While Burmese boys went to the monastic sun and left me in the shade of a teak tree while school to learn to read, girls were kept illiterate. he called his brother who was cutting grass be- Childhood is changed. As soon as a child is old tween the fields of ripening rice. Soon the brother enough to run, he is expected to help add to the came and set his sickle down beside me. I said: income of his parents, and often will be taken out "Your brother wants me to preach to you about of school (if there is one) in order that he may drive away sparrows from the grain, herd the Christ." cattle, cut grass, lug the smaller child, weed the "You do not need to preach to me," he replied. fields, carry food to his elders, and in any way lighten the burdens of his parents. Children are "I used to work as cook for a Christian English for the welfare of their parents, rather than parjudge, and went to many parts of Burma with ents for the welfare of the children. Half the him. In the morning he held his court, and then children of Burma die in their infancy, and many while he rested in the middle of the day, I watched who live longer are maimed, blind, covered with the door. He would tell me, 'If any man comes itch, attached by vermin, and suffer with diseases to see me with a roll of rupees in his hand for a through ignorance and carelessness. But when bribe, you drive him down the stairs. But if any Jesus Christ comes to a village, there come also one comes who is really in trouble and needs my new health to the child, new schools to open his help, call me and I will help him.' With the Chris- mind, more soap to clean his body and his clothes. tian judge I went to Mandalay, and there I saw a Life is lengthened and expanded, and opportunity Christian leper asylum. If we Buddhists see a for the life of a child is enlarged. Jesus said, leper, we think he must be suffering that penalty "Suffer little children to come unto me." for some sin of a previous incarnation. We throw him a copper coin and say, 'Get out of my sight.' Man is changed. He has been crushed under But the Christians of Mandalay have built houses the burden of debt, poverty, disease and fear of for lepers and provide food and clothing for them. the evil spirits, which he believes are in every I also saw beautiful white women with lovely, cul- tree, pond, field and house. He also lives in fear tured faces who, with their delicate white hands, of his fellow-man; neighbors steal his crops and washed the filthy sores of those lepers. Buddhists maim his animals; cheating .and lying are so hate lepers; only Christians love lepers." common that he trusts no one except his own fam- ily. There is no bank in which to deposit his In Burma, only Christians have leper asylums; money. His few possessions must be hidden only Christians have schools for the blind and away, protected by his long spear which he puts teach them to read and work to earn their living. besides him as he lies down at night. Half a dozen Only Christians have schools for the deaf and of the most ferocious dogs he can find are kept dumb. Christians are "different." outside the door to frighten away his thieving neighbors. They bark all night so he gets no People are changed in Burma when Jesus sleep. But the spirit of Jesus Christ teaches men Christ comes into their lives. to love their neighbors; a new peace and good will among men is introduced and they begin to Womanhood is changed. They have been the help one another in new ways. Christ taught men drudges. The Burmese woman walks behind the man and carries the heavy load on her head. A woman is told that she is worth less than a male dog. The old sayings were: [245 ]

to stand straighter, both in body and spirit. In schools and colleges, and hospitals for nurses'

Christian communities new crops are grown; training.'·'

there is more food. Interest rates go down. A "Are you troubled with thieving?" I asked.

man can enjoy more of what he produces, and "No," he said, "we have a Christian night~ there comes in a new spirit of generosity, to give watchman who, with a cross bow and arrow, for the good of others. The home is cleaner and watches the streets at night, and there is a notice the family is better fed; all life is more abundant. at the head of the village which reads: 'No one A visit to the Christian village of Ingaw will may pass through the village after ten o'clock.' If illustrate. The young people had arranged a any dogs bark, he shoots his arrows; thieves stay summer Bible assembly for young people in the away." villages. As a member of the faculty I was asked There were 125 adults besides fifty children atto give a course on the twelve Apostles, and an- tending the Bible Assembly. When the bell rang, other also on pigs, rice, fruit and vegetables. On people left their houses with the doors open and arrival I was met at the river bank by a bullock· went to the school house. The choir sang, a brass cart from the village, and brought with me some band played, and the people worshiped. .They had not learned much of modern agriculture or medi- Berkshire pigs and Barred Plymouth Rock hens cine, or modern housekeeping, but they had to help in the teaching; also baskets of rice seed, learned to love one another, to pray and sing, to vegetable seeds, cashew nuts, and fruit seeds. The give generously, and to honor the Christian life oxen trotted along the jungle road on which there were mud holes where the buffaloes and pigs wal- of the elders. It made life different. lowed, and more than once we nearly tipped over. I asked to see the headman of the village whose Two miles an hour was the speed limit. In Amer- duty it is to keep law and order. One would exica, people tell me that their town is the best in pect to see some strong-armed man, but he was the country and their neighbors are most remark- over seventy, bent with years. He ruled the vilable. In Burma, they say: "I live in an awful lage through love and justice. There had been no village." Villages were pointed out to me where police cases in his village for many years. The . there were thieves, gamblers, opium eaters and district judge had asked why he was sending no opium smugglers. I was told the chief of one cases to his court, and the reply was: village had been jailed for stealing the taxes. "This is a Christian village. We settle our dis- Fences were tumbled down; houses were leaning putes peaceably amongst ourselves. We do not over; there were roofs through which the sun need lawyers and courts." I went with him to visit one of the Christian was shining, and the houses were in a dilapidated homes. On entering the yard, I saw a vegetable condition. garden, flowers growing, a pig pen on one side and chicken coop on the other. The man of the Suddenly we came to a new type of village. The house came out with a smile and the family dog street was straight, with ditches beside the road walked behind, wagging his tail in friendlin~ss. to drain them. Fences were upright and the I asked if there were any Buddhist homes in the yards were neat, with attractive houses which al- village, and he replied that there were seven most looked like missionary homes. They were houses on the outskirts. The leading home was built up on stilts because, during the rainy season, of the "kyaungtaga," the honorary title used 'to one hundred inches of rain fall in six months. designate a builder of sacred places. He had built The land is a swamp, and floods are common, so a monastery many years ago with 300 rupees and that people live from the second story up. At the had gained the title for life. His daughter had end of the village street was a large attractive attended the school for a few years but was taken teakwood school house. out for fear she might become a Christian. His son went to the monastery where he had shouted "How much did it cost," I asked. his letters to the Buddhist priest for three or four years, but he was scarcely able to read or write. "Ten thousand· rupees," the driver' replied; This Buddhist elder had no garden, no pigs or "but we only had to buy the timber. We built it with our own hands. It is a middle school of 150 children, with a higher department."

"How can you have such a high grade school chickens, because he believed his ancestors might in a village of only 130 houses?" I asked. be in them. It would be a sin for him to kill any "The Christian villages at the foot of the hill of them for meat.

only have primary schools," the driver replied, "Will you come hear what we are teaching "so their children come here for the higher edu- about agriculture in the meetings of the as- cation, and each Christian family extends a stand- sembly?" I asked Kyaungtaga.

ing invitation, with free board and lodging, for "We do not dare to leave the house for fear of any child from any of these villages. Young peo- thieves," he replied. "Are you afraid your Chris- ple graduating here have gone out to normal tian neighbors will steal from you?"

HOW CHRIST CHANGES LIFE IN BURMA

"We have other neighbors of whom we are "Where is the doctor?"

afraid," he replied. "It is after five o'clock," the nurse replied.

The Christian headman explained that these "These are not his hours to be here; perhaps he seven Buddhist families are divided into three is at home."

groups that are not on speaking terms with each We found him, but he said: "Cholera is a very other. contagious disease. We cannot take cholera pa- As I started to go away, half a dozen fierce tients here. There is a pest house outside the city dogs, like wild lions, came bounding after me as if with another doctor in charge who takes care of they would eat me alive. them."

"Why do you have such fierce dogs?" I asked. When we reached the long shed known as the "The dogs are all that we have that we can "pest house," we heard groans of men hoarsely trust," was the reply. crying, "Water, water," for cholera hrings a ter- I told him that the Christians learned to trust rible thirst. We asked: one another when they had learned to trust God. "Where is the doctor?"

"Will you come and hear about the God who "No doctor," they replied.

makes them different?" I asked. The water jars were full, and beside them were "They have their religion," he replied, "and we • bottles of medicine, also full, but there was no have ours." He shut up his heart like a clam; doctor to care for the sufferers. After a short and when he shut Jesus out, he shut out the im- time, the native doctor appeared. He had been proved agriculture, the improved health, the hiding until he heard we were there and would higher education, the richer social life and a great find it out. He had been educated in a government measure of that now abundant life which Jesus medical school and knew the treatment, but it was Christ brings to the villages of Burma. He does not pleasant to see men dying with cholera, and make a difference. he did not want to catch it. He had a medical If Burma is a part of the British Empire, why education, but was not a Christian. He had bedon't the British do something to civilize these come a doctor to get a good salary and pension; people and teach them modern improvements? not for the service he could give to others. Sim- The British have done many things to improve the ilarily do we find a difference in other forms of life of the people, and missionaries are grateful government service where men are not Christians. for the British law and order, peace and justice, which give freedom for the teaching and practice Some British officers, with a Christian back- of religion. Many British officers, with high ground who had seen the cooperative societies of ideals of Christian character, have tried to set up Europe, have tried to organize similar societies , the machinery of government organization to aid for the relief of poor farmers, enslaved by debt, the people of the country. Colleges have been es- who often pay 100% interest for money borrowed tablished by the government, teaching science, to meet living and agricultural expenses between engineering, law and medicine. In each district harvests. They organized central cooperative headquarters there is a government hospital with banks and persuaded men of means to put their free beds and free dispensing of medicines, with savings into them, to be loaned to the poor farm- two doctors in charge. All of this is paid for out ers at much reduced rates of interest. The or- of the taxes. We do not often see such service ganization was set up for village cooperative even in America, but the difficulty is with the peo- credit societies where the farmers who put in ten ple who run the machinery. rupees for a share, could borrow up to 100 rupees I was visiting Myitkyina in the northern part for cultivation at a rate of 15 % instead of 100 %. of Burma where Mr. Geis was a missionary to the Kachins. Cholera had broken out. The people The Buddhist village leader saw in this a val- believe the demons have been let loose and are uable new opportunity, and told his sons and destroying them. At night bonfires are lighted on nephews and uncles, and hired men, to join. "If the streets; a great din is made by rattling of you do not have the money," he said, "I will lend tin cans and shouting. The Buddhist priests you ten rupees so you get your money in quickly. gather on the street corners and recite incanta- Now, elect me chairman. We will each stand se- tions to drive out the demons. Here sick people curity for one another, and sign a paper request- were on the streets, going to the hospital. We ing a loan of 100 rupees each." found a Kachin man lying beside the river bank This paper was sent to the cooperative bank and the loan was secured.

who had been stricken with cholera, and carried "Now," he said, "you give me the money; I am him to the hospital. We met Burmans and Chi- boss, and I will lend it out at the usual 100% in- nese, being helped by their neighbors, and trying terest to those who could not get into the society.

to reach the Government hospitals before they We will all make an easy profit without any died. When we arriv~d, we asked: work."

The loans were recorded in the loan books and, agriculture proposed to be taught in schools, is at the end of the year, principal plus interest was considered mere "animal learning." We are told written down as received, and the next day an to give our life-time savings to build pagodas and amount, equal to the principal and interest, was temples. The food of the poor must go as offer- loaned out again, so that the whole transaction ings to priests and idols. The price received for was merely a book transfer without any money. the harvest must be used for the pagoda festival The heads of the cooperative bank in the begin- and the burning of a dead priest. They teach us ning, were British but the popular cry demanded to waste our substance, but you Christians offer that a fellow-Buddhist should be placed at the the opportunity for progress."

head. When the depression came, and an investi- This man was a leading member of the legisla- gation was started to look for the actual money, tive council and finance committee, and a Burman it was learned there was no money, but only ac- Buddhist, but he knew that Christians were "dif- counts. The head of the bank, to prevent investi- ferent."

gation, burned the bank and his accounts; the Another experience strikingly illustrates this.

bank failed, and several thousand cooperative so- Speeding on an express train from Mandalay to Cieties were closed. Many pronounced the coop- Rangoon, I came to a bridge near which some erative movement a failure. The Christian men at· people had been stealing fence wire from the rail- Pyinmana have now organized a new cooperative road, for which they had been persecuted and bank and new types of village cooperative socie- punished. To get even with the railroad, they ties for the marketing of poultry products. The took the rails off from the bridge, and the engine Buddhist who was head of the cooperative de- crashed headlong into the gulch with several cars partment in my district, came to my office and on top of it, full of passengers. Fifty-seven peo- said: ple were killed. I was at the back of the train, "Unless Christian missionaries help develop the and jumped up with my electric torch. I ran Cooperative Movement in Burma, it will fail." down to the wreck where the injured were shriek- He knew Christians were "different." ing for help.

British doctors, with Christian ideals, saw the "Save me!" they cried. "I have money I will terrible health conditions and the suffering from give you. Save me!"

disease in the villages, and organized the Burma I climbed through a broken window on the side Health Department. Modern methods of health of one of the overturned cars and found I was education were introduced, and trained nurses walking upon the bodies of the dead, between and midwives were placed in strategic centers. which were still moving some arms and feet of Moving pictures were shown to shouting crowds those yet alive. A door had crushed six people all over Burma. Tons of health literature were who were still alive, but I could not raise it. I distributed all over the country, giving instruc- told the injured that I would go for help and come tion on feeding,care and prevention of disease, to save them. I went to the back of the train small pox, cholera, sanitation, pure water, with where men were sitting comfortably in their striking pictures in color. The people gladly ac- seats under the electric lights, and shouted: cepted the free literature. Paper is rarely seen "Will three or four of you men come and help in the villages and the health leaflets were often me to lift a door which has crushed six people?· used as cigar or cheroot wrappers, and were If you help, we can save them."

smoked with appreciation – the only method by Noone would move. ·1 went to the next car which many of them could take in the informa- where there were Buddhist priests with shaven tion! When I met the man at the head of the heads and yellow robes. They were men of in- propaganda work of this Department, in a Chris- fluence, whom people worshipped. I begged of tian village, where people eagerly welcomed him them to tell some strong men near by to come and his ideas, he said: and help me.

"Unless the Christians help in the work of the "They are your fellow-Burmans," I said, "your Health Department, it will only end in hot air." own flesh and blood. Come and help save them."

He was a Buddhist Burman, but he knew Chris- They just glared at me; no one said a word nor tians were "different." made a move. At the back of the train in the Recently I served' on a government committee guard-van, I knew there were axes and crowbars for the reorganization of village and vocational for emergencies. I went back and picked them education in Burma, and visited many schools. up, and as I returned, once more cried: When we left a Christian school, which was mak- "Will someone please come and help me save ing a distinctive contribution to village economic six people?"

life, one of the Burmese men said to me, "The A Burman gentleman stepped out and said, "I Buddhist priests teach us that we must not raise will help."

chickens and pigs. The science of health and He was a Christian lawyer from Mandalay. A

boy came running along beside me, who said he portunities of a more abundant life. He had a was from the Christian school in Mandalay. He bank on his estate which loaned money for culti- also would help. We climbed down into the wreck vating expenses, at 1270 instead of 100%. He and hacked and sawed at the door. While we always paid a higher price for the harvest than worked, passengers came along with lighted the neighboring merchants. He opened roads to candles, saying: the villages; he provided a private police force to protect the people from marauding robber bands, "I have lost my bed bundle! Where is my pil- and his door was always open to the farmers who low? I want my box; it has money in it." had difficulties and disputes to settle among them- selves. He was like a father to his tenants. Cap- One of the men who escaped injury, yelled at tain Rivers said to me: them, "Isn't it good enough that your life was saved, not to trouble these men at their work?" "You are teaching improved practices in the He joined in and helped, but the others only Pyinmana Agriculture School, and have men who worked to get something for themselves but would know how to show these tenants' better methods not work to save others. After many hours we of farming. Will you please locate some of your rescued the people under the door, but only four graduates from the school on my estate as demon- were alive. The last woman had her hip crushed. strators of improved agriculture?" It was daylight now, and some strong farmers were standing besides me looking on. I cried to When I put the proposition up to the young men one of them: in the school, three of them volunteered to leave home and settle on this estate. Each took ten "Won't you please help me carry this poor acres of land; the size of a tenant farm, and there woman across the stream?" they now are growing the improved government pedigreed rice, yielding 2570 more of a crop, "Ma-kaing, ye-bu," was the reply, which means, ripening one month earlier, than that of their "I do not feel like touching her. It would be un- neighbors. Because of earlier ripel!ing, the pleasant to help carry an injured woman." ground is still moist enough for planting, and cow peas have been sown in the rice stubble and plowed Soon after a relief train arrived with the Super- under. The beans grow, and pods form during intendent of the railroad. When I asked why the the two months while the rice is being harvested, people did not help, he replied: threshed and cleaned. Then, they come back and pick the beans which can be eaten or sold and so "In every wreck it is the same way. No one two crops are harvested from that rice field where will help." there was only one crop before. The bean vines are fed to the cattle that work the field, and next After many dead bodies were lifted out of the year a better crop of rice will grow because the wrecked cars, the workmen came upon a Bud- beans have made the soil more fertile. On the dhist priest who was still alive. He had been higher land, instead of rice, they are growing bolstered by the bodies surrounding him and had sugar cane, soy beans and pigeon peas, which not been injured. He stood up and shook his bring a higher income than the rice. Near their hand and then he shook his foot and said, "Noth- bamboo house is a vegetable garden with cabing is the matter with me. I am all right." And bages, carrots, onions, radishes, tomatoes, egg out came the usual Burman expression, "Kan- plants and lima beans. They have good things to kaung-lo-lut-teh," meaning "My good karma eat, produced in the home garden for which they (previous good deeds) has saved me." That is do not have to borrow from the bank between what the Buddhists have been taught for a thou- harvests. They use a modern plow that does sand years. People who were injured received twice as good work as the old native plow. They what they deserved, due to the evil deeds of a also have the Berkshire "Christian" pigs and the previous existence. Those who escaped received Barred Plymouth Rock "Christian" hens. the reward of their good deeds. Why should they suffer for others? The ideas of those farm demonstrators are spreading to the neighboring villages, and life is But Jesus Christ taught the way of the Cross, being changed. Those three farm demonstrators the way of suffering to save others. That is what and that captain at the head of the ·estate are makes Christians "different." working to lift the village farmers out of poverty, debt and hopelessness. Each of them is saying, For many years I shuddered whenever I went "I'll help. I'll help." They are Christians; their by that bridge. But now when I come to Kyauk- lives have been changed by the spirit of Jesus taga, the town near that wreck, I am thrilled with the expectation of meeting Christian friends Christ who said: working to save others. "I am come that they may have life and may Captain Rivers, a former army officer, recently have it more abundantly." became the director of a large estate of 35,000 acres on which live 15,000 tenant· farmers and their families. He saw their rice yielded a poor crop. They were slaves to money lenders, and life was hopeless. He wanted to lift them to the op-

by M,r. aM Mrs. Martin

KENYA GIRLS OF EAST AFRICA-THEIR ORNAMENTS ARE BRASS RINGS, BEADS AND IVORY EARRINGS Photo by Mr. and Mrs. Martin Johnson MOVING PICTURE-EAST AFRICAN NATIVES STARTING A WAR DANCE

Moving Pictures of African

11 By WILliAM L. ROGERS, Now Y",k I~ O NCE it was news when denominational mis- ensuing industrialization; the wealth of Africa's sion boards cooperated in their missionary natural resources; and some of the effects of in- work. Now the first joint production of a dustrialization upon the native African. These motion picture on a year's field of foreign mission reels are comprehensive enough for advanced edu- study is news because it marks another advance cational groups, and at the same time are pre- in interdenominational cooperation. It is news, sented so simply as to be usable with the grade too, when that motion picture, prepared primarily school children.

for missionary education, is recommended by edu- Reel three, From Fetishes to Faith, takes up cators for use in public schools as an educational the problems which confronted the first mission- film. It bids fair to be a successful experiment aries to Africa, shows how they are gradually be- in cooperative financing. ing solved and sketches the hopes for the Chris- Since Africa has been the subject for foreign tian church in Africa when the present tremen- mission study by the Protestant churches during dous needs have been met. Thus the first two the past year, it seemed advisable to have ade- reels paint the background of African life in quate visual material to supplement the study which Christian missionaries must work, while books. the third reel shows what is being done for the A committee of the Missionary Education African. The entire African situation is in this Movement soon found that although many of the way presented to the church at home and chal- denominational boards had short motion picture lenges it to match the efforts of the missionary films on Africa, none wished to take the respon- with unselfish support.

sibility for editing a longer film for interdenom- The success met in the cooperative financing of inational use. The Harmon Foundation finally this production offers the hope that a way has agreed to produce the picture, through its Division been found by which the denominational boards of Visual Experiment, and to make copies of the may have valuable visual material on their vari- film available to the boards, providing the Boards ous mission fields which has hitherto been too having work in Africa would assist. expensive. When twelve sets have been sold pro- A fine piece of cooperation followed. Ten of duction costs will have been met and the net in- the boards and their missionaries contributed come from additional sales will be divided among films, as did the late Martin Johnson, the Legation the purchasing boards. * Most of the boards own- of the Union of South Africa and others. The ing copies of the film charge a nominal rental for final selections were made from over a· hundred its use by local churches. It is likely that the first reels of film submitted. The scenario was pre- two reels will be increasingly used by the school pared by the writer of this article, with the help- systems of the country. While public schools will ful supervision of Rev. Emory Ross, Secretary of not accept religious material as such, they offer the Africa Committee of the Foreign Missions no objections to films embodying high ethical and Conference of North America, and by the Mis- cultural values. Denominational mission boards sionary Education Movement and denominational are thus in a strategic position for the production boards. of films which will pay their own way, while meet- AFRICA JOINS THE WORLD is a 16 mm. film, in ing the educational needs of the boards. Regard- three reels, each of which is a distinct unit. The less of whether or not AFRICA JOINS THE WORLD first reel, What Africa Is, makes use of animated proves a financial success to the denominational charts and maps as well as scenes to portray Af- mission boards, the interdenominational coopera- rica's history, physiography, racial distribution, tion that has gone into this production has great primitive religious beliefs, arts, and tribal or- vallie in itself and points the way to future help- ganization. The second reel, How Africa Lives, ful cooperation in the same field.

shows Africa's home life – types of houses, clothes, ornamentation, domestic relations, and • Ten and two-thirds sets have already been sold to boards- types of food; how th e African I'mteamkeasn a l' tivhinthge; Assemblies of God; Church of the Brethren; Congregational and the conquest of A fri ca b y the wh Christian; Methodist Episcopal; National Baptist; Northern Bap- W I u.tist Convention; Norwegian Lutheran; Presbyterian Church in S.; Presbyterian Church in U. S. A.; Seventh Day Adventist [251 ]

Future of Antioch I•n

Christian Missions to the ffMother of Gentile Churches"

By W. G. GREENSLADE, Beirut, Syria I Missionary of the Presbyterian Church, U. S. A. 1)8- ~==========================~ W HAT happens to Antioch in Syria is of largely substituted Latin for Arabic characters more than passing interest to Christians. in signs on the shops, and they publish a daily That city, "Mother of Gentile Churches," paper called "The New Day," partly in the Latin is where the "disciples were first called Chris- character and partly in the Arabic.

tians." Thence Paul and Barnabas set forth on The Arab or Syrian inhabitants of the sanjak, their foreign missionary campaign and there, including the Christian population is another fac- through the early centuries, Christian theology tor. Alexandretta is also Syria's only seaport and was worked out. Thence Ignatius went to Rome a large part of Aleppo's shipping· is through that to die a martyr and Chrysostom went to Constan- port. To pass by rail from Aleppo to Alexan- tinople to preach righteousness. There the body dretta means crossing the Turkish border and of Simeon Stylites was brought for burial from back again.

his neighboring mountain where he had made his The Syrian attitude is as follows: "Turkey de- influence felt throughout the empire. Several sires to annex the province of Alexandretta on ecclesiasts of Oriental Christian sects still bear the pretext that most of its inhabitants are Turks.

the title "Patriarch of Antioch," though living in … The Syrian people never doubt the fact that Damascus, Beirut or other centersl. the majority of the inhabitants of the sanjak are In recent months Antioch has been the subject Arabs.. . . Turkey cannot ignore the fact that of an international controversy. France has the natural boundaries between Turkey and Syria promised independence to the two mandated coun- are the Taurus Mountains; there are no other tries of Syria and the Lebanese Republic and will boundaries at all. If some of her subjects are liv- recommend their admission to the League of Na- ing to the south of this range why does she not tions. But Turkey has demanded a further di- suggest the exchange of inhabitants."

vision of Syria by making the district of Alexan- Recent reports from Geneva seem to indicate dretta, including its metropolis Antioch, into an that the Turkish view is prevailing and that the independent state. sanjak of Alexandretta is to have an independent What bearing has this controversy on the administration with a French High Commis- missionary cause? Since the World War the san- sioner, with a nominal allegiance to Syria, but jak (or ,district) of Alexandretta, though con- with recognition of Turkey's peculiar interests.

nected with Syria, has been financially autono- This may be merely a first step in the reabsorp- mous and has had some degree of administrative tion of Alexandretta and Antioch by Turkey.

independence. Racially the population differs The chief Christian mission operating in the from the rest of Syria in that a large proportion territory is the Irish Reformed Presbyterian with is of Turcoman stock. Antioch is predominantly stations at Alexandretta and Antioch. Its work Turkish-speaking, with Arabic and Armenian as is chiefly among the Arabic-speaking population.

secondary languages. From Antioch can be seen A number of Armenian Congregational churches the long ridge of Musa Dagh, with its cluster of are the result of the work of the American Board.

Armenian villages. Opportunities for contacts and effective witness- Turkey's interest in the sanjak is based partly ing have been found by the missionary agencies in on the large Turkish-speaking population, and the territory, but the most fruitful line of ap- partly on the ground that the occupation of Alex- proach has been through literature. The printed andretta was purely military and not intended as word is being-read more widely than is often.

a permanent annexation to Syria. She also main- realiz·ed. Colportage work has been carried on, tains that the responsibility of France cannot be and newspaper evangelism has been attempted.

passed on to the new state of Syria. The port of Turkish-speaking students from the Near East Alexandretta is only a few miles to the south of School of Theology in Beirut have been able to Turkish territory. The Turks on the Syrian side spend their summers working with some success have their young Kamalist clubs; they have in Antioch and other centers.

[252 ]

MISSIONARIES THROUGH COLORED GLASSES

As to the effect of the new agreement upon mis- ligious regulations of Turkey would apply to work sionary activity, there is not likely to be any im- among the Turks. The question which should disportant limitation of present liberties so long as a turb the Church is whether the Christian forces system of joint sponsorship prevails. Should the are going to be adequate to meet the opportunity district ultimately be absorbed by Turkey, the re- in this ancient stronghold of Christianity.

Missionaries Through Colored Glasses "Fighting Angel" and "The Exile" by Pearl Buck A Review by the REV. H. KERR TAYLOR, D.D., Nashville, Tenn.

Recently a Missionary in China under the Presoyterian Church, South I N "The Exile," Pearl Buck wrote an idealized guage, she really believes about God or prayer or picture of her mother, a remarkable record of the uniqueness of the character and claims of a life with a high purpose, the picture of a de- Jesus Christ – not to speak of the nature and voted missionary. One is conscious at times that reality of sin. At times we wonder where her the daughter is weaving into the picture her own sympathies are. sophistication; it is difficult to conceive of Mrs. Sydenstricker as a mere "exile." But the charm Those who knew her parents are convinced that and self-sacrifice of her character is beautifully Pearl Buck is pitifully disloyal to her father. If portrayed. she cannot agree with the purpose for which the missionaries of Christ give their lives, at least In striking contrast to this is the picture drawn she need not spread a perverted estimate of them. of the father in "The Fighting Angel." According That many missionaries have made mistakes and to the daughter his understanding sympathy and even sinned, they themselves would not deny. Still love for his children were conspicuous by their the ratio of failings which she describes to other absence; his mind was wholly on his work, so characteristics and achievements of magnificent that the mother is represented as forced to fend worth would be about one to ten thousand. To alone for the welfare of the children. Former one familiar with missionary life, her criticisms friends and associates of Dr. Absalom Syden- and strictures are often false and absurd. stricker, who is called "Andrew" in the book, would scarcely associate with his memory the At the same time her descriptions of missionstubborn, awkward, ruthlessly Teuton spirit that ary sacrifice, loneliness, hardships, courage and the daughter describes. They speak of him as an fortitude are vivid and true. Would that every intense individualist; but the reputation they speaker and writer on this theme had the descrippreserve for him is "that prince of itinerators." tive ability of Pearl Buck. Her descriptions are With prodigious labor through fifty years, he excellent of Chinese life, villages, dogs, gambling, preached the Gospel round about Sutsien and Su- the opening of Montgomery Ward boxes, and chowfu and Haichow and Tsing-Kiang-pu. It was some of the economic missionary problems. The his aim and accomplishment to build on no other account of the fateful days of the siege of Nanman's foundation. king in 1928 is accurate and thrilling.

It is well to remember that, for Pearl Buck, the In spite of all she says about her father one norm of what missionary work ought to be, in- cannot but – even through these pages – respect deed of religion itself, is that which lies in her the old man. He deserves a truer and better symown mind. She is not a missionary and now lives pathetic historian. His soul was not the petty on an estate in Pennsylvania, and in an apartment thing here described, nor was his environment. in New York. One gathers from this book that Missionary life is not an exile. It is not a duress. missionary service is not at all to her liking. To a true missionary it is a glad privilege, in spite of hardships. That is what the missionaries have It is difficult to understand just what, in spite been ceaselessly telling us; and from the looks of of her 17th century Biblical and theological lan- their faces we believe it.

Ways of

crested Methods for Increasing Interest at Home EDITED BY MR8. ESTELLA S. AITCHISON, GRANVILLE, OHIO ~'=I========================~I Shall We Use Projects'? pull with all its might. Christ from its promotional literature was a most concrete preacher give the following specifications: There can scarcely be ap.y and leader in actual endeavor. question as to the nece~sity for The adoption of a missionary or Magnify your world-a project ~or giving new~born emotIOn~ ~nd a share m a worker, his field or enlarged VIsion. Instead of seemg purposes aroused by mISSIOn some feature thereof will moti- India as a far-away country of remote study and programs an e~rly ac- vate a congregation far more interest the Y. P. W. F. Project will tivation as a conservatIOn and than pulpit eloquence or even reveal large groups of ea~est, at~n­ an outlet. But opinions differ as brilliant programs. tive young people learmng to h~e useful, satisfying lives, to take theIr to whether the unconcreted ap- Illustrations of this are the places in home, chu~ch and profespeal for "missions" or .the sp~­ familiar outflow of personal sional life. Japan WIll be sho~n !lot cific one for some defimte proJ- gratitude in Thanksgiving min- as a tiny island kingdom onsthng ect should be the ideal. Must istrations to the unfortunate; with armament but rather the locathe budget be concreted in order boxes, "barrels," special offer- tion of the Sei Gakuin boys' school in to awaken adequate response? ings, etc., in the a~mosphere of Tokyo. Africa will no longer appear One major denomination with Christmas; the clImaxmg of a as a huge continent filled with super- period of mission study in a stition, ignorance and disease, .but as which the writer is familiar class, department or an en~ire a great opportunity for spr~ad.mg the came out determinedly for the Sunday schOOl by preparmg Gospel of Christ and the prmcIples of generalized appeal and closed its packages of usable articles for Christian living through hundreds of African missionaries or Negro vdlage schools, meagerly equipped but budget channel to s p e c i f i c s. groups on the home field ~his attended by pupils intent on learning Whether this was a premature year; taking up. the collectIOns the teachings which will unlock for forward movement toward an in miniature AfrIcan call drums, them the storehouse of knowledge to ideal goal or a disregard of southern gourds or similar re- which the white man has access. And ceptacles, by a child in native so around the world ,the Project brings fundamentals in human psy- costume' making a model of a out in bold relief youth of all races chology is left an open quest,on; mission 'station, moulding pot- and countries beckoning to us for friendship and understanding, for a but the outcome was disastrous tery in clay, etc., etc. The vil- helping hand. . . . This is an effecand the national policy had to be lage schools of Africa .have fur- tive effort at building a new world materially modified. Is it not nished popular proJ ects for through the educational enterprises of young people in the past year's our brotherhood which have been set true that human responses are study, also looking up Afri~an or aside to be supported by young people. and always will be varied due to American Negro students m vaearly conditioning and that elu- riouscommunities and culti- More than 4,000 young people worksive thing we call temperament? vating their friendship. "Ex- Undoubtedly some people inte- changing experiences in your ing together can. do something…By grate and synthesize their early group or with other groups as to joining forces WIth other ChrIstIan missionary information and your adventures in o~her ra<;e youth an individual aJility can be friendship," is a practIcal proJ- magnified many times. Here's how to align their future activity with ect suggested in the Disciples of an abstract ideal. But this can- Christ literature for the current do it: . not be counted upon. Many year. By far the most ambiti?us others of equal worth must al- venture on a large scale of WhI<;h Select your project (a list of seven ways think and respond in terms the writer has recently heard IS is given, this list to be changed every two years so that groups may have of the concrete. Hence the de- The Young People's World opportunity for diversified end~avor). sirability of a specific project Friendship Project Discuss the proposed work WIth the carefully selected and persist- young people, the pasto: an~ the ad~lt launched l~st year by the United adviser. Secure matenals mcluded m ently renewed froIl.l t!me to tim.e. Christian Missionary Societ~ of a free packet to be had from .The Ministers often fall Just here m the Disciples church. BrIefs United Christian Missionary SOCIety, their pulpit presentations, think- 222 Downey Ave., Indianapolis, Ind. ing "a few missionary illustra- [254 ] Set your financial goal at $1.00 per share getting as many subscribers tions" in their routine sermons for shares as possible in the young are enough for them to qualify people's group. Make up your annual as missionary-minded pastors. goal bv September of each year oli The congregation needs some- the basis of the number of shares the thing tangible to lay hold of and group can support, sending :word re- garding the goal to the natlOnal or- ganization. Throughout the year at every meeting of the group mention the Project. Give information as to what is being done. Give special as- signments to groups for reports.

EFFECTIVE WAYS OF WORKING

Keep the interest alive by constantly 25 % of the membership are giv- electric lights under colored stressing the Project. The entire plan is an attempted answer to the ing anything for missionary be- paper, if in the house) indioft-repeated question of young people, "May we not have some piece of nevolences, thus almost crippling cating how the big logs under missionary work to consider our very own"? this next 1},nger at the bottom," the pot represent the mission- Other religious groups with etc., etc., until the total mutilated aries and Christians in the U. S. specific projeots worked out in conformity with age interests "hand" is held up as the symbol and the little black sticks the naand the down-to-date conditions of our changing world are urged of the working efficiency of the tive evangelists, the total fire beto send their plans to this Department for the purpose of church. If the application is to ing the effect of close coopera- "sharing" our best endeavors in the common Cause. be made individual in some such tion. Neither is sufficient alone.

Note the Department Editor's address at group as a young people's so- African Lights and Shadows: the top of page 254 to avoid the delay of forwarding from the New York office. ciety, cut out enough hands for A vivid story illustrated while Visualizations all present, and in the course of being told by shadow pictures on Akin to projects and doing the talk, have each member a large sheet. Full directions close teamwork therewith are the appeals to the eye. Don't "mutilate" his own symbol in given in leaflet of that name. skip over this ne~t portion, Friend Worker – among – Adults, accordance with his personal Upriver on the Oregon: A for regardless of maturity, Eyegate has never had a close com- record, and take the resulting travelogue along the African petitor as a popular route to Man-soul; and if the device is symbol home for prayerful con- river of that name, a river being adapted to the age interests of the group and made an auxiliary sideration. It will often press simultaneously traced in sand on means instead of the main objective, it will be found an effective home the truth as mere words a table or on a map, with palm attention riveter and memory fixer. Remember the example of and injunctions cannot do. trees, little huts, toy animals, the great Teacher among fields, lakes, lilies, fowls of the air, etc. The following visualizations boats and mission stations dot- Maps, pictures, pos,ters and unique uses of the church bulle- outlined in the packets of the ting the scene at intervals. tin board need only be mentioned. A good chalk talker is Disciples' literature mentioned In an African Setting: Coninvaluable. The device of the Crippled Hand may be made in our previous issue are well struction of an African villageconscience searching. Trace and cut out a life-sized outline of the worth thinking about: homemade or a Bradley Village human hand with fingers well apart. Write on each of the five White Gobblers: A s the Cut-out, with the meeting arfingers an objective in general speaker tells of the successive il- ranged as a palaver, the African congregational or group work legitimate seizures of African drum call given, the native as: Regular attendance at serv- territory by European nations, a greeting shown, etc. ices, systematic and proportional giving (for "current expenses" white paper gobbler (for which Meet Your Own Missionaries: and "for benevolences" on sep- pattern is furnished) bearing Costumed impersonations of arate digits if desired), daily the name of the nation concerned missionaries who tell their own prayer, mission study, and the printed across it is fastened in stories as taken from biographilike. If the congregation or the the appropriate place on the cal sketches furnished by the lesser group is to be considered large map of Africa, so that the publishing society. (These may as the unit, give a little talk on finished map will show plainly be obtained at almost all the deeach digital objective in turn, as, the location and number of for- nominational headquarters, by "In our membership of 375, the eign "gobblings." It is best to . applying to the literature secreaverage attendance at a worship have one person attend to the tary or clerk in the educational service is only about 125, so this mounting and a series of speak- department. ) first finger is two-thirds crippled ers present the subject matter, As stated last month, packets (bending it down in that pro- as, "Gobbler Britain" (eight including these items and much portion, on the device); only gobblers required); "Gobbler more available material usable Portugal" (three); "Gobbler in any denominational group France" (six), etc. While the may be had for 50 cents each.

territory in which the United A great variety of interde- States is interested in ~ mission- nominational devices on the ary way (the Congo) is under same principle as the foregoing the control of other nations, it is have been described in this De- well to prick our pride in not partment in previous months possessing a gobbler of our own and may be found in files of the by mention of incidents in our Magazine such as most public past history where we have libraries have. It is the earnest played the part ourselves. desire of the Editor to list and God's Torchbearer's – a com- cite prices for usable material bination.of visualization and im- among all denominations, bear- personation, in that a series of ing on the new study topics, if speakers representing different sent as early as possible for African natives come forward June, July, September and Oc- at the summons of the leader. tober numbers. African and each carrying a little black stick Negro stereopticon and moving which the leader places under a pictures proved invaluable vis- pot hung above a camp fire (real ualizations in schools of missions if outdoors but simulated with as well as regular church wor-

ship services, in the past year. sential to its universal mission. And cluding some material for young There will be a list of such pic- only as they retain that vision are tures bearing upon "Rural Life" they likely to resist absorption into people and the little folks. In the setting of what is designated and "The Moslem World" for new political faiths built around race, as a renewed interest in tithing, class and nation. your selection at an early date. The rentals are nominal; and Weare encouraged by the in- "Helps for the Stewardship projectors may be found now- terdenominational response to Chairman" says: adays in almost all communities. plans set forth in this Depart- ment to believe that THE REVIEW First and most important of all, let us get this truth firmly fixed in our Fresh Missionary Ammunition is having no small part in culti- minds: Tithing is nota scheme for vating the atmosphere for the raising money. . . . God is after Each month the Department growth of this world Christian hearts. Tithes and offerings consti- Editor's mail bag brings fresh consciousness. To that end send tute the age-old plan of the heavenly encouragement to believe that in your best plans for mission- Father (1) to save men's souls from the "ways of working" featured ary education in all departments the deadly sin of covetousness; (2) to in THE REVIEW are proving of church activity, particularly teach His redeemed children to put most acceptable and are widely His Kingdom first; (3) to allow them appropriated. Innumerable pJeas among the children and young thus to have a part in the extending for more information regarding people who are our hope for a of His Kingdom, thereby glorifying plans thus passed along from new world order. God and obtaining "treasures in our contributors are received, heaven." also requests for activating lit- Children's Special Pac k e t: erature-and this regardless of A play, "The 'Prove Me' denominational imp r i n t s on The Editor has recently received Plan," is included with the dileaflets and programs. This is from the United Christian Mis- versified literature, some of as it should be in an era when sionary Society, Missions Build- which is especially adapted for strenuous efforts are being made ing, Indianapolis, Indiana, a use in devotional services in the to increase the consciousness of large package of missionary ma- women's society. Write the Litthe Church as a world Christian terial for use with junior groups erature Department of the Womcommunity, not a series of sep- en's Missionary Union as menarate sectarian plots in which bearing upon the current theme tioned above for list of leaflets Baptists, Presbyterians, Meth- of Africa, their period for such and prices separately or as a odists, etc., are cultivating their study being April-October of this whole. own particular doctrinal speci- year. It is admirably adapted mens. for use among children of that Bermuda, Coral Isle of the age interest. It includes intro- Atlantic: This is the title of a In a report on the state of the ductory explanatory material, a new silent, 16 mm. motion pic- Church at the biennial meeting map of course, good picture ture film, complete in three reels, of the Federal C 0 u n c i I of loaned free of charge by the Na- Churches of Christ in America, sheets, stories, suggestions for tional Motion Picture Service, last December 9-11, these words creative activity, fascinating 723 Seventh Ave., New York. were spoken: details for making an African Write direct to the company. village, plans for making a wall frieze, an African picture book, A Seventieth Anniversary Cel- native canoes from hollowed-out ebration: The Methodists are wood, moving pictures of Af- "going places" just now. Among By every means in our power the rican scenes, posters, a very other things, their Women's Forvision of the Church as a world Christian community mu~t be made elaborate African party, games eign Mission Society has in- African children delight in, augurated a campaign for three luminous if our devotion to it is strengthened. The practical need of imaginary tours through mis- years leading up to the celebra- this emphasis is acute. Such an em- sion stations, guessing games, tion of their seventieth anniverphasis will put the enterprise of foreign missions in its proper and per- camp fires, real African refresh- sary, with a different emphasis manent setting. And it is entirely ments, etc. While some of the for each year. This campaign possible that our people will give of material describes conditions at is bound to yield much that is of their substance. to a cooperative world definite stations maintained by universal interest and usefulness Christianity in· a measure even ex- the Christian Missionary So- among sis t e r denominations, ceeding their gifts to the pioneering ciety, even that is of a typical, particularly during its first year missionary efforts of the past. . . . What is needed today is the actual general character, and the large whose main emphasis is to be growth of fellowship. This seems to bulk of material might be used upon a "teaching mission." The us the central guiding principle of the Christian conscience in thes'O! times. equally well in any evangelical words "seven" and "seventy" group anywhere. The stories are to be played upon in the va- Wherever the barriers of economic, racial and nationalistic differences are particularly good. This gen- rious features-each district to impede the growth of fellowship. there erous-sized packet sells for 25 secure seven new organizations the Christian conscience demands that these barriers and not fellowship cents and is well worth its price. for their seven-point star; auxshould give way. . . . Only as our Tithing Material:' From the iliaries to be divided into groups members catch the vision of the Women's Missionary Union of of seven for prayer circles; sev- Church as a World Christian Com- the Southern Baptist Church, enty intercessors throughout the munity are we likely to find solutions to these problems (the relations of 1111 Comer Building, Birming- country, etc. Fuller details and Church and State) which will pre- ham, Ala., comes a flood of new suggestions are in hand and will serve for the Church the freedom es- leaflets to promote tithing, in- be featured next month. The Council of Women for Home Missions EDITH E. LOWRY, EXECUTIVE SECRETARY, 105 EAST TWENTY-SECOND STREET, NEW YORK ~,~,~~~~~~~~~~~~~~==I~~ INDIAN MOTHERS We thank thee, our heav- enly Father, for the mothers who freely offered themselves that we might live.

We think of their love and their loyalty, their gentleness and their strength, their kind- ness and care, their sacrifice and patience.

Help us, 0 God, to honor them by our thoughts, by our words, by our actions, by our appreciation and by our grati- tude. Help us so to learn and grow and live that we may be- come the fulfilling of our mothers' desires and prayers for us.

May we be kind to them as they have been kind to us; may we help them as they have helped us, remembering that He who died for us upon the Cross in that last hour was mindful of His mother.

"All mothers are rich when they love MOTHER AND A MODERN INDIAN MOTHER their children. DAUGHTER hard. "Your mother said, 'she There are no poor mothers, no ugly Yannabah slowed her pony to cannot go. Tonight there will ones, no old ones. a walk. The desert air was good be a "sing" for her.' " after five years at the govern- Their love is always the most beau- ment school. A few weeks were Yannabah knew w hat it tiful of the joys." hers, weeks of vacation from meant-the sing, the dance, the school, from routine, from strict men sitting in a circle around MAURICE MAETElRLINCK. discipline. She would be happy her to look her over, finally one in her old home. of them taking her to his "ho- A PRAYER gan" to live. There would be no Someone was coming up the more chance for school. For a We bless thee for the great main road. She knew it was an moment she hid her face. Then and precious ideal of mother- Indian by his bare head and the she lifted her head proudly. hood. swift stride of his moccasined feet. "Tell the trader's wife to look We praise thee for the present for me by the time the moon is joy and the lasting influence of "Hocko, shahte," the voice of up," she said. The boy sped all good mothers. her cousin greeted her. down the trail into the desert.

We think of the noble women "The trader's child is ill," he "Yannabah rode slowly along all over the world and in all said eagerly. He knew that at the trail to her own hogan, all times who have prayed God to school she had had hospital the joy gone from her heart. bless them with children, and training. The old mother sat on the then have prayed him to bless ground near the fire. Once their children. "I will go," she said, with a Yannabah lifted her head and feeling of exultation.

"No," said the boy, his voice [257 ] looked long into her mother's or whether such practices are CONFERENCE ON LIFE eyes, but soon both turned away departures from the earlier cus- AND WORK, OXFORD, troubled. Should she stay with toms and are a lowering of tribal the old woman who loved her standards, so bringing degen- ENGLAND Church, State and Society though she said so little about eracy.

it? If she went away per- "Are the old men and women Following a dozen years after haps it would mean that she who tell the young people that the original Conference on could never return to her moth- 'Blanket Marriages' are a cus- Christian Life and Work at er's hogan. But she could go tom of the tribe, willing to make Stockholm in 1925, there will back to the towns and schools the efforts their forefathers meet at Oxford, July 12 to 26, and have a chance at the hospital made to see that such marriages a second world conference of the training she had dreamed of. are not just temporary arrange- same general nature under the Perhaps some day she could ments? Are the older people auspices of the Universal Chrisserve her own people in a hos- making the old efforts to see tian Council. pital on the desert. that such marriages are made in good faith and kept pure or is it Among the 825 persons who Yannabah decided to leave but a matter of complete unconcern will go to Oxford the number of knew if she were to go it must to any and all of the older mem- women thus far appointed from be quickly.. She turned, gave a bers of the tribe whether or not America is thirteen. Among last look across the fire to the the young folk so marrying in- them are: Miss Eliza H. Kenbent old woman at her task, and tend to remain faithful, protect- drick of Wellesley College, Mrs. was gone. The old woman heard ing their mates from the evils of H. H. Pierce of New York City, her go but did not stop her. adultery, or desertion and neg- Mrs. Harper Sibley of Washing- Perhaps she had a moment of lect? ton, Mrs. Fred S. Bennett of the true understanding for her girl Council of Women for Home who had been learning better "The essence of valid mar- Missions, Miss Anna V. Rice of ways. riage is the free consent before the Y. W. C. A., and Mrs. Harrie witnesses of parties who are R. Chamberlin of Toledo, Ohio. Misunderstood and misunder- competent and free to marry to Other prominent women constanding – Yannabah so typical live permanently together as nected with American church of Indian youth of today, stands man and wife to the exclusion of life have been invited but have midway between the old customs all others on either side. This found it impossible to accept. of her parents and the new civ- much is required in all civilized ilization of the white man and communities today. Studies in preparation for the yet belongs to neither. Conference are engaging the at- "In Christian marriage a man tention of leading individuals in . Excerpts from a story by Dorothy Cate, and woman are joined together significant groups in many parts III the Woman's Press Magazine. in Christ. The marriage be- of the world. The following are comes as much a part of the particularly recommended: (1) THE STUDENT WELFARE spiritual life and development Christ's Way and the World's- COMMITTEE OFFERS as baptism, confirmation and In Church, State, and Society, ATHOUGHT* partaking of Holy Communion. by Henry Smith Leiper; pre- senting crucial issues and how The Student Welfare Com- "The young Indian, returning the churches are seeking to meet mittee of Flandreau Indian to the reservation, can make of them in our contemporary School, Flandreau, South Da- marriage a mockery. He may world; 144 pages; paper cover kota, has been thinking most give up all idea of establishing 65 cents, cloth 90 cents. (2) seriously about elementary so- a home and enjoying the com- Church and State on the Eurocial obligations of young Indian panionshp of a woman who re- pean Continent, by Adolf Keller. women and men. They offer spects him and whom he re- (3) Christian Faith in the Modthe following ideas, set down by spects. He may use for his own ern State, by Nils Ehrenstrom. Miss Bernice Cartwright, the selfish lusts the freedom custom The author is a brilliant Swedish interdenominational Director of has given him on some of the scholar. Probable price, $1.50. Religious Education, stationed reservations. But he will not be at the school under the Joint contributing to the growth of The United Youth Movement Indian Committee of the Home ideals nor to an advancement of has taken the responsibility for Missions Councils. the Indian people. On the other sending eight youth delegates to' hand he can look seriously at the the Oxford Conference. "One of the difficulties young problem, the obligation entered Indian people face when they re- turn from schools to the reser- into, with an idea of establishing A special radio program in vation, is to know whether or a home, caring for his family by England has brought the subject not certain practices at home are protecting them from neglect matter of the Conference to the really part of earlier customs and disease and taking part in attention of the listening public which kept a race clean and fine, the life of the community. And and a somewhat similar series he must choose a woman whose has been promised in the United * From the News Bulletin issued by the .ideals and standards are as high States by the National Broadstudents at Flandreau U. S. Indian School, Flandreau, South Dakota. as his own. casting Company.

Hopeful Ohanges to twenty pupils, was invited

address the students. He com- Incorporation of the Ohurch A writer in the C. M. S. Out- mented favorably upon their zeal look sends encouraging news to gain knowledge of Confucius, The Church of Christ in China from Fukien that is in contrast who has the respect of the whole is. negotiating with the National with familiar stories of ban- thinking world, but did not fail Government with a view to hav- ditry, famine, and warfare: to tell them how infinitely more ing the Assembly's constituent Communication is being im- satisfying Christ is than Consynods and churches registered proved through the opening of fucius. with the Government. Registra- motor roads and there is marked tion is the equivalent to "incor- progress in popular education, The Chinese teacher said: poration" in America. Until it opium suppression and good "You are forgetting that Conis registered, the church cannot government. Steps are being fucius is our chief philosopher become a property holding body. taken to turn erstwhile bandits and leader of thought in China, The Government has recently into law-abiding citizens, and and meets every condition of passed regulations governing the also to remove the cause of the our life most satisfactorily." registration of all kinds of or- trouble, i. e., the economic disaganizations ranging from wom- bilities of the farming popula- The missionary suggested that en's clubs and labor unions to tion. Thus, some of the greatest on the morrow they submit the chambers of commerce and hindrances to the Gospel are be- t€!achings of both to a test, and churches. Naturally, regula- ing removed. this was done at the city gates, tions sufficiently comprehensive where many lepers gathered to cover such a diversity of or- Hopeful open-mindedness is daily. Whichever presentation ganizations include provisions observed among educated peo- should bring the greatest satiswhich make it exceedingly diffi- ple, radical theories are becom- faction to the lepers, should win. cult for the church to accept. ing discredited and moral char- The missionary read passages However, the present national acter is coming to be desired expressing the sympathy and Government is ex c e e din g I y more than eloquence. There is companionship of Christ with friendly to the Christian move- an increasing measure of co- the unfortunate sufferers. ment and it is expected that such operation a m 0 n g Christian difficulties will be overcome. forces, and new power has come "Of course," said the Chinese into the lives of Christian work- teacher, "Confucius said nothing -Presbyterian Banner. ers. Teachers are learning the of the lepers and so I cannot secret of leading their pupils one match what Jesus says with any Famine in Szechwan by one to God in Christ. Med- saying of Confucius." The lepers ical workers are exhibiting new made the decision for Christ. In the New York Times of patience and winsomeness in March 21, Szechwan, China's their relations with the sick. -Outlook for Missiom. most populous province, is re- Pastors are learning to be true ported to be in the worst drouth shepherds to their flock, and are New Bible Society Branch in 25 years. Large portions of finding the way to bring back the province have had no rain wanderers to the fold. Ordinary Christians of Chefoo have refor a year. Streams have dried church members are feeling the cently organized a new branch up and even the mighty Yangtse urge to pass on the blessing they of the China Bible Society. At River has been reduced to a have received, rather than leave the opening meeting of this trickle. Over 200 deaths are re- the evangelistic work to paid Chefoo branch, it was explained ported daily from starvation in agents of the Church. Every- that the purpose of the China Chungking and its suburbs. Re- where, a new harmony, a deeper Bible Society is not to break lief workers have been prac- spirit of fellowship, is being en- away from the three foreign tically helpless to cope with the gendered. Bible Societies w 0 r kin g in situation. China, but to work in coopera- Oonfucius or Ohrist? tion with them. It was pointed There is enough rice and other out that Chinese Christians food in the province, and they A Christian traveler who vis- should realize their responsibilsay that there would be no ited a school in China, where ity in helping with the distribufamine if there were organiza- Confucianism was being taught tion of God's Word and the Gostion for distribution. Thus far pel message; and should emphathe government has done noth- [259 ] size more the reading of the ing about this problem. Bible. A fine spirit of unity and

enthusiasm was apparent among JAPAN-CHOSEN of the world, and at the end of Christian leaders. that time cannot give any idea Coordination of Christian of what it is all about." The future control and leader- Forces ship of this newly-formed body -Monday Morning. will be under an executive com- The disbanding of the Federamittee of eleven m e m b e r s, tion of Christian Missions as a Twenty-Four-Hour a Day chosen to represent the different delegated mission body, and the Church churches and Christian organ- turning over of its administraizations in Chefoo. tive functions to the National S. Sodeyama, after a period of Christian Council brings the study in America, held a seven- -Chinese Recorder. missionary body definitely with- year pastorate in Nagasaki, in the Council's constituency where he became convinced that Practical Christianity . . . makes the council the all- preaching alone was an inade- inclusive clearing house for the quate expression of the Gospel, Mr. A. J. Dieffenbacher, tem- Christian movement rin the em- so he and his wife moved to porarily stationed at Kanhsien, pire … places (in the council) Tanaka, a section of Kyoto made Kiangsi, sings praises of a Bible the responsibility and task of up of Korean workers, "waterwoman who is never too busy to correlating the work of missions level" outcasts, garbage and rag teach the Gospel. "She has, of and missionaries so that they collectors, beggars and the poorcourse, to take time for cooking, will increasingly become an in- est of Japanese laborers living washing and sewing, but why tegral part of the indigenous under unbelievable conditions; should this hinder her in work- Christian movement and be one of seven such communities ing for the Lord at the same given a worth while sphere of of Kyoto, and in only two are time ? Wash day is an ideal time action within the frame work of Christian churches. Here Mr. to teach Mrs. C- how to sing, the Japanese Church. Sodeyama began holding servfor the rubbing up and down on ices in his small home, and when the washboard is an excellent Another piece of coordination no one came he preached in the method for keeping time. Here is the formation of a conference streets. Gradually his memberis the picture. of publishers of Christian books ship has grown to 60 members. and publications, for the sake of To support his various enter- "The Bible-woman is at the closer cooperation to provide the prises, he purchased a small cart well doing her washing. Mrs. nation with a greater variety and began collecting waste paper C- is sitting on a stone opposite and beHer type of Chri'stian lit- and rags. Interested persons her. Today the chorus is, 'Jesus, erature. -Christian Century. became regular contributors, so the Saviour, save me.' The that he now has ten supporting Bible-woman sings a line, and He Had No Idea patrons many of whom are nonthen Mrs. C- repeats it. This Christians. is kept up until Mrs. C- has Two boys, both graduates of a learned the chorus by heart. Christian school, were applying His proteges include the blind, for a position. One was a Chris- the lame, the old, the poor and "Sewing day is the day for tian, one was not, and the rail- the lonesome. If hungry, they further instruction in the Word. road official who was interview- are fed. The homeless are taken There is some ripping as well as ing them was not a Christian. in and the jobless given work to sewing to be done, so Mrs. C- Technically, the non~Christian do. Few Westerners would like takes one end of the garment young man was somewhat better the accommodations, but it is and does the ripping, :while the prepared than the Christian. better than the under side of a Bible-woman sews the other end. The official finally asked them bridge. Pastor Sodeyama's vis- All the time the Bible-woman is both to tell him what they had its are the few rays of light that telling this young Christian more learned through their experi- pierce the inner darkness, for he about the riches that are her's ence in a Christian school that brings hope in his sermons, in Christ Jesus." would not have been the case if recreation in magazines, enter- they had gone to another kind of tainment at special seasons, -China's Millions. school. The non…Christian could medical attention, assistance in think of very little, but the entering the larger hospitals, Lifted and Lightened Faces Christian gave a very definite and even pocket money. statement of the benefits of his At a meeting in Mienchu, an faith. He was chosen for the -Presbyterian Tribune.· official who was won to Christ position. "It is not because you last year gave a testimony that are either Christian or non- Devil Possession in Korea illustrates the fact that trans- Christian," said the official. "It formed lives are reflected in is because I cannot think very Miss Louise B. Hayes gives a faces. At the close he said that highly of the intelligence of a remarkable ins tan c e of the if any non-Christian were to young man who, for five years, ,transforming power of God's have a photograph taken of him- has been associated with follow- Spirit. self, and afterwards truly repent ers of one of the great religions and believe in· Christ, and six "In a little village up in the months later have an 0 the r hills lived a young man, uneduphotograph taken, he could not cated and ignorant, who had help but notice the difference.

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

fallen into all the vices known to mosa. During three weeks thou- he reads the Scripture lesson. Korean youth, a disgrace and sands of lukewarm Christians A prayer followed by five of the menace to the whole district. As renewed their allegiance to older girls, with responses by a result, he became a maniac, so Christ, long-prayed-for relatives the children. Then a hymn, fierce and wild that he had to be and friends were converted, and after which some fifty children, kept tied. A group of new Chris- multitudes asked for prayer. In from five to fifteen, rose in turn tians in a neighboring village North Formosa 151 preaching to give short bits of Bible hisheard of this madman, and de- bands were formed with three tory, which carried those who termined to pray for his recov- or more members each. When could understand it from the beery. The young man was he sailed back to China hundreds ginning of the Bible through its brought, bound, to the churc"h, went by train to see him embark, entire length. Some of these and the more earnest Christians and some, taking small boats, were dramatic in form, others met to pray. As they prayed, followed the steamer out to sea, musical, hymns were sung at the young man mocked them, an unprecedented demonstration various points, but the entire muttering, 'Blah, blah, blah,' but of affection. -So S. Times. program went along smoothly. they continued. S 0 met i m e s Now an older boy stepped again when the name of Jesus was Cebu Field, P. I. into the reading space, and read mentioneti he would curse and a short sermon in Samoan, then try to attack t"hem. They prayed On Cebu Island last year 242 in English, taking his text from on, in faith, and at last, he was were received into the churches Job 5: 17, 'Happy is the man cured. on profession of faith, and whom God correcteth: therefore eleven places have been opened despise not thou the chastening "Two months later I held a to the Gospel. This does not of the Almighty.' In this he reclass in this new church. The mean places where occasional ferred to the hurricane of last young man was at every session; visits are made, but places January, followed by severe food ~uiet and dignified, taking part where regular services have shortage, and by an epidemic of in the services, or quietly read- been established and a group of whooping-cough, w h i c h has ing his Bible. Apparently his baptized believers are carrying taken the lives of many. mind is sound and clear; he on by themselves. Four ten-day talks rationally, and thanks God Christian workers' institutes "As I watched the happy, infor his recovery. Wherever he have been conducted, with an telligent faces of the youngsters goes, he carries Bible and hymn average attendance of 69 stu- grouped in front of me, dressed book with him, and often he is dents. We believe that much of as would be American children singing a hymn. He is a living the advance has been a direct on such a day in spotlessly clean testimony that none can fail to result of the new spiritual life clothing, and showing evidence see, and because of him others received from these times of of careful attention to ears and are being brought to the Lord." study and fellowship. Two of necks, I couldn't help contrast- the girls who attended from ing this with conditions in these -Pyengyang News. Ronna returned with the mes- islands just one hundred years sage, "Today is the day of sal- ago." -Presbyterian Tribune. Secret of Growth vation." They went from house to house and from relative to School for Javanese Teachers .It is not easy to become, or re- relative, insisting upon the main, a church member in good claims of the Gospel message. Plans have taken shape to standing in Korea. Personal be- As a result of their efforts seven open a new training school in havior is carefully supervised by new members have been won Solo for teachers in Middle Java. church authorities. Discipline during the past few months. It The Government grants this is strict. Financial responsibili- is planned to follow up with school no subsidy at present. It ties are definite. Yet with all similar institutes in ea.:!h dis- is therefore quite free and may this, the growth is remarkable. trict. be set up where it is thought to The Mission and the Korean be most wanted. The idea is to Christians credit this to two -Philippine Presbyterian. establish it so that the training things: constant and systematic given there is entirely suited to Bible study, in classes, insti- Samoan Sunday the needs of the native populatutes, church services l>.nd pri- tion, and not after a Western vate reading; and, secondly, to Thomas L. Kirkpatrick, chap- model. Thirty-five applicants definite evangelistic effort on the lain of the U. S. naval base at are being sent from various dispart of individual Christians. Tutuila, Samoa, furnishes an tricts to the school, so that antidote to the usual type of proper classes can be formed. ISLANDS OF THE PACIFIC South Sea stories. It is an ac- The school will also train pupils count of a morning service in a from other missions. The open- New Life in Formosa village church. ing of this work is considered one of the most important proj- Dr. John Sung, who left a "There was a short 'sermon' ects of the Reformed Church for career in pure science to take up by one of the older boys, who 1937.-Holland News Bureau. evangelism in China, has been stepped into the railed enclosur~ preaching in the island of For- where the faifeau stands when

NORTH AMERICA It is hoped that in each city quite 200,000. New York's an- where a preaching mission has nual crime bill is $605,000,000 Seeking Church Federation been held, or will be held during while the total city budget is this year it will be followed by a $539,000,000. Unemployment re- At an interdenominational "School in Christian Living"; lief absorbs $25,687,776 per anconference, held at Salt Lake num. There are seventeen City in February, it was agreed and that this will be followed by square miles of slums, 245 miles to consult with the Home Mis- projects for building together of tenements fronting streets, sions Council and Federal Coun- the Christian community, local 250,000 windowless rooms, and cil of Churches on federating all and world-wide. The three em- 309,157 apartments wit ho u t denominations at work in the phases – on evangelism, on bath facilities. Other facts are intermountain area; and to equally distressing. create a permanent, interdenom- teaching and on action-are thus inational conference for this woven into a single pattern. American Buddhists area. This move grew out of conviction that the evangelical -Federal Council Bulletin. There are today 100 Buddhist enterprise requires extension temples in the United States. and strengthening; that no room Department Store Gives The largest, in San Francisco, exists for interfaith controversy, Bible Lectures was recently the scene of the but that there is every opportu- 40th annual Buddhist convention nity for positive, love-character- Lectures on the Bible offered in the United States. ized gospel proclamation. by a department store turned out The Japanese Buddhists claim There was full discussion of 50,000 Japanese and 2,000 white four main themes: (1) the na- to be its most popular feature. American members, of whom 50 ture of the area, status of the are priests. Plans are afoot for evangelical enterprise; (2) min- The Higbee Co., of Cleveland, the erection of the first Budistry to yuuth; (3) missionary dhist temple in New York and extension; ministry to scattered which has for years maintained another in Philadelphia. groups; (4) interdenominational cooperation and the future. a series of lectures in connection An Oriental's Memorial Participants included Board representatives of several denom- with its book store, four years The Japanese Church of Corinations, pastors, teachers, mis- tez, California, gave $55 per sionaries, community workers ago started lectures on the Bible capita last year as compared from Arizona, Idaho, Montana, with about a $16 per capita Utah and Wyoming. and related subjects given by average of Presbyterian church members as a whole. -Monday Morning. Miss Harriet Louise H. Patter- Dr. Philip Payne, Presby- Conserving the Preaching son. So popular did they become terian Executive Secretary of Mission Oriental Missions in San Fran- that they have been continued cisco, tells a story of the sacri- As a means of relating the Na- fice made by one Chinese pastor tional Preaching Mission to sub- ever since. -Advance. in California. Last fall the wife sequent work, a movement com- of the Rev. Yick Soo Lee was bining their several approaches The City's Ohallenge killed by a drunken automoqilist. to the local community has been The insurance company settled I a u n c h e d under the name, The Greater New York Fed- for cash without going to court. "United Christian Advance." eration of Churches, in prepara- When some one suggested to Mr. Building upon the new spiritual tion for "Community Sunday" Lee, who receives no pastor's interest stirred by the Preach- on January 31, assembled a stag- salary, that that money would ing Mission, the United Chris- gering array of facts and figures ease his financial stress, he antian Advance undertakes to relative to conditions of popula- swered, "But we shall not use carry forward an educational tion, housing, race relations, de- the money for ourselves. Mrs. program which will conserve the linquency and crime, public Lee would want the work of tellvalues of the Preaching Mission. health and the like. ing the story of Jesus to go on Cooperating in the movement just the same as if she were are the Federal Council of The area included in the sur- here. We will build a church Churches, the International vey is 299 square miles. On that with the money in the little vil- Council of Religious Education, ground there are living almost lage back in China where' she the Home Missions Council, the 7,000,000 people. Religiously was born, and all the people Council of Women for Home there are 2,556,595 Protestants, there will love her for telling Missions, the National Council 2,365,247 Rom a n Catholics, them of the Saviour." of Federated Church Women, 1,875,545 Jews, 115,544 Eastern the Missionary Education Move- Orthodox adherents. There are Mr. Lee sailed for China last ment and the Foreign Missions 2,387,868 persons under twenty fall to build the memorial Conference of North America. years of age. In thirty years church. the Negro population has in- creased from 67,304 to 343,221; New York is the greatest Jewish center in the world; fully 70 % of the popUlation are entirely out of touch with any church _and about the same proportion of children is unreached by any definite reI i g i 0 u s education. There are 1,074 churches of fif- teen denominations that report a membership of 454,045 and a Sunday school enrolment of not

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

New Frontier in Canada cautiously because of political tional leadership as well as illit- opposition in many Mexican eracy. There are venerable For over five years Saskatche- states. "Mammies" who r e c e i v e a wan has witnessed a shifting of monthly dole, and prominent population that has been of deep Mexico Fights Alcohol business men, teachers, lawyers, significance to the churches. doctors. There are English, Due to drought conditions in the The Mexican Government is Scotch, Canadian, Portuguese, south a steady northward trek interested in questions involved Chinese, East Indian (100,000 of settlers has taken place. in the strong drink traffic. Pub- in Port of Spain), Spanish, and These farmers have taken up lic meetings are being held to every shade of Negro. From the homesteads in the bushlands of find out the attitude of the gen- first, this church has expressed the north. More than 40,000 eml public. At one meeting re- itself in m iss ion a r y work people have moved into this cently a member of the Cabinet throughout the Island. "Land of Beginning Again." presided and every branch of the federal government was rep- -Watchman-Examner. The trek has f ace d the resented. There were present churches with the problem of sixty~three chairmen of state Progress in Venezuela extension in a new frontier area and district antialcohol commitat a time when funds for exten- tees who came from every part The annals of missions in sion work are seriously cur- of the Republic. Another anti- . Venezuela are "short and simtailed. For a while it seemed as alcohol convention will be held ple," yet they record a great if they could not cope with it. a year from now in Mexico City deal of consecrated activity in "God hasn't crossed the Beaver and representatives of all the behalf of this needy land. In- River yet" became a current say- powerful labor organizations of tensive evangelistic work has ing in the north. the country are expected to be been carried on in the city of present to state their point of Caracas and its environs, and The United Church of Canada view. -Watchman-Examiner. evangelists, traveling by mulehas met the challenge by send- train, have taken the Gospel ing a newly-ordained missionary Centenary at Sa~na message into the far interior of who has changed the saying to the Republic. Under the present "God has crossed the Beaver The story of the Samana government there is complete re- River." Working in coopera- Church in the Dominican Re- ligious liberty in Venezuela; tion with the Church of Eng- public is interesting. In 1835 a missionaries are making the land, he is claiming Saskatche- group of Pennsylvania Chris- most of this. The Presbyterian wan's newest frontier. '. tians bought the freedom of Girls' School in Caracas has en- some slaves and helped them to rolled daughters of the most in- -Christian Century. embark to a peninsula on the fluential families of the country, northeastern coast of the Domin- all of whom are thus brought LATIN AMERICA ican Republic. The place where under Christian instruction and they landed came to be known the influence of Christian teach- Cardenas Denies Hostility as Samana. A missionary of the ers in the building of character. Wesleyan Methodist Church to In his first pronouncement on the British West Indies learned Renewed effort is being made the Church-State question in of this English-speaking Negro to circulate Christian literature more than a year, President colony, visited it, and finally lo- throughout the country; and a Cardenas declared in March cated in the peninsula. During spirit of comity marks the relathat "Mexican Catholics have the century 11 churches have tions of workers of all groups. complete lib e r t y to go to been established, for the most church." Asserting that "the part supported by descendants EUROPE government was not hostile to of the original colony., Within the Church," he added that the past year the Wesleyan The Religious Issue Church and State relations were Board has transferred this work better than for a long time be- to the Board for Christian Work Throughout central Europe a cause the "priests have recog- in Santo Domingo. bitter struggle is raging between nized the uselessness of mixing Cat hoI i c and anti – Catholic in politics." Baptists in Trinidad forces. It has reached its peak in Germany, is the chief issue in President Cardenas has said Baptist activities were estab- Austria, and is one of the most that the Mexican Church prob- lished on the Island of Trinidad vital questions in Hungary. It lem must be relegated to the by the Missionary Society of is an element of the war in background, and that the only London nearly one hundred Spain. In some places the Cathsure method of doing this is to years ago.. This is the only Bap- olic Church is on the defensive; permit the opening of churches. tist church in the world receiv- in others it is attacking. In Ger- At the same time the President ing state support. The audiences many, for example, it is being is reported as opposed to relax- are largely colored, but contain pushed to the waIl. In Austria, ing any of the restrictions taken wealth as well as need, educa- it is on the offen~ive. In Hunto prevent the Church from exer- gary the fight is different, for it cising influence in Mexican polit- is between two churches, the ical life. He has had to move

Catholic and Protestant. In cording to the report, the income sou r c e s: In 1935, 14,000 Yugoslavia it is between two is actually smaller than it ap- churches were closed. Between churches: the Catholic on one pears, because as a result of the 1917 and 1935, 42,800 clergyside, Eastern Orthodox on the economic conditions, the income men die d in concentration other. of 1935 did not reach as far as camps. Of the 35,000 priests the same income did in 1930. before the revolution only one- The geographical line divid- The figures indicate the faithful- fifth remain. On February 9, ing the two churches runs across ness of the missionaries and na- 1936, the tenth anniversary of Europe from south to north, and tive workers who have carried the League of Militant Godless passes through Yugoslavia, di- on faithfully in spite of great was celebrated. The president viding the land into two almost personal sacrifices. reported that half of the populaequal parts. Religiously, half of tion of Russia is now atheist, but the country looks west and be- "In the Faith of Hitler" bemoaned the fact that 50 per longs to Europe; the other half cent of the Russian youth still looks east, and belongs to the Last March it became a cus- clung to the Christian faith, and Orient. This line corresponds tom in Germany in newspaper most of them persist in religious very nearly to a racial and death notices to say that the de- practices. The draft of the new political division, making the ceased "died in the faith of Constitution gives freedom both struggle a three-sided one. Adolph Hitler." Dr. Alfred to religious and antireligious Rosenberg, editor of Volkischer propaganda. In 1925, 42 Roman -The Christian Century. Beobachter, personal news or- Catholic churches were open and gan of Adolf Hitler, is also 40 priests were at liberty. To- German Missions quoted as having addressed him- day there are none. In the whole self to Germans who believe that vast territory of Russia there The Yearbook of the United Adolf Hitler is the Son of God, were then 300 priests; today German Mission Conference for but are scoffed at by some of there are 15. Under the system 1937 releases the latest figures their friends, in these words: of collectivization 90 per cent of concerning the German Evan- "We need a Son of God. . . . To- the farms have been taken from gelical Mission work as of the day there stands among us one the owners. In 1914 the Luend of 1935. The total number who has been specially blessed theran Church had 230 pastors, of European missionaries of the by the Creator. No one has the 200 congregations and 800 societies represented in the right to find fault with those of churches. They have now been United Conference is 1,561, with our people who have found their reduced to three churches. 12,093 native workers. There Son of God and have thus reare 1,307,788 native Christians gained their Eternal Father." AFRICA and 67,000 candidates for baptism in the care of all these so- -Alliance Weekly. Evangelists for Egypt cieties. They conduct 4,424 elementary schools and 138 high crews Seek to Conform Twenty young men, of whom schools in which there is a total 15 were Copts, have been attendof 255,819 pupils. These so- It is reported that two hun- ing fortnightly classes in Cairo cieties operate thirty-five hospi- dred prominent Rumanian Jews for voluntary evangelists. Sevtals in which thirty-six Euro- have offered to become converted eral of these young men assist pean and six native doctors are to the Greek Orthodox faith to in conducting the evangelistic employed. The combined re- "identify themselves completely meetings which are held each ceipts from Germany in the year with the Rumanian nation." week either in private houses or 1935 amounted to 5,260,707 Rumanian church officials intend in small mission rooms in some marks. If these figures are com- to start an intensive campaign twenty centers in the suburbs of pared with the figures of 1930, for mass conversion of Jews, and Cairo or near-by villages. it is shown that there has been are ready to appoint special misan increase in the number of sionaries for this purpose. They These training classes aim were also quoted as having of- especially at preparation for missionaries of 14 %; in the fered to build an imposing Greek winning Moslems. It is pointed Orthodox church for converted out that a successful evangelist, number of native-born workers, Jews, and as having asked that whether foreign or Egyptian, of 26.30/0; and in the number of the Patriarch appoint a baptized requires to have an intimate Jew as priest. knowledge of the Christian and native Christians, 26 %. Over Moslem Arabic religious vocabu- It is a question whether these lary, a sympathetic understandagainst this increase there is a Jews are converted, or merely ing of the mental and spiritual finding it expedient to conform. outlook of the special group decrease of 29 % in the income which he is seeking to reach, a Situation in Russia close acquaintance with the from Germany. These compara- movements of thought and cultive figures speak an earnest The United Presbyterian gives ture which are gradually changlanguage; for the actual situa- the following summary of the ing the viewpoint and social tion is still more unfavorable religious situation in Russia, than the figures ·reveal. The which is based on authentic growth could have been even greater; for it was not possible to make the fullest use of all the possibilities because man-power and means were lacking. Ac-

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

values of the Egyptian people, month they meet the medical as- many women around? Accurate and skill and wisdom in present- sistants to report these visits and statistics are not available, but ing those central truths of the to ask God's blessing on those it is certain that the increased use of the plow and the decrease Christian faith which are a per- who have accepted Christ. -Presbyterian Banner. of polygamy have proceeded petual stumbling block to the Moslem-the Trinity, the Incar- simultaneously.

nation, the Atonement, the suf- The Luba-Lulua Bible Christians in Kavirondo fering of God and the method of Dr. George T. McKee, mis- The work of evangelization divine revelation. sionary of the Southern Presby- only began in Kavirondo at the terian Church in the Congo -C. M. S. Outlook.

Colonization Scheme BeIge, writes that in all the opening of this century. These large centers it is now extraor- people are a likeable race of East Portugal has undertaken a dinary to find a young man Africa. They are great travelconstructive piece of work in es- unable to read. It is also en- ers, and go all over Kenya as tablishing a great number of couraging to find that those house boys, or other laborers; Portuguese families – mostly best informed are eager to be ac- and so enthusiastically did the peasants – along the railroad curate about Biblical facts. The first converts spread their faith that runs across Angola from missionary has to be extremely that the Church soon gained a Lobito to the Belgian Congo. careful now in his preaching stronghold. Their spiritual life The newcomers will find their and teaching lest some native is marked, evidenced by prayer farms with a ready crop of catch him in a mistake. Most meetings held on their own maize, wheat, fruit, vegetables, of the younger Christians can initiative, and their firm stand etc., all ready for harvesting, a recite long portions of Scripture. against old heathen customs. comfortable little house, well Not only has the Bible been But there is another side. As furnished and very hygienic, and the source of inspiration for the Rev. G. F. Kidd, of Maseno, exa number of natives under con- natives; the Luba-Lulua trans- presses· it: tract to help the new colonies in lation, since its appearance ten We have most of the outward paratheir work. The first group of years ago, has had an unex- phernalia of success. We hav~ s~v­ families has already reached pected influence on European eral African clergy, many ChrIstIan gathering places throughout the coun- Angola. traders, not versed in French or try and the Christian out-school is a -London Missionary Herald. English, but with a knowledge quite normal feature of the country- of the native language, who have side. But we have now also come to the second generation of Christians. Busy Nurses at Elat found their first real introduc- Christianity has become more conven- tion to the way of life in the tional; it is the "accepted thing," At Central Hospital in Elat pages of the Luba-Lulua Bible, and in the main I am sure it is true are sixteen women nurses. Some to say that there is not now the same are young graduates of mission the first complete Bible in any keenness amonl!' the individuals of schools and some are widows native language in central Bel- this African Church that there was who have bought their freedom gian Congo. It has a circulation fifteen years ago. from their husband's family. from Leopoldville to Elisabeth- ville. Young men often sit on -Church Missionary Outlook. These women work from morning to night, and often far their doorsteps and read with- WESTERN ASIA into the night, caring for the out danger of ridicule. from passick, making up supplies, steri- sers-by; some may read, as they Modern Turkey Makes Plans lizing instruments, getting the operating room ready, dressing so like to do, with a loud voice, The present regime in Turkey the wounds, bathing new-born heard by many in the village seems' determined, by an enbabies, caring for the orphans, lightened policy, to win for that who are at work. country a prestige surpassing -Bible Society Record.

scrubbing and cleaning. After Plows vs. Polygamy that of the former Ottoman Emwork hours they go to their pire. A vast scheme is on foot kitchens and cook their food. A writer in Woman's Mission- to give about 2,500,000 peasants Early in the morning and on ary Friend proves that plows a proprietary interest in the their half days off they work in have dealt a blow to the practice land. While preserving intact their gardens or gather food and of polygamy. It has been said the principles of private owner- firewood. Besides being nurses that the short-handled hoe is the ship, agricultural units, each most of them are Sunday school badge of African womanhood, comprising several villages; will teachers, and all of them belong and when all. cultivation of be formed into a "Kombine."

to one of two groups of personal crops was done by the hoe- One thousand of these are pro- workers. Two afternoons a woman's work-it naturally fol- jected. Seventy-eight per cent week they take their Bibles, lowed that the more wives a man of the population will benefit in gat1:Ier together for prayer, and had, the more land he was able one way or another by the pro- then go to the wards and neigh- to cultivate. But a plow can do ductivity which it is designed to boring villages to a c qua i n t more work in less time than secure.. Jumhuriyet, in its issue others with their Saviour. Each many wives, so why have so of February 4, discussing this

national program; says that the such a pretext as ill-health. I try to help him. The lad came; forests which cover only twelve heard your message first in the a cure was effected, and when he per cent of the land area will be wards, and I come to the dispen- had been there four years he doubled, and works for the con- sary to hear more." said one day, "I want to be a folservation of water will be under- lower of Jesus Christ." The taken. A young man was treated free doctor asked him how he had of charge in the hospital as he reached this decision, and he re- -World Dominion Press. was poor and without work. plied that Mahomet had never While in the wards he was im- done anything for him, neither Syria's Spiritual Hunger pressed by the spirit of service had the Mohammedans. But, he which he saw in the workers said, it was the life which he had Medical work is of special and was influenced by what he seen lived in that mission comvalue in Moslem lands because heard. After leaving he ob- pound that had led him to wish it shows Christianity in action. tained work, and from time to to be a Christian. Missionaries in Syria living in time since then he has given Moslem neighborhoods are now small donations to the hospital -The Christian. reporting a real desire to under- out of his earnings, declaring stand Christianity for its own each time he does so that it is a INDIA-SIAM sake. Sometimes this is due way of repaying the debt he merely to an awakening interest owes to the hospital. Changes in Twenty Years in the world at large; but the missionary in one strongly Mos- -E. M. M. S. Quarterly. A contributor to Agricultural lem city reports that he always Mission Notes asked 35 students finds it easy to lead from this A Pioneer in Iran in Pasumalai Normal School purely intellectual interest to the what noteworthy changes have spiritual. A religion free of the Dr. P. A. Satralker is a young taken place in South India in the detailed, rigid .observances of Indian medical man who is past twenty years. These stu- Islam; a religion simple enough working as a missionary in Iran dents are thoughtful men of colthat a simple man can under- under the Bible Churchman's lege age. The first eight changes stand its meaning, yet profound Missionary Society, stationed at listed are given in the order of enough that the greatest scholars Zahidan, South East Iran. Be- the strength of the vote. cannot find its ultimate reach; tween there and Quetta, 500 one based on a few great prin- miles eastward, there is no Caste distinctions are disappearing. ciples and not depending on a Christian witness. The nearest Untouchability is being rapidly disthousand petty observances-all mission to the north is Meshed, this appeals to the young Mos- 615 miles distant. The hospital carded. lem of today. Most of all, he is at Zahidan represents the only Child marriages are decreasing. beginning to ask about a religion organized Christian effort in this Education for women is increasing. that is worked out in actual life wide area. Coeducation is becoming more comand not in formalities. Dr. Satralker's father was a mon. Damascus Hospital minister of the Indian Presby- There is wider public interest in edu- terian Church, and believed that In Damascus, a Mohammedan the same Holy Spirit who had cation. stronghold, it is very difficult for led the Churches of the West to The demand for Home Rule is more a non-Christian to make public send the Gospel to India would confession of Christ as Saviour empower Indians to pass it on widespread and insistent. without great danger to life and to other lands. Of his four sons Rural reconstruction is multiplying. property. But many incidents the eldest is now in charge of an Epidemics are being mastered. encourage the staff at the Edin- American Presbyterian station; Women are entering public life. burgh Medical Mission Hospital. the second is now serving at Miraj, in Sir William Wanless' Interreligious Student A woman, who had been an Sanatorium; the third is the Conference in-patient, but had been dis- subject of this sketch, and the charged, continued to attend the fourth, also medical, is a mis- A Y. M. C. A. worker reports out-patient department Ion g sionary to Arabia. a student conference at Varkala, after she had left the hospital. Travancore, at which Christian, It was puzzling to know why she At Zahidan, aggressive evan- Moslem and Hindu students met should persist in coming, but gelism is impossible, as preach- on a purely religious basis. she finally made a confession to ing is forbidden except on There was honest skepticism on the hospital evangelist, Mr. mission premises, and lantern all sides. Questions arose out of Saliba, "I do not come here for lectures are included in the ban. real desire to know the truthmedical treatment. I come to questions that tested the best rehear the Gospel message. In my Dr. Satralker, when on a jour- ligious experience represented own house I am almost a pris- ney, halted at a coffee-shop be- there. For example: "How can oner and could never come out side the road. Sitting outside one know the will of God?" here to the hospital except on was a beggar boy with a terrible "What special value do the foot. The doctor told him that Scriptures have over the sciim- if he would come a little later to tific research of today?" "Why the Zahidan hospital he would need we go back to the experi- ences of those of the past when we of this age know more than they did?" Or, "I had lost my confidence in Hinduism, and

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

thought that Christianity was was stopped, and filth and smell Siam has religious freedom. The restrictions on Christian activities are ideal. Then I learned of their became unbearable. Dr. Clifford divisions, their failings, and I G. Manshardt, head of Nagpada very few. How long will this last? Siam is growing in geographical began to see all religions as Neighborhood House, gathered and political unity. There are no struggling after the ideal." It young Jews, Hindus, Moslems longer isolated fields in Siam itself. Older missionaries soon to retire was interesting to hear a Hindu and Christians in his School for have prestige and influence that leader help a Christian leader Social Work, and went into the should be used strategically and make his point clear. streets with brooms and dump urgently.

carts to clean up the place. It New leadership is arising in the personalities of younger missionaries, On the Depressed Class was a dramatic lesson in com- eager to unite on forward-looking munity spirit as menial work projects. Movement done by young men of all castes Equipment at certain places must Dr. P. B. Hivale, of Bombay, and creeds was an astounding either build up or close up. in an address before the All- thing. The next day the mu- India Conference of I n d ian MISCELLANEOUS Christians, told what he thought nicipality began work again with the Christian attitude should be Gifts and Giving toward the problem of the de- street cleaners in that section; pressed classes. and next day the press of India The Un i ted Stewardship made front-page news of the Council has recently issued its "I cannot but believe," he event.

said, "that in the principles Forman Christian College compilation of data in regard to which were given to us by Jesus gifts to 24 leading Protestant de- Christ you find the motive power Forman Christian College, nominations in the United States which makes human freedom Lahore, has been a pioneer in and Canada. possible. Therefore, Christians many lines. It was the first to Total gifts to the 24 commumust place before the depressed form a Graduates' Association nions were $315,438,747 in 1936 classes what they have, not in a in 1896, the first to open a Bi- as compared with $304,692,499 spirit of competition, but merely ology Department in 1898, the for 1935. This means a per as a witness to the liberating first to adopt coeducation in capita increase from $12.10 to power of Jesus Christ. Such a 1902, first to conduct medical ex- $12.46. Gifts for congregawitness must not be, however, amination of students admitted tional expenses increased from accompanied by any promise of to the College (1914). Her stu- $251,347,435 to $258,167,763, a economic help or political status. dents were the first to receive per capita increase from $9.98 Any attempts to enter into a the degree of B.Sc. from the to $10.20. The per capita inbargain with the depressed University of the Panjab. Dur- crease in gifts for denominaclasses for political purposes, or ing the past four years the Col- tional benevolences is a little less with the hope of increasing num- lege, now under the principal- proportionately than in those for bers is against the very spirit of ship of Dr. S. K. Datta, has congregational expenses – from our religion and we must set our made some vital changes; a new $2.02 in 1935 to $2.12 in 1936. face against it. At the same office was created in 1934 to fol- In 1936, as in 1935, the Church time we cannot but hope that the low up the progress in his of the Nazarene gave the largest depressed classes may find in the studies which each intermediate total amount per capita, $25.55. principles of Christ the abun- student makes. An annual camp In 1936, as in 1935, the United dant life for which they are is held for first-year students Presbyterian Church gave the searching. The decision must be where for two weeks they work largest amount per capita for their own. Whatever the deci- and play together. The effect of denominational benevolences, but sion, it should be our duty to help this novel experiment appears have decreased their gifts from remarkable, especially when one $7.18 per capita to $6.53. them. in their struggle. "However, we must confess looks at it in the light of the Three denominations in the that even in Christian churches communal shackles that fetter United States gave less per capthere has been class discrimina- India in general and the Panjab ita than in 1935; all the others increased their gifts at least a tion.· A challenge comes to the in particular. -Indian Witness. little. Christian Church to reexamine Of the three Canadian com- itself and to purge itself of all munions the gifts of the Cana- dian Baptists and the Presbysuch distinctions and all such New Life for Siam evils that come from our human failure to live up to the ideals Dr. Charles T. Leber, the new terians decreased both for dewhich we hold and which are a secretary of the Presbyterian nominational benevolences and sacred trust from our Master." Board and now on a tour of mis- for congregational expenses; sion fields in Asia, urges a new while the United Church in- united program for Siam. Here creased its per capita gifts Headliner are some of his observations: for denominational benevolences During a three days' com- The National Church is still young slightly, but decreased its gifts munal riot in Bombay the reg- enough to be enthusiastic, willing and for congregational expenses. ular city street cleaning service pliable. -Federal Council Bulletin.

Missionary

Books Briefly Reviewed for the Readers' Information ~,,============================== Rats, Plague and Religion. John most the number of the popula- Ambedkar movement as an in- Spencer Carman. 250 pp. $1.25. tion of the whole of the United troduction to the whole question Judson Press. Philadelphia. 1936. States are without any skilled medical help in India? Those of our Western churches' contri- This is as interesting a book who have in hand the prepara- bution in the past and our re- tion of textbooks for the study as its title would lead readers to of India in 1938-39 should have sponsibilities for the future. this book in mind, and some pub- Thus while bringing out Dr. expect, and is the best collection lisher would do well to issue a Pickett's survey conclusions in cheap edition to ensure its win- simple fact and figure, he has we know of stories concerning ning its way into the homes and led us to the brink of the future, hearts of the American people. medical mission work in India. with the vast need of India's J. F. EDWARDS. teeming Untouchables upper- Dr. John Spencer Carman of the Missionary Stories to Tell. Compiled most in our sympathies. Victoria Memorial Mission Hos- by the Children's Committee of the The author not only interprets Missionary Education Movement. pital at Hanumakonda in the 178 pp. Cloth, $1.00; paper, 50 the nature of the so-called "mass Hyderabad State (Nizam'& Do- cents. 1936. movement," but describes the minions) has had the help of his actual process of Christianizing capable wife who contributed Every teacher knows the edu- these depressed classes. Vivid several of the stories. They il- cational value of a well-told glimpses from current reports, lustrate how much can be done story. Through this collection latest figures of numerical progby a faithful missionary couple of 38 stories, boys and girls will in their first six years on the not only learn the facts about ress, eye-witness descriptions of field. Would any ordinary busi- modern missions, but will gain village life, all bring to the ness concern, in any part of the an understanding of world fel- reader a sense of the vital world, show equal results in so lowship and racial brotherhood. drama-spiritual, social and ecobrief a period? The stories are The stories are especially adapt- nomic-now proceeding in Innot only fascinatingly told but ed for telling, and are of tested they reproduce the Indian at- value to leaders of children in dia. mosphere with surprising cor- introducing boys and girls of the The author's review of the inrectness. Happy must have been Americas, China, Japan, Korea, the American audiences that India and Africa. creasing contributions of govheard them. No wonder the ernmental and non-Christian doctor and his wife have been The Untouchables' Quest. Godfrey agencies is appreciative; he urged to give their addresses Phillips. 96 pp. 40 cents. Edinthis permanent form which de- burgh House Press. London. 1936. commends them to Christian apserves wide circulation. Books proval and assistance, though he by India's medical missionaries This unpretentious book, tak- shows how justified is the Chrisare too rare, a simple and suffi- ing less time to read than the tian conviction that the changed cient explanation being that Book of the Acts, is a chronicle every medical missionary in' In- of modern "Acts" of the Holy inner life based on vital relation dia is already greatly over- Spirit. Inspiration and chal- to Christ is fundamental to any burdened with work on the field lenge are presented by facts lasting improvement in individand their furloughs are taken clearly expressed and forcefully ual and corporate life of the Unup by home churches that wish emphasized. Mr. Phillips, an to hear their moving stories. If English exmissionary (now a touchables. every missionary on furlough Board Secretary), has sought to could have as useful a "father- bring forth into the common Among portions most useful to the in-law" to help prepare his man- knowledge of the British and reader, and to one who desires to use uscript for the printer then American churches the great the book for preparing addresses or many more entrancing mission- study by Dr. (now Bishop) J. for classes are those dealing with ary books might be published. Waskom Pic k e t ,t, "Christian (a) the three years of experience The ignorance of home churches Mass Movements in India." Mr. since Mr. Gandhi's dramatic fast for about mission lands must be dis- Phillips has used the important the untouchables; (b) the startling pelled by some method or other. superiority in literacy of the Chris- How many people in the Amer- tians over Hindus and Moslems; ican churches realize that al- (c) difficulties and achievements in self-support, and (d) multiplying evi- dence that from the witnessing lives of transformed outcastes higher castes are being won to Christ in large numJers, and the emphatic chapter entitled "Everything Depends on Teaching."

Any of the books noted in these columns will be sent by the REVIEW publishers on receipt of price.

[ 268] The author closes with the ners-one as an American Con- Almost nothing is said about the note of urgency and warning, gregationalist and an interna- many people of wide usefulness recognizing the long road ahead tional evangelist who went whom Mr. M90dy led to Christ. for Christian forces. In blunt everywhere preaching; and the There is no index. language he says "this thing other as a metropolitan Baptist The fact that Mr. Day never which is too big for us already preacher who drew people trom saw D. L. Moody and was not is going to become far bigger." everywhere to hear him in his intimately acquainted with his B. C. HARRINGTON. London tabernacle. Both estab- work explains many of the lished educational institutions- omissions and inadequate lights Missionary Romance in Morocco. Spurgeon a Pastors' College and and sidelights on the great evan- By James Haldane. Illus. 8vo. 189 pp. 28. 6d. Pickering & Inglis. orphanage, and Moody a Bible gelist. As a balanced biography London. ·1937. Institute and two schools for it is lacking but as Mr. Day's struggling young men and young estimate of the man and his Morocco is one of the less message it is interesting and familiar countries of the world. women. Both were Bible stu- shows a man whom God used. It is out of the line of tourist travel and is inhabited by Moors dents and published books and A History of Jewish Christianity. and Berbers who are not over- tracts which have sent the Gos- From the First to the Twentieth friendly to Europeans. While pel in print all over the world. Century. By Hugh T. Schonfield. there are representatives of sev- Both were men of prayer and London. Duckworth, 1936. eral Protestant missionary so- depended on the Holy Spirit for cieties in Morocco, the field is power. Both were endowed with This important book has asnot an encouraging one because sembled valuable facts related to of the fanatical character of the a sense of humor and "common a phase of ecclesiastical history Moslems. Mr. Haldane intro- sense." Both died in their prime that has been almost entirely duces us to the people and prob- -Spurgeon at fifty-six, and overlooked, for church historians lems in a very entertaining and Moody at sixty-two, and both have attached little importance illuminating series of chapters left an enduring work behind to the place of Jewish Christhat relate his observations and them and children to carryon. tianity in the course of the experiences during the past 25 Christian centuries. This book years. He is a missionary and The material for Mr. Day's seeks to furnish a continuous ac- Field Superintendent of the story of "The Great American count ·of Jewish Christianity and Southern Morocco Mission, with Commoner" are largely gathered its influence from Apostolic headquarters in Mazagan. There from Mr. Moody's youngest times to our own. In spite of are few, if any, recent books that sister, Mrs. Elizabeth Moody many a hiatus in the records we give as vivid a picture of the have the results of extended products of Islam in North Washburne of Racine, Wiscon- research and a valuable contri- Africa. sin. For the most part it is not bution to the study of the sub- new but gives some fresh and ject. interesting glimpses of D. L.

Moody, his family and asso- ciates. The author's philosophy and personality are even more prominent here than those of his The aim of this history is ex- Bush Aglow. Life Story of D. L. subject but the book pictures a . pressed in a quotation taken Moody. By Richard E. Day. Illus. great soul, a love – motivated from Basil Mathews' "The Jew 331 pp. $2.00 net. Judson Press. soul-winner, and one filled with and the World Ferment." He Philadelphia. 1936.

D. L. Moody, who was born in the Holy Spirit and who built says: "We do not believe it to poverty just one hundred years both for time and eternity. be in the purpose of God that the ago, was a remarkable man. His One peculiarity of this biog- Jewish Christian should be delife seems to offer almost inex- raphy is its omissions. Little is prived of the opportunity of haustible material for biogra- said about the institutions that making his own distinctive phers. Three new volumes have D. L. Moody founded and that racial and cultural contribution recently come from the press he sometimes said represented within the Christian Church." thirty-seven years after his his most abiding work. The The principle, as thus stated, is Moody Bible Institute is given in full accord with the science of death. The new biography is by the six pages out of 333, Northfield modern missions. It is when we author of "The Shadow of the one page and Mount Hermon come to consider, however, what Brood Brim," a life of George two pages; almost nothing is was the "distinctive racial and H. Spurgeon, the great English said about the Northfield Con- cultural contribution," w h i c h preacher, who was born just a ferences and little about the Col- Mr. Schonfield thinks Jewish year before D. L. Moody. The portage Library; the names of Christians should make within two men had many points in many of those most vitally asso- the Church, that we find ourcommon – both were born of ciated with Mr. Moody are selves in disagreement. poor and obscure parents, had omitted; while others of little The author claims the right comparatively few educational importance are included; noth- for Jews who accept the Mesadvantages, were soundly con- ing is said of the work of his siahship of Jesus to remain withverted in youth and became sons and son-in-law in carrying in the Jewish community, to confamous preachers and soul-win- on the institutions he founded. tinue the observance of the

peculiar customs of their people, ment of Jewish Christians from women and children of wealth, and to cherish the heritage of their own people and the loss of holding them for ransom, bru- Israel. He believes that the their testimony within the House tally executing them when ran- Jews would thus "banish forever of Israel. We have here a fresh som was not forthcoming or the pain of the broken family study of the relationship of when captives failed to keep up circle," and be able effectively to Jewish Christians to the Chris- with the rapid marches. The "open the eyes of their brethren tian Church and suggestions as hope of a large ransom led the to the saving truth that Jesus is to how their testimony for Communists to save the lives of the Messiah." He also seems to Chdst can be made more effec- the two missionaries. Mr. Hayapprove of a return by Jewish tive in reaching their unrecon- man alone was released on the Christians to the view of Jesus ciled brethren. J. S. CONNING. payment of ten thousand Chi- held by certain followers of nese dollars by a Chinese friend, Christ in the first Christian cen- The Restraining Hand. By R. A. though the release of both had turies, known as Ebionites. Mr. Bosshardt. 288 pp. Price, $1.50. been promised for that sum. Schonfield says, "Their Chris- Hodder & Stoughton, London. 1936. Five months later, Mr. Boss- tology was a simple one. They This record of the "Captivity hardt was released without ranbelieved that Jesus was the nat- for Christ in China" of two som when it occurred to his capural son of Joseph and Mary, members of the China Inland tors that, as a Swiss, he did not elected to the high office of Mes- Mission, Messrs. Hayman and belong to an imperialist nation! siah by virtue of His Holy life Bosshardt, for periods of 413 For a picture of Chinese Comand Davidic descent; that He and 560 days respectively, is a munism in its horrible reality, had been so designated at His fit companion for the narratives baptism by the entering in of the of "Boxer Days," of fiery trials not as the theorists portray it, Holy Spirit and by the Voice that in the Church's various persecu- one should read this book. It is proclaimed, 'Thou art My Son, tions, and of the experiences of this day have I begotten Thee.' the Apostle Paul so briefly yet so a modern parallel to parts of the They also believed that after graphically recorded in the Acts eleventh chapter of The He- brews. COURTENAY H. FENN.

proclaiming the Kingdom of and the Epistles. The book Indians of Today. Edited by Marion God, He laid down His life for might have a wider reading and E. Gridley. 128 pp. $2.50. Pri- the salvation of Israel, was produce a deeper impression if vately published by the Indian buried, rose again from the it had been cut to half its length, Council Fire, 108 North Dearborn dead, ascended into Heaven, and yet the interest of the reviewer St., Chicago. 1936.

would shortly return again to set was maintained through a com- When it is no longer thought up His Kingdom and reign over plete reading of the simple story, necessary to introduce American despite the natural sameness of citizens of aboriginal descent the House of Jacob forever." Students of history will recog- its detail of daily hardship and with the sound of tomtoms and nize at once views over which peril. The heart-sickness of a display of war-bonnets when many a battle royal has been "hope deferred," the dreary they are accepted without fanfought in other generations. loneliness of separation from fare as our equals and contem- Yet Mr. Schonfield looks forward' loved ones and association with poraries, then we shall no longer hopefully to "the return of the murderous ruffians, the deprivagreat Gentile churches to the tion of books – even with no have need for an Indian Bureau, simple faith and Christology of Bible for most of the time-the for "Indian" organizations, or for exclusively Indian schools.

the early Jewish Christians," lack of proper food and clothing, Until that day-which some of and to the time when they will the inability to bathe with conse- us believe may not be far offenunciate "g,imple and universal quent infestation by. verrllin such a. compilation as "Indians principles of belief in which the picked uP from filthy lodgings of Today," sponsored by the In- Unity of God and the Messiah- and associates-all these things dian Council Fire of Chicago and ship of Jesus will be the funda- made it impossible for anything edited by its secretary, Marion mentals." Such a faith he con- but the most impUcit faith in E. Grid,ley is welcomed as an inceives would be "acceptable God to sing songs, give thanks dex of progress already made and preach Christ "in season and toward the goal. alike to Jew and Gentile."

But the author's facts, quite out of season." The late Charles Curtis, a apart from his interpretation of Their captors were the Com- former senator and vice-presi- them, command our attention munist Army as it was driven by dent of the United States, whose and interest. They bring us face the Government troops through minor strain of Indian blood has to face with the tragic failure of the provinces of Hunan, Kwei- been widely publicized, tells us the Church to commend Christ chow and Yiinnan toward the in his Foreword what those to the Jew, with the spiritual northwest borders of China. whose stories and portraits ap- homelessness of Jews who be- Bombing airplanes constantly pear "have achieved in the face come believers in Jesus, and the harassed the Communists, yet, of terrific handicaps." Together lack of fellowship which they so dodging and fleeing, they cap- with hundreds less well known, often encounter within the tured towns and villages, looting they are filling a worthy place Church, and with the estrange- and destroying, kidnapping men, in our modern civilization. The

OUR MISSIONARY BOOKSHELF

.editor does not pretend to cover strange land for the first time. not merely to sugar coat misthe ground fully. Some Indians The author shows that all Africa sionary and other religious in- who well deserved mention were is not jungle but that there are formation but is especially to inunknown to the editor, while great and modern cities, high spire and motivate practical others preferred not to be listed. mountains, railroads and their work in church groups. The The analysis of 101 short stations, automobiles, mines, author has endeavored to make biographies shows that about waterfalls, plantations, 0 pen the staging and costuming one-third of those included claim rolling grass land, yes, and dense simple so as to be within the to be "full bloods." . One-fourth bush. Of course a children's range of the average church. It are less than half Indian, al-· book must mention lions, leop- is to be regretted that these though only Mr. Curtis, and ards, elephants, hippopotami, sketches were not revised so as Mrs. Roberta Campbell Lawson monkeys and Africa's other ani- to meet the new legal, social and (granddaughter of a native Del- mals. religious conditions with which aware missionary, and now pres- Living in these pages are also, the Christian Church has to ident of the General Federation and mainly, people-boys herd- deal, since the plays were first of Women's Clubs), are below ing flocks, taking turns going to used. Missionary motives, con- one-fourth degree. school where they learn songs versational style and facts have About one-third of those and Bible stories which they changed so markedly that little whose stories are presented live carry back to their fellow herds- of the material could now be and work among the general men. We read of little Ponsiwe used without considerable adap- population of America, as min- whose mother tried to hide her tation. If this is done the dra- isters to white churches, doctors, from evil spirits; there are matic basis of these plays and lawyers, scientists, business men Zepheniah and Sarah, the twins, pageants will be found helpful and others. Members of one who with their mother were as suggestive material well ar- considerable group serve under lepers; and there is Mary, one ranged. E. S. AITCHISON.

the Indian Bureau or as mis- of the children rescued by the sionaries on reservations; over missionaries during the famine. Heritage of Beauty. Pictorial Studies one-third are artists, singers, Wide territory was covered by of Modern Christian Architecture lecturers and writers on Indian in Asia and Africa. By D. J. Flemthemes; many entertainers have Miss Reed in her visit-Natal, ing. $1.50. Friendship Press, New Transvaal, Cape Colony, Orange York. 1937. been omitted. Twenty-two wom- Free State, Portuguese East .en are included, and several men Africa and the Belgian Congo. Many mission churches and Instructive notes are added to schools in foreign lands are so who have won fame and money each chapter, giving facts about crude or foreign that they are as successful athletes. Eleven each of the provinces. an offence to cultured natives and do not stimulate worship. are or have been Christian min- MYRTA PEARSON Ross. This is in spite of the fact that isters or pastors. Three of the such countries as India, Burma, Missionary Plays and Pageants. By Persia, Siam, Japan and China names are found in "Who's Who Mrs. Fannie Smith Gray. Crown in America," and others appear boast of many very beautiful in special books of reference. 8vo. 277 pp. $2.75. Western Bap- non-Christian temples. tist Publishing Co., Kansas City, Missionary groups will do well Mo. 1936. Dr. Fleming, formerly a misto study this compilation, the first of its kind, and it should be The demand for missionary sionary in India, has prepared made available in libraries, espe- material in dramatic form has ,cially those of schools, colleges, increased in late years as this attractive volume wit h .and historical societies. churches and other religious or- ganizations have come to realize forty-five photographic produc- ELAINE GOODALE EASTMAN. the dynamic of the visual pres- entation of truth. These 25 tions, with a view to promoting 'World Treasure Trails: Africa. By dramas and pageants cover a Nellie A. Reed. 127 pp. $1.00, range of subjects, including tem- and preserving in every land cloth; 50 cents, paper. Women's perance, sketches for special oc- Missionary Society, Free Methodist casion and various phases of national ideas of beauty in Church, Winona Lake, Ind. 1936. missionary work. The appeal is mostly to women and young Christian Church architecture. The author is a Free Meth- people. ·odist, who was sent out to Africa In these studies he shows the by the children of America, and The author was for 13 years now brings back a message to Baptist State Secretary for Kan- beautiful, appropriate, adretsiisgtinc~ young and old. She knows and sas and served as leader in the dignified and worshipful loves children of all races and Woman's National Jubilee and has drunk deeply from the foun- in some Christian churches ; tains of experience. others are dignified but seem out of place in their environ- ment. He also calls attention to art, symbolism and reverence in connection with churches. Every missionary, charged with build- ing houses of worship in other Here is an :atmosphere of ad- Continuation Campaigns of the lands, should examine this volventure that every missionary Northern Baptist Convention. ume and profit by Dr. Fleming's ,experiences :as he goes to a The aim of these productions is studies.

Kolerat Pitsiulret or True Stories of As his first wife, he married sketch of the Religions of China the Early Days of the Moravian Miss Lucy Guinness, a daughter is followed by a chapter on Mission on the Kuskokwim River, of Dr. H. Grattan Guinness of Christianity in China, from the Alaska. By S. H. Gapp. 106 pages. London. coming of the Nestorians to the 50 cents. The Comenius Press (The The story of this life, dedi- most recent developments in the Moravian Book Shop), Bethelehem, Pa. 1936. cated to God for Africa, is National Christian Council and The Moravian Church began deeply interesting from many the expanding ideal and realizaits work among the Eskimos of points of view. We read of wild tion of the Indigenous Church. the Kuskokwim District in 1885, elephant hunts, as well as adven- The author's picture of the Life and this booklet records in tures with wild men, but the . and Leadership of the Chinese graphic and gripping sty 1e traveler's chief interest was in Church, in country and city, talstories of what was involved in bringing men into vital relation- lies closely with the reviewer's pioneer missionary work fifty ship to Christ. Kumm met own 34 years of observation and years ago in subarctic Alaska. many famous men and spoke at participation in bot h. The What perhaps adds peculiar in- great assemblies. These contacts Church's virtues and frailties terest to these, at times, thrill- form the basis for some rich ex- are not very different from those ing narratives is the fact that periences that reveal the man's of the Western Churches, and one of the pioneer missionaries, strong character and wide in- the great need is the same-that who for the first time brought fluence. He died in California of larger dependence upon God's the Gospel to these neglected on August 29, 1930, but the Spirit for a fuller and more enpeople, was a full-blooded Del- work of the S. U. M. goes on ergizing life. It is a felt need aware Indian, the greatgrand- with many signs of the blessing and Chinese preachers and itinson of the famous Chief Gelele- of God. erant bands have been raised up mend of Revolutionary fame. to meet it as never before, in The first chapters give a review China Calling. By Rev. Frank more extensive and intensive of his life. After his death his Houghton, B.A. 80 pp. Paper, 50 evangelism and the development widow gave to Dr. Gapp all her cents; cloth, $1.00. China Inland of the spirit of independent selfdiaries, from which he has Mission, Lon don, Philadelphia. support and self-propagation.

1936.

gleaned this remarkable tale, It would be hard to find else- But lest any should think that which he has been permitted to where as many interesting facts the missionary is no longer publish now that she too has about China, the country, the needed in China, the author gone to her eternal reward. The people, their history, their char- draws attention to the still small acter, their attainments and number and the poverty of the book gives a vivid picture of their needs, in equally small 500,000 Chi n e s e Protestant missionary activities amid the snow and ice of Alaska, and also compass. The Editorial Secre- Christians among nearly 500,- of some of the experiences- tary of the China Inland Mis- 000,000, and the vast populasometimes tragic – of the early sion, and now a Bishop in tions entirely unevangelized. In Eskimo converts. P. DE S. Szechuen, has made full use of his mind there is not the slight- Pools on the Glowing Sand. The earlier books on China and the est question that "none but Jesus Story of Karl Kumm. By Irene V. Chinese, but also, with unusual Christ can do helpless sinners Cleverdon. Introduction by Samuel opportunities, has made equal good," therefore China presents M. Zwemer. Illus. 8vo. 194 pp. 58. Specialty Press. Melbourne, use of eyes and ears and mind on the world's loudest call and present-day China. He has pro- greatest opportunity to those Australia. 1936. duced a book which should find who follow the Master in being Karl Kumm was a pioneer a large place in the study classes lovers of souls. "Love never missionary traveler in Central of churches and societies as af- faileth." C. H. FENN.

Africa and described his inter- fording an admirable bird's-eye esting observations in two vol- view of that long-lived race in God in the Every Day. By Hugh urnes: "The Lands of Ethiopia," the weakness and strength of its Redwood. 8 vo. 117 pp. 28. 6d. and "From H a usa 1and to past, its modern progress and Rich and Gowman, London. 1936.

Egypt." He had outstanding problems, its resources, its need Another book by the religious gifts as a Christian scholar, an of "What Jesus Christ alone can edi,tor of the London D ail y effective speaker and missionary give." Hence this book's stir- Chronicle is always welcome. explorer and was one of the ring call to the Christian Church Like "God in the Slums" it is founders of the Sudan United in Great Britain and America to the story of how Christ finds Mission and its General Secre- seize the present unequalled op- men and women and saves them tary. portunity. Its appeal is by: no from sin and destruction. It is Karl Kumm was of German means limited to the C. 1. M. and illustrated by individual experiparentage and was born in Os- its supporters. The style of the ences and one chapter of espeterode, Hanover, in 1874. Later book is easy and the author's cial interest is autobiographical. he became international in his sense of humor is frequently in Every pastor, teacher and percontacts and allegiance, with evidence. sonal worker will find it a rich Great Britain, America and Af- After a description of the storehouse for inspiration and rica as his adopted countries. land and people, an excellent illustration. .

Born-And Then? By An- know the Hindu people, their DO YOUR S.S.PAPERS

drew Gih. Edited by J. Edwin Orr. system, customs and problems. 12mo. 128 pp. Is. Marshall, It was a great experience which ~ Morgan & Scott. London. 1937. they have capi,talized to good advantage. He describes each BIBLE TBUTH~ Andrew Gih is a Chinese separate caste from Brahman to Christian, still a young man, an dancing girl and then tells of the ~- HAPPY HOURS evangelist of the Bethel Mission service system, payment, conin Shanghai. Recently he has cessions, and its disintegrating '– ""'"""'- For.he Primacies not only traveled widely in features. The laws of compen- -…….. China, preaching the Gospel, but sation and rights are studied, Sample. of 011' has been on a world-wide evan- and the advantages and disad- Paperl and Ouartedi.. gelistic tour and has given his vantages of the whole system. message very effectively to large It is a valuable study for any sent free on recpest audiences in America and Eng- missionary or student of social E5T.1886 land. Now friends have per- science. suaded him to write the story of CBHISTIAN PUBLICATIONS INC. his early life, his conversion, his The lessons Dr. Wiser draws Third and Reily Sts., Harrisburg~Pa. Christian ministry and his mes- from the system are fifteen. The sage. All has been edited by J. features that should be retained Education for Missions in the Local Edwin Orr, the young British include: Church. E. Mae Young. 89 pp. evangelist, aut h 0 r of "Can 35 cents. Methodist Book Concern. God-?" and other volumes. 1. Contentment and peace. 2. The individual wishes subordinated New York. Andrew Gih's story is strik- Landlord and Peasant in China. A ing and stimulating. His faith to the group. Study of the Agrarian Crisis in is clear, his spirit is Christlike 3. A federation of groups leading to China. Chen Hanseng. 144 pp. and his message is Biblical. The $2.00. International Publishers. book well repays a careful read- solidarity. ing, though its style is conversa- 4. The farmers living at the center New York. tional, rather than literary and Revisiting My Pygmy Hosts. Paul the life-story would be improved rather than in scattered homes. by condensation and reediting. 5. The village community as the pri- Schebesta. Trans. by G. Griffin. The Scripture messages deal llIus. Map. 288 pp. 18s. Hutchwith the Holy Spirit and are in- mary unit of society in India. inson. London. tended particularly for Chris- 6. Education and religion as playing Stone Age Bushmen of Today. Life tians who need cleansing, and and Adventure Am~mg a Tribe of power. They will be helpful to a large part in creating unity. Savages in Northwestern Australia. any earnest Christian of any 7. The greatest factor contributory to J. R. B. Love. Illus. 220 pp. race, in any land. 8s. 6d. Blackie. London. a sense of security is a recogni- Native Education and Culture-Con- The Hindu Jajmani System. By tion of common responsibility. tact in New Guinea. William C. Wm. H. Wiser. Paper bound. 192 Groves. 179 pp. 6s. University pp. Lucknow Publishing House, He says in conclusion: "Just Press, Melbourne; Oxford Univer- India. 1936. as India is helping us to under- sity Press, London. stand more clearly the Galilean Wm. H. Wiser has been for Master's teaching of passive re- Christ the Hope of the W orId. Resome years a missionary in the sistance, it can help us' to under- port of the Twelfth World's Sunday United Provinces of Indian and, stand His teaching that no man wSceh.ooml Cuosn. ve3n5t0iopnp. . Alexander Gamwith his wife, wrote a fasci- has a right to live entirely unto $1.00. World's nating book of Indian village himself and that they who are Sunday School Assn. New York. life, called "Behind Mud Walls." strong are under an ethical obli- Now Dr. Wiser has published gation to bear the burdens of Christianity and Our World. J. C. another and more detailed study the weak." Bennett. 65 pp. 50 cents. Assoof one of the features of the Village System-the "Jajmani" or New Books ciation Press. New York. relationship between employer Church and ,state on the European and 'employee. This system is Ablaze for God. Life Story of Paget Continent. Adolf Keller. 6s. Epcomplicated because of the Wilkes. Mary W. Dunn Pattison. worth Press. London. twenty-four castes and out- 316 pp. Japan Evangelistic Band. castes, with their traditional oc- London. ON SHIPBOARD cupations and taboos. For example: the Brahmans may be The Foundations Must Stand. P. E. An unusual gathering, sayS a corserved by anyone of the twenty- Kretzmann. 123 pp. 75 cents. respondent, was held lately on board four castes while the sweeper Concordia Publishing House. St. the P. and O. steamer Carthage, bound can only be served by a few. Louis. for China. Under the heading "Why we are going to China?" several young For five years Dr. Wiser and Letters by a Modern Mystic. Frank men going out to the China Inland his family lived just outside a C. Laubach. 46 pp. 25 cents. Mission for the first time gave their village, which they called Ka- Student Volunteer Movement. New testimony in front of 250 passengers York. and ship's officers. The speakers, who rimpur. Here they learned to had taken a prominent part in the A Theology for Christian Missions. usual deck sports, all told how they Hugh Vernon White. $2.00. 220 had been led to realize that tqe ac- pp. Willet Clark & Co. Chicago. cepting of Christ as their Saviour was a real and personal matter, and how Alaskan Adventures. By Loyal L. in different ways they had received Wirt. $1.50. 124 pp. Revell. New the call to China.-British Weekly. York.

Twelve Mighty Missionaries. E. E. Enock. 95 pp. Is. Pickering and Inglis. London.

They Found God. M. L. Christlieb. 152 pp. 58. Allen and Unwin. London.

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JUNE NUMBER OF THE THE MISSIONARY ~~WORLD CHRIST AND RURAL AMERICA Some Back Road Problems ………………………………….. Eunice B. Buck The Challenge of the Rural Community ……………………… Mark A. Dawber The Murdock Trail …………………………………….. .Alvin E. Magary Neglected Fields in Rural America ………………………….. William R. King Unity and Cooperation for Rural Churches ………………… .Edward D. Hamner As a Farmer's Wife Sees It ……………………………… .Mrs. A. W. Hewitt Case Work in Rural America ………………………………… .Hilda L. lves A Colporteur's Experiences …………………………………. , ohn C. Killian Tenants, Share-Croppers and the Church …………………. Charles M. McConnell Keeping the Fountains Clean ………………………. , .. .Henry W. McLaughlin The Work of Rural Sunday Schools ……………………… .'ohn M. Somerndike The Country Pastor's Job … , …………………….••…………. .Mark Rich The Larger Parish Plan ………………………….•……. Ellsworth M. Smith What Rural Churches Are Doing ………………………….. W. H. Thompson Woman's Work in a Country Church ………………………. .Mrs. ,. D. Wyker Volunteers in Rural Church Service ………………………….. Louis C. Harnish Best Books on Rural Life Porblems …………….. ; ………… Benson Y. Landis ORDER COPIES FOR YOURSELF AND YOUR SOCIETY, BEFORE THE EDITION IS SOLD OUT.

25 cents a copy. $20.00 a hundred $2.50 a year THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD ROBERT E. SPEER, President DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Editor

The Missionary Review of the World — December 1936

1936

A Young Church in Old Egypt E. E. Elder What Results in Central Africa?

Virginia M. Clarke The Evangelistic Value of Medical Work Rolla E. Hoffman Wanted, A Demonstration of Unity John J. Banninga Sen Lai Tsang, Missionary to Korea Mrs. C. S. Deming Home Missions in Modern America E. D. Kohlstedt Roman Activity in Pagan Africa Kenneth G. Grubb 25 Cents a Copy $2.50 a Year

to Remember CHl1Rc:H Here Is t:he

M"N"GEMENT> Christ:mas Present: for Your December 9-11 – Biennial meetiDg, Federal Council of Churches, As- Past:or and Missionary bury Park, N. J. '::~::."~: ,. ~~: :.W GIVE him a year's suhscription to Church Janu.ary 4-6–Committee on Women's Management. A hright, dynamic profes- Work of the Foreign Missions Con- ference of North America, Asbury sional magazine for clergymen which keeps Park, New Jersey. them in touch with the newest developments January 6-8-Foreign Missions Con- ference of North America, Asbury in the home field. Park, New Jersey. A recently added "Minister's Wife Department" brings in material January 11-14, 1937 – Annual Meet- on programs and methods for the women's activities in the church. ings, Home Missions Council and The Council of Women for Home $2.50 per year; $1.25 for six months Missions. Asbury Park, N. J. (We will send an attractive gift card to your heneficiary if you so request) February 8-13-International Council of Religious Education, Executive CHURCH MANAGEMENT Committee and Associated Meetings. Chicago, Ill. Auditorium Building :: Cleveland, Ohio NATIONAL PREACHING Presbyterian Board of Foreign Mis- Mrs. A. L. Wiley, Presbyterian MISSION sions. For almost 60 years, Dr. Mc- missionary of Ratnagiri, India, on Afee has maintained some form of June 23, received the Kaiser-i-Hind Nov. 29-Dec. 2-Philadelphia. official connection with the foreign medal, third class, in recognition of Dec. 3-6–Boston. missionary enterprise of the Presby- her faithful work among the children Dec. 6-9-New York City. terian Church in the U. S. A.-first as in that area. Many tiny tots have Foreign Missions chairman of his grown to Christian manhood and FLORIDA CHAIN OF MISSION- presbytery and then, in succession, ARY ASSEMBLIES synodical chairman, Board member, . womanhood under her care. October, and for the past six years, one of its January 16-19, 1937-Jacksonville. 1936, marked the end of 41 years of January 19-20–Lake City. • • • secretaries. service which she has given in India. January 20-22-Daytona Beach. Dr. John A. Rodgers, Secretary January 20-22-DeIand. for Annuities and Special Gifts on the … … January 23-27-Miami. Presbyterian Board of National Mis- January 26-27-Ft. Lauderdale. sions, retired on October 1. .T~e Rev. Charl~s Hodge Corbett, January 27-29-Palm Beaches. mInIster of educatlOn of Bay Ridge January 30-February 2-Orlando. ••• Presbyterian Church, Brooklyn, N. Y., February 2-4-Winter Haven. has been elected to succeed the late February 4-5-Ft. Myers. Dr. Edmund B. Chaffee as editor of February 4-5-Sarasota. The Presbyteri4n Tribune'. He was a February 6-11-St. Petersburg. missionary in China for seventeen February 7-1o-Clearwater. years, teaching in the North China February 10-12-Tampa. Union College. He returned to Amer- February 13-16–Tallahassee. ica in 1925.

Dr. Charles E. Maddry, a secretary of the Southern Baptist Foreign Mis- Personal Itellls sion Board, is home after a tour of Rt. Rev. Frederick Rogers Graves, the Board's missions in South Amer- ica. of the American Episcopal Church, • •• has been asked to continue hiB service in China where he has been for fiftyfive years. He had submitted his Mrs. A. K. Reischauer, of the Pres- Obituary Notes resignation because of advancing age byterian Mission in Japan, has been (now 78) but the House of Bishops awarded a special diploma for distin- The Rt. Rev. HoefnrMy eDxaicmo,eredlieAdveis~ asked him to hold on until the general guished service to the deaf. She was retired Bishop the pioneer in introducing oral educa- Houston, Texas, September 20, in his • • convention. • tion for the deaf in Japan, and 83d year. He had retired in 1928 founded the deaf-oral school, "Nippon Working quietly and steadily for 20 Geo. Evangeline Booth left Lon- Rowa Gakko," in Tokyo. years, during a period of one revoludon in November to undertake a world campaign, calling first at Port Said .::sFREE FOT tionary ~risis after another, Bishop to inspect one of the newest Salvation Min;"eT. Aves guIded the struggling missions Army centers. She expects to spend of the Episcopal Church in Mexico more than a month, including Christ- Why God Used D. L. Moody isnatmoestoilmidearmitiyniasntedrinsgtretnogtthh~' at the mas, in India, and conduct no fewer By R. A. Torrey British than sixty-five public gatherings at and American colonies in the critical various centers. The General will The Shorter Life of D. L. Moody years when open warfare was an al- Itllend six days in Ceylon, thence to By Paul R. Moody and A. P. Fitt most constant threat. Java, Singapore, Hongkong, Shanghai and Peiping. She will go on to Th_ two hooks will he given [0 the fint 1000 * … … Korea, reaching Japan on March 10, miniatere who will agree to conduct a "'Moody Day" and return to England across the lervice on Sunday, February 7, 1937, and win Dr. Bruce Kinney, recently retired preach an appropriate message in oheenance of the as on!! of the representatives of the United States. .> . . CeDtenary of D. L. Moody's birth. ~merIc~n ~aptist Home Mission So- CIety, dIed In Cleveland, Ohio, on Oc- Dr. Cleland Boyd McAfee reached W,.ite A. F. GaylorJ. Director tober 15. He was for 43 years a minhis 70th birthday on September 26, D. L. MooJy Centenary Celebration. ister .of Christ and 38 years ago was and on that date retired from the secretaryship for Japan, Siam, Chosen The Moody Bible Institute of Chicago w: appomted as a frontier missionary in and the Philippine Islands under the 153 INSTITUTE PLACE CHICAGO. ILL. the e~ whe!e he was superintendent of mISSIons In Utah and Wyoming (Concluded on 3d CO'IJer.) REVIEW OF THE WORLD High Speed DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Editor at Low Cost VOL.LIX DEC., 1936 No. 12 Speed is often so important when crossing to the Orient. That's-why Publication and Business Office– busy travellers go by Empress. You Third and Reily Sts., Harrisburg, Pa. go faster . . . in maximum comfort . . . and at surprisingly low cost. Editorial and Executive Office- 156 Firth Avenue, New York City. Only 10 days to Yokohama by Entered as second-class matter at Empress of Asia or Empress of Russia. Or via Honolulu in just 3 Post Office, Harrisburg, Pa., under days more by Empress of Japan Act of March 3, 1879. (largest, fastest liner on the Pa~ific) or Empress of Canada. 25 cents a copy-$2.50 a year. Foreign Postage, 50 cents a year. low round-trip fares . . . First, Publlsbed monthly, except August. Tourist and Third Class. All rights reserved. Copyrighted 1935. British agents – Marshall, Morgan and Scott, 12 Paternoster Buildings, When your Call London, E. C. 1 shilling per copy. 10 shillings a year.

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-' MRS. LLOYD LINSFORD, Marion, Ind.

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by Willard

LISTENING TO THE GOSPEL ON THE BANKS OF THE NILE (REV. OSCAR BOYD PREACHING FROM THE IBIS) Photograph by Willard Price EAGER LIDARNERS IN THE BOYS' SCHOOL, ALEXANDRIA BUILDING MATERIAL FOR THE CHURCH IN EGYPT

NARY

REVIB ORLD VOLUME LIX AN INTERDENOMINATIONAL REVIEW OF WORLD-WIDE CHRISTIAN PROGRESS NUMBER 12 DECEMBER, 1936 Topics of the Times THE CHRISTIAN MESSAGE OF PEACE sponsible for the war spirit. Russia, the commu- nistic Union of Soviet Republics, denies God's au- Thousands of sermons will be preached in thority and ideals and depends on armaments to Christian pulpits on Christmas Sunday, advocat- maintain peace with neighbors and within her own ing "Peace on earth, goodwill among men." But, borders.. Japan, the militaristic monarchy, seeks while God is the God of Peace, and the Gospel is to attain her ends by regimentation and force of the Gospel of Peace, Christ distinctly said, arms. Germany and Italy, the fascist totalitarian "Think not that I am come to send peace on earth; states, declare for an "armed peace," with their I 'came not to send peace, but a sword." This armaments able to defy all antagonists. Even startling statement has been proved true, for England and America are joining in the race. strife has characterized national life during the There may be an armed truce, and a restraint whole Christian era-though war is contrary to from active warfare, but it is due to fear of force Christ's mission of peace. and not to the spirit of friendly harmony which Look over the world. Never were nations so fe- underlies all true peace.

verishly arming themselves and preparing for war What then is the Christmas message of peace?

as they are today; never was so much spent on It is that Christ came to proclaim God's love and armaments and war materials; never have there His desire that men should cease from rebellion been so many wars and rumors of wars-political, against His will and should be at peace with Him.

economic, social and religious. This is in spite of This is the only effective basis of "peace among the influence and ideals of Christ and the peace men." The sword of strife will be sheathed, or propaganda and pacifist movements. There can turned into a plowshare of peace, when men join be no doubt that Christ desires peace, but if He in allegiance to Christ and yield their wills and came to establish general peace among men and their lives and their possessions to the Will of nations, there does not seem to have been much God. There is no other way ; all peace movements progress toward reaching His objective. Never- promoted on any otlier basis are futile. As long theless God is the God of Peace; Christ preached as men fight against God they will naturally fight peace and bequeathed His peace to His disciples, against one another, if they can and dare. "There and they "preached peace by Jesus Christ" (Acts is no peace, saith my God, to the wicked." God 10: 36). and the State cannot both rule supreme over men's What, then, is the answer to the present prob- wills; neither can both God and self be supreme.

lem ·of disunity and strife in the world? The an- The most effective emissaries and promoters of swer is that there is only one basis of human peace on earth today are not "pacifists" who decry peace and that is "peace with God." The reason all conflict, or social workers who merely seek to for the "sword" that divided households as the bring about better living conditions. but they are result of Christ's coming to earth over nineteen the peacemakers who are recognized as "children hundred years ago-and that still divides families of God"; they are the Christian missionaries and and nations-is the fact that men are out of har- others who are seeking to win men to Christ and mony with God., We have neglected the one neces- to a life in harmony with God's will. Christ came sary basis of unity. As long as we-as individuals primarily to save men from sin-the sin of disoor as nations-are each seeking selfish ends, so bedience to the Will of God. He proclaimed for- long will we fear one another and put our trust giveness and peace by His sacrifice on the Cross in armaments. No one form of government is re- and so opened the Way of Life in God.

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Christmas is a time to preach peace, but only ity, must be taught in the home, the school, the the peace of God based on loving obedience to His church and the place of business. Law must be revealed will and manifested by love to our fellow shown to be not an enemy to liberty but a protec- men. It is love that brings peace because love tion and an ally to progress.

works no ill to one's neighbor. The Star of Beth- (7) Belief in God as a loving Heavenly Father, lehem and the Cross of Calvary are both the Chris- . and the just Ruler of human affairs, must be tian symbols of peace. taught to children from their earliest years. The movie and the streets often make crime seem easy, STILLING THE CRIME WAVE pleasant and profitable. Self-control and rever- ence for God must be shown by precept and ex- The government, social reformers, parents and ample as the Way of Life that brings happiness Christians everywhere are greatly disturbed be- and success. cause of the extent of crime and its spread in all Public libraries must be purged from unwholeparts of the world. The cost of crime in the some books and newsstands must be cleared of United States is estimated at thirteen billion dol- papers that present low ideals and lawless heroes. lars a year, seven times as much as we spend for Good reading is more influential than most forms education. The number of condemned criminals of good advice. It is a matter of record that only in penal institutions runs into hundreds of thou- two per cent of criminals!, when brought to trial, sands and lawbreakers out of jail are even more have been active members of any church. numerous. The worst feature of the situation is that youthful criminals are increasing. In Great As the basic cause of crime and lawlessness is Britain, a recent report states that forty per cent sin, so the only cure for these evils is a. turning of the crimes were committed by persons under to God and an intelligent regard for His laws. twenty-one years of age; and the situation is even The New Testament gives us three definitions of sinworse in America. The chief causes of crime and lawlessness are (1) "Sin is transgression of the law"-a posi- tive disobedience to the revealed Will of God. idleness, ignorance, lack of high moral standards, broken homes, a desire to obtain money for power (2) "Whosoever knoweth to do good and doeth and: self-indulgence, and· an antipathy to all re- it not to him it is sin" ;-it is failure to follow the straints. But the basic causes of lawlessness are light we have. selfishness and a disregard for God as the Heavenly Father and Lawgiver. (3) "Whatsoever is not of faith is sin"-it is doing what we believe to be wrong, and failure What then is the cure for the present-day law- to live in harmony with faith in God as He is relessness and crime? Prof. Robert H. Miller of vealed in Jesus Christ. Manchester College, Indiana, gives a seven-point program: It has been the experience, both of individuals and of communities, that when the Gospel of Christ is accepted, and men take Him as their (1) Increased appropriations for education. Saviour and Lord, crime and lawlessness disap- Chicago has established a special school for "in- pear and men become good neighbors and good corrigible" boys-a school that instructs and citizens. This is evidenced in the word that has keeps them busy with wholesome technical train- recently come of the transformation of a very ing and recreation. . primitive, lawless people of Papua (in the South (2) Keep young folks busy. Do not let them Seas) . These people were sorcerers and took a be idle and out of work. Six million between the pride in murder. Their women all refused to acages of sixteen and twenty-one are now out of cept a man as a husband until he had murdered school and out of work. someone. They were superstitious and ignorant (3) Vocational training-teach every child to in mind and filthy of body. They were shiftless use his or her hands and mind in some useful em- and poor, and filled with fear and enmity. The ployment-something creative in which he or she Australian Government attempted to control. to can find satisfaction. discipline, to cajole or to punish offenders but (4) The Church must increase her ministry to without success. All the men served jail sentences youth-in the home, school, church and business. and then returned to their old life. Then came Environment must be improved and leisure hours messenger§ of the Gospel of Christ-people of occupied to profit. their own race who had experienced Christ's (5) Punishment for wrongdoing must be made transforming nower. These messengers did not more sure. swift and fitted to the crime. Senti- begin by teaching the savages to build better ment must not interefere with justice. Youth houses and to make better gardens, nor did they must learn that crime does not pay but that crimi- begin by teaching them the evils of crime and adnals do. vantages of law observance. They simply told (6) Respect for law, and for those in author. them of their own experience of Christ, the Son

TOPICS OF THE TIMES

of God, who so loved them that He came to give 800,000 people in Travancore moving Christward. His life for them; they revealed the effect of His The leaders express a desire to see their whole love and His power in their own lives by their un- community embrace Christianity and a large selfish, joyful service. The pagans were astound- body of Indian Christians have offered to give ed at this new way of peace and power and they their services as volunteer evangelists and teachresponded to the teaching. Before long they de- ers for this ingathering. The difficulty is to care stroyed their paraphernalia of sorcery, gave up for their transportation and training. "Hundreds their evil ways and began a new life. Crimes of of villages are crying out for teachers and tens violence and theft and sins of impurity have now of thousands are seeking Christ." The awakening been discarded. Of their own accord whole vil- is reported also in the Punjab, the United Provlages now rise early in the morning, go for their inces and elsewhere. The Bishop of Dornakal bath and have their "quiet time" to learn God's estimates that in his district alone one million will. They have discarded fighting and send their people are moving Christward. children to school; some have built new, clean villages, with communal gardens, and live as one The opportunity and challenge is likely to grow great family. during the coming months as the disillusioned Untouchables seek some escape from the oppres- Here is an example of the natural fruit of Chris- sive bonds of Hinduism-already they are turntian teaching, without any attempt to coerce or ing to Christ and asking for baptism at the rate persuade the people to accept any specified rules of 15,000 every month. This is influencing the or regulations. These former savages are al- caste Hindus also as they see the new birth and ready an example to civilized America and the re- new life of those whom they have despised. sults have astounded government officials. Where are teachers to be found to train these "Where the Spirit of the Lord is, there is lib- open-minded seekers? The Indian churches are erty." He who stilled the stormy waves on the poor and the mission boards are still short of Sea of Galilee is the One who can still the crime needed funds. There is still money available for wave today, if men will but obey Him, as did the the things men want most. The boards at home winds and the sea. might unite in presenting the facts to Christian stewards at home and offer, if suitable teachers MEETING THE CHALLENGE OF INDIA are found who will volunteer to give their time, to finance one-half the expense for their board Because of its ancient culture, the number of and travel for a five year campaign if the Indian religions, the size of its population and the multi- churches will care for the other half. The mistude of its unevangelized villages, India presents sionary forces in these areas also need strengtha peculiar and powerful challenge to the Church ening- and new vernacular literature must be supof Christ. The first Christian testimony is re- plied for the growing churches. ported to have come to India nearly 1900 years ago and Christian missions have been carried on It would be unwise for American and British there for the last six hundred years. Protestant Christians to assume the whole financial responsiwork began in 1706 and the first British mission- bility and control but they can still act as true aries entered one hundred and forty years ago; partners of the Indian churches in the work of yet today not more than one in one hundred of winning and training these under-privileged the people are even nominal Christians and the classes for Christ. Prayer circles should also be number of non-Christians is at least double that started in churches at home and in India. The of 100 years ago. The encouraging fact is that National Christian Council and the National Misthe knowledge of Christ and His teachings has sionary Society of India might be the clearing permeated India and the general attitude of the house for a united campaign that will be cooperapeople has changed from one of bitter hostility tive and will avoid waste and overlapping effort. to one of respect and inquiry. "The task before the Church in India. is tremen- dous," says the Bishop of DornakaI. "It will tax Christian missions are largely responsible for all our available resources; but God is our partner the development of modern education in India, and will not fail. In the work of His Kingdom for the advance in modern medical service and nothing is impossible." for the elevation of women and children. The British Government has promoted peace, justice, DISAPPOINTED CANDIDATES education and economic betterment. Candidates for political office are not the only Great mass movements toward Christ have been ones who suffer disappointment when election reported in many places during the past fifty time passes. Missionary candidates are also too years, with whole villages of the Depressed often disappointed-sometimes even after their Classes ready to come under Christian instruc- election, but more often because of failure to be tion. Today the Rev. T. G. Stuart Smith reports selected and given a field of service.

Among the elect some are disappointed when mission field. One applied who had nursing qualithey reach their field, because they find that they fications, but not the spirit Of Christ. She was are not adapted to the work or field assigned. sent at large expense but within one year had In spite of carefully prepared candidate papers to be recalled after having done harm rather than and examinations, their physical, mental or spir- good. A lesson was learned. When a doctor apitual equipment may be inadequate. Others, who plied for the same field, a frank letter was sent have an ambition to devote their lives to preach- to him, setting forth plainly the difficulties of ing the Gospel to the unsaved, are sometimes pioneering without much modern equipment; he called upon to fill vacancies in schools or colleges was warned of the financial sacrifices necessary, to teach purely secular subjects-and little time the problems involved in living in a small intimate and strength is left for evangelism. One mission- circle, the need for vital prayer life and Bible ary in India bewailed the fact that an under- searching, and the fact that evangelism by word staffed teaching force in the mission college neces- and life is the primary work of the mission in sitated his being called to teach and to neglect which all were expected to take a part. That evangelistic work for which he had volunteered. doctor went prepared for what he was to face. Or the business or executive end of the mission may be so absorbing that there seems little or no Disappointments of candidates and in canditime for purely Gospel work. dates, and disappointments on the mission field and at home cannot always be avoided but they Disillusionment also sometimes comes because can be greatly lessened by greater care in the of false ideas of missionary life gained from ro- study of the fields, more frankness in dealing mantic authors and speakers who present the with candidates and more earnest prayer and cause at home. The needs, opportunities and sacrifice, with a determination to know and follow rewards, of field work are sometimes so attrac- the spirit and mind of Christ in the work to tively presented that young men and women vol- which He has called us. The missionary enterunteer who are not ready to endure the hardness prise is not a human undertaking but a divine of pioneering, who do not realize the difficulties calling to follow a divine Leader. No man or of the field to which they are going; they are woman, called of God to work for Jesus Christ in not prepared for the disappointments due to work- the salvation of men, need be idle or disappointed ing with and for uncongenial and unresponsive because of lack of support and opportunity. Even people, or to live without the comforts and cul- invalids may have a great part in the work tural opportunities of the homeland. through prayer and gifts and personal testimony wherever their lot is cast. "For if there be first Other disappointed candidates are those who a willing mind, it is accepted according to what never reach the field because no one will take the a man has, not according to what he has not." responsibility for sending and supporting them. But at times general appeals come from the field D. L. MOODY CENTENARY which arouse interest that cannot be harnessed to action. A recent article appeared in THE REVIEW The life of D. L. Moody, the famous Evangelist, which told of the religious destitution in many finds its lengthening influence in the Moody Bible districts, in Maine. Two missionary-minded Chris- Institute of Chicago, founded by him fifty years tian teachers wrote to the author of the article, ago. The year 1937 will witness a world-wide offering their services freely to conduct summer celebration of the centenary of the birth of the Daily Vacation Bible Schools. The reply failed great Christian evangelist and educator. His to mention any needy towns or any way of serv- ministries in Great Britain and America added ice. Disappointment and failure was the result. many thousands to the ranks of those accepting A similar experience is noted with regard to of- Christ as Saviour and awakened sleeping profers to help other churchless communities in the fessors of the Christian faith to vital action. United States. The Hartford Band has offered to go to any needy field but no one is ready to On February 2, 1936, nearly six hundred send them. churches in the United States and six other lands, celebrated "Moody Day" with heart-kindling serv- What is the remedy for these disappointments? ices that resulted in the winning of many to Christ Is it not first to be found in accurate information? and in aw!kening or deepening interest in the The fields must be studied in detail, as Robert study of the Word of God, and the winning of Arthington studied them, so that the facts will souls. Another "Moody Day," with a much wider be known; the candidates must be studied indi- observance, will be celebrated on the centenary vidually as to fitness and they must be fully in- of Mr. Moody's, birth, February 7, 1937. It is formed as to facts. There is no excuse for hoped that more than a thousand pastors and knowingly sending out unqualified candidates churches will join in prayer and action for the merely because a place needs to be filled. One spiritual good of all who participate. case in point-a nurse was sorely needed on a

A Young Church in Old Egypt*

By the REV. E. E. ELDER, Cairo Missionary of the United Presbyterian Church T HIS young Protestant Church in Egypt, the Christian church as the ultimate aim. The city cradle of one of the oldest civilizations, has of Assiut, 250 miles south of Cairo, and a strong passed its seventy-fifth birthday on April 13, Coptic center became his base of operation. A last year. The first American missionaries ar- number of vigorous churches sprang up in the rived in Cairo a little over eighty years. ago. In southland and by 1885, a year before his death, five years portions of Arabic Scripture and reli- there were in all Egypt nineteen organized con- gious books were dirstributed, a few mission gregations-six of them having pastors of their schools started and religious services organized. own. Most of these congregations were in the In September, 1859, the Lord's Supper was first immediate vicinity of Assiut, although there were administered by missionaries using the Arabic also mission workers in Alexandria and Cairo.

language and the first four converts were received The total membership was about 1,700.

into the evangelical fellowship. These included During the second quarter century many other a Coptic monk, an Armenian, a Syrian and an towns and villages further north in the neighbor- Egyptian. The first Evangelical congregation hood of Minya and al-Kom al-Akhdar, towns midwas organized in Cairo in 1863 and that- same way between Assiut and Cairo, were opened to year the Presbytery arranged for training classes evangelical preaching. The number of missionto prepare young men for Christian service. aries connected with the American Mission in- From these small beginnings, three-quarters of creased about threefold, some of them being loa century ago, there has de,veloped a church which cated in the great unevangelized centers of the numbers over 21,000 members, meeting in 143 Delta where more than half the population of organized congregations and 201 unorganized Egypt lives. Struggling churches, dependent circles. Of these congregations 114 have their largely on the encouragement and guidance of the own ministers; fifty-nine are self-supporting, and missionary, were organized in the provincial capcontribute to the general work of Synod. itals. A few months ago the editor of one of the prom- During this middle period the number of stuinent religious weeklies of America visited the dents in the Sunday Schools grew steadily until seminary for the training of pastors and was in- in 1910 there were almost 17,000 enrolled. At terested to learn that the building was erected al- the turn of the century the presbytery was dimost entirely from funds collected in Egypt by vided into four presbyteries and they in turn were the Egyptians. He was happily surprised to find organized into the Synod of the Nile. From the that the inscription over the building did not read, very early days of the American Mission's efforts, "The Seminary of United Presbyterian Church of Egyptian cooperation and leadershiJf had been the North America," but "The Theological Seminary longed for goal. By the close of these twenty-five of the Evangelical Church." years a plan had been formulated looking to finan- The seventy-five years of the Evangelical cial independence of the EgYl>tian Church. Church's history may be roughly divided into By 1910, seventy-two organized churches with three equal periods. During the first twenty-five many other centers could boast of more than years the dominant figure in the development of eleven thousand members. Twenty-two were self- Evangelical Christianity was Dr. John Hogg, a supporting.

Scotchman who believed that the method of win- The third quarter of the church's history conning the Moslem population to Christ was to evan- tinues the increase in organizations in the southgelize the Coptic Christians. Often a stumbling- land, but the remarkable growth again moved block to Moslems, they had long since lost under northward. At the opening of these last twentypersecution any incentive to preach the Gospel. To five years there was but one ordained Egyptian gain Egypt for his Lord, Dr. Hogg thought not pastor in Cairo. In March, 1912, just seventeen only of converting individual souls but of planting years after his ordination, another minister was an independent, self-sustaining, self-propagating called to become the pastor of a second congrega- • See Frontispiece. tion in the capital city. In March, 1929, the Prot- [567 ]

estant leaders of Cairo were gathered for the or- pose for His Kingdom knows no boundary of dination of another Evangelical pastor over a geography or race of social position or former church newly organized. One of the speakers re- religious loyalty. Facing the 13,000,000 Egyptian minded the audience that during the seventeen Moslems, we know that the work is far from be- years seven more congregations had been organ- ing completed. Just now the great problem of ized. If one is surprised at the remarkable our American economic life is the reemployment growth of these seventeen years, he may be of people without work. No one would consider amazed to learn that in the six years that have that the problem for 13,000,000 unemployed was since elapsed five other congregations have been solved by putting a meagre 50,000 to work. The formed, thus bringing the total of Evangelical present Evangelical Church in Egypt is only the congregations in Cairo and suburbs up to four- "seed corn" of an abundant harvest.

teen. All but four are financially independent. The young church, with all its strength and One of them, in addition to supporting the usual leadership, is still weak because of the conditions church work of a city congregation conducts a that surround it. Christians in America, although thriving day school for girls, and gave in 1934, largely outnumbering the Jews, have had little $850 to the mission work of the Nile Valley. success in persuading them to acknowledge and Many movements in the Church show that the follow as Lord One who was of their own race.

aim of the early missionaries for a self-govern- In Egypt the small Evangelical Church, drawn ing, self-propagating church was being realized. largely from the ancient Coptic race, is confronted A Laymen's and Elders' Society, organized in with an overwhelming Moslem majority whose 1918, contains the following paragraph in its first history is full of bigotry and persecution. How annual report: much more difficult is it to persuade members of The work in the cities and districts has steadily pro- a proud majority to accept teaching presented by gressed. There have been fruits of a spiritual awakening, a vigorous yet suspicioned minority of a despised the grace of giving, and"the spirit of brotherhood. May we not be able to prove to America that we are a worthy people. It is hard to find a strong enough analogy child able to carryon the plans of the church by the to picture the extreme difficulty of winning Mosstrength we have gained from her. Our Egyptian Church lem Egypt to Christ. Imagine what would be the now spends $75,000 annually on its work, why should it situation in America if the Negro population were still continue to beg $5,000 from the church in America commissioned to win the white people to a differfor the work of Synod when by fostering the Laymen'~ ent religion than that which they now profess. It and Elders' Movement we may be able to arrive at self- would be twenty times harder if only one in support and progress towards the greater work of reach- twenty of the Negroes had even a slight conceping the millions of unsaved in Egypt for the glory of the Lord. tion of the reality of their commission. Add to In 1926 the Synod assumed full responsibility that what would be the case if the convert must for the education of its ministry and the new not only change his religion but his social posi- Seminary building was occupied. One of the tion, his family relations and even his race. We missionaries has acted as chairman of the faculty might say, "We know the Negro has deeper reliand another serves on the Board. In Basil Mat- gious emotions than white men, but must we bethews' "Forerunners of a New Age," an inter- come Negroes in order to follow his religion?" pretative report of the 1934 Conference on Train- The thinking Moslem may admit the excellence of ing of the Ministry of the Younger Churches, he Christ's teaching, but very often he questions its expresses an fdeal that fits the situation in Egypt. application to him.

The real shaping of the life of a seminary-if it is to Missionary retrenchments and withdrawals of produce a life-giving ministry~must be in the hands of workers have led the young church in Egypt to the people of that lang. The control must be national. wonder how keenly America appreciates the crit- But to concentrate on control as such is not the Christian ical situation in Moslem lands. The attitude of way, for fellowship is the root of the ministry, and fellow- Americans seems often to be expressed: "In sevship transcends the chasms of East and West. enty-five years a church should reach maturity.

In spite of its seventy-five years the Evangelical 'It should now be left by itself to finish the work Church of Egypt is a young church. The task so well started." The ministers of the young of bringing the teeming population of the narrow church, almost to a man, believe that foreign mis- fertile valley of the Nile and its delta into fellow- sionary help is needed to complete the work so ship with Christ, the Saviour, has only begun. well begun. The Cairo Ministers' Association On the other hand a church with a community of gave to a missionary going home on furlough the 50,000 members and adherents, with an educated following message for the church at home: "Sup- ministry and its own church buildings, is well ad- port your work abroad; send out more mission- vanced towards the Christian ideal. Christ's pur- aries."

Results in Central Africa?

By VIRGINIA M. CLARKE, Bolenge, Africa Teacher in the Congo Christian Institute JOHN A. MACKAY has said that, "the evangel- brotherhood, a deepening of their characters and, istic task is, therefore, to make infinitely above all, a growing church which is rapidly be- meaningful and inescapable the heart of the coming more truly indigenous and has a real con- Gospel, God's revelation of Himself in Jesus viction of the need for a continued spread of the Christ in such a way that personality in its whole- Gospel by means of a more adequately trained ness shall respond to God." Innately religious, Christian leadership. the African has responded to the stimulus of God's love by becoming a Christian who is con- In the Mondombe field Bontamba Mark was scious that his whole life should be influenced by sent as an evangelist to a remote village. After Christ's principles. The Bible has become for only one year the things he had accomplished were him an inspired Book, guiding his thoughts and very evident. Seventeen new houses of better conactions through every hour of every day. This struction and with more adequate ventilation had consciousness of the impelling power of God's been built in the Christian village, sanitary con- Word has resulted in many changes in the Afri- ditions were improved and a clean water supply can's heart, character, attitudes and environment. was assured. A new church building had been erected, two schools were flourishing and fifty- The particular Africans whose progress we are three inquirers were ready for baptism. In the now considering belong principally to the Bank- Bolenge Christian village a number of wells have undo tribe dwelling in the Belgian Congo along been dug, many of them with good clear water. the equator where the Congo River crosses it for New little houses are being built of brick which the second time, in a territory which extends east each home builder has shaped and burned himfrom four to five hundred miles, and reaches self. An ingenious method of building is often north and south about two hundred miles. Living followed. While the family continues to live in grouped together in villages ranging from two the old mud house the brick walls are erected hundred to a thousand people, these Congolese are around the house. When the new roof is in place hearing the Gospel story from teacher evangelists the old home is torn down and the new house entrained in one of the six principal mission stations closes the family. Mark Njoji, the pastor of the which are seeking to serve this great field, Bo- Bolenge church, has just completed a fine brick lenge, Coquilhatville, Lotumbe, Monieka, Wema house, well pointed with cement on the outside and Mondombe. Although many of these evan- and the inside walls smoothly plastered with white gelists have received as yet only a quite limited clay. There he can shelter the many friends and education, their few months or years at the mis- relatives who seek his "house by the side of the sion station in close contact with the missionaries road." and other leaders have resulted in a zeal to win their people for Christ, a desire to improve their In Congo from time immemorial the birth of moral, physical and economic conditions, and a twins has necessitated a complicated ritual, but feeling of brotherhood with all rather than with one year twins were born to a. Christian couple just one closely affiliated group, such as the family attending the Congo Christian Institute at Boor clan. lenge. The parents were brave enough to disobey the heathen superstitions. The mother went to Because of the consecrated efforts of the mis- the mission hospital for the confinement. and sionaries and the native Christian workers rested quietly in bed for ten days instead of takthroughout more than thirty years of this mis- ing a twin on each hip and dancing the length of sion's existence some very definite results of the the village the day after their birth as custom dicimpact of the Gospel on the lives of these particu- tated. These twins were bathed and fed like reglar Congolese are now becoming evident. These ular babies and were not forced to fast at interresults encompass the whole life of the people, for vals. Each baby had a basket bed covered with a we are finding not only better homes, hygiene, piece of mosquito netting. The father actually sanitation, gardens, but also an increasing respect continued to go to school and to study as though for womanhood, a larger measure of charity for he were the father of only one. those outside the family, an expanding feeling of In addition to these exterior aspects of better [569 ]

hygiene and better homes there are more subtle "The women here are the rej oicing of this changes. There is a growing companionship be~ church!' That is very unusual praise for a tween husband and wife and a mutual respect for Congo man to give to women and so marks an each other's personality. One elder in the Lotumbe advance in the men's attitude. As a result of the church and his wife always begin and end the day continued spread of Christian ideals throughout by praying together. Numbers of young couples the Congo its womanhood is being gradually en- are learning through their association in the Sun~ nobled.

day school class, known as the Brave Hearts, to In a heathen society the Congolese feel no reeat together and to share their joys and problems sponsibility for those outside their own immediwith each other. No one who has not known ate families. But after they have heard the story Africa intimately can realize how radical is this of Jesus they learn to care for others. As a change in attitudes and customs. The establish- church or as a missionary society they share troument and development of the Christian home, as bles of their members and try to help them. The the parents learn to nurture their little ones in church at Lotumbe took up a collection for some the faith, is one very outstanding result of the of their members whose houses had burned down, Gospel in Central Africa. they paid for medical treatment and finally burial What About the Women? for a friendless old man who had wandered into town; they brought food and clothing for a sick Someone has said in substance, that no nation and crippled woman who was without a home, and can rise higher than its womanhood. In Congo they gave money each week to a former evangelthe woman's place has always been a degraded ist of the despised Batswa tribe who was ill with one. She is considered a piece of property, a tuberculosis. These are only a few of this housekeeper, a gardener, the bearer of children, church's charitable deeds, and they might be dubut never as a loved companion to be respected plicated in every church in Congo.

and cherished. A Congo proverb says, "To eat The Women's Missionary Society of the Bolenge with a woman is to eat with the devil himself." Church decided to give some gifts of food to one In spite of these traditional attitudes, Christ's of their members who had recently been left a love and principles are resulting in an increased widow with nine children. They brought live fish, respect for women, their personalities and abil- dried fish, manioc, onions, plantains, palm nuts, ities. Manners and little courtesies are often in- two kinds of cakes made of sweet manioc, corn dicative of an inner spirit or attitude, as in a and other food as well as a money gift of fifteen situation which occurred at Lotumbe two years francs (about fifty cents). On their regular meet- ago. A number of the young married couples had ing day the women gathered at the church with just finished a feast in the open air. The Sunday their gifts in large baskets and basins and went vesper service was soon to be held there. Before singing to her home. She had been warned in ad- the meeting the young men were sitting together vance so was wearing a clean dress for the first visiting while the women were putting things time since her husband's death. The house was away in a nearby house. When the women came freshly swept and the children were clean. One out of the house most of them took places some of the women made a little speech presenting the distance away, but the wives of the graduates of gifts and two others prayed. The widow was the Congo Christian Institute came over to where so moved by this expression of their Christian their husbands were sitting. There were not love that tears came to her eyes. The women had enough chairs so those husbands stood up cour- to explain to her that these were outright gifts teously and gave their chairs to their wives. Of and no one expected to receive anything from her, course that little incident doesn't sound a bit for in Congo a gift means that something must strange or unusual to the American woman who be given in return.

is accustomed to every courtesy, but for a heathen The Gospel has meant to the Congolese that in- Congo woman-well, it is simply unheard of. stead of being members of many unrelated tribes Some missionaries were going up the Ubangi with fierce jealousies, hatred and strife predom- River on the mission steamer, "The Oregon." They inating, they now belong to one fellowship with reached Bobolo, where there is an evangelist and love, loyalty and mutual helpfulness as their a good church. Captain John Inkima told them watchwords. This idea has been very aptly ex- about the church there and how the women had pressed by the students of the Congo Christian In- done most of the work of building it. He said stitute, a secondary school established seven years that at one time the men all went back to heathen- ago at Bolenge for the training of a higher type ism, but some of the women kept the church go- of Christian leadership. To that school come stu- ing. Later an evangelist was sent to them and dents of many tribes whose fathers and grand- the church reawakened. Then Captain John said, fathers were traditional enemies. In one gradu-

WHAT RESULTS IN CENTRAL AFRICA?

ating class of fourteen there were nine distinct ries on the affairs of the church with only occatribes represented. From the beginning of the sional counsel from the missionary. To attend the school they have marveled at the strong bond of Sunday morning service at this church is a real Christian love which bound them together and experience; for the pastor, the choir of ten male made them as one tribe. One student in writing voices and the audience join together to make a home to his parents said, "Here we do not belong truly inspiring and reverent period of worship, to different tribes, but to one tribe-the tribe of of which the celebration of the Lord's Supper is God." made the climax. Churches like this one are being duplicated by the score in many outstations This unity was put to the acid test when the throughout the Congo. very first Batswa students entered the school. The Batswa constitute the semi-pygmy slave tribe of Fortunately many government officials realize Congo which for generations has been despised the importance of the Christian evangelist and by the Bankundo and with whom no social inter- give him their support. One government official course was possible. But when these Batswa stu- after visiting with an outstanding evangelist of dents stepped off the boat they were greeted as the Lotumbe field aoout how best to stop some long lost brothers by those in the upper classes. objectionable heathen practices, said to him, Later when one of the Batswa wives was ill and "After all, one of you evangelists can accomplish could not go to the garden and prepare food for more than many soldiers because the people have her husband and four children one of the Bank- learned to respect and love you." Undoubtedly undo women volunteered to help her. She had a the lives and work of some of these earnest nabusy day, for there was water to carry from the tive evangelists, as well as the growth and despring, cassava to dig in the garden, bread to be velopment of the Christian Church in Congo, are made, and greens to be prepared. Having finished outstanding results of the Gospel in Central the household duties she sat down and visited Africa. with the sick mother, telling her all that had been done in school that day. What a revolutionary In the final analysis the very finest results of thing it was for her to have such close contact the Gospel are to be found in the changed lives with a woman of the Batswa tribe! The Gospel and characters of the people who have been message is being exemplified in these young folks' touched by its power. It is impossible to mention lives as they daily practice actual Christian all of the splendid Christians whose lives have brotherhood. been an inspiration to others, for their number is legion. Elima Salome is a deaconess in the Lo- A Phenomenal Growth tumbe Church. Her husband, Mbomba David, is an elder. For years they have kept their Chris- Thirty-one years ago an early missionary of the tian light shining before all people. Elima is a Disciples of Christ Mission, who was leaving leader among the women and was president for a Congo to go on furlough, left one mission station, long time of the Missionary Society, which sup- Bolenge, and about two hundred Christians. To- ported an evangelist in a distant village. She is day there are six stations and over forty-two thou- a Sunday school teacher as well, giving every Sunsand Christians. In the whole of the Congo the day of her radiant personality and Christian ex- Protestant Christians and adherents number more perience to the little ones of Lotumbe. Visiting than a million. All of these, of whatever mission, the sick, sharing with others her food and her belong to one church, L'Eglise du Christ au knowledge of Christ's love, Elima Salome exempli- Congo. This forward step has meant a great deal fies what a true Christian should become. to each individual Christian, for now each one feels more closely bound to his brothers in Christ Among the graduates of the boys' boarding throughout Congoland. This union has likewise school in Bolenge in the early days was Mpoku been a challenge to the Christians to continue Enoch. Early in 1908 he became a Christian and their efforts for a more truly indigenous Church has never once wavered in his faith since that in the Congo. day. A week after his baptism he went to a dis- tant village as a school-teacher. The next year At Coquilhatville, one of the provincial capitals he returned to the mission station and learned to of the Congo, there is a splendid Protestant set type and finally became foreman of the mission Church group which is an inspiration to all be- printing shop. Later Mpoku became enamored cause of the fine way these Congo Christians are of machinery and spent several years as an enconducting the work of their church. The board gineer on river steamers. When he returned to of elders, deacons and deaconesses called as their Bolenge in 1920 he was made a deacon of the pastor Bokomboji Pierre, a graduate of the Congo church. Then while acting as foreman of the Christian Institute, who is one of the five ordained sawmill he was chosen as assistant pastor of the ministers in the Bolenge field. This church is Bolenge Church and in 1927 was ordained to the now self-supporting, and the board of elders car- ministry. While continuing his pastoral duties

he attended the Congo Christian Institute and There are many more in this fine company of graduated in 1933. Since his graduation Mpoku's Congo Christians. There is Lokofe Moses and ministry has been continually blessed. He travels his wife, Weci Marie, who are both supervising for months at a time through the back country schools in Lotumbe; there is Imbanda Joseph villages, strenthening the churches, encouraging who, although holding a government position, is the evangelists, preaching the Gospel and building finding time to build a church in a village where churches. Everywhere Mpoku Enoch goes his there was none; there is Litele Samuel, who is winsome smile, his loving character and powerful the first traveling Sunday school secretary of this words bring many of his brothers to Christ. particular group of churches; there are innumer- able others, men and women, preachers, teachers, A young school-teacher, a graduate of the nurses, carpenters, brick masons, mechanics, Congo Christian Institute, went home and began hunters, fishers and clerks who are living changed his work. Perhaps he expected to find conditions and more abundant lives because of the redeeming very different, for he wrote the following to his power of Christ's Gospel. However, these Congo white teacher: "I am weary in spirit because I Christians and their missionary leaders have a wanted to begin teaching and preaching at once. certain worry deep down in their hearts as they see the present shortage of missionary funds with r find there is no house in which I may live, no its corresponding shortage of both missionary and native leaders to guide the ever increasing numchurch in which I may preach, and no school in ber of young Christians along Christ's difficult which I may teach. Now I must start right at the path. One of Congo's proverbs is, "Bambola very beginning. I have labored in the forest itswa, ioiya, wijima." (Light the lamp, put it bringing in poles for building, and I have cut out, darkness.) The Church of Christ has lighted boards for blackboards. I can't open my school the lamp of God's love in those hearts. Is the materials for there is no place to keep them, and Church in America going to let them drift into they would soon be spoiled. How much there is darkness again for the lack of sufficient guidance to do! We write the lessons on the sand of the and counsel? Or will the Church at home supply village path." What a strong spirit that young the lamps to enlighten Africa? teacher must have! Although he is disappointed in his situation, he is going to work to do and dare for Christ whom he serves.

Into the Forests of Central Africa* What a Pioneering Trip Means to a Missionary REV. A. G. MILL and his wife have lived in his wife have held this fort. Several times a year the Upper Congo for the last twenty-six he makes long trips into the dense forests back years as respresentatives of the English of the river. In a recent letter to his sister he de- Baptist Missionaty Society.. Fifty-five years ago scribes one of these journeys: ThOl:'):las J. Comber and George Grenfell started "As you know there is no summer and no winter in Africa in the generally accepted sense of these work'on the mighty Congo. In his little steamer terms. We made preparations for our tour in June when the intense heat is tempered by the the "Peace," Grenfell explored the Congo Basin heavy rains. We had no road maps to consult and wd~ the discoverer of the great Ubangi trib- since there were no roads. We lra-d no worries about taking dress-up clothes since we would have utary.N'o;wmission .stations, not only of the no social functions to attend-no grand churches in which to worship and no high-class hotels to English Baptist Society but the Disciples of patronize. All our baggage must be carried on the bare backs of the natives and our meals found Christ, the Atnerican Presbyterian Church South, as we went through the forests. We were going back from the great river highway-back into the the Methodist,(:Episcopal Church and the Congo hinterland tribes, some of whom had never seen a white man. Balolo Mission, are working harmoniously. "My wife and r went on bicycles and the na- Mr. Mill is Ideated at a small village situated at tives on foot. Back there tucked away in the the confluence of the Lomami and Congo Rivers. jungle are people with no civilization and with- About ten years ago he asked leave to push for- ward one hundred miles and plant an outstation at Yalikina, his preseJltstation, ,He realized that this was a sttategic lotation if the peoples on the banks of the great !Lomami were ever to be reached with th~ Gospel. Single ,handed he and . t! 1 '. '" .'.

• A letter seDLly, Aofrs. Cla,ra.' Anna Sinclair, of. Caldwell, Kansas.

INTO THE FORESTS OF CENTRAL AFRICA

out knowledge of the heavenly Father. Our faith- started out, the traveling adding to the pain of ful boys led the way, carrying packages. Soon the the injured wrist. road became narrower till only a path was left. Camping for the night under our mosquito net- "On our arrival at the appointed meeting place ting, we were up bright and early the next morn- we found the doctor had not come. We waited all ing. We traveled for several hours when the that afternoon and till the next morning. Our winding trail suddenly became a steep descent. supply of provisions was exhausted by this time Not only so but the ground under us turned into and we were obliged to eat the native roasted loose sand and before long my wife was going monkey and cassava. Suddenly the steamer headlong down the incline gaining momentum at rounded the curve of the river and our hearts every turn. She was thrown forcibly from the leaped for joy. The doctor advised that my wife machine at the foot of the hill, saving herself go back with him. At my wife's request I resomewhat by throwing out her arms as she was frained from going with her, but put her on board pitehed over the handlebars. As I picked her up in the care of our best boys, and with a prayer I could see that her wrist was limp and knew my left her to be taken down river to the mission fear of a fracture to be confirmed. The pain was hospital at Yakusu, 150 miles south, while I reconsiderable. I tried my best to knit the bones traced my steps. With a lonely feeling I ate supbut was not successful. Where should I turn for per and retired, giving instructions for the mornhelp? Behind us there was no doctor for the gov- ing's march. We were plunging into dark forest ernment doctor had left for the upper river some land and soon came to the first of the isolated vildays befoJj'e. Before us there was less hope. The lages. The sight of a white man terrified the only· thing I could think of to do was to send out natives and,· my wife not being with me, made it S.O. S. messages to the government doctor by a harder to reach them. Like frightened children few trusty native carriers. they had to be coaxed out of their grass huts. God's palaver was explained to them and the chief "Off they went while our caravan waited; my passed on the message as he alone knew the trade wife in great discomfort. After five long days language. the messengers returned with the news that the doctor would meet us at a certain point on the After three months Mr. Mill returned to his river in two days. Taking two boys with us we station to find his wife recovered but with a more or less crippled hand.

AN ADVANTAGE OF THE NATIVE PREACHER The color of the preacher weighs far more with the native than we realize. Even in the .. mind of the best natives, even in the hearts of those most warmly attached to us, there is a definite though perhaps often subconscious prejudice against our color; I know of many in- stances where a message full of urgency and power has produced very little effect from the lips of a missionary while that of a native has produced immediate results. A native listen- ing to a moving and powerful address from a white man can quiet his conscience and harden his heart simply by saying, "That's all very well, that's a white man's point of view. It may .0 impress you like that but it is not what we blacks need." But when he hears a black preach with conviction, he is driven from this refuge and has to face the message on its own merits.

Again and again I have come across instances where the final link in bringing a native to Christ has been supplied by a native. He has listened to the white man for years and seemed little affected but one simple remark from a fellow native has gone home like an arrow. I would not belittle the white man's influence but it is unquestional;>le that the native evangelists have advantages over us.

Native preachers are often greatly improved and their value added to by thorough train- ing. In my experience this has been under the three headings: Bible knowledge, general knowledge, the missionary's example.-Rev. W. Singleton Fisher, in Congo Mission News.

Evangelistic Value of Medical

By ROLLA E. HOFFMAN, M.D., Meshed, Persia, On the Staff of the American Christian Hospital DURING my first years on the mission field I they have been reached? "Medical missionary was expected to draw large crowds of pa- work," said Dr. Dugald Christie, of Mukden, "is tients and friends of patients to whom our no mere adjunct to the work of preaching, but is senior clergyman could sell Scriptures and preach an essential and integral part of the work of the the Gospel. This was in the most fanatical Mos- Church." Our Presbyterian Board Manual says, lem city of Persia. The best strategy seemed to "Medical work is not merely a key to open the door be to push forward the medical work and to ac- into non-Christian communities, but is an integral company it with as aggressive preaching as the part of the missionary enterprise." people would tolerate. I was expected to draw the crowds, and the evangelistic missionary was to We have been thinking of the medical work too preach to them. He was treasurer of our little much in its relation to outsiders. We must realize hospital and I occasionally preached and led daily that its usefulness to professing Christians should prayers so that our pioneering went on happily. be no less, especially in the midst of a non-Chris- tian society. Even after fanaticism is dead, and Later the clergyman died, the medical work in- the church has become popular and men flock into creased and a second doctor was sent out. One of it and want to be known as Christians, medical our clergymen expressed the hope that instead of work will still be needed as an integral part of the taking on more patients, the medical staff would work of the church, as a continuous expression of now do more evangelistic work. Instead of that the healing love of our Lord. The new church will we find that the medical work has more than be far stronger, more practical, truer to Christ, doubled, so that now a third doctor has come. The more useful to the nation, if it grows up in close clergymen have most faithfully carried on evan- cooperation with a genuine Christian medical gelistic work in the hospital; the church has been work, which becomes more and more a part of the born and other openings for evangelistic work work of the Church. Perhaps a medical man's have thrust themselves forward. Finally we are antipathy toward doing more "evangelistic work"

advised that "the entire work of healing, both arises from holding to the old idea that it is to conphysical and spiritual, should be carried on by the sist in spending an hour or more a day reading the doctors and their assistants." Scriptures to and haranguing men, pleading with them to "flee from the wrath to come," and, since While this view may not quite represent the our time is limited, neglecting medical treatment attitude of most of our clerical missionaries, it has rather depressed me to realize that our hos- to do it! pitals are looked upon as not such alluring places We might analyze the function of medical misto work. As one of the missionaries puts it, "Given one hundred well men as against one hun- sion work, as composed of its influence upon undred sick men to preach to, I would choose the evangelized outsiders, and its influence upon the well men every time." The preaching mission- members of the church; but after all these ex- press to man the love and spirit and healing of aries' task is to build up the church and more and our Lord, and so bring them to the knowledge of more of their attention is demanded by the prob- Christ. The medical work reaches people who are lems of the growing church and the instruction of not touched by our schools or "direct" evangelistic inquiries. For the rest, the Gospel can be preached workers. They come from conservative Moslem openly through the land; the day of pioneering families, driven by pain and despair; also from has past. Yet at the meeting of medical workers the ultramodern class, who have lost faith in all some years ago in Teheran, protest was made religion. – Men who would never darken the door against the failure of our clerical brethren to ap- of a Christian school, or of a clergyman's house, propriate the .fine opportunity for evangelistic lay aside their pride and come pleading and be- work in our hospitals. seeching for that which they believe Christian doc- What is the exact purpose of our medical work? tors are able to give. It is true that they are in Is it merely a means of attracting people within spiritual need also, and no doubt doctors often range of the Gospel message, or is it useful after miss the underlying spiritual disease, and give [574 ] cascara when what the patient really needs is a with a course in chemistry; an essential part of "mental cathartic." No doubt we often fail to the course, a place where the things explained in add to our medicines the skilful spiritual touch lectures are actually carried out in life. that would remove the real cause and bring a per~ manent cure. We are apt to think too closely merely of the evangelistic effect of our medical work upon pa- For some have more sin than fever, tients; it should be looked for rather in the com- And some have more grief than pain. munity. The great spiritual value of our Lord's healing did not come to those actually healed, but God help me make whole both body and soul to the healthy who beheld the Power and Spirit of Before they go out again. what was done. Men who come to us for physical healing are not often seeking spiritual healing. We must remember that a host of Christian For this reason the work seldom yields spiritual t~rms carry to the Moslem mind a far different results in proportion to the effort expended. The meaning from what we intend. If, as we are fact that our hospitals render a valuable physical sometimes urged, we "joyfully give to them the service in the spirit of love, which requires no mamessage of eternal Life in Christ, through whom terial reward, not even gratitude, shows the peoalone they can attain to perfect harmony and ple that this is Christianity in life, and that Christ health," we shall be merely casting our pearls be~ is not a dead prophet but a living force in the fore swine, with the usual result. How will they world today. This is a very important factor in understand our earnest evangelistic appeal? The the Christianization of the land. It furnishes a man whose disease has not been entirely cured good background for the preaching of the Gospel will put us down as charlatans, trying to cover up in reading room, chapel, school and private conour inability to cure him by introducing another ferences. It softens hearts, not so much the hearts subject! Many a one who has been healed will of the physically ill as the hearts of the commusay to his friends: "Bah! Sons of dogs! These nity's healthy, thinking men. They thus come to Christians treat the sick, but why? They first see the religion of Christ as something living, cure your disease to put you under obligation to vital, essential to their own welfare. Let us emthem, then they insult you by insisting that you phasize anew our real evangelistic task. ought to turn your back on Islam and the greatest of the Prophets and join them with their corrupted Indispensable Elements and altered gospel, with its talk of three Gods, the Son of God (Who begets not, neither is begotten, There are three definite and indispensable elepraise His Name!) and other notions as ignorant ments in a hospital as "an integral part of the and ridiculous. They want to foist on us their missionary enterprise" – efficient medical treatpig~eating and wine-drinking, their immorality of ment, including good nursing; the spirit of Christ women who go about half dressed and with shame- throughout; the simple verbal explanation that less open faces, their money-worship, and denial this is Christian, that He is our strength, and that of the oneness of God !" He is to be praised and thanked rather than the doctors. Is this out of date? Not at all. This is true of many who find their first Christian contact in our With the rapid advance of Persian standards of hospitals. Any attempt to force spiritual results medical work and the passing of the pioneer stage, here results often in the enmity of the patient and we need improved equipment, better laboratories, his friends. Seed sown upon hard, impermeable better assistants; and must limit ourselves to ground will not grow. One task of our hospitals fewer patients. The standard for the hospitals of is that of ploughing, breaking up hard clods, win- Syria has recently been suggested as thirty outning confidence by deserving it. Persistently urg- patients and twenty in-patients per doctor! ing men to become Christians carries to their minds the suggestion that we are getting paid so Our hospitals must be different from the govmuch per head by our government or supporting ernment hospitals, in the Christian love manisociety. Our definite contribution is to bring men fested among ourselves and our helpers. We to the knowledge of Christ; not to persuade them must be the fathers and mothers of our helpers, to become professing Christians. and must teach them Christian principles of life and work. They must learn to serve the poor as In our treatment of professing Christians, it is well as the rich, to be careful, thorough, truthful, our task to lead them to a better knowledge of the sympathetic, clean, patient, cheerful. We need to riches of love in Christ Jesus. We must do a lot develop helpers who are not only efficient in medof teaching and explaining; but we must avoid ical technique – a formidable task in itself – but mere "proselytizing." We need more faith: hav- who will enter into the Christian spirit of the ing ploughed, and sown a little seed, we must work. From the time when a patient enters our await the harvest, not trying to force it. The hospital until he is dismissed, we must make all medical work is like the laboratory in connection contacts with him courteous, patient, Christian.

To this end some form of daily "family" prayers individuals, and the nurses would do more and is essential, when all the hospital force come to- better religious talking with the patients. gether, preferably in the morning, for a few minutes of quiet thinking and worship. Most of our Copies of the Gospels should be available for the Presbyterian hospitals in Persia do not have daily patients to read in the language they know. Often prayers of the whole staff. one man will read to a room full which may be better than for an outsider to do much reading. This is not enough. While showing men the We have found a small cupboard useful as a de- Spirit of Christ, they must be told that this is pository for the books along with various other Christianity. Otherwise this fact, so obvious to books in charge of the senior ward nurses. If the us, will not occur to them at all! Obviously, their Christians are nurses and reasonably intelligent, preconceived ideas of Christianity are not very they will explain passages as patients ask quesfavorable, else many of them would already have tions. The doctor also may occasionally explain a been Christians. Here careful definition is neces- passage. sary. Our task is not to persuade them to become professing Christians, in order to "flee from the A certain amount of social service work is wrath to come," by the magical Name of Jesus, greatly needed, and it sometimes seems that spebut they must learn that it is He who has equipped cial workers ought to be available for it. Without and empowered us for this task. In all fairness this, the medical work often fails to do quite we must give Him the praise and glory for what enough. For example, a young, illiterate daywe are able to do, as much for the sake of our own laborer suffered from a broken leg when a wall integrity as Christians as that they may thank fell on it. He was in the hospital seven weeks, Him for their cure. making a satisfactory recovery. He was well fed and nursed and heard the Gospel explained daily; As to the technique of this, opinions will differ. but he seemed depressed and apathetic. Some- We must appear frankly and openly before our thing else was needed that the hospital was unable helpers and patients as Christians. We may lead to supply. The meagre family income was suda prayer service, preach occasionally, make it a denly cut off and his wife and two children were practice to have a word of prayer before each op- destitute. When he went home he found that one eration, or in other ways reveal our dependence on of the children had died, and his wife had wan- Christ. But in praying for patients we should dered away to another city with the other child. avoid praying before them that they become He was unable to work for a week after his dis- Christians. That will spoil things and lead them charge, as the leg was stilI weak. Had his family to think that after all we are not so much inter- been relieved during his illness and had he been ested in healing their diseases as in trying to given some hand work to do to earn a little money proselytize them for the sake of the bonus that while recovering, and had he been taught to read, our government gives us. This was reported in using the Gospel of John as a textbook, he might Meshed a few years ago to be $400 a head. We have been definitely enriched instead of embittered should pray for their recovery; that the blind eye toward life. Here is a problem that frequently may be made to see, the pain and disease removed, presents itself in a land where the wolf hovers too and the heart made perfectly happy by finding near the door. What a service the Persian Church real peace. might render the community by tiding such folks over their time of need! A clergyman should be connected with each hospital, for several reasons. The teaching possi- In every station where there is medical work bilities of our hospitals have been largely lost there should be a committee on evangelistic work sight of because too much time has been given to in the hospital, consisting of the medical staff and trying to "win" men to an open profession of a man and a lady evahgelist to plan the work and faith. This teaching work is properly the task of draw the general picture. The medical workers the clergyman who should plan it and carry out should be members and attendants of the local a schedule of addresses, lantern talks, etc. He church. A clergyman and a lady evangelistic could profitably make rounds with the doctors worker should be assigned to evening work in the once a week, thus appearing before patients as hospital on a more definite schedule. The evanone in real sympathy with them. He would thus gelistic work should consist in instruction rather keep in touch with the medical work, see any of than "proselytizing," and special care should be his friends who happened to be patients, see the exercizea. to avoid injuring the sensibilities ef even Christian members of the staff at work, and keep the most fanatieal patients or their friends. The the evangelistic side of the work regularly before whole missionary effort should be directed toward .the doctor's mind. He should also stand ready to making the medical work genuinely and wholly talk with any who ask for him. The doctor would Christian, in spirit and in fact, an "integral part have occasional suggestions to make about certain of the missionary enterprise," and a part of the coming Christian society in Persia.

Are Jews! *

The Challenge of American Jewry to the Church By the REV. JOHN STUART CONNING, Secretary of Jewish Evangelization, Board of National Missions "WHY, they're Jews!" was the astonished What America Means to the Jews exclamation of an urban pastor when re- America, however, has spelled more than oppor- tunity to the Jew; it has signified a new environ- minded that he had probably several ment and all the things that go with it-adapta- tion, modification, change. Things are not as they hundred members of the race of Jesus living in were among the Jews. The traditional Jewish life of Eastern Europe has gone beyond recall. Under his parish to whom he might be spiritually help- the constant pressure of American industrial and commercial life, traditional Jewish customs are ful. Another pastor,. in response to the same re- generally disregarded, while the acceptance of modern scientific and philosophical concepts has Tmhineydegr~ said: "We have no contact with Jews. robbed the ancient faith of its sanctions. The their way and we go ours." A third re- Saturday Sabbath no longer dominates Jewish communities. The dietary laws are less and less plied: "Really, I 'have never thought of that!" rigidly observed. Inter-marriage is on the in- crease. And what is giving Jewish leaders grave And this last reply is doubtless the reason so many concern is the disspiriting drift from the syna- gogue. Rabbi Goldenson, of Temple Emanu-el, pastors and churches are not Jew-conscious and New York City, recently expressed his disappoint- ment that in a city with two million Jews, not have not sought to share with their Jewish neigh- more than fifty thousand were in regular attend- ance at synagogue services. bors the spirit and faith of Jesus as Saviour and Side by side with these trends away from the Lord. And this is the reason also why there has ancient Jewish heritage and the decline of the old reverences there has been observable in many grown up in this country a Jewish situation that areas of Jewish life a real yearning and search for spiritual satisfaction. The Jew today is openchallenges the best thought and statesmanship minded as he has not been for generations. He will listen to anyone who offers surcease from perthat the Church can command. sonal or social ills. Christian Science has won so large a Jewish following that a movement within The situation has grown upon us so gradually. Judaism called "Jewish Science" has been devised to stay the drift. Socialism with its doctrine of The few thousand Jews in America at the middle human brotherhood and practice of social equality has enlisted in its ranks tens of thous'ands of of the last century have increased through immi- young Jewish working people. Every modern cult has a Jewish following. gration, mainly from Eastern Europe, until ~o~ay Christianity, too, has its chance. There is a we have in the United States nearly five mllhon spirit of inquiry among Jews which is leading them by thousands to read the New Testament, Jews, about one-third of all the Jews in the world. visit Christian churches, listen to sermons over the radio and give consideration to the claims of New York, with its two million Jews, is the larg- Christianity. There is an encouraging response of Jews to the Gospel when presented with symest center of Jewish life known to history, while pathy and understanding. The neighborhood house approach has been found particularly ef- Chicago has more Jews than Warsaw, and Phila- delphia than Vienna or Kiev. And here the Jews have prospered phenomenally. They have taken commercial and educational advantages to the full and have come to the fore in many de- partments of our American life. The clothing, jewelry, tobacco and other industries are largely in their hands. Their influence is felt in the pro- fessions, in law, medicine, education, journalism, art, literature, wherever the call of opportunity appeals to their eager, restless spirit. The amuse- ment business, as represented by the theater, mov- ing picture, and radio are largely controlled by Jews. And when we look at our public life and think of such names as Lehman, Morgenthau, Brandeis or Cordozo, we realize the high place occupied by Jews in national affairs. We have here not only the largest Jewry in the world, but the most influential. What happens to the Jews in America will effect every Jewry on the globe. Is not this a challenge to the Church?

• From The Presbyterian, Philadelphia. fective. When Jews are dealt with as friends and [577 ]

neighbors with whom it is a privilege to share the way of Pharaoh and Haman, of deTorquemada through the fellowship of daily association the and Pobyedonostev. But it is not the Christian Good News concerning God's love in Jesus Christ, way. His Son, there are spiritual results that gladden the hearts of all who are concerned for the re- The challenge to the Church is clear. Christians demption of Israel. Not only rabbis and orthodox must rebuke racial prejudice and create Christian Jews, but atheists, radical socialists, and commu- attitudes toward the Jewish people. We have in nists have come under the spell of Jesus Christ our hands the key for the solution of the Jewish and have yielded their lives to Him as Saviour problem. It fits every ward of the complicated and Lord. lock. We possess a Gospel, born of infinite love for all mankind, which can subdue prejudice and The First Hebrew Christian Church, of Chi- ill will and conquer all aversions and hatreds. To cago, organized last year, is a demonstration of apply that Gospel to the healing of the world's the fact that Jews can be reached with the Gospel sorrows is the task of the Church. It must be and that they are willing to share in the extension applied to the healing of the age-long sorrows of of the cause of Christ, not only among their own the Jew. The place to begin is in the Church itpeople, but throughout the world. The minister, self. Little progress can be made in commending officers and members of this church are all Jews, the faith of Christ to His own people if those who as are the officers and teachers of the Sunday are its witnesses deny its fundamental ethic. school. Each individual has come into the church through a definite religious experience and can This is a time of crisis for the Jew. It is a time bear personal testimony to the reality of the faith of testing for the Church. If the Church awakes he has confessed. to its unparalleled opportunity a work may be done here in America for Christ's own people far There are many pastors who have discovered transcending anything that has been attempted that Jews are not only approachable, but respon- since the days of the Apostles. sive to the claims of Christ when presented with a loving heart. More than two thousand mem- "BY HAND PICKING" bers of the Hebrew race are now connected with the Presbyterian Church as ministers, mission- There is much significance in these sentences aries, church officers, and members, loyal in her from Bishop John M. Springer's account, in The service and generous in the support of her work Christian Advocate, of recent widespread converat home and abroad. The fact that there are sions in Africa: over 3,300 Presbyterian churches alone that are located in places where there are Jews, and have "All we students at the theological seminary the opportunity to render them service, calls us recently went to Maranke for ten days, and there to accept this God-given opportunity to share we had a wonderful time in our camp meeting," with our Jewish neighbors, as with other unevan- Demas Chama, of the Congo, student at Old Umgelized people, the Gospel of divine love, God's tali, Rhodesia, wrote me recently. answer to the cry of every human heart. Demas continues: "Then we went to Gandan- Not the least part of the challenge that comes zara, where we had another chance, and spent ten to the Church in relation to the Jewish people is days preaching to them the word of life and the the rising tide of anti-semitism in America. Hith- everlasting Kingdom. . . . We all came closely to erto, this country has been singularly free from Jesus, our Saviour; the people numbered 2,500. organized anti-Jewish movements. What little we have had has been short-lived. Prejudice has ex- r saw an old woman stand up and begin to preach, isted, but has found little expression beyond the utterances of individuals. Now, however, anti- and another old man did the same, till all the semitism has become a menace, not only to Jews, camp meeting became on fire for God the Father but to American ideals and the peace and harmony of all nations. There were three great chiefs, of our people. Jew hatred that has spread its Gandanzara, Mukahanana, and Chikuruwo. These blight over Germany, Poland, and other Euro- Christian chiefs stood and said that their feelings pean countries has made its appearance in our were no more as great men we call chiefs, but as own land. Nazi propaganda has planted its cells the servants of Jesus Christ." … in many American cities. Other anti-semitic movements bear the brand, "Made in America." It is During the past five years, in spite of the wholesaid that no fewer than six hundred centers of sale depression which the French more aptly call .anti-Jewish, propaganda exist to foster prejudice :;tgainst the Jews and impose upon them racial a La Crise, there has been what might· well be 'disabilities. It is the old, old way of meeting the Jewish problem, the way of hatred and oppression, termed "mass movement" of converts to ·Christ in all of our African Conferences. But it has come about in the natural way prescribed by our Lord: the going out by the converts to tell the good news to others. This great harvest has not been brought about by a windfall but by hand picking.

Catholic Activity I•n Pagan

I By KENNETH G. GRUBB, Survey Department, The World Dominion Press, London -··~t I ~========================~ THE Roman Catholic Church has been giving in the Belgian Congo, speaking reeently at Leo- constantly increasing attention to missionary poldville, said: expansion. The Church is no longer content to remain within traditional bounds, if she has The Catholic Church is not Belgian, or French, Eng- lish, Italian or American; it is Catholic; Belgian in Bel- ever been. The passing of centuries has witnessed gium, French in France, Italian in Italy…. In the Congo the stay of the advance of Islam in Europe. The it must be Congolese; in the construction of sacred ediweakness of the (Greek) Orthodox Church has fices, in the manufacture of objects for use in liturgical long been apparent. The Protestant churches functions, lines and colors and all the elements of Congo- lese art must be scrupulously observed. . . . When the have been hampered by the catastrophe of the natives are in church they must not feel that they are in World War and the limitation imposed upon Ger- a strange house; they must feel that they are in their own man missions for economic and political reasons. church.

The chaos of the times has thrown into strong The year 1936 marks the tenth anniversary of relief those advantages which accrue to central- the publication of the encyclical Rerum Ecclesiae,: ized control, while concealing the disadvantages. in which world-wide evangelization was stressed, Under these circumstances the Roman Catholic with special emphasis on the training of native· Church in recent years has rightly seen an un- clergy and a general "indigenous" policy.

precedented opportunity for expansion. The The Propaganda controls considerable financial whole administrative machinery of the Vatican, resources. The financial settlement which was a headed by the Pope, is known as the curia, the part of the Lateran Treaty in 1929 between the highest body of which is the College of Cardinals. Italian State and the Vatican involved the pay- The political affairs of the curia are handled by a ment to the latter of about $87,000,000, and it is Cardinal Seeretary of State, and the spiritual af- understood that the greater part of this is to be fairs by eleven congregations or councils. One of devoted to missions. As Catholic clergy areceli- the latter is the Congregation de Propaganda bate the expense on personnel is relatively light.

Fide, known as the Propaganda. It was organ- Extraordinary efforts have been made to arouse ized in the seventeenth century, reorganized in the interest of the faithful in the cause and thus 1908, and is the missionary arm of the Church. to gain their support. The union of clergy on It meets twice a month and has charge of those behalf of missions has been recommended in the regions where the hierarchy is not established. most authoritative quarters, and regional con- Its auxiliaries, or mobile forces, are the various gresses are held to concentrate attention on the religious orders, and it has its own funds. appeal and the opportunity. Along with "Catholic The first advantage possessed by Roman Cath- Action," the mission field has been the cause olic missions is unity of control or direction, in- which has most often been kept before the troducing co-ordination into the work of the re- Church.

ligious orders which otherwise would consume These considerations naturally constitute a their energies in mutual jealousies. It is quite background to all Roman Catholic expansion in possible that a certain amount of flexibility and the mission fields of the world. In reeent years spontaneous spiritual impulse is lost through this especial attention has been given to Central unity of direction, but its advantages must be ad- Africa. Of the funds which the Propaganda con- mitted. Not the least of these has been that the troIs about one-quarter has been devoted to Africa well-known missionary interest of the present -equal to the amount allocated to China, and Pope has been reflected in an increase of activity. twice that given to India.

The Roman Catholic Church is also following The expansion of Roman Catholicism in Cen- a policy of "nationalization" designed to harmo- tral Africa has been great, although it would be a nize the development of the Church with the cul- mistake to exaggerate it. It is helped by certain ture and outlook of each land. A number of in- powerful factors in the political situation. In digenous bishops have been consecrated, although British Africa the Roman Catholic missions are not, as yet, an African. The Apostolic Delegate on the same footing as other religious bodies; [579 ]

they receive, for example, educational grants-in- frequent. But Protestanism rarely benefits to aid, provided their schools reach the requisite any great extent from a political hostility which standard of efficiency. Their standing before the is directed primarily against the Catholic Church.

law is the same as that of Protestant missions; Governments should treat all churches alike under they are treated with s.crupulous fairness and a legislation which is really intended only to re- impartiality by administrative officers; and it strain offenders. If, therefore, Protestants do not should also be added that the fact of the Anglican suffer from political pressure on the accusation of Church being an established Church in England "denationalization," they are apt to be ground brings no appreciable advantage to Protestant between the nationalist policy of governments and missions. No discrimination is made against mis- the interests of the dominant Church which are sionaries of any religion on the ground of their opposed to it.

nationality, now that the postwar restrictions Italian Africa against German missionaries have been removed. In January, 1936, the departure of the last of the Swedish missionaries from Eritrea was an- It is unfortunate that, in the colonies of powers nounced. Their home going was undoubtedly acwhose religious traditions have been molded by celerated by the international situation; but for the Papacy, the same fair treatment has not al- many years it had been clear that, unless the sitways been given to Protestant missions. Roman uation changed, the work would be closed. The Catholic spokesmen have sedulously inculcated the Swedish Mission was founded in 1865, before idea, in season and out of season, that Catholicism Eritrea had come under Italian control. The early is the hallmark of good citizenship; and that, as Italian governors viewed the mission with favor a consequence, not to be a Catholic is to fail in and benevolence. A church with a Christian comloyalty to the State. Telling examples of this in- munity of some ten thousand souls was built up; sidious propaganda are given below. Thus Prot- a notable literary activity was developed, to which estant missions are attacked on the grounds that the native Christians made a solid spiritual and they "denationalize" the native, and pressure is intellectual contribution; and a chain of schools exerted to compel local administrations to impose was established. But these very activities, linhampering conditions on their activities.

Moreover, the colonial policies of Great Britain guistic and educational, provoked official hostility.

and of the Latin nations are different in their gen- They were precisely the activities which, from eral outlook. The "Dual Mandate" fostered by one point of view, hindered national assimilation, Britain in Africa, and so successfully tried out in placing membership in the Kingdom of God above Nigeria, provides for a proper recognition of the' that in the Kingdom of Italy. About 1917 the constructive ideas in native social customs, and Italian attitude to Protestant missions changed; encourages the use of native languages when they missionaries on furlough could not return and are widespread and obviously of general utility. new recruits were not admitted. The Italian The policy of assimilation followed by most Latin Franciscans were able to strengthen their staff, governments, notably the French, Italian and and Roman Catholic propaganda increased.

Portuguese, is inimical to the perpetuation of Portuguese Africa tribal identity, and seeks to supplant native cus- toms and languages by those of the colonizing For a long time a systematic attempt has been power. Protestantism, with its emphasis on the made in both Portugal and its African colonies Word of God, has tended in its mission work to to discredit Protestant missions. The Angola make much use of the presentation of Christian press, especially in Luanda, is constantly publish- truth in the natural language of the people. The ing articles setting forth the necessity of Catholi- result is that Protestant missions in the colonies cizing the colony. Statements, manifestly devoid of "Latin" nations are open to a double attack. of foundation, are continually made in Portugal The Roman Church attacks them on the ground to the detriment of Protestant missions, and the that Catholicism best ministers to the religious widespread medical, educational, social and evan- and cultural traditions of the State; political gelistic work done by the Protestant missions is pressure is apt also to bear adversely on them on completely ignored. Here is a recent example.

the ground that they are instruments of "dena- At a pub.Iic meeting on colonial questions, on Feb- tionalization." When, therefore, the interests of ruary 20 of this year at the Geographical Society Catholicism can be made to agree, if only tempo- of Lisbon, which was reported at length in the rarily, with those of nationalism, as in Portugal papers; the lecturer opened by quoting the Min- today, Protestant missions are faced with a grave ister of Colonies in 1935 to the effect that Prot- issue. Nationalism, however, is fundamentally in- estant missions were working against Portugal, compatible with the ideals of Roman Catholicism, whereas the pupils of the Catholic schools of Ben- and clashes between the Church and State are guela were proud to repeat, "Weare Catholics and

ROMAN CATHOLIC ACTIVITY IN PAGAN AFRICA

'Catholic' is synonymous with 'Portuguese.'''* Christ. On the outcome of this struggle will de- This kind of thing could be multiplied indefinitely, pend the type of Christianity which is to prevail with examples from both the East and West Afri- in this great area of Central Africa.

can possessions of Portugal. In 1934 121,109 adults were reported baptized Roman Catholic baptisms in Angola numbered in Catholic missions. There are 805 foreign and 43,000 in 1934, and the number of adherents is 37 native priests, in addition to numbers of lay put at 425,000. The figure of 291,000 was given brethren and sisters. The total missionary force in 1931. If these figures are accurate, it is evi- already numbers over 2,000. From one boat dent that a notable increase has taken place. The which arrived at Matadi in November, 1935, 80 prelature of Mozambique, which owing to special disembarked, representing 19 orders. Over 1,200 circumstances does not depend on the Propa- young native men are in training for the priest- ganda, but on the Congregation of Extraordinary hood. Pupils in Catholic schools number 454,969.

Foreign Affairs, reports only 9,250 Catholics in Ruanda Urundi is mandated territory, where 1932. The subsidy of approximately £40,000 is conditions are somewhat different. Article 8 of given to Roman Catholic missions in Angola, with the Mandate binds the mandatary to ensure "comprivileges, such as workers' exemption from cus- plete freedom of conscience and the free exercise toms dues and hut taxes. No subsidies are given of all forms of worship which are consonant with Protestant bodies. public order and morality." There has been some Belgian Africa controversy over the nature of the rights thus guaranteed, and the question was recently raised The difficulties of the last few years in the at the Permanent Mandates Commission in Ge- Congo have received much attention, but the pres- neva. The Governor-general of the Congo has ent Governor has shown himself well disposed to decided on a policy which should insure to Prot- maintain the provisions of the Colonial Charter estants the liberty to which they have a clear title.

and the Convention of St. Germain-en-Laye, guar- Spanish and French Africa anteeing freedom of conscience and the free exer- cise of all forms of religion. In recent years The trend of events "in this limited sphere illusgrave cases of abuse have occurred, whereby trates the other tendency, namely, the determina- Protestant natives have been subjected to unfair treatment, and even physical violence. But the tion of the government to limit some of the pre- tensions of Roman Catholic missions. A o.ecree real question has been educational. The situation was issued in 1935 in Madrid which has also limis peculiar in the Congo inasmuch as all education ited the activities of some of the Protestant misis left in the hands of missions. There has been sionaries. But as some of these questions are now no legislation against Protestant schools, but no being considered, it is not wise to discuss them government grants have been available for them, and few, if any, government posts have been open in print. to their graduates. The educational system set up in 1927 recognizes. only "national," which in There is evidence to show that, although in cerpractice means Roman Catholic, schools, and con- tain regions of French Africa the Roman Catholic fines all government eoucation to Roman Catholic Church is making great efforts, its success will teaching orders. Any capitulation to the threat depend on the legitimate use of its own energies contained in this situation on the part of Prot- and resources. If local authorities show bias, or estants would have the effect of leaving all educa- favoritism, this is generally due to local circumtion in the hands of the Roman Catholic missions. stances, and receives censure rather than en- dorsement from higher officials and from the colonial ministry when the circumstances are ex- The Annuaire des Missions Catholiques au plained. Nevertheless, perhaps in. no part of Congo Belge states that Catholics in the Belgian Africa is it so necessary that missionaries should Congo and Ruanda Urundi now number 1,232,018, have an adequate knowledge of the language of and catechumens 1,032,660, making a total of over the governing power, and a proper acquaintance two and a quarter millions. In another article in with the colonial traditions which have molded this report it is shown that there are about a mil- French policy in Africa. For this reason all mislion Protestants in the Congo; three and a quar- sionaries are advised to study in Paris, if possible ter million Christians therefore exist in the region for two years, and certainly not for less than six today, among a population of some fourteen mil- months. A more detailed discussion of consideralions. Ten and three-quarter millions are still tions which affect all intending missionaries and in paganism, and the struggle which lies ahead all secretaries and board members of missions will be an effort to bring to these spiritual life in which carry responsibilities in French territory • As reported in the Diario de Noticias. Lisbon, February 21, may be found in a paper by M. Leenhardt, of 1'936. Paris, Initiation des Missions Etrangeres en

Colonie Fran~aises. The essential points raised ture will lie in one or other of these directions. by M. Leenhardt are being set out in the review, This article should not be construed as a po- World Dominion. lemic against the Roman Church. That Church Although we may consider that Catholicization has every right to use all the legitimate means is a superficial form of evangelization, and is, within her power to advance her cause and the therefore, of little importance to us, its impor- Christianization of pagan peoples. But it is evitance arises precisely from its superficiality. The dent that the Protestant and Catholic communions point at issue is, whether we shall regard the hold ideas of liberty and tolerance which differ in evangelization of Central Africa as that of a theory and clash in practice. Further, to the expagan people whose grosser superstitions are tent to which modern governments are influenced bound in any case to disappear; or must we, in by these ideas, to that extent do they embody a years to come, contemplate a Catholic-pagan pop- broad-minded or a narrow policy in colonial legulation and expect either a Reformation such as islation. It may yet prove possible to resolve Europe experienced in the sixteenth century, or some of these differences in a spirit of Christian the type of evangelization that now characterizes charity. In the long run, however, it is as well Latin America or southern Europe. If we con- to remember that Christian love alone can claim sent to the present rapid spread of Roman irresistible power; without it the attempt to move Catholicism in Africa the prospects of the fu- mountains by faith is but wasted labor.

What Christ Has Done for Banyankole ANKOLE is only a small district of the Uganda who still follow that custom, but there are many .r. Protectorate, and the writer belongs to this Christian men having each but one wife who are living pure lives. Children who used to grow up country. The Banyankole, the inhabitants in their heathen homes and so learned all the evil of this district, are divided into two tribes: Aba- of such homes are now taken to school and are hima, the cattle-people, and Abairn, agricultur- taught about Christ and His love. ists. The former is the ruling tribe. To estimate what.Christ has done and is doing for my people, As already stated, Ankole is only a small dis- I must touch nearly every department of their trict of Uganda Protectorate, and there are many lives, and compare it with the pre-Christian state such districts in Uganda. There used to be conof things. The government used to be despotic. tinual wars and disputes between the various dis- The king had all power in his hands, and had some tricts, and even among the people of the same chiefs under him. Most of the kings were cruel district. The Abahima despised the Abairn and tyrants, and the chiefs who ruled under them were could not even eat with them. Now the love of very much influenced by their king in the way Christ has been shed in their hearts and the wars, they treated their people. One is likely to at- disputes and all other things which separated peotribute the good government of the country, since ple are ceasing. I am writing this article while Christianity came, and the peace and satisfaction on a mission of preaching the Gospel with a team in the people's hearts only to the British govern- of friends, some of whom have traveled over three ment. There is much truth in that view, but it is hundred miles, and the team is made up from difnot the whole truth. I know that the rulers have ferent tribes, a thing which my father some forty feelings of their own, influenced by their belief in years ago would not have dreamed of. Christ. Now there is still a king who rules the country, but not despotically, and he and the chiefs Several things are greatly needed for winning are quite different from their predecessors. There Africa for Christ. We need keen missionaries, are many chiefs who are honest, truthful and just, men and women who are out and out for Christ and who sympathize with their poor people. and the Africans. We need money to help with the work. People have not yet learned to give as The next thing to consider is the religion of the they ought, and in many of the districts of people. In olden days they worshiped the evil Uganda- people are very poor. But I think the spirits and the spirits of their ancestors, and were greatest need is to get Africans who are really very superstitious. Today there are thousands who converted and on fire for winning their brother have become Christians, and to these the time of and sister Africans to Christ. These would know spirit worship and superstition has passed. the difficulties of their' people, and they could deal with them and show them how they themselves In home life Christ has done and is doing much have been helped to conquer those same difficulties. for the people. Men used to have several wives, and even today there are many of the Christians REV. ERICA SABITI, Ankole, Uganda.

I Am a

By FLORENCE WALNE, Shimonoseki, Japan T o STAND at a crossing where all the road- full measure of the skepticism which has this peo- ways of the world come together to follow ple in its grip; a meeting of mothers who have them with the mind to those far corners to no conception of the meaning of a home with God which they lead-across the shining waterways in it (though gods they may have a-plenty!); an of the earth-to lands unseen and peoples unmet: organization of young girls so apt to go adrift to know, somehow, that one of those roads is with nothing by which to steer their course. I yours; to definitely set your face in the direction stand before them with the Bible in my hand- in which it goes; to companion by the way with mine the privilege, mine the sacred duty, mine Him who said, "Let us cross to the other side," the high honor of interpreting the Message of all and to find at the end that one service you were men's Father to these His children who know Him put here to find I-Who but a foreign missionary not. Mine the Bread of Life to give, mine the Liv- can know what it is like and what foreign mis- ing Water, mine the Abundant Life which comes sionary can really tell anyone about it? with the possession of Christ. Like Frederic My- "Why do you do it?" an English neighbor in ers' Paul, Shimonoseki (Japan) used frequently to ask me. Then, with a rush, the intolerable craving The question was accompanied by a deeply puz- Shivers throughout me like a trumpet call, zled look which indicated the sincerity of the ques- and the desire to give them something, something, tioner's desire to know. She was a former actress before they go away-some of them never to reon the London stage, whose life had held no place turn-amounts to a passion terrific and exhaustfor religion in any form, and in Japan only be- ing. cause her husband was in business here, chafing constantly at the necessity which kept her in this And how could I tell of that joy,-surpassing part of the world. My being here as a matter of other joys in depth and solemnity-which comes deliberate choice was something utterly beyond with the knowledge that God has let me lead one her grasp; how could I tell her so that she could of His seeking children to where He might be understand? That understanding in some meas- found. The illuminating effect, in one's own spirure, did come to her, as she told me in a letter after itual life, of such an expe~ience is beyond the moving to another town. "I went to a reception power of words to convey. I never felt this more recently," she wrote, "and met only one woman strongly than when one of our loveliest girls died, whose face attracted me. I was not surprised a little over a year ago, very soon after she had when I learned that she was the only missionary found Christ.

present that night. I think that before I left Until a few short months before she died, Shimonoseki I got a glimmer of why you are over The Christ to her was all unknown. here and why you are happy to be here and no But she made such haste to open wide where else." How that glimmer reached her I do Her heart, and sweep it clean of faiths outgrownnot know, for truly one does not, cannot, speak Legacies of a pagan age, far past and dim, of the great forces which wrestle with one's soul Of quests for the truth her forbears sought to knowwhen once the hand of God has fallen upon it. And give all its generous room to Him, Whose beauty in that first hour filled her so. There is the silence of a spiritual crisis, That when (so soon it seemed to us) there came Through which your soul, exquisitely tortured, That last great call from Him-to leave all on earth Comes with visions not to be uttered And earth itself-it was with just that same Sweet readiness, that quick response to worth Into a realm of higher life. Revealed in Him-the Bridgegroom of the soul- That she obeyed. And tired young body all forgot, How could I, for instance, ever communicate Pain all forgot, in garments, shining, whole, that feeling which comes over me with a rush Bride-like, her spirit went to Him, tarrying not.

some ntiomnebse1wl· ehveenrsI -satacn1dasbsefoofreyoaugnrgoumpeno,f Japa- While I, who on a darkened way nese eager Sought to give a fellow-traveler light, and thoughtful regarding life, but endowed with a Sharing the strength of my own dim ray, [583 ]

Find the road grown luminous and bright ,happy, beyond words, that it led me to Japan. I With a radiancy which far outshone have found, I know beyond all doubt, my service My own! here. The sense of belonging is so complete and satisfying. There is no question of sacrifice. That Not that a missionary is a constant dweller on would come in having to go away, leaving my task unfinished. To retrace one's steps over one's road, rarified spiritual heights! I wonder if it is possi- away from "that one service" in which one found so much joy-that would be a sacrifice which I ble to imagine blacker des-pair than I have known pray may not be asked of me.

in hours of questioning my fitness for the task to When Time's little day has slipped away into the shadows of a forever-closed past-when the which I am committed? I heard Dr. Speer say, endless Tomorrow has dawned for souls at home with the Father, I fancy that a large company at a Student Volunteer Convention many years will gather about the Master, and, just as the dis- ciples did on their return from missions upon ago, that a missionary's preparation for his work which He had sent them, they will tell Him, each one, of what happened on the one road each had consists in getting possession of the Gospel Mes- taken, of what each had seen, and felt, and said, and done! How free then will be the talk-of forsage. (1) In his mind, "he must know what he is est trails and lonely huts in Africa, and of black men joining the "Tribe of God"; of how India's to say and be clear that he believes it, for the day many faiths and creeds gave way before "The Christ of the Indian Road"; of how China broke will come when he will stand with it,all alone, through a fog of bewilderment and uncertainty, superstition and strife, to the light shed by the speaking to men who are absolutely secure in their personality of the Prince of Peace; of how all the many "systems" in Japan-the social and indusposition of challenge and of doubt." (2) In his trial, educational and religious, bec'ame permeated with the spirit and thought of Jesus; of how He life, ". . . for the people to whom he goes can- was made to walk again in Bible lands, under- stood, received and adored; and so on around the not see a Christ who is not incarnated for them." world which God so loved that He gave His Son to save. How easy it will be then to break the Doubt as to whether one has the first of these silence of years and how sweet the understanding and fellowship! I would rather have a seat in two qualifications may, perchance, never trouble that gathering of "returned missionaries" than a throne in the greatest kingdom on earth! one, but how often the doubt as to whether one "PRAY ONE FOR ANOTHER" can lay claim to the second requirement brings JAMES 5: 16 on sleepless nights and hours of agony! If we I cannot tell why there should come to me missionaries were only more completely in pos- A thought of someone miles and miles away, session of the Message in our lives, the peoples of In swift insistence on the memory- Unless there be a need that I should pray. these lands to which we have come would not be Too hurried oft are we to spare a thought, so long in opening their hearts to receive the For days together, of some friend away, Christ whom we preach and then deny! Perhaps God does it for us, and we ought To read His signal as a call to pray. Another difficult but, to my mind, very essen- Perhaps, just then, my friend has fiercer fight, tial thing in a missionary is the ability to give his Some overwhelming sorrow or decay life to the people and to the particular task to Of courage; darkness, some lost sense of right; And so, in case he needs my help, I pray. whom and to which it has been dedicated and, at Friend, do the same for me! If I, unsought, the same time, keep a place in his heart for fields Intrude upon you, on some crowded day, and phases of missionary endeavor other than his Give me a moment's prayer, in passing thought, Be very sure I need .it: therefore, pray. own. A missionary should be the most broad- MARIANNE F ARNINGHAM. minded, the biggest-hearted, the most widely and deeply sympathetic man on God's earth. How can a true missionary be otherwise? The missionary vision must necessarily include a world won for Christ. The Master's thoughts were never only for those to whom He happened to be ministering at any particular time, but "other sheep have I which are not of this cfaorled,"trHemeesnadi~dusalnYd embraced all in His love. To about the world, even as P·aul, and Livingstone, and other great missionary souls have done! "Read your home letters first," said Stanley. "You must be impatien.t for them." "Oh," said Livingstone, "I have waIted for years for letters. I can wait a few hours longer. No, tell me first, how's the world getting on?"

Forbes Robinson, in his Letters, s'ays that his father on his death bed cried, "If I had a thousand lives to give I would give them all all to the min- istry!" If I had a thousand lives to give I believe I would want to give them all to missionary work for Christ. But since I have only the one, and so could follow only one of the many roads, I am

Christ Found Me in

The Story of Ajitadass, Translated by MASON OLCOTT, Vellore I WAS born a Jain in Banyan Village, six miles shady place where with great joy I prayed, was from Tindivanam, South Arcot District. My quiet and read my Bible. I carried my school family are the strictest of vegetarians, eating textbooks outside of my Bible and used to read no meat, eggs, onions or radishes. They never eat them when anyone came near. During the year I after dark and strain all they drink, so as not to used to walk every Sunday to attend the mission kill any animal life, however small. They gave church, six miles each way. I made no distinction me the name Ajitadass, Servant of Ajita, the Un- in my treatment of Untouchables and was deconquerable, the second of the great Jain saints. spised for doing this.

I was scrupulous in performing all my religious The following June I was allowed by my family duties. to return to Tindivanam and went regularly to Up to the third class I studied in the Banyan church. One Sunday I decided to remove my Village school. Then I was sent to live in the Jain caste mark and sacred thread; even when the Dis- Hostel at Tindivanam where we learned Sanskrit trict Educational Officer came to our hostel, I reand studied the sacred books of my religion. At fused to wear a caste mark. For this the J ains that time I joined the Arcot Mission High School. troubled me. Once I returned late from a Chris- I now rejoice that I had this chance to study Eng- tian meeting and ate food after dark, for which lish and hear of Christ. But for years it was only I was severely reprimanded by the hostel superin.. out of compulsion that I studied the Bible. One tendent. Cast out by my own people, I went to day when I made up my own verses and pretended live with a Christian teacher. The Jains tried to they were from the Bible, I was severely punished put me to shame but I took courage to read the because I had failed to study Christ's words. Bible in their presence. I failed in my college entrance examination partly because of severe iB- When I was in fifth form, my Bible teacher was ness from typhoid fever two months earlier. I Mr. Sundaram, the Headmaster. At 11 o'clock on went to Madras where I completed my eighteenth the morning of September 24, 1932-1 was fifteen year and the next few months were spent at Katyears old, and I remember the time since it was padi and Chittoor. Then I wrote a long letter to the turning point of my life-he told us how Jesus my family explaining why I had confessed faith was scourged 39 times, was spat upon, tortured with· a crown of thorns and nailed to the cross. in Christ. He also read Isaiah 53: 4-7; "He was wounded In September, 1935, Mr. Archibald's Gospel adfor our transgressions. . . . By His stripes we are healed. . . . When he was afflicted, He opened dresses in Vellore made me want to hear further, not his mouth." so I went to Trichinopoly. Missing the train and being delayed, for two days I went without food; When I heard this, tears came to my eyes and but Christ sustained me and gave me peace. On my heart was deeply stirred. Without speaking to hearing Mr. Archibald speak on Jesus shedding anyone, I returned to the Hostel stunned, not his blood to give us the Water of Life, my heart knowing what to do. As I read frOom the Bible, was broken and I found fuller peace and joy. This peace came to my mind. I spent so much time on was the second great change in my life.

the Bible that I neglected my other lessons, about Later, going to Madl'as, I preached Christ to the which the Headmaster warned me. Two mOonths despised and neglected, going to the Outcaste later I went secretly to him and said that I wanted quarter with Christian friends. Hindus started to become a Christian. He replied, "You are only to insult and stone us, and I underwent other per- 15. Wait for three years until legally yOou can secutions, having my box, some books and my make your own decision. Then we shall see. In Bible fOorcibly taken from me. A preacher sent the meantime, don't tell anyone." Before I was me to Chittoor by a roundabout way and there I 18, Mr. Sundaram had died. Gradually the Jain coached some Christian young men in the songs religion lost its hold Oon me. Many noticed this for a Christmas drama at Katpadi, and gave a but of the inner change of faith they did not know. kalatchebam (songs and explanation) on "The . The next school year, my uncle took me from Other Wise Man." Thank God for giving me His Tindivanam High School to shield me from Chris- joy, courage and power of speech.

tian influence. But every day I used to go to a In January, 1936, false charges were brought [ 5851

against me but I opened my Bible and read the to identify the guilty person and their description words, "The Lord is my light and my salvation, did not at all fit me. Because of the delay in my whom shall I fear?" Several police officials came reaching Trichy the end of October, I had not to the house to take me in a car to the police sta- been there when the forgery was committed. tion. Before leaving, I prayed in their presence. Thus God guided me and delivered me from these They accused me of having obtained Ros. 250 on false charges. false pretenses from a Jain abbot and of having forged a police inspector's signature. They asked Going to the Bible Training Centre of the Interme to admit this crime and promised that, if I did Varsity Fellowship in Madras, I awoke at 4: 30 so, my uncle would come to my rescue and pay the one morning for my devotions, and was in the money. I asserted my innocence and when they courtyard when two rowdies broke in and put a asked me to go back to the Jain religion, I an- cloth round my neck. I said, "If you do me no swered that I had come to Christ trusting Him, further harm, I shall go with you." They covered and would not leave Him, even at the risk of my face and' put me in a jutka and took me death. They kept me locked up from 4 p. m. on through the streets for two hours. When day beone day until 10 p. m. of the next, asking me many gan to dawn they took me out and walked by my questions, mostly about my personal life, to which side. When two motors passed, the men crossed I answered nothing. I spent my time reading the the road, and I was able to escape from them. I Bible and praying. There were no bounds to my stayed in a mango orchard until noon and finally joy, for like Paul I was considered worthy to suf- was sent back to the Training Centre. Next year fer for Christ. Men came later from Trichinopoly my hope is to study the Word of God, for I have learned that He alone is the Unconquerable.

Wanted, a Demonstration of Unity By REV. JOHN J. BANNINGA, D.D.

M.issionary of the American Board, Pasumalai, South India T HE Church of Christ throughout the world should have churches expressing their faith in desperately needs an actual demonstration of Chr,ist in their own national ways. what union in spirit and service can do for the extension of the Kingdom of God. In a mul- Especially since the Great War, these Christitude of ways the Church seems to have reached tians have realized that Christianity is not. the a deadlock in spiritual power, in social activity, product of western civilization, but that Jesus and in world fellowship. Something desperate Himself was born in Asia and that therefore the needs to be done to break this deadlock, or correct people of Asia need not go to Europe for their this atrophy. On the foreign mission fields the Christianity but that they can go straight to the work has largely been carried out by division of New Testament for it. Perhaps a new, direct apthe territory into mission areas so that each proach to Christ, by those who have not been Church has practically had a field to itself. bound by all the graveclothes of European tradi- tion, may enable them to follow Him better than Bishop Azariah, of South India, saId at the they would if they followed European churches Lausanne Conference in 1927, that most Indians first and Christ second. are members of one Church or another, not because of theological opinions, but because of geo- India has been cut up into innumerable divigraphical location. He said, "I am an Episco- sions by all the forces that have entered that counpalian in the first instance because my father and try. Not only has the caste system divided India mother lived in a district where the Church of into very throughly segregated groups, but her England took up work. Had they lived one hun- religiol!s differences, even within Hinduism, have dred miles further north I would have been a made them go further in those separations. In member of the American Congregational Mis- South India the division of the followers of Vishnu sion.'" Since that is true the Indians, as well as into the Cat-doctrine and the Monkey-doctrine the Chinese, Japanese and other national Chris- schools has brought great bitterness. Even at the tians, feel that they should not take the denom- annual festivals at Conjeeveram the followers of inationalism of western countries but that they the one doctrine are ready to fight those who hold the other for the honor of certain positions near

WA.NTED, A DEMONSTRATION OF UNITY

the temple car as it is dragged around the city. others see it. We are wrong in our differences Denominationalism is known within Hinduism and separations. We will find ourselves more and this gives all the more surprise to the Hindu nearly right in our agreements and in our unities. when he finds the same in Christianity where he expects to find unity and peace because of the his- For some fifteen years the churches in South toric character of its Founder. Not a few Chris- India have been working on this problem and tian converts today are hesitating to join any they have evolved a scheme which seems pracchurch because they say that by joining one ticable to the representative Committee. Each church they cut themselves off from communion group have given to the Scheme what they thought in another. They feel that the followers of Jesus best in their experience. The Methodists (for- Christ should all belong to one great fellowship, merly English Wesleyans) have insisted that in and that a Christian in one place should be wel- all parts of the Scheme and in the duties of all its officers and church bodies the spirit of winning comed as a: Christian in another. When one really men to Christ (Evangelism) must be dominant. The Presbyterians have said that, in their expericomes to look at it, how terrible it is that we fol- ence, the position and work of the Presbyter (or lowers of Christ have such exalted opinions of Elder) and that of the Presbytery have been of ourselves and our ancestors that we think we great value to the Church. The Episcopalian says have the real truth in Christ while all others have that throughout their history the position of the at most only partial truth. Would it not be much Bishop, as the Father in God of the Flock and the better if we all would unite into one great body leader in spiritual and administrative work, has and recognize each other as fellow-Christians, fol- brought unity within and effective work without lowers of the one Lord, and sharing with each the Church. While the Congregationalis:ts have other the gifts that God has given each of us. felt that Christian forces can best work when each What a rich body the followers of Christ would local group find themselves free from all outside be if they would share their visions and their ac- authority and carry the full responsibility and encomplishments with each other. The prayer of thusiasm for founding the Church in that locality Christ would then be answered soon, "that they and there setting forth Christ as the Saviour of all may be one – that the world may know that men. In this South India Scheme these various Thou didst send me." elements 'have been brought together in a plan that the Committee believes to be harmonious and And why does each denomination assume that well-balanced. No one of the elements of the it is right and all others wrong? I recognize that uniting churches has been taken over in its origithat feeling is slowly dying out, but there are still nal form, but each gift from the churches has many who essentially hold that they are right and been so modified that it fits into the whole Scheme. that, therefore, all others are wrong. What is the basis for such a feeling? It seems to me axio- There are still many minor details that must be matic that worked out and time and again the Scheme has been submitted to the governing bodies of the 1. All denominations are essentially equal in intellectual churches concerned; then it has been brought back to the Committee for rewording or rewritability. ing, It is hoped that no Council will repudiate the Scheme or vote to stop negotiations. It is 2. There is no essential difference in the denominations in recognized in South India, as well as in other parts of the world, that there must be a definite setting their loyalty to Christ. . forth in actual practice of what can be done to bring the separated branches of the Church of 3. All are practically equal in their spiritual insight and Christ closer together.

their resultant devotion to God through Christ. The Next Step 4. All denominations try to work out practically in their What then should be the next step in the Church Union movement? It seems to me that the thing daily lives what they have seen in Christ. we all want is some actual demonstration which will reveal to us what is possible in this great There is no great difference between the Evan- movement. We have so long lived in our separagelical denominations in intellectual, moral, so- tions that we scarcely believe that union is poscial, or practical understanding and application sible. In the San Francisco Bay, engineers are of the principles of Christ. Why then should any building two great bridges across the waters. denomination assert that their interpretation of After the engineers had prepared their plans and a particular doctrine is the only one that is cor- estimates, after all their scientific research work rect. The very fact that other intelligent, devoted had been done, neither they nor the general public Christians can interpret some doctrine differently from the way I interpret them gives me pause in asserting my interpretation. Perhaps there is something that I have not yet fully understood and perhaps I ought to fellowship more with those who differ from me in order that I may learn from them. The trouble is we have all built fences around ourselves and have carefully protected ourselves and our followers from seeing truth as

were willing to go forward with this work until perfect the Scheme are satisfied that they have models had been made to show how the bridges found a way in which this work can be begun. would look and how they would be able to stand They all agree that great improvements are still up against the weather, and the traffic that would possible in that experiment, but they also realoperate on them. When these models and experi- ize that something must be done besides Wk. ments had been completed, then construction on There has been plenty of consultation and discusthe bridges themselves began, with the absolute sion. What we want now is something that we assurance that the bridges would accomplish the can see with our eyes and handle with our hands purposes for which they were built. -something that will be really a working model. If that proves successful, well and good, others In the same way we need an experiment in can follow its example. If it proves faulty then Church Union. We need to have a model set up, changes can be made and failure prevented. so that we can see what it would look like, how it While unions have succeeded where there were would work, and what may be wrong with it. similarities in polity and doctrine, we must now Then larger and better models can be built until go further and unite those that differ in these the fundamental laws of such union are discov- things, and by actual union we will learn how to ered and we can go ahead and complete the great unite, until all Christians can again live together work. in one family. Yes, that is a hard task. That is an impossible thing for men. But it is not im- South India seems nearest ready to adopt such possible when the· Spirit of the Almighty finds a model. Both the Christians who are directly concerned in that union in South India and all men and women that are willing to be led into the those in authority in the home churches of which fulness of His truth. He cannot have two truths these mission churches are offspring, should feel or two interpretations of truth. But He can show the great responsibility that rests on them and forth a great spirit of love that will level all should endeavor to consummate the present move- roughness, and straighten all crooked ways. ment. Those who have spent years in trying to Missionaries as Seen by a Zulu By JOHN L. DUBE, Founder of Ohlange Institute, Natal U P TO the present time the missionary in nomic resources of a State. It provides larger this country has taken upon himself the markets and greater skilled labor. task of educating, civilizing and Christianizing the Bantu. This race looks upon the mis- Some races are inferior, but their inferiority sionary as Christ's messenger, and not only the is a matter of comparison. Missionaries are not teacher of the people but as a father in whose frightened by theories of inferiority, for their steps they walk to the enlightenment which is his work among primitive races has borne good fruit. through Christ. Missionaries educate and Christianize all races, for they have been charged to "go and teach all Although missionaries work under different nations." To them primitive races and those comgovernments they have a brotherhood which is paratively in a lower state of civilization receive not subject to the State government. The law greater sympathy because they deal with all men and example of Christ are theirs, and this is the not according to nationality, but as followers of basis of the stability of their policy. They are Christ. not obsessed with a fear complex, for they know that even primitive people, under good intl.uence The hardships missionary work has to encounand guidance, can reach a state of responsibility ter, with the meager support it gets, are well and peace to all men. known, but undaunted the missionaries have pressed forward, opening schools and churches Christianity raises the status of a man, and in and repdering sacrificial service to the people. this manner increases his needs with regard to There is a great need of this spirit among our health, food, occupation and recreation. It, there- own people, for the time is ripe when the Bantu fore, cannot be regarded as endangering existing should shoulder greater responsibility in Chrisgovernments by inj uring their economic resources tianizing and educating their own people. The by raising an inferior race to the plane of a need for the extension of missionary work within higher; but it increases and stabilizes the eco- the Union of South Africa and the Protectorates is great.

Memories of Jean

Mackenzie =M=C=CL=E=AR=Y===~II~- -•..efI.!I;;I===B=y=M=R=S=.C=HA=RL=E=S=W=.

T HERE was great rejoicing in our West into practice. Meeting a native boy she innocently Africa Mission when in 1904 we learned of said, in a friendly way, "I am going to hell, will the appointment of a new young woman mis- you walk with me?" The affrighted boy said, "No. sionary to our field. One of the senior workers, I refuse to go with you." Somewhat puzzled at having just returned from furlough, recalled this attitude, she reviewed her words and found meeting her in the United States. She had ap- the mistaken name of the place she intended to proached him with questions about the work and visit. When this was corrected the boy gladly had expressed a desire to join us. In time Jean joined her and they journeyed together to the town.

Mackenzie came and began her Adj ustment to the food of a work for Africa. Since then new country is always difficult she has been a blessing to two and the new missionary missed whole continents. Trials as her American favorites. Coffee well as her joys began imme- was felt to be a necessity and diately upon her arrival on on a long "bush" trip, when shore. Her trunk was wet with very hungry, she espied a sea water and we all knew the trader's house and shop on the results that would follow. The top of a high hill. We remem- colors of a little silk American ber how she wondered audibly flag that a friend had given her whether he might have some ran through her wardrobe, coffee. The house cook was with the result that African wont to tell us how fond she women received gifts of the was of his cookies. I remember variegated cloth. Jean took her a time when we were rooming disappointment as a part of together that I was awaked by African mission life. Jean one night asking if I sup- Being assigned to the first posed we could find something inland station, she made the to eat. A midnight prowl re- jungle-trip by hammock and sulted in a "find" in the host- afoot, and then settled down in ess' cookie jar.

one of the tiny rooms of a bark- Jean once told of a long, walled cottage. Here she be- weary day in the jungle, when came intimately acquainted Bachrach physical strength was over- with the family and loved them JEAN KENYON MAOKENZIE taxed. Upon reaching her desdearly. When some sympa- tination she called for a pan of thizing friends in America offered to sponsor the water, removed her shoes and stockings and building of a little house for her to occupy alone plunged her poor, aching feet into the water, and she realized that this sacrifice would involve a in her own words "wept into it too."

sac:dfice of time needed for the evangelistic work At one time she was assigned to one of the coast and she dismissed it with the same fortitude that stations where the contact .with the white man she had shown in the loss of her clothing. had changed the people from the ignorant type of Jean Mackenzie began immediately to adapt bushmen. She spent long hours with the old herself to the place, the customs, and language of pioneers gaining folklore and many reminiscences.

the people and spent many hours in visiting huts She had remarkable ability to construct most in- and villages where she acquired the language teresting stories from a little material. She con- firsthand. How the people learned to love her! fided to us one day that sometime she would write One day, after having spent hours in language a book. Faithfully and well she has used her won- study, she sallied forth to put her new knowledge derful talent as the Church at home well knows.

[589 ]

Her story about writing her father's biography to see her "walk and not faint." Surely the words is unique. She quietly questioned him at inter- of her Saviour to Mary of Bethany may be said vals about his early life, he never suspicioned her of our Jean, "She hath done what she could."

motive. One day when the Atlantic Monthly came Jean Kenyon Mackenzie – Interpreter* to her father's home she saw him don his glasses to read it. Covertly she watched him from behind Jean Kenyon Mackenzie was for eleven years a her book, saw his gaze at the title-"The Story of missionary in Africa. a Fortunate Youth"-scan it a minute and then She was born in Elgin, Ill., the daughter of began to read. With riveted and dilating eyes he Scottish parents, Rev. and Mrs. Robert Macread and then began to frown, smile, chuckle, and kenzie. Her school years were spent in San Franfinally he called her a rather uncompli.mentary cisco, and later she studied at the Sorbonne, in name. Their love and mutual understandmg were Paris. Her father, who came to America when he great, and finally they had a good laugh together. was nineteen years of age, became pastor of Rut- When the monthly mail steamer arrived in West gers Presbyterian Church in New York, and dur- Africa everything else gave way to the reading of ing his pastorate his daughter volunteered for home letters. How she did enjoy them and the service as a missionary in West Africa under the magazines! Some will recall Jean's style of pen- Presbyterian Board of Foreign Missions. . manship, with her broad pen and lines written at In 1904 she went to what was then the German wide intervals on thin stationary. Once when colony of Kamerun (Cameroun), where she saw visiting a neighboring station, she sat by a co- service for the next ten years in four different worker and both were busily engaged in writing for the outgoing mail. Suddenly Jean paused and stations, all but one "bush" towns in the interior. Thirty years ago this equatorial section was still asked, "When your letters arrive home,. do .y.our "darkest Africa." Gorillas and elephants were people send them over the country to mqmrmg friends?" Upon being answered in the negative, common, travel was on foot or by canoe, or at best in the one-wheeled chair called a "push-push," or she said: "Well, mine do but they will not do so with this one." Then taking her blunt pen she in a hammock swung from a pole borne by porters. printed across the page in a horizontal line, in In 1914, because of ill health, Miss Mackenzie large letters, a slang word sufficiently prohibitive retired from service in Africa and devoted herself to writing about that part of ,the continent which to prevent broadcasting. . is still so little known. After the outbreak of the World War, however, and with the capture of We ever marveled at her self-control; but once, Kamerun by French forces, her return was asked by the mission staff. In the transfer of property when overexasperated at a coworker of the sterner and the establishment of missionary work under a new regime, Miss Mackenzie's fluent French sex she shook her little fist at him and said, "I and her experience on three continents would be of value. The submarine danger was at its height, am'very angry at you." The argument closed im- but by going via Spain and the Canary Islands she made her way eventually to the African coast. mediately. Perhaps the brightest spot in her fir~t This emergency year of service ended, Miss term was the visit of Dr. A. W. Halsey and hIS Mackenzie returned to New York, settling down to a career of writing. The vivid recollections of wife to our field. This was our first secretarial her experiences in Africa resulted in a series of articles and essays in the Atlantic Monthly. She visit and we all greatly enjoyed his season with also wrote several books: "Black Sheep," "An African Trail," "African Adventures," "African us, but no one so much as Jean. Clearings," "The Story of a Fortunate Youth" (an account of the early life of her father), "The . Great was our sorrow when she returned home. Venture" (poems.), "Friends of Africa," "The Trader's Wife." Later how deeply we appreciated her heroic and In 1923 Miss Mackenzie was elected a member brave service as she again heard the call to Africa of the Board of Foreign Missions, and three years later was appointed as its speci.al representative and answered it during the World War. She told Le to the international and interdenominational conus of being alone in the lower part of that big ference held in Zoute, Belgium, which discussed ship, in the submarine zone, and we knew that the future of mission work in Africa in view of only He whom she served had kept her for us.

The results of her services are written in our Mission's war history. When she again left us, she explained that she had promised her father that when he called her she would return, and the time had come. But orice when I was on furlough she confided to me her great desire to return to the field. Each time she followed a company of coworkers to the steamer to say "Good-bye" her streaming eyes followed the boat, as it wended its way Africaward.

. The home Church and literary world knew how, in the words of the Prophet, she "mounted upon wings" but to us who knew her there, it was given • Condensed from Women and Missions, October, 1936.

INTIMATE MEMORIES OF JEAN KENYON MACKENZIE

rapidly changing economic and social conditions realm of human nature. We often saw through over the continent. Here her gift of understandingall sorts and conditions of people came into a her eyes and felt drawn with her nearer to tpe full play. Out of this conference grew many of the most valuable modern developments in African mind and heart. No one else served Christian work in Africa, including the founding country or people more wholeheartedly, or re~­ of a committee to provide Christian literature. Miss Mackenzie died in New York City on Sep- dered more acceptable service to her Lord and tember 2d of this year. Master, than did our coworker, Jean Kenyon Mac- Recollections of a Fellow Missionary kenzie. (MRS. W. S.) ANNA M. LEHMAN. Of the many high recommendations proffered at the time of Jean Mackenzie's 'appointment to A Tribute from a Friend the West Africa Mission, one given by her own father spoke of Jean's "adaptability." Jean Mackenzie was the gifted daughter of a gifted Scotch "domsie," a real child of the manse. Traveling with her down the West Coast, trek- She was as Scotch as if she had been born in king through the bush for days in the rain, living Thrums. Her father never outgrew the traits with her under the same leaky roof, experiencing which made him so definitely a Scot, and Jean intogether a smallpox epidemic, only served to illu- herited from him his rare and delicate humor, his minate her many choice characteristics and to keen insight and lofty imagination, his deeply make us value more and more our new friend and spiritual nature. They looked alike and thought fellow worker. Sympathetic and understanding alike, and in her later years, as she grew older, she was, practical and efficient, ready to share she had so perfectly his ruddy color, his round with black or white not just things alone but her face crowned with soft white hair, and his serene philosophy and attitude toward life, her friends blue eyes, that the resemblance was very striking. and family, and her findings in the African heart Her "Story of a Fortunate Youth" is a beautiful and forest. All who have read her writings know tribute to him. how keenly observant she was, and how much she got as well as gave during her sojourn in Africa. When she came back from Africa on her first furlough, in the fall of 1906, she, who was never Arriving at her station, she gave herself scant very strong, during that winter in New York she three days to unpack her small iron trunks, to establish herself at a rough homemade desk and JEAN MACKENZIE TOURING IN AFRICA arrange her belongings in a third-hand chest of drawers. In the cramped space of a 10 by 14 did a good deal of work and speaking. Among room, she allowed herself but one or two at a time of her treasures and bits of art, living through other duties, she taught a class of girls in the Sabthe calendar with now a brass bowl, next a "Boy and Violin," or some hand-catved panels. bath school of Rutgers Church. It was a rare Self-discipline ranked high in her catalog of privilege for those girls to have such a teacher! virtues. She disciplined herself to a routine of hours and days, sometimes stepping out and fac- One can easily believe that the fascination, the ing "right about" in an opposite direction from that in which the precious monthly foreign mail charm, the devotion of that frail, earnest young was expected. What a wealth of love and friendship, of warming one's self at ,the home hearth woman lent a compelling force and an unforgetthere would be in store for her, with the opening of that tin hamper of mail from across the sea! table impression to the message she taught, which One has only to read her "Exile and the Postman" to know what it meant to her. Yet we saw her has had an influence beyond computation in that deliberately walking away from it, to return only after her self-appointed task of the day was done. mission in Africa. She always schooled herself to the more difficult way. If perchance there was some individual We of Rutgers Presbyterian Church had the who just naturally "rubbed the wrong way," then it was her practice to make an especial effort to rare pleasure of seeing her frequently as she came be friendly or do a favor for that one. to the meetings of the Women's Guild, and other She was a sharer of good things-as much as one can share of family, privilege, appreciation of church services during her first, second, and third beauty, and happy discoveries one makes in the furloughs. She brought the story of God's love to eager listeners, and through her the Sun of Righteousness began to shine in many darkened hearts and home1l ' ..

Of all the missionary speakers I have ever His love, gentle in her own indescribable way, cheerful as she made her efforts for the happiness heard, no one has ever so moved me with the feel- of others, but above all, as a creative mind at work, enriching and interpreting human life. ing of the world's need and the power of God's "The Word of God is a real word," she would love. With such extraordinary gifts of mind and often say. She heard it in the creative process of the natural world, for her it was hidden in the heart and tongue, it has been hard to understand course of things. She heard it in her girlhood, in the African forest, in her home in Riverdale. She why she was not given commensurable bodily recognized the word of God in the Bible. "I found in the Biblical stories, while at work in Mrica, the strength to use her powers to the utmost. She actual word of God to those people,"· she said.

always worked to the limit of her strength, and She shared the sufferings of the Master. When she was writing the devotional studies for Women when she found herself unable to do much speak- and Missions, she worked in great weakness and almost continuous physical discomfort. She ing she gave herself to writing as long as she would come down the stair, obviously pale and worn with her wrestling in prayer. There was in could. A large audience, in secular and religious her studies, in consequence, an almost angelic tenderness and heroism. There was in them the magazines and in her books, have felt the spell adoration of one who had met the Lord in the flame, and been marked with the secret fire. of her pen. GEORGE M. DUFF. In her the natural body could change to the spiritual body with less change than for most of us. (MRS. JOHN H.) MARTHA B. FINLEY.

A Word from Her Pastor Jean Mackenzie meant to the Church what high talent dedicated to a high task can mean. During the more than twenty years that she lived in Riverdale after her return from Africa, she appeared as a shining being amid the daily round of duties-reticent as one truly absorbed in God and Signs of Progress in West Africa By REV. R. S. ROSEBERRY, Kankan, French West Africa "CUT her throat! Cut her throat!" was the ered by this account, namely, Senegal, Guinea, command of the slave driver more than a Sudan and Ivory Coast. These colonies have a hundred years ago, as the long caravan of population of approximately ten million people.

slaves wended its way across the Sudan to Prior to the forward movement of missions, Gambia. The little slave girl could no longer keep Mohammedanism had captured the territory along up with the caravan that Mungo Park was ac- the banks of the Niger westward to the Atlantic.

companying on his return trip from his first visit Entering this region from the north about the to the Niger. The slave girl's throat was cut, and eighth century, they had hundreds of years to the scanty clothing that covered her body sal- press their conquest before the advent of the mis- vaged. It might be said that Mungo Park's first sionary of Christ. Rome had also followed closely trip to the Niger was the beginning of the over- the French conquest and was installed in a num- throw of the slave traffic in West Africa. The ber of pagan centers.

advent of civilized government accomplished it. The great Harris mass movement had stirred The hinterland was held by powerful Mohamme- the southern part of the Ivory Coast, carrying dan war lords who did not yield without many a everything before it like a hurricane. Pushing battle. The closing years of the nineteenth cen- back from the coast about three hundred miles, it tury saw these conquered and the land opened to had turned many people from their fetish wor- commerce. ship, leaving them, however, with very little con- French West Africa, a colonial empire of vast ception of real Christianity. In many places extent, borders the Atlantic Ocean on the west where instruction failed to arrive in time they and stretches east to the Egyptian Sudan, reach- drifted into other forms of paganism.

ing from the Mediterranean on the north to the In 1918, at the close of the World War, the Gulf of Guinea on the south. Only four of the evangelical advance into the interior was begun.

colonies comprising French West Africa are cov- A line of stations was opened from Faranah, near

SIGNS OF PROGRESS IN WEST AFRICA

the source of the Niger River, down to Timbuctoo books which mean to them a new life. They in and across the buckle of the Niger to Gao. This turn become teachers to help others. The call move placed us in strategic centers, giving us a comes from far and near for help to reap the har- working base in at least twenty-five of the more vest. In order to meet the emergency workers than one hundred tribes in this territory. The have been shifted from less responsive Mohamme- number of tribes, increased the usual language dan tribes to the awakened areas. This has some- barrier. Here were many distinct languages, times meant leaving good buildings vacant, but some of them subdivided into dialects, a decided what is a building in comparison with an oppor- obstacle to rapid evangelization. By evangelizing tunity? The missionaries are willing to live in we do not mean proclaiming the message in a ter- grass hut training camps that they may teach the ritory once or twice and then passing on to the needy ones. What a pleasure it is to visit these next district. True evangelization raises up and same sections where the devil reigned so long, and establishes groups of believers who can carryon meet earnest followers of Christ who sit by the for themselves. This was the New Testament hour and listen to the Word! Oftentimes many method. It is not the drilling of men and women tribes are represented in these gatherings, all in a creed with the hope that they will gradually meeting at a common mercy seat.

develop into a Christian community. Evangeliza- Pagans and Ohristians tion means the transformation of men and women by the direct power of God. Anything short of The way has not been easy. Persecution has this is a waste of time and money. broken out which has shown the intense hatred Fortunately the major part of the societies that that always follows a real work of God. The entered this territory belong to strong funda- pagan forces have rallied in some sections to drive medal groups, with a resulting unity of program out the native workers. In one town especially which greatly aids in the evangelization of the their hatred became so intense that they not only territory. Beginning with two workers in 1918, drove the native teacher away, tearing down his the Christian and Missionary Alliance, before the house, but even threatened the missionary with close of 1928, had placed a force of sixty on the violence. The native teacher was not to be so field. Other societies soon entered, so that now easily set aside and returned again and again more than one hundred and thirty missionaries until they beat him severely. He told them that are at work, representing at least eight societies. a beating on the left side was silver money, on The larger language groups have been entered, the other side, gold. He became rich in that kind and much has been accomplished toward giving of money before they grew tired and let him go. them the Word of God in their own tongue. His face shines with an inner light as he tells of Translating has been, for the most part, pioneer his experience. work and consequently has required much time and persistent effort. Into at least four of these In order to encourage these tried ones, conferlanguages the entire New Testament and a part ences have been convened in different districts of the Old Testament have been translated. Other with profit. This affords them an opportunity to pagan tribes have one or two Gospels and the get together and talk over their difficulties and story of some of the Old Testament portions. recite their victories over sin. It shows their strength as a body of believers and encourages After ten years of plodding and sowing the them to press forward through trials and suffergood seed the awakening came. It swept almost ing. It also provides an opportunity for Bible inlike a wave over the entire field. Section after struction and prayer for the isolated ones who section reported a turning to God from dumb do not have the privilege of a great center where idols. Paganism began to break and crumble on continual instruction is carried on. In a recent a wide front until it became exceedingly difficult conference the Spirit came upon those gathered to care for the instruction of inquirers, and many in prayer until strong men called aloud upon God fine opportunities were lost for the lack of to have mercy upon them. It is in hours of this reapers. kind that a new vision is imparted that gives the In order to take advantage of the movement, work new vigor and strength. Many of these training camps have been opened in many parts simple-hearted folk travel miles to attend such of the field to teach the people to read the Word gatherings. The Christians are encouraged to of God. It has been no small task to teach grown bring a love offering, which provides for those men and women from illiterate, pagan tribes. who are called of the Lord to go as evangelists After a busy day on the farm they come from and teachers into the district. The offering con- their fields to study the simple primers printed sists of grain, peanuts, and cowerie shells, which for their benefit. Their goal is a New Testament take the place of money in the more backward all their very own. How they treasure these districts. Many of the Christians are very poor,

and consequently their offerings are not large j did not grasp the message until I heard the Evan- gelist Bokari." This fiery evangelist makes Christ but they are a great help to their spiritual life. real and causes them to fear the wrath of God that will come upon them if they do not repent. No man can make progress in his spiritual ex- In order to get a sick man to a recent native con- ference he loaded him on his horse while he perience who does not bring an offering to the walked beside him, footsore and weary, over the hot, sandy trail. To hear him pray, "Lord, call Lord. forth shepherds to feed the sheep; call them, Lord, black or white! the sheep are many, but the Our hope for every town is to get at least one shepherds are few," is an inspiration indeed. One can well understand the burden that rests on his man to stand true to his faith. He becomes a heart.

rallying ground for others who perhaps are weak- While the results among the Mohammedans have not been as great as those among the pagan er in faith and not so courageous. The great work tribes, yet, strange to say, our foremost evangel- ists, men who have been trail blazers among the of the missionary at the present time is the train- pagans, were formerly bigoted followers of the false prophet. Is there not a lesson in that fact ing of native men and women as leaders. A cen- for us? The strongest fortifications once won in turn make the best strongholds. The Touaregs tral Bible school is being erected in the Sudan for and Arabs on the borders of the great Sahara, the pagan cliff dwellers of HabM land, the Bambaras this purpose. This will not replace the short term and Miankas with the Black and Red Bobos, the great Mossi tribe of the central Sudan, with the Bible training camps already established, but will Kissien, Toma, Gberese, Baouli and other tribes of the forest country, are forming to raise a supplement them. It is not proposed to give them chorus of praise to the Lamb of God who has re- deemed them. These delegations will hail the a higher education, which often seems to unfit King's arrival. Faithful God-ealled men and women are on the march over the burning sands men and women for real village work. Rather we of the desert, on the great open plains of the Sudan, in the somber forests, ever going forward would that they have a thorough knowledge of the to reach the last tribe with the message. Toiling on translation work at night, teaching men and Word of God, with a heart set on fire by the women to read, helping to build houses and chapels, bridging streams, opening new roads, Spirit. . slowly and oftentimes with breaking hearts, the Gospel army presses on to a sure success. The second session of one of these Bible train- ing institutes in HabM land was convened from March 24 to April 19 in 1936, with an enroll- ment of thirty-five regular and eight special stu- dents. Thirty-two of this number took the ex- amination at the close of the session. The course was not conducted without opposition from Satan which threatened at times to disrupt it altogether j but prayer prevailed, and not one left until the close. One can understand the urge that seizes the native to go back to his farm when a heavy rain falls and prepares the soil for sowing the seed.

Only the Lord can impart faith on these occasions and cause them to wait a little longer at the Mas- ter's feet and learn more of His Word.

A true and loyal native worker is a priceless boon to the missionary. The only hope of West Africa is men and women of this type. Again and again we hear the testimony of the natives: "I A TRIBE OF GOD In his letter to the Romans Paul writes, "And it shall come to pass, that in the place where it was said unto them, Ye are not my children; there shall they be called the children of the living God" (Romans 9: 26).

This prophecy is surely coming to pass in Africa. For many generations her people have been abused by all other nations. They have been harassed by merciless slave traders, ex- ploited by ruthless traders and industrial organizations, and divided up among the various nations of Europe. With the downfall of Ethiopia, Liberia is the only bit of independent ter- ritory in all that great continent. But God has blessed the Africans with a spirit of hope and optimism so that they have endured persecution and oppression, patiently awaiting the day of deliverance. That day is dawning now, for out of every tribe in Africa God is calling forth a people for Himself and through these people Africa will be delivered out of her age-old bondage. One old woman made the remark, "A new tribe is arising in Africa in our day- the tribe of God."-Clarence E. Carlson, in Gems of Cheer.

Lai Tsang, Missionary to

I _oo-lflf By MRS. C. S. DEMING, Seoul, Korea I fB.- ~==========================~ SOME years ago we first made Mr. Sen's ac- I thanked God, and took courage. Then it quaintance. Our little mission to the Chinese seemed not right to send a young man like that in Seoul had been opened only two Sundays alone into a hard place, for the Lord sent out the and, when passing through town on his way to disciples two by two. I prayed that some Chris- the steamer at Chemulpo, he came to morning tian might be found at Chemulpo, who would be a service. He was a member of Dr. Mateer's church help to him. The very next prayer meeting night, in Shantung, and had been engaged in a little a young man appeared in foreign clothes who said bakery, but as business was bad he was returning that he had served his apprenticeship at Chemulpo home. Just a young lad, insignificant looking, we as a tailor, and then returned home to Shanghai.

did not expect to see him again. His family were all Christians, and he became a Years passed. Our hearts became heavily Christian also, and had been baptized. Hearing burdened for Chemulpo, the nearest port to Che- that we had started a church in Seoul, he had foo, China, with its large Chinese settlement, for come to join us, having returned to Chemulpo nothing was being done for them. We had to start in business for himself. He told us that neither man nor funds to start this new work, but the other half of the house he occupied was vawe had God who hears and answers prayer. It cant, and that we could probably get it for our was not long before I saw Mr. Sen at one of our work. We went to Chemulpo the next day, had a evening prayer meetings in Seoul. He had just re- time of prayer in the tailor's shop, then rented the turned from China to try his hand at the bakery next door place for a little church. business once more and he was asked to bring a It was wonderful to see how the children flocked around Mr. Sen. He taught them to pray word of greeting from the home church. sentence by sentence, and got them to pray at It was a remarkable story he told. On going to home morning ar..d evening and at their meals, out China, he had met with a certain evangelist who loud so as to influence their parents. The children had been in an important position in a consulate spent so much time at the mission that the schoolbut reading the war news in the papers, felt con- teachers complained that they were neglecting vinced that it was one of the signs of the Lord's their lessons. Mr. Sen told them to come to the speedy return. He gave up his post, and set him- church after school and he would help them preself to do the work of an evangelist, trusting en- pare their home work, after which they had their tirely to the Lord to supply his wants and those daily Christian Endeavor service. He taught them of his large family. Mr. Sen joined him and in to pray over their lessons, so that one boy who preparation for his work, spent hours studying was bad in arithmetic, got 100 in his examination. God's Word and praying for the baptism of the Holy Spirit. Before long the answer came and When the influenza epidemic was about, Mr. the evangelist went out to do a great work for Sen was taken sick. His friend the tailor was God. away at the time and there was no coal. The weather was bitter and he was too ill to move. After speaking, Mr. Sen led in prayer, the most The children came and found the doors locked. wonderful prayer I ever heard. As he was pray- Mr. Sen called to them that there was no coal, so ing, the Lord said to me, "He is the man I have they would not have their r.egular meeting. When sent you for Chemulpo." they came the next day, and heard the same thing After the service, I asked him, "Are you will- they knew that something was wrong, and asked ing to go and start work for God in Chemulpo?" him why he was not up. When he told them that It was a hard task. He said, "I will pray about it, he was too sick and could not move, one of the and see if it is the Lord's will." The next week boys climbed to a second-story window and man- he told me that the Lord had appeared to him in aged to get in. Some of them went to their homes the night, telling him to be strong and of a good and brought wood and coal while others brought courage,' that He would stand by him and food. Others carried water, as he had had noth- strengthen him, and that he had called him to this ing to drink. Some mothers came around also work at Chemulpo. and cared for him.

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Mr. Sen spent his mornings visiting in the Korea to our knowledge, when marriage brought homes and places of business, preaching Christ a China missionary to Korea. His prayers that everywhere. There was no place in Chemulpo someone might come and start work among his where the name of Mr. Sen was not known and people in Korea were answered by our coming, loved. The girls and boys would go out with him, and I believe were the cause of it.

preaching after school hours or on Sunday after- Through the years, Elder Chee, and Mr. Sen are noons. They became splendid little workers and the two men who have felt the burden and re- then the parents began to get interested. One sponsibility for the whole Chinese work. Every whole family was won through him and many week the officers of the church would meet with others. them. Down on our knees, we would each one Mr. Sen had great power in prayer, and a pray in turn over the matters coming up for de- simple childlike faith in the power of God. There cision, so in an unusual way felt we had the mind was a young man in town who had terrible pain of the Spirit,because of our unity. Shoulder to in his ear for a fortnight and could neither eat shoulder we have carried the burdens and re- nor sleep for the pain. He went to the hospital sponsibilities in a fellowship that has been most but could get no relief. A church member, a young precious. We have sorrowed together, and re- blacksmith, said, "I will take you to Mr. Sen and joiced together. In time it was felt that Mr. Sen he will pray for you and you will be healed." He should be ordained, and at the request of the went to the evening service with the man, but Union Chinese Churches in Korea, now grown to found that the tailor was about to conduct the five in number, the Synod of the Union Chinese service. He had come in and found Mr. Sen over- Christian Church of China ordained him in Mouk- come by the fumes of the charcoal stove he was den. Having started the work in Chemulpo, he using to cook his food. He was lying unconscious became its pastor, but was later called to the pas- on the floor. The tailor put him in bed, with torate of the Seoul Chinese Church, where he is plenty of fresh air in the room, but Mr. Sen was now carrying full res.ponsibility together with El- too sick and weak to move when it came time for der Wang.

meeting. The blacksmith came and said, "I have In the fall of 1929 we were transferred to North brought you a man who is sick; we want you to Manchuria, the mission field of the Korean Meth- pray for him to be healed." Mr. Sen replied, "I odist Church. It was hard to leave the fellowship am too sick to get up." Then it occurred to him of the churches in Korea, but Miss Quinn who how foolish he was not to trust God for his own retired from work in China had been asked to healing also. He asked God to heal him, so that help with the work up the east coast, and was he might go upstairs and pray for the sick man. asked to reside in Seoul, and help all the Chinese Immediately the sickness left him and he went up churches. Pastor Sen worked with her loyally for and knelt beside the sick young man in prayer. five years, during much of which time her work When the young man went home, the pain had had to be done from her bed.

gone. He had a good night's sleep and in the The young Chinese carpenter has developed morning a great abscess burst in his ear and he into Manager Wang of the Gospel Building Com- had no further trouble with it. pany, started to help support the church. Ten Mr. Sen used to get up at five in the morning per cent of all profits go to the church. He is now to study the Bible. While we were on furlough Elder Wang. Recently in building the Music he studied for a time in the Korean classes at the Building of Ewha College, he found he had over.

Pierson Memorial Bible School. A letter from estimated the cost of the building. An improved Mother who visited him, reported that he had price of building material had reduced the cost.

started a Bible class with his classmates, a per- Without being asked, he returned several thou- sonal work prayer group, and an evangelistic sand dollars, which were more than legitimate band. A man who was won by him was a young profits.

carpenter named, Wang Kong En, who suddenly Miss Quinn died on August 31, 1934. That day came under convicti6n of sin as Mr. Sen was ill health necessitated my starting for America.

praying, and gave himself to God. Standing on the platform at the station among Later Mr. Sen went to Nanking, and after Chinese, Korean, and foreign friends, Pastor Sen graduating at the Theological Seminary, returned and Elder Wang stood as the two pillars of the to be the Chinese evangelist for the whole of Chinese Church, clergy and laity. The two moth- Korea. He opened the work in Pyengyang, and ers of the church had been removed by God. The in Fusan also. churches could walk alone, under the direct guid- Thirteen years. have passed since the above ance of the Spirit. Thank God for both these men.

story was written. Sen Lai Tsang has proved Dr. Chee retired to Peiping. Pray for them as himself indeed called of God. Dr. Chee, a Chinese they carryon, and send them help for entering herb doctor, was the only Chinese Christian in new areas when God so guides.

HOIl1:e Missions' in Modern America*

_.46t Ii By the REV. E. D. KOHLSTEDT, D.D., Philadelphia I Secretary of the Board of Home Missions, Methodist JB- Episcopal Church I~==~======================~'

T HE United States of America is an excep- sions, than to develop constructive citizens. tional field for Home Missions. No other Specialists sustain our contention that, without nation can duplicate the intricate, exacting discounting the effectiveness of what Government task that confronts organized Christianity in this men were doing toward the suppression of crime country, with its unique historical heritage, reli- and criminals, the cause and cure of crime in the gious background, territorial expansion, govern- United States is a matter of more immediacy; mental development, racial mixtures, cosmopolitan that preventive rather than punitive phases of sopopulation, changing economic and social situ- cial service demand major emphasis; that Chrisations. Constructive statesmen remind us that no tianity has no more imperative obligation than a nation can hope to withstand the test of time that faithful ministry to child life. lacks at least three fundamentals to perpetuity: The late Senator Long said, concerning the solu- A capable foundation of race; tion of criminal problems: A high standard of private and public morals; A spirit of fidelity to tried and long-established institu- "I understand that crime is costing our country $12,000,000,000 annually. We spend about $40,- tions. 000,000 a year on the prosecution of federal crimes alone. The approach to this problem of Despite gratifying gains, Christian constitu- reducing crime should begin with childhood, in our encies record a disproportionate ratio of our total public and private schools, where children should population. Mindful of the variable value of sta- be taught a greater respect for law. There should tistical summaries, we marshal the most depend- be a revival of religious training in the home, a able data available, as a reasonably reliable yard- reorganization of our correctional institutions, stick with which to measure religious progress, with a revision of our judicial methods. We want and to determine the validity of missionary re- to punish, rather than to correct conditions by sponsibilities. using common sense in administering justice."

Missionary Review of the World (June Issue) Home Missions and National Life 1935: Present population of the United States …. 134,000,000 Secretaries of American missionary agencies Pre-High School Group, no Church Contacts 13,400,000 record seven facts that magnify Home Missions: Non-Church Members, including children … 75,000,000 1. Democracy may be a promise or a peril: without reli- The International Council of Religious Educa- gion, a peril.

tion estimates our United States youth population 2. The utter failure of substitutes for religion. (ages 5-17) to be 30,034,308, and the number in 3. Applied Christianity solves social problems. that classification unreached by the Christian 4. Increasing recognition of the Christian Church. church, 15,000,000-a tremendous challenge to 5. The national significance of Home Missions. 6. The challenge of unmet missionary needs in America.

Home Missions! If the Federal Government 7. Christianity's ability to survive depressions.

deems it advisable to spend millions of dollars on Home Missions and Social Safety emergency education and student aid, the Chris- tian Church must undergird that program with an Economic security and social safety are the adequate religious ministry. rightful heritage of humanity. The supreme pur- Social education and crime prevention was the pose of our Master's ministry to mankind was "A theme for a series of discussions in the White more abundant life." A progressive realization House at Washington, May 17-18, 'participated in of that objective is one of the major responsibiliby 75 mission and social agency representatives. ties of Home Missions. Methodism's ministry to Juvenile delinquency is a social problem that can- the masses has always been characterized by a not be solved by punitive methods; such a pro- tender solicitude for their physical, social and cedure is more likely to engender antisocial obses- spiritual welfare. Her concern for the totality of life is convincingly stated in a challenging docu- • Condensed from The Pastor's Journal, January. 1936. ment: The Social Creed of the Church!

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Sincerely appreciative of Federal Administra- relief work, care of the handicapped and unfortunate, will tion efforts to stabilize chaotic conditions in this be greatly expedited by sympathetic encouragement on the country, and with absolutely no thought of any part of the great body of the church who, I believe, are political emphases, the results fro~ several.years for the social gospel, if they can see that its feet are on of experimentation ought to convmce well-mten- practical ground. tioned economic experts of the futility of a philosophy of scarcity that involves: the destruction The Consumers' Cooperative movement, conof food stuffs and supplies in certain sections, for cerning which much has been written, is based want of which humans are suffering in other parts upon these principles: a democratic organization of our fair land; substantial subsidies to a selec- of economic processes; an unrestricted membertive list of actual and absentee agriculturists as a ship; a limited rate of return on caI;>i~al inve~t­ reward for nonproduction, while grain, meat and ments; one vote for each member; dIVIdend dISmilk-product imports show percentage increases; tributions, determined by patronage. The Coopthe twofold delusion of drinking and spending erative League.of the U. S. A. claims to have 6,600 ourselves into prosperity, regardless of social lia- societies; 1,800,000 members, and an annual bilities. Our Government's main problem is not business of $365,000,000; to reverse our economic the disposition of a bugbear surplus, but a justifi- order by paying profits to the buyer, producing able allotment of the available necessities of life. goods in the interest of the consumer, instead of the promoter, taking out of business the elements Federal Social Security legislation embodies of speculation, in the hope of eliminating peaks several humanitarian proposals, which merit sym- and depressions, the despair of our present syspathetic consideration. tem.

The Social Security Bill is the first law of such scope to Every major Home Missionary project in our be enacted in this country, although Great Britain, Ger- program is an attempt to meet urgent needs in many, France, Austria, Bulgaria, Irish Free State, Italy, some actual area of human life: ministries to neg- Poland, Russia and Switzerland have long had some such lected or underprivileged communities throughform of protection. out Continental United States; in allocated sec- tions of Alaska, Hawaii, Puerto Rico, and the The bill includes these items: Dominican Republic; specialized evangelistic and social services to bilinguals, Indians, Latin Amer- Old-age Pensions, Unemployment Insurance, Dependent icans, Migrants, Mormons, Mountaineers, Ne- Children, Health, Clearance of Slum Residence Areas, and groes, Orientals, Polyglots. Share-Croppers Rehabilitation. Methodist social service proposals must, of The Exaltation of governing principles is a mat- course, accord a primary place to that outstanding ter of moment to the Christian ministry; the busi- humanitarian enterprise initiated thirty years ago ness of blueprinting procedures belongs to special- by Dr. E. J. Helms, founder and director of the ists, who have earned the right to be heard and heeded in this phase of civic responsibility. That Goodwill Industries fact stresses the significance of services that ought to be rendered in the field of statesmanship by which furnish a fine foundation for the developthoroughly equipped churchmen. But direct hu- ment of cooperative economic and social life, man contacts in the realm of religious activity particularly among groups that have much in comought to enable discriminating ministers to say something tangible about the application of Chris- mon, whose interests readily respond .to constr.uctian principles to the business of life. United annual conference sessions afford a real opportunity tive efforts toward economic and soclal securIty. for joint appraisals of economic and social situa- This Christlike project is a convincing, composite tions. expression of practical Christianity.

The Gospel of Christ proclaims a complete sal- The Quadrennial report: vation: enrichment of life in all of its essential relationships-physical, social, spiritual. Scores For opportunity wages to handicapped people, of sincere lay leaders are as anxious as any of us Goodwill Industries paid $1,628,486.11; for servto find a satisfactory solution to this intricate ice wages, $392,920.97. The following service has problem, but cannot see the advantage of tearing been provided: down the superstructure in order to make needed repairs. Different persons employed ……………. . 46,510 Hours of employment ………………… . 6,580,495 Senator C. O. Holmes of Gary, Indiana, says: Sales in Goodwill Stores ………………. . 3,315,376 Goodwill bags filled ………………….. . 2,733,709 The church must make greater social contributions than Homes from which bags and furniture came .. 1,333,642 ever. Some of the success that ought to be made possible Aggregate attendance daily Chapel service … for social security measures in State Legislatures, for in- Adults enrolled in community service activities 545,596 telligent use of employment exchanges in coordination with Children enrolled in community service activities 5,862 12,306 Superintendent R. E. Scully says: "Everybody knows that only by the help of the Board of Home

THE HANDWRITING ON THE WALL IN JAPAN

Missions would we have been able t'O continue the were effected between the colonial settlements of religi'Ous work in the Cincinnati Goodwill Indus- Salem and Plymouth, characterized by divergent tries." creedal concepts, local leaders discovered the real- ity of a practical basis for Christian fell'Owship. Social situations in America threaten the de- Puritan Governor John Endicott wrote to Pilgrim struction of fundamentals to the perpetuity of our Governor William Bradford: national life. Christianity is challenged by: a slump in ethical ideals; an indifference to cardinal God's people are all marked with the same mark; they virtues; the propagation 'Of pagan phil'Os'Ophies have the same heart, guided by the same spirit of truth; 'Of life; the ravages of an uncontrolled, federally where this is, there can be no discord, but sweet harmony. fostered liquor traffic; the menace 'Of m'Ovies that May we, as Christian brethren, be united by unfeignetl persist in the unpatriotic pastime of disc'Ounting love, bending all our hearts and forces in furthering a their country in the eyes of the world by mag- work beyond our strength. nifying the worst features 'Of American life, idealizing crime and criminals, caricaturing Christian Federal Church and Home Missions Councils leadership, c'Onfusing the ethical ideals 'Of impres- were organized in 1908, when a new spirit 'Of cosi'Onable children; the divorce evil, with its tragic operation among our evangelical communions and trail from Reno to Hollywood and Washington. their respective missionary agencies began to reg- ister. We have witnessed practical applications Cooperation and Church Comity of the principle of cooperati'On until office files are cluttered with c'Onvincing cases 'Of progress. More Christian cooperative movements in America has been accomplished during the past twenty are a fulfilment of early ideals. When contacts years than in all the earlier years of American church history.

The Handwriting on the Wall in Japan A Story Told by A. E. AURELL, Tokyo Agent of the American Bible Society T HE following story is told by a Japanese "Come unto me all ye that labor and are heavily young man who was discouraged and planned laden and I will give you rest."

to commit suicide. Those gr·acious words of Christ made me recon- N'Ot being able to see eye t'O eye with my father sider indeed and almost unbeknowingly my feet there was often strife leading to divisions in my began to take me to the Christian church, the home. In moments of quiet reflecti'Ons it did seem address of which als'O was given on that wall. awfully regrettable that a son should be so obstinate.. It was ruinous not 'Only to me but to the Upon arrival at the church I was kindly welwhole family and an annoyance to the neighbor- comed by a man 'Of G'Od, and, to make the story h'O'Od. One day in desperation I decided to run short, I was born again! What an experience! away from home and day after day without rest It seemed to me I had awakened from a bad and sleep I traveled afoot till I reached Atami, dream! By the P'Ower of the Holy Spirit obstinacy the place widely known for "casting away 'Of life." and wickedness were removed from my heart. For a few moments bef'Ore taking the fatal jump Bitterly crying over the good-for-nothing past into the deep water at the f'O'Ot of the famous cliff life I repented fr'Om my innermost being, and the s'Omehow I was able t'O control the terrible feel- bright star of hope shined forth on the pathway 'Of ings of excitement of my heart while I took paper life. and pen out of my pocket to write a farewell note. In anguish I flung my head back and what should I was awfully ashamed 'Of the way I had treated happen but that my eyes fell on the words written my parents, and at once I set out 'On the way home on the smoothly cut mountain wall to the very detouring a bit to see an uncle in Tokyo. Finally, right 'Of me: in true humility and shame, in torn bodily garb, I "Wait a m'Oment! Reconsider!" returned t'O the presence of my longed-for parents. Reading those words again I read what followed I had run away hoping to wash out sin and un- righteousness in the ocean waters at Atami but them. instead of that mistaken attempt I met J €Sus Christ who renewed and clothed me with the robe

of His salvation. What a joy has come into my Word of God, written on the above mentioned heart! wall about twelve years ago–rewritten many times since-by an elderly Japanese man of God. "Next I called on the pastor of the church in His implicit confidence in the saving power of the our community and met with wonderful kindness. pure Word of God has been abundantly honored Now I am praising God for the power of the Gos- and he and his wife have had all they could do pel of Jesus Christ which was first brought to in dealing with the lost who have come to them my attention on the mountain wall at Atami." for instruction and guidance into the restful peace of Christ which He promised in Matthew 11: 38. This is one of hundreds of similar stories of lives that have been saved by the reading of the Korean Christian Te'stimony By F. S. MILLER, Chungju, Korea W HEN one of the Korean evangelists was interest in the Bible, their Sabbath observance working among Chinese across the border and their zeal for souls. in Manchuria, a Chinese woman asked: The Korean Presbyterian Mission in Shantung "Are you preaching what these Koreans be- Province, China, has helped to change the neighlieve?" borhood and has proved that self-support will work in China as in Korea. Reports come also "Yes, the same Jesus." that Korean Christians who migrated to Mexico have wielded the same helpful influence there and "Then I want you to tell me more about it. I a missionary in India recently translated and have been to their church to find the secret of their printed stories of Korean experience to stimulate happiness and peace but I cannot understand the Christians of his own province. what they say."

After listening to the Gospel she started home- A former Jewish rabbi writes in a recent book ward. The evangelist visited her on the following that one day he entered a store in Philadelphia and day when the woman gathered all the family to saw two Koreans in very earnest conversation.

listen to the Christian message. He asked what the trouble was and was told of In the early colonial days in America, the the struggle of the Koreans for freedom. The story won his sympathy and he invited the Ko- Scotch-Irish scattered through the forests of the reans to his home to talk further over the matter. new territory built churches and schoolhouses When they met, one of the Koreans said, "Let us everywhere. In the same way the Koreans are pray first." As the rabbi listened to that prayer scattering their churches and schools over Man- he became convinced of the power of Christ even churia and East Mongolia. As in America, many in the non-Christian world and eventually gave leading men in business, politics and the profes- himself to the Master. sions came from those little log churches and schools so we confidently expect that the young The Korean Christians take their new faith now being trained in the Christian churches and seriously and simply. Prayer is a real and regschools of Manchuria will take a leading part in ular part of their lives. They have their faults, the development of Eastern Asia. Some years ago and we missionaries, with thirty generations of a young Korean who moved to Manchuria from a Christianity behind us, may expect too much from Choong Chung church became a magistrate and first generation Christians, but we thank God for boys reared in the first Christian schools of Korea their genuine qualities and for their widening inhave become physicians in Manchuria. fluence. The story of what Christ has done in Korea has given new faith, courage and hope to As God chose little Judea, set in the midst of Christians scattered all over the world. what were then the world's largest nations, to be The results of Christian missions in Korea are His seedbed from which He sent evangelists to all the fruit of conservative, spiritual Christianity the known world, may He not have chosen Chosen which accepts the Bible as the Word of God, beto be His seedbed for the Far East? Japan has lieves in the miracles as the workings of an everalready felt the influence of Korean Christians and present and active Creator, and is convinced that Japanese Christians say that they have something there is "no other name under heaven, that is to learn from the Korean Church – from their given among men, wherein we must be saved" prayerfulness, their liberality, self-support, their than the name of Jesus Christ, the Son of God.

Missionary and His Native

FIFTY or more years ago it was comparatively His own people are beginning to attain to easy to lead and guide a people newly con- heights in education and scholarship which were quered, not only in warfare and material regarded by his forefathers as only the rights of things, but also in those deeper spiritual beliefs the white man. He is therefore becoming very which had been there since time began. The white conscious of these achievements and is beginning man and his science had brought doubt to the to wonder if he really needs the white man to minds of even the most conservative as to the work out his salvation, whether the trust he has reality and truth of his own magic, his religion, placed in him so long has not been in vain, in the and his ancestor worship. The white settler be- real things of his everyday life. He is beginning side him was uninfluenced by his superstitions; to look to his own black fellow men for guidance he prospered in spite of his unbelief and his jeer- and help, and the white man at the head becomes ing at the much feared witch doctor; his cattle a mere figurehead to whom only certain things increased; his fields were fertile; his children can be told and the rest left untouched. He is lived and were healthy, without his depending in literally becoming "difficult." He is learning every any way on those things on which his black neigh- day to be like his white fellow worker, outwardly bor depended. This was bound to affect the Bantu polite and civil, hiding a great deal of what he adversely and make him doubt very seriously his thinks of him, but nevertheless seeing through a own background and his ways of living and think- great deal and despising much, thus creating a ing, and an almost complete lack of confidence in state of affairs in which real harmonious and cohimself and his fellows was sure to take place. operative effort is an impossible task. He and his fellows discuss fully what they think of their The missionary, in his most admirable zeal and white colleagues, their work amongst them and ardor to civilize and Christianize, helped to in- their influence, but it is in very rare cases that crease this doubt, and in breaking down as savage the Bantu worker will be frank enough to tell his and barbaric all native institutions and customs, white fellow workers what he and others of his helped to increase this ever growing lack of con- race really think. They have found to their sorfidence in what belonged to the people and was row that such frank declarations on their part are part of their life. This process has gone on for greatly resented. They are considered inferior, over a hundred years in some parts of South and any suggestion of criticism of their superiors Africa. But now the Bantu has got used to the is considered altogether presumptuous. The relanew ways. Many of the young people of today tions between the two parties are therefore so have grown up knowing no other life but that strained and stiff that very seldom do you find which the missionary preached so well to their real intimate friendship existing between white great-grandfathers and their sons. He has grown and black in our native missionary schools and up with a clearer vision of what life really is and churches. If this state of affairs is as I have has been able to view his white neighbor, not as pictured it and as m~ny others know it to be, the some wonderful god who knows all, but as a inevitable question amongst Bantu youth workhuman being with faults and misdeeds like his ing under such conditions is, UApart from his own. Hence the old state of worship of the white man because he is white is fast dying off, and the academic qualifications, which he uses within the Bantu is becoming more critical and ever so much precincts of his classroom and therefore to a very more "difficult to manage." He is becoming mis- limited group, what is the gain in having white trustful of even the best .amongst his white friends teachers in our native schools? Is it not far betbecause he has so often trusted and been disap- ter to have men of our own race, perhaps not so pointed. He is suspicious, and is more confident well equipped academically, but yet giving of their in himself and in gui'ding his own life. His secrets all, being one with their fellow workers and with are now his own and not to be shared with the the students and making life much more natural missionary who used to be his father's trusted and easy, as the Bantu like it to be." This quesguide and helper. He is becoming race conscious tion will have to be faced more and more in fuand nationalistic, nor does he now hide his head ture and resentment on the part of either white in shame when the "immoral customs and habits" or black over frank discussions of some of these of his race are mentioned, because he has learned topics will only help make the situation more that such customs and habits are to a greater or lesser degree the heritage of all people, his white acute. neighbors included. MRS. F. Z. MATTHEWS, a member of the Xosa race, wife of a native professor, and her- self a teacher.

[601 ]

Ways of

'rested Methods for Increasing Interest at Home EDITED BY MRS. ESTELLA S. AITCHISON, GRANVILLE, OHIO World Peace and Evangelism results, this statement is ac- feres with missionary endeavors. cepted by many as even more Thinking Christians are aware Never before was the subject true than it was fifteen years of Peace and War so integral a ago. If there ever was a time that the last war dealt a severe part of the Christian program when warfare was necessary or blow to the churches and mission for World Redemption as now. desirable, that time is now past. work. How can we, as disciples The testimony of missionaries is The peoples of the world are of Christ, send the Gospel of love universally to the effect that ov- waking up to the fact that twen- to other peoples and at the same ergrown nationalism and its off- time condone and support the spring – the war spirit – are tieth century warfare no longer destruction of our neighbors and well-nigh insuperable obstacles exemplifies the spirit of glory, of ourselves by prejudices, lies, to progress in spreading the Gos- discriminations and violence? It pel of Christ, the Prince of patriotism and supreme sacrifice is difficult to conceive of a more Pe'ace. Without exception the that has characterized past wars insincere or two-faced situation. missionary plans and literature of humankind. War today is a of the denominations that have "racket"; and the sins of greed, It was proclaimed that the sent material for use in this de- falsehood and suspicion, hatred World War was going to make partment give a prominent place and murder are its very lifeto endeavors for shaping up the blood. If wars are still inevita- the world more "safe for democ- Peace Mind. It is especially fit- ble it is because people are unting that in this month which racy," but the opposite has been commemorates the birth of Je- willing to abandon selfishness, or proved more nearly true. Not sus Christ and echoes the An- are blinded by greed and profit, gels' Song of "Peace on earth: or crazed by racial prejudice and only have dictatorships flourgood will to men" we should pre- false propaganda, all of which ished since the conflict but relisent materials majoring upon gion itself has been jeopardized. that great theme. Your Depart- are at variance with Christian In addition, nationalism with its ment Editor's earnest injunction teachings. The time has come is that every reader should do deification of the State is becomsomething to stimulate the pur- when the Church must choose ing so nearly a substitute for repose and forward the plans of between Christ and Mars, for the Mind for Peace. We are glad war is everything that Chris- ligion that, if it continues, govto present herewith an article ernments will take precedence written especially for the depart- tianity is not. over the claims of conscience and ment by an outstanding leader in The deep abiding spirit of this line. of faith in God. Christians must Christ and His way of life is ex- not allow patriotism to degener- CHRISTIAN RESPONSIBILITY FOR pressed in the word "love." It includes not only love for God ate into selfish, un-Christlike na- PEACE and love of neighbor but love for tionalism.

Fifteen years ago the former one's enemies. Out of this fun- We should be reminded of the American Chief of Staff, Gener- damental spirit of IQve spring existence of a peace movement al Tasker H. Bliss, said: "The within the Church. Three deresponsibility is entirely on the two Christian concepts: first, professing Christians of the belief in the supreme worth of nominations-the Church of the United States. If another war every human being; and, second, B ret h r e n (or Dunkards) , like the last one should come faith in the brotherhood of man they will be responsible for without regard to race, color or Friends and Mennonites are every drop of blood that will be known as the historic "peace shed." Now that we know more political state. In contrast war churches" because from their beabout how wars are made and ginnings they have opposed" war, understand their far-reaching thrives on hate. It violates hu- man personality and regjments upheld freedom of conscience and have placed allegiance to human beings. Because of the new hatreds and new problems God above allegiance to ea.rthly it creates, war is the relentless rulers. Members of the s e foe of human brotherhood. churches who refuse to partici- pate in war are called "consci- Not only must followers of entious objectors." Very reluc- Christ oppose war because of its repudiation of His teachings, tantly other denominations, in- cluding the Methodists, Congre- but because it seriously inter- gationalists and Christians and [ 602] the Unitarians have asked that

EFFECTIVE WAYS OF WORKING

the same exemption from com- tion, not a decision, and often that several were on their feet to batant service be accorded their achieves its results better by be- speak simultaneously until time conscientious objectors. The ing an indirect appeal, in the had to be called and the meeting spirit of the early Church, up- form of a discussion among a closed. The participating panel- held by the small historic peace platform group, talking as if ists then took their places at a churches during centuries of spontaneously a m 0 n g them- peace literature table and dis- strife and persecutions, bids fair selves. Sending for an abund- pensed free leaflets and pamph- to become the prevailing force ance of varied peace literature, lets and recommended pay ma- of modern Christendom in its organizing and assigning it to terials to an eager throng. In turn toward the nonviolent way several good woman speakers at the foregoing, the speakers had of Christ. the Lakeside, Ohio, chautauqua, notes (but no manuscript) con- With the coming Christmas last August, the Editor led such cealed beneath the fancy work season it is incumbent upon a panel after this fashion: in their laps. Comments and re- churches and missionary organ- Everything was carefully pre- marks were made all through izations everywhere to make pared but not memorized or redefinite provision in their pro- cited as in a dialogue. Five the talks but not in such a way grams for the proclaiming of women entered and sat down in as to throw the speakers off their a living room scene to do fancy line of thought, as, "I believe Christ as the Prince of Peace. work under soft shaded lamps that too"; "I don't quite agree Every church should have a with you"; "That looks feas- peace committee headed by a while they talked as if sponta- ible," etc. wide-awake, interested chair- neously. The leader explained man. Encourage your paster to her motive in calling these The following literature is preach peace on Armistice Day friends together to counsel with recommended: Sunday, Christmas, Goodwill her on the peace-and-war situa- Day and other appropriate tion, expressing her own trou- The W. I. L. discussion group out- bled confusion of mind. She line, "World Peace the Responsibility dates. First there must be the called on Mrs. A- to give the of the Church," with study packet, will for peace. If your church gist of a private conversation 35 cents. they had had the other day, and has been slow in teaching peace, the latter responded in an eight- "Publication List with Prices," free. minute talk covering the peace "World Citizenship and the Relistrive for an impressive Christ- educational plans mnd methods. gious Program," free. mas program on international "Women's International League for goodwill and for at least one Mrs. B- breaks in at a pre- Peace and Freedom – Programs and program on peace each quarter arranged point and says that is Policies," free. all very well but something more The foregoing may be ordered from during the coming year in the p r act i c a I – something with The Women's International League, 1924 Chestnut St., Philadelphia, Pa. church school. The young people "teeth" in it-must be done. She "What Can Christians Do for talks for another brief period on Peace?" by Theodore A. Greene; a will enjoy giving one of the many auxiliary political, legislative sylla.JUs prepared for use by church and organizational methods. discussion groups. 25 cents. excellent peace plays now avail- "Is War the Way?" by John L. Mrs. C-is so full of enthusi- Lobingier; a six-session course for inable. If the will for peace is well asm she can hardly wait to tell dividual reading and church study established in your congregation, of ways for attacking the subject groups. 25 cents. from the purely religious side. then embark upon a plan of ac- "Proposed Roads for Peace," by tion. Study groups are recom- The leader then asks Mrs'. Richard M. Fagley; adult education mended among young people and D-, who has been listening in- series. 35 cents. tently and taking notes from adults to make clear the social time to time, to give the group Order the above three from The Piland economic causes of war- the benefit of her tabulative, sys- grim Press, Boston, Mass. fare and suggest peace action tematic mind; whereupon Mrs. programs and projects. The D- partly talks and partly "The Price of Peace," by E. Guy reads a well organized outline Talbott; a handbook on America's need is great for intelligent international relations. 25 cents. Na- Christians to pioneer in this vi- tional Council for Prevention of War, tal and urgent field of goodwill 532 17th St., N. W., Washington, D. C. among nations and help the idealistic lovers of peace to keep "Thinking It Through," by Evelyn R. their feet on the gI'ound through Nicholson; a discussion on World practical achievements. Peace. 10 cents. Methodist Book Concern, New York. MRS. OLIVE SMITH BOWMAN, of the things churches, young people's groups, Sunday schools, "Youth Action in Building a War- Pennsylvania State Chairman of women's missionary organiza- less World." 15 cents. International Religious Contacts Committee, Council of Religious Education, 203 Women's International League tions, clubs and community citi- N. Wabash Ave., Chicago, Ill. for Peace and Freedom. "What Shall We Do About War,"

zens in general can do. by Sherwood Eddy and Kirby Page.

The leader then rises and ad- 15 cents. Eddy and Page, 347 Madi- son Ave., New York. dresses the audience for the first PLANS AND MATERIALS time, asking them f,or their re- List of Material and Suggestions The Department Editor has for Exhibits, free. found the panel discussion one "Peace Action" – a monthly paper of the best ways of arousing in- action upon the subject. giving news and suggestions for prac- tical action. 5 cents per copy. Order the above two, also a variety terest and spreading informa- The Lakeside audience as rep- of plays and pageants, from The Na- tion. This form of discussion resented in the women's club, tional Council for the Prevention of aims at education and inspira- was so enthusiastic and eager War, 532 17th St., N. W., Washington, D. C.

"Suggested Selections for Programs Prevention of War (address as pre- God's great gift to us. (The use of a for Armistice Day, Good Will Day viously given). Christmas tree on which each story- and Other Peace Days," for Sunday "Christ Is Born in Bethlehem"- teller places a large gold star to repschools, elementary schools and high beautiful nativity play introducing resent her field adds to the interest.) schools, free. American Interracial prophets, shepherds, kings, angels and For a woman's missionary meeting. Peace Committee, 20 S. 12th St., Phil- a chorus singing familiar carols. Open meeting by singing "Hark, the adelphia, Pa. Three scenes, 16 or more characters. Herald Angels Sing," followed with 50 cents. Woman's Press, 600 Lex- prayer. Christmas carols played on Much is being attempted by ington Ave., New York. "Eagerheart"-Christmas play suit- the Qrgan are echoed to adjoining lec- able for use on Sunday evening. Fifthe Youth Division of the Emer- teen or more characters. 1% hours. ture room where audience is seated. gency Peace Compaign, in which Chappel and Co., 41 E. 34th St., New Devotional period culminates in cornet solo, "Silent Night." Van Dyke's more than 225 college men and Christmas story, "Let Us Go Even women spent two months last York. unto Bethlehem," is told or read; summer organizing, instructing "Long Ago in Judea" -unusual then a mother holding her baby reads working over of the Christmas nar- a Christmas poem. At this time the and stimulating people all over rative. Two scenes. Seventeen char- room is darkened and a star shines the U. S. to work for peace. acters. 30 cents. Samuel French, 25 out revealing the spirits of Christ, They tried to "strengthen the W. 45th St., New York. Love and Service bringing gifts. A pacific alternatives to war, make Similar list of 60 good Christmas lighted cross brings to view a small political and eoonomic changes dramatizations, also lists of Easter, Christmas tree covered with tinsel but Children's Day, Thanksgiving, tem- no ornaments. During singing the necessary for a just and peace- three spirits distribute to audience ful world order, and unite in one perance, stewardship, Mothers' Diy, tiny white stockings. Place offerings dynamic movement all those in- Home and Foreign mission and gen- in these and marching to the tree, dividuals and organization.s will- eral plays and pageants in a pamph- hang stockings on it, thus decorating ing to work against war . . . tree and receiving the offering. A SQ- let entitled "Catalog of Plays and cial hour mav follow. They plan to work on 1,000 col- Pageants," a veritable treasure house lege campuses in the U. S. Twen- of usable material. 10 cents. Send "Christmas Around the World." to The Baptist Board of Education, This program consisted of tableaux Department of Missionary Education, behind a large veiled frame, giving the ty-five field secretaries covering 152 Madison Avenue, New York. appearance of a picture. A chorus of every state in the union will re- women sang the accompanying carol . cruit volunteers for next sum- Program Suggestions: while tableau was being shown and mer's program – peace patrol between tableaux. (1) Carol, "God "The Life of Christ in Song." teams to do work in the commu- Hymns and songs given by young Rest Ye, Merry Gentlemen." Tableau, nities surrounding the colleges." people, with appropriate Christmas (Woman's Home Missions.) Try readings between each two numbers. six carollers grouped around tall Eng- lish lamp post, holding books and ap- "Tuning in on Christmas." Plat- pearing to sing. (2) Carol, "Tannento have your church young peo- form arranged to represent broadcast- baum." Tableau, The Home of the ple link themselves up with this ing studio with microphone, etc. Christmas Tree. A little German boy Leader taking part of announcer and girl, each with a toy, stand near promising movement. stands at microphone as program be- lighted tree, a table, chair, etc., add- PLAYS AND PAGEANTS gins, her opening announcement in- ing home touch. Joy is the theme. cluding call letters suitable for the (3) Carol, "Silent Night." Tableau, particular group and statement that a Among suitable plays and pa- Christmas program is about to be A Christmas Eve Midnight Service in geants for Christmas meetings broadcast from the studio (place of France. An altar with cross and are the following: lighted candles in center of picture meeting) . As each number is an- suggests cathedral interior. Worship- nounced the person taking the part pers kneel in prayer. (4) Carol, "A Christmas Car 0 1" – original should be ready to step to the micro- "While Shepherds Watched Their dramatization of Dickens' charming phone that there may be no awkward Flocks by Night." Tableau, Christstory portraying the true Christmas pauses. Announcer reminds audience mas in a Chinese Mission. American spirit. 20 characters. 1112 hours. 35 at the start that there can be no missionary seated holding open Christcents. Christmas obt':ervation where the mas box from which she is handing Christ story is unknown and that the out gifts to Chinese girls grouped "Christmas for All Nations"-intro- program will bring messages from around. Use Chinese costumes, furducing children of all nationalities our representatives who are telling nishings, curios. Fine for stressing who describe their customs and be- the Story around the world. (This White Cross gifts. liefs. 15 or more young folks. 40 plan fine for incorporating material minutes. 25 cents. (5) Carol, "Up on the Housetop."

Order these two from March from THE REVIEW and denominational Tableau, Christmas in the U. S. Little Brothers, 208 Wright Ave., Lebanon, missionary magazines.) boy and girl in night clothes peek Ohio. "The Real Christmas Tree" (Tree through door watching Santa Claus "A Christmas Mystery"-finest of of Life). Its branches spread over empty his pack in front of fireplace. Christmas songs and carols sung by all lands and its leaves are "for the Lighted tree at side. (6) Carol, "The audience while Christmas story is healing of the nations." After song First Noel." Tableau, Unity in presented in pantomime culminating service of the familiar music, read Adoration. Manger scene. Carol is in final tableau. 15 cents. Isaiah 9: 6 and the Christmas story sung as introduction preceding show- as told by Luke, followed by the sing- ing of picture. When curtains are "At the Door of the Inn" – good reader and 30 or more characters. ing of "Hark, the Herald. Angels drawn at close of scene, audience joins 1 % hours. 20 cents. Sing." Leader points out that as our in singing "In Him There Is No East Order these from The Pilgrim missionaries tell the Christmas story Nor West." Press, Boston, Mass. . they see the fulfilment of the promise, All the foregoing suggestions are "Around the World with Santa "light and life to all He brings." Sev- taken from "Progr~m Pointers," a Claus"-American boy and girl per- eral members then tell (not read) mimeographed sheet issued monthly suade Santa to take them on his jour- stories of the work at home and by Miss Elizabeth I. Fensom, Program ney around the world, a typical scene abroad (see THE REVIEW and denom- Secretary, Baptist Council on Finance in each country thus visited being inational leaflets). Close with hymn, and Promotion, 152 Madison Ave., shown. Four adults, 10 or more chil- "In Christ There Is No East nor New York City. Subscription price, dren. 10 cents. National Council for West" and prayer of gratitude for 25 cents per year.

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BULLETIN OF The Council of Women for Home Missions ANNE SEESHOLTZ, EXECUTIVE SECRETARY, 105 EAST TWENTY-SECOND STREET, NEW YORK Bring an Old and Crippled Prayer home life, why Mary and the Child '!When wilt Thou save thy peo- angels sang, why the Shepherds ple, Lord?" When we behold and wise men came bringing Alfred Noyes in "A Spell (An gifts. May no Christmas gift of Excellent Way to Get a F'airy)" the wonder of the Christ-child, ours to the children be unworthy leads one through man's various born among good, poor folk and of thee, the gift from God. For attempts to capture the quality the sake of the little children of in life often symbolized by "a outside an inn, and consider the world, help us to consecrate fairy." Each unsuccessful trial, what the life of our Lord Jesus ourselves to Thee and thy Way he concludes with the words, Christ has meant to us and of Life. Amen. myriads like us, and then re- If this fail, at break of day, member before thee, our sin Call to the Twelfth Conference There remains a better way. against thy love and sin against on the Cause and Cure of War our fellowmen – yea, neglecting The "Spell" is concluded by The Twelfth Annual Conferwords, the wisdom of which even the little ones of our own neighborhood, we cry for thy cannot be escaped, and the coun- loving kindness! "Be merciful ence on the Cause and Cure of sel of which few persons accept unto us, and bless us." War will take place in Chicago, lest someone call them "foolish!" Cause us to see and serve the at the Palmer House, January But during the "Christ-child" children, Lord, not only those of 26-29, 1937. The theme will be festival, we seem more free than our own household but even "Today in Peace and War" and at other times. Our hearts are these little old ones who are crip- delegates from the eleven namore gentle and our wills are pled and wizened at seven. Keep tional organizations of American more swift to perform lovely us from shirking our responsi- women participating in the Conacts. The poet in his "Excellent bility for these hurt children. ference will consider the barriway to get a fairy" suggests that Make us see the futility of bring- ers to international cooperation, we act so- ing children into the world only and the building up of effective Bring an old and crippled child to spoil and despoil them. Help peace machinery. Some of the Ah, tread softly, on tiptoe!- us to do what we can to feed highlights will be the "Interro- them-clothe them-leave them gation Luncheons," the Univer- Tattered, tearless, wonder-wild, "for an hour alone." Teach us sity of Chicago Round Table, and From that underworld below, how to tell them aright the the Marathon Round Tables Bring a wizened child .of seven meaning of this saying, We will luncheon. The number of dele- Reeking from the City slime, Out of hell into your heaven, Set her knee-deep in the thyme. listen, Lord. Thou art the Way gates allocated to the church Feed her-clothe her-even so! -the Truth-the Life! Thou groups, is only two hundred. Set her on a fairy throne. hast said we all must be more Register early. The fee is $5.00 When her eyes begin to glow childlike in order to enter payable at the Conference. For Leave her for an hour-alone. Heaven. Teach us the stories of the first time the Conference is And then Noyes concludes "A the Christ-child, of his early to be held in the Middle. West thus enabling many Spell" with the assur- ance that women to attend who Though her head have been unable to be old and wise, got 0 Washington.

You shall know Please write immedi- that she has ately either to the For- seen them eign Missions Confer- By the glory in ence, 156 Fifth her eyes. Ave., New and that ….. ———– York, N. Y., or When she lifts her THE ONLY CHIUSTMAS THIS MIGRANT FAMILY WILL HAVE The Council of head and sings, ., Women for Home Mi s- You shall h ear sions, 105 East and un der- 22d St., N. Y. stand.

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Introducing Miss Lowry old friendships strengthened. remedied the difficulty or made And I thank you one and all. On October 15, your editor the matter understandable as a "The work lies in what I call closed gently the doors on the the religious-social area, diverse part of the process of growth last five years of "life and work," enough in factors and flexible and turned toward the new paths enough in form (although thirty and change. True, there has not ahead. Of first importance is years old) to be considered a the remarkable fact that on the genuine 'laboratory' for effective been eough financial resources to same day Miss Edith E. Lowry, Christian service. In this area my associate in the work of the of service are definitely new care for advance in work which forms of cooperation among Council of Women for Home quite different church groups; seemed essential. That has MissioLs, became Executive Sec- also, there are unified programs retary, and the new Editor of caused the Executive Secretary the Bulletin, and Miss Charlotte EDITH E. LOWRY Mary Burnham became 'concern' both in the general and Associate Secretary. secured through the coordina- tion of varied social skills and the Indian work. Nevertheless, What may be called resources, and other programs in the making; and the cowork- each year has seen advance in "full tide of life" moves ers are consecrated Christian through all the work of leaders. If asked to do so, I the conception that this interdethe Council of Women for could make specific the descrip- Home Missions. It seems tion of the area just given. nominational work is denominato the Editor, signs of tional responsibility. Many good health that her resig- "The program of work places nation could take place in ~ clear emphasis on the functions -, of you receive me as a June, that a Committee on of the Christian Church _with a program rather than per- mission to proclaim the Gospel member of your own de- of the true way of life. Organi- nomination, reporting to sonnel was named, that zational difficulties, personality the new Executive Secre- clashes, financial worries, have your membership either tary could accept a ready during the years found secondadjustment to be made in ary emphasis, except occasion- in person at Annual Meetthe set-up of the work ally, and then the good spiritual ings or Institutes, or by (Miss Lowry continues to health of the whole work SDon direct the Migrant Work) written reports. And this and that the farewell has greatly helped in the luncheon was also the wel- work of the Council .of come luncheon to the newly elected secretaries. Women for Home Mis- The last days were like a sions. prolonged festival wit h friends – flo w e r sand "The work is one of ingifts, laughter and tears, creasing com i t y among and altogether of more significance t han words the Boards. It was thrill- ing to come into a work can tell. In response to the gra- which was closing a Five- Year Period of Survey cious and witty expression of appreciations at the Luncheon and Adjustment (and adfollowing the last Administrative j ustments had actually Committee meeting, your Editor gave briefly an explanation of taken place); and now to her personal satisfaction in the have participated in a secresponsibilities that had been ond period of five-year hers since January, 1932. planning known as Strat- In introducing Miss Edith Lowry to you, the brief explana- egy and Planning for adtion is again given on request: vance on the whole task "The work of the Executive of the church. Then, too, the beginnings of coordi- Secretary of the Council of Women for Home Missions has nation in pro g ram of been one of teaching, preaching, w r i tin g and administrative four interdenominational work, both on the field, as we bodies as shown in the acsay, and at h e a d qua r t e r s. tive Inter-Council Fie I d Through this work, many new friendships have been made, and Committee indicates, at the very least, the will to good spiritual health of Protestant church forces. And this took place when national life was characterized by what we call 'the depres- sion.' " You will find the Editor at home, The Westchester, 4000 Cathedral Avenue, Washington, D. C. ANNE SEESHOLTZ.

*** The Annual Meeting of the Home Missions Council and the Council of Women for Home Missions, including the National Conference on the City Church will be held at the Berkeley Carteret Hotel, Asbury Park, New Jersey, January 11-14, 1937.

World–wide

A Missionary Newspaper of Current Events EDITED BY MRS. HENRIETTA H. FERGUSON, XENIA, OHIO NORTH AMERICA single persons; and single lower Scripture Hunger in Virginia Cutting Suicide Rate than' widowed or divorced per- A group of Christian workers last year opened a Sunday school Some one in the United States sons. -Literary Digest. in an abandoned church near commits suicide every half-hour. Beldor, Virginia, in the Blue Annually, for thirty years; 20,- Boys' Gospel Team Ridge mountains. Last May, ac- 000 persons have taken their companied by a minister, they lives; 40,000 more have tried The Asheville Farm School for held a service at the mountain and failed. But The Spectator, Boys has a Gospel Team. Five home of a cripple, when 66 were insurance agents' magazine, es- active, and eleven associate present. This cripple promised, timates that suicides had ebbed members have divided into three if he knew when the minister to 17,000 in 1935, lowest number groups for the work for the fol- would return, to have 100 presin ten years. Next to economic lowing month. One group is ent. Two weeks later, 104 came. upturn, the chief factor in this working on the morning devo- The next visit, a week later, was decrease is the National Save-a- tions program, the second group rewarded with an attendance of Life League. Ministering to 400 on the program for the young over 150. People came from would-be suicides. a month, Doc- people at Marshall, and the third various directions, while only tor Harry W. Warren, the presi- on the program for the mission- one house is visible from the dent, has saved 30,000 persons ary society at Farm School. The place where the meeting is held. since he founded his organiza- boys have set a definite goal to tion thirty years ago. work toward, and are trying for One family living more than vast improvement over last year. four miles away has not missed Some cases require medical or a service since the work began. psychiatric treatment; others -Owl and Spade. The parents and two of the chillegal or financial aid. Last year, dren walk, while the three staff workers called on 1,387 Helping the "Share Croppers" smaller ones are placed on an old Greater New York homes where mule, which the father leads. suicide had been committed, Moved by the suffering of the 1,991 homes where it had been "share croppers" in the South, The best pew is a flat board attempted. Sherwood Eddy, from funds about six inches wide, and many raised by appeal, purchased over in the audience are seated on Dr. F. L. Hoffman, statistician 2,000 acres of rich delta land in round poles about six or seven attached to the University of the State of Mississippi, and has inches in diameter. The work- Pennsylvania, has clipped sui- invited dispossessed families· to ers say they have never seen cide items for 25 years and come and settle, in cooperative such a hunger for Scripture makes the following deductions: communities. These poor peo- truth. the west coast had a rate nearly ple, largely Negroes, who have double that of the New England cultivated small sections of land -Moody Institute Monthly. states. of large owners under a share system, have been so systemati- Increased Gifts Suicides, depressed by winter cally ground by the owners that discouragements, tend to pick they have joined hands in self- For the first time since 1929, summer and late spring for their defence, and have as a result one year's contributions of the acts. been evicted from their tenan- local churches of the Presby- cies. The whole South seems to terian Church in the U. S. A. Men make up three-quarters be suffering from the evils of showed an increase of more of the deaths. Main cause: busi- this sharecropping system, and than $1,000,000 during the year ness failure. But girls, more this effort to help them on a ending March 31, 1936. The often than boys up to the age of large scale on a cooperative plan 8,975 local churches contributed nineteen, take their lives. Main is described by one expert as $36,801,474. This is a gain of cause: unrequited love. Up to "on the verge of the biggest $1,082,943 over the preceding thirty-nine, only one-half to one- thing in human welfare in this year, which had registered an third as many women commit country. The possibilities of increase of $421,304 over the suicide as do men; beyond forty, this constructive program are year ended March 31, 1934. only one-sixth. Married people staggering." From 1929 to 1934 an annual show a lower suicide rate than decrease had been reported. -United Church Review.

[607 ]

More communicant members bution of higher education un- paths to that highway and the were added during the year, der Christian auspices to such outside world. There are almost both on profession of faith and conservation; the responsibility no doctors, only a few schools, on certificates of transfer from of the Presbyterian Church in and only six churches, three other churches, than in the pre- the U. S. A. to play its part in Baptist and three Catholic. Lack ceding year. Additions on pro- making this indispensable confession totaled 78,207 and on tribution to the conservation of of Christian education have left certificate 43,940. these spiritual values." these people debased and degen- erate in the extreme. Of the $36,801,474 contributed -Presbyterian Banner. by the local churches, $25,539,- -So S. Times. 999 was used for local congregational expenses. Gifts to benevo- A "Million Unit Fellowship" Moody Still Speaks lence causes made by living givers amounted to $4,852,481. The Methodist Episcopal About forty-two years ago Per capita the church gave for Church, comprising 4,000,000 Dwight L. Moody founded the all purposes $19.18, which is 62 communicants in the U. S. and Bible Institute Colportage Assocents more than during the pre- I,UOO,OOO in 40 mission fields, ciation of Chicago. The extent ceding year. is launching a new movement to which this service of the to be known as the "Million Unit printed page has grown is shown -Presbyterian Tribune. in the latest annual report of the Fellowship." Plans for Presbyterian association. During the past fis- Centennial The purposes are: (1) the in- cal year, the association has pub- spiration and renewal of per- lished and distributed no less On June 24th the Presbyterian sonal devotion to the ideals, life than 4,184,357 copies of its own General Council, meeting in pUblications, (a gain of nearly Philadelphia, adopted several and social standards of Christ; basic principles to be followed (2) to mobilize the resources of 450,000 copies over 1935), bein the raising of $1,000,000 or sides the sale of thousands upon less for the world-wide work of the church for study of, and ac- thousands of Bibles, books and the church and $10,000,000 or tion· upon, the social and eco- magazines printed by other less for Christian higher educa- nomic problems of the day; (3) evangelical publishers. All this tion; among them the following: the stabilizing of Methodist literature was dis t rib ute d opinion in support of the "Chris- throughout the United States (1) That the centennial cele- tian Way" and (4) the renewal and several foreign countries as bration of the Board of Foreign of personal devotion among a missionary effort. Those re- Missions is primarily inspira- ceiving free literature include tional and educational, and that Methodists to the world mission prisoners, patients in federal, the financial aspects of the cen- of the church. state and city hospitals and santennial will be subordinated to atoriums, children in mountain these primary purposes. (2) Bishop Frederick T. Keeney, and pioneer schools, seamen on That during the calendar year . ocean vessels, young men in CCC 1937 the Board of Foreign Mis- who is Director of the new Fel- camps, and the neglected peoples sions in presenting its financial lowship, says: of Alaska, Africa, India, Latin program will make reference to America, the Philippines, Spain the "Capital Purposes Fund" of "So far as the 4,000,000 comthe Boards of Christian Educa- municants of the Methodist and French Louisiana. Teachers tion and National Missions Episcopal Church are concerned in 115 mountain counties rewhich is to be raised in the three ceived during the year 210,696 following calendar years, 1938- and three to four million other copies of the Gospel of John 40. (3) During the calendar persons who are the natural conyears 1936 and 1937 a publicity stituency of our church, we are approach to the church will be going to try for the spontaneous, made by the Boards of Christian creative and internal type of or- Education and National Mis- dered living." sions in reference to the "Capital Purposes Fund" which is to The Sabine Field (with helps) for their scholars, be sought in the three years fol- together with 82,881 colportage lowing. This approach will be against a background of "con- An area known as the "deep books and 72,858 Evangel book7 servation of the spiritual values woods of the Sabine River bot- lets, and to those scholars who which are necessary to the pres- tom," lying between Louisiana read the Gospel of John and ervation of American democ- and Texas, has a population al- memorized selected passages, racy; the free church in the free most as needy as the dwarfs of 47,561 New Testaments and state; the indispensable contri- darkest Africa. On the Texas Pocket Treasurys were given as side of the Sabine River the rewards. These teachers re- Spanish language is spoken; on port about 250 conversions, and the Louisiana side there are some many others have been estab- 6,000 people speaking English. lished in their faith.

They are a people apart. The Gospel car "Evangel" has There are settlements in the visited sixty-seven cities and "deep woods" that are only fif- towns of Florida, Georgia and teen miles from the highways, the Carolinas during the year, but in which are men and women traveled over 5,000 miles, and who have rarely, if ever, ridden participated in 238 services.

or walked through the wood -The Presbyterian.

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK '609

Carville Leper Hospital Weare not faced with illiteracy- and asked for prayer that they nearly all can read. TJley seem to Dr. H. E. Hasseltine, Director have learned to read in some extraor- may find Christ. of the Leper Hospital at Car- dinary way – how, I do not know. -So S. Times. ville, La., says that a leper can Weare working among a people who come anonymously, change his cover an area greater than that of Seven Year Campaign name while at the Hospital, and, the British Isles, where there is only if cured, leave the place to re- one Mission Station working among The Latin American Prayer sumehis real identity, his ex- two or three thousand people, the maperience never to be known out- jority of whom are inaccessible. Yet Fellowship is undertaking to side of the hospital's secret a large proportion of them come to records. When patients wish to the Mission Station at least once a place a Gospel and a tract in conceal their identity, the hos- year when in the city to obtain suppital authorities cooperate. plies. Then we bring to them the every home in Mexico, in a syste- Word of God. We do not yet have the Since. the founding of the in- whole Bible in Eskimo. . matic house-to-house visitation. stitution, 1,130 lepers have been sent (or gone voluntarily) to They expect to complete this Carville. The inmates are :from 37 states. Four states have each task within seven years. The furnished more than 100. These are: Louisiana, 507; California, work began with three weeks of 158; Texas, 121, and New York, LATIN AMERICA prayer and preparation. One 10l. SJnce 1921, 196 lepers have leader tested the plan in the been paroled, apparently well. Conversion of a Merchant fanatical town of Patzcuaro. Thirty others, also apparently cured, remained voluntarily. Of Don Feliciano is a general In two days over two hundred these.;sent out apparently well, Dr. Hasseltine said, 23 have re- merchant in the Indian village homes were visited, and men and turned with active leprosy. women gladly accepted the Since 1921, 235 have run away. of Cacahuatepec, in an isolated Eighty-five of these are recorded Word. -So S. Times. as still "out," Dr. Hasseltine section of Oaxaca, Mexico. To said, although it is known that some of them have died. get needed medical treatment he Ingathering in Guatemala traveled by airplane and bus to Marked advance is reported in the work among the Quiche Puebla, and during his stay Indians of Guatemala. Las t February there were twenty- started reading a book that eight professions of faith. Two weeks later, at Huehuetanango, gripped him. After returning more than fifty Indians joined the church. During the week home he wrote to Dr. F. L. preceding Easter nineteen more Meadows (medical missionary, became active Christians. In May there were thirteen at in Puebla), asking for a copy Barillas, twenty-one at Retal- hulen, and seven at the dedica- of this book. It was a transla- tion of a new chapel. In three tion of Paul Kanamori's "Three months Rev. Paul Burgess saw 167 publicly dedicate themselves Hour Sermon," which covers to Christ. His own congrega- tion, at Quezaltenango, became the whole scheme of salvation. so large that a new church edi- fice had to be built. Other books followed this one. -The Presbyterian. Czechoslovak Center-Chfcag9 He wrote that he had been a slave to his own ignorance, but At the annual Czechoslovak that now he was free and could Baptist Con v e n t ion of the talk to others on religion. A United States and Canada, held year later Don Feliciano re- in a Czechoslovak church in Chi- turned to Puebla, and on a Sun- cago, several thousand dollars day night in the Baptist church were collected for missionary publicly accepted Christ as his work which the Convention is Saviour. He has now asked an un~ertaking in America, Can- evangelist to come to his little town. -Missions. ada, Czechoslovakia and Poland. Evangelical Work in Paraguay This meeting commemorated 40 Hopeful Signs years of Czechoslovak Baptist It is hoped that the end of the Senor Gonzalez, the secretary Chaco war will allow Christian work in America. to President Cardenas, in an enterprises to go forward un- open letter to Mexican Catholics, hamperea, but the chan,ge to Chicago is a great Czecho- insists that the Catholic clergy military government may cause are inconsistent in demanding some embarrassment to evanslovak center, as 300,000 Czecho- liberties that they cannot, ac- gelical missions, and there is a cording to their dogmas, grant possibility that the religious slovaks live there, and there are to others. He says: "The gov- question will be handled after ernment guarantees to every- the Mexican model. On the seven Czechoslovak B apt i s t body the free exercise of his re- whole, 'however, Evangelicals are ligious beliefs." satisfied with the favorable aschurches, with eleven meeting surances that have been given -Missions. Christian work is now permit- them. Evangelical work in places. ted among "the 5,000 prisoners Paraguay is limited in extent, of the penitentiary in Mexico. but that among the Indians in In Baffin Land One visitor has a list of 120 who the Chaco has acquired :awide have 'accepted 'Gospel potitions, Baffin Land, probably the northernmost of all missionstations, is one of 128 countries to which tl1eScriptureGift Missitm has sent the Bible. Speaking of Scripture distribution there, Mr. Duncan says:

reputation. Evangelistic effort, eign territories, notably in Sene- mit. In these there are more social activity and a mission gal, New Caledonia, Tahiti, than 1,500 scholars, and over among lepers are all represented, and the Loyalty Islands in the 150 teachers.-The Christian. and the International College in South Seas, where, as in Madathe capital is one of the best of gascar, it took over the missions Protestants in Bulgaria such institutions in South Amer- founded by English, American ica. and Norwegian Societies. After Protestantism is stronger and the War, it shared with Amer- more progressive in Bulgaria Vital Work of Bible Societies ican missions the German mis- than in any other Balkan state. sionary work in the mandated The Bible School grew out of a The British and Foreign Bible Cameroun territory. Some of Bib 1e Conference supported Society has been at work in its missionaries labor in Togo- annually for twenty-five years Chile for almost a century; the land and on the Ivory Coast. by the Bible Lands Missions' Aid American Bible Society joined Society. It has two sectionsthem later. Their remarkable -The Life of Faith. one for the training of Biblecirculation of the Bible has led women (some of whom are pasa zealous priest, the Rev. Cosme The Bible in Germany tors' wives); and a three-year Julien, to urge the Archbishop Biblical Theological Seminary of Chile toward a nation-wide The German Bible Societies course for pastors. In the five campaign of preaching based on had a remarkable year in 1934. years of its history, fifty-five stuthe Bible. A Chilean correspond- Persecution has driven the peo- dents have enrolled, and many ent for the Presbyterian Banner ple to the Scriptures. In face of are now working effectually for says: "I have just received a repressive measures of the Hit- Christ as ordained pastors, itin- Roman Catholic edition of the ler regime on churches and the erant evangelists, or lay workfour Gospels which bears the ministry, the Bavarian Society ers. imprimatur of the Bishop of issued 15,269 Bibles as against Argentina. In the introduction 11,970 the preceding year; the There is an annual summer to this attractive little Biblical Saxony Society, 46,994 against school, to which over 100 pasmanual the Bishop writes: 'To 31,062; the Prussian, 169,762 tors and Christian workers make the reading of the word of 'againist 138,990, and the Wurt- gather for a season of Bible God easy is to prepare the way temberg, 844,383 against 715,- study and Christian fellowship. of the Lord. Heaven grant that 542. -Christianity Today. it may reach the hands of the -The Christian. people and great numbers of The Church in Poland them. There is no other way of Polish Jews' Demands reconquering the w 0 rid for The annual conference of mis- Christ.' " sionaries and delegates from the The Jews of Poland have re- indigenous churches in Poland, cently made ten demands of the EUROPE connected with the Russian Mis- government. Among these de- sionary Society, was held this mands are (1) That the name Paris Evangelical Society year at Lutsk. "Christian" shall not be used in any inscription where Jews and For the first time in thirty The conference, which is held Gentiles live side by side; (2) years, with the exception of as much for the teaching and in- that the Jewish Sabbath shall be 1915-16, the Paris Evangelical spiration of the workers, and for officially recognized and that the Foreign Missionary Society has the preaching of the Gospel, as Jews shall have the right to conclosed a year without a deficit. for the conduct of business, cov- duct their businesses on Sunday Pastor Andre Monod writes: "It ered a full week. as if it were a workday; (3) is no longer a question of ampu- that schoolbooks objectionable tating our work; we are able on The record showed that over to the Jews shall be prohibited the contrary to send out all our thirty mission stations had been from the schools; (4) that the missionaries on leave and to send opened during the year, and that title "Christian" as applied to out the indispensable reinforce- there were thirty-four new land, nationality, or church shall ments." workers. The total membership be totally prohibited. is now over 9,000, and the num- This Mission has a long his- ber of evangelists, preachers -World Outlook. tory behind it. At a time when and workers is about 250, most Protestant missions were for- of whom are supported by in- AFRICA bidden in French Colonies the digenous churches. During the Society, founded in 1822, was year these raised a large sum of Cooperation in Egypt given an opening in British money for the support of the South Aft;ica, where it estab- workers, and the maintenance of Rev. E. G. Parry, of Cairo, lished stations in Basutoland, the girls' orphanage at Constan- writes in the C. M. S. Outlook and later in Southern Rhodesia; cin. Sixty-nine Sunday schools that churches in Egypt are beand when the way was open, are now established, but there is coming more and more unity started missions in French for- need for many more, which can conscious, and that so fal:! as pos- be opened as soon as funds per- sible the two great missionary societies in Egypt, the American

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

Presbyterian Mission and the Literacy-Test of Progress further training before being C. M. S. have so arranged their in Egypt placed in little churches in the work that there shall be no over- Illiteracy in Egypt is slowly district." -C. M. S. Outlook. lapping. decreasing. In 1917 the census The E gyp tInter – Mission showed that less than 10 per cent New Church at Nshinga Council, formed in 1920, has of men and only 5 per cent of done most valuable work and, women could read. Ten years Christians of Nshinga, Portuthrough its Committee on "Mis- later (1927) the census showed guese Congo, now have their sions and Government," has that 17.5 per cent of men and 2 own substantial house of worbeen able to present a united per cent of women were literate. ship. In 1932 there was but one front on many questions. Today Egypt has a national Christian there; today there are eighty-eight loyal followers Under the inspiration of the An- school system largely through of Christ. At the first service in glican Native Church, effective work the new building four hundred is being undertaken with members of the generosity and interest of the late King Fuad. Thirty-nine and fifty people were' present to the Coptic Church among both Moslems, and Copts. This is chiefly a lay dailies and 257 journals are pub- share in the dedication of this movement, led by the Secretary of the new church. Several incidents C. M. S., an Egyptian priest and an lished. A new book comes off gave the occasion special signifievangelist from Old Cairo Hospital. the press every day. Illiteracy is A group of Anglican and Coptic lay- not an unsurmountable bar to in- cance. A boy of about twe!ve men are being trained to preach and struction, for, as in seventeenth- recited the whole of the Scripto conduct services in village homes ture lesson faultlessly in excelin districts where there is no church century Eng 1and, the fluent lent Portuguese, and a woman within close distance. The work is shared with four men in the extending, and there is a children's reader reads aloud to illiterate singing of a special hymn. meeting run by English and Egyp- groups in coffee houses, shops, private houses, or even in the tians from the Old Cairo Hospital. street. The desire for general The service was not without literacy is growing, and Egyp- its touches of African humor. Fellowship of Unity tian women are demanding The paramount chief was pres- It is some seventeen years schools, equal educational privi- ent, and expressed in a speech leges for girls and marriage re- the joy of himself and his people since the Fellowship of Unity forms. The Egyptian Univer- at possessing at last a prayer- sity has 2,500 students; Govern- house of their own. "But our was inaugurated in Egypt as a ment secondary schools, 16,000 bell is cracked and won't ring. students; high schools, 4,100 What about a new one?" he means of cooperation for the students, and Al Azhar Univer- asked. Quite determined to members of all the Christian sity, 2,600 students. strike while the iron was hot, a communities. It has regularly little later he preferred another -World Survey. request. "What about a docheld services where all the Chris- tor?" He seemed to' think that tian churches, with the exception A New Opening one could produce a church bell of the Roman Catholic, have and a medical man at will. worshiped together. Three years New work has been opened up in Kibondo, an isolated place -C. M. S. Outlook. ago the united service was cele- about 150 miles from Kigoma. brated in the Armenian Church The people are primitive, but Quick Results in Nigeria in Cairo, in 1934, in the Greek ready to listen to the Gospel. Orthodox Cathedral and in No- The ruler of the district is a A native evangelist has revember, 1935, in the Coptic Or- woman, very intelligent, and cently started work among the Eggon people in the district thodox Cathedral of St. Mark. No less than eight Archbishops and Bishops were present on this last occasion, and clergy from French, Lutheran, Anglican, friendly towards the mission- around Lafiya, connected with American, Greek and Scottish aries. She and her husband are the Sudan United Mission. One Protestant churches. The Cop- Moslems; but she is a "hearer," of the first results appeared tic Choir opened with a hymn, although her husband at present when a great man among the which together with the thanks- shows no interest in the Chris- fetish worshipers cam e, and giving prayer that followed, de- tian message. One of the work- with his wife asked the evanlivered in Arabic by the Coptic ers writes: gelist to help him to burn his Bishop of Beni Suef, are from "We have many out-schools idols. After this open profession the ancient Coptic Liturgy. All with African teachers in charge, of faith in Christ, the convert joined in the Lord's Prayer, and we are hoping to train asked that his son-in-law, who made unusually impressive by young evangelists each year. lived two days' journey away, the unique appeal of French, Only this week eight young men might be visited and told. As a English, Armenian, G r e e k, have been placed with good result he, too, asked that his Egyptian and German spoken teachers for twelve months' ex- fetishes should be destroyed, simultaneously. The address perience, after having had three while yet a third idolater folwas given by the Wakeel of the months' training. When they lowed suit. In this district a Patriarch on the subject of the have gained this practical ex- number of raw pagans who are reunion of Christendom. perience they will come in for being trained by the Government

as schoolmasters, are attending the spiritual life inth~ . whole enable the Protestant churches the missionary meetings. sec t ion has been. g rea t I y strengthened and· enriched ; to present a united front in their -The Life of Faith. many have been restored and many: others have been encour- governmental and other public Appreciation of Missions aged· to desire to return to the relations, and to unify the treat- Lord. -Congo Mission News. ment of legal matters. In eccle- The Governor General of the siastical and doctrinal matters Belgian Congo has expressed his WESTERN ASIA the different units composing the sincere appreciation of the excel- synod will retain independence. lent work performed by Prot- Christian School Contacts estant missions, and emphasized Social Changes in Iran the importance of their medical Two of the six members of the work done in cooperation with graduating class at Aleppo, Mrs. Cady Allen, Presbyterian the Government. He thanked Syria, Presbyterian High School missionary in Kermanshah. tells missions for the service they are girls. This may not seem how radically social life has were rendering to the colony, worthy of mention, but probably changed in Iran. and commented on the fine no, other high school in Syria Christian character of many of can make the same boast. Also, Men and their wives call and rethe Congo converts. He further two are Moslem boys; both will ceive callers to gether. At first it all assured the Council that no con- be speakers on the commence- seemed delightfully new and interestfessional discrimination would ment program, one in Arabic and ing, out I soon began to realize that be exercised in the choice of can- the other in French. Th~ father the men made most of the conversadidates for the medical schools of one of· them was a prisoner tion, the hostess was always too busy at Leopoldville or elsewhere, and during the recent nationalist serving the guests to sit down and Protestant boys attending these demonstrations in Syria. The really visit with us. Lately I have schools would be able to follow other is a nephew of one of the been to several parties where just their own religious instruction. high officials in the Department ladies were present, and they have all of Education. One of the great- seemed to enjoy the greater freedom The Governor does not con- est. ~periences these two Mos- and informality, for as yet they are sider the Evangelical Church in lemboys have ever had is their not at ease in mixed crowds. I am the; Congo strong enough to being in a class with two very glad for the removal of the veil be– $tand on its own feet. If, for nice Christian girls. cause I have felt quite a change in aIiy reason, the missionaries some of my friends-it seems as were recalled at this time to Moslem Morality League though they feel closer to us, more their own countries, leaving open and ready to take us into their their converts to struggle alone, A Morality Lea g u e, with lives, more ready to share with us native Christians would not long branches in the towns and vil- their problems. When I visited one withstand the backward pull of lages of Palestine, has been of my veiled friends, or walked with paganism. formed by Moslems under the her on the street, however near and name of "Do and Don't," to dear we might be to each other, there Church Discipline in the Congo maintain the purity of public was a difference. But now we visit morals and insure proper be- each other, or walk together on the Perhaps if the church at home havior in public. The league has street – the difference has disapwere as strict in discipline as the asked the Palestine Government peared. Congo .Church there would be to ban immoral theatrical perfew left on the roll. Native pas- formances. Doctors Go to Church tq1".S and elders are even more s~yere in such measures than ·:",Toward a United Front Here is a church with 10% of are the missionaries. its membership in the medical A plan of organization has profession. In Hamadan, Iran, Because of these very strict been agreed upon by the is a Protestant church with 150 rules about Christian life and churches at work in Syria. members, including Iranians behavior there are necessarily Churches affiliated with the who were former Moslems, Asmany backsliders. At Luebo, a British Reformed Presbyterian syrians, Armenians, Americans personal workers' class has been and the American Reformed and Jewish converts. Fifteen of organized, and each week every Presbyteri3n . miss ion s, the the members of this church are worker is given a list of five or Frie.nds' Yearly Meeting, the doctors and three of the four ten people to hunt up, talk with, Damascus Church of the Irish elders are doctors. This is partly pray with and endeavor to bring Presbyterian mission, the Lu- explained by the fact that in the back to the Lord. Responsibility theran churches connected with earlier years of medical mission for a neighbor's spiritual life is the Danish Mission to the Orient work,; before there was a gova new idea in the Congo, but it and the Evangelical Synod, are ernment. medical school, ambiis growing, and young men, represented in this move toward tious. young men were taken into working with pastors and .evan- unity. The chief purpose is to the mission hospital, and trained gelists, have Peen literally comb- as physicians by the medical ing Luebowith the ,result that missionaries. Most of· these young men, through their Chris- tian contacts and training, be- came earnest Christians them- selves, joined the church, and take an active part in the vari- ous departments.

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

INDIA tian children, making it possible lems of Christian literature in Oonverts Among the Bhils for rural children to attend India is that of distribution, and school. Opposition has arisen to do this more effectively vari- The Bhils of Central India of- to the use of this grant and the ous experiments have bee n fer special opportunities for Legislative Council has voted to tried; among them is a motor evangelization. Their homogene- suspend all payment under the caravan provided by friends in ity and, comparative isolation present terms of the resolution. England. Throughout 1935 the make less difficult the spread of the Gospel; their concepts seem The fear has been expressed that caravan was touring India. It to have no subtleties that re- it would operate as an induce- started in the Madras Presidenquire explaining away before ment to members of the De- cy in January and during its they can accept the truth in pressed Classes to become Chris- two-and-a-half months there it Christ, and they respond eager- tians in order that their children sold 10,369 Scriptures. It spent ly to the Gospel. Furthermore, might receive a grant. Under April in the Mysore State, with the acceptance of Christ means the present agitated state of af- a circulation of 2,694 portions. no very great change in their fairs in India regarding the con- Then during May, June and general life. Simplicity is the v e r s ion of the Depressed July it was in the area of the order of their being. A change Classes, it is easy to understand Bombay Auxiliary, finishing in of religion is mostly a change that both Hindus and Moham- the Central Provinces. It was of loyalty; there is no social up- medans would oppose such a hampered by monsoon condi- grant. tions both in actual traveling heaval. and in its selling work, but 7,529 It is characteristic of the At present Hindus and Mo- portions were sold. It then hammedans are receiving over spent August and September in Bhils that so many new converts a hundred thousand 'l"Upees a the area of the North India Auxare eager to carry the message year in the United Provinces for iliary, with sales of 9,155 porto other members of their fam- the support of their communal tions. During the last quarter ily scattered over the villages of schools. -Indian Witness. of the year it was in the Punjab. the area. The need for arousing interest no longer exists; but Triplets in India One Ohamar's Witness teaching is required. The arrival of quintuplets The C. M. S. Outlook has an Where the question of a school would not have been welcomed account of a Chamar, who, two building has been raised, the at this Chamar home where a years ago had been led to Christ people themselves have come Bible woman reports that when through a Christian sweeper, triplets came the caste relatives and started a movement among forward with an offer to erect said: "No woman should have his own class. Through this it, and plans are being made to triplets. The mother must be man's testimony, C ham a r s secure a group of promising punished." The babies all died from neighboring villages be- Bhils who will be fitted to give in a few days, yet the punish- cause inquirers. A group of ment was given. The mother about fQrty";men and women elementary education. S u c h was ordered to bathe in the from two, villages expressed teachers will serve a group of sacred Narbudda River in order their desire to become Chris- to help atone for the sin she tians. Later, fierce persecution villages. must have committed in a past from the caste people partially At a conference, arranged by incarnation. The Panchayat stamped out the movement; but (council) of five demanded during the past year it has rethe Mid-India Christian Coun- twenty rupees, which the family vived and has spread from vilcil, it was decided to make an was too poor to pay. Then they lage to village. ' put the mother on a donkey and effort to secure the cooperation made it run to the home of its Many new Christians are of all Missions working among owner, a washerman. The par- learning to pray; the few who ents were informed that the bai can read are not only feeding on Bhils, with a view to coordinating methods of work, pooling experiences, and establishing common centers for training along special lines, wherever this may prove possible.

-National Christian Coun- could be rescued by the payment the Word of God themselves, but cil Review. ' of any amount which the wash- are teaching others; they are erman demanded. That, too, learning to give t,o God's work Rural Education Problem would be difficult. In vain the out of their, ,qeep poverty, to Bible woman tried to make them The Christians of India are stand persecution, and to win, greatly concerned because of the see the Christian ideal. difficulty in providing primary -World Call. others for Christ. None of them has yet been baptized, except education for the rural Chris- Literature Oaravan' the original Chamar. tian community. In the United Provinces the Government set The year 1935 brought a new Lucknow Ashram aside a sum of ten thousand venture in the work of the Brit- The latest development of the rupees (about $3,300) to be ish and Foreign Bible Society work, which Dr. E. Stanley used as scholarships for Chris- in India. One of the great prob- J ones has been doing among ed'-

ucated Indians for 22 years, has asked to be supplied with equip- Ohefoo School for Deaf been the founding of an Ashram ment for home treatment. This at Lucknow, from which medi- gave the missionaries the idea Those who contributed to the cal, educational and social work of establishing clinics in various Chefoo School for the Deaf have of various kinds is carried on. districts. Twenty of these have made it possible to keep in lt grew out of the Ashram which been opened, all under the super- school fourteen children from he had founded in the Himalayas vision of former leper patients, destitute homes, ten 0 the r s where some 200 people live to- treating more than 500 patients. whose relatives cannot pay more gether in Indian fashion. They The only cost involved is that of than five or ten dollars towards include, he said, Europeans and medicines, but no medicine is food, and fifteen who cannot pay Indians, Government officials given any group which fails to more than one-half the cost of and ardent nationalists, funda- report monthly on the number food. Fifteen of the children mentalists and modernists, con- of injections given. Practically come from homes where one or servatives and radicals, high all clinics show increased at- both parents have died. Fiftycaste and low. "Leave behind tendance, in some instances over five deaf children, eleven girls all race and class distinctions, 100%. and forty-four boys between the all ye who enter here," is one of ages of seven and seventeen, the mottoes on the wall. "Chris- One of the most important have made satisfactory progress tianity has many critics," says and encouraging features of the in learning the language neces- Dr. Jones, "but no rivals in the work is the evangelistic oppor- sary to communicate with their work of human redemption." tunity offered by these estab- home people. lished clinic groups. All the pa- Under the supervision of Dr. tients come from non-Christian An hOUl; and a half is spent on E. Stanley Jones and those as- homes, but the majority, upon Saturday mornings in preparing sociated with him in the Ash- leaving, have accepted Christ. for the Bible lessons which they ram, a series of pamphlets and Christian centers have thus been have on Sunday. One little boy tracts on the Christian message established and two churches from a very poor home in the is being prepared for mailing, have been built. country asked for a Bible when month by month, to the leaders leaving for vacation. As he had of the Depressed Classes and the -Siam Outlook. been in school only two years, aboriginal tribes of I n d i a, his ability to read it was quesgroups numbering perhaps 70,- OHINA tioned, but when by the use of 000,000 people. speech, writing and pantomime, Successful Preaching he made it plain that he would Among the first materials not knock his head to idols and printed and mailed are: the Rev. R. W. Porteous, of the he wanted to learn how to pray Gospel of St. Luke, with helpful C. I. M. Bible Training Institute to the true God in Heaven, he comments and the story of Ditt, at Nanchang, reports that a new was given a copy of the Gospels, a humble Chuhra convert, who Gospel Hall has been opened and and his delight was unbounded. refused to be segregated in the a chapel seating 200. The Gosmission compound, and led, un- pel message has been delivered -Chefoo School Report. der God, a mighty movement of there to attentive crowds almost his former caste fellows into the every night for four months and OhTist Speaks Through the Christian Church. hundreds have indicated their East desire to accept Christ as their -Christian Advocate. Saviour. This provides oppor- An American woman who has tunity for students to do per- lived fifteen years in China, Leper Olinics in Siam sonal work. Two student bands Miss Helen W. Dutton, testifies were assigned to evangelize two to the contributions which that Various estimates of the num- neighboring markets and as a country has made to her life; ber of lepers in Siam have been result several families destroyed best of all, she says, her discovmade from time to time, but their idols. ery of the Christ of the East, none of these is accurate. Fear the Jesus who bade men go the of discovery, leading to ostra- Mr. Porteous writes: second mile; who bade men forcism, persecution, and much give their brother unto seventy suffering, causes large numbers God has been doing a great work times seven; who told men to to go into hiding or to cover all among the wounded soldiers in the love God and their neighbor as signs of their affliction as long military hospitals in the city. Many themselves, who told the rich as possible. However, an esti- have responded to the Gospel appeal, man to sell all his goods and feed mate of 20,000 is approximately though quite a number who, we be- the poor if he would gain the correct. lieve, were saved, did not have an Kin g do m of Heaven'; who opportunity to De baptized before sou g h t the lost sheep and The number of patients being they were called to rejoin their regi- brought it to the fold again; who treated at present in leprosy ments, be discharged. or return to bade men lose their lives for hospitals in Siam is less than their homes; we had, however, the others that they might save 1,000, or only 5% of the esti- joy of seeing 114 baptized in the them – this Jesus the East unmated leper population. For C. 1. M. Church. These have all left derstands and will accept. "The the past three or four years for other provinces or different parts most of the patients on leaving of Kiangsi, and some to their homes, but each with aNew Testament or Bible in his kit.

-The Christian.

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

Oriental is truly a literalist," Christian training to the chil- Chinese democracy, which is so real as to be unconscious, all meet together says Miss Dutton. "He expects dren and youth of China. Their not only for service but enjoy meetto see in an individual who calls pupils represent 950,000 Protes- ing afterwards, and do so with great himself Christian those qualities tant Christian families. savoir taire. The group is often which Jesus called 'blessed.' Let Sir Frederick Leith-Ross, in joined by lamas, some of whom come him exemplify those traits in his his report on financial conditions from very distant lamaseries in Tibet.

daily living-he will have no in China, fully corroborates the Students' Problems substitute. . . . I see more of report of the American Econom- the gentle, patient Jesus in these ic Mission that "a vast change Prof. D. L. Phelps was recent- Eastern friends of mine. I am is coming over China, a modern- ly asked to address a mid-week glad for my years in China, ization that as compared with assembly at West China Union where I have come to under- ten or even five years ago marks University, Chengtu. He asked stand bet t e r the Oriental many centuries." This opinion the students to send in questions -Advance. is confirmed by those familiar about religion in advance, and Christ."

Child Slavery Today with conditions in widely sepa- in the hour allotted, attempted rated provinces; beyond ques- to answer them. So many ques- It is thirteen years since Mr. tion, China's youth is in the fore- tions were handed in that Prof. Winston Churchill told the front of the struggle for prog- Phelps was given the following House of Commons that he in- ress. week's assembly hour.

tended to abolish child slavery The determined attack upon Dr. H. Bruce Collier of the in the British possession of the opium scourge is part of this faculty analyzed these questions Hongkong within one year-and effort for national salvation. and found that they could be distill the evil continues. A spe- Mr. Hoo, the Chinese delegate vided into five groups: funda- at Geneva, stated last May that mental questions of God, prayer, cial commission has now been nearly 1,000 drug addicts, and meaning of religion, 29 per cent; sent out from England to look drug traffickers were shot in doctrines, miracles and superinto the whole problem. It is China last year. The life of the stitions, 23 per cent; personal doubtful whether there is any- Chinese nation, he added, de- relations to religion, and personthing within the realm of slave pended upon victory in this fight systems so revolting as child again opium. -World Survey. al benefits, 20 per cent; necesslavery-the sale of thousands sity of religion, and uniqueness of little girls say of five years of "Central Asia Trio" of Christianity, 14 per cent; poage, at half-a-crown apiece- litical problems, 14 per cent.

bought for "appreciation" – The British Weekly publishes The largest percentage related bought for sale again at eight to to the nature of God and prayer. ten years of age, for drudgery- a letter from Miss Mildred Ca- Typical questions were: ble, written July 1 from Kansu or worse, without the glimmer province, where she and her col- "Why do you believe in God 1" of an understanding of what leagues, the Misses Francesca "What is the real meaning of awaits them. The cruelties im- and Evangeline French, have prayer?" "Can religion really posed upon them are of such na- arrived after their journey ture that pUblication of them through the Gobi desert. She discover the 'way out' that is the would be prohibited in the Brit- goal of all life?" There were ish press. writes: several very searching ques- tions: A wealthy Chinese gentleman, We have left the "great and terrible "Jesus said that 'whosoever desert" behind us for the fifth time. shall smite thee on the right who has decided to devote his As Christ's ambassadors we have been life and means to the abolition able to tell the Good News in every cheek, turn to him the other alof this gigantic evil, declares oasis on the main trade route. We so.' Now Japan has occupied by that there are more than 4,000,- have had a most touching welcome force our three eastern prov- 000 pitiable little slaves within everywhere. The people last saw us inces ; should we not take the China proper; probably there hurrying away from the "Thunder- five northern provinces and give bolt" and his troops, and many saw are about 10,000 in British me on that same journey with my them to Japan, too?" And "The head bandaged, after the bad kick Powers of Europe and America Hongkong and Malaya. It is which a donkey belonging to a Moslem the job of this new commission gave me. The fact that we have re- are nations that worship God. turned after all this has made many Why, then, are they guilty of to discover their numbers and whereabouts, and to propose to realize. the urgency of our commission. acts of aggression toward the Weare now once again in Tunh- weaker nations?" the government means for put- wang, the City of Sands, and have ting down the unholy traffic go- been able to revisit the beautiful Lake The experiment revealed the ing on between Chinese in China of the Crescent Moon and the Cave of type of religious problem wmch and Chinese inhabitants in Brit- the Thousand Buddhas. occupies the student thought.

ish territories. Every afternoon we hold a service -United Church Record. -The Chronicle. in the large room of our rented house Difficult Mongolia -we call it the Blue Palace. You Changes Show Progress would be interested in the crowd which Seventy-nine missionary soci- gathers there. It always includes a Work among Mongols was strange variety of listeners, from beg- started about a century ago, and gar maids to the wives of the prineties are engaged in giving cipal military officials. Thanks to taken up afresh by James Gil-

mour in 1885. A little over a prohibition was continued for blow to the propagation of civic year ago the new capital of In- another five years, which came idealism; but many older, exner Mongolia was opened at to an end on March 31, 1936. perienced missionaries hold that Pailingmiao formerly a caravan During that period it is esti- "preaching, teaching and philancenter, but nothing more. Mis- mated that the village has saved thropy" sum up the missionary's sionary work had never been 173,000 yen, although most other whole duty, and they disapprove carried on there, but Prince Teh villages have "gone into the all activities capable of arousing Wang granted permission on red." Of this sum, 45,000 yen political suspicions. this occasion. The opposition was spent on the new school, from the lamas caused the lib- 50,000 yen on new homes, 74,000 -New York Times. erty previously granted to be re- yen was invested in cooperative stricted, but good s e r vic e s associations, and 4,000 yen in Rural Newspaper Evangelism among the Mongols, and much the postal savings bank. In adinterest in the Gospel are re- dition, the mayor proudly re- Dr. Daniel C. Buchanan of ported. For several months a ports that the children of the vil- Kyoto finds a wide field for rural Bible Class was carried on lage are better fed and clothed, new spa per evangelism. He among government secretaries, that the children's death rate as writes: and medical treatment has been well as the general death rate given. Today, Pailingmiao is has decreased, that the number The personal interview is the methdeveloping rapidly and boasts a of persons seeking medical at- od par excellence in our work of newstemple, with more than 1,000 tention has decreased 40ro, that paper evangelism in rural districts. lamas. lawsuits, illegitimacy, crime, If a member lives in another part of gambling, police court cases and the Empire, too far away for us to JAPAN election offenses have been done call on him when the time seems away with. propitious, we send his name and ad- "Year of the Monkey" dress to the nearest missionary or -Japan Christian Quarterly. Japanese pastor with the request that Once every twelve years comes he call on the inquirer and try to get the "Year of the Monkey," when American Missionary him linked up with some church. young people ask "whom shall I Excluded Those members who live in our field copy this year?" with a some- we try to call on as often as possible. what sincere belief that thus The refusal of the police to We also encourage them to come to they may improve. The seventy- readmit into Japan Rev. Dr. J. our office whenever they visit the city, five children in the Morning Spencer Kennard, American Thus we have found that the best Star Kindergarten at Yamagu- Baptist missionary, is in the na- way to win a man for Christ is to chi do not wait for the twelfth ture of a bombshell. It is have heart to heart talks with him, year. When they "play kinder- thought there may be a blacklist pray frequently with and for him, garten" there is the piano teach- of other American missionaries and love him into the Kingdom. er, the teacher who leads the cir- suspected of anti-war or labor cle hour and the one who con- sympathies. These missionaries Newspaper evangelism is es- 'ducts the prayer period. The do not expect to be deported, but tablishing groups which willlatlittle mimics do not forget to be fear their next furlough may er develop into churches. The gentle and smiling; the three terminate their careers in J a- work is carried on through ad- 'real teachers looking on are pan. They are social workers of vertising in newspapers and struck by the skill in mimicry, Kagawa's type, but the police mag a z i n e s, correspondence, smiling as they see themselves draw a distinction between a na- monthly magazines sent free of so perfectly portrayed with all tive, like Dr. Kagawa, and for- charge to all members of the their little mannerisms. It is eigners who come on what many church and for three months to not to be wondered at when they Japanese consider the superflu- all inquirers who have not joined say to one another. "Well, if ous mission of bringing Japan a the church, by tract distribution, they copy even us as closely as new religion. and through a loan library, as that, we'll have to see to it that well as through the use of sterewe lead them to copy in all seri- There is no fear that any mis- opticon and moving pictures, ousness the One who is Best." sionaries will run personal risk and personal interviews. or find their freedom of preach- A Model Village ing interferred with, but in the Christian Literature future they will have to' avoid . .A notable experiment in tem- quasi-political activities, such as A group of far sighted misperance was made by the village the propagation of peace or in- sionaries and Japanese Christian of Kawaidani. In 1925, the ternational idealism of the type leaders began in January, 1935, mayor proposed that the village represented by the Fellowship of as one of the activities of the "go dry" for a period of five Reconciliation and kindred or- Christian Literature Society, a years in order to rebuild the vil- ganizations. They may preach Central Christian Library to lage school, which had been de- their faith and teach English, house a collection of Christian stroyed in a fire. So successful but nothing more. A number of books, especially those published was the plan that the term of younger missionaries regard the in Japan since the beginning of police action as a shattering Protestant work. About 4,000 columes have been purchased or received as gifts to date and cat- alogued, the expenses being met largely by Japanese Christians.

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

Some of the books assembled are voted to intensive. teaching of safe now," but really because of records of martyrdoms, others what the Christian life means. their deep-rooted pagan fear tell of methods of expressing the that if they move away, the spir- Gospel. A reading room well – Watchman-Examiner. supplied with reference books in its of the 73 who were killed will English for the use of clergy, ISLANDS OF THE PACIFIC pursue and punish them. Bible students and evangelists; commentaries, dictionaries, etc., Samoan Schools Due to the perseVerance of and a loan library by mail for the Rev. Clifford Nobes, the prodistant workers is part of the For nearly a century the peo- vincial government has taken a ultimate plan. ple of Samoa have been able to hand and by the latest report read and write their own lan- has given the people thirty days Another timely piece of work guage, through the untiring ef- to move away, promising help in Christian literature is the ag- forts of their own Samoan vilgressive program of the five- lage pastors, who have acted al- in moving expenses and in getyear-old Brotherhood of St. An- so as village schoolmasters. In ting new land. The situation is drew in Japan. More than 22,- addition to ordinary school sub- really perilous for there are big 000 copies of the Forward Move- jects the boys are given practiment booklets, adapted and cal training in agriculture, car- new cracks in the mountainside, translated from the American pentry, music and craft work. waiting for a typhoon to start series, have been printed and It is the secret desire, however, more slides. distributed throughout the 271 of nearly every schoolboy to beparishes and missions of the come some day an ordained pas- Protestant Strength in Episcopal Church. tor. Philippines -The Living Church. There are two schools for The National Christian Coun- girls; the one at Papauta ac- cil of the Philippines gives the Result of Teacher's Testimony commodates 150, who enter only on recommendation of village following numerical strength of Mr. Sakata, Principal of the pastors. The school itself is a Protestantism in the Islands: Mary L. Colby School for Girls village where all food supplies in Yokohama, arranged a series are grown on the hillside planta- United Evangelical Church 42,910. of evangelistic meetings with tions and the girls take their (including all members in 82,910. Mr. Kimura. Thirty-five years part in caring for the gardens. regions w her e Presbybefore, Mr. Sakata, a young sol- All practical training can be car- terian, Congregational and 18,0.0.0. dier about to be called into serv- ried out by the girls in their own United Brethren mission- 15,0.0.0., ice, was converted by Mr. Ki- homes when they leave school, 10.,0.0.0. mura and made up his mind that after four or five years' resi- aries are serving) …… . 8,0.0.0. instead of spending his life kill- dence. Methodist Episcopal …… . ing people he would spend it 2,50.0. showing them how to live. Al- Atauloma school has the three- Iglesia Evangelica Metodista most immediately he was called fold aim of helping the students, en las Islas Filipinas …. 250. to Manchuria and was there for finding ways for them to help the ten years. When he came back school and of keeping in touch Iglesia Evangelica de Cristo he trained himself to become a after they leave. Graduates Christian teacher. work to give financial aid. By Baptist ..•……….•….. bazaars or direct giving from Mr. Kimura told of going to their funds they have raised Disciples of Christ ……. . see the young man off when he enough to give four Aladdin was about to leave for Man- lamps for the main hall, £14 to- Association of Baptists for churia. He clasped his hand, ward other improvements. Evangelism in the Orient never expecting to see him again, but God had work for him -L. M. S. Chronicle. Philippine-Borneo Faith Misand brought him back. sion …………..•….. Typhoon Damage The effect of this story was Total …………….. 179,570. direct and fruitful. Almost the With the return of typhoon whole school stood to indicate season in the Philippines, it will "God Hath Spoken" that they too wanted to follow be recalled that last year a great Christ. Mr. Sakata had them landslide buried 73 people in the In a letter received recently go to their class rooms and town of Balogang, near Sagada. from a worker in the Philippine there, if they so desired, they At the time and ever since then Islands, the following story is were to write out their decision, the missionaries at Sagada have told: signing their names. When they been trying to get the remaining were counted there were 307. people of the town to move to a "Soon after our arrival here Committees set to work imme- new site, but the old men, domi- we came across a young man diately and the result is that nating the situation, have re- who had no other book except there is one period a week de- fused, ostensibly because "it is the booklet 'God Hath Spoken.' In all his conversations with his friends he always tried to find God's guidance in this little book, so much so that his friends gave him the nickname An Dios Nag- yakan. Needless to say he soon became an Evangelical Chris- tian, and the proud possessor of aNew Testament." This booklet is issued by the Scripture.Gift Mission in many languages.

-Life of Faith.

MISCELLANEOUS pointing out that the Bible is not those in Japan, Canada, Aus- Faith Missions· merely a Protestant book, as so tralia, South Africa and other often alleged. The remarkable countries. A large proportion A recently published pamphlet thing is that her work is com- of the South African police are summarizes the service of pop- mended by the Cardinal Arch- members of the Association, and ularly called Faith Missions. bishop of Paris. The movement about 1,000 joined last year, The Interdenominational For- had its origin in Italy, where a while more than that number of eign Mission Association of Waldensian pastor describes it New Testaments were circulated North America was formed in as a real Reformation within the among the men, besides thou- 1917 by a group of foreign mis- Catholic Church. Roman Cath- sands of tracts and leaflets. In sionary societies that were not olic writers have also been draw- Japan the work has gradually denominationally related, but ing attention to archreological been becoming more difficult, which held identical doctrinal discovery and its bearing upon chiefly because the police are convictions and adhered to sim- the truth of the Bible. under the military authorities. -The Christian. Each week Captain Gerrard ilar missionary principles and visits the Tokyo Police Training practices. Prayer fellowship, Jews of the World School, where he distributes conferences concerning mission- tracts and Testaments among ary policy, and united appeal for Jews throughout the world to- 200 men. When the men leave world evangelization are aims day number 16,291,000 as com- they are often drafted to remote of the organization. pared with an estimated 4,200,- country villages, and may be the 000 in 1850, according to a sum- only possessors of God's .Word Listed in the order of their in the place. inception, the sixteen societies mary of the work of the noted Jewish statistician, Dr. Erwin There is also a work for wives that are now members of the Rawicz, appearing in the C.-V. of policemen.-The Christian. Association are: The Woman's Zeitung, of Berlin. The rapid Union Missionary Society of America, the China Inland Mis- increase coincides with the A Century's Achievements sion, the India Christian Mis- emancipation of the Jews in sion, the South African General most European countries and the The American Baptist For- Mission, the Central American growth of industrialization, it is eign Mission Society sums up Mission, the Sudan Interior declared, following a heavy de- its achievements of the past cen- Mission, the Ceylon and India crease in the Jewish population tury in a comparison of figures General Mission, the Africa In- in the previous twenty or which include the work of both land Mission, the Bible House of twenty-five centuries. Since the General and the Women's Los Angeles, the Inland South 1800 the general population of Societies: America Missionary Union, the Europe rose from just below Number of missionaries 1836 1935 Bolivian Indian· Mission, the 190 millions to some 500 millions on the foreign fields. 46 590 today. The summary shows Number of organized 3,226 North East India General Mis- 352,413 sion, the Evangelical Union of that there were about three Jews churches ……….. 9 South America, the American per thousand in 1800, about Members of churches abroad …………. 888 European Fellowship, the Ori- seven in 1900, and about eight Number of schools of all 4,372 in 1935. grades ….•…….. 11 noco River Mission and the 10,529 The Jewish population of Number of native work- 32 Latin America Evangelization Great Britain, according to the Campaign. ers ………..•..•. Number of hospitals .. , '" The pamphlet contains a list survey, is 340,000. The Jewish NumiJer of dispensaries … 55 of the officiary of each Mission, population of Germany is given Patients treated …… '" 344,560 and a brief statement concern- as 400,000, compared with an The number of baptisms by ing each society's origin, aim estimated 550,000 at the time of decades indicates the steady and ministry. Copies of the Hitler's advent to power. Jews growth on the mission fields: pamphlet may be secured with- in Palestine numbered 395,000 in 1935-1844 ………•……. 6,653 out cost from the headquarters 1855-1864 …•………•… 12,617 1935. By continents, there were 1875-1884 …………….. 42.,762 of the various mission agencies 1895-1904 …………….. 68,375 listed, or from the Secretary of 9,736,000 Jew in Europe, includ- 1915-1924 …………….. 125,743 the Association, George H. Dow- ing Turkey in Asia and Russia; 1925-1934 …………….. 187,536 knott, 113 Fulton Street, New 560,000 in Africa; 936,000 in York, N. Y. Asia; 5,031,000 in North and Many churches have developed -The King's Business. South America; and 27,000 in their own leadership; among Australia and New Zealand. these are the Chekiang Shang- Bible Reading for Catholics hai Baptist Convention, East A "back-to-the-Bible" tend- -The Jewish Chronicle. Japan Baptist Convention, the Convention of Philippine Bap- International Christian Police ency is noted among Catholics. Founded 53 years ago the In- tist Churches, Inc., the All- A noted archreologist's wife- a ternational Christian Police As- Burma Baptist Convention and Roman Catholic-has published sociation is now world-wide in the Bengal-Orissa B apt i s t some booklets, commending the its activities, and binds the Yearly Meeting. -Watchman-Examiner. reading of the Word of God, and Christian police in England with Our Missionary Bookshelf Books Briefly Reviewed for the Readers' Information Indian Thought and Its Development. its world- and life-negation in If we must look for another, By Albert Schweitzer. Translated its later development. The book by Mrs. Charles E. B. Russell. pp. is thought-provoking, and is what about the thought of Jesus 272. Price, $2.50. Henry Holt and Company. New York. 1936. packed with accurate informa- Christ? Paul's philosophy was tion regarding the philosophy Dr. Schweitzer has distin- and history of Indian thought. based on it and is still valid and guished himself as philosopher, musician, and doctor in the equa- We believe, however, that the potent. S. M. ZWEMER. torial primeval forests of Africa. author does not place due em- He tells us that Indian thought phasis on the debt of Western Levucka Days. By C. W. Whonsbon attracted him from his youth, es- thought to Christianity. The er- Aston. pp. 95, Paper, 40 cents. pecially through the writings of ror of Hinduism and Buddhism Society for Promoting Christian Schopenhauer and his conviction is not world- and life-negation Knowledge. London. that Indian ethics were con- only, but the denial of worldcerned with the behavior of man and life-reality. In Jesus Christ This small book recounts the in relation to all living beings we have both the affirmation and experiences of a clergyman of and not mer~ly to his fellow negation. His disciples are not the Church of England who man. to be taken out of the world, but spent three years in the Fiji to be kept from the evil that is Islands. The Bishop of Polyne- He speaks of in the world. The Son of Man sia writes a commendatory in- came eating and drinking. The troduction. The narrative illus- "the difficulty of describing defi- world and life in the New Testa- trates the various interests and nite lines i)f development in a ment are not maya, illusion, but problems which face a missionphilosophy which possesses in so re- a great reality. We are not to ary in a field which includes numarkable a degree the will and the leave the world, but to overcome merous islands separated by ability not to perceive contrasts as the world. Weare not to sup- broad ocean spaces in which such, and allows ideas of heteroge- press life, but to seek its fullest navigation is rendered dangerneous character to subsist side by side development. The things that ous by currents and coral reefs. and even brings them into connection are seen are real, but they are with each other. But I believe that also temporal. The things that A. J. BROWN. we, the people of the West, shall only are not seen are real and eternal. rightly comprehend what Indian There is only one reference to Korean Young Folks. By Frederick thought really is and what is its sig- Paul's philosophy and ethics, and S. Miller. pP. 189. $2.00. Fleming nificance for the thought of all man- the author always uses the word H. Revell. New York. 1936. kind, if we succeed in gaining an in- Jesus, not Christ, when referring sight into its processes." to our Lord. These glimpses of life in Ko- rea are not dry descriptions but Beginning with a comparison At the close of the preface the are a series of interesting of Western and Indian thought, sketches of real young people. Dr. Schweitzer sketches the rise reader is told that neither in With such quaint names as of world- and life-negation in Western nor in Indian thought White Dragon, Great Mountain, the Vedas, the teaching of the Seven Stars, Jewel and the like, Upanishads, the rise of Jainism, do we find the ideal or the final- these young folks figure largely Buddhism and its later develop- ity. in the stories of country and vilment outside of India. There are lage life. The reader learns also chapters on present-day "For there must indeed arise a about rice farming and fuel cut- Hinduism, the Bhagavad Gita, philosophy profounder and more liv- ting, paper-making and house and modern Indian thought. ing than our own and endowed with building, how candy and puffed greater spiritual and ethical force. In rice are made and how kites are The basic distinction between this terrible period through which flown; about weddings and fu- Western thought and that of In- mankind is passing, from the East nerals and ancestor worship. dia is that the former makes th~ and from the West we must all keep affirmation of the world and life, a lookout for the coming of this more We read about Seven Stars while the latter makes its nega- perfect and more powerful form of who butted the goat; about Pigtion. This negation, he holds, is thought which will conquer the hearts gie who rolled off the bridge in void of ethical value, and there- of individuals and compel whole peo- his sleep; about Skylark the donfore Hinduism itself, and more ples to acknowledge its sway. It is for this that we must strive." key who could bray noiselessly especially Buddhism, modified and helped distribute tracts by holding them in his lips; about Any of the books noted in these columns will be sent by the RllvIllW publishers on receipt of price.

[619 ] Kim the gambler and how he ficial relationships brought him ger. It is a true picture of that knew he was a Christian; the into contact. ARTHUR J. BROWN. heroic type of work which has narrow escape of Pak who wouldn't hit back, and a score of Christian Giving. By Clarence Ed- been done in Brazil for more than ward Macartney, D.D. 15 cents. other stories of humor and Zondervan Publishing House, Grand half a century. The author, Wilpathos, rascality and heroism Rapids. 1936. liam Anglin, himself a legiti- mate descendant in the long line and victorious Christian living. Children and adults alike will This is a sermori-;nd – the of missionary pioneers, has writ- ten these simple stories of conread with profit and pleasure preacher being Dr. Macartney- version to give a fresh sense of how a missionary works, how the saving grace of our Lord and Gospels and tracts are distrib- it is in approved sermonic style, the wonderful power of His Gosuted, how Christ changes lives, pel. It will inform, and inspire how Christians testify to non- Scriptural, clear, cogent. It is the reader and stimulate a great- Christians and how and why the er missionary passion. Gospel spreads in a foreign well that it has been published, land. J. E. MORELAND. so as to reach a wider audience. Those who have been enter- Ethiopia. By John H. Shaw, Consul tained and instructed by reading Giving is, of course, only a seg- General of Ethiopia. HOur Korean Friends," by the same author, a veteran mission- ment of the circle of Christian This paper-covered booklet on ary in Korea, will need no urg- Ethiopia, comprising ninety-five ing to secure his new book. Stewardship which Jesus pre- pages, is, as the author states ir his Introduction, an attempt "to WALTER C. ERDMAN. sented whole in his teaching, but portray an honest, truthful pic- ture of this comparatively un- Across the Years. By Charles Sted- giving is the trait Hlikest God known Christian empire, with a man Macfarland. An Autobiog- short outline of the historic raphy. pp. 367. $2.75. The Mac- within the Soul," and it deserves background, the natural re- millan Company. New York. 1936. sources, the people, the govern- to be stressed in "at least a ser- ment, and some of the undercur- Dr. Macfarland was for sev- rents that have led to the preseral years secretary of the Fed- mon every year," as Dr~ Mac- ent difficulties." The aim is too eral Council of the Churches of broad to be carried out success- Christ in America, a post to artney plans, making this the fully in so short a volume and which he was called from a Con- the book as a result is very gregational pastorate in 1911, first of the series. D. McC. sketchy. when forty-five years of age. The Federal Council was then a new A Story of Child Life in Old Peking. The author is very open in his venture, small, weak and with By Margaret Rossiter White. pp. pro-Ethiopian sympathies and no dependable revenue. It was 91. $1.0Q, cloth. Fleming H. Revell makes many statements highly strenuously opposed by some de- Ci. New York. 1936. commending the Emperor Haile nominations and by many min- Selassie The First. Had it been Every child who likes a good story will find this one of the best. In picturing the home life of a well-to-do Chinese family the author gives the pattern of Chinese culture and civilization in a way that the grown-up, as well as the child, will find inter- esting; and the result cannot but develop a bond of under- standing between the races.

H.B. F.

isters and I a y men in the Stories From Brazil. By William possible for the author to place churches which gave it scanty Anglin. With eleven illustrations. this book on the market before support. But its secretary 96 pages. $1. Pickering and Inglis. proved to be a born promoter, London, Glasgow, Edinburgh. the cataclysmic downfall of the: Ethiopian Empire the book and was strongly reenforced by In Brazil there are two dis- would have filled a greater need the growing demand for unity tinct types of missionary work. than at present. Events moved and cooperation in Christian The first is carried on in the so rapidly that even this booklet, work. By his energy and execu- great centers of population and published in 1936, is out of date. tive ability Dr. Macfarland de- at certain points along the At- The predictions made, such as veloped the Council into a large lantic coast where civilization "this nation of warriors would and influential organization. and customs are only slightly fight to the bitter end. The After twenty years, he retired dissimilar to those of North Ethiopian Empire can only be in 1931 as Secretary Emeritus. America. The second is being subdued by killing every man Now, at the age of seventy, he carried on, for the most part, and woman in it" ,have proven reviews his life's work, describ- among the more backward sec- false and the author is no doubt ing his early career and varied tions of the population. as keenly disappointed in the personal experiences, and the These "Stories from Brazil" unexpected collapse of the mocontroversies in which he and relate distinctly to the second rale of the Ethiopian army and the Federal Council were often type. They bear the authentic the flight of Emperor, and as involved. Of special interest is stamp of pioneer missionary ex- disillusioned in the outcome of his account of the various inter- perience, including travel after the struggle and the altruism of denominational and internation- the most primitive fashion and protector nations, as is the al movements of recent decades preaching the Gospel to under- writer of this review, who has and the eminent men in America privileged people, despite 'Perse- himself spent five years in and Europe with whom his of- cution and ever imminent dan- Ethiopia. STUART BERGSMA, M.D.

Booles Popular Commentary on the Interna- An Unusual New

tional Sunday School Lessons. As I Saw Africa. Eva Alice Springer. 1937. 90 cents. 224 pp. Revell. MY BELOVED ARMENIA 243 pp. }>owell & White. Cincin- New York. By MARIE S. BANKER nati, Ohio. . The King's Palace. Pen Pictures A thrilling testimony of her jrirlhood days Almanacs-Daily Light, 13hd.; Our from Ephesians. H. E. Anderson. in the caves of Armenia hiding from the Home, 1d.; Bible Almanac, 2d. 125 pp. 18. Pickering & Inglis. Turks, the suffering of her people in the Pickering & Inglis. London. London. deserts, her remarkable escapes from death, her perilous trip to Smyrna at the time of China Year Book. Edited by H. G. With Christ Into Tomorrow. Hunter the World War, the loyalty of her parents Woodhead. 510 pp. North China B. Blakely. 1GO pp. GO cents. Pres- to Christ, and the persecutions whIch the Daily News and Herald Co., Uni- byterian Committee of Publication. Armenians endured even unto death. Cusversity of Chicago Press, Chicago. Richmond, Va. toms of the Turks described and their hatred of Armenians revealed. Remarkable an- Christians in Other Lands. Compiled China Calling. Frank Houghton. 200 swers to prayer recordet!. How Got! supby Dorothy M. Horne. lB. 6d. pp. $1.00 cloth; 50 cents paper. plied her needs folt!. S. P. G. in F. P. London. China Inland Mission. Philadelphia and Toronto. Intensely Interestln,. and unusually Informing. True to life but reads Calendars-Daily Meditation~ lB. 6d.; The China Inland Mission. like fiction. Stimulatinl to faitb and Golden Grain, lB. 3d.; Golaen Text, By Love Compelled. The Call of the Christian fortitude. lB. 3d.; Daily Manna, lB.; Grace & Trust, lB.; Young Folks Calendar, China Inland Mission. Marshall Beautifully bound in blue cloth ,gold letter- lB.; Pickering & Inglis. London. Broomhall. 12G pp. 85 cents. China i1B, tinted edges; attractive two-color jacket; Inland Mission. Toronto and Phila- illustrated; photo of author; 208 pages; The Church and the Churches. Karl delphia. $1.25. Barth. 92 pp. 75 cents. Wm. B. Eerdmans Pub. Co., Grand Rapids, Obituary Not.. YOU WILL APPRECIATE THIS Mich. OUTSTANDING BOOK!

THE BIBLE INSTITUTE COLPORTAGE ASS'N 848 N. Wells St. Chicago, Ill. David and Jonathan. Lucy Laing. (C01UJluded from sd cO'IJer.) 9G pp. lB. Pickering & Inglis. and director of Indian missions. He Dr. William S. Bovard, Secretary London. was the author of "Mormonism, the of the Methodist Board of Education from 1924-1932, and since then the Golden Grain Almanac. Small-type • • • Islam of America" and other books. head of the Board's promotion work edition, 2d. and Gd.; large-type Bishop Wilbur Patterson Thir- until his retirement last June, died at edition, ~d. and lB. Pickering & kield, retired, of the Methodist Epis- Sierra Madre, California, on Septem- Inglis. LI. ~don. copal Church, leader in Negro educa· ber 16. tion in the United States, died on ••• Golden Grah'. Diary. Vest-pocket November 9th, after several months' edition. lB. to G8. Gd.; Standard Hon. Hampei Nagao and Rev. M. Edition, lB. t<. GB. Gd. Pickering & • • illness at 82 years of age. Inglis. Londoh. Akazawa, two Japanese Christian • High Lights in the Near East. leaders, died recently. The former Reminiscences of nearly 40 years' Col. George Wingate, the founder used his political influence to further service. Abdul-Fady (A. T. Up- of the Central Asian Mission, and a the temperanee cause; and the latter son) • 128 pp. 28. 6d. Marshall, highly honored Christian and promot- was Bishop of the Methodist Church. Morgan & Scott. London. er of Christian work, died recently in England at the age of 84. He was Mexico Today. Col. Irving Speed a member of the board of the Regions Wallace. 364 pp. $2.00. Meador Beyond Missionary Union. Pub. Co. Boston. JUST OFF THE PRESS! My Robber-Captain. C. G. Kilpper. 166 pp. $1.00. Wm. B. Eerdmans The Presbyterian .!,mn~ Pub. Co. Grand Rapids.

New Testament Principles and Mod- A weekly religious newspaper in of tbt ern Missions. By a Missionary its lo6th year of continuous pub- Secretary. Gd. 22 pp. World Do- (!Cbri~tian minion Press. London.

New Testament Commentary. Edited lication under the same name. 1Lift by Herbert C. Allerman. United Lutheran Pub. House. Philadel- It is conservative and evangel- ell BOOK of worship in song, com- phia,l'a. ical, gets its news by telegraph bining a hymnal for general and keeps abreast of the times. church use, and a song book for evan- Portuguese East Africa-A Study of gelistic purposes. Owy songs sound Its Religious Needs. Eduardo Mor- It goes into every state of the in the faith and inspirational-in char- eira. 104 pp. 28. Gd. World Do- Union, the District of Columbia, acter included•••emphasizing Evangel- minion Press. London. and U. S. possessions. ism, Missions, and the Deeper Life. Many of the new._.the best of the old. Reftections of a Pioneer. W. R. S. It goes to Asia and Africa, South Miller. 58. 22G pp. C. M. S. Lon- America, Canada and New Zealand don.

The Silent Oak. Armine Gabriel. 298 pp. $2.50. RevelL New York.

What Maurice Found. Laura A. and into twelve countries of Eu- Barter-Snow. 189 pp. lB. Gd. rope. Pickering & Inglis. London. 504 Songs Responsive Readings Why Quit Our Own. Geo. N. Peek, Subscription Price, • • .' $2.50 Samuel Crowther. D. Van Nos- Ministerial Rate, • • • $2.00 Topical Index Gold Embossed trand Co., New York. Published in round notes and Roxite cloth Christmas in Other Lands. Compiled 50e. extra..·Canadian postage by Dorothy M. Horne. Illus. 63 $1.00 extra•••foreign postage edition only at $65.00 per lOQ….·an especially pp. lB. Gd. S. P. G. in F. P. Lon- low price. Single copy, SSe. postpaid. don. THE PRESBYTERIAN Write todal/ fOT .etumable sample cop, 11'11 Through the Eye to the Heart. 1217 Market: St:reet, Philadelphia, Pa. j Edited br Hy Pickerin~. 28. 1G4 CHRISTIAN PUBUCATIONS. pp. PIckering & Ingbs. London. INCORPORATED Third and Reily Streets Harrisburg, Pa.

~ ~bri~tma~ ~ift ~uggt~tion

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The Missionary Review of the World — June 1936

1936

?2e QmefticaK 9ftO ?2umbeft BEACON LIGHTS OF NEGRO PROGRESS Charles H. Wesley HELPS AND HINDRANCES TO PROGRESS Reverdy C. Ransom TWO GENERATIONS SINCE EMANCIPATION Monroe N. Work SOME OUTSTANDING NEGRO CHRISTIANS Channing H. Tobias THE GREATEST NEED OF THE NEGRO C. L. Hill DANIEL PAYNE: CHRISTIAN EDUCATOR Josephus R. Coan NEGRO YOUTH AND THE CHURCH TODAY Martin L. Harvey WHAT NEGROES ARE DOING FOR NEGROES L. L. Berry EXPERIENCE IN WORK WITH NEGROES Frederick L. Brownlee OTHER LESSONS FROM EXPERIENCE John Little NEGRO YOUTH CHALLENGES WHITE YOUTH J. S. Ledbetter 25 Cents a Copy $2.50 a YeaT

to Remember Mt. lAke Park, Md.–July 10-16. eial weekly periodical of the Meth-

Mrs. B. H. Sincell, 103 2d St., odist Episcopal Church, is one of a June 4-9-General Synod of the Re- Oakland, Md. number of Advocates published in dif- formed Church in America. Ro- ferent parts of the country with a chester, N. Y. Northfield, Mass.–July 6-14. total circulation of 170,000. Dr. Joy Miss Amy Ogden Welcher, 796 is seventy-two years of age, having June 10-17 – Ann u a I Conference, Prospect Ave., Hartford, Conn. been born in Groton, Mass., and was Church of the Brethren. Hershey, graduated from Yale University in Pa. Southern California (Los Angeles)- 1885. He is still in good health and September 21-25. wields an effective pen. His successor, June 16-24-General Council of Con- Mrs. H. M. Horn, 1965 Carmen Dr. Harold Paul Sloan, was elected at gregational and Christian Churches. Ave., Los Angeles, Calif. Mt. Holyoke College, South Hadley, ., . . the Quadrennial Conference of the Mass. Warren, Ohio-October 6-7. Mrs. George Konold, 314 Scott Methodist Church held in Columbus, June 23-28-Christian Youth Council St., N. E., Warren, Ohio. Ohio, early in May. of North America. Lakeside, Ohio. Rev. F. W. S. O'Neill, missionary Winona lAke, lnd.–June 24-30. in Manchuria since 1897, will be the June 27-July 4-Geneva Summer Mrs. Lulu C. Hunter, 1021 So. moderator of the general assembly of School for Missions. Lake Geneva, Elmwood Ave., Oak Park, Ill. the Presbyterian Church in Ireland Wisconsin. this year. Mr.- O'Neill is the author The Gospel in Print of several books which are a distinct June 29-July 10 – Indian Missionary contribution to missionary literature. Conference and Annual Meeting of Sound Evangelical Literature the National Fellowship of Indian for the Million ••• Workers. College of Agriculture, Rev. William C. Kerr, who has Madison, Wis. Books, Pamphlets, Tracts and Wall Mottoes served as Presbyterian missionary in Jor .11 .g••, cl……nd n••d., also Seoul, Korea, for 18 years, has been July 6-12 – Twelfth World's Sunday' Bibles, Testllments, Gospel "portions" honored with the decoration of "the School Convention. Oslo, Norway. fourth order of merit with the sacred lind Hymn Books. CI. Suppli•• Eor Chri.- treasure" by Emperor Hirohito of July 9-August 12-Winona Latte' Japan. School of Theology. Winona Lake, ti.n Worlc.r.-colporters and eVllngelists ••• Ind. Rev. Nelson Bitton retired on April .specillily. CI. Book Mi..ion.ri•• w.nt.d 30th from office as Home Secretary August 16-23-World Missions'Insti- of the London Missionary Society tute, Chautauqua, New York. in every community, for entire or pllrt time; fllir finllncilll remunerlltion. CI. Work after thirty-eight years' service as missionary and secretary. One of the CONFERENCES AND SCHOOLS Jound.d by D. L. MOODY in 189lJ. special'services he rendered was his OF MISSIONS -Th. M….g•• oJ Good Book. H.v.r visit to Samoa in 1932. Other activi- Die.- ties included participation in the Affiliated with the Council of Women L. M. S. China Council, the Anti- for Home Missions and the Com- Write to", Opium Campaign, associate editorship mittee on Women's Work, For- of the Chinese Recorder, as well as the eign Missions Conference Bibl. Inll:. Colportag. AII'n work of the Christian Literature So- • ciety of China. • • Baltimore, Md.-October 19-21. 843 N. w.n., Chic.go Mrs. David D. Baker, 410 N. Cal- Per.onal Item. Dr. David McConaughey, vicehoun St., Baltimore, M,d. chairman of the World's Stewardship Dr. M. T. Rankin. missionary Bethesda, Ohio–July 20-24. teacher in the Graves Theological Union, is now in Europe, having been Seminary at Canton, China, has been invited to address a series of steward- Miss Mary I. Scott, 310 Tomlin- elected secretary for the Orient of the shi:p "clinics" with church leaders in son Ave., Moundsville, W. Va. Southern Baptist Board, to serve as SWItzerland, France and Great Brit- a connecting link between the mis- Boulder, Colorado-June21-27. ain. Among the other gatherings he • • sioJts and the Board. is to speak on stewardship before the Mrs. Henry F. Hoffman, 741 General Assembly of the Presbyterian Adams St., Denver, Colo. • Church of Scotland.

Cha,utauqua, N. Y.-Institute of Dr. Roy G. Ross, a missionary sec- World Missions (August 16-23). retary of the Disciples' Church, has been elected executive secretary of the Mrs. F. C. Reynolds, 309 Wood- International Council of Religious land Road, Roland Park, Baltimore, Md. … Education, to fill the position made Eaglesmere, Pa.–June26-July 3. vacant by the resilPlation of Dr. Hugh THAT TEACH Mrs. E. B. Breeding, 24 Rugby S. Magill. Lane, Scarsdale, N. Y. THE BIBLE , Used in thousands of Sunday Schools Houston, Te~~ – September 28:" Oc- where leaders believe in the inspira- tober 2. ' , Miss Lillian Nichols, head of Hols- tion of God's Word. ton Institute, Songdo, Korea, has been Dean – Mrs. A. B. Hynes, 618 cited for 26 years of meritorious serv- FREE PROSPECTUS of department Highland, Houston, Texas. ice to this Methodist School. in which you are interested and sam- ple lessons (Graded or Uniform) will lAke Geneva, Wis.–June 27-Jrily 4. *•* be sent on request. Desk MR-6. Mrs. T. A. Freeman, 427 Green- wood Ave., Evanston, Ill. Dr. James R. Joy, for 21 years Editor of The Christian Advocate of Minnesota, (Minneapolis,-St. Pa'l!-l)- the Methodist Episcopal Church, and September 21-25. ' previously eleven years assistant edi- tor under the late Dr. James M. Bulk- Ex. Sec. – Mrs. C. E. Heard,' ley, has announced his retirement 3020 Colfax Ave., Minneapolis, from editorial work on June 1st. Dr. Minn. Joy has held a position of large re- sponsibility and wide influence in the Mt. Hermon, Calif.-July '25-Aug- church. His paper, which is the omust 1. '

Mrs. N. J. Forsberg, 325 Dorantes Ave., San Francisco, Calif.

MISSIONARY Obituary

REVIEW OF THE WORLD Mrs. Dan Crawford, widow of the .When your Call DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Editor famous Central Africa missionary who was author of "Thinking Black" comes from the East … VOL. LIX JUNE, 1936 No.6 and other volumes, died on April 13th. Mrs. Crawford went out with her SAIL BY P&O Publication and Business Office- husband 37 years ago to Luanza, Cen- Third and Reily Sts., Harrisburg, Pa. tral Africa, and there did effective Choose the convenient and traditional pioneer work. She was a wise coun- way, to whatever part of the East the Editorial and Executive Office- cillor and a remarkably able worker work of the Faith may take you … to 156 Fifth Avenue, New York City. in Bi10le schools and in Gospel evan- Egypt, Sudan, the Persian Gulf, India, Entered as second-class matter at gelism which helped to transform so Burma, Ceylon, Straits Settlements, many lives. The work is still carried China, Japan, Australia, New Zealand, Post Office, Harrisburg, Pa., under on as an independent mission, most East or South Africa. Just cross to Act of March 3, 1879. of the workers being associated with England by Cunard White Star and the Plymouth Brethren. sail from there in any Liner of the 25 cents a copy-$2.50 a year. great P & 0 fleet … including the new Foreign Postage, 50 cents a year. *** sister-ships Strathnaver, Strathaird Published monthly, except August. and Strathmore. You'll enjoy the ut- All rights reserved. Copyrighted 1935. Dr. John C. Berry, distinguished most comfort of this western world, British agents – Marshall, Morgan medical missionary to Japan, who in- all the way East! and Scott, 12 Paternoster Buildings, troduced the first trained nurse into London, E. C. 1 shilling pel' copy, that country, died in Worcester, Convenient through bookings can be arranged 10 shillings a year. Mass., February 8th, at the age of 89. by your local travel agent or any office of In addition to his medical work, Dr. MISSIONARY REVIEW PUB- Berry was instrumental in effecting CUNARD WHITE STAR LINE LISHING CO., INC. a comprehensive and permanent work of prison reform in Japan. At a re- General Agents BOARD OF DIRECTORS cent convention of social workers in 25 Broadway and 638 Fifth Avenue, New York ROBERT E. SPEER, President Tokyo, attended by 3,000 delegates, he A. L. WARNSHUIS, Vioo-President was hailed as the "Founder of Social WALTER McDOUGALL, Treasurer Service in the Nation." DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Secretary Dr. Judson C*. K* ing*, Baptist med- SAMUEL MCCREA CAVERT ical missionary in the Belgian Congo, WILLIAM I. C'HAMBERL,oUN died March 27th, at Sona Bata. The crowning achievement of his mission- D. J. FANT ary service was the founding of Sona MRS. ORRIN R. JUDD Bata Medical School in 1932.

WM. B. LIPPHARD J ames Cruic*ksh*ank*, of Cairo, as- Emc M. NORTH sistant to the Chief Mechanical Engi- SAMUEL M. ZWEMER neer of the Egyptian Railways, died February 10th. Mr. Cruickshank was Editorial Chat (Conc:uded on 3d Cover.) Here is our special number on the American Negro. It has food for The Presbyt:erian thought and prayer. Our readers will appreciate the ready response of the A weekly religious newspaper in authors who have contributed these papers in response to our invitation. . its lo6th year of continuous pub- It will lend additional interest if the reader can try to distinguish, from lication under the same name. the style and spirit and thoughts expressed, which are white of skin. It It is conservative and evangelwill be seen that color is only skin deep, provided that the soul has not ical, gets its news by telegraph been oppressed or embittered by injustice or lack of opportunity. and keeps abreast of the times.

Some of the important promised It goes into every state of the articles, we regret to say, have not reached us in time to be included. Union, the District of Columbia, These may be looked for in later issues of THE REVIEW. These articles and U. S. possessions. are intended to supp:ement the textbooks published by the Missionary It goes to Asia and Africa, South Education Movement for adults, young people and children of various America, Canada and New Zealand grades. They offer a large and rich and into twelve countries of ~u­ assortment. rope. *** Subscription Price, – BOUND VOLUMES WANTED Ministerial Rate, The library of Emory University, 50c. extra—Canadian postage Emory, Georgia, asks for the follow- $1.00 extra—Foreign postage ing numbers of THE REVIEW to complete its files: THE PRESBYTERIAN November and December, 1925. 1217 Market Street, Philadelphia, Pa. January, February, May, July, 1926. January, 1927. December, 1929.

They might be interested to secure the entire years 1925, 1926, 1927 and 1929 in bound volumes.

Kindly write to Miss Elizabeth Royer, Librarian, Emory University, Emory, Georgia.

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"Harper's Weekly" Drawing by 801

TYPICAL SCENE FROM NEGRO' CAMP MEETING IN THE SOUTH SIXTY YEARS AGO'

EAGER SEARCH FO'R KNO'WLEDGE~LO'RIMElR SCHOO'L, ED~STO' ISLAND, SO'UTH CARO'LINA EVIDENCES OF PROGRESS AMONG AMERICAN NEGROES REVIB ORLD VOLUME LIX AN INTERDENOMINATIONAL REVIEW OF WORLD-WIDE CHRISTIAN PROGRESS NUMBER 6 JUNE, 1936 Topics of the Times OUR INTEREST IN THE NEGRO The Negro is a living soul made capable of re- ceiving the impress of the likeness of Christ. There are more Negroes in the United States What then is the great hindrance to Negro dethan comprise the population of Egypt or Ethio- velopment in America? Undoubtedly it is racial pia or Siam. Many of these Negroes are as poor, prejudice and discrimination. We may not apas ignorant and as spiritually destitute as are the prove of it theoretically, or be ready to acknowlunderprivileged of many lands to whom we send edge it, but practically every white man is inmIsSIOnaries. Christians in these United States fluenced by this prejudice, especially in communihave a special responsibility for helping Amer- ties where Negroes are numerous. The reason ican Negroes since these people are descendents of for this discrimination is another matter. It is men and women who were taken from their na- not innate; children have no such prejudice until tive land by force and were brought to this coun- it is put into their minds by their elders or by try against their will to work for the white man some unpleasant and unreasoning experience.

without pay. Many of them were treated worse Negroes have racial characteristics which have than cattle. As a result of prejudice and lack of proved valuable assets to State and Church.

opportunity, multitudes of these Negroes are still Their natural good cheer and sense of humor, subject to unfair discrimination and their phys- their music and other talents, their ability to ical, mental and moral welfare are neglected. work, their devotion to those who show them kind- These conditions form a menace to health, social ness, and their religious sense and response to security and Christian progress in the communi- the Gospel of Christ, are all evidences of God in ties where these people live, not because they are them. Negroes but because their ignorance and the crowded, unsanitary, one-room cabins cannot but The study of the Negro is worth while. The spread physical and moral disease–whether they mission books of the year and this number of are inhabited by white folk or black. THE REVIEW provide the opportunity. Here are set forth the characteristics of the race, the prog- But such a condition is not characteristic of all ress made in the past two generations, the great Negro communities today. With good, steady achievem~nts of individual Negroes and the posjobs, an opportunity for education, and fair treat- sibilities for advance. Such a study will increase ment, the Negro has proved his ability to advance interracial understanding and sympathy and and to serve his generation unselfishly and effec- should stir Christians with a determination to tively. Such men of African descent as J. E. K. give adequate economic and educational oppor- Aggrey, Chief Khama, Bishop Samuel Crowther, tunities, to promote social justice and to recog- Paul Lawrence Dunbar, Booker T. Washington, nize the Negro as a brother man. There is no Richard R. Moton, and hundreds of other Negro reason to obliterate social barriers or to advocate men and women, are proof of what valuable an interracial marriage. The most intelligent Neasset to humanity the African may be. America groes do not desire such a movement but they ask, is indebted to the race for service in many lines and have a right to expect, equality of opportuand everywhere they may be an asset to the nity, impartial justice, friendliness and Christnation. like interest in their temporal and eternal wel- fare.

[275 ]

ETHIOPIA – A PREY solini has proclaimed religious liberty, as Haile The Empire of Ethiopia, practically the last in- Selassie had done, but experience in other Italian dependent African-ruled territory, has finally be- colonies does not give great encouragement to come a prey to the Roman Eagle. With the fall hope that the ten Protestant societies, with some of Addis Ababa, the capital, on May 3d, and the one hundred and forty missionaries working in flight of Emperor Haile Selassie to Palestine, thirty stations, will be free from interference or Ethiopian independence came to an end and discrimination. No Protestant missions are per- Premier Mussolini has declared the country to be mitted in Italian Somaliland or in Tripoli and Italian territory. The victory, after seven the few mission workers in Eritrea have been exmonths' warfare, brings no honor or credit to pelled. If the Italian Evangelical churches were Mussolini and the Italian armies. A strong na- strong enough they might be able to establish tion, with an effective army and navy, equipped work in Ethiopia. with modern guns, tanks, airplanes and gas bombs, has indeed overcome a weak but brave The unofficial plan, outlined in Rome for the nation which had an untrained army, no navy, conquered territory, includes the following proand almost no modern military equipment. The visions: Italians have descended like wolves upon a sheepfold. This conquest of a weaker member of the 1. Native chiefs, with Italian civil commis- League of Nations, by an aggressive and self- sioners and district military commanders, are to seeking conqueror belonging to the same League, be set up in each province. There is no thought has again revealed the ineffectiveness of the of continuing an even nominal native dynasty, as League and their inability to cooperate unselfishly the Japanese have done in Manchukuo.

2. Civil and religious liberty is proclaimed, with the abolition of slavery.

in order to stop a strong nation from violating 3. A native mercenary army, under Italian of- covenants. Partial trade "sanctions" and moral ficers, may be organized to police the country as disapproval have not been effective, but a united in other colonies.

stand by members of the League, backed by mili- 4. Roads, airports and a new railway will be tary measures, would no doubt have put a stop to built, and commerce will be developed.

Italy's program. America, like the other Euro- Dr. Charles J. Rolls, a representative of the pean' nations, was unwilling to resort to war to Sudan Interior Mission, who recently visited make the League covenants effective. Ethiopia during the Italian invasion, writes as follows in the Evangelical Christian: The rainy season and the roadless mountains were Ethiopia's best natural defences but these Italy deems the best course to take for reforming failed to stop airplanes equipped with machine Ethiopia is to conquer its people by atrocious warfare guns and bombs. Without respect of persons, that violates more princip:es of righteousness than all the non-combatants and Red Cross units suffered wrongs she declares need to be eliminated. . . . The Di- along with the military forces. Two missionaries vine method of transforming a people is not by bombs and were killed accidentally-Dr. Hockman by a bomb, ·tanks and by turning machine gun-fire from airplanes on villages and Red Cross units, but by opening up wells of and an Adventist, Mrs. Stadin, by a stray bullet. Salvation. Several Red Cross workers were also killed or wounded. WHAT IS WRONG WITH AMERICA? The terms of conquest have not yet been pro- claimed. Italy has promised to give Ethiopia a Views as to the present situation in North more stable modern government than was pos- America, and in the world at large, vary accord- sible for Haile Selassie and his tribal chiefs. This ing to the chief interests and viewpoints of critics.

will depend on the Italian's ability to win the co- Newspaper and magazine articles, sermons and operation of the people and their ability to pay the addresses are full of warnings or optimistic state- cost of good colonial government. Their experi- ments as to the political, economic, social and re- ence in Eritrea, Somaliland and Tripoli does not ligious outlook. That many things are wrong and give much reason for confidence. Slavery has should be corrected all will agree but there are already been abolished by Italian decree, as Haile differences of opinion on the causes and the rem- Selassie had already attempted to do. Lake Tana, edy. Those who are committed to God and His the headwaters of the Blue Nile, will be a point standards for-life, as ~evealed in the Bible, gen- of friction with Egypt and Great Britain and in- erally agree that there has been a great lowering ternational trade presents many a problem. The of moral standards and a disturbing failure in nations of the League have thus far refused to religious education of the youth of the present acknowledge Italian sovereignty. generation. The results are seen in many ways, The effect of Italian occupation on Protestant especially in the lawless attitude of youth, even missionary work, it is difficult to foretell. Mus- of the so-called "best families," toward all restric-

TOPICS OF THE TIMES

tion in what they consider personal liberty-as to are expected to include the following speakers- speed limits, use of intoxicants, marriage and sex- Dr. E. Stanley Jones, of India, author of "The life, property rights, tax returns and the laws of Christ of Every Road"; Dr. T. Z. Koo, the well- God. The best thing about the youth today as a known Chinese Christian leader; Dr. George W.

whole is probably their frankness and readiness Truett, of Dallas, Texas; President Albert W. to risk all to carry out whatever ideals they have. Beaven, of Colgate-Rochester Divinity School; But one of the greatest needs of the day is the Dr. George A. Buttrick, of New York; Dean Lynn training of the youth in respect for law, in rev- Harold Hough, of Drew Theological Seminary; erence for God, in knowledge of His revealed will, Dr. Ivan Lee Holt, of St. Louis; Bishop Arthur J. and in self-discipline and the putting of first Moore, of San Antonio, Texas; Rev. Daniel A. Poling, of New York; Miss Muriel Lester, of things first. Dr. William Merrill Vories, founder of the Omi- London, and some twenty others. Hachiman Mission, Japan, has recently revisited The purpose of the Mission is stated briefly as America and has traveled extensively over the follows: country. Like Mrs. E. Stanley Jones, he is dis- The Mission shall therefore seek to teach and preach in turbed by the signs of retrogression in the spirit- its fulness the Gospel of our common Lord and Saviour, Jesus Christ; to confront through group contacts and uallife of the people-especially in women. Form- public meetings as well the clear thought and courageous erly they were the moral backbone of the country, will of the American people as their finer feelings and the spiritual strength of the Church and the chief best tradition; in a civilization which irreligion is on the promotors of its missionary work. Today Dr. verge of destroying, and in the midst of which it has Vories sees them generally spending lavishly on become an imperative necessity in the high cause of the cosmetics, cigarettes and strong drink, talking future that Christianity shou:d gird itself for a real freely of sex, living loosely and devoted more to struggle, to stress once more the reasonableness of the "bridge" and the theater than to children, their Christian faith in die Personal God, its aptness to the deepest needs and farthest aspirations of human life, and homes, or the church. He sees many churches life- its redemptive, creative power in the organizing and shaping of a bewildered society toward the standards and less and preachers too often seeking popularity ideals of the Kingdom of God. with men, rather than desiring to be true prophets of God; he notes the absence of a clear and effec- The emphasis will be upon the Gospel of Christ tive message of salvation for this sin-sick and dis- as the unchanging need of every age and espetracted world. Even Christians are charged with having forgotten their chief business in life-the cially needed to solve the problems of the present carrying forward of Christ's work-and of being day. guilty of settling down to ease or hopeless discouragement. Christians everywhere are requested to pray earnestly that the blessing of God shall be upon But in the youth of today and tomorrow we the undertaking and the workers; and for the find cause for real encouragement-if they can be revival of true Christian faith and spiritual life turned Christward. There are signs of awakening in this time of crisis and the world's need. here and there among them, bOut with powerful materialistic forces holding them back or drag- Preparations for this Preaching campaign will ging them down to ruin. The youth of today need be followed with prayerful interest. Clearly the new life, vision, an incentive to sacrificial service, Gospel of Christ needs to be preached more faithand wise, inspirational Christian leadership. The fully and powerfully than it is preached in most remedy for present evils can only be found in churches today. His power needs to be mani- Christ. fested by regenerated lives for more than is evident in most Christians in America. But a re- vival cannot be "worked up"; that experience must come by the power of the Holy Spirit, work- A NATIONAL PREACHING MISSION ing through lives surrendered to God. The suc- America needs a spiritual awakening. That cess of this or any other work for spiritual cannot be denied; but how is it to be brought awakening will not depend on organization or on about? In the autumn, between September 13th famous speakers; it must depend chiefly on four and December 9th, the Federal Council of things: Churches is planning a united campaign to deepen 1. The character of the messengers-whether Christian faith and life throughout North Amer- they are truly Spirit-filled men and women, with ica. A team of preachers will visit some twenty personal experience of Christ, a passion to win of the larger cities, spending four days in each men to Him, and a whole-hearted belief in the city, and holding popular mass meetings and power of the Gospel. .

smaller conferences in order to make an impact 2. The message they reach-whether it is truly on the spiritual life of the community. The teams the Gospel of Christ, unclouded with doubts, and

mixed with a discussion of international ques- sonal talks, (5) lantern lectures on the Life of Christ. Results were reported to be remarkable. tions, economic problems, social service and other In Hyderabad and elsewhere teams of preachsecondary considerations. ers and lay workers have distributed Gospel por- tions at melas, a cinema projector has been used 3. The receptive attitude of the audiences and to attract people and the Gospel was proclaimed in song. Many villages were visited and even the zeal of local workers-will their expectation those from high castes were reached in large numbers. be a thrill from eloquent preachers or will they The main points of the program for the movecome hungry for the Word of God and an ex- ment are: the observance of a special time of preparation, annual "Weeks of Witness," and the perience of new life in Christ. setting aside by each Council of two workers to forward the work; newspaper evangelism, Bible 4. The power of the Spirit of God must be evi- and tract distribution and preaching missions.

dent in speakers, committees, personal workers The Chhindwara Retreat for Prayer and Con- sideration of Mass Movements in Mid-India, held and hearers. Prayer and the "still small Voice" in 1935, calls attention to eleven principles to which they subscribe. It is possible today for in this enterprise are more important than preach- whole castes to be won for Jesus Christ. "We hold that the present situation is nothing less than ing. Vital personal work is more effective than a call from God to disciple entire castes number- ing hundreds of thousands of souls." Large popsermons that draw large crowds. The tfme to ulations have been christianized, not through the conversion of the upper castes first, but through begin to pray and prepare for a revival is now, that of the Depressed Classes. It is, therefore, wise strategy to concentrate attention on the more not next September; and the place is not in large approachable castes. To do this a greater mo- bility of missionary forces is needed. There meetings but in individual homes and hearts, on should be cooperation in revival, a reallocation of resources, and, in some cases, of territory. our knees. . Dependence must be placed on the preaching of FIVE-YEAR EVANGELISM IN INDIA God's Word. "We believe that merely living the Gospel, and mere humanitarian projects to relieve Christian leaders in India have united in a call human ignorance or suffering are, when taken for a definite Five-Year Evangelistic Forward alone, entirely inadequate to bring men and Movement, inaugurated by seven weeks of prep- women into the great salvation." At the same aration, in each district, with the following topics time, the convert must be enabled to give proper suggested, one for each week: expression of his new-found spiritual experiences among his neighbors. Following baptism, ade- 1. The primary duty of Christians to witness. quate instruction and guidance must be given to 2. Successful personal evangelism. new converts. Finally, the present opportunities 3. Churches and United Witness bearing. constitute a great call to all Christians for new 4. Witness of the Christian home. consecration. 5. Evangelism by literature. 6. Education and evangelism. The editor of The Indian Witness writes: 7. Evangelism and social service. "Everywhere Christians are found to be deeply This movement is being promoted by the Na- concerned with their own spiritual condition and .tional Christian Council of India, Burma and Cey- that of those around them. Everywhere we hear lon, which is calling all churches to witness in the hope expressed of a spiritual revival among their own areas. A definite aim and program is Christians…. Reports reach us of awakenings advocated "to enlist all Christians – men and in many place-s-in schools and churches and rewomen, students and officials, boys and girls – in treats. . . . If the Christians of India everyone great army of volunteer evangelists, each where will show the love of Christ in testimony bringing his or her own talent to the task. Some and through their lives, the blessings to themwill preach, others will sell Gospels, some will selves and to others will be innumerable." sing, still others will do personal work with individuals."

A special "Witness Week" has already been held in Dornakal, after which the field was divided into six parts under the care of six groups. Each had a leader and the congregations were divided into four age-groups. Children had banners made with these words inscribed in Telugu: "The Lord Jesus, the Saviour of the world." The leaders met each morning for prayer and consultation, and in the evening went in groups to the villages assigned. The work consisted mainly of (1) distribution of handbills and tracts, (2) sale of Gospel portions, (3) witness bearing, (4) per-

Lights of Negro

By CHARLES H. WESLEY, Washington, D. C.

Professor of History in Howard University NEGROES have been associated with the changes, economic, religious and educational achievements of the American people from trends and cultural progress. These are beacon the earliest years, both as individuals and lights which point the way through the maze of as a racial group. One of the noted early explor- complex changes. ers and pioneers was Estevan who led an expedi- Population Changes-During the 'one hundred tion in the sixteenth century from Mexico into and forty years from 1790 to 1930 the Negroes the territory of the Southwest and discovered have increased from three-quarters of a million what we now call New Mexico and Arizona. From to nearly twelve millions. The increase from this period to the time when Matthew A. Henson, 1920 to 1930 was greater than the entire Negro a Negro, accompanied Commander Peary in his population in 1800. In 1860 the total number discovery of the North Pole, Negroes have been of Negroes was 4,441,830, and in 1930, it was associated with some of the outstanding American 11,891,143. In the meantime the percentage of pioneer efforts. From the time when twenty Ne- the Negro to the total population has shown a groes were brought to Jamestown, Virginia, in decrease, from 19.3 per cent at the first census 1619 to the most recent of the developments in in 1790 to 9.7 per cent in 1930. the South, the Negro has helped with his labor in producing the agriculture and the economic Prior to 1910 about 89 per cent of the Negro and social life of the Southern states. From Cris- population lived in the South Atlantic and South pus Attucks, a Negro who shed the first blood Central states. A majority of these lived in the so-called Black Belt. In several counties the Ne- for the American cause in the Boston Massacre groes outnumbered the whites. In 1930 of the in 1770, to the Negro soldiers who fought in the total Negro population, 78.7 per cent were in the Civil War to the number of 178,000, the courage Southern states, whereas in 1910 they constituted of Negro troops has been highly praised. 90 per cent. In the last twenty~five years over In literature, song and cultural progress Ne- a million Negroes have left the farms for the cities groes have made distinct contributions to Ameri- of the South and over a million and a half have can civilization. They had also improved their migrated to the urban centers of the North. economic status and were engaged in numerous The greatest change in the distribution of the gainful pursuits prior to 1865. There were 59,557 Negroes came in the decade 1920-1930, during free Negroes in America at the first census in which there was a shift northward. This migra- 1790 and in seventy years this number increased tion began with the opening of the World War to 488,070. Contemporary observers stated that in 1914, and continued with the cessation of imthere were among them persons of "education, migrant labor and the rise of the demand for refinement, sound sense and correct morals." This Negro labor. The peak of this migratory moveis corroborated by the historical facts. ment was reached in1~17-1921. More than two- thirds of the increase in the Negro population It is absurd to assume that all the Negroes during the last two decades has taken place in the were degraded until the issuance of the Emanci- Northern states; but the percentage of Negroes pation Proclamation and the passage of the Thir- teenth Amendment. There were inefficient and in the North in 1930 was only 3.3 per cent. At unworthy Negroes just as there are the same the- same time over 40 per cent of the Negroes types in any group today. By their own efforts, were still in Georgia, Mississippi, Alabama, North and with the aid of sympathetic friends, indi- Carolina and Texas. The largest number of Nevidual free Negroes were attaining economic in- groes in the North are in Pennsylvania, New dependence and making personal progress before York and Illinois. 1865, when the group as a whole was made phys- Many believe that this newer distribution of ically free. Decades prior to this period, thou- Negroes will make the problem of their presence sands had freed themselves from human slavery among Southern whites less acute, but others and economic want. maintain that it has added to the strained race relations in some of the Northern and urban The Negro's progress since emancipation centers. Wherever toleration and Christian inshould be examined as it relates to population [279 ]

fluences have been at work the change has been cent were Negroes, the percentage of Negroes on ultimately beneficial to the Negroes and the com- relief in proportion to the population, being almunities have registered no loss by their presence. most twice that of the whites. In January, 1935, The dangers have been found to be more imagi- there were 3,500,000 Negroes in families receivnary than real. ing relief or 29 per cent of the entire Negropop- ulation. This is an indication of the deepening of Economic Progress-The aggregate wealth of the economic plight of black Americans. While the Negroes has increased from 1860 to the pres- 20 to 25 per cent of the white workers are un- employed today, from 40 to 50 per cent of the TYPICAL HOME OF A NEGRO TENANT FARMER Negro workers are unemployed. There has been IN THE SOllTH progress, but there has also been retrogression.

ent time from about $20,000,000 to perhaps $2,- Just after emancipation there was only one 000,000,000 or about 100 times. There were about bank in which Negroes were active as workers 20,000 farms operated independently by Negroes and depositors. The Freedman's Savings Bank in 1865. Now they operate about 880,000 farms. had white officials until the last year when it was In 1920 there were 925,608 Negro farmers who almost ready to fail and Negro officials were inoperated 41,432,182 acres, 23.6 per cent being troduced. In 1924 there were 73 Negro banks owners. Ten years later (1930) the Negro farm- with $6,250,000 in capital and $20,000,000 in reers had decreased to 882,850 and their acres in sources. Some of these banks are still in active operation had decreased to 37,597,132. operation, although they operate on small capital. Negro life insurance companies have enjoyed un- The depression, together with the accompany- precedented growth and expansion from 1920 to ing hard economic times, was responsible for these 1929, when difficulties began. Fifteen companies decreases in the usual upward trends in Negro operated old line legal reserve insurance in 1920, agricultural life. The crop reduction program, with policyholders' surplus in excess of $100,000; tenant evictions and unemployment for Negro in 1935 these had decreased to eight; seven had agricultural workers have made these conditions disappeared, three had failed, three had amalgaworse, especially among sharecroppers and tenants. Negro land tenantry as a result of fore- MODERN TYPE OF NEGRO HOME IN THE CITY closures has influenced the formation of sharecroppers' unions and of cooperative associations mated, one had changed to a mutual company. upon racial and interracial bases. The capital and surplus of these fifteen companies in 1929 was $2,903,228 and in 1935 was $2,046,- Of the gainfully employed Negroes in 1930, of 214. These companies have given opportunities whom there were 5,503,532, there was 36.1o/e to Negroes for experience in business managewho were engaged in agriculture and 63.9 per ment and control, and have given employment to cent in industrial and urban occupations. There hundreds of young Negro college graduates. has thus developed a trend towards industrial life. The factory workers have increased continuously, and the period since the World War has brought about a more extensive increase of semi-skilled and skilled workers. The labor unions, however, have not welcomed Negro workers and some unions have excluded them.

Since the economic crisis of 1929, the numbers upon relief have increased so that in 1933, there were approximately 13,600,000 persons on relief, of which 81.3 per cent were white and 16.7 per

1936J BEACON LIGHTS OF NEGRO PROGRESS

Negro retail business has greatly increased College graduates continue to enter the ministry, since emancipation. In 1865, it was estimated and while there are relatively more Negro min- that there were 2,100 Negro business concerns, isters than white, in proportion to the popula- and in 1936 there were over 70,000, with sales tion, it is also a fact that there has been an ad- amounting to over $100,000,000 in 1930. The vance in the intelligence of the Negro ministers.

principal businesses were grocery stores, 'filling However, only 38 per cent of the pastors of Negro stations, restaurants and lunch rooms, tobacco churches are either college or seminary graduates.

There were 42,585 Negro churches at the last religious census. The Negro membership was 5,203,487, or 9.5 per cent of all church members in the United States. These members were dis- tributed among the denominations as follows: Negro Baptists, 61.4 per cent; African Methodist Episcopal Church, 10.5 per cent; African Meth- odist Episcopal Zion Church, 8.8 per cent; Epis- copal Church, 6.4 per cent; Colored Methodist Episcopal Church, 3.9 per cent; Roman Catholic Church, 2.4 per cent; Protestant Episcopal, 1 per cent; and all other denomihations, 5.6 per cent.

These churches contribute annually over $250,000 to home missions and over $150,000 to foreign missions. There are large denominational publi- cation houses furnishing these congregations with RURAL NEGRO CHURCH RECONSTRUCTED religious literature. FROM AK OLD BARN Education-In 1860, the vast majority of the stores', and barber shops. These serve especially Negroes were illiterate. Decade by decade, this the Negro communities of the large urban centers has been reduced so that by 1930 Negro illiteracy and give employment to hundreds who would find was only 16.3 per cent. Of these illiterates, 93.6 difficulty in obtaining employment in similar fields per cent were in the South. This reduction in in the older American stores. illiteracy has been made in spite of the fact that the Negro separate schools have been invariably In spite of numerous handicaps Negroes have inferior to the white schools in the same areas. become a part of the economic life of the nation. Nineteen of the 48 states provide by law for the In agriculture, industry and business they have separation of the races in the schools; this has become more important factors with the passing years. Whether the present economic changes will make their lot better or worse is problemati- cal. It seems clearer each day, however, that their economic status is closely allied with that of the whites and that the interracial relations of whites and blacks on the lower economic levels are as important as these relations are for the higher levels.

Religion-It is difficult to chronicle the advance in religion, which is often personal in its opera- tion rather than organizational. There are fac- tors other than numbers which deserve considera- tion. The total number of Negro church mem- bers, according to the most recent figures, is a 5,187,500 in a total Negro population of 11,891,- 143. This leaves non-church population of 6,703,643 Negroes. All agree, however, that as a group, Negroes have been fundamentally religious A MODERN NEGRO RURAL CHURCH and have responded readily to religious appeals. resulted in gross inequalities in expenditures and There has been a continuous advance since free- equipment. For instance, in 1930 the per capita dom in the methods and improved practices in expenditure for the average white child enrolled religious worship. Less emotion and more rea- in schools where separation was mandatory was son are shown today. $44.31, while the per capita expenditure for the The Negro ministry has improved in quality average Negro child was only $12.57. During as well as in numbers since the days of slavery. the past 30 years these disparities between ex-

penditures for the education of whites and Ne- is regarded as the highest degree conferred by groes have increased more than fourfold. These any university. There were 16 of these degrees increasing inequalities are reflected in Negro given in the natural sciences, 15 in the social sci- crime, delinquency and maladjustment. It is un- ences and 14 in the languages including English.

fortunate that these are placed to the Negro's White friends have contributed directly and discredit as a race rather than to the conditions indirectly to the progress of Negro education, and out of which these results arise. In spite of this seven educational foundations have worked for discrepancy, there has been remarkable improve- the advancement of Negro education in the South ment and cooperation between white and colored since the Civil War. They are the Peabody Edupeople in the extension and development of Negro cation Fund, the John F. Slater Fund, the Geneducation. eral Education Board, the Anna T. Jeanes Foun- There are about 25,000 Negro students in insti- dation, the Phelps-Stokes Fund, the Julius Rosen- tutions above high school; 22,500 are in Negro wald Fund and the Commission on Interracial institutions, while there are about 250,000 white Cooperation. These foundations have brought students in the colleges of the South where the inspiration, expert direction and material support average ratio of whites to Negroes is about 4 to to the education of Negroes when it was greatly 1. It should be especially noted that there is not neglected.

one state-supported institution in the Southern Negroes have contributed more than $3,000,000 states in which Negr~es may be admitted to pur- for the support of their schools, it has been esti- sue either graduate or professional education. mated, yet this is only a fraction of the pos- Due to court action, brought last year by the Na- sibility. The Negro religious denominations sup- tional Association for the Advancement of Col- port about 175 schools; the African Methodist ored People, a Negro student was admitted for Episcopal Church contributes about $500,000 an- this school-year to the University of Maryland nually to its schools and colleges. Assistance is Law School. State support of Negro mechanical also given by the Negroes of local communities and agricultural state colleges and normal schools to the building and maintenance of schoolhouses has been increasing year by year, although'their and social organizations.

support is by no means proportionate to the taxes Cultural Progress-Politics, literature, art, mupaid by Negroes or to their educational needs. sic, amusements and organized social efforts have Advance in Education shown a marked advance. Though at first wedded to the Republican party by tradition and by an In spite of these limitations Negro education acknowledged debt, the Negroes today are voting has continued to advance. In 1865 there were and working for every ticket as American citi- very few schools for Negroes, but there are today zens. There are some so-called radicals who are about 25,000 elementary schools, 1,400 high stimUlating the thought of Negro life as never schools, 500 universities, colleges and normal before and a Negro was selected as the candidate schools. There were less than 600 Negro teachers of the Communist Party for the Vice-Presidency in 1865 but today there are more than 50,000 of the United States in 1932. But there are rela- Negro teachers with approximately less than 500 tively few Communists among Negroes at present.

white persons teaching Negroes exclusively. Col- In literature, there is a Renaissance of producleges for Negroes are gradually being placed un- tion which since the WorId War is most noticeder the control of Negro officials and teachers. able. Poetry, novels and volumes of serious In the days immediately following the Civil War, scholarship are pouring off the press, until the white teachers volunteered for service in Negro few published prior to this period may seem very education and through the subsequent years there small. In art, always the last of civilizing activihas been a continuance of this service, but as ties to appear, individual attainments are beginemployment for Negroes becomes more restricted ning to be made. The names of H. O. Tanner, E. and opportunities for whites among their own M. Bannister, R. S. Duncanson, William Edward group are more general, there is a tendency to Scott, Meta Warrick, May Howard Jackson, Aureplace white presidents and teachers with Ne- gusta Savage, Edmonia Lewis-these are the new groes in Negro schools. evidences ot distinction in this field. In music, In the decade 1860-1870, there were only 44 attainments were made prior to freedom in the Negro college graduates; but from 1900 to 1910 folk melodies, the work songs, the minstrel songs there were 1,613 and in the one year 1925, there -which are the original contributions of the Ne- were 675, who received the bachelor's degree. gro to American life. Negro musicians, among This number has steadily increased. Prior to whom are H. T. Burleigh, Roland Hayes, Marion 1931 sixty Negroes (52 male, 8 female), have Anderson, J. Rosamond Johnson, Nathaniel Dett, gained the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, which William Dawson, William Grant Still and others

BEACON LIGHTS OF NEGRO PROGRESS

are using these themes very effectively in public A MODERN NEGRO CHURCH RElCREATIONAL CENTER presentations.

Great advances may be noted in the publication of newspapers and magazines. One has only to look at the Negro newspapers of twenty years ago and the same papers today, or to have visited the pUblication plants of twenty years ago and then compare them with the plants today in order to note the advance.

Many eloquent white spokesmen and courageous leaders have shown the measures of the Negro's advancement. They have spoken with great respect of Booker T. Washington who has left a deep impression upon American education. Richard Allen, Frederick Douglass, James Varick, Daniel A. Payne, J. W. C. Pennington, Soujourner Truth, Harriett Tubman, J. C. Price, M. C. B. Mason and hundreds of others, in the church and in public activities of various types, have demonstrated the capacities of the Negro for citizenship and the privileges within the gift of the nation.

Behind these individual leaders, there are the masses who, through social organizations such as the Y. M. C. A., theY. W. C. A., fraternal organizations and welfare associations, are giving continuous evidence of a progressive advancement. These beacon lights in Negro life should not be neglected. Let us face these neglected beams of light as we express the fervent hope that the spirit of Christian brotherhood may make possible greater achievements by the Negro and by.all minority social groups in American life.

The Word of God as a Missionary Man is sometimes bound, "but the Word of God is not bound"; the restrictions and restraints which limit and fetter man do not touch the Book. The lapse of time and stretch of space do not affect it. It utters no unwise word, takes no wrong step, forms no indiscreet alliances and lowers itself by no political entanglements or worldly compromises.

This Missionary is never weak nor weary, needs no rest and is unaffected by climate, diet or local surroundings.

A stranger alike to external hardship of internal disquiet, this Messenger of God never halts in obedience, hesitates in aim nor stumbles in action. It speaks as powerfully to the ignorant as. to the educated, the poor as the rich, the low-born as the high-born; is not intimidated by threats, dismayed by persecution nor destroyed by violence.

It claims to have in it, as His Living Book, God's vital power and to be life-imparting, so that men are born from above through it as God's "seed." (Acts 7: 38; Hebrews 4: 12; 1 Peter 1: 23; James 1: 21.) The history of missions puts these claims to the test and proves God's Book to be his chosen channel whereby his Spirit pours life into human souls. Hence, even where living men have not yet borne their witness, his Word has often won its triumphs.

-Arthur T. Pierson.

THE BOOKER T. WASHINGTON AGRICULTURAL SCHOOL ON WHEELS Reaching the Negroes where they live and teaching them how to live better THE STRONG GO ON!

By EDWARD E. BLAKE, Washington, D. C., in Twentieth Century Progress In the fight 'twixt Truth and Error when the As the surging battle thickens, and the cohorts of Right opposes Wrong; the foe When the friends of Light seem weakest and the Make assault with seeming triumph dealing heavy hosts of Darkness strong; blow on blow; When the way grows harder, rougher, and the 'Spite of darkness, doubters, weaklings, and cor- clouds are black ahead; ruption's sordid crew; When the timid doubters question, and the weak- 'Spite of greedy, trimmers, traitors; with cour- lings stop with dread; ageous faithful few -the strong go on! -the strong fight on!

Though the Church deserts her standard and be- Still with faith in Truth triumphant and in Right. fore strong Error quails; dynamic, strong; When allies desert, surrender, and expected suc- Like the pow'rful few of Gideon crushed the many cor fails; weakly wrong; When the sneering liquor foeman hurls his shafts Mighty as the pen of Lincoln 'gainst dark Slav'ry's of bitter hate; futile sword; And through servile venal parties overwhelms the Ever forward, ever onward, battling Rum's sa- Ship of State; tanic horde; -the strong march on! -the strong go on-to vict.ory!

Helps and Handicaps to

By BISHOP REVERDY C. RANSOM, Wilberforce, Ohio President of the Fraternal Council of Negro Churches N EGROES and their white fellow country- twenty-four Negro religious denominations in the men are so closely bound together in the United States, not counting the hundreds of store- currents of our national life, that it is diffi- front churches and missions scattered through- cult to specify the "helps and handicaps" that out the country. These denominations have ap- may not apply equally to all groups. proximately six million members, but more than As a result of his inheritance from American six million Negroes in the United States do not chattel slavery, as well as from his present social belong to any church. These constitute both a and economic plight within the nation, the Negro problem and an opportunity, not only for the is encumbered with certain handicaps which, Negro church, but for all American Christians.

either through circumstances or design, apply Many grave problems confront both the Amer- particularly to him. ican government and the church, but none is more No nation, not even in the days of the Apostles, serious and challenging than that which relates has ever had laid upon the steps of the altars of to the social, economic and political status of religion a race as susceptible to the appeal of the Americans of African descent. This question Gospel message as is the case in the United States. strikes at the heart and spirit of both American The Negroes brought here from Africa were in- democracy and American Christianity. The prob- deed crude material, fresh from the jungle and lem is not so much one of evangelism as one of the desert, with no sacred books, no written sys- freedom, justice and opportunity. American tem of ethics, science or philosophy. They were Christians must face the question of applying the a highly emotional people of vivid imagination, Gospel of Christ to uphold the spirit of 'American warm in their friendships, eager to respond to democracy in the vital test of the social status cordial overtures, and filling with music, laughter and economic opportunities of our Negro popula- and song the days of their captivity in a strange tion. It strikes a disturbing note when, either land. Within the past three hundred years, what from the rostrum or the printed page, this whole is the harvest of souls gathered from a so-called question is stripped of its disguises and we are "heathen" or "inferior" people by American forced to look upon it as millions are compelled to Christians? The American Indian has given see it for what it is, every day of their lives.

Christianity a negligible, a cold and indifferent Americans at heart desire the progress and response; on the other hand, in the face of denial well-being of all groups of citizens; and in the in the beginning, the Negro, as a slave, almost spirit of Christ, particularly in the case of the immediately sought to become a baptized member Negro, we have gone far to assist that progress.

of the Christian Church. It seems a providence There is nothing more beautiful in history than of God that the Negro, among the most backward the service rendered by the consecrated white of the races of men, should be linked, almost from men ap.d women who went south at the close of the beginning, with the birth of American de- the Civil War, under the auspices of the American mocracy and should be brought under the in- Missionary Society and boards of some of the re- fluence of American Christianity. ligious denominations, to prepare the recently lib- The Negro population of the United States to- erated slaves for the duties and responsibilities of day is three times larger than the entire popula- citizenship. Many of these young men and wom- tion of the United States in 1787 when our Fed- en, in complete self-forgetfulness, remained until eral Constitution was framed. Today, Negroes they grew gray in that constructive service. Their in North America number about twice the entire action touched the heart of philanthropy, it en- population of the New England states. There are couraged statesmanship, it stirred aspiration, three times as many Negroes in the United States and gave hope and courage to an aspiring race.

as there are Jews. They make up a population As the result of this Christian service, we have six times larger than the Indian, Mexican, Jap- in the United States today 118 Negro colleges, anese, Chinese and Filipinos combined. There are where, in the year 1933, there were 54,166 stu- [285 ]

dents. In 1935, the degree of B.A. or B.S. was braries in some of the states, and in but few granted to more than three thousand Negroes. places may they have free access to witness the There are more than four thousand practicing best plays, hear the 'best music and see the great Negro physicians and surgeons, and more than works of art. All of these handicaps are being fifty thousand Negro school teachers in the United increasingly overcome by efforts on the part of States. This is but a part of the leadership being Negroes through the churches, schools and social furnished within the race to permeate and uplift agencies as well as through a growing culture the entire mass of the people. Of course, it is and a freer expression of the mind and spirit in inadequate, but is none the less a miracle wrought the realm of music and the arts. by the Christian spirit and cooperation of white men and women who started the work amid the "For" or "With" the Negroes wreckage of slave-pens and the dying embers of the Civil War. The schools and colleges established by white philanthropy for Negroes have been of inestima- 'Negro Christian Leadership ble value in assisting them to achieve a higher and better life, but today they fall short of the Negro Christian leadership, today, through mark by only doing things "for Negroes," instead catering too largely to the religious forms and of doing things "with Negroes," in the spirit of customs of the era of slavery, is losing its hold Christian cooperation and friendliness. The Neand influence over the growing body of intelli- gro educators may train the mind, but they cangence in the race as a whole. This group is not free the spirits of their people unless they largely drifting, without spiritual chart or com- are taught to openly challenge, by peaceful methpass, in peril of shipwreck, upon the rocks of in- ods, the degrading social and industrial conditions differentism, atheism or communism. They are that are thwarting or hindering their progress. the most fruitful soil in America for the seed of any doctrine that promises to give them social We should have some choice white men and and economic deliverance and opportunity. women on the faculty of every Negro school and college. Among the religious denominations, each Negro Christian leadership has not seriously one of their general boards, agencies or organizaassumed responsibility for the fact that almost tions should include some Colored men and womthe entire load of the social, moral and spiritual en of intelligence and understanding in its memrescue and guidance has been placed upon their bership and thus lead the way to unified shoulders.' Sympathetic friends may pray for cooperation and sympathetic understanding. them and extend material aid, but the actual personal contact and service must be performed by The most hopeful and forward-looking movethemselves. ment among Negro Christians is the "Fraternal Council of Negro Churches in the United States" If the Negro youth is to be educated in schools which was organized more than a year ago by and colleges, separate and apart from the white some of the leading representatives of all the youth,. and if religious training in Sunday schools distinctly independent Negro denominations. and the various young people's Christian organ- Without attempting to duplicate or parallel the izations is also the responsibility of the Negro work of the Federal Council of Churches of Christ teachers and leaders, a people so recently removed in America, some aims of the Fraternal Council from slavery, and still largely submerged in ig- of Negro Churches are, as stated in its "Annual norance and poverty, presents a problem and an Message to the Churches": opportunity sufficient to engage the heart of an angel. It seeks to become a rallying point for fearless action in behalf of the interests of our people where religious There are today approximately 1,500,000 -Negro beliefs and denominational interests and ambition shall youths in the United States between the ages of not be permitted to enter to divide our councils, and where ten and nineteen years. These bring us face to partisan and political divisions shall have no place. face with' the question of recreation and amusement. It is here that religious training and in- If the Negro Church is to survive, it must offer the :tfuence meet one of their earliest as well as se- Negro youth of today something more than a home in verest tests upon the life and character of the heaven. We urge our ministers to study their Bibles with youth of today. The common recreational facili- particular reference to the presentation of the teachings ties and outlets provided by public parks, swim- of Jesus, regarding social justice and brotherhood, and ming pools, bathing beaches and other centers of we call upon our own people, the Negroes of America, to recreation are denied to Negroes in the southern be more loyal to their churches of whatever denomination, states,.and they find themselves either unwelcome, to attend their services and abide by their rules. or flatly excluded, in other sections of the country. They may not have access to our main public li- We call upon ministers and lay members in all the churches to cross the boundary lines of their denomina- tionalism, to join the common task of working in the pres- ent to secure the future peace and justice, not only of our race, but of all underprivileged and oppressed. We aI'ilo urge that our people be encouraged to organize, wherever they can, to study and be instructed in the fundamentals

SOME HELPS AND HANDICAPS TO PROGRESS

of our social, political and economic life that they may do not touch his political disfranchisement or his properly understand their relations to American and world life. economic disinheritance. They hope to do so in Negroes left to themselves cannot assure the the long run, because they have the usual faith spiritual and moral future of the tens of thousands of Negro high school and college graduates in the power of education and moral suasion to who are to have the moral, social and spiritual leadership of this people in the next generation. soften the heart of the white man. This faith is As I see it, the question comes back primarily to one of social justice and economic opportunity. filled with many illusions, as such expectations To show to a people the fruits from a land they are not permitted to enter, to lift them up to heav- always are. However large the number of indien where they may see all the glories of business and economic opportunity, and then to cast them vidual white men who identify themselves comdown to the bitter hell of exclusion and denial intensifies the seriousness of America's most vital pletely with the Negro cause, the white race in problem. Unless the white American pUlpit rids itself of its silence and timidity and boldly faces America will not admit the Negro to equal rights the situation in the name of Christ, it is but a cross upon the backs of Negro Christian leader- if it is not forced to do so. Upon that point, one ship, the weight of which may cause them to faint, if not to despair. may speak with a dogmatism which all history We have among Negroes "a spiritual leadership justifies. that is intellectually weak; and an intellectual leadership that is spiritually weak." If we would If present conditions continue, both Commusee China, India and Africa brought to Christ, our Christian faith and service should first achieve nism and Socialism will increasingly appeal to the test of permitting six million Negro Christians to stand erect in every section of our com- Negroes, the people farthest down, and the most mon country, free to go forth unhindered and make their contribution to our national well-be- flagrantly disinherited. Communism offers racial, ing, unhindered in the avenues of social and economic opportunity and freedom. social and economic equality, and in Russia, it is The reason that Negroes are not a disappearing attempting to practice what it preaches. Chrisrace in America, but increase with each succeeding decade (Negro population census 1790 was tianity is founded upon the doctrine of goodwill, 757,208; in 1930, it was 11,891,141) is because both in slavery and freedom they have attained brotherhood, peace and love among all men. a fine technique in practicing non-resistance, without resorting either to noncooperation or violence. Never before in the history of the world was Dr. Reinhold Niebuhr in his book, "Moral Man and Immoral Society," says "It is hopeless for Christianity furnished with so complete a laborathe Negro to expect complete emancipation from the menial, social and economic position into tory for demonstrating these doctrines. All of which the white man has forced him, merely by trusting in the moral sense of the white race. the human ingredients are here, only awaiting The Negro schools, conducted under the aus- the kindling spark which alone can be struck by pices of white philanthropy, encourage individual Negroes to higher forms of self-realization; but the followers of Jesus, submitting themselves to they do not make a frontal attack upon the social injustices and political rights for the Negro with- God's transforming and overcoming power out arousing the antagonism of the whites. They try to enlarge, but they operate nevertheless with- through faith in Jesus Christ. The task and the in the limits of the "zones of agreement." test of Christianity in America is to absorb the This means that they secure minimum rights for the Negro such as better sanitation, police Negro into the' body of our society on the basis protection and more adequate schools. But they of justice, righteousness and good. will. Negroes are a peace-loving people. The spirit of the good neighbor pervades the race. How far mutual dependence and common poverty are responsible for this, I do not know. But grasping greed and insensibility to the condition of the weak and unfortunate is not a characteristic of the Negro race. The thing that sustained the Negro in slav- ery, the thing that brought him through the pe- riod of Reconstruction and the thing that chiefly sustains him now, is faith in God, faith in his future and faith in himself. Like Abraham, he has gone forth and continues to walk by faith, believing that God will give him a better heritage and a brighter day.

The Christiari hosts that are on duty all along the firing line against social, moral and spiritual.

foes, have in the Negro division a great army held in reserve. These soldiers of the Cross should be thoroughly trained, equipped and armed for active service in a battle that must be fought to a de- cisive conclusion. It may be, in the providence of God, the spiritual reinforcement they shall bring will strike the decisive blow to the forces that openly challenge the authority of the State and the strength and influence of the Christian Church. .

NEGRO POPULATION OF THE UNITED STATES-1900 TO 1930 Section 1930 1920 ,1910 1900 Total ……………………….. . 11,891,143 10,463,131 9,827,763 8,833,994 The North ………………………. . 2,409,21S 1,472,309 1,027,674 880,771 The South ………………………. . 9,361,577 8,912,231 8,749,427 The West ……………………….. . 78,591 7,922,969 120,347 50,662 30,254 TOTAL AND NEGRO POPULATION BY STATES AND PER CENT OF NEGRO POPULATION IN EACH STATE IN 1930 States Total Negro Per Cent Negro PerCent Population Population Population Illiterate New England 1,096 0.1 4.8 890 0.2 3.9 Maine ……..•……………………. 797,423 568 0.2 4.9 1.2 5.4 New Hampshire …………………… . 465,293 52,365 1.4 8.1 Vermont ………………………. , .. . 359,611 9,913 1.8 4.9 Massachusetts …………………….. . 4,249,614 29.354 3.3 2.5 RhQde Island ……………… , …….. . 687,497 412,814 5.2 5.1 Connecticut …….. , …. ' ………….. . 1,606,903 208,828 4.5 4.2 431,257 Middle Atlantic 4.7 6.4 309,304 3.5 6.0 New york …………………………. 12,588,066 111,982 4.3 3.6 328,972 3.5 3.0 New Jersey ………… " …………… 4,041,334 169,453 0.4 4.4 Pennsylvania ………………………. 9,631,350 10,739 0.4 2.0 0.7 5.4 East North Central 9,445 6.2 8.8 17,380 0.1 3.4 Ohio ……………………………. . 6,646,697 223,840 0.1 2.2 Indiana …………………………. . 3,238,503 1.0 3.9 Illinois ………………………….. . 7,630,654 377 3.5 5.9 M~chiga~ ….•…………………….. 4,842,325 646 13,752 13.6 13.2 WISconSIn ………………………… . 2,939,006 66,344 16.9 11.4 27.1 4.1 West North Central 32,602 26.8 19.2 276,379 6.6 11.3 Minnesota ……………………….. . 2,563,953 132,068 29.0 20.6 Iowa …………………………….. . 2,470,939 650,165 45.6 26.9 Missouri …………………………. . 3,629,367 114,893 36.8 19.9 North Dakota …………………….. . 680,845 918,647 29.4 18.8 793,681 South Dakota …………………….. . 692,849 1,071,125 8.6 15.4 431,828 18.3 Nebraska ………………………… . 1,377,963 35.7 14.~ Kansas ………………………….. . 1,880,999 226,040 50.2 477,646 26.2 South Atlantic . 944,834 25.8 23.2 1,009,718 36.9 Delaware ………………………… . 238,380 J 6.1 478,463 7.2 23.3 Maryland ………………………… . 1,631,526 776,326 14.7 District of Columbia ………………… . 486,869 172,198 9.3 Virginia …………………………. . 2,421,851 854,964 0.2 13.4 0.1 West Virginia …………………….. . 1,729,205 1,256 0.6 4.6 North Carolina …… , ……………… . 3,170,276 668 1.1 4.2 South Carolina ……………………. . 1,738,765 0.7 4.2 1,250 2.5 3.9 Georgia ………………………….. . 2,908,506 11,828 0.2 0.6 6.0 Florida ………………………….. . 1,468,211 2,850 3.2 10,749 0.4 1.5 East South Central 0.2 1,108 1.4 2.9 Kentucky ………………………… . 2,614,589 516 2.2 3.1 Tennessee ………………………… . 2,616,556 6,840 A~ab:,-~a : ………………………… . 2,646,248 2,234 MISSISSIPPI ……………………….. . 2,009,821 81,048 West South Central Arkansas ………………………… . 1,854,482 'Louisiana ………………………… . 2,101,593 Oklahoma ………………………… . 2,396,040 Texas …………………………… . 5,824,715 Mountain Montana ………………………….'. 537,606 Idaho ……………………………. . 445,032 Wyoming ………………………… . 225,565 Colorado ……………………… , … . 1,035,791 New Mexico ………………………. . 423,317 Arizona …………………………. . 435,573 Utah ……………………………. . 507,847 Nevada ………………………….. . 91,058 Pacific Washington ………………………. . 1,563,396 Oregon ………….. , …………….. . 953,786 California ……………………….. . 5,677,251 NOTE: Thus the greatest Negro illiteracy is found in South Carolina, Alabama, Louisiana, Mississippi and North Carolina-where the Negroes form from 29 to 50 per cent of the PQPulation; the greatest literacy among Negroes is in Northern and Western States where they form only from one to four per cent of the total popUlation.

OF NEGROES IN THE TOTAL POPULATION, BY STATES

(District of Columbia, 27.1 per cent. not shown ~eparately on the map) CJ UNDER I m~ I TO 6 a 5 TO 12~ ~ 12" TO 2S 00 25 TO 37~ 37~ TO 60 50 AND OVER THE HEAVY LINES(_) SHOW Q£OCR"~HIC DIVISIONS Two G~nerations Since Emancipation By MONROE N. WORK, Tuskegee, Alabama Editor of the Negro Year Book PROGRESS IN SEVENTY YEARS-1866-1936 W E ASSUME that individuals and groups do make progress. If one took into ac- Economic Progress- 1866 1936 Gain in Seventy count only what has happened to Ameri- Homes Owned …..•. 12,000 750,000 Ye(1J)"S can Negroes in the recent depression years he Farms Operated ….. 8,80,000 could easily present facts to indicate, at least 20,000 738,000 from an economic standpoint, that the group had 70,000 860,000 lost much of its gains of the previous decade. To Businesses Conducted . 2,100 $2,500,000,000 get a more accurate measure of the progress of 67,900 the Negro group in America it is necessary to Financial Strength … $20,000,000 $2,480,000,000 take a long time view. Seventy years (1866 to 1936) has elapsed since slavery was abolished in Educational Progress- 10 90 80 the United States and under freedom Negroes 15 800 785 have had opportunity, in spite of handicaps and Per Cent Literate ..•. 100,000 2,500,000 restrictions, to demonstrate their capabilities. Schools for Higher 600 55,000 2,400,000 $60,000 $65,000,000 54,41)0 We are too prone to measure achievements in Training* …….. . $700,000 $61,700,000 economic terms. There are other values-moral, Students in Pub I i c $80,000 $3,500,000 $64,940,000 spiritual and intellectual, to be taken into ac- $61,000,000 Schools ………. . Teachers in all Schools $3,420,000 Property for Higher Education …….. . Annual Expenditures for all Education .. Amount R a i sed by Negroes ……••..

Religious Progres8- Number of ChUrches .. 700 45,000 44,300 4,700,000 Communicants ….•.. 600,000 5,300,000 Sunday Schools …… 36,000 35,000 Sunday School Pupils • 1,000 2,200,000 2,150.000 50,000 $210,000,000 $208,500,000 Value Church Property $1,500,000 • Includes Public High Schools. count. These are difficult to present in a factual [289 ]

manner, but some indirect evidence of such prog- Years N umber Receiving gress is indicated in the emphasis which, through 1901-1905 the years, the group has placed upon home build- 1906-1910 ……………………………. 1 ing and the imparting of moral and spiritual pre- 1911-1915 cepts to the children in the home. 1916-1920 ……………………………. 3 1921-1925 ……………………………. 4 Intellectual progress is indicated in the record 1926-1930 ……………………………. 9 of the achievements of Negroes in all the fields 1931-1935 ……………………………. 12 of intellectual endeavor, as shown in the various ……………………………. 18 editions of the Negro Year Book under "Inven- ……………………………. 63 tions" and "Scholastic Achievements." They relate particularly to what Negroes have done in Total ……………………………. 117 open competition in the best high schools, colleges and universities of the country. In the high Thus from 1867 to 1930, 54 Negroes received schools are found an increasing number of Negro Doctor of Philosophy degrees, whereas in the five students getting the highest ratings,. becoming year period, 1931-1935, there were 63 Negroes the valedictorians of their classes, receiving schol- receiving this degree. arships, prizes and other awards. Many have graduated cum laude and magna cum laude from Negro Drift to the Cities such leading universities and colleges as Syracuse, Bryn Mawr, Smith, Bates, Tufts and Harvard. The Negro population is still, in the main, rural, Negroes have achieved scholastic distinction in but in 1930, only 56.3 per cent was rural, as comall the fields of learning, in the humanities and pared with 66 per cent in 1920, and 72.7 per cent in the social and physical sciences. in 1910. This indicates the increasing movement of Negroes to urban centers, and if the trend The following tables show first, the number of continues it is probable that by 1940, the Negro, Negroes elected to Phi Beta Kappa in the sixty- like the white population, will be predominantly two years, 1874 to 1935 inclusive; and second, urban. the number who have been awarded Doctor of Philosophy Degrees in the sixty years, 1876 to The general trend of the Negro movement has 1935.* been from rural areas and small urban centers to cities of 100,000 or more inhabitants. Between NUMBER OF NEGROES WHO HAVE BEEN ELECTED TO MEM- 192'0 and 1930, the Negro population of urban territory increased from 3,559,473 to 5,193,913, BERSHIP IN THE PHI BETA KAPPA FRATERNITY 1874-1935 while that of rural areas decreased from 6,903,658 to 6,697,230. The Negro population of cities, with Year8 Number Elected 100,000 or more inhabitants, increased approxi- mately 1,200,000 during that same period.

1874-1880 ……………………………. 4 NEGROES IN UNITED STATES IN URBAN AND RURAL 1881-1885 ……………………………. 1 COMMUNITIES per-eent 1886-1890 ……………………………. 0 Year Urban Rural Ur<ban Rural 1891-1895 …………….•.•.•••••••.•••••• 5 1930 5,193,913 6,697,230 43.1 56.3 1896-1900 ……………………………. 1 1920 3,559,473 6,903,658 34.0 66.0 1901-1905 ……………………………. 7 1910 2,684,797 7,142,966 27.3 72.7 1906-1910 ……………………………. 6 1900 2,005,972 6,828,022 22.7 77.3 1911-1915 ……………………………. 10 1890 1,481,142 6,007,534 19.8 80.2 1916-1920 ……………………………. 24 1921-1925 ……………………………. 21 In 1930 there were 2,881,790 Negroes in the 93 cities having a total population of 100,000 or 1926-1930 ……………………………. 40 more. Seven cities-New York, Chicago, Phila- delphia, Baltimore, Washington, New Orleans 1931-1935 ……………………………. 32 and Detroit-had more than 100,000 Negroes each and over one-third of the Negro population Total ……………………………. 151 in the North was concentrated in the above four northern cities. Negroes' represented more than It is to be noted that almost as many Negroes, 38 per cent of the total population in Birmingham 72, were elected to Phi Beta Kappa in the ten and Memphis; over 33 per cent in Atlanta, Jackyear period, 1926 to 1935 as were elected, 79, in sonville and Norfolk; more than 25 per cent in the fifty-two year period, 1874 to 1925. Washington, New Orleans, Richmond, Nashville and Chattanooga; and more than 20 per cent in NUMBER OF NEGROES RECEIVING DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF Houston, Miami and Tampa. In almost every southern city, the proportion of Negroes in the PHILOSOPHY-1876-1935 total population has been decreasing, while in the northern cities the proportion has been increas- Ye'ar8 Number Receiving ing.* 1876-1880 ……………………………. 2 1881-1885 ……………………………. 0 1886-1890 ……………………………. 1 1891-1895 ……………………………. 2 1896-1900 ……………………………. 2 • Membership in the Phi Beta Kappa Fraternity is cO'nferred in • See "Negroes in the United States," 1920-1932 (page 48). the leading cO'lleges and universities O'n undergraduates whO' are amO'ng the best scholars and is for scholarship only. The degree of DoctO'r of PhilO'sophy is the highest earned degree conferred by educational institutions.

Negro View of the White Man*

By REV. HAROLD M. KINGSLEY, Cleveland, Ohio Pastor of the MI. Zion Congregational Church "WE HAVE lost faith in the white man's what the resentment in the colored man's mined religion and morals," exclaimed a Negro when he thinks of the white man's attitude. at an informal conference in the South Possibly no Anglo-Saxon ever put the issue a few months after the World War. Excitement quite so bluntly and boldly as does William James had not yet died down ; blood was at a fever heat; in his letters when he asks, "What right of emimen were wrought up with great expectancy and nent domain has the white man over darker a new self-appreciation; the rights of oppressed races?" He beseeches his fellow men of the white minorities were being championed by the fore- race to cease their "snivelling hypocrisy" and not most world leaders; men of our race had made to cloak economic exploitations with fine phrases the supreme sacrifice; the disappointment of and soft platitudes. Here he indicates the very those who were tacitly given to understand that kernel of the matter and reveals a most unusual the war made no difference, that they were ex- ability for seeing one's self as others ~ee one. pected to resume an oppressed, a backward status Those who doubt the truth of other statements in -in other words, that the war had brought no this article, will do well to ponder the words of improvement in the status of the Negro in Amer- William James. ica-struck home with sharpness of a sword and the bitterness of gall. The man who expressed The challenge is not so much that of the rethis sentiment to the Negro conference, and to demption of the black man, as that of the redemptwo white delegates honestly seeking a basis of tion of the black and white, working together, understanding, was not a radical but a thought- through an actual practice of Christianity. There ful, conservative, life-long friend of the white is still in the minds of belated races a doubt as to man and one of the steadiest champions of peace- the honesty of the white man's religion. Thus ful Christian race-adj ustment. the situation that confronts the white man today for his own salvation is that of practicing the The white visitors were surprised to find that kind of Christianity he preaches, and to erase, by the Negro not only expected a larger life as a re- a new demonstration of Christianity, a doubt sult of his sacrifices and loyalty during the war, which is not only humiliating to the conscientious but that resentment had been aroused by the new white man, but is detrimental to the honest black wave of oppression and violence 'that swept over man. Let us together restore confidence, not in the country, manifested as it was, in Washing- the white man's Christianity or the black man's ton, Chicago, Omaha and St. Paul, and that, with Christianity, but in the power of the religion of bitterness in his soul, he was beginning to doubt Jesus Christ of Nazareth, which includes a practhe integrity of the white man, his sincerity of tice of the doctrine of brotherly love to embrace purpose and the genuineness of his moral and re- all men. ligious professions. Perhaps no more self-revealing and truthful sentiment was ever uttered than To be concrete, in suggestion, I would point out this regretful indictment by this black friend of that in addition to the splendid publicity campaign the white man. carried out by religious organizations North and South, that the Home Mission Study Course pre- Picture a race the victim of caricature and fun- sents probably the finest approach for the young making, judged by its lowest and most inferior mind that has ever been presented to the public types, after the Civil War the object of a brutal in such a form, and that the Interracial Commisopposition to all fundamentals of progress, and sion of Atlanta and the Commission on Church later, after overcoming this opposition to an ex- and Race Relations of the Federal Council of tent and pushing upward to a surprising degree, Churches are all together, with other similar to be made the butt of cruel jokes, the object of agencies, presenting a program and a solution coarse ridicule, and you may understand some- that will bring better understanding, more help- ful appreciation and a real working fellowship 19;2~eprlnted from the MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD, June, which will help to change the Negro's unfavor- able estimate of the white man.

[291 ]

Negro as a Human

Are We Making Progress in Better Race Relationships By WILL W. ALEXANDER, Atlanta, Georgia Executive Director of Commission on Interracial Cooperation SVCH a term as "race relationships" appears eraIly, the idea that the Negro is a normal human in the language and comes into common being. This is not to say that there may not be usage without being adequately defined. The out of the African background certain influences term means different things to different people. that persist among American Negroes at the pres- Perhaps to most people in North America it means ent time. It is to say that these influences are some sort of indefinite relationship between white superficial and that the fundamental explanation and colored people. To be more exact, it prob- of the present condition of American Negroes has ably would mean the relation of Negroes to the grown out of their social inheritance, rather than general cultural and economic structure of Amer- out of inherent biological qualities.

ican life. In the American mind there came over from Progress in relating Negroes to this general slavery numerous widely held ideas about the social and economic structure would best be tested peculiar characteristics of Negroes. Long years by the extent to which it is possible for them to ago a great national leader said that if it could find an opportunity in America for the full de- be demonstrated to him that a Negro could master velopment and unhindered expression of their the higher mathematics he would believe that the capacities as human beings. It might be said that race had real intelligence. There is a widespread progress is measured by the extent to which belief that Negro children generally can be taught Negroes as a group and in their individual sta- as other children are taught up to the age of early tions are thought of as persons, and not as spe- adolescence and after that, because of certain cial kinds of persons. The difficulty has been that inevitable biological tendencies, that they cannot most white people have thought of them as spe- go through the normal educational experiences cial kinds of persons, and involved in this think- that are open to other children. An extreme and ing has been the belief in the inherent racial in- almost incredible example of this habit of attrib- feriority of Negroes as a group. As a result, it uting special racial characteristics to Negroes is has been supposed that Negroes are incapable of found in the belief that there are certain types acquiring the tools of culture necessary for full of Negroes known as "blue-gums," whose bite is participation in American life. Because of this as poisonous as that of a serpent! One can still assumption, Negroes generally have been assigned find this belief in some sections of the South.

to an inferior status. Discrimination has been There is a large body of tradition about Negro justified on the ground that it was inevitable be- health, which assumes that because of biological cause of this inherent racial inferiority. This old inheritances Negroes react to disease in ways that argument by which slavery was justified is used white people do not. Many articles have been to explain any retardation that may be found to written in a serious attempt to maintain this be characteristic of Negro Americans in any field. thesis. These assumptions have given rise to the All shortcomings in the Negro community, idea which is generally accepted that in most whether high death rate, high incidence of homi- fields of human achievement a colored person who cide, or irregular domestic relations, are explained shows particular aptitude must have white blood on this ground. in his veins. The tendency to give a racial explanation to Some really pious people support their belief in everything distinctive in the Negro community in the Negro's variation from the normal human America is, like many other folkways, entirely type not by biology but by the Scriptures. In the unscientific. The best students of anthropology South, and in other sections of the country, there find less and less that is purely biological in the are literalists who find in the story of Ham a basis differences between human beings. The first task, for the belief that the Negro group suffers from therefore, in improving race relations in America a special divine curse which makes them entirely was to establish, in the thinking of people gen- different and, of course, inferior to other human [292 ] beings. A friend of mine-a college graduate and able to acquire and contrih'ute to the culture by a fervent and active lay evangelist-declines to which they are surroijnded. The less effective have anything whatever to do with Negroes and schools have fallen by the wayside, but the better believes that they should not be encouraged to par- ones have survived and many others have been ticipate in anything but the most unimportant added. Educational opportunities for Negroes human activities. He is sure that they are di- are better today than ever before. vinely assigned to a position of inferiority and that no human effort can alter this. He holds White and Colored Students that nothing can be done to improve the condition of Negro life until Christ returns bodily to the Recently, over a period of three years, it was earth to reign-that He will then change the color my privilege to participate in the selection of some of their skin, straighten their hair, and give them seventy young people from colleges of the South an opportunity to become as other human beings. for graduate study in the best schools in this coun- It would seem that most white Americans have try. The number was divided between white and been preoccupied almost to the point of an obses- colored on the basis of popUlation. The careers sion with finding the ways in which Negroes dif- of these students were followed with great care. fer from other human beings. Although most of them had difficulty in meeting the requirements of the graduate schools, the diffi- There always have been white Americans who culties of the colored students were no greater were unwilling to accept the belief that Negroes than those of the whites. Each year some of the were racially inferior. The early educational op- students selected did distinguished work, and a portunities for Negroes were developed on the fair number of Negroes were always found in assumption that they had the capacity to acquire this group. This undoubtedly indicates that the the tools by which to participate in the civilization best of the colored colleges in the South are now of which they were a part. It must be remem- doing work of a high grade-some of them, work bered that this effort began less than a hundred equally as thorough and excellent as that of any years ago. Of course, during the period of slavery other educational institutions in this section. A Negroes incidentally and imperfectly acquired few distinguished centers of education for Necertain of these tools, but it is only since the Civil groes are being developed in the far South. Out War that anything like an adequate opportunity of all this will come an increasing number of men for education has been available for them. In and women who are able to make real contribuspite of this late beginning, there are today groups tions to the development of American life and to of Negroes in America who have acquired the the enrichment of American culture. tools of learning and who are doing excellent work in every field of human endeavor. The number of Twenty years ago the great graduate schools these is increasing every year and the examples outside the South were reluctant to accept Negro of Negro achievement in the field of human learn- students, and very few such students were ening are becoming more and more striking with rolled in these schools. This was perhaps due to each generation of college students. Slowly some extent to hesitation on the part of the col- Negroes themselves are refuting the popular be- leges to face the complications that might arise lief as to their inferiority. Intelligent Americans from the introduction of Negroes into their stuwho have made any careful observations no longer dent bodies. In addition, however, their experidoubt the ability of Negroes to participate fully ence had been that the Negro students who apin our American culture and to meet successfully plied for admission were not well prepared. That the discipline which this culture imposes. There has changed, so that in practically all the leading is an increasing number of white Americans who graduate schools of this country Negroes are to view Negroes as normal human beings. This is be found in increasing numbers, and many of a great step forward in race relationships. them are doing creative work of a high order. These graduate schools now welcome well-pre- Perhaps no educational effort ever yielded pared Negro students. greater results in so short a time than the schools for Negroes which were established in the South Higher education for Negroes was offered forafter the Civil War. In most instances the in- merly only by schools that were supported by the struction was excellent. However, these schools mission boards and philanthropic agencies. This were not always wisely located, and there was is no longer true. There has been a great increase wasteful duplication because of the lack of denom- in state-supported institutions of higher learning inational cooperation. They were never ade- throughout the South. The primary task of these quately financed. There was a lack of libraries institutions has been with the preparation of and laboratory equipment. Yet, as a result of teachers. The academic standards are constantly this effort, it was demonstrated that Negroes are being raised, and as the depression lifts an in- creasing amount of money will be available out

of tax funds for these state institutions of higher education of this great number of white people learning. This is a significant indication of the has been a significant factor in preparing the way growing recognition that Negroes are capable of for better race relations. As education becomes acquiring the tools for full participation in Amer- more pervasive and realistic, tolerance, restraint ican life and culture. and appreciation for Negroes will increase among So much has been written about Negro educa- whites.

tion in the South that those who have not made a One of the most significant things that has hap- detailed study are likely to assume that the edu- pened in the South in the past fifteen years is the cation of the masses-of Negroes is well provided increasing attention which has been given by the for. A visit to one of the better supported Negro colleges to the social sciences. These courses in- colleges may be very misleading to the uninitiated. evitably have taken into consideration the Negro One will find an alert and well-trained faculty and as part of the social structure. In almost every an eager and able student body. Here the best white college in the South today there are courses fruits of Negro life are concentrated-a life not in race relations in which the students are being essentially different in any way from the life on challenged to view the presence of Negroes in the the campuses of other American colleges. Look- population in the same objective way in which ing upon a group of this sort, the uninitiated is they would view any other social phenomena. Of likely to feel that ample provision has been made particular significance is work of this sort which for educational opportunities for Negroes in is being done in the colleges for the training of America. The fact remains, however, that the white teachers. Courses of study calculated to great masses of Negroes in the South are yet of- give these future teachers intelligent and under- fered only the most meager opportunities for edu- standing attitudes regarding Negroes are pro- cation. The tax funds available for all education vided, along with instructions in using the day-by- in the Southern states are lower than the average day experiences in the schoolroom in such a way for the nation. Although the South spends a as to build tolerant attitudes on the part of white larger per cent of its public money on education children. All this means that out of the white than other sections of the country, only a small schools of the South-college and elementary-are proportion of this is spent on the Negro children. coming groups of younger citizens who are open- This results in inadequate buildings, poorly minded, sympathetic and socially intelligent, and trained teachers, and usually no libraries. As who are ready to accept Negroes as human beings dramatic and encouraging as have been the re- with the capacity for contributing to the develop- sults of Negro education,-adequate educational op- ment of civilization and the enrichment of life.

portunities are only beginning to touch the fringes At the moment the greatest difficulty in relating of the Negro communities in the South where the Negroes to the social and economic structure in masses of the Negro population are concentrated. American life is to find adequate opportunity for Improvement in race relations will be possible to the creative ability of these people into whose the extent with which this opportunity for acquir- hands are being put the tools of knowledge. With ing the tools of knowledge is extended to the the exception of the remarkable group of men and masses of Negroes. women of distinction in the various fields of art, The founders of Negro schools in the South the largest opportunities that are open to Negroes after the Civil War seemed to assume that the of education and training are in service to their task was wholly one of educating Negroes. This own people. This means that a great number of was not the case. There were in the South large the most inspiring fields of human endeavor are numbers of white people whose education had closed to Negroes, and that with the exception of been almost as completely negected as that of the fields of art and education Negroes are being the Negroes. At the end of the Civil War there offered very limited opportunities for self-expres- was no system of elementary schools such as had sion. They are demonstrating their capacity for been accepted as a matter of course in most full participation in American life very much American communities. Illiteracy was general more rapidly than opportunities are being offered among the great masses of white people in the for adequate self-expression. Undoubtedly Ne- South. The aftermath of the War was such as to groes are capable of acquiring the tools of Amer- make it impossible to view the educational task ican culture. A hopeful beginning has been made of white and colored in the South as one; conse- in providing opportunities for them to do so.

quently, the idea of white education and Negro Means must and will be provided in American life education developed as separate tasks. Slowly a by which the varied abilities of these Negro Amer- public school system – first largely for whites – icans may be adequately expressed. This is the was established in the South. This is still inade- next step in the improvement of race relations in quate in many sections, but it is growing and the America.

D. JONES-Educator HOWARD THURMAN-Preacher

Some Outstanding Negro Christians -"if By CHANNING H. TOBIAS, New York National Council of the Y. M. C. A.

I T IS difficult to select six outstanding Negro ida Baptist Academy, then located at Jacksonville. Christians from a large number, almost any He was a serious student but showed keen interest one of whom might qualify for such a place. in questions not directly related to his class work. I approach the task as the football coach might, He was the chief promoter of voluntary religious who is about to choose his All-American te~m activities in the Academy and a debater of more from a large number of eligibles. After review- than ordinary ability. Upon completion of his ing records of achievement and other factors, I preparatory course he entered Morehouse College finally chose those that appeal to me personally. "in Atlanta, Georgia, where his work was so out- By Negro Christians we are not limited to pro- standing that he was held over for a year of teachfessional Christian workers but include also ing before he entered the Rochester Theological Christians in various fields of useful service. My Seminary. list, therefore, includes a preacher, an educator, a musician, a scientist, a club woman and a busi- During his three years at Rochester he so disness man. tinguished himself as a speaker that he was in great demand as a chapel and conference preacher Howard Thurman – Preacher in many of the leading colleges of the East and West. As a matter of fact, few men in their stu- Though still under forty years of age, Howard dent days have been as well known and favorably Thurman stands in the front ranks of the preach- received beyond their campuses as Thurman. ersof this generation, regardless of race. I met him first as a boy in his teens attending the Flor- Upon completion of his work at Rochester, he accepted the call of a small church in Oberlin, [295 ]

Ohio, where he combined study at Oberlin College Wesleyan and was graduated in the class of 1911. with his church duties. Soon after going to Ober- He was called to the attention of Dr. John R. Mott, lin he married, but unfortunately Mrs. Thurman then executive secretary of the Student Departfailed in health in the first year of their married' ment of the International Committee of Young life. It became necessary for her to go south, so Men's Christian Associations, and immediately it was decided that she should go to her native upon graduation, was invited to join the staff of town of La Grange, Georgia, and at the same the Student Department as an associate of Wiltime Mr. Thurman accepted a call to become liam A. Hunton, the only Negro member of the preacher for Spelman and Morehouse Colleges of staff. He accepted the call and served as visiting Atlanta. During his first year there Mrs. Thur- secretary to Negro schools and colleges in the man died, leaving a baby daughter. Always of a Southern states. In this connection he was one mystical temper.ament, this sorrow led Mr. Thur- of the organizers of the Kings Mountain Student man into more complete fellowship with his Lord, Conference which has for all the years since renand resulted in his getting a leave of absence to dered the same type of service for Negro students spend part of a year in meditation and study with as has been rendered for students in general by Rufus Jones, the great mystic of Haverford. En- the Northfield and Lake Geneva conferences. riched by this experience, but desirous of still more quiet and meditation he went to Scotland the After three years as a student secretary, Mr. following summer, and there combined study and J ones was called to the secretaryship of the Colpreaching with his meditations. On returning to ored Men's Branch of the Young Men's Christian America he resumed his work at Atlanta for an- Association of St. Louis, Missouri, where he other year and then accepted a call to the School erected a $300,000 building and built up a large of Religion at Howard University of Washington, membership and community following. After ten D. C. This position he still holds. Soon after he constructive years at St. Louis, he entered busiwas married to Miss Sue Bailey, a secretary of ness for a brief period and later served for a year the National Board of the Y. W. C. A. as field secretary of the Commission on Interracial Cooperation with headquarters at Atlanta, At the invitation of the Student Christian Georgia. Movements of North America and India, Mr. and Mrs. Thurman for the past i+ve months have been There was need for a first-class college for engaged in an evangelistic tour of the college cen- Negro women in that section of the South and ters of India. Enthusiastic comments on the ex- in 1926 Mr. Jones was invited to reorganize Bentraordinary services rendered on this mission nett College, which had existed for more than have come not only from Indian leaders but from thirty years as a small coeducational institution Dr. Stanley Jones and other well-known mis- under the Freedmen's Aid Society of the Methsionaries. odist Episcopal Church. With the assistance of Dean Holgate, of Northwestern University, as The Federal Council of Churches of Christ in adviser, he set to work with a handful of students. America has extended an invitation to Mr. Thur- At the end of ten years, what do we find? A beauman to join the National Preaching Mission that tiful campus with ten buildings to serve the acawill tour the principal cities of the United States demic and dormitory needs of nearly three hunnext autumn. dred college students; a faculty of highly trained Christian men and women; an "A" classification David Dallas Jones – Educator granted by the accrediting board of the Southern Association of Colleges; community good will for Although Bennett College for Women of the college expressed by white and black alike; Greensboro, N. C., over which David D. Jones enthusiastic support by the sponsoring church presides, is only ten years old, the place that it boards; the gift of three buildings by two dehas achieved in that time shows that he merits voted Christians – Mr. and Mrs. Henry Pfieffer, a place in the vanguard of Christian educators. proprietors of the Hudnut Perfumery Company of New York, and substantial operating aid from Born of humble Christian parents in Greens- the great educational foundations. Closely assoboro, N. C., forty-eight years ago, Mr. Jones re- ciated with President Jones in this remarkable ceived his early training in his home town and accomplishment has been his efficient wife, Mrs. in New Orleans, Louisiana, where later he lived Susie Williams Jones, a graduate of the Univerwith his older brother, editor of the Southwestern sity of Cincinnati. During these busy years, Christian Advocate and afterwards bishop of the President Jones found time also to pursue grad- Methodist Episcopal Church. Young Jones did uate studies at Columbia University where he resuch creditable work in high school at New ceived his A.M. degree in 1930. He is a member Orleans that his brother helped him to go on to of the Wesleyan University chapter of Phi Beta Wesleyan University, at Middletown, Connecticut, Kappa. to pursue his studies. He worked his way through

SOME OUTSTANDING NEGRO CHRISTIANS

HARRY T. BURLE'IGH teacher's orchestral compositions. The melody of these Spirituals made such a deep impression Harry T. Burleigh – Musician upon Dvorak that he wove them into what has be- come his most popular composition, "The New In commenting on the life of Burleigh, one World Symphony." writer has said, "If Harry Burleigh's musical gift had been less genuine it might have been smoth- After completing four years' work at the Conered by the difficulties of his life, for this com- servatory, Burleigh's great moment came, in poser-to-be was born and reared in deep poverty, 1894, when the position of baritone soloist became with the added handicap of Negro blood." vacant in St. George's Episcopal Church in New York – one of the largest churches in the city. Born in Erie, Pa., seventy years ago of poor Mr. Burleigh was the only Negro among the sixty parents, his early youth was spent in sandwiching applicants, but he had the voice desired and Dr. in a public school education between selling news- Rainsford, the rector, and the vestrymen did not papers, running errands and working at odd jobs allow the color of his skin to prevent him from to help his mother care for a family of five chil- serving. He has remained a member of this choir dren after the early death of his father. His for forty-two years. For over thirty years of school-teacher discovered in him a passionate love this period, he sang also at Temple Emanuel, one for music and encouraged his mother to let him of the largest and most influential synagogues in hear the performances of great artists who visited the nation. On one of Burleigh's several Eurothe city from time to time. Among those artists pean tours he sang for King Edward VII, and were Madam Carreno and Mrs. MacDowell. Soon the heads of other European governments. He he began to sing in church choirs on Sunday and has composed music for more than two hundred in Jewish synagogues on Saturdays. At the age songs and has written scores for a volume of of twenty he studied stenography and worked as Negro Spirituals. In spite of this, he modestly a stenographer until he was twenty-six years of insists that he is not a composer, yet when one age: When he heard that the National Conserva- thinks of his popular arrangement of "Deep tory of Music in New York City had offered River," his "Little Mother of Mine" which is the scholarships, he at once determined to try for one. song most in use on Mother's Day, his popular He went to New York and was given an audition ballad "Jean," and his "Ethiopia Salutes the and awarded a scholarship. Dvorak, the noted Colors"-a setting of Walt Whitman's poem, we composer, then director of the Conservatory, be- are compelled to insist that he is not only a comcame so much impressed by the young Negro that poser but a distinguished one. he gave him considerable time outside of class hours. Burleigh played and sang for Dvorak the George Washington Carver – Scientist Negro Spirituals and also copied many of his George Washington Carver was born about sixty-nine years ago of slave parents on the Mis- souri farm of Moses Carver. His earliest recol- lections were the death of his father and the steal- ing of himself and his mother by a band of raiders in the last year of the Civil War. Moses Carver gave a race horse valued at three hundred dollars to redeem young George and had him returned to the Missouri farm where he was reared.

His early training consisted of the mastery of the famous old blue-backed speller. Lodging in the cabins of friendly Negroes, sleeping in open fields or in a hospitable stable, he continued his studies for a year, keeping ever close to the soil. The wanderlust seized him early, and he set out toward Kansas, "the home of the free." For nine years he worked as a domestic servant at Fort Scott, studying day and night as his employment permitted. His next move was to Minneapolis, Kansas, where he finished a high school course, and entered Iowa State College. He met his school expenses by managing a laundry. On completing the work for his Bachelor's and Master's degrees, he was made a member of the faculty in charge of

Mary McLeod Bethune – Educator Mary McLeod Bethune was one of a family of seventeen children, born of slave parents in an humble cabin on a rice and cotton farm near Mayesville, S. C. When she was about eleven years old a little school was opened near Mayes- ville by the Board of Missions of the Presbyterian Church and Mary was among. the first children who walked the four miles to school and back.

Her mother said, "We had to make some of· the children go but it seems that Mary, little as she was, understood what it all meant." In a few years the little school had done its best for Mary, and one day Miss Wilson, her beloved teacher, told her that Miss Mary Crissman, a dressmaker in Denver, Colo., wanted to pay for a little girl's schooling at Scotia Seminary, in Concord, N. C., Mary was chosen to go and in the autumn she bade good-bye to old friends and took her first railroad journey to Scotia Seminary. Here she was awkward and shy at first, but met every slight and every criticism with unfailing good humor and soon won the hearts of both teachers and stu- dents. At the close of her work at Scotia Sem- inary she received a scholarship which enabled her to continue her studies at the Moody Bible In- stitute, Chicago. At the end of two years at this GEORGE WASHINGTON CARVER institution, she hoped to fulfill a long cherished desire to go to Africa as a missionary, but learned the Green House, the Bacteriological Laboratory and the Department of Systematic Botany. Soon he was discovered by Booker T. Washington who called him to his lifework at Tuskegee Institute, where he still labors.

During his long stay at Tuskegee, he has had tempting offers, one of them from Thomas A.

Edison, but he has promptly turned them all down because of his desire to cooperate in the training of his own people. He has been honored by elec- tion to membership! in the Royal Society of Lon- don, and to this day does not know who suggested his name. He has discovered hundreds of uses for potatoes, peanuts and pecans, freely giving his formulas to the public without attempting to commercialize his findings. He is in demand as a lecturer on the platforms of white as well as Negro colleges of the South and has appeared be- fore committees of Congress in the interest of the agricultural development of the South and in the interests of his own people. In spite of all the honors that have come to him Prof. Carver is a devout, humble Christian and attributes his scien- tific success to his close communion with God. He is fond of quoting the passage, "I will lift up mine eyes unto the hills from whence cometh my help.

My help cometh from the Lord who made heaven and earth." MARY McLEOD BETHUNE

that all the colored stations in Africa were filled. At an early age, however, he sought relief from She was therefore appointed a teacher at the the daily routine of farm life and joined his uncle, Lucy Laney School in Augusta, Georgia, and there a practicing physician, in Durham, N. C. His she labored faithfully for a year or two by the first job there was a dishwasher in the Durside of Lucy Laney, a great Negro teacher who ham Hotel, for ten dollars a month. He was soon had a profound influence on the shaping of Mrs. promoted to head bell boy and then side waiter, Bethune's life. but found that he could not attend school while holding these jobs, and took a position as cook for Her great pioneer venture took place at Day- a distinguished judge whom he served for two tona, Florida, where in October, 1904, she began years while going to school. Upon graduation a small institution for Negro girls. Five little from the graded school he accepted a job as mangirls responded to the first call of her school bell ager of a grocery company into which twenty-five in a cabin room of what was Mterwards to become of Durham's leading colored citizens had put ten the Daytona Educational and Industrial Training School. The opening exercises consisted of the CHARLES CLINTON SPAULDING reading of the Twenty-third Psalm, the singing of the old hymn, "Leaning on" the Everlasting Arm," dollars each. When the company got into finanand a fervent prayer to God for help and guid- cial straits the other members withdrew their inance. On that same site today stands Bethune- vestment, and Spaulding was left with bare Cookman College, with thirty-two acres of land, shelves and three hundred dollars indebtedness. fourteen buildings and a plant estimated conserv- It took him five years to work out of this situaatively at $800,000. tion. Just at that time his uncle and another friend decided to make an effort to launch an in- The personality of Mary McLeod Bethune was surance company and Spaulding was called in to too dynamic to be confined to a single college help. With such funds as they could spare he campus and soon she was in demand as a speaker launched the company, serving as office boy, janion many platforms of her own race and of the tor and manager. He sold all of the policies, colwhite group. Now she is regarded as one of the lected all of the premiums and kept all the records. most attractive speakers in America regardless Out of his first travels over the state grew the of sex or race. I have heard her at Carnegie structure of the North Carolina Mutual Insurance Hall, along with Rabbi Wise and other distin- Company, founded in 1898. guished speakers, and on another occasion on the same program with Carrie Chapman Catt, and This company has weathered the depression always she has impressed her audience not only with the force of her eloquence but the sincerity of her spirit.

She was the leading spirit in establishing a home for delinquent Colored girls in Ocala, Florida. She has served as president of the Southeastern Federation of Women's Clubs and as president of the National Association of Colored Women. Recently she was made a member of the National Advisory Committee of the National Youth Administration, and a year ago she was given the Spingarn Medal, which is the highest distinction a Negro can claim.

Charles Clinton Spaulding – Business Man Born on a small North Carolina farm, Charles Clinton Spaulding manages today the largest insurance company operated by members of the Negro race. The company maintains an agency force in eight states and has headquarters in a $250,000 modern, seven-story office building in Durham, N. C. Last year it paid policyholders a total of $1,440,965, and the total insurance now in force amounts to $36,683,621.

As soon as Spaulding was able to do a day's work in the field he was sent out with the other boys of the family to take his turn at the plow.

and stands today as the leading Negro business Church of Durham; he also serves as a member concern in America. A loan of approximately of the Board of Trustees of Shaw University, Ral- $300,000, secured less than three years ago from eigh, N. C., and of Howard University, Washingthe'Reconstruction Finance Corporation, has been ton, D. C., and is a member of the Executive Compaid back in its entirety-which is somewhat un- mittee of the National Negro Business League. usual in these difficult times. He is deeply interested in helping to lift the masses of his people to a higher plane of living, In spite of the heavy responsibilities resting and is known for his cooperation with white and upon Mr. Spaulding' as president of the North colored people in efforts at better interracial Carolina Mutual Insurance Company, he finds understanding. time to give service to the White Rock Baptist THE NATIONAL NEGRO ANTHEM Hymn Composed by James Weldon Johnson; Set to Music by His Brother Lift every voice and sing Till earth and heaven ring, Ring with the harmonies of Liberty; Let our rejoicing rise High as the list'ning skies, Let it resound loud as the rolling sea; Sing a song full of the faith that the dark past has taught us, Sing a song full of the hope that the present has brought us; Facing the rising sun Of our new day begun, Let us march on till victory is won.

Stony the road we trod, Bitter the chast'ning rod F1elt in the days when hope unborn had died; Yet with a steady beat, Have not our weary feet Come to the place for which our fathers sighed? We have come over a way that with tears has been watered, We have come, treading our path thro' the blood of the slaughtered, Out from the gloomy past, Till now we stand at last Where the white gleam of our bright star is cast.

God of our weary years, God of our silent tears, Thou who hast brought us thus far on the way; Thou who hast by Thy might, Led us into the light, Keep us forever in the path, we pray, Lest our feet stray from the places, our God; where we met Thee, Lest, our hearts drunk with the wine of the world, we forget Thee; Shadowed beneath Thy hand, May we forever stand, True to our God, true to our Native Land.

Great Need· of the Negro

The Training of Christian Leaders By DEAN C. L. HILL, Atlanta, Georgia Turner Theological Seminary, Morris Brown College PERHAPS the greatest need of the Negro mi- ing consciousness of the worth of training on the nority group in America today is a trained part of the Negro masses, when he sees the in- Christian leadership. Nor is this a mere creasing numbers of boys and girls who yearly sweeping generalization. There are many press- are streaming forth from the halls of the institu- ing problems confronting the black man in Amer- tions of learning all over the length and breadth ica. There are the maladjustments of a social of America? Certainly there is a demand for set-up which is, in many respects, anti-Christian. trained and effective Christian leadership among There is the cruel and bloodless economic scheme Negroes today.

which, especially in the Southern states, has re- This call to Christian leadership means a call to solved the life of the black man into a program preparation. It presupposes the possession of in- of bald economics and a concomitant tendency to tellectual and scientific culture. The Christian regard the life he lives as merely synonymous leader is in no small measure an interpreter of with vegetation. In other words, the popular the age in which he lives. He is a sort of "specphilosophy of life among a vast majority of black tator of all time and existence." He deals prifolk is that expressed by Feuerbach: Mann ist marily with the spirit of the times. He must was er isst-"man is what he eats"-, and the therefore be conversant with the thought and Negro in the terrific struggle for mere biological tendencies of the age.

existence is determined to vegetate at any cost. Moreover, each age has its peculiar challenges This attitude is largely the result of the poor to culture, and in order to meet these challenges, wages earned by Negro laborers and also the dis- the Christian leader must be thoroughly trained crimination that has attended many of the eco- and prepared. There are, too, those periodic nomic programs affecting the populace within the thrusts of unbelief aimed against the bulwark of last five years, particularly in the Southland. Fi- the Church and ordered society, seeking to disnally, there is the problem touching the political rupt the very foundations of the Church and activity of the black man: mobocracy, mock jus- gnawing at the viscera of civilization. In order tice in the courtrooms, and a general denial of to stem the tide of the atheistic, cynical, anti- the inalienable rights of all men, theoretically Christian and anti-American waves of thought, guaranteed by the Constitution of the United the Christian, and leader must be "fitted unto States of America. every good work."

But none of these, I believe, constitute the most The very nature of Christianity presupposes preeminent, the most imperative, the most urgent trained leadership. Our faith is not a religion of problem before which the Negro of today stands. forms and imaginations. It is not something His greatest need is for trained and capable Chris- spun out of the vagaries of human speculation.

tian leaders; a leadership that understands his It is a revelation of essential, absolute truth; of plight, that sympathizes with him, and possesses historic, rational and moral truth. It has to do sufficient clarity of vision to point the way out with life and reality, not with appearance. In of his dilemma, on the basis of the Christian order to seize upon the central germ of Christian world-view. truth, life and reality, the Christian leader must Another factor that demands a trained Chris- be trained in the rudiments and fundamental principles of historic Christianity. tian leadership is perhaps the most elemental of all : the growing consciousness of the need and Show me a Christian leader with wide culture; worth of education on the part of the masses of a man who is at home in philosophy, and whose black folk. A trained following certainly demands friends are the poets; a man who bristles with a trained leadership. To educate the laity and to knowledge and information, and I will show you neglect the clergy is not only folly, but is a great a powerful and dynamic incentive to his feH<?wtragedy. And who will deny that there is a grow- men.

[301 ]

There is a very definite and widespread de- two are under the supervision of the M. E. Church mand for trained Christian leaders among Ne- (White), while Morris Brown College is solely groes. There is a growing need for efficient and under the auspices of the African Methodist Epis- capable Negro leadership. The next question nat- copal Church of Georgia.

urally follows: What are we doing to satisfy this These institutions work under an affiliated re- need? lationship. Gammon Seminary is devoted entirely All over America institutions of learning have to the training of Christian leaders, pastors and been established by and for Negroes. Especially mIsSIOnaries. The other colleges confine them- numerous are these institutions in the South selves solely to educational curricula as such, with where there is no mixed education among the the exception of Morris Brown and Morehouse, races. Therefore, almost every southern state both of which operate theological seminaries in has its own colleges and seminaries for the reli- connection with the regular college work.

gious and educational training of Negro leader- Each summer there is held an Interdenom- ship. inational Ministers' Institute, whose faculty is The various Christian denominations are rep- drawn from Gammon, Turner Theological Semresented in this great enterprise. Schools have inary of Morris Brown College, and the Morebeen founded by the following branches of Chris- house Divinity School. The Institute is run for a tianity: Episcopal, Lutheran, Congregational, period of four weeks, and attracts students from Baptist (white and colored),· Presbyterian, Ro- all the southern states. The enrolment has man Catholic, M. E. Church (North and South), reached as high as seventy-five young men and C. M. E. Church, A. M. E. Church, A. M. E. Zion women, who are otherwise engaged during the winter terms and consequently cannot attend a Church, and the Holiness Church. seminary, but who take advantage of the summer Toward Mutual Understanding Institute, to better prepare themselves for ·Chris- Northern philanthrophy has been especially ac- tian leadership. tive in the furthering of Negro education in the Of all these noble experiments, the most strik- South. Nor have the more enlightened and Chris- ing is that of Morris Brown College. For over tian whites of the South held themselves aloof fifty years this college has been engaged in prefrom this enterprise. Many have thrown off the paring men and women for leadership in the shackles of color prejudice, have risen above the Christian world. Its many struggles and vicissiartificial walls that have for so long separated the tudes and its unfaltering faith in the ability of blacks from the whites, have torn down the middle the Negro to do something for himself, have walls of partition, and have dared to cross the earned for it the name: "The noblest of noble boundary lines separating their Palestine from experiments"; for it is the total embodiment of our Tyre and Sidon, indeed have crossed the the real philosophy of the black man in America borders with Jesus of Nazareth and have minis- -self-respect, self-help and initiative.

tered to the needs of an underprivileged minority Thus both whites and blacks are combining group. For all of this we are deeply thankful. their efforts and centering them upon the train- We regard this as a great step toward mutual ing of Negroes for Christian leadership. We understanding, and a contribution toward the cannot here enumerate and discuss the many in- solution of the problem between the races in stitutions doing constructive work along the line America, which after all, must be fought out with of Negro education. Suffice it to say that the peaceful means on southern soil. Negro is beautifully cooperating with all outside But knowing, as I do, the struggles and heart- forces that are seeking to ameliorate his condiaches and heroic deeds of a people attempting to tion.

do something for themselves, I am inclined to be- What now is the philosophy for the education lieve that the most noble experiments in the train- of the Negro underlying Christian leadership?

ing of Negro leadership are those being tried by What principles are being inculcated in the hearts institutions owned, operated and controlled solely and minds of N~gro youth? There are several.

by Negroes for Negroes. The first aspect of this philosophy of Christian The center of Negro higher education in the education may be described by the words of Dr.

south is the city of Atlanta, Georgia. Here are Emil Brunner in his famous book, "The Media- to be found the following institutions: The At- tor": "The problem of Crisis, which is the prob- lanta University, Spelman College, Morehouse lem of God." Negro Christian education is College, Morris Brown College, Clark University, throughout fundamentally theistic. This consti- and Gammon Seminary. Of these colleges, the tutes the very ground-plan of its system. We first three are and have been backed by educa- teach that there is and there can be no truth tional funds and the Baptist Church. The last which is not founded on the immutable will and

THE GREAT NEED OF THE NEGRO TODAY

character of God. He is the source of all truth, fore, our Ne'gro Christian leaders must inveigh heavily against our common enemy, sin. all reality, all certainty. And a world without The last fundamental aspect of Negro Christian God is a world in which riddle and enigma reign education is the idea of the Kingdom of God. If the Creator-God is a universal Father, if all men supreme. possess personalities or souls dear to this Creator- God, and if confusion and misunderstanding have Nor does Negro Christian education teach a risen out of "sin," then the logical conclusion is the need for some ideal quantity, in which all men God of mere intellectual faith. We seek not the can participate in a fuller life and freer light. Aside from the general characteristics given to God of science or philosophy. We seek the God the "Kingdom-concept" found in the Gospel tradi- tions of Jesus, by the various New Testament of human experience. And this God we find in scholars, such as esthatological, apocalyptic, char- ismatic, spiritual and futuristic aspects, Negro Jesus of Nazareth. We teach the God on whom Christian education assumes the attitude that if the Kingdom of God means anything, it means Paschal called in a moment of spiritual weakness: brotherhood. The Kingdom is a spiritual world, in which all men are brothers in Jesus Christ, "Not the God of the philosopher or of the scien- sons of one common Father; and if solutions for our human problems are to come, they must tist. But the God of Abraham, Isaac and Jacob." emanate from this Kingdom of God controlled and enlightened consciences. We personally be- A firm belief in a good, righteous, just and merci- lieve that a "Christian World" is a misnomer, a dream, a fancy, a phantom. The world has never ful God who, in the language of Jesus is "Our been Christian, is not now, nor ever shall be. But we believe in a "world of Christianity," and this Father," is the fundamental aspect of Negro for us, is the Kingdom of God. Wherever there are Christian endeavors, Christian ambitions, Chris- Christian education. tian literature, Christian sermons, Christian schools and colleges, there may be found the Another aspect ot' Negro education is the belief "world of Christianity" and consequently, the Kingdom in which all men ought to cooperate with in the dignity and worth of human personality. God for the common good.

This good and righteous God, this Creator-God, Coming to the Light regards all human beings as equally precious in What are the results of Negro Christian educa- tion? Since its incipiency the Christian Church His sight. He is no respecter of persons. All are has been, in a large measure, the torchbearer of civilization. Having received its light from the potential sons of God. Here there is no color line. "central sun of righteousness, Jesus Christ," it has passed this torch on to others. Wherever the Here there are no distinctions based on creed, flag of Emanuel has been planted, there the scin- tillating hues have penetrated the murky darkness color, conditions of servitude. The good Shepherd of ignorance and people, who aforetime sat in darkness, have seen a great light. The majority jeopardizes His own life to save one sheep, even of schools, colleges and universities, were founded by Christian scholars, or in a Christian atmosthough that sheep be black. We teach that no phere. The Church has blazed a trail of light and culture; has dug through the rubbish and debris man is so intrinsically evil that he cannot become of ignorance, and has set up eternal monuments to its genius in co}.leges and seminaries, monuacceptable to God. The universality of redemp- ments that shall never die.

tion covers all, even black men. And a black man From the halls of those educational institutions, founded and operated by the Christian Church for redeemed by the blood of Jesus Christ is not just the training of Negro leadership, there files a long procession of sable sons and daughters who, fired another black man, but he is a personality pre- by the inspiration received behind the walls of these sacred institutions, go forth into the world cious to the heart of God, purchased from the slav- ery of sin and become a sheep of the fold. – The Negro Sense of Sin A third aspect of Negro education is the deepseated consciousness of the heinousness of sin. Here there must be no palliation. No definition of sin is satisfactory that overlooks its positive evil. Sin is not the mere maladjustment of sociology; nor the pathological mystery of medical science; nor the "not yet" of biological evolution; nor the "abnormal workings of human reason and a spontaneous declension from the moral law" (with Kant); nor the traversing of the Divine consciousness by the individual consciousness, creative of remorse (with Schleiermacher) . Sin is satanic rebellion, a plague, a sickness, a disease, a bite, a sting, a leprosy, a load of curses and calamities, everything that all good men hate; it is death itself. From it spring war, confusion, greed, lust, hypocrisy. In short, it is the death of the soul. It can oniy be overcome by that exterminating change called regeneration. We teach that from sin arise all the social evils of society-the war between capital and labor, racial antipathies, war, social injustice, political injustice, and everything ungodly. There-

to make their contribution to the religious, politi- sented by the systems now in vogue in Russia and cal and social orders of mankind. Germany, the revival of Renascence Humanism garbed in a new dress, with its deification of hu- The most lasting result of the training of Ne- man nature and its banishment of God from the groes for Christian leadership, is the decidedly throne; in a word, this procession of modern Christian world-view that is instilled in them. gods, forged in the furnace of present-day There never has been a period in human history thought, demands a Christian leadership that poswhen so many challenges have been hurled simul- sesses keen insight, a healthy optimism, an intaneously at the Church and religion in general, domitable will, and a sufficient motive power for as the present. This is an age of criticism and the solution of these problems. This is the genius inquiry, and the very substance of religion is be- of Negro Christian eduoation, that it provides ing seriously questioned. such weapons as these, with which Negro youth can engage iIi battle with the subversive currents Moreover, the degenerating influences of west- of modern thinking, and therefore can "wage a ern civilization upon the more backward peoples, good warfare, holding faith and a good conthe rise and growth of nationalism, the passion science." for innovations created by industrialism, the appearance of godless political theories as repre- Daniel Payne: Christian Educator By JOSEPHUS R. eOAN, Atlanta, Georgia Professor of Old Testament Theology and Religious Education, MOTTis Brown College THE African Methodist Episcopal Church, sailed for New York where he came in touch with with a membership of 600,000, operates eigh- the Society of Inquiry on Missions and was offered teen colleges and secondary schools and a scholarship to Gettysburg Seminary. After two twelve seminaries. For seventy-three years this years ill health forced him to leave Gettysburg policy of Christian education has contributed in and so ended his formal training. no small way to the education and Christianization of the Negro race. She has trained lay and The third period began with his first pastoral ministerial leaders and has instilled within her charge over a Presbyterian church in Troy, New constituency the ideal of self-help. York. His second charge was Israel A. M. E. church, Washington, D. C., and his third was What was .the genesis of this influential work? Bethel A. M. E. church, Baltimore. How did the African Methodist Episcopal Church begin her program of Christian education? The The fourth period includes his experiences for answer centers around the life and works of fifty-three years as a bishop, in which office he Bishop Daniel Alexander Payne, a man of self- was one of the most commanding figures in the sacrificing spirit and untiring labors. A. M. E. Church. He served all of the episcopal districts organized at that time and profoundly The life of Bishop Payne may be divided into influenced many lives. He brought the A. M. E. four periods. First, his early life and youth Church and its ministry to a position of power (1811-1835) began on February 24, 1811, in the and became an able university administrator. city of Charleston, South Carolina, where Payne was born of free parents. At seven he had In the church where Bishop Payne labored for neither father nor mother, and was cared for by fifty-three years, he is known as the "Apostle of an aunt and some members of the Brown Fellow- Christian Education." His fundamental problem ship Society, a social and benevolent organization was the elimination of the evil of race conflict in among the free Colored people of Charleston. The America and the building up of a social order Minor Moralist Society, another benevolent enter- based upon the principles of Jesus Christ. Moved prise, operated a school which the boy attended by the "calamitous fact" that his people were "enfor two years. To support himself at the age of tombed in ignorance and oppression," he labored twelve, he secured a job as apprentice to a car- for their enlightenment. His ultimate goal bepenter. Following his conversion at eighteen he came thatof a gradual change from injustice and organized a school which he conducted for five oppression. to one of justice, fellowship and recyears. onciliation. He was deeply concerned with "God's purpose for the redemption of the world," The second period includes his student days at and "transforming the dark earth into the Holy Gettysburg Seminary. Immediately after the un- City." fortunate close of his school in Charleston, Payne He became interested in educational and evan-

DANIEL PAYNE: CHRISTIAN EDUCATOR

gelistic work as a result of his conversion. The Payne's decision to join the A. M. E. Church in outcome was his consciousness of the Divine call 1841 was tremendously significant for the educato be an educator to his people. He wrote: tional policy of the church. Prior to this there is only one recorded instance of definite action re- Several weeks after this event, between twelve and one garding the educational program of the denomo'c;ock one day, I was in my humble chamber pouring out ination, but one year after Payne's affiliation with my prayers to the l.istening ears of my Saviour, when I this church he organized the "Theological Assofelt as if the hands of a man were pressing my two ciation," the object of which was "cultivating bibshoulders, and a voice speaking within my soul saying: lical knowledge and the collateral sciences." "I have set thee apart to educate thyself that thou mayest be an educator to thy people." Later he wrote a series of articles on the "Edu- This summons became his dominant purpose cation of the Ministry," which brought forth a throughout his life, in spite of repeated and severe shocks. storm of criticism. He went to the General Con- ference of 1844, and offered a resolution which The first attempt to realize his purpose was brought into existence the course of studies for experiments with a school opened in Charleston A. M. E. ministers who, at that time, were ignowhen he was only 18 years of age. During this rant and discredited. He then instigated a Genperiod he came up against situations which called eral Convention of the church to launch educafor the exercise of the strongest moral stamina tional work for the denomination. This helped to and religious dynamic. The first barrier was his mould the development of her educational policies. limited education which at that time consisted of only two years of formal training. This difficulty Bishop Payne's educational influence was most was overcome by securing books and mastering far-reaching through his work for Wilberforce their contents sufficiently to put new courses into University. This was founded in 1856 at Tawawa his curdculum. The story of his laborious studies Springs (Sweet Water) where there was an elereads like a novel. mentary school under the auspices of the Meth- odist Episcopal Church. In 1863 the trustees, fac- The lack of building and equipment and support ing bankruptcy were forced to sell the institution, formed another obstacle. The first year Payne and the trustees offered it to Bishop Payne for received only $3.00 per month for teaching. Had the A. M. E. Church for $10,000. Payne asked not a slave woman given him food occasionally, time to consult the members of his conferences he might have starved. But the great hindrance but the trustees demanded "now or never." As to his educational efforts was the South Carolina an act of faith he took the responsibility upon law of 1834 which prohibited the teaching of all himself saying, "In the name of God I purchase Negroes, either free or slave. It terminated for Wilberforce for the A. M. E. Church." The inat least one generation Payne's educational worK stitution was reorganized into a university with in the South. seven departments, Bishop Payne becoming the first president (1863 to 1876). This was the first Early in 1840, following his resignation from Negro university in the world. More than that his church in Troy, Payne founded an elementary he gave to the Negro race the philosophy of "selfschool in' Philadelphia. The school became in- help, self-initiative and self-confidence," for creasingly popular until the spring of the year which Wilberforce University, at Xenia, Ohio, 1843, when Bishop Morris Brown appointed stands as a unique symbol. Payne pastor of Israel A. M. E. church in Washington.

American Negro Churches, Membership and Contributions Taken from the 1926 Census as Reported in "Negroes in the United States"

Negro Negro Improvements Missions and and Denominations Churches Members EJ<penses Benevolences Adventist Bodies (2) ………. . 99 5,297 $94,550 $167,665 3,254,035 16,284,320 2,469,184 Baptist Bodies (4) ………. .. 23,173 7,312 38,267 7,038 Christian Church ……….•..• 68 30,263 394,773 90,384 16,000 295,446 20,388 Church of God in Christ ……. . 733 37,325 239,279 33,125 Congregational Church …….. . 155 5,997 62,632 7,191 Disciples of Christ ………… . 487 545,814 6,205,632 1,257,397 Lutheran Bodies (2) ………. . 456,813 4,091,023 70 202,713 1,934,540 662,993 African Methodist Episcopal 350,879 3,506,114 417,038 6,708 1,127,320 606,238 53,294 176,043 African M. E. Zion ………… . 2,466 51,502 438,912 124,324 913,914 87,826 Colored Methodist Episcopal … . 2,518 1,594 89,731 59,235 8,314 Other Methodist Bodies (6) … . 3,934 215,065 1,879 58,785 Presbyterian Bodies (4) ……. . 724 Protestant Episcopal ………. . 287 Roman Catholic Church ……. . 147 Spiritualist Bodies (3) …….. . 26 All other Church Bodies (26) .. . 1,040 Total all Denominations •..• 42,585 5,203,487 $35,749,951 $6,152,905

Youth and the

-.1 By MARTIN L. HARVEY, Hempstead, New York Director of Christian Education of Y outh, A. M. E. Zion Church,. President of the Christian Youth Council of North America "THE Church is an outworn institution, it vancement of the race, and can make many val- has had its day." So said a young man uable contributions to their own lives. recently. Undoubtedly this statement represents a Young people must be helped to understand that slightly extreme view, but it is indicative of the the Church was the first institution owned and trend of thinking in the minds of a large group controlled by the members of the Negro race in of young people. Although many would not ex- America. That even during the dark days of press this opinion so strongly, their indifference slavery, it was the one training ground for leadtoward the church, and their lack of interest in ership. Many of the great leaders of the race its activities speak more loudly than mere words. not only received their inspiration, but acquired their training from some backwoods church. Why is this attitude held by many young Negroes, more or less closely associated with the The Christian Church has also inspired many church? who have made their mark and rendered valuable service in other fields, particularly music. Many First: In far too many cases the minister of of the great Negro musicians received their intheir church has had no more, and oftentimes has spiration and start from some church group had less education than many of his young people. which believed in them and gave them an oppor- The results are obvious; his ideas are often in tunity to exercise their latent abilities. conflict with those taught in the public schools. There are other contributions that the Church Since this institution has better-trained teachers, can and must make to the lives of young people and since more time is given to secular than to today. religious education, the minister usually comes First: The Church as an institution can give out second best. a meaningful interpretation to life. Young peo- Second: The work and program of the major- pIe are living in a world of cynicism and despair; ity of churches are planned for the benefit of the a world in which, as one cynic expressed it, "life adult members of the congregation, with little is just a contest between jackals and jackasses; thought given to the needs of young people. The a world which says that life is only a period besermons are usually prepared for those who want tween creation and annihilation; a world which an assurance of comfort, if not here, then in a functions on the creed that the purpose of life is place beyond the skies. The week-day activities the acquisition of as much earthly possessions as are often archaic, and too frequently are largely possible in as short a time as possible, regardless for the purpose of raising money. The old emo- of the methods. tional forms of religion have little appeal for most young people today. Words and phrases which In such a world the Church must offer a differthrilled their fathers and forefathers strike no ent interpretation of life. It must say that responsive chord in the hearts of their children. abundant living comes from God and is achieved by losing oneself in the service of others. The Third: The tasks assigned to young people, in Church must teach that life is a glorious adventhe majority of cases, are not commensurate with ture stretching into eternity, and that the purtheir abilities. In many churches the only re- pose of life is not to get, but to give. Moreover sponsibilities given to young people are passing the Church must insist that men can overcome the collection plates, or ushering dear old saints their difficulties, and that no matter how discourto pews. Youth demands tasks which are deemed aging the present situation may be, truth, .goodimportant, and which offer a creative challenge ness, and righteousness will ultimately triumph. to their abilities. Such a message is certainly needed by young We must help young people who possess these people today. They find themselves in a world points of view to understand that, although there where hatreds of class and nation and race divide is some validity in the position they take, the men; where young people are denied the chance Church has made many contributions to the ad- to prepare for a life work. If they do so prepare [306 ] themselves they too often find themselves in the relationships with others whom they do not see.

long lines of the unemployed, unable to marry, They must be guided beyond the merely tradi- build homes, and rear children, because they have tional missionary emphasis, a,nd must become con- not sufficient economic security. cerned about all with whom they have indirect In the light of all these conditions, the Church relationships. They must become interested in must offer a meaningful interpretation to youth, the physical and spiritual conditions of the work- insisting tha,t difficulties be viewed in their proper ers who cultivate the food they eat, who manu- perspective; there must be a creative challenge facture the clothing they wear, and who contribute of faith, such as that which inspired Abraham of in other ways to their welfare.

old, who "went out not knowing whither he went." Such a task is challenging. Young people are Second: The Church must insist that individ- not lost to the Church. They are viewing the uals are of supreme worth. The world today Church with hopeful as well as critical eyes. A makes human personality the cheapest commodity few who are looking beyond the Negro Church, on the market. It is sacrificed to efficiency, to are rather skeptical of the sincerity of organized profits, to national glory, and to the selfish ambi- Christianity in general, when it tacitly condones racial discrimination and is complacent in the face tions of national leaders. The leaders in Church must seize every oppor- of social injustice. But they are hopeful that the tunity to emphasize the supreme worth of every situation will be improved. They want the Church individual. Capital punishment, mob rule result- to work with them rather than for them. ing in lynchings, labor disturbances,are violations Their optimism and faith will be justified if the of human brotherhood, and such incidents must Church is willing to evaluate its program in the be used, like a lighthouse in the midst of a raging light of the present-day needs of young people; sea, to point out that personality is worth more if it will look forward as well as backward; above than anything else in the world, and that its values all, if it will develop trained leadership adequate must be conserved. In many cases the Church to present-day demands and consecrated to the must look at itself, and clean its own house, mak- tasks of tomorrow. ing sure that all its employees from the minister In an increasing number of churches there are to the janitor are treated in the light of this ideal encouraging signs-young people are hopeful that these will increase. The greatest challenge to the of human brotherhood. Third: The Church must offer young people Church today is the enlistment of its youth in the adequate experiences for group worship. Of Kingdom-building enterprise.

course there are those who insist that they can worship adequately by themselves, and no one In America causes similar to those operating in will deny the value of private devotions, but there Africa have been at work to create discontent and are certain distinctive values to be gained from race feeling-social ostracism of the Negro, polit- worshipping together with kindred spirits. The ical disability, economic exclusion from high approach to God may be had through different grades of work, a whole body of custom and law features of the service-through music or the at- that sets up different standards for the Negro and mosphere of a beautiful edifice, through the ritual for the white.

or through the sermon. If we ask, "What does the American Negro The implications of this are obvious; hymns want?" the answer is quite clear. First, educamust be chosen which are in line with the thought tion. Secondly, equal industrial opportunities; patterns of intelligent Christians, and which in- i. e., "equal opportunity to 'work at just wages and clude not only individual redemption but look under fair conditions." Thirdly, a share in electalso to the redemption of society. Sermons must ing their government. Fourthly, security from draw on the experience of the past and must in- mob violence and prejudiced legal decisions. terpret present-day problems in the light of the Fifthly, and this lies at the root of things, they teaching and spirit of Christ. desire passionately to be freed from the perpetual Fourth: The Church must broaden the outlook ostracism and degradation that labels them as of young people. We now understand that we though they were members of another and a live in a world which has become a neighborhood, lower, almost a sub-human species. It is impor- and yet the outlook of many young people is too tant to appreciate this issue from the Negro narrow. They must become concerned about their point of view. BASIL MATHEWS.

Negroes are Doing for

By REV. L. L. BERRY, D.D., New York Secretary of Missions of the African Methodist Episcopal Church THE Negro in America has been largely on upon it as a Shekinah for guidance in the un- the receiving end of things. Having been known estate which freedom had bequeathed to brought from Africa, in spite of all his re- him. sistance, and having been subject to the will of others for nearly two and a half centuries, he be- The main problem, and at the same time the came accustomed to a system which supplied his central objective, of this leadership of the Church minimum physical needs while his cultural life, was to help the Negro forget the handicaps under social instincts and intellectual desires were ig- which he had suffered, and the legacies left by his nored and even suppressed. Slavery assumed bondage. He must be inspired with hope and faith in the possibility of grasping and exercising that these aspirations were entirely lacking in the his full manhood rights. Agencies had to be es- Negro since it best served the ends of slavery to tablished for his benefit, and to enable him to acconsider him merely as a human chattel. Only quire the knowledge that would fit him into the in religion was a little latitude allowed as a vent social economy of which he was now a legal entity. to his spiritual yearnings. Early in his career as a minister, Richard Out of such a system the Negro emerged with Allen started a school in Philadelphia, and a natural disposition to lean upon others. For- throughout his life, as a bishop of the Church he tunately, however, all his self-reliance and inde- had established, he emphasized education for the pendence of spirit brought over from Africa was Negro as far as public opinion and laws would not killed. A faint spark of manhood still re- permit. Other churches and free blacks followed mained in him and he apprehended, withal dimly, in his footsteps. Frederick Douglass, self-eman- the truth of the philosophy that "God helps those cipated and self-educated, stood out as a shining who help themselves." This expression was in- example of what education could do for the Negro, terpreted in a militant sense by such black heroes and because of the compelling logic and oratory as Nat Turner and those who followed the in- displayed in his long battle for the freedom of trepid John Brown to his doom at Harper's Ferry his race, he became the Negro's ideal and idol, in their bold attempt to abolish slavery. It was manacled though he still was by the shackles of interpreted by others to apply more forcibly to slavery. matters of the mind, soul and spirit; and so we have, during this same blighting slavery period, Thus it came about that, in the battle that lay Richard Allen founding the African Methodist before the Negro in fitting himself for the rOle Episcopal Church, and James Varick establishing of a citizen, and the enjoyment of his status as the African Methodist Episcopal Zion Church in a free man, the Church brought up its battery of response to the unquenchable yearnings of the schools in its first attack upon the handicaps of ignorance that barricaded his progress. When Negro for untrammelled religious and cultural schools were first opened to Negroes an almost expression. 100% illiteracy might be said to have prevailed.

Even though these Negro religious denomina- That has now been reduced to 16.3 %, while in tions were severely restricted by rigid laws which made it a crime for Negroes even to preach to the top bracket of the principal professions of Negroes in some sections, to say nothing of teach- clergymen, college presidents and professors, dening Negroes, by the time slavery was abolished tists, doctors, trained nurses, musicians and music the organized Negro Church had become a real teachers, school-teachers, judges and lawyers, we lifeline to him in his helpless situation.. Having find 104,755 standing out to indicate what the become his source of greatest hope and inspira- Negro has achieved for himself. In the thick of tion during slavery, the Negro looked upon the this battle, the Negro Church was encouraged Church as providing the broad avenue for the at- and aided by the noble sacrifices and contributions tainment of his suppressed aspirations when he of white denominations and organizations of the finally escaped from his thralldom. So the Negro North in conducting schools for the freedmen of the South.

spontaneously rallied to the Church and looked In the early years following emancipation the [308 ] Negro newspaper was a rarity, so the Negro of something like 130,000. This Negro group minister used his pulpit as a broadcasting station supports entirely out of its own pocketbook a day and constantly kept before the eyes of his people nursery, a hospital staffed by Negro doctors who the outstanding accomplishments of the race give free clinics, an old folks' home and a recregroup. Negro orators and lecturers were given ation beach. This might be styled as non-statistithe keys to the pUlpit. Budding Negro businesses, cal work being done for Negroes by Negroes very many of which had their birth within the which every community conducts without any church, were advertised freely and often from the relation necessarily to any other community. pulpit. Negro doctors, dentists, lawyers and other pioneer professional men had liberal access Present-day social service setups generally have to the pulpit as a springboard from which to a very coherent and, in many cases, dependent launch themselves into the stream of gainful oc- relationship to every such unit wherever estabcupation. Fitness to serve the race in matters lished. This is true of such organizations as the that had only been performed by the white race, Y. M. C. A., the Urban League, Boy Scouts, Girls' was vouched for by the pulpit, which fact at once Guides and numerous others. These are governed established that confidence in the ability of these and directed mainly by centralized authority, and professionals so necessary to success. for this reason more or less reliable statistics re- garding their operations, are obtainable. If these The church was the Negro's social club. It was independent efforts of the Negroes for the wellhis nursery for business ventures, and the center being of Negroes could be tabulated, undoubtedly of his cultural hopes. It was a sort of trellis upon the results as to the work involved and the amount which he trained his budding enterprises and of money spent in its maintenance would be stagexercised his powers of organization. All of his gering. activities and endeavors clustered around this institution of the church, and from it radiated his Much that the Negro is doing for the Negro paths of adventure into the numerous fields of does not stand out and capture the attention for industry and labor in which we now find him en- another reason. Today he is doing a tremendous gaged. Thus we find that most of the successful amount of social good in cooperation with whites, organizations run by Negroes today still have a rendering contributions which implement in a very definite and important relationship to the large way the agencies which have been estabchurch, particularly insurance companies and fra- lished for Negroes by white philanthrophy. This ternal orders. is true mainly in connection with schools of higher learning established by northern churches and Starting with the church as a point of impulse, philanthrophy, and, in a lesser degree, with instiand with its sponsoring influence ever acting as tutions like the Y. M. C. A. In a very real sense, a spur to higher endeavors, the Negro has ad- the Negro provides most of the resources for the vanced in a fan-shaped formation of self-help and continuance of such work, and in estimating what conquest that has amazed the world. he is doing for himself, a sizeable percentage of the budgets of such institutions should be credited Negro Work in America to the Negro. • What the Negro is doing for Negroes in Amer- In the realm of business, note should be taken ica may be somewhat difficult to reduce to sta- of the National Negro Business League, founded tistics that would accurately tell the whole story. by the late Booker T. Washington. This league, Like streams which run along the surface for a started as a booster movement for stepping up the distance and then disappear under ground to be business adventures of the Negro, is still exerting lost to sight though still supplying moisture to a powerful influence on Negro enterprise that is vegetation, so much of the noble and self-sacri- undoubtedly reflected in the large and increasing ficing work of Negroes, supported entirely by number of retail businesses conducted today by themselves, is unseen by the compiler of statistics. the Negro. The movement known as Negro I here refer to such institutions as old folks' Health Week, now under the functions of the homes, day nurseries, burial societies, homes for U. S. Department of Health and nationally obwayward boys and girls and kindred institutions. served each year, was originated by the National In most instances these institutions are sponsored Negro Business League. directly by churches, or have some tangible relation to them. In the field of political and social betterment there are many organizations of Negroes, but An illustration of this might be found in any none has exerted greater pressure for the recogcity where there is a considerable Negro popula- nition of the basic rights of the Negro as a citizen tion. For example, let us survey briefly the city under the Constitution than the National Assoof Norfolk, Virginia, which has a Negro contin- ciation for the Advancement of Colored People. gent of approximately 45,000 in a total population This association has branches in practically every

large city in the United States, and is ever alert for its maintenance which this body is making. in the championship of the just interests of the It may be seen from the above outline of Negro Negro and in defense of his common rights. The birth of such movements as the Urban League and achievement and activity that he very early recoginterracial societies may be directly traced to the nized his responsibility for working out his own program of equal justice in our social economy salvation, and that he has exerted himself in a which has been the keystone purpose of the very tangible way to bring this about. He is NAACP, which is supported almost entirely by grateful and appreciative of the large coopera- Negroes. tion and inestimable help he has received from the white group, but he is sensible of the fact that While statistics do not give the whole story of more and more he is expected to and must assume what Negroes are doing for Negroes, what the the burden of doing things for himself. His· ef- Negro has accomplished in his own right, and forts are tending in that direction with greater owns and controls as a race group, should be elo- momentum. As has been true in matters of reliquent testimony of what he is doing. This is re- gion, fraternal societies and burial associations, vealed in the figures gathered by the painstaking the Negro is becoming organization-minded in all agents of the United States Government and matters affecting his well-being. which are embodied in its census of the Negro for 1930. (See pages 279 to 291.) In religion, he is becoming fraternal to the end that greater good may be accomplished by coop- American Negroes in Africa eration; in business, he is forming groups for the benefits that may come from the emphasis on Some of the "followers of Richard Allen" were common interests; in politics, he is dividing his among the first settlers of the Republic of Liberia vote that he may derive the largest considerations when a census was taken of its population in the from our system of government; in the educafirst year of the founding of the colony. Ever tional and social field, he is keeping elbow contact since the year 1822 the African Methodist Epis- with the professionally trained men and women copal Church has been interested in the redemp- of his race through fraternities, sororities, medtion and advancement of Africa, setting an ex- ical associations, teachers' associations and kinample which other Negro bodies have followed. dred organizations, that he might promote the general welfare of his submerged group in this Negro churches spend annually something like welter of American society. These efforts, sep- $6,152,905 for missions, approximately $2,500,000 arately, may not be registered accurately on the of this being spent for missionary endeavors in graph of human statistics, but collectively they foreign lands, especially Africa. The major Negro loom large in so far as they are related to the denominations supporting missionary work in depths from which the Negro has risen and his Africa are the African Methodist Episcopal hopes and possibilities of greater achievement. Church, the African Methodist Episcopal Zion, the National Baptist Convention, Inc., and the It is a long way from Jamestown, Virginia, in Lott Carey Baptist Convention. 1619, where the Negro began to learn his first les- sons in the school of hardships, to the present The African Methodist Episcopal Church con- time. In his early beginning in America he lived ducts several educational institutions in Africa. and served on the banks of the historic James In Sierra Leone there is the Girls' Industrial and River, to see and be influenced in many respects Literary School, and a school for boys; in Liberia by the Indians who were the aborigines of that is Monrovia College and Training School, the section. But instead of taking on their habits of main building of which was erected at a cost of merely hunting and fishing, he listened to the $70,000, while in South Africa there is Bethel In- music of the rushing waters to which his soul restitute at Cape Town, and Wilberforce Institute sponded in agonized memory of the Africa from at Evaton, Transvaal. which he had been snatched and passed down to his sons and daughters the Spirituals as one of The A. M. E. Zion Church has activities in Ni· the most glorious contributions of rhythm and geria and the Gold Coast in Africa, but has em- symphony which have enriched the world. phasized its work at Mount Coffee, in Liberia, where a commendable school has been established From these songs such institutions as Hampton, for religious and industrial education. Tuskegee_and Fisk have benefited in this contri- bution from the Negro to the Negro. But the The National Baptist Convention, Inc., has work Negro did 'not merely sing, "You May Have All in South Africa and several units in Liberia. Its outstanding achievement here is a well-staffed the World Just Give Me Jesus," he demonstrated hospital of about 60 beds. Although the Govern- his ability and faith to hold on to Jesus Christ as ment of Liberia has a hospital in Monrovia, this his Saviour and Lord, and to acquire some of this hospital established by the Baptist denomination world's blessings which he has passed on to his is rendering a recognized service that is worthy kindred. of note, and amply justifies the expenditure

in Work With

By REV. FREDERICK L. BROWNLEE, New York Executive Secretary of the American Missionary Association THERE is much that is fundamentally sound panionship, but it's worth all it costs." Evidently and reliable in lessons learned from experi- that is what Tagore means by "sacrifice" and the ence. Volumes could be written on the er- "spiritual plane." rors of working for people versus working with them. It is a strange paradox that the religion In one's approaches to a genuine fellowship he of Jesus Christ, who knew so well how to live and discovers certain basic facts as to thorough-going work with people of all "races, nations and interracialism. The chief of these is the fact of classes," became in time-'- particularly through how far human likenesses transcend racial differthe missionary enterprise-a work of one group ences. In an address at Talladega College a few for another group. What futile and stupid at- years ago Professor Kilpatrick said, "According tempts have been made by some Christians to im- to every available scientific authority the extent pose their religion "on the heathen"! The best of such differences (differences of innate ability that one can hope to do is to impart his Christian among races) is, at most, if any, small in comknowledge and faith. And even here one ought parison with the spread of difference within either to be willing to be a perfectly good sport accord- group compared. Not a few of the best authoriing to the Golden Rule, taking as well as giving. ties deny that such difference of innate ability has ever been shown or probably exists." A Student Volunteer once wrote Rabindranath Tagore concerning his going to India as a Chris- One learns that lesson from experience in work tian missionary. Tagore wrote back, with Negroes. When the sense of race conscious- ness is lost in a struggle for common values, be Do not be always trying to preach your doctrine, but give they a square deal in economic and social relations yourself in love. . . . Preaching your doctrine is no sacri- or a more complete understanding of truth or a fice at all-it is indulging in luxury, far more dangerous richer appreciation of beauty, then one knows bethan all the luxuries of material living. It breeds an yond a shadow of a doubt how much alike are all illusion in your mind that you are wiser and better than members of the human family. Such fellowship your fellow-beings. is deeper and finer and richer than the usual blood ties of family relationships. One may have such If you have in you pride of race, pride of sect and pride fellowship with blood relatives. But one may not of personal superiority strong, then it is no use to try to only have such fellowship outside the bonds of do good to others. . . . On the spiritual p:ane you cannot blood ties but one more frequently has it outside do good until you be good. than inside such ties. The same is true outside of versus inside of racial ties. You have repeatedly said that your standard of living is not likely to be different from that of the "natives"- Another destroyer of Nordic egotism is the rev- but one thing I ask, will you be able to make yourself elation that comes through experience that it is one with those whom you call "natives," not merely in not the ambition of every Negro to become white. habits but in love? How generally the white man has presumed to the There we have the preeminent lesson that one learns from experience in working with Negroes.

Fundamental to all constructive human relations contrary! He has been sure that the height of is the question of mutual respect and confidence. ambition of every Negro is to marry a white per- It is a universal fact. How well I remember my son. There are reasons why Negroes might wish first visit to Puerto Rico and the beginning of to change the color of their skin. Society being friendships with its gracious citizens. He was set up as it is, one can gain so much and get away indeed my friend who said to me, "The poorest with so much with a white skin. Two Negroes peon has his center of dignity. If you wound that were overheard discussing white people. One of you are done for." Respect for the center of dig- them said, "White people have everything."

nity becomes the open sesame to fellowship in "Yes," said the other, "white people have every- Puerto Rico's delightful "Society of the Simpa- thing but the grace of God, and some of them ticos." have even got that."

A friend wrote recently, "It is a long road to Outside of the material advantages of being that inner niche of mutual fellowship and com- white, in a world largely dominated by the white [311 ]

race, I know personally no Negroes who are capable individuals of his race. The reverse is ashamed of the color of their skin or would ex- true for the Negro. It is common for him to have change it for white skin if they could. Why ascribed to him all the vices and inabilities of the should one feel any more pride or shame in the worst and most incapable members of his race.

color of his skin than he does in the color of his In other words, the Negro suffers from "mass hair or his eyes? Dark little cherubs are just as condemnation versus individual appraisal," as dear as white ones and vice versa. Why not? . discriminating Negroes frequently put it.

"Some prefer blondes, others brunettes, others Experience in work with Negroes proves the chocolate browns and still others the darker contrary. It is here that one finds the most sig- hues." This is the way one comes to feel about it nificant evidence of Professor Kilpatrick's state- after years of working with rather than for ment that racial differences, so far as innate abil- Negroes. ities are concerned, have never been scientifically One more lesson from the school of experience. proved. Asa matter of fact, experience proves I do not know who the white man was who coined that color or the lack of it is no guarantee of the expression, "All Negroes look alike." I do brains. Original contributions have been made to know that such a statement is as untrue as it is all arts, sciences, religious beliefs and philosophies superficial. It has led to one of the greatest diffi- by men and women of all races. Said an Eskimo culties with which the Negro has to contend.. It to the famous arctic adventurer, Peter Freuchen, is common for a white man to have ascribed to "If a man is born white he may still be born him the virtues and abilities of the best and most stupid."

Other Lessons from Experience By JOHN UTILE, Louisville, Kentucky Superintendent of the Presbyterian Colored Missions For I am not ashamed of the gospel of Christ for it is perience as preachers, but they believed that "the the power of God unto salvation to everyone that believeth, Gospel is the power of God unto salvation." to the Jew first and also to the Greek. Romans 1: 16. Thirty-eight years have passed and on the first THESE words were in the minds of six the- Sunday afternoon in February, 1936, the writer ological students when they walked out of the saw a thousand Colored people in that Sunday Presbyterian Seminary in Louisville, Ken- school and heard them pour out their hearts in tucky, on Sunday afternoon, February 4, 1898, to songs of praise to their heavenly Father. Directstart a Sunday school for Colored children. Plans ing the music was a young woman who had grown had been discussed for several months and they up as one of the pupils, had gone to Fisk Uniwere now ready to put the Gospel to a test. They versity and taken special training in music, is had consulted with a number of Christian friends now teaching in the Municipal University in in the city, and upon the recommendation of a Louisville. Sitting at the piano was another group of Colored and white ministers, they had young woman who had grown up in the Sunday rented a little store room on Preston Street. It school. It was a marvelous experience for those was in a tenement district, surrounded by saloons, present to hear this chorus of a thousand voices gambling dens and houses of prostitution. They swell out with the words: had gone through this neighborhood, visiting in the homes of the people and leaving cards an- Oh, walk togedder, children, don't you get weary; nouncing the opening of the Sunday school. Dere's a great camp meetin' in de promised land!

Only twenty-three Colored children were pres- Oh, a feel de spirit a-movin', gwine to live with God forent on the first day and it seemed indeed a small ever; beginning. The writer was surprised to find that not one member of his class had any knowledge Dere's a great camp meetin' in de promised land! of the Bible or any acquaintance with the life of Jesus Christ. The students accepted their task It was one of their Jubilee songs, composed by a and conducted an ordinary Sunday school with company- of slaves who gathered and sang and preaching services on Wednesday and Sunday shouted for joy and gave God honor and praise. nights, each student taking his regular turn in preaching. They had little training and no ex- The first equipment in this little tumble-down storehouse on Preston Street was pathetic in its simplicity. A worn out organ donated by a friend was the only musical instrument, and a table and a few chairs were the physical equipment. The

OTHER LESSONS FROM EXPERIENCE

HOPE NURSERY SCHOOL FOR COLORED CHILDREN THE .BEGINNERS' DEPARTMElNT IN GRACE SUNDAY SCHOOL WORK IN THE CARPENTElR SHOP FOR BOYS COOKING CLASS FOR WOMEN AND OLDEIR GIRLS

house had formerly served as a lottery office for Space forbids going into detail about the nu- the community, but the Gospel, taught in its pur- merous activities that have found a place in our ity, simplicity and power, began to shed abroad weekly schedule. Twenty-two different types of its influence in the community. Among the pupils work are now carried on and there are sixty dif- were some who welcomed with joy the teachers ferent clubs and classes and services, all of which and the message and they became faithful attend~ are operated in the two institutional churches ants on the services. The building soon was which have developed. out of one small Sunday crowded; the workers ceased their efforts to school started thirty-eight years ago.

enroll new pupils and devoted themselves to the Recently, I sat in the home of a woman and instruction of those under their care. The lame, the halt and the blind came in and every conceiv- asked her questions about the value of our instiable problem of human need presented itself and tutions to the community. She said: received careful and sympathetic consideration. "Yours was the first Sunday school that I ever attended. I came on Wednesday night and lis- As the years have passed, volunteer teachers tened to the prayer meeting and I became inter- have gradually been added to our teaching staff, ested in the Bible. I could ask questions and the until today there are more than two hundred peo- prayer meeting service was the one that did me ple, representing many religious denominations, the most good."

having their share in the operation of the two I thought of the history of that family. The Missions which have been maintained-the first father was a drinking man and they were very since February 4, 1898, and the second since April poor. There were four children who all slept 2,1899. crossways in one bed. The mother made a living The founders of this work had no theory for the by taking in washing yet always kept her chilsolution of the "Negro problem," but they believed dren clean and neat and insisted on their going to the Gospel message was intended for the Colored school regularly in spite of their poverty. The race and many Christian men and women organ- older brother died with tuberculosis, but we seized classes for Negroes, to meet during the week. cured a doctor and a tuberculosis nurse and the disease was arrested before it spread to the rest A.note from two Colored girls contained the re- of the family. The three girls graduated from quest: "Will you please start a sewing school for high school, secured positions as domestic servthe little ragged children on Pearl Street." Two ants, saved their money and bought a home, put- Christian women started such a class on the fol- ting the deed in their mother's name. The oldest lowing Saturday morning. It was a small begin- girl said she would like me to see the home. When ning and a work of faith but now there are more I replied: "The important thing is to have it a than five hundred women and girls who come in Christian home," she said: "We read the Bible during the week to receive instructions in sew- every morning." Before the mother died, I had ing. The reflex influence of such work shows in the privilege of receiving this mother into the every service and class held in our buildings. church and her daughters, now grown women, at- Girls and women who come to Sunday school and tend Sunday school where their children have alchurch wear the dresses they have made. The ways been Honor Roll pupils. sewing classes meet an economic need of the people, for mothers can make their household linen This family is a concrete example of the power and their children's garments. Last week, in the of the Gospel. The original home was located in dressmaking class I saw a mother who had one of the worst slum districts in our city. There were four saloons on the four corners of the block brought her old cloak, had taken it to pieces and and every day the children were subjected to every was remaking it on a smaller pattern for her form of temptation. They entered Sunday school, daughter, with the assistance of a competent believed the truth they were taught and it gave Christian. them inspiration and courage to become decent, One of the best housekeepers in Louisville real- industrious citizens and an economic success in life. They were regular attendants in the Sunized the value of wholesome food in the homes, day school, the sewing and cooking schools, the and invited a group of Colored girls to meet her Boys' and Girls' Clubs and the playground, and one day during the week and gave them instruc- accepted and used every opportunity that was extion in the preparation of foo~l. She furnished tended to them by a Christian institution. . them recipes that would enable them to vary their menus and prepare food in a more wholesome and appetizing fashion. Again we had entered a field One other concrete example: a small boy came of Christian labor that was not included in our into the primary class and from the very first original plan and yet we found a wide field of op- proved himself a regular attendant. His name portunity for practical Christian service by intel- and his sister's name headed the Honor Roll until ligent and consecrated women. he graduated from high school. He then entered

NEGRO YOUTH CHALLENGES WHITE YOUTH

Fiske University in Nashville, Tennessee, and intended to go to Hampton Institute. He saved while there in their music courses he developed a his money, attended Hampton Institute and rewonderful tenor voice. They selected him as a ceived a certificate from them as a carpenter. He member of a quartet and sent him out to sing for now lives in Philadelphia, is married, owns his the school. With the quartet, he spent fourteen own home and recently brought his family down months in Europe, visiting fourteen foreign countries and appearing before the royalty of Europe. in his automobile to visit his parents in Louis- One day I was standing on the platform and no- ville. I invited him to speak to the Sunday school, ticed him enter the building and I invited him to and in a slow, drawling voice he told his simple sing for the Sunday school. He readily consented story, closing with the words, "I now have my and the audience was thrilled with his music. He own home and have family prayers every mornselected, "Open the Gates of the Temple," and as he sang the closing words, "I know that my Re- ing." He has gone to live in a distant city but he deemer liveth," I realized what he was doing. He still comes back to give his testimony to the had been away from us for ten years and had power of the Gospel as he learned it in our Suntraveled all over the world, but when he came back and again stood on the platform of the Sun- day school.* day school in which he had grown up, he brought them the message, "I know that my Redeemer * A joint committee of Presbyterian laymen and ministers, ap- liveth." pointed by the four branches of the Presbyterian and Reformed I remember a small boy who, many years ago, Churches of Louisville, form a governing board of the Presbyterian Colored Missions. This committee Is Incorporated and owns two was a regular attendant in the Sunday school. pieces of property-a modern institutional church building which When we gave the invitation to come forward, he has a recreation hall, bath house, rooms for sewing, cooking and united with the church. He heard me give a various social activities. Two regular churches, with ordained minstereopticon lecture in which I told the story of isters and their Boards of Elders and Deacons, direct the church Booker Washington and how, as a young boy, he worship. determined to get an education and I said, "Any boy in this room can do what he did." At the This work, which was started in a very smalI way, has grown to close of the lecture, he came forward and said he a point where there are 2.000 different people coming to the two buildings. There are seven religious services on Sunday, including a Sunday school. regular preaching services and four groups of youn!>; people who gather in the evening for their own worship service.

A blind woman, when asked to describe the missions, said: "They are lighthouses in the community."

There are 200 white people who give their services voluntarily in the Sunday school, the sewing classes, and in the supervision of other groups which meet In the building.

Operated by "The Committee on Colored Evangelization of the Presbyterian and Reformed Churches of Louisville, Incorporated."

Correspondence is invited with the Superintendent. The missions are always open to any viSitor, stranger or friend who desires to inspect the work.

Negro Youth Challenges White Youth* I -4Ef/ By J. S. LEDBETTER, Traveling Salesman 1Ji.- I ~==========================~ [EDITOR'S NOTE: The following article comes from a traveling section of North Carolina, in an eloquent and imsalesman of the Buick Motor Car Co., who mails it "en route from passioned plea, challenged the 1,600 or more stu- Berea," with the statement that "as a traveling salesman and ob- dents of Berea College in an address entitled, server" he had chanced to drop In. uninvited, on the chlpel service "What the Negro Youth Expects of the White of Berea College, because he heard that a Negro woman for the youth in Their Tomorrow." first time was to speak there. The article Is a copy of the notes he took, with incident Impressions and convictions.] This Negro woman was the first woman of her group to bring a message to these students. Pres- I N THE chapel at Berea College, on December ident William J. Hutchins, who by way of intro- 14, was enacted a scene which promises a duction in the weeks that preceded the visit, had change in the attitudes and thinking of thou- given a partial history of her achievements in sands of white youth, not only from the hills and education and interracial goodwill. Now he prevalleys of Kentucky, but from the ten or more sented Dr. Brown as one of the outstanding other Southern states represented by the students. women of America.

In a scholarly and dignified manner, with a cul- As an onlooker and listener it was pleasing to tivated voice and gestures of unusual significance, contrast the gentle welcoming applause with the a little black woman, who has won the title of Doc- thunderous ovation which followed her last words, torate from one of the outstanding universities of "Will you meet us half way?" her people, Charlotte Hawkins Brown, protegee of Alice Freeman Palmer, founder and promoter of After expressing her delight in the opportunity an unique school for her people in the Piedmont • From Advance, Boston. January 31, 1935.

to be at Berea, of which she had heard much dur- ington for the porter and had asked "George" to ing her New England childhood, in that delightful carry his baggage, and Dr. Washington carried it, brogue flavored by a little of the North Carolina and on refusing to accept a tip revealed his iden- musical twang, she proceeded thus: tity, to the man's shame and confused apology.

"There is no gift within the range of the Amer- The speaker said that race prejudice is neither ican people that cannot be yours as American inherited nor inborn; it has to be taught or cul- white boys and girls. The industries, the institu- tivated; Negro women have the hardest time, be- tions, the wealth, and the government are already cause white people generally feel that they can bequeathed to you. Tomorrow the reins will be easily be prostituted.

put into your hands. From the position of Presi- Dr. Brown emphatically stated that the Negro dent, Senator, and Congressman, to the smaller does not want to be white, that he is not seeking but ever more important offices of county sheriff intermarriage. "Marriage," she said, "is compli- and city councilman, you will have the adminis- cated enough as it is, without adding the extra tering of the affairs of the American nation. The burden of racial mixture. Furthermore, Negro youth of my race, a minority group tied to you, in men and women need not go out of the race for spite of whatever may be said, by 250 years of white skin, because slavery produced a sufficient the unrequited toil of their forbears, are wonder- supply of mulattoes for their children, and their ing if, in your effort to achieve a greater civiliza- children's children, if they want light-colored tion, you will ride roughshod over them, or if in mates. Negroes want a chance for self-expres- Christian institutions like this, built around a re- sion, fair play, and equal opportunities for pro- ligion intelligently conceived and passionately be- tection and advancement."

lieved, you will develop that sense of fairness and The last ten minutes of the address was a rapid justice, that expression of neighborly-mindedness review of the founding of the Palmer Memorial that will include them in your plan and program Institute at Sedalia, N. C., the financial and racial for the development of a finer and better America struggle under which it had been developed from in which to live." a church for a schoolhouse, a log cabin as a dormi- The students' eyes were fastened on the speaker tory, to its half-million-dollar plant, its significant and for full forty minutes she held both teachers and interesting interracial program, and its sucand students to an almost uncanny silence in her cessful endeavor to enlist the interest of its white appeal for justice for her people. neighbors.

What Negroes Want The recital brought vividly before the group the fact that, notwithstanding her achievements, Dr. The main points emphasized in these expecta- Charlotte Hawkins Brown must still suffer the tions were a guarantee of full protection of the indignities and prejudices heaped upon the illiterlaw under any and all circumstances. Dr. Brown ate and undisciplined members of her race. Edusuggested that they exhibited weakness when they cation and culture make little difference. substituted mob law for the civil law which they themselves instituted. She also asked for the for· There stood this Negro woman, an example of lowing things: what a Negro may achieve in culture and educa- tion, her own best appeal and challenge to the 1. An opportunity for Negro youth in any and white youth of America for fair play and justice all vocations for which they show an aptitude. to her people. When in her closing sentence she 2. Equal educational opportunities. said, "I promise God to teach my youth to strive 3. A proper evaluation of human personality· to establish understanding, sympathy, and interunderneath black skin. (She stated that failure racial goodwill," with a voice quivering with deep in this brought about lynching and flagrant in- emotion, she flung out the challenge to the youth justice to people they regarded as not fully created of Berea, "Will you meet us half way?" Tears human beings.) filled the eyes of old and young, and the burst of 4. The abolition of purely Negro jobs and an sustained applause that shook the building was an open door to earn a living, with equal wages for indication that this woman, a credit to her race equal work. and to American womanhood, had struck a deep 5. The same respect for members of the Negro chord in the hearts of white youths of the South, race that white people feel entitled to from the to whom Berea College itself is a challenge. .

Negro race. The day ended with a conference of the com- She gave striking illustrations of how lack of bined faculty of 150 or more members, who, after ordinary courtesy to human beings because their poignant and searching questions, voted that day faces are black causes the looking upon color as as one of the red-letter days of the year, and many the badge of a servant always. She told the story were heard to say that a great forward step in of how a traveler had once taken Booker T. Wash- race relations had been taken. –

Ways of

Tested Methods for Increasing Interest at Home EDITED BY MRS. ESTELLA S. AITCHISON, GRANVILLE, OHIO ~~I=I ========================~~========~~====~~~~ FRESH MATERIAL FOR The Women's Home Mission- "Mather, a Continued Story" (free) ary Society of the Methodist telling of the work at the school es- PROGRAM BUILDERS Episcopal Church, 420 Plum St., tablished in 1867 by Rachel Crane Cincinnati, Ohio, has an excel- Mather at Beaufort, S. Carolina, is At the opening of summer, lent four-cent leaflet on "Ne- already available, and a play dealing with the appearance of the new groes in the Economic Struc- with the same school, and written by study themes and the added ture," by Will W. Alexander, Mrs. Augusta Comstock, will soon be leisure for program making, we Executive Director of the Com- ready. (A small charge is made for present an assortment of plans mission on Interracial Coopera- plays.) "Baptist Missionary Piowhich have already proved their tion. The chairman of the For- neers among Negroes" (cloth, 60 value in practical use. The ward-Looking Committee of the cents; paper, 35 cents) and "A flood of year books and pro- Society attended a student con- Heroine of the Cross" (cloth, 75 grams which have come to hand ference "Appreciation Hour" at cents; paper, 50 cents) by Grace M. attest the widespread use to which a Negro student from a Eaton, and "Race Grit" by Coe Hayne which they have been adapted. large college read selections (price, 65 cents) are now available If your denomination does not from a variety of poems by for the year's study. The Woman's seem to be receiving its meed of Negro writers; this led to nam- Baptist Home Mission Society has attention, it is because the mem- ing the M. E. women's forth- also an annual pamphlet entitled bers are not letting their light coming studies "Appreciation "From Ocean to Ocean" which gives shine! Year." This material, inclusive concrete reports of all their work in- of a masque on the plan of clusive of that among Negroes (price, We regret that plans and sup- "Every Woman" and dealing 30 cents). Order all free material plementary material for pre- with My Child, Every Child, from The Council on Finance and senting the new study themes etc., also an "achievement pos- Promotion, 152 Madison Ave., New are not ready for use in the va- ter," will be reviewed later. The York City, and pay literature from rious denominations until the special course in leadership The American Baptist Publication summer conference, hence it is training on "Christian Brother- Society, 1701 Chestnut St., Philadelimpossible to secure this ma- hood" is not a study of the Negro phia, Pa. terial in time for our J une issu~. but of all groups in race rela- They will appear at the earliest tions. "It will be as useful for "The Finding Out Box" gives possible date thereafter. The our Negro constituency as for six object lessons for boys and following are the only advance the white folks, because some girls, by Katherine Scherer data your Editor has been able Negroes are the victims of race Cronk, and is an excellent leaflet to secure in response to her prejudice in their own hearts. on Negroes, for children's somany inquiries: They have plenty of cause for cieties or Sunday school classes. it, but it is injuring them defi- Order from The Women's Mis- The Presbyterian Board of nitely as it is the white man who sionary Society, United Lu- National Missions, 156 Fifth is ill from the same attitude to- theran Church, 1228 Spruce St., Ave., New York City, has a set ward the Negroes or other Philadelphia, Pa. of 10 enlarged pictures entitled groups." "Sepia Tones" (16 by 2'0 inches) Pending our later presentawhich rent at 25 cents plus post- (Quoted fram letter from Mrs. J. N. tion of the new study plans, the age both ways. These fit the Rodeheaver, of the M. E. Woman's Board.) following program suggestions theme, "The American Negro." will be widely acceptable: A ten-cent play which is a gen- Miss May Huston, of the Baperal racial study (tentativelyen- tist Board of Missionary Educa- Foundation Work titled "Under the Skin"), two tion, gives the following items: sets of stereopticon pictures and A friend in the Reformed two motion picture reels on the We expect to have programs and Church sends a leaflet by Flor- Negro (one in color, for chil- discussion Questions prepared on "A ence Gordon, a worker in Grove dren) are in preparation for Preface to Racial Understanding" and Reformed Church at North general use. A set of programs to use them with a series of leaflets Bergen, N. J., from which we and a Negro map, while pointed prepared by the Home Boards on cull the following basic suggesspecifically to the Presbyterian their work among the Negroes. The tions: work, may also be suggestive. leaflets are free in packets made up for those using the study book. A missionary program does not "grow," like Topsy. It is born of [317 ] prayer and study and determination, and brought up in patient, persistent planning. A good meeting begins long in advance of the day and hour set, and ends-never. Some part of

it stays with someone forever in per- have Martha hands but let us pray to Another feature suggested by manent enlargement of heart and keep our Mary minds. spring is the Butterfly Luncheon as view. God gives such a meeting in- used. with variations, along the lines crease. . . . We must "sell" our We can give the support of this of one sent in by a Washington, D. C., speaker (or other feature) by good thorough preparation, this atmos- correspondent. It was the culminapublicity in order to secure a wide and phere-creation, this careful execution, tion of a campaign begun the previous responsive audience. Part of the to our home-ta.ent speaker as well as autumn to secure new members for preparation will be in creating the our board or missionary visitor. A the woman's organization. Each right atmosphere. The physical as- lot of work – all this preparation? member had been given privately the pects are important. Need we have But it is the Way of the Lord which name of a non-member whom she was our chairs in straight, school-like we prepare. to cultivate in a variety of underrows? A semicircular or circular ar- cover ways-with invitations to the rangement is more intimate and sug- To the above, the Editor would add meetings, holiday and birthday greetgests hands – around – the – world. A the desirability of "time-budgeting" ings, etc., in each case signing herself smooth-running meeting may be much speakers and performers. Most ail- merely "Your Butterfly Friend." The advanced by having the complete ing missionary meetings are maimed spring luncheon was the time of revorder typed or mimeographed in ad- by being held over-long. On ordinary elation; for then "The Birth of the vance, supplying each guest with a occasions, one hour is enough-all that Butterflies" was announced to occur copy as she enters. can be commanded in the complexity at a gathering where all the couples and difficulty under modern conditions paired off openly. The luncheon tables Then supply color. Devotional of "living on 24 hours a day." The were beautifully dec 0 rat e d with service, incidental music, background plan of turning a flashlight quietly spring flowers, artificial butterflies, may all be correlated. If Negro work on a program participant (after pre- napkins bearing the same winged is the topic or race relations in the vious notice) which she has, herself, symbols, etc., and at each place was a U. S., our best voices will be delighted used for severa! years past does not boutonniere of gay posies. The toasts to prepare a group of spirituals or give offense if in general use, and it cleverly carried out the butterfly we may all sing one of the familiar does ensure the return of an audience motif: "The Cocoon of Life," "The ones. The "lonesome tunes" and bal- for another meeting without fear of Chrysalis," "Wings," etc. lads of our southern mountains give being detained unduly. One hour is the spirit of the people. American enough, and will do more good than Flag Day or any other national Indian melodies are not hard to come twice the time with a restless and im- holiday may be capita:ized for misby. At one Japanese meeting a lul- patient audience. sions in some such way as this one relaby was sung in the original after it ported by the Program Secretary of had been read in translation, and all Capitalizing Occasions Missions: Mrs. J. T. Crawford, of stood during the singing of the na- Topeka, Kansas, arranged an intertional anthem of Japan, with the flags This gives added receptivity esting program on Missions Magazine. of Japan and our country in one Jap- for the subject matter. For in- Cut seven long strips of red paper anese holder, the Christian flag the stance, May parties and brides and six of white. On the back of each uniting link between them. . . . A just naturally fit into the pres- paste a message from the current iswealth of illustrative, atmosphere- ent season. Mrs. B. P. Heubner sue of the Magazine and fasten the creating material is available – pic- sends a lovely program folder as strip to a firm background. For the tures in magazines and newspapers used at a spring World-Wide blue field (placed in one corner) give and paper-clipped to pasteboards, Guild banquet in the First Bap- "loyalty" items, also from Missions. supplying an art gallery suggesting tist church in Galesburg, 111., To complete the flag, have a roll call the land under discussion and often with explanations as follows: of 48 missionaries. As each name is providing a point of departure for the called, a member places a star in the speaker. (NatilJ'lWl Geographic Mag- The flower-basket idea was used, b'ue field. In closing sing "The Star azines, Sunday school supply catalogs, each talk presenting some Guild qual- Spangled Banner" or "America," fol- ity or purpose under the figure of a lowed by the bugle call, "taps." Misetc., are mentioned as affording fas- flower-"Mistress Mary," cornflower, sionary leaflets rolled in red paper cinating maps, posters, pictures of violet, lily of the valley, lilacs and make fine "firecrackers" to be used as persons and villages, and the like. roses, iris, fruit blossoms, morning souvenirs for a July meeting. "Fresh Some junior group in the church glory, flowering currant, ivy, jack-in- Chinese rolls" (or any other variety, might get these features ready for the-pu:pit and white rose. The per- according to the country studied) are use.) We have Mexican-drawn work, sons impersonating the flowers talked further suggested by Mrs. Crawford Indian pottery, southern qui Its, under the figures of their respective for use in handing out leaflet literacandlewick bedspreads in our homes blossoms, Jack-in-the-pulpit being the ture at a meeting in the progress of that can be related to the program. pastor and the White Rose presenting a program. Have even your collection box har- the closing consecration and installamonize – a Chinese p·ate, a Japanese tion service. The tables were centered The annual meeting is one often relantern or an Indian jug. The with small baskets of flowers to con- quirin!; tastv features to render it aphostesses may wear costumes of the trast with the large one on the speak- petizing. Here is a p'an which was countries considered. Dates and a ers' table, into which the speakers put explained at a conference of Methrice dish may suggest Arabian rice their flowers. There were also stream- odist women of the Cincinnati diswafers and sponge cakes, Japan, etc. ers of ruffled blue crepe paper on a trict, held at Lakeside, Ohio: Now your music, setting, decorations, wider strip of rose pink, with here all keep within the picture presented and there a bud corresponding with Mother Calico, the District Presiby your speaker. the one on the place cards, the buds dent, made ready for the homecoming being made of various colors of paper. of her 11 daughters. All came The wise chairman will have her Mint cups had frills of b:ue and white dressed in calico and responded to ficentire procedure for the afternoon paper. The outside of the program titious names which would represent written down. Should the King's bore a water-color tinted young wom- their various offices. business be hit-or-miss? . . . The an with a May basket on her arm. business meetings may be a danger And on the inside, in addition to the (1) The Recording Secretary came point. If they can be wholly segre- program, was typed the verse: gated, all the better. At least they with a big book in her arms and told can be kept within their time budget .Among the changing months us of her arduous duties and that we and all business tabled that is not May stands confessed, might find a record of all the meetdisposed of in order that the speaker's ings we had held in her district from time be not dissipated. Keep the tone The sweetest and in fairest time immemorial. She was known as of the meeting in harmony with the Colors dressed. "Rebecca Record." great objective. (Avoid fussy dis- -Thomson. cussion of trivial points.) We must (2) The Corresponding Secretary entered with 120 little lanterns strung around and around her neck, also with two huge pockets in her dress filled

EFFECTIVE WAYS OF WORKING

with them. These were the new mem- tion properly-and how that will af- Observe Laymen's Missionary Sunbers she had to present. She hung fect the whole body I day according to the booklet and sugthe lanterns across the front of the gestions of the Laymen's Missionary church. Her name was "Cora Spond." We will now hsten to Dr. A- (the Movement each year. vice-president of the society), asking (3) The Young People's Secretary her some statistical questions. How Use the stamp co:lecting page in was known as "Mary Youth," and many corpuscles in the blood stream The Herald (and other publications). described her work among her blos- of the Foreign Mission Society? soms. (Members.) How many are still in A Missionary Letter that could be need of specia; treatment? (Unin- read in 10 minutes was sent by Rev. (4) The Junior Secretary, "Char- terested or inactive.) Who may be- Charles Gerlinger of the Sioux Falls ity Childs," told of her Buds. long to that blood stream? (Qualifi- Congregational church, to a circle of cations for membership.) 10 as a round robin with a list of (5) The Mite Box Secretary was names at the bottom, each man to "Blessing Box." With mite boxes Next, let us call the Special Sur- check off his name as he passed the strung around her, she showed how geon of Stewardship. What treat- letter on to the next person. This mighty the little mites may become. ment or operations will be necessary letter made the rounds completely and to bring in these 1,000,000 uninter- was sent to a second circle of men. (6) The Extension Secretary, ested members? "Goldie Extension," was clothed in a See Dr. Lobinger's pamphlet, "Misdress covered with gold stars. She The secretary will now read the sionary Education among Men." told how many zeroes had been re- minutes of Dr. B-'s survey of the moved in the district. last clinic. (Report of previous Let the men's club fo,:low the ex- meeting.) Dr., can you suggest ample of a South Carolina church (7) The Stewardship Secretary, something to improve our patient? men's club which has the rule that "Sally Steward," stressed the facts of two of its 12 meetings each year are Prayer, Personality and Possessions. Similarly doctors impersonated by to be distinctively missionary. the Secretary of Literature, the (8) The Field Support Secretary Treasurer (money :ying nearest the The Anamosa, Iowa, Congregational was "Faithful Fields." Reporting heart and so involvin~ heart ail- church woman's missionary society e~ for the special work in the district, ments), the Extension Secretary tertains the husbands twice a year she urged more auxiliaries to assume (who gives absent treatments), two with a program of dinner, games, field support. doctors for the Program Committee talks, etc. Very popular. The homes (programs aiding digestion, not being are packed and the men always look (9) The Literature Secretary was meant to sleep and dream about, etc.), forward to the next one. "Magie Zine." She entered with arms the Secretary of Membership who loaded with magazines of various ministers to malnutrition, the Leader The Elyria, Ohio, United Presbykinds. We represented ourselves as of Groups who acts as an interne, terian church has a Men's Missionary being more interested in tales of ad- etc., diagnose and prescribe for com- League with a complete organizaventure, fashions, movies, etc., than mon ills. tional setup. It meets monthly, rein the denominational publications; porting real success. [This is one of but in spite of our indifference she Clinic adjourns after prescribing the first we have heard of.-ED.] persisted in selling her literature. for all patients daily prayer and Scripture reading. A diagram may Prayer for Absent Ones (10) The Treasurer was "Hopeful well accompany this. Dollars," and Mother Calico asked her Tune: "Art Thou Weary" to give the "Glad Tidings" as the Mrs. B. H. Daugherty, of Warren, treasurer ca]ed for them. Ohio, was the author of the unique Holy Father, in Thy mercy plan. Hear our earnest prayer: (11) The Publicity Secretary, "Polly Publicity," came with arms That Grab Bag Again Keep our loved ones, now far absent, filled with newspapers and showed 'Neath Thy care. how many different papers over the From Rev. H. D. Davies' Misdistrict had published· the notices of sionary Grab Bag, mentioned Jesus Saviour, let Thy presence the missionary meetings and seem- last month, we take the follow- Be their light and guide; ingly were just as willing to make ing tidbits: room for these as for reports of club Keep, 0 keep them, in their weakness, meetings, etc. Ha,ve the yaung folks themselves At Thy side. give short talks before the Bible A MISS'lONARY CLINIC school, furnishing them the material When in sorrow, when in danger, that they can master and tell in their When in loneliness, This plan, from the same group of own way. women at Lakeside, gives a unique In Thy love reach down and comfort program outline for any meeting in Have panel discussions of world Their distress. which the inner workings of a mis- questions such as communism, race sionary organization-male or female relations, peace, economic justice, etc. May the joy of Thy salvation -are to be explained. Briefly, it ran Be their strength and stay; thus: Have a weekly World News Reel from the Christian viewpoint. A May they love and may they praise How many have ever wished to be Christian "March of Time" feature Thee, present when the doctors ta:ked about is a possibility. our "insides"? Imagine the Foreign Day by day. Mission Society (substitute any de- Have a race relations program ussired name) is laid out on this table ing Nationals of the community to Holy Spirit, let Thy teaching about to be dissected. Many disbe- sing their songs, etc., in costume, pos- Sanctify their life; lieve in vivisection, but adequately to sibly with folk songs and dances. analyze a subject one has to do some The idea is to provoke respect for Send Thy grace that they may concutting. First, imagine the Foreign people who are different yet talented quer Mission Society of the world, then we in their own way. shall cut off this section for our coun- In the strife. try. Next divide this into branches, Have tableaux depicting historical ours being the C- branch. There occasions such as the haystack prayer Father, Son and Ho:y Spiritare 28 auxiliaries functioning in this meeting, the meeting of Livin<!stone God the One in Three, district. See how small a part one and Stanley, etc. A Livingstone plays – it has to be put under a monologue giving the mental debate Bless them, guide them, save them, microscope to see it. But if it hap- as to whether to return to England keep them, pens to be a germ-infested part in one or continue in Africa would be imsmall organ, the whole will not func- pressive. Near to Thee. The Council of Women for Home Missions ANNE SEESHOLTZ, EXECUTIVE SECRETARY, 105 EAST TWENTY-SECOND STREET, NEW YORK "~»I~~~~==~~~==~=======~ A GOOD STORY DO YOU KNOW HIM? A SHORT LITANY In a book full of action, known Charles Lamb, in talking to Help us, Our Father, to real- ize that Thou art the Father of as "The Acts" we read at the a friend one day, said "I dislike all children of whatever race; beginning that a little company Mr. So and So very much." Response: Increase our viof men and women were told by "Do you know him?" asked his sion, Lord. Jesus, about to begin his heavenly journey, himmelfahrt as friend. Let no prejudices, false pride, "N0," replied Charles Lamb. or feeling of superiority enter into any of our relationships the Germans name the event, "Well, if you knew him you with members of other races; "not to depart from Jerusalem . would like him, for he is a splenbut to wait for the promise of did young man. I should like to Response: Increase our vithe Father." And they, con- bring you two together." sion, Lord. trariwise to many who recently "No," said Charles Lamb, "I followed in thought and prayer don't want to know him, for if I Open our minds that we may the life of Jesus through Geth- did, I'm sure I would like him." realize what happens to a persemane, Golgotha, and Easter To what extent does this typ- son when he is continually remorn, waited, "continuing sted- ify our attitude toward people buffed; fastly in prayer, with the wom- of other races? Do we know the en, and Mary the mother of finest types among them? Do we Response: Increase our vi- Jesus, and with his brethren. want to know them? sion, Lord.

And Peter "stood up . . . Race prejudice is not limited Grant that we may always reit became known. . . they to anyone race nor to anyone spect the sacredness of personwere all together in one place country. It is world wide, but is ality; . . . they were all filled with very tense in certain parts of the Holy Spirit and began to America; in the east it is Response: Increase our vispeak . . . there were added against the Jew and Italian; in sion, Lord. unto them in that day about the south, the Negro, the souththree thousand souls. And they west the Mexican, and the west, May we become increasingly continued stedfastly." This is the Orientals. aware of the great injustices done to those of other racial the opening of a rapidly moving groups in our community.

story filled with choices and ac- Response: Help us, 0 Lord. tions that turned the world up- Prayer (in unison): side down and redirected the o God, who hast made man in course of events even to our day. thine own likeness and who dost What about ourselves? It is love all whom Thou hast made, suffer us not, because of differnow so many days since the cele- ence in race, color or condition, bration of Easter. We have in to separate ourselves from oth- ers and thereby from Thee; but our churches heard the story of teach us the unity of thy family. As thy Son our Saviour, was the Ascension and we now cele- born of a Hebrew mother and brate Whitsuntide. Will we be ministered first to his brethren of the House of Israel, and also conscious of such overwhelming rejoiced in the faith of a Syropower within us, that in our day phenician woman and a Roman new ventures in right living will soldier, teach us also while lov- ing and serving our own, to enbegin? If not, are we dead? Or, ter into the communion of the whole human family. And forare we acting in accordance with bid that, from pride of birth and hardness of heart, we should deour strength to foster the good spise any for whom Christ died life for ourselves and for our or injure any in whom He lives. Amen. MORNAY WILLIAMS. immediate neighbors?

Are we making a good story of our living these days?

"We hear these men talking of STUDENT. BALLARD NORMAL, the triumphs of God in our own MARION, GA. languages!" (Acts 2: 11.) [ 320 ]

BULLETIN OF THE COUNCIL OF WOMEN FOR HOME MISSIONS

CAN THIS BE TRUE? do.es life mean to. me?" Let us In a leaflet published by the put o.ur experience into. wo.rds; Co.mmissio.n o.n Race Relatio.ns, no.t necessarily in verse but Federal Co.uncil o.f the Churches within a hundred wo.rds. Then o.f Christ there are sto.ries be- let us co.nsider what we have lieved to. be true and to. be typi- written, and ask, Can this be cal o.f what is happening in true? And what have I, a Chrismany parts o.f so.-called Chris- tian, do.ne to. be wo.rthy o.f life? tian America – no.rth, e a s t, What abo.ut the sto.ry o.f o.ur so.uth, west. The purpo.se o.f the lives, when day is do.ne?

leaflet is to. stimulate a real WHAT THE GOVERNMENT study o.f the situatio.n in every IS DOING co.mmunity where Negro.es are (East Tennessee News, Jan.

living, particularly in regard to. 16, 1936) the health facilities, the ho.spital In the annual repo.rt of the situatio.n, the Negro do.cto.rs Department Qf Co.mmerce are available, and the type o.f serv- included the fQllowing develQP- ice rendered by the citizens ments in the DivisiQn o.f Negro.

thro.ugh public funds. Church Affairs: members have influence no.t o.nly The Negro. bureau's wQrk has thro.ugh church o.rganizatio.ns co.nsisted Qf furnishing infQrma- but as vo.ters, as taxpayers, as J. R. Scot/ord tiQn Qn the race's eCQnQmic sta- contributo.rs o.f mo.ney and sup- ON FARM. AMERICAN MISSIONARY ASSO- tus. This has included lists Qf CIATION. BRICKS. )lORTH CAROLINA publicatio.ns, theaters, h 0. m e plies to. ho.spitals, as members o.f women's clubs, and o.ther co.m- Qwnership and tenancy, furnishmunity o.rganizatiQns. SINGERS IN THE DAWN ing o.f infQrmatiQn to. citizens Qn The edito.r believes the fo.llo.w- man y government alphabet ing quo.tation to. be a true sto.ry. Selectio.ns fro. m American The co.llege dean o.f wo.men re- PQets, Phillis Wheatley, Paul agencies, estimates and analyses ferred to. was a perso.nal friend Laurence Dunbar and Qthers o.f the purchasing PQwer o.f the and a Christian leader effective race, addresses to. business gathin changing life bo.th fo.r her are available in a pamphlet (10 erings, etc. Secretary RQper white and co.lo.red f r i end s, cents per co.py). with the title, amo.ng who.m she numbered Singers in the Dawn – A Brief lists additio.nal develo.pments Chinese and Indian leaders. during the year, including the The sto.ry is headed "It Never Supplement to. the Study o.f emplQying of mo.re than 2,000 Occurred to. Them" – "F 0. U r American Literature, prepared yo.ung peo.ple, three o.f them stu- in 1934 by RQbert B. Eleazer. It in tempo.rary white co.llar pro.jdents and the fo.urth their co.l- is published by the CQnference ects during the year, establishlege dean o.f wo.men, moto.ring ment Qf the Qffice Qf Specialist thro.ugh a rural section o.f the on Education and Race Relaco.untry – a co.llision with an- tiQns, Standard Bldg., Atlanta, in Negro. Statistics with Charles o.ther car – the dean and a stu- Geo.rgia. E. Hall in charge, a bibliQgraphy dent critically injured – picked up by kindly hands and rushed Do. yo.u kno.w Paul Laurence Qf Negro. business, a rQster o.f to. the nearest tQwn-the best Dunbar's "Life"? physicians giving their service Negro. air pilo.ts and a list of in emergency treatment. Here co.nventiQn dates. Advice has the picture changes. FrQm the do.cto.rs' Qffices they were taken LIFE also. been given to. perso.ns interto. a small co.ttage, where o.ne was put in a bed, the o.ther Qn a A crust of bread and a corner to sleep ested in entering business, an co.uch, in the care Qf a 'practi- in, assistant business specialist was cal' nurse. Near by stood a well equipped ho.spital. It never o.c- A minute to smile and an hour to appo.inted, a study was begun o.f curred to. the kindly docto.rs o.r weep in, licensed Negro. air pilo.ts to fur- A pint of joy to a peck of trouble, And never a laugh but the moans ther the develQpment Qf flying, and a PQlicy was adQpted o.f us- come double: ing co.lQred enumerators and su- And that is life!

A crust and a corner that love makes pervisQrs in the census Qf Amer- precious, ican business nQW being under- With the smile to warm and the tears taken thrQugho.ut the cQuntry.

to refresh us; The Charles Lamb story and the And joy seems sweeter when cares litany are quoted from Suggestions come after, for Building a Program in Race Re- And a moan is the finest of foils :(or lations for Young People, prepared laughter: to.wnspeo.ple to ask fo.r the ad- And that is life! for the observance of Race Relations Sunday, February, 1936. Meetings missio.n o.f these dying wo.men to. No.w that we have read this based on a community survey, a panel the ho.spital, where scientific expressio.n o.f life based Qn ac- discussion and an opinion test are facilities and expert care might also suggested in the leaflet available have saved at least o.ne life, be- tual experience, the necessity at 105 East 22d St., New York, for cause that ho.spital'do.es nQt re- 3 cents each or $2 Der hundred. The ceive colo.red peo.ple.' " arises fo.r each tho ugh t f u I material is good· for any day in the reader to. ask himself, "What year.

~'I===============

II! Our World–wide Outlook A Missionary Newspaper of Current Events .:It EDITED BY MRS. HENRIETTA H. FERGUSON, XENIA, OHIO "

~I~~===~–====~=-~=========~ AFRICA results from lack of religious Testaments, Gospels and other Scrip- teaching and they said that tures where no one has ever gone be- Religious Liberty in Egypt there is only one way of com- fore, a great, new field. Again and bating this constantly progress- again the devil tempted me to give up, King Fuad, of Egypt, died on ing evil-"The Word." A non- but the prayers of those at home April 28th, and his sixteen-year- reading population has no he:ped me to keep going. . . . old son, Prince Farouk, a stu- resources to fall back upon when dent in England, has succeeded the floods of evil break in. There I met a man whom I baptized when him. has followed a revival in Arabic at Tamanrasset years ago, and am reading. The desire to read has delighted to find him going on well Fourteen – fifteenths of the extended even to women, and and studying the Scriptures. population of Egypt are Mo- many girls are now going to hammedans. The State religion Koranic schools. At the meeting I am busy translating portions of is Islam. The constitution of mentioned above, a woman de- Scripture and visiting camps of 1922 guarantees religious lib- livered a "Khutba" (Mosque Tuaregs, with medicines and Scriperty, but that does not mean all sermon) creating quite a sensa- tUres. The chiefs have given me a that we in America understand tion. good reception. I have met Arabs by liberty. There is adequate from Nigeria and Lake Chad, and legal procedure for a non-Mos- This movement is full of pos- many Tuaregs who have previously lem to become a Moslem and sibilities for every new reader received Scriptures. Almost every hundreds of the poorer classes of the Koran may become a day visitors come and request Scripeach year embrace Islam. This reader of the Gospel. Every tures. is to be expected in a country reader of Moslem literature towhere all preferment in govern- day may become a reader of Evangelizing a Large Tribe ment, society and even in busi- Christian literature tomorrow. ness is given to members of the The World Survey reports dominant faith. But the Mos- -Blessed Be Egypt. that the native church in the lem authorities take the position Mossi tribe of French West that it is inconceivable that any Opportunity in the Sahara Africa has begun to expand. Moslem would desire to become The tribe is one of the largest in a Christian. Apostocacy from Mr. Dugald Cam p bell, French West Africa and is Islam is still punishable by F.R.G.S., an agent of the Na- mostly found in the Upper Volta death though this penalty is not tional Bible Society of Scotland, Territory. It numbers approxiofficially recognized. describes his recent journey mately 1,500,000 or more. A from Morocco across the Sa- good deal of the New Testament Too many difficult questions hara: has already been translated into are involved for British authori- the Mossi dialect, and is availties to deal with the situation, I am in one of the hottest corners able for the native church. A and the law giving a Moslem the in Africa, after crossing a most ter- beginning has been made with right to become a Christian can rible desert. Once or twice I won- other literature. Reading classes be evaded, or nullified in prac- dered if I could ever get through are held at all mission and outtice. The real solution lies in the alive. It was over 1400 in the sun stations, and Bible training creation of enlightened public and 120 0 in the shade. On the last schools are held at each mission opinion. day, I galloped on my racing camel station where there is a resident ahead of my caravan, hopinp' to reach mIsSIOnary. The young men In Algiers the oasis where distant palms spoke who have attended these Bible of water. I have been drinking the schools are now realizing that Last November there was in most horrible liquid, smelling and the evangelization of their peo- Algiers an important gathering tasting like nothing natural, and my ple rests upon them and not exof the "Ulema" and Moslem mouth and palate were shrive:led up. clusively upon the missionary. celebrities, who came from all When I got to this oasis the Tuareg This beginning of widespread parts of Algeria. There was in chief brought me delicious sour progress in the Mossi tribe has all the speeches the same note of curdled milk, well watered, that tasted aroused some opposition from concern – even alarm over the like nectar. I sat on my mat singing Roman Catholics. The village devastating impact of modern and shouting, "Praise the Lord" in work is more progressive than civilization. All agreed that this Arabic. that in the larger centers of pop- ulation, and the Mossi people as Through the 60 oases of Touat was a whole are open to the Gospel. a time of unique opportunities and Every effort is being made to good work for the Master, and of teach the native Christians to pioneering for the Gospel. It has been a joy that I have circulated Bibles, [322 ]

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

read and to build up a literate wife of the Government Agent mighty surgings toward a new Church. for South Africa. It is in charge and better hfe. The old order is of a C. M. S. missionary, Dr. doomed and the shackles of big- Hausa Bible Bears Fruit Alma Downes Shaw, and she has otry, intolerance, ignorance and been assisted by British, Indian superstition are everywhere be- The "Hausa" Bible has al- and African helpers. So far, ing broken. Syria is awakening ready brought excellent results the accommodation for in-pa- from the long sleep of the cenin Nigeria. During 1932, when tients is very limited, but there turies, and everywhere we see it first appeared, there were 60 have been more than 3,000 at- abundant evidence of a new and decisions for Christ at J os, in tendances of out-patients. better day." Southern Baptists the Bishara day school and have work at two centers: a church. During 1933, there A free lending library in the small Baptist church in Beirut were 61 decisions; in 1934, 103, out-patient waiting-room con- and one between the Lebanon and for 1935 the number re- tains copies of the Scriptures in and anti-Lebanon mountains. corded is 143. The great ma- a ¥ariety of languages and other jority of these were young men Christian books in English, Kis- – Watchman-Examiner. who had been reading the Hausa wahili and Gujerati. The doc- Bible. From among them con- tor finds a warm welcome when Rapid Growth of Haifa verts have gone to other regions, she is able to visit her patients. helping others to read and wit- Some one following the exnessing for Christ while they -The Life of Faith. ample of Paul, "to the Jew first," work for their daily bread. led a young rabbinical student WESTERN ASIA of Jerusalem to Christ. He came At a gold mining camp, the to America, graduated from the proprietor had put up a sign: What Every Turkish Girl Moody Bible Institute, then re- "N0 missionaries allowed," but Should Know turned to his own land to witthese young men went in as ness to his people; He is now miners and worked as mission- In a drive to improve their located in Haifa. Of this city he aries also. The Hausa tribe is students' moral outlook, the writes: largely Moslem. headmasters of all girls' high schools in Smyrna have jointly "Haifa is rapidly enlarging its -Evangelical Christian. sent a number of recommenda- borders and the eyes of the in- tions to parents. According to coming Jews are being set to- Idols Destroyed these, no schoolgirl should go to wards it. Little suburbs are be- a cinema unless she goes with ing built up around it. The Former pupils of the Etinan her school or is accompanied by Jews from· Germany are build- Bible Institute, Qua Iboe Mis- an adult member of her family. ing a nice little settlement on the sion, central Africa, are in If men try to talk to her on the Haifa Bay. Near our house a charge of schools of their own. street she ought to tell her par- new quarter came into being A missionary writes: "It is an ents or the headmaster. She under the charming name of encouragement to us to see these should not talk to a young man Kiriath Eliahu (Elijah's City). pupils going on faithfully with on the street, even if he happens As a matter of fact, every street their work amid growing diffi- to be a relative, unless he is her has new houses on it. What is culties. They work in much the own brother. She ought always true of Haifa is true of other same spirit, and use the same to wear her school cap, to pre- cities that are open to the Jews." methods that have been a fea- vent her being taken to a police ture of our Institute. Our wom- station in case she chances to be -Moody Institute Bulletin. en's Sunday school goes on stead- included in a police raid! The ily. The members contributed parents' attention is called to the Education in Iran over £3 during the year for evan- fact that the Turkish woman's gelism in Igala." The elders of real beauty resides in her sim- Constant progress in educathe Etinan church have ap- plicity. Their daughters should, tion is shown by the fact that in proved 800 candidates for bap- therefore, refrain from wearing 1910 the number of primary tism, after examination. loud colors, extravagant orna- schools numbered only 112, with ments, rings, earrings, or to 10,531 pupils, of whom 2,167 Eleven boys have been sent paint their faces and nails. were girls. The two secondary out to unoccupied villages, and schools in the country enrolled almost everywhere they have Syria Awakening 154 pupils. Higher education preached, idols and ju-jus are was limited to a faculty of medibeing burnt, and large numbers Dr. Charles E. Maddry, Ex- cine, a polytechnic and a miliare attending the services. ecutive Secretary of the South- tary school. Under the reign of ern Baptist Foreign Mission Shah Riza Pehliwi, the number -The Christian. Board who is visiting the mis- of schools has increased to well sion fields, writes that Syria is over 4,000 with over 200,000 New C. M. S. Work in Kenya in the midst of a rebirth. "It pupils of whom one-third are is an old land in the count of girls. Secondary and higher In February, 1935, a hospital years, yet along with many other education have registered a corfor Indian women and children old lands today, it is in the responding advance. was opened at Mombasa by Lady Singh, a Christian Indian lady,

INDIA, BURMA AND SIAM cided there were certain things the Depressed Classes," with a they must know," says a writer fund of a million rupees ($375,- World's Largest Hindu Temple in World Call. "One was the 000) and 1,000 Moslem evan- Lord's Prayer. Experience is a gelists, each giving 20 years of A new temple is to be erected great teacher and we soon found his life to work among the 54,- in Benares, near the Hindu Uni- that they were not able to learn 000,000 outcastes. versity. The building, designed that at once. Therefore we by Calcutta architects, will em- chose this sentence prayer, 'Oh, Life without caste is difficult body the best features of Hindu God, make my heart clean. In for them to comprehend. Said architecture and will cost about Jesus' name.' This was learned an Indian to a missionary re- $750,000. It is expected to be by all of the women including cently: "When one believes in the largest temple in the world, some of the non-Christians. Christ and wants to follow Him and will draw many more pil- Now a number of the Christians do you bring him into Christ's grims to Benares. know the Lord's Prayer and the caste?" rest are learning it. Missions asks whether this Through One Man's Witness new temple may possibly fore- "Recently one of these nonshadow a revival of Hinduism. Christian women, who has al- About two years ago, a Cha- ways attended the meetings, mar, who had been led to Christ Famous Norwegian Missionary brought her daughter-in-law to through a Christian sweeper, the hospital in Bilaspur. Just started a movement among his Paul Olaf Bodding, Lutheran before the operation, Dr. Nicho- own class. Through this man's missionary to Santal, went to son explained to them how they testimony Chamars from neighthat field from Norway in 1889, always prayed to God before boring villages became inquirwhen he was 24. Here are some starting the work and asked ers. A group of about forty of the things he has done in 46 them to bow their heads. The men and women from two vilyears: mother-in-law said, 'Oh, yes, I lages expressed their desire to know what it is to pray.' She become Christians. Later, fierce (1) He made and revised a com- stood very reverently and when persecution from the caste peoplete translation of the Bible into the prayer was finished, she her- ple partially stamped out the Santhali. (2) He revised a San- self prayed, 'Oh, God, make my movement; but during the past thali dictionary of 13,500 words. (3) heart clean. In Jesus' name.''' year it has revived and has He has written a standard book of spread from village to village. doctrine. (4) He has published a Depressed Classes on the Move Mrs. G. S. Ingram writes of this volume of studies in Santal medicine work in the C. M. S. Outlook: and folklore. (5) He has collected Since the movement of the and placed in Oslo, Norway, the Depressed Classes away from "Many of the new Christians largest ethnographical museum of Hinduism, under the leadership have grown in grace during the Santals in the world. (6) He is an of Dr. Ambedkar, invitations past months in a way that has authority in census taking. (7) He have been given them to join amazed us, and filled us with has published a Santal hymnal. Mohammedanism or Buddhism. thankfulness. They are learn- Large numbers in North India ing to pray; the few who can All these tasks are by- had previously become Moham- read are not only feeding on the products of his ministry. His medan, attracted by the fact Word of God themselves but are chief work has been that of the that Mohammedanism does not teaching others; they are learnordinary missionary-teaching, recognize caste. ing to give to God's work out of preaching and various acts of their deep poverty, to stand permercy. He has received recog- If the present ferment is secution, and to win others for nition in various ways: King merely a social or political up- Christ. None of them has yet Haakon made him a Knight of heaval, obviously C h r i s t ian been baptized, except the orig- St. Olav; King George gave him forces can play no part in it. inal Chamar." the Delhi Royal Medal. He is Nor do they want the Harijans an honorary member of the Brit- to feel that Christianity can be Movement Toward Union ish and Foreign Bible Society bartered for mass conversions and of the Norwegian Academy but that conversion is a purely A movement for union of of Science. He is a Fellow of spiritual change of heart in the Anglican and Met hod i s t the Asiatic Society of Bengal individual. Churches in Burma, along the and a member of the Council of line of the South India plan, is this Society and its anthropolog- A Hindu newspaper recently being held up owing to the postical secretary. He is a member had a cartoon picturing Dr. Am- ponement of negotiations in of the Royal Asiatic Society, the bedkar as a judge with a gavel, South India. The Methodist American Oriental Society, of while all around are groups rep- Mission is working solely in the the Bihar and Orissa Research resenting the different religions dry zone, or central belt of Society and the Bombay An- making flattering bids. Moham- Burma. The Anglican Church thropological Society. His motto medans have a "50 year plan" is working largely in Lower is Luke 17: 10. calling for 100,000 members in Burma through the Society for a society named "The Moslem the Propagation of the Gospel, -Lutheran News Service. Mission for the Emancipation of which also has a strong mission Learning to Pray "When the Murhipar women started to accept Christ, we de-

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

in Mandalay, the Methodist operative rate being only one is a passport to regions which headquarters. In the far north, and a fifth per cent. Loans have otherwIse he dare not visit. -E. M. M. S. Quarterly. as well as in the coastal district also helped to build dwellings of Arakan, it is also represented and pay children's tuition. Healing on Wheels through the Bible Churchmen's Mr. Wang hopes for the day Rev. George W. Shepherd and Missionary Society. The latter when all the members will be Dr. Clara Sargent Shepherd, of free of outside debts and can Lichwan, Kiangsi, China, have mission has now been at work borrow for constructive or pro- received the gift of an up-to-date for eleven and a half years in ductive purposes. He adds: motor ambulance from Edsel hitherto untouched areas; there "We hold fast to our conviction ~'ord for country work in China. is a growing Christian commu- that the cooperative movement Five minutes after its arrival it nity of some 300 converts of 18 has its share in bringing China was on the road to Kiangsi. It different races. The Bishop of to Christ and building HIS King- had to "ford" rivers, wait for Rangoon, formerly a jungle mis- dom on earth." broken bridges to be repaired, sionary to the K are n s, is and narrowly escaped capture strongly in favor of developing Medicine – A Door for by bandit troops said to be comthe indigenous Church along the Gospel munistic. The Shanghai Muself-supporting lines. nicipality gave the Shepherds There were no doctors among license plates and drivers' li- Effort also was made to ef- the pioneers of the China Inland censes free of charge. Up to fect a Baptist union of India, Mission which Hudson Taylor January 1, this health car had Burma and Ceylon, at a meeting tounded in 1865. It was not traveled over 1,200 miles on erin Balasore, February 16, 1936, until 1880 with the arrival of when a simple constitution was drafted.

CHINA Dr. Harold Schofield that med- rands of mercy. ical work was attempted. The -MissiotUZry llerald.

Millions Without Food attitude of Hudson Taylor to- The New York Times (April ward medical, and all auxiliary Country Evangelism 19) reports wholesale suicides work was, in his own words and "mercy" slayings in Szech- "that everything that is human, World Call tells of the Young wan f'rovince, which is suffering everything outside the suffi- People's Christian Fellowship of the worst famine in China's his- ciency of Christ, is only helpful Nantungchow, w h i c h divides tory. The authorities fear 15,- in the measure in which it en- into two groups to visit near-by OOU,OOO will die unless the en- ables us to bring the soul to Him. villages in rotation on Sunday tire resources of the nation are . . . If our medical missions afternoons. Each group has a devoted to relief. With tree draw people to us, and we can leader, a nurse and singers. bark, roots and grasses long present to them the Christ of They carry a medical hit, posters since exhausted, dying thou- God, medical missions are a and song sheets. On arriving at sands allegedly are reduced to blessing; but to substitute medi- a village some members of the cooking and eating human flesh cine for the preaching of the group visit in the homes to get from the bodies of relatives, gospel would be a profound mis- acquainted, while the nurse dead through starvation. Par- take." opens the medical kit. This soon ents are said to have slain their draws a crowd, among whom children before ending their Rev. F. Houghton, editorial are sure to be those needing secretary of the C. 1. M., spent medical attention. After a busy own lives. most of 1935 traveling in 12 hour of clinical work which in- Chinese provinces, and reports cludes the distribution of free Officials say that the situation instance after instance of preju- hospital clinic cards to those in primarily is a result of Com- dices removed and new doors need of further medical attenmunist incursions during the opened through medical work, tion, members of the band form past two years, in which the of men and women whose phys- a circle, sing a song or two, un- Reds overran the land. The area ical healing has prepared them roll the poster, give the story today is barren. Not a sheep, for the salvation of their souls, with a simple gospel message, pig, fowl or crop remains. The and of Chinese doctors occupy- and teach the children how to invaders .took all of. these and ing positions of leadership in the sing an easy song. ate the seed grain. churches. One doctor, whose A Christian Cooperative hospital was closed through the Newchwang Bible School approach of Communist armies, The pastor of St. Lioba's Epis- refused to allow his activities to The sixth year of the Newch-= copal Church, Wuhu, has helped be curbed, and in country itin- wang Bible School, Manchuria, to organize a credit cooperative. erations among p eo pIe who has been marked by many out- The burden of debt is heavy would have feared to visit the standing evidences of success. among the Chinese; most of the hospital he treated over four The student body of 1935 was loans have been made to clear thousand patients. Another, on representative of ten different up debts for which a high rate the Tibetan border, is constantly missions. In the first half of the of interest was charged, the co- discovering that his medical skill year there were 100 students in

the school. Twelve graduated in Special permission is given to Japan Diet held its first session the summer: one is working missionary workers to board the and the Emperor's Edict on with the Canadian Mission, an- large passenger liners which Education was issued, clarifying other with the American Re- visit ports on the Pacific coast. Japanese ideas toward educaformed Presbyterian Mission, These liners carry up to 1,200 tion and stimUlating interest in three with the Scottish Mission, passengers. Some are lonely it. When Miss Bigelow, the and seven with the Irish Mis- and fearful of the hidden future, "mother" of this school, was sent sion. Altogether 53 students and therefore doubly receptive from Tokyo to take up the duties have graduated from the school of a friendly greeting and the of Principal in 1899, fear was since it started. In the autumn loving gift of a Gospel. Many expressed for "such a young 31 new students entered, and of them travel home again, and lady in such a remote mountaintwenty-four students of the fifth therefore carry the Word of God ous place." However, armed class went out for a term's evan- to their distant homes. with the first teaching-license isgelistic work. One of these went sued by the Minister of Educato work among the Mongols. A Oustom Worth Oopying tion, Miss Bigelow was in no During the past six months he danger of failing, as her fortyhas traveled on foot 700 miles, They have a custom in the four years of varied service have and preached the Gospel to Mon- little Japanese church at Ko- shown. The honor she received golians of seven different dia- machi that might well be copied from the Government in 1920 lects. Two others went to work in America-that of giving spe- and from the Tokyo Women's in North Manchuria; one has cial gifts of money as expres- Union in 1925, and the many held meetings at six centers, has sions of gratitude on different gifts showered upon her by preached the Gospel in forty- occasions. Practically all of the graduates, teachers and students seven villages, and paid visits to members give birthday money, upon her retirement in 1930 are 1,700 homes. Through his work says Miss Katharine Merrill, of only a small indication of how over 200 people have put away Matsuyama. A list of some of well she has succeeded. their idols and turned to the the "specials" includes: "25th Lord. wedding anniversary," "f irs t Ohanged Lives in Hakodate birthday of a baby daughter," Students manifest a keen "wedding gift," "fifth anniver- Floyd Shacklock, Methodist evangelistic spirit. Each day sary of a husband's death" (in missionary to Japan, tells of a they take part in some Christian memoriam) ; gratitude for "safe recent visit to a social center activity, such as Gospel-hall arrival in Tokyo," for the "grad- opened in the worst slum section preaching, open-air work, cot- uation of a son from high of Hakodate, after the disastage meetings, hospital visita- school," "gratitude gift from an trous fire when 100,000 people tion and personal dealing. Many unbaptized young Christian," were made homeless and several of them spent their holiday pe- "gift of thanksgiving" from a thousand were dead or missing. riods in evangelistic work. A deacon whose church has just prayer atmosphere pervades the been able to get a regular pastor. In the kindergarten and day school. The leader of the women nursery, children who n in e students' Prayer Groups reports -American Board News. months before were antisocial 100 definite answers to special little s a vag e s, fighting and petitions, some of them most re- The "Light and Salt School" throwing sand and calling vile markable. -The Christian. names, now join in cooperative In Shimonoseki an earnest games and handicraft. This JAPAN-OHOSEN Christian, interested in religious refugee community was dis- training for girls, founded a tinctly hostile to Christianity Ways of Spreading the Gospel school which he called The when the work was begun after "Light and Salt School" and the fire, but now the barriers are In Japan there are eight which, in 1881, he moved to down. Boys' clubs, girls' clubs standard classes for scholars Yamaguchi. He began his teach- and adults' groups carryon a learning to read, and the system ing of English in a temple, and varied program. Though many of education in reading is highly patiently worked on until he of these slum people are stilllivcomplicated and difficult; so managed to get a school license, ing at so Iowa level that it is almuch so that there is need for a although there was great opposi- most revolting, they are facing Scripture translation in collo- tion since there was already a toward the more abundant life. Quial Japanese. This is now small school for girls in that available through the Scripture city and another was thought -The Christian Advocate. Gift Mission and a Japanese unnecessary. It happened that Christian translator. This Mis- the Governor of the province Enlists Youth Against sion is taking advantage of the had had two years of study in Oommunism opportunity to distribute Gos- America and was a good friend pels among the large numbers of of the "father" of the school, so Prof. Paul Rusch, of St. Paul's Japanese who are migrating he gave the license without con- University, Tokyo, believes that from the homeland, chiefly to sultation, merely informing the the world battleground against Brazil and California. officials that it had been granted. communism is certain to be the This was the year in which the Orient. There is increasing evi- dence, he said, that a war with

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

communism will be fought in the Bible institutes and girls from a sea captain cruising around Far East, and that Japan will the higher Bible school and their bent on conquest; such is Palabe the buffer against its growth. Bible institute have regularly wan, southwesternmost and one The chief element which has an worked. Tent evangelism has of the largest of the Philippine opportunity to combat commu- been taken up within the last Islands. The census records nism in the Orient, he declared, two or three years. It has about 75,000 people in the provis the Christian youth move- yielded wonderful results in ince, but the true figure seems ment. He has recently an- Chairyung and Taiku fields, and to lie nearer 175,000, certainly nounced that he will enlist to some extent in Chungju. over 150,000. Nobody knows 100,000 young Japanese in a how many are in the wild and Christian movement to combat Every hospital in Korea has ever-moving tribes of the mounthe red menace. one or more evangelists work- tains. Only one tribe has a ing in their wa:iting rooms and written language. Aside from Strange Sect Dissolved wards. Scores of new churches a haphazard planting of rice have grown from this work. In they take no interest in the cul- Japan has a queer religion Pyengyang, each month 5,000 tivation of foodstuffs, being called Omotokyo which has been copies of a little paper called the satisfied with what the ground described as "a combination of "Light of Pyengyang" are sent brings forth – roots and nuts, Shintoism, Chauvinism, mega- out. Special workers circulate and such meat as they are able lomania and mesmerism, found- among the homes where stu- to capture. ed by a half crazy, illiterate old dents are boarding and try to woman and propagated by a win them. Thus in many ways The apostle to Palawan is shrewd man of the world." Its the work goes steadily on. Capt. Ellis Skoefield, and he remembership has been estimated ports steady growth. Christian to be as high as two millions. -The Presbyterian Banner. believers at this center are erect- But its supporters r e c e n t I y ing a building for church servfound that divine reincarnations ISLANDS OF THE PACIFIC ices. From another center it is sometimes have their disadvan- reported that eighteen were retages. Since the leader of the The Sarawak Field cently baptized, and the memsect claims to be the reincarna- bers there have donated a lot on tion of a primeval god of Japan Sarawak in Borneo is one of which they have almost comwho preceded the sun goddess, the most unique pieces of mis- pleted the erection of a chapel, ancestress of the present im- sion work that the Christian all the expense of the work beperial family, the sect was dis- Church has to its credit. Thirty- ing met by local Christians. In solved, and its leader held on five years ago Chinese Christian the northern part of the island charges including lese majeste. colonists began to settle in Sara- special meetings have been held, wak. A year after these people with as many as 200 gathered to -The Living Church. landed, James M. Hoover, a hear the Word. you n g Methodist missionary A Year of Jubilee from Malaya, volunteered to go -Moody Institute Monthly. to Borneo to work with them. The year 1934 was really ,a Working practically alone Mr. Alliance Mission in J 010 jubilee year in Korean churches. and Mrs. Hoover have developed The General Assembly of 1935 a Christian community up and The Christian and Missionary reported 25,544 additions to the down the Rejang River that is Alliance report a large, new total of 1934 – 298,431 adher- a r em ark a b I e achievement. church built in Jolo, P. I., dients. In the 3,252 Sunday Forty-six school and church cen- rected by a capable native passchools, 296,492 pupils were re- ters now stand as a monument tor. Two new chapels have been ported. Four hundred and to their thirty-four years of built and a new district opened twenty-six pastors were in active faithful and efficient service. in the Cotabato Province. In service besides 62 retired or the Margosatubig field there temporarily without c h a r g e. At the age of 64, Mr. Hoover were 97 baptisms. Thirteen Four hundred and ninety-four succumbed to malignant malaria, convicts in the San Ramon other salaried men workers and but anticipating the need for Prison were baptized during the 524 women served the church. younger shoulders to carry the year, the result of the Sunday Fully 200. new churches were burden he had selected a couple school classes held each week at erected. The new believers were from Malaya to begin work in this institution. Twenty-five not won in mass conversion, but 1936. They are now enthusias- converts were baptized in the each one independently made his tically serving in this challeng- Sulu District. Full gospel tracts, . or her own covenant with the ing field. Plans include the es- in five dialects, have been Lord, each witnessing to his tablishment of a new station 160 printed and sent into homes. neighbor. miles up the Rejang River. Five young native pastors Street evangelism has been in -Malaysia Message. were ordained this year, the operation the past 10 years, and first ordination service in the theological stUdents, boys from Pioneering in Palawan history of the Alliance Philipthe college and academy and pine Mission. Plans have been A great lonely island, tens Of formulated to carry the gospel thousands of aborigines with bows and arrows and blow guns;

to unreached pagan sections this sion in giving hit bottom in authority of the Scriptures. (2) 1934 and turned upward in 1935. The Trinity, including the Deity year. -Alliance Weekly. Total gifts last year increased of Christ and the Personality of over the previous year for the the Holy Spirit. (3) The fall Missionary Home Needed first time since 1928, a'ccording of man, his moral depravity, and to an analysis by the department his need of regeneration. (4) The Christian group in Hono- of research and education of the The Atonement through the sublulu believe that an interdenom- Federal Council of Churches. stitutionary death of Christ. inational missionary home and (5) Justification by faith in a Bible school at this strategic During the seven-year slump, Christ, apart from works. (6) crossroads of the Pacific would contributions for congregational The bodily resurrection of render a valuable service. Such expenses stood up better than Christ, and also of the saved and a home would afford an oppor- gifts for benevolences. the unsaved. (7) The unending tunity for missionaries to rest life of the saved and the unendin a congenial atmosphere before The Moravians set a record ing punishment of the unsaved. continuing their arduous work. for per capita giving in 1928 (8) The personal, bodily and Many have no reason to come all when collections a v era g e d visible return of Christ. the way to America for their $72.53 a member. No other furloughs. group in any year approached -The Presbyterian. that mark. There is also great need of a Methodist Union Voted Bible school for young people, How the Churches Gave mostly Hawaiian, Chinese, Jap- The quadrennial General Conanese, Korean and Filipino, The U nit e d Stewardship ference of the Methodist -Episamong the 85,000 students in the Council reports the gifts for re- copal Church which met recently public and private schools, who ligious purposes of the leading in Columbus, Ohio, voted to would like to prepare for full- denominations in the United adopt a plan for union with the time Christian service in the States for the year 1935. Per Methodist Episcopal Church, Islands and in the Orient. There capita gifts for all purposes of South, and the Methodist Protare several well-equipped Bible some of the larger denomina- estant Church if this plan is teachers in Honolulu who teach tions were as follows: United adopted by the other two Meththe Bible as the Word of God. Presbyterian Church, $21.56 ; odist Assemblies. The merger The missionaries also might the Presbyterian Church in the will be completed in 1940. The serve as teachers, with little or United States, $19.03; the Pres- Methodist Protestant Church no salary, on the faculty of such byterian Church in the United split from the American Metha Bible school. States of America, $18.56 ; odist in 1921 because of dis- Methodist Episcopal Church, agreement in regard to lay rep- -The Presbyterian. $14.15; Methodist Episcopal resentation. Their General Con- Church, Sou t h, $9.36; the ference will vote on this at their NORTH AMERICA Northern Baptist denomination, meeting in High Point, N. C. $11.34; the Southern Baptist The Methodist E pis cop a I Campaign Against Atheism denomination, $5.76. The larg- Ghurch, South, broke away in est per capita gift of any denom- 1845 on account of disagreement At a recent meeting held in ination listed is that of the as to slavery. They will not Richmond, Va., in old St. John's Church of the Nazarene, $26.77. meet to vote on the plan of re- Church, made famous by Patrick The lowest is that of the South- union until 1938. In case the Henry's speech, "Give Me Lib- ern Baptist denomination, $5.76. union is completed, the united erty or Give Me Death," a cam- The total gifts for all purposes church will number about eight paign was launched against of twenty – five denominations million members. The plan is atheism and communism in the listed were $304,692,409.21. chiefly opposed by Negro Meth- United States. odists because it proposes to set Union of "Faith Missions" up a jurisdictional Negro Con- Among the leaders behind the ference which will segregate movement are Bishop Freeman, The International Foreign them from the rest of the Methof Washington; Bishop Tucker, Mission Association of North odist Church. of Virginia; Bishop Edwin America brings together for Mouzon, of the Methodist Epis- counsel and reference sixteen Largest Church Federation copal Church; the Rev. John nondenominational mission en- Fraser, Baltimore University terprises. More than two thou- The Chicago Federation ,of Baptist Church; Max Reich, sand missionaries are sent but Churches is said to be the President of the Hebrew Church under these sixteen Boards. largest and most influential city Alliance, and' others. Efforts They administer over a million federation in the country. A rewill be made to enlist all clergy- dollars annually, and go into ligious census just made of Chimen in a fight against commu- many of the out-of-the-way cor- cago indicates that there are nism and all forms of atheism. ners of the world. The doctrinal 1,437 Protestant churches in the basis of them all is: (1) The metropolitan area, with a mem- -The Living Church. plenary inspiration and divine Upward Trend in Giving Gauged by contributions to Protestant churches, the depres-

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

bership of practically 600,000. chapel group, of which there are Church to Jom the Baptist The membership of the Chicago sixteen, may more completely Church, saying: "After reading Church Federation has risen understand and enjoy their serv- the Scriptures we have confrom 850 two years ago to 1,049 ices. cluded the Roman Church is not churches, representing 18 dif- the one instituted by Jesus ferent denominations. The total Goodwill Industries is a wel- Christ." number of Protestant ministers fare organization sponsored by serving churches in the city and the Home Missionary Society of A Baptist pastor writes that suburbs is 1,765. the First M. E. Church, of Los one evening last May a farmer Angeles. It is interdenomina- called and asked him to preach Mr. Walter R. Mee is Execu- tional in scope and provides in the village of Ste. Rosalie tive Secretary of the Federation work for men and women who where about 90 families were inand is now in the 18th year of are for the most part incapaci- terested in hearing the Gospel. his service. He has done a most tated for other work. After many weeks and after remarkable work in bringing further invitations by letter this the churches together in a uni- Home for Indians pastor went to the village, and fied program, and in keeping a found a real desire to know the balanced budget. -Advance. Friends' work among Indians truth. is not new, but that in Los An- Help for Miners' Children geles it is new. It was begun by The work has expanded, and Myra Frye, full-blooded Kicka- neighboring villages have asked "Save the Children," an or- poo Indian who was reared and for Protestant preaching. ganization with national head- educated by two women missionquarters at 156 Fifth Avenue, aries in what was once Indian Chinese Want Consolidation New York, which has long been Territory. Myra prepared for doing an extensive work among missionary work among her own Several denominations now the neglected children of the people, but finding no open door have Chinese missions in Cali- Southern mountains, is contem- came to Los Angeles in 1930. fornia. With refugees escaping plating a child welfare project from Mexico and awaiting dein the coal fields of southern Il- According to the U. S. Indian portation to China, the missions linois, where a survey has re- Placement Bureau in Los An- have had much social service to vealed the necessity for the type geles, about two thousand In- perform. Chinese young people of service that has proved so dians are registered with them. of the third generation, college effective in Kentucky and Ten- Of this number about eight hun- trained, are asking that the vanessee. The organization has dred are girls, most of whom do rious Pro t est ant Chinese been assured of the cooperation housework for a living, and have churches consolidate. There are of the citizens of Herrin, Har- no home in the city. Very few, 3,000 Chinese in Los Angeles. risburg, and other parts of the except Catholics, go to any The Los Angeles Church extensouthern Illinois territory. church; they do not feel at home sion board is asking $1,500 more among the "paleface." When to develop the work and to bring "Save the Children," of which off duty, on Sunday and Thurs- Evangelist Gee to it. Dr. John R. Voris is president day, they have no wholesome and executive director, endeav- recreation, no place to meet -Presbyterian Tribune. ors to supply food, clothing, their friends, to spend their shoes, medical service and other time or to rest, and no religious LATIN AMERICA welfare help, with educational, service. recreational and character-build- The Situation in Mexico ing programs for twenty thou- In April, 1935, a place was sand children in isolated regions offered where vesper services Churches in the Mexican of the southern mountains. might be held on Sunday eve- states of Campeche and Sinaloa nings but this was not enough have been allowed to open in ac- Chapel for Deaf Mutes to meet all their needs, and cordance with a recent state- again the Lord a n s w ere d ment by President Cardenas One of the most unique reli- prayers, and rooms especially that there would be a relaxation gious services in California has well suited for all purposes were in the government Church polbeen inaugurated in a series of secured on faith. Additional icy. A Catholic leader said that daily chapel services for deaf rooms were opened last August. there had been no developments, mtues who are workers at Good- Many of the Indians are begin- however, to justify belief that will Industries. The service con- ning to feel that this is home, the government would grant real sists of the reading of hymns, a a truly Christian home. religious liberty, pointing out passage of scripture, a prayer that four churches in the State and a talk by a worker in the -Friends Missionary of Mexico had been seized reshoe department, all given in the Advocate. cently, two of them by armed sign and lip language. The Federal troops who padlocked same worker is also teaching a Stirring in Quebec tp.e buildings. According to this class in the sign language one spokesman, in at least eight of noon each week in order that the A group of eleven French the twenty-eight Mexican states, Canadian men and women in all churches are closed, and Quebec have left the Roman

fewer than 200 priests are al- that have come out of that group tober, foreign priests and minlowed to officiate in the entire are very remarkable. isters must cease their activities Republic. Other Roman Cath- before the end of April, 1936. olics viewed the situation more Mention was made recently of Churches and other buildings optimistically. the building, formerly used by used for religious purposes, even the Catholic Church, which has though built by private contri- A colony of Mormons in the been turned over to the largest butions and on privately owned State of Chihuahua felt the Presbyterian congregation in all land, will be nationalized and weight of antireligious groups Mexico to replace the old build- become government property. in Mexico w hen agrarians ing occupied by them for over seized the land of the colony and fifty years in another part of the Evangelicals in Brazil forced the Mormons to sell it. city, but destroyed by govern- Mennonite leaders also prepared ment orders a year ago in order An Evangelical Congress is to to move a colony of 7,000 from to make room for the widening be held in Brazil in the latter Mexico to escape religious re- of a street. part of June, organized by the pression. Confederation 0 f Evangelical This congregation bears the Churches. Evangelization is the -The Living Church. name of "The Church of the Di- first of the subjects which will vine Saviour." It has a mem- come under review, and an im- Encouraging Signs bership of over seven hundred portant place is being given to and a total constituency that questions relating to w 0 r k The National Baptist Conven- would probably reach two thou- among youth and the production sand, scattered from end to end and use of literature. The Evantion of Mexico supports ten col- of this great city of a million gelical Confederation was or- people. Attendance at Sunday ganized in 1934, drawing its inporteur – evangelists, m 0 s t of school rarely falls below 300. spiration from a previous move- ment tow a r d s cooperation, them in States where the pop- A Pause That Challenges which in the main exhibited a marked missionary influence ulation is predominantly Indian. The year 1936 marks the cen- from abroad. The present Con- tenary of the foundation of per- federation is primarily a Bra- Because an altar and a sanc- manent Evangelical missions in zilian movement, drawing its in- Latin America. Mr. Kenneth G. spiration from the desire of Bratuary are not indispensable for Grubb, in South America, lists zilian Christians to forward the the accomplishments of the cen- evangelization of their country. their ministry, they do not suf- tury and adds: -The Christian. fer from governmental restric- "We have reached a pause in the de- velopment of evangelical work in a EUROPE tions as seriously as do the Ro- large part of Spanish-speaking Amer- ica," and refers particularly to "a England and Tithing man Catholic priests. They use problem of Church and State," with which he couples "the familiar difficul- A move tantamount to partial the homes of friends as centers ties raised by the spread of 'antire- disendowment of the Church of ligion.' . . . In Mexico, Venezuela, England was made by the Britfor spreading the gospel. Guatemala, Costa .Rica, Ecuador and ish Government last March, other republics, there are either signs when a report of a Royal Com- In Mexico City the Baptist or else achievements which show that mission on the "Tithe Rent the State is going to exercise much Charge" was adopted, elim- Sunday school has outgrown its closer restriction over the rights of inating this charge over a pe- religious and educational bodies in its riod of 85 years. building. This church has just midst." Again referring to what he calls "a pause," he asks, "Is it a pause The tithe rent-charge was a built a chapel in a suburb of the at the center of a whirlwind of mighty tax to the value of some two- events around us which will shortly pence an acre collected in procity, where a mission Sunday crush us out of existence? Or is it duce from agricultural areas wherein we hear the still small voice until 1836, when the fee became school has now become a Bap- of God bidding us again go forward payable in cash. Although called and conquer? . . . Is it, in fine, a a "tithe" it was apparently very tist church. A weekly prayer pause of poverty, or a pause for seldom equivalent to ten per power? cent. It applied to certain meeting is held in the Baptist lands, the income from which Ecuador Fights Ecclesiasticism was thus taxed for the support Church in Mexico City, attended of the Church or of lay institu- According to Associated Press tions – schools, colleges, hospiby Mexican pastors of all de- reports, Ecuador joins the pro- tals, asylums, etc. cession headed by Russia, Turnominations. -Missions. key and Mexico in seeking to up- root organized religion. As in The Spirit's Breath Mexico, the Roman Catholic Church is involved. By govern- The Presbyterian Board re- ment decree issued late in Ocports that things are happening in the Protestant Church in Mexico. Someone has said: "When opposition drives Christians to their knees in prayer to God, with tears, you may be certain there is going to be a revival." Just this has happened in Mexico. More prayer is going up to God than for many a year. Prayer circles are springing up all over the land. In Mexico City a group of Mexican pastors and foreign missionaries meets every morning befor"e breakfast for prayer together. The experiences and answers

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

Since this move automatically theological instruction at the 19. Worldly parents. cuts the revenue of the Church universities. 20. Wrong home environment. or other lay institution which 21. Lack of evangelism suited to was beneficiary under the old For Russian Refugees plan, the state will undertake to youth. make up on a predetermined Mr. George Urban, Superin- 22. The sex problem. basis a portion of the loss, which tendent of the Russian Gospel is estimated to be about $67,- Movement which works among Some of these propositions 000,000 for the Church alone. refugees in France and Belgium, overlap, but summed up it ap- reports that at the mission's pears that a severe condemna- London Methodist Mission church in Paris, thirty-nine new tion is made of the three great converts were baptized during institutions, the home, the school There are t wen t y – f 0 u r the last six months, and twenty and the Church. branches, ninety – six centers, others have expressed their desixty ministers and a great army sire to publicly confess Christ as -Moo.dy Institute Mo.nthly. of deaconesses, doctors, nurses, their Saviour, in baptism. Indispensers and voluntary work- quirers are seeking salvation at WSSA Reviews the Year ers comprised within the Lon- nearly every evangelistic meetdon Mission of the Methodist ing-at one recent gathering ten The World's Sunday School Church. The work is the same responded to the Gospel invita- Association reports that during in the poorest mission and the tion. A Russian Jewess was 1935 some very significant finest suburban church. The re- baptized; also a Moslem. Over achievements w ere mad e in cently erected Central Hall cost one-third of these believers be- Christian education around the £68,000, and will be dedicated long to the intellectual classes of world. No greater opportunity free of debt. Shop rents will former Russia. Others are for the promotion of the evansupply an annual income of farmers, workers and artisans. gelical faith is to be found in £1,000. This church expects to This movement sends literature Europe than the wide open door do three main things: (1) to into more than thirty countries. in Spain. Appointment of a win outsiders to worship; (2) full-time Sunday school missionto secure the conversion of the -The Life o.f Faith. people; (3) to build the Church ary py the WSSA is one of the of Christ. -The Christian. MISCELLANEOUS progressive steps taken during German Church Situation Youth Problems the year.

Present indications are that Rev. T. D. Abels, of Ports- In no other church in the Near the German Church situation is mouth, Ohio, while instructor in East can one find today better about to return to much the same a Bible Institute, made a survey organized Sunday schools or status as that in which Hitler of youth problems to determine more thoroughly trained teachfound it, without much active the conditions that must be met ers than in the Church of Argovernment control and without by young people who are trying menia. any religious interference with to live the Christian life. The governmental policies. A new following were submitted by a In Egypt, Sheikh Mitry S. organization has been formed, class composed of those engaged Dewairy has continued his reknown as the "Council of the in the Christian education of markable street Sunday schools, Lutheran Church in Germany. young people: as well as other agencies for Three bishops are in complete Christian teaching. control of funds and administra- 1. Absence of Christian home traintion in their respective dioceses, Prayer of the Race that God and the other three members of ing. Made Black the Council are men of considerable importance in church af~ 2. Absence of the family altar. By LUCIAN B. WALKINS, fairs. The new organization, a Virginia Negro while definitely independent of 3. Wrong companions. the government, represents in We would be peaceful, Father – but its personnel a compromise be~ 4. Parents not concerned about when we must, tween the implacable policies of the Confessional Synod, which child's morals. Help us to thunder hard the blow is now largely controlled by the that's just. "left wing," represented by the 5. Too much leisure time. Rev. Martin Niem6ller, and the We would be manly, proving well our submission originally demanded 6. Preachers not scripturally sound. worth, by the Hitler government. 7. Inefficient Sunday schools. Then would not cringe to any god on The government attitude to- earth. ward religion in general is re- 8. Passing of Bible from public vealed in their crusade against We would be loving and forgiving, schools. thus 9. Changing social conditions. To love our neighbor as Thou lovest us. 10. Irresponsibility of the Church. We would be faithful, loyal to the 11. Dangerous social conditions un- Right, recognized by many. Ne'er doubting that the day will fol- low night. 12. Unchristian teaching in high We would be all that Thou hast meant schools and colleges. , for man, 13. Youth given too much liberty. Up through the ages, since the world began. 14. Youth do not see "separated life" God, save us in Thy Heaven, where lived before them. all is well!

15. Unchristian attitude of parents. We come, slow-struggling, up the hills of Hell. 16. Lack of Christian education and training in former generation.

17. Popular worldly amusements.

18. Lack of good home influence when away from home. Our Missionary Bookshelf Books Briefly Reviewed for the Readers' Information ,~ WHITHER BLACK may be understood. Like Dr. the life of this distinguished AMERICA? Woodson's work, it is honest and American of African descent. without either fulsome praise or Not only was Allen a great and A shelf full of books by Negro captious criticism. wise leader in his race, but he authors and others, dealing with was a distinguished man re- Negro life with emphasis upon Divine White Right. By Trevor gardless of race. Never ashamed the American Negro. Bowen and Ira Reid. 309 pp. $1.75. of his own, he compelled reluc- Institute of Social and Religious tant admission of his worth and By REV. WILLIAM LLOYD IMES, Research. New York. 1935. leadership from the churchmen of his day who felt that Negro Minister of St. James Presby- This obviously ironical title life should be wholly adminis- terian Church, New York City comes with good grace from the tered within the church by coauthor whose account takes up others than his own racial lead- The Negro and the Church the first two-thirds of this ers. The story of Allen and worth-while book. He himself others kneeling in old St. The History of the Negro Clturch. belongs to a nation that has George's, Philadelphia, has been By Carter G. Woodson. 330 pp. learned to criticize itself rather often told, but never with $2.65. Associated Publishers. Wash- severely, both on general prob- greater skill nor with better un- ington, D. C. 2d edition. 1929. lems of human welfare, and on derstanding of the ecclesiastical race prob~ems. Mr. Bowen is trends of' that day, respecting To anyone who does not know interested in a study of race dis- the color problem. The diary of of the wonderfully helpful serv- crimination in religious institu- Bishop Asbury is an excellent ice to America by Dr. Woodson's tions, and he does it without source, and Professor Wesley persistent and careful research sparing the high places into uses its first-hand material with into Negro life, this pioneer which such discrimination has skill. Richard Allen is seen not work in a field notably neglected gone. Dr. Ira Reid, well known only as a church official, but as a will come as a rare treat. Highly for his research work with the man and humanitarian, as for and sensitively descriptive, it National Urban League, and instance, in his extraordinary also interprets the beginnings now head of the Department of usefulness in the yellow fever and development of Neg r 0 Social Sciences in Atlanta Uni- epidemic in Philadelphia of the church organizational life in re- versity, supplies the definitive early nineteenth century, and ligious matters. The first work study in the final third of the also in his pioneer work in the of its kind since W. E. B. Du- book, and does it with charac- Free African Society. Bois' Atlanta University study, teristic care and insight. The "The Negro Church" (mono- authors have approached this From the Farm to the Bishopric. An graph), early in the present cen- question with clear-eyed cour- Autobiography by Charles Henry tury. age, and if this be the swan- Phillips. 308 pp. Parthenon Press. song of the Institute publica- The Negro's Church. By Mays and tions, it is a worthy note indeed. . Nashville, Tenn. 1932. Nicho'son. 321 pp. $2.00. Institute of Social and Religious Research. Richard Allen: Apostle of Freedom. As an illustration of the kind New York. 1934. By Charles H. Wesley. Associated of material which will be in- Publishers. Washington, D. C. creasingly valuable to throw A great deal of material that 1935. light on the Negro Church in would naturally be expected to coming generations, this acfollow the first pioneering. Here is the kind of brief biog- count of Bishop Phillips' life and These young scholars have done raphy which is not the less yal- work in the Colored Methodist both descriptive and definitive uable because it is a "he who Episcopal Church is noteworthy. work of a careful sort. What runs may read" type. Its brev- It is only by the gathering of they desire to give is both the ity is not an indication of lack many instances of notable lives raison d'etre for the Negro of thorough acquaintance with of religious officials and leaders Church as an institution, and sources, but the scantiness of like this that a complete picture then to tell its story and analyze adequate authentic sources for will some day be possible. its life so that its work and place in contempomry America Any of the books noted in these columns will be sent by the RIWIF,W publishers on receipt of price.

[332 ]

OUR MISSIONARY BOOKSHELF

Religious Instruction of the Negro. The fact that the Chicago Riot America usually tries the plan of (1830 to 1860, with special refer- some time before had left citi- having the non-Negro popula- ence to South Carolina.) By Lu- zens there and elsewhere de- tion do the Negro's, thinking for ther P. Jackson. Monograph in Vol. sirous of knowing the social con- him. This book ought to help, XV of Journal of Negro History, dition of the family life among if we have a sense of humor left pp. 72 to 114. those most seriously handi- after the strain of interracial capped, will give the lead toward misunderstanding and strife. Excellent for giving the back- understanding this book. It is ground of pre-Civil War condi- interesting to note also that very The Rural Negro. By Carter G. tion of Negro life in respect to recently, 1935-36, Dr. Frazier Woodson. 304 pp. $2.50. Assoreligion. While dealing particu- has been appointed to collate ciated Publishers. larly with the South, yet gives and analyze the findings of the valuable light on neglected sub- Mayor's Commission on Condi- The records of the U. S. Buject. tions in Harlem, following the reau of the Census were used outbreak of a riot in New York's carefully, in addition to personal The Negro in American Life Harlem area. This latter ma- visits of the author to many terial, it is hoped, will be pub- rural communities, particularly The Negro Citizen of West Virginia. lished if the public will demand in the South, where the largest By Thomas E. Posey. 119 pp. it, as it should. single unit in the rural popula- $1.00. The Press of West Virginia tion is overwhelmingly Negro. State CoI:ege. 1935. Black Manhattan. By James Weldon Johnson. 284 pp. $2.50. Alfred A. The Negro Wage Earner. By Loren- Interesting as a typical study Knopf. New York, 1930. zo J. Greene. 350 pp. $3.25. Asof sectional matters dealing with sociated PublisherS'. race. A fine descriptive narrative, telling the story of the Negro in This is valuable because of the The Negro in South CaroEna During the heart of New York City with need for knowing in what occu- the Reconstruction. By A. A. Tay- appreciation of what his life has pations the majority of our lor. 341 pp. Association for the meant to the metropolis of Negro citizens may be found, Study of Negro Life and History. America. Many facts about the and the conditions of their work. Washington, D. C. 1924. artistic life of the Negro in New Questions of skilled and un- York are not to be found else- skilled labor bulk large, with em- An able account by a painstak- where. phasis upon domestic service ing scholar and investigator; and agriculture as the two throwing real light on the sub- The Negro in Our History. By Car- largest fields numerically. ject, as opposed to many current ter Godwin Woodson. (Sixth ediaccounts showing the Recon- tion.) 700 pp. $4.25. Associated The Negro Professional Man and struction Negro in false light. Publishers. the Community. By Carter G. (See also note on DuBois' "Black Woodson. 365 pp. $3.00. Associa- Reconstruction." ) Any reference to Dr. Wood- tion for Study of Negro Life and son's eminent position in the History. Washington, D. C. 1934. Free Negroes and Slaves in Tennes- field of Negro history is unnec- see. By Wm. Lloyd Imes. Mono- essary to well-informed people. One need not wonder about graph in Journal of Negro History, It is enough to say that this the value of any such inquiry. Vol. IV, pp. 254 to 272. book, despite the voluminous The author's name is guarantee output from his tireless pen, is of honest and careful effort to The author traced source ma- in a real sense his Magnum ,opus, present the major facts availterial regarding little-publicized and those of us who know him able now, at least in outline. matters of value regarding ra- feel that he would like to be cial history, legal status, and so- known by it for its honest effort The United States and the Caribbean cial development in the middle to get at the difficult but reward- Area. By Dana G. Munro. 322 pp. South. ing task of interpreting Negro WorId Peace Foundation. Boston. life in terms of its integral part 1934. A Century of Negro Migration. By in American development. A Carter G. Woodson. Associated reference work of high value, If any reason is needed for the Publishers. Washington, D. C. and a study text of dependa- introduction of a book on this bility. theme into this review, it will The Negro Migration During the be amply known when one con- World War. By Emmett J. Scott. Social Status of the Negro siders that one of the areas touched by this author is Haiti, The Negro Migration of 1916-1918. What the Negro Thinks. By Robert the Black Republic so near our By H. H. Donald. Russa Moton. 267 pp. XII. $2.50. own, and which has been treated Doubleday Doran. New York. 1929. with none too gracious neigh- The Negro Peasant Turns Cityward. borliness by both our govern- By Louise V. Kennedy. 270 pp. One of the most important ment and our business interests. $4.25. Columbia University Press. statements of the Negro himself Professor Munro does not have New York. 1930. which has been made since the to strive to establish this thesis famous declaration of Booker T. as a part of his book. It is a These are grouped together Washington at Atlanta in 1895. part of the whole melancholy because they form a whole picture of one of the eventful social trends both of the 19th century and the 20th in the United States.

The Negro Family in Chicago. By E. Franklin Frazier. 294 pp. $3.00. University of Chicago Press. 1932.

A sociological study, taking a great city as a field of study.

record of our attitude toward the race problem. Here one of The Evolution of the Negro College. weaker peoples and races, and the ablest of them tells the story By Dwight O. W. Holmes. 221 pp. the facts speak more loudly than forcefully. Bureau of Publications, Teachers' the professor's words. CoJege. New York. 1934. The Trend of the Races. By George Negroes in the United States, 1920- E. Haynes. Missionary Education It is inevitable that doctors' 1932. By Charles E. Ha:l and Movement. New York. 1922. theses should reflect the current Charles W. White. (Compiled from modes of thought, and so, since statistics in the Bureau of the Cen- Dr. Haynes, by his long and racially separate education has sus, U. S.) 845 pp. $2.25. U. S. earnest work in the Federal been in the ascendency in Amer- Government Printing Office, 1935. Council's Department of Race ican life whether we like it or Relations, has wo~ the right to not we must deal with it. Dr. To anyone who knows the be heard on what IS known pop- Hoimes does this in first-rate former volume, "Negro Popula- ularly as the "interracial move- fashion. And, since we have the tion in the U. S., 1790-1915," ment," in overcoming race an- rather regrettable necessity for this added work will have new tagonisms. As one of ~~e able~t separate institutions because of significance, and this statistical of the conservative CrItIcs, thIS deep-seated prejudices, may we record in handy form is a neces- book (still a helpful reference not take the good things of this sity to anyone who would know book as a record of the early treatise, and look toward the day the social measurements of post-War situation in American of larger things? Negro life in recent years. race matters) will place him and the viewpoint he represents, The Racial Myth. By Paul Radin. Black Reconstruction. By W. E. B. fairly and fully, as protagonist 141 pp. $1.50. McGraw-Hill Co. DuBois. 1935. for cooperation. New York. 1934.

One does not know whether to Blind Spots: Experiments in the This anthropologist's work call this Dr. DuBois' greatest Self-cure of Race Prejudice. By needs no praise nor apology. It work or not. In a sense it is, Henry Smith Leipe!. $1.00 cloth. speaks for itself. With no less for it treats of a racial matter MIssionary EducatIOn Movement. acumen than Boas of Columbia a that has been the subject of the 1929. generation ago, this younger Negro's misrepresentation for scholar throws down the gauntmany years. Historians in mapy This may be regarded as a let before a world that seems large universi,ties have vied wIth companion book to ~r. Haynes' bent on Nazism, Fascism and each other in telling the Negro's tthreeatsisie~ilaarndatatistudwer,Ittweinthfreomm- all other varieties of misguided ineptitudes, veniality, decadence, phasis upon self-critic~sm; hen~e Nationalism, all exhibiting raetc., etc., ad nauseam, until it the subtitle, "ExperIments III cial animosities of various sorts. was high time some able social the self-cure of race prejudice." It is good to have a clear and critic like Dr. DuBois should unafraid voice from honest take the matter in hand, with Negro Education seientific labors. Dr. Radin held documentation, and all, and the research chair of Anthromake them eat their words. The Negro Education: A Study of the pology at Fisk University, a Reconstruction Negro neither Private and Higher Schools for Col- Negro institution, for several wants to be lauded to high heav- ored People in the U. S. By The years. He is now professor in en, nor damned to the lowest Phelps-Stokes Fund, Thomas Jesse the University of California. hell. He was just a human be- Jones, director of the study. 2 Vols. ing, like any other in. a similar Published by the Dept. ?f the In- Negro Biography situation. That he dId as well terior, Bureau of Educatlon. 1917. as he did in the most trying time Life and Times of Frederick Dougin 19th century America, is the Valuable for information as lass. finest tribute to him that could to variety, extent and standards be given. of Negro schools up to the early An autobiography by a leader period of the World War. Later of outstanding genius of the Social Attitudes. A Symposium ed- publications have supplemented Abolition and Reconstruction ited by Kimball Young. 383 pp. this. Here, as in other Gove.rn- eras. XII. Holt. New York. 1933. mental publications, is the Im- mense advantage of having ade- Up from Slavery. By Booker T. Helpful for its two chapters quate statistical material at Washington. by Herbert A. Miller and Ed- hand. Dr. Jones, a pronounced ward B. Reuter (Chapters 13 "right wing" adherent, has given Easily the most significant biand 14 respectively) which deal an objective study. The mono- ography of any Negro since with the relation of culture to graph by George S. D!ckerman Frederick Douglass' account of race, and the application of this in Vol. 1, pp. 244-295, IS ~f ~eal his life and times. discussion to Negro life. interest and has a good bIblIog- raphy of the source material: Letters of Theodore Dwight Weld, Black America. By Scott Nearing. Angelina Grimke Weld, and Sarah 275 pp. $3.00 Vanguard Press. Land-Grant Colleges for Negroes. Grimke. Edited by Gilbert H. New York. 1929. By John W. Davis. 73 pp. :West Barnes and Dwight L. Dumond. 2 Virginia State College Instltute. Vols. Vol. 1, pp. xxxvii, 510. Vol. The left wing (radical) critics 1934. 2 pp. x, 512. American Historical of the social scene in America Assn. D. Appleton Century' Co. must have their hearing, and not A description of this interest- New York. 1934. the least of their message is on ing field, from the Morrill Act of 1862 to the present. An interesting the 0 r y is evolved from these letters and

related anti-slavery documents, Negro Musicians and Their Music. that Negro life i,'3 neither all to the effect that it was the By Maud Cuney Hare. 433 pp. comedy nor tragedy, but it has American churches and allied $3.25. Associated Publishers. 1936. its human oneness with all other forces that made the abolition of life. Miss Fauset has written slavery inevitable. Also these There is only one regret in this some half-dozen or so novels, letters have value from their as- work, that its gifted author and is the most prolific writer sociation with the f a m 0 u s passed from. this world of haunt- in this field since Charles W. Grimke sisters, women of great ing beauty and sorrowful loveli- Chestnut's tales of the 19th cenability and devotion to humani- ness before it came from press. tury Negro life appeared, in retarian crusading against slavery She did read the first proof on construction and postreconand its .attendant evils. The ro- her deathbed. She "being dead struction days. mance of their lives is only ex- yet speaketh" in this great labor ceeded by the distinction of their of love. Those of us who knew Unfinished Cathedral. By T. S. Stribfamous nephews, Archibald and her can but rejoice that she was ling. 350 pp. $2.50. Doubleday Francis Grimke, whose lives spared to give us this great leg- Doran. Garden City, L. I. 1934. have .been among the very few acy. distinguished statesmen and While dealing with different clergymen who have wielded un- Plays and Pageants from the Life of material, this non-Negro author told influence for the defence the Negro. By Willis Richardson. tells of his own South's terrible and development of Neg r 0 Illustrated by J. L. Wells. 373 pp. inj ustice to the Negro with a rights and advancement. x. $3.15. Associated Publishers. horrible and fascinating attrac- 1930. tion that will amaze one. It is Along This Way. By James Weldon a long mile from the usual type Johnson. 330 pp. $3.50. Viking Taken with other books of of condescension, contempt, and Press. New York. 1933. similar purport like "Plays of determined tragedy of most non- Negro Life," by Locke and Greg- Negro authors. Interestingly written, giving ory, and the Drama section of the account of a distinguished Calverton's "Anthology 0 f Readings from Negro Authors for man in the fields of literature, American Negro Literature," Schools and Colleges. By Otelia law, consular service, Negro this fills a real place of help to- Cromwell, Lorenzo D. Turner, and rights, art, social criticism. Dr. ward understanding the dra- Eva B. Dykes. 388 pp. $1.50. Har- Johnson is now professor of matic art as an exponent of Ne- court, Brace. New York. 1931. Creative Literature at Fisk Uni- gro life. versity. This is probably the best all Anti-Slavery Sentiment in American around anthology of Negro lit- Booker T. Washington: Builder of Literature Prior to 1865. By Lor- erature yet published. It is care- a Civilization. By Emmett J. Scott enzo D. Turner. 150 pp. $2.15. fully edited, as those who know and Lyman Beecher Stowe. 331 pp. Associated Publishers. this trio of well-trained scholars Doubleday Doran. Garden City, would expect. While Calverton's L. I. 1916. From Cotton Mather and J on- popular-sized and priced anthol- athan Edwards to Emerson and ogy (Modern Library) is useful, The name of the educator of Lowell, Dr. Turner traces the and there are some others, espe- Tuskegee never fails to evoke thread of anti-slavery thought. cially of Negro poetry, yet none the memory of a man of real It is fascinating and rewarding. have given the description, balgenius, and perhaps no two men ance and charm of Negro litin America were better fitted to The Negro Author. By Vernon Log- erary expression as these auwrite of his character and gins. 480 pD. $5.00. Columbia thors have done. No American achievements than one who was University Press. New York. 1931. student, regardless of race, his secretary for years, and an- should be ignorant of its conother who is a descendent of a If you would know the heart tents. famous abolition family. of the man or woman who puts life into documentary form for For Children and Youth Negro Life in the Arts present and succeeding genera- tions, here is the revelation of In Spite of Handicaps. By Ralph W. Afro-American Folk Songs. By Hen- that inner life, as far as the Ne- Bullock. $2.00. Association Press. ry E. Krehbiel. G. Schirmer. New gro is concerned. A most use- New York. 1927. York. ful and valuable guide in this field. These excellent short bio- No one who knew the incisive graphical sketches, with quescriticisms of Krehbiel in the Comedy: American Style. By Jessie tions for discussion following New York Tribune of a genera- Fauset. Stokes. New York. 1934. each chapter, will make young tion ago could slight this book. people think, as well as enter- His acknowledgment of his debt Miss Fauset is the most com- tain them. to great musicians like Harry T. petent novelist of African des- Burleigh, Lafcadio Hearn, Maud cent today who is not afraid to The Picture Poetry Book. By Ger- Cuney Hare,· and others, is at go against the current of tradi- trude Parthenia Brown. 73 pp. once the mark of sincere scholar- tion that only lowly peasant life $1.10. The Associated Publishers. ship and genius. It is still the or slum life of the city may be 1936. authentic work of a master- pictured in novels of Negro life. critic; No maudlin sentiment. It is refreshing to get away Here is an unusual effort, and Solid learning. from the Peterkin-Bradford- a good one, to gain the interest Hayward school of thought of very little children, and to about Negro life, and to know

give them right ideas about Ne- the North, Problems of Admin- rather than critical. Billy Sun- gro life. It deserves attention istration and Guidance, the So- day preached the Gospel and of right-thinking mothers and cial Setting and Educational though at times his pulpit antics teachers of little children. Planning. somewhat disturbed critical We Sing America. By Marion Cuth- There is a very full bibliog- members of his audience, the bert. Missionary Education Move- "common people heard him ment. New York. 1936. raphy on the education and life gladly." Men and women of all of the Negro. This Mission Study book, for classes "hit the sawdust trail" 1936:"37, comes from a well-ma- From Fetish to Faith. By W. J. as evidence that they had de- Platt. Paper. 12mo. 28. The cided to begin a new, born-again tured mind that can present Livingstone Press. London. 1935. life. The book will repay readstory material and history of Fifty years ago .Africa was ing and circulating. racial life so that children of the almost wholly pagan and primielementary grades will love it. tive, except in the extreme north Facing Facts. A Century with the More power to such authors! Sioux. By F. R. Riggs and other and south. Fetishism was the Reports of the American Mission- African Myths. By Carter G. Wood- prevailing religion, with Islam ary Association. New York. 1935. son. $1.10. The Associated Pub- and Christianity striving for lishers. Washington, D. C. 1936. supremacy in some sections. The century of work among the Indians of North Dakota, A splendid collection of lEsop- Mr. Platt, who went out to West made famous by the story of like fables and folk-stories that Africa as a missionary in 1914, "Mary and I," is an inspiring have been put in attractive form record. The author of this acfor children of the English- took active part in the struggle count is a third generation Riggs speaking world. They add much for eighteen years. Today who recalls 60 years of service to our help with material for fetishism is dying; what will among the Sioux. We have children's education. here also the story of the work rise from its ashes? The author of Dr. Charles L. Hall, founder ON OTHER TOPICS sees the conflict to be between of the mission to the Arickara Christianity and materialism. and other Indians, and other in- Education of the Negro in the Amer- He writes impressively of the teresting records of the work of ican Social Order. Horace Mann the A. M. A. for the past year. Bond. 500 pp. Prentice-Hall, Inc. present crisis in Africa and New York. 1934. shows how the missionaries are By Ways Appointed. By Briggs P. seeking to meet it by laying Dingman. 12mo. 127 pp. 75 The book is divided into three cents; paper, 20 cents. Bible In- Christian foundations and build- ing up churches. There are na- tive prophetic movements in West Africa but the only hope sections – History, Economics of the Africans is in yielding stitute Colportage Assn. Chicago. and Finance, Current Problems. fully to the claims of Christ. 1935. Under History the early efforts Mr. Platt writes clearly and A wholesome story of a for educating the Negro are pre- from experience, with a knowl- young man, discharged from the sented, and the awakening of edge of facts-not from a nar- army after the World War, who private conscience. Here are row denominational point of entered college to prepare for described the work of Tuskegee view. the Christian ministry – with- and the various educational Billy Sunday: The Man and His out much idea of its real sig- Message. By William T. Ellis. nificance. His love story, with foundations and funds estab- intellectual difficulties, spiritual lished for the education of the Illus. 8vo. 519 pp. $1.50. John experience, and final victory and Negro. Many tables give the C. Winston Co., Philadelphia. 1936. service are easy but stimulating rate of expenditure for white Billy Sunday's fame as a base- reading for young people. children and Negro children in ball player and dramatic Gospel the same localities; also a com- revivalist is world-wide. Opin- Anthea's Ambition. By Beth J. parison of white teachers' sal- Coombe Harris. 12mo. 188 pp. aries and those where Negroes ions as to his methods differ but 18. 6d. teach. he reached immense crowds and thousands of lives were trans- Gwyneth at Work. By Margaret P. Section II deals with Migra- formed through his ministry. Neill. 12mo. 320 pp. 28. 6d.

tion, Industrialization and Ur- Here is the authorized biog- Pickering and Inglis. Glasgow. banization of the Negro; the raphy by a skilled observer and These wholesome stories for Economic Background of Edu- writer who knew the man and boys and girls are not marked cation in the South and the Fi- saw his work at close range. by literary merit but are a vast nancing of Separate Systems of The volume includes Billy Sun- improvement on much modern Education. day's autobiography, many of juvenile fiction. The first is a Section III deals with current his most effective messages, a missionary book in which true problems-the Teacher, the For- chapter by Mrs. Sunday and a stories are interwoven. The gotten Child, Cap a cit y for tribute by Rodeheaver, the sing- second volume tells of the ex- Learning, the Achievement of ing evangelist. Dr. Ellis has perience and struggles of some Negro Children, Higher Educa- given us a vivid, discriminating young girls in Christian life and tion for Negroes, Education in picture of the man, sympathetic work in England.

Books Obituary

(Concluded from page 278.) The Apostle to the Chinese Commu- . a Christian engineer in a Moslem nists. Daniel Nelson. $1~00. 139 pp. Augsburg Pub. House. Min- land devoted to the cause of missions neapolis. for 25 years. … … With the use Arthington's Millions. A. M. Chirgwin. 2s. Livingstone Press. Lon- R. A. Doan, of Westerville, Ohio, 01 this Course. every don. died on March 18th. About 20 years Young People's Society may ago he began his service to the Chris- Carey. S. Pearce Carey. 129 pp. 40 tian Missionary Society, Disciples or- be converted into a School for ganization, as laymen's secretary, Bible Training. without salary. He continued this cents. Marshall, Morgan & Scott. service for many years, and was also 1936 STUDIES IN CHRISTIAN DOCTRINE London. . a leader in Bible class work in Nel- sonville, his home town. Mr. Doan GFooudroPf athretsB-5ib2le.LePssaortnns. Part I. The Bible-The A Comradeship of Service. Report was a stockholder in the Missionary The Christ 01 the Bible Review Publishing Company. of Friends Service Council-1935. -TheHoIySpiril PartmMan-SinandRedempo … … … Friends Service Council. London. lion. Part IV. The Church-Future Events. Dr. John Henry House, missionary Christ in the Great Forest. Felix of the American Board and founder Send ISc in stamps lor current issue. Faure. 180 pp. $1.00. Missionary Education Movement. New York. HRISTIAN PUBLICATIONS. INC: Consider Africa. Basil Mathews. 1502 N. Third St., Herrlaburs, Pe.

180 pp. $1.00, cloth; 60 cents, of the American Farm School at Sa- whom, Charles L. House, succeeded paper. Friendship ·Press. New loniki, Macedonia, died there on April his father as head of the Farm York. 19th at 90 years of age. Dr. House School in 1910. Dr. House has been was born in Painesville, Ohio, the son decorated with the Grecian Gold Christian Materialism. Francis J. of John and Jane House, was grad- Cross of the Cavalier and on his 90th McConnell. 167 pp. $1.25, cloth;' uated in 1868 from Adelbert COllege, birthday, May 29, 1935, received nine 60 cents, paper. Friendship Press. now Western Reserve University, ana bound volumes of greeting cards, each New York. later from Union Theological Sem- containing 90 greetings from friends The Epistle of the Eternal Life. inary, New York. In 1872, he went George Goodman. 64 pp. 6d. as a Congregational missionary to . in all parts of the world. Five thou- Pickering & Inglis. London. Bulgaria and endeavored to hel~ the Five Foreigners in Japan. Herbert poverty-stricken people by glving sand dollars was also presented to the H. Gowen. 285 pp. $2.00. Uni- them a scientific knowledge of agriversity of Washington. Seattle. School at that t…ime in… his name. culture. It was not until 1873 tnat . Bishop McKim. of the Protestant The Great Company. Report of the he was able to secure a tract of de!Sert Episcopal Church, and until last year National Bible Society of Scotland. land near Saloniki and opened the BIShop of North Tokyo, Japan, died 200 pp. Edinburgh. Thessalonica Agricultural and Indus- on April 4th in Honolulu. He was trial Institute, now· known as the born in Pittsfield, Mass., July 17, Hearts That Understand. .Louise American Farm SchooL Dr. and ¥rli. 1852, and went to Japan in March, Harrison McGraw. 292 pp. $1.00. House have spent 64 .years in the 1880. In 1893, he was consecratea B. I. C. Assn. Chicago. Balkan States, first at Samokov, J)u1- bishop for the Japanese district and garia, later at Constantinople, .nd has hved an eventful life, seeing the Heaven. All That Is Revealed About finally at SalonikL His widow and It. Hy Pickering. lB. 128 pp. seven children survive him, one' of • • young Japanese Church develop. Pickering & Inglis. London. If you use • Kagawa in Australia, New Zealand and Hawaii. Edited by Helen Top- The ;Rev. Fruier S. Herndon, for ping. 184 pp. Kobe, Japan. many years an honored missionary of the Presbp;eri,n Church to the Mystery at St. Olaves. Winifred American Indians, died April 6, 1936, Pearce. 95 pp. lB. Pickering & in Tucson, Arizona. Mr. Herndon's Inglis. London. field of labor was not an easy one. Traveling with team and wagon, he Moral and Material Progress and PRINTING and his devoted wife went from vil- Condition of India. S. F. Stewart. lage to village among the Papagos in 196 pp. 3s. 6d. H. M. Stationery the heat of summer and the cold of Office. London. winter, bearing to those neglected peo- A New Day in Kenya. Horace R. A. YOU will profit from an ae- ple the Gospel message. He won the Philp. > 188 pp. 3s. 6d. World Do- confidence and esteem of thousands of minion Press. London. . .. ' quaintanceship with us. We the 'Indians, and many accepted do the joh complete in our own Christ as their Saviour. The Plight of the Share-Cropper. plant, whether it he larle or Norman Thomas. 36 pp. 10 cents. small. THREE KINDS. o.F GIVERS L. I. D. New York. There are three kinds of givers- While our specialty is Booles. ''the flint, the sponge and the honey- Revolt Among the Share-Croppers. Magatine.s and Pamphlets. yet comb." Howard Kester. 98 pp. 50 cents. we have a variety of modern To get anything out of a flint you Covici Friede. New York. equipment to meet all the re- have to hammer it, and you can only qUirements of your particular . get chips and sparks. Recapturing the Missionary Passion. job. You will find our service To get water out of a sponge you Stephen J. Corey. 20 pp. United prompt. careful and courteous. Christian Missionary Society. In- dianapolis.

Safe Through the Blood of Jesus. must squeeze it, and the more you William Reid. 95 pp. lB. Pickering & Inglis. London. : Will you allow us to estimate squeeze the more you get. on your next printing 1 We he. But the honeycomb just overflows The Shrine of a P~ople's Soul. Ed- lieve you will be delighted with 'lin W. Smith.' 208 pp; 2s. 3d.' with its own sweetness. Edinburgh House Press. London. our product. price and service. .' Some', people are stingy and hard. They give nothing away if they can help it. What Happened to Peter. Grace The EVANGELICAL PRESS Others are good-natured; they yield &PeIttnmglains.. L1o7n6dopnp.. .2.s:. P.ic.. k….er..i.ng .. . Pri"tn. of. , . t!LPlllIlSUl'e, and. the. more they are Students and the Christian World The MiI.iOtla,., Review of eM W ….1d pressed the more they will JP.ve.

Mission. Edited by Jesse R. Wil- A few delight in giving WIthout be- ing asked at all; and of these the son. 233 pp. $2.00. Student Vol- PlANT AND MAIN OFFICE third end R.n, Str••ts Henl. ." 'e. unteer Movement. New York. Bible says" "The Lord loveth a cheer- ful giver."-Wesleyan Methodist.

and Reality in

Viewed by Africans and Missionaries ILLUSTRATED WITH MAPS, CHARTS AND PHOTOGRAPHS UNOCCUPIED FIELDS IN AFRICA By ALEXANDER McLEISH THE AFRICAN'S VIEW OF AFRICA By VARIOUS AUTHORS-PREPARED BY J. D. TAYLOR AFRICAN LIFE AND THOUGHT By DIEDRICH WESTERMANN GREAT HINDRANCES TO CHRISTIAN PROGRESS By C. S. JENKINS VICTORIES OF THE GOSPEL AMONG AFRICANS By THOMAS MOODY AND OTHERS AFRICAN VIEWS OF JESUS CHRIST By THE BISHOP OF UGANDA POLITICS AND MISSIONS IN AFRICA By CHARLES T. LORAM THE ROMAN CATHOLIC CHURCH IN AFRICA By KENNETH G. GRUBB THE CROSS AND THE CRESCENT IN AFRICA By J. J. COOKSEY ===== SEND YOUR ORDER NOW ===== 25 Cents a Copy $20.00 a hundred $2.50 a year Special Price in Quantities if ordered hefore Septemher 10 THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD Third and Reily Streets, Harrisburg, Pa.

Robert E. Speer, PreJident Delavan L. Pierson, EditOI'

The Missionary Review of the World — November 1935

1935

Conquest By Healing in Ethiopia T. A. Lambie Christianity in the New India Richard Burges Crucial Issues in Latin America .

John A. Mackay .

The March of Events in·Mexico Kenneth G. Grubb The Harvest in Hyderabad, Deccan Charles W. Posnett German Neo-Pagan Faith Movement w. O. Lewis Can We Interest Men in Missions?

George A. Brown 25 Cents a Copy $2.50 a Yeat'

to Remember Christmas Gift

November 3-9-Christian Home Week. C. T. Studd, Cricketer and Pioneer November 17-Men and Missions Sun- The epic story of C. T. Studd, the famous day. Topic: "Jesus Christ and the cricketer, will appeal to all lovers of missionary World Today." For source material biography. "C. T." was one of the best all-round write to the Laymen's Missionary players that the game ever produced, and re- Movement, 19 S. La Salle St., Chi- nounced wealth and position to answer the call cago. of God to foreign service. Courageously he faced a life of hardship and danger with remarkable December 7-,-Universal Bible Sunday. self-denial and endurance, first in China and then in the very heart of Africa, pioneering for God. December 30-31-Conference with Dr. :Kagawa on the Relation of the Illustrated, $1.25. Churches to the Cooperative Move- ment. Indianapolis, Ind. The Triwmph of~__. . . . . John and Betty December 28, 1935-January I, 1936- Stam Student Volunteer Convention. In- dianapolis, Ind.

January IS-17-National Conference on the Rural Church. Washington, D. C.

July 6-12_Twelfth World's Sunday School Convention. Oslo, Norway.

By Mrs. Howard Tavlor Personal Items You have read newspaper accounts of John _ _ MR1 and Betty Stam, who were martyred by Chinese nowARD TAYLOR communists last fall. Now read this permanent The Archbishop of York (Dr. Wil- record of consecrated lives. It is particularly liam Temple), known as a leader both recommended for young people. Cloth, 75 cents. in Christian thought and in Christian work, is to make his first visit to Storiesofthe GreatHymnsof the Church America in December. He will fill several engagements at, universities By Silas H. Paine and cathedrals and will be, one of the leading speakers at the Student Vol- A monumental work in ~—-_ _J hymnology. A beautiful gift unteer Convent.i..on …in ..I.ndianapolis.

Rev. A. M. Chirgwin, General Sec- book, de luxe edition", 'printed on Bible paper, full gold retary of the London Missionary So- edges, flexible red b,inding, with stamping in gold. 795 ciety, is paying a two months' visit to the United States, in connection with pages. $3.00.

the meeting of the International Mis- "Eye" to "Aye" sionary Council. He plans to visit Negro schools and colleges ,of the By Paul H. Graef "EYE" South. … … … ~ An unique presentment in pictorial fashion of God's great plan of salva- TO tion. 132 display pages, five in color. John L. Mott" son of John R. Mott; Two editions: Cloth, $1.00; paper, 50 cents. "AYE" I has been made director of Interna- ~l tional House, New York, to succeed . , ,..WUL 0lWl' Dr. Harry Edmunds. This center I T.. -……………. now serves students from 65 countries. ,"II _ _ …………..dyarrw- … … … .. _ … _ ………….a_ -'-"hItId.-..-.I …. ( ~~=I.. …….__ Christmas Card Box Assortments I Mrs. Adena Miller Rich has been No. 50. A popular priced assort- l!:==::::~~''}v appointed to succ,eed the world;'famous ment with 15 beautiful Scripture cards Jane Addams as head of Hull 'House, Chicago. She was associated with and folders, each with matching envelope. 50 cents per box. Miss Addams for twenty years. No. 100. Our de luxe selection of 21 beautiful Christ- mas deSigns with 8 distinctly Birth-of-Christ pictures. All designs are new, artistic and appropriate, and have short Scripture portions and suitable sentiments. Matching en- velopes. Retails at $1.00.

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Single copy, 30 cents; 4, $1.00; 12, $3.00, 25, $5.75; 50, $9.00. All prices slightly higher in Canada.

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REVIEW OF THE WORLD pensate our committee members, we cheer them by subscriptions to THE VOL. LVIII Nov., 1935 No. 11 REVIEW."

Publication and Business Office– MISS MARY 1. SCOTT, Chairman, Third and Reily Sts., Harrisburg, Pa. Bethesda School of Missions, 310 Tomlinson St., Editorial and Executive Office– Moundsville, W. Va. 156 Fifth Avenue, New York City. Entered as second-class matter at *** Post Office, Harrisburg, Pa., under "On our station in the bush we Act of March 3, 1879. greatly appreciate the monthly ap- pearance of THE REVIEW." 25 cents a copy-$2.50 a year. Foreign Postage, 50 cents a. year. FLORENCE N. GRIBBLE, M.D., Published monthly, except August. French Equatorial Africa. All rights reserved. Copyrighted 1935. British agents – Marshall, Morga.n Obituary Notes and Scott, 12 Paternoster Buildings, London, E. C. 1 shilling per copy, The Rev. Harvey S. Murdock, D.D., 10 shillings a year. head of the work among mountaineers at Buckhorn, Kentucky, died on Oc- MISSIONARY REVIEW PUB- tober 4th of heart disease at the age LISHING CO., INC. of 64. He went out thirty-three years ago as a representative of the Lafay- BOARD OF DIRECTORS ette Avenue Presbyterian Church, of ROBE'RT E. SPEER, President Brooklyn, to establish this Christian W'M. 1. CHAMBERLAIN, Vice-President mission. He was very successful in WALTER McDOUGALL, Treasurer developing a community work includ- DELAVAN L,' PIERSON, Secretary ing schools, a church, hospital and general social program. SAMUEL MCCREA CAVERT *** MRS. ORRIN R. JUDD The Rev. W. Kendall Gale, mis- WM. B. LIPPHARD sionary of the London Missionary So- ciety at Andriamena, Madagascar, ERIC M. NORTH and one of the recent contributors to the REVIEW, died on June 7th follow- JESSE R. W'ILSPN ing an operation. He had labored most sacrificially and effectively for A. L. W ARNSHUIS the Malagasy. Mrs. Gale is returning SAMUEL M. ZWEMER to England. * * * Editorial Chat The Rev. Dr. Ivan S. Prokhanoff, founder and president of the All-Rus- Our October number on Latin sian Evangelical Christian Union, said SPEEDWAY TO ORIENT America has received very hearty to have several million followers in commendations and many single Russia, died in Berlin on October 6th. YOKOHAMA IN 10 DAYS . .. fastest, copies have been sold. Order your ex- He was sixty-six years old. shortest Pacific crossing … by the tra copies now before the supply is sister.ships Empress of Asia or exhausted. In the present issue we Dr. Prokhanoff was born in Russia, Empress of Russia. Or via Honopublish some additional articles on the and educated as an engineer. Thirty lulu in 3 days more on the Empress same subject and more will follow. years ago he organized the Evan- of Japan (largest liner on the Pa- This is "Latin America Year." gelical movement, with Lord Rad- cific) or the Empress of Canada. stock, of England, Colonel Pashoff * 1* * and Count Korff. In Russia he pub- INEXPENSIVE ROUND-TRIP FARES. lished "The Christian," a periodical, The past summer and autumn have and "The Morning Star," a weekly Go by distinguished First Class or been especially rich in interdenomina- newspaper. He wrote more than 1,000 comfortable Tourist Class. Still tional and international conferences hymns and translated many others, lower Summer round-trip fares to on Christian faith, life and work. and also religious books. the Orient. Low-cost Third Class.

Some of these are reported in this Since 1928, when he left Russia for FREQUENT SAILINGS … from Vanissue; another-the Student Volun- the last time, he has raised money for couver (trains to ship-side) and teer Convention-will be fully report- needy Christians in Russia. In 1927 Victoria. Orient fares include pased, and the leading addresses will be he started in New York "The Gospel sage to and from Seattle. California printed early next year. in Russia," and in 1931, "The Faith sailings connect with "Empresses" of the Gospel," both periodicals. His at Honolulu. Orient ports-of-call: *** autobiography, "In the Cauldron of Yokohama, Kobe, Nagasaki, Shang- Russia," was published in 1933. hai, Hong Kong, Manila. One of the recent articles in THE REVIEW so impressed a missionary *** • Also •• • low-cost World Tours. bishop that he ordered copies printed and sent to every missionary of his The Rev. Frederic W. March, for BOOKLETS, information … from over fifty years an active missionary YOUR OWN AGENT, or any Canachurch. in Syria, under the Board of Foreign dian Pacific office: New York, Chi- Missions of the Presbyterian Church cago, San Francisco, and 34 other *** in the U. S. A., died on September 28 cities in the U. S. and Canada. at Suk-ul-Gharb, Syria. Mr. March A pastor in the home church offered was appointed to Syria in 1873 and to reprint another article at his own served actively until his honorable reexpense and have it sent to all the tirement with his wife in 1924. Withmissionaries of his denomination. He in his lifetime he touched the whole learned that THE REVIEW already goes span of mission activity in the Syria to all those missionaries. field which celebrated its 100th year more than a decade ago. During his *** long years of service he was engaged Here are recent comments from our (Concluded on Third Cover.) readers. Will you pass on the good [513 ] word? "Each month I attend the public library for the purpose of glancing through your magazine. I consider it the most interesting periodical of the many on the shelves of that institu- tion." CURTIS TAYLOR, Utica, N. Y.

INTERNATIONAL MISSION4RY LEADERS AT

1st Row (left to right)-Rev. Akira Ebisawa, Miss Florence Tyler, Dr. K. S. Latourette, Miss Lucy Starling, Dr. A. L. Warnshuis, Baroness van Boetzelaer van Dubbeldam, Dr. John R. Mott, Rev. C. Y. Cheng, Rev. Wm. Paton, Dr. J. H. Oldham, Baron van Boetzelaer van Dubbeldam, Dr. Leslie B. Moss.

2d Row-Dr. Martin Schlunk, Dr. W. Wilson Cash, Mr. Kenneth Maclennan, Dr. P. H. J. Lerrigo, Rev. C. E. Wilson, Canon H. E. Hyde, Dr. C. R. Hamilton, Rev. Francisco Galvez, Dr. F. F. Goodsell, Rev. E. C. Lobenstine, Rev. John S. Badeau.

3d Row-Rev. G. W. Carpenter, Prof. J. E. Moreland, M. Ie pasteur Abel de Meuron, Rev. W. E. Shaw, Rev. Ray E. Phillips, M. Ie pasteur Henri Anet, Canon Axel Malmstrom, Hon. Newton W. Rowell, Dr. Julius Richter, Dr. Murray T. Titus, Mr. T. H. Sun, Rev. H. H. Riggs.

4th Row-Dr: K. B. Westman, Pasteur Daniel Couve, Miss Sallie Lou MacKinnon, Miss Margaret Wrong, Dr. J. M. Springer, Mr. G. S. Phelps, Rev. A. S. Kydd, Dr. R. E. Diffendorfer, Rev. A. M. Chirgwin.

5th Row–Prof. G. B. Camargo, Mrs. Harper Sibley, Mr. J. Merle Davis, Miss B. D. Gibson, Dr. S. K. Datta, Dr. John A. Mackay, Rev. W. J. Noble, Mr. E. V. Yoshida, Mr. Basil Mathews.

6th Row-Dr. S. G. Inman, Miss Esther Strong, Dr. J. H. Arnup.

NARY

REVIB ORLD VOLUME LVIII AN INTERDENOMINATIONAL REVIEW OF WORLD-WIDE CHRISTIAN PROGRESS NUMBER 11 NOVEMBER, 1935 Topics of the Times PREPARING FOR A WORLD CONFERENCE tries the younger churches are ready to under- The International Missionary Council (Septem- take more complete independence. A shifting of ber 27th to October 4th) brought together sev- emphasis of the missionary movement from Amerenty-five delegates, from twenty-five national ica and Europe to Asia and Africa is therefore missionary or Christian councils, who assembled welcomed in all quarters. For this reason it was at East Northfield, Massachusetts, to prepare for decided that the next conference should be in the next World Missionary Conference. The hills Asia. After careful deliberations in which parof the Connecticut Valley were glorying in the ticularly the Japanese and Chinese delegates took richness of their autumnal colors and remem- part, it was resolved with enthusiasm to select brances of the great evangelist, Dwight L. Moody, Kowloon, near Hongkong, and to make an atl:!-nd his work formed an inspiring background. tempt to secure double the number of Jerusalem The personnel included outstanding leaders of the delegates, about four. hundred of them, two-thirds Protestant missionary movement, half of them of whom should be representatives of the churches well-known representatives with a rich experi- in mission lands, particularly thos€ of Japan, ence, the other half representing a younger gen- China and India. eration of forthcoming leaders of the older and younger churches. The reports of the chairman, A second group of questions discussed related Dr. John R. Mott, and of the secretarial staff to subjects which demand a new and serious refrom London and New York proved the value of consideration, so imperative that a new world the world-wide service of the Council. It has be- missionary conference is imperative. Three groups of subjects seemed paramount.* come, or is becoming, a central consultation body 1. The missionary enterprise, like the world in which we of the Protestant world missionary movement. live, has definitely come to the dawn of a new age in which fresh forces are beginning to play a momentous part. The crucial question of this year's meeting was: Everywhere titanic forces challenge the very fundamentals where the next world missionary conferenc(=!, due of historic Christianity. On the frontiers of the Chris- about 1938, is to be held. The preceding world tian ~ovement men face the grim realities more closely conferences have been held in London, 1888; New t han In the West. e Communism, i mpe riali symo~nagn d nation al- York, 1900; Edinburgh, 1910; and Jerusalem, i sm are remorsel ssly closing in on the church in 1928. Many more Europeans and Americans would be able to take part if the next gathering China. Imperialism, commercialism, and industrialism are eating into the very fabric of African community life and destroying its immemorial spiritual and moral sanctions.

can be held in Europe or America and the inspira- From Mexico to Brazil, from the Philippines to the Congo, tional value for the sending churches would be enhanced. On the other hand the missionary from Germany to Japan the menace threatens younger force of the older churches has decreased, at least and the older churches alike. We must pool insight, knowl- edge, and resources and get a new sense and experience of world solidarity. .

for the time being. In almost all countries of old 2. A thorough study of evangelism on the mission field Christendom there are currents which slow down is to take a central place in the activity of the Internathe missionary enthusiasm so that in few coun- tional Missionary Council immediately and through the tries do we find the flaming missionary enthusiasm world conference with a view to vigorous, concerted agof a generation ago. At the same time the mis- gressive, continuous evangelism by the churches. This is done in response to calls from all over the world. The sionary movements in Asia and Africa are show- survey is to be centered in the church aiming at enlisting ing promising signs of spiritual strength and of voluntary lay and pastoral forces, with studies of the evangelistic power. In almost all Asiatic coun- • Quoting freely from Prof. Basil Mathews.

[ 515]

place of literature, the school, college, and hospital in the CHRISTIANS OF ALL LANDS UNITING work as well as the approach called for with relation to There are still many varieties of Christians. They are of divers races, nations, names habits the Jew, the Moslem, the Hindu, and others; as well as and opinions on various subjects, but they'are one in looking to Christ and His program for the soluof the methods used by communism, fascism, theosophy, tion of human problems. On creeds and church polity these Christians cannot unite but those of and other cults. The phenomena of mass movements com- many nations and denominations gladly unite to study common problems and to work together for pared with plucking individuals out of their own culture better understanding and a more perfect fulfil- ment of the Will of God. and its relation to political changes and economic status: Last summer four important international as well as an analysis of the eocfonthoemiCc,hrreislitgiaionufs~itohr. sociai Christian conferences were held in Europe. These motives leading to acceptance The took under consideration the promotion of Chris- tian unity, world peace and friendship, and pracpreparation, holding, and follow-up of the proposed 1938 tical cooperation in life and work.* meeting is to be utilized to promote fuller cooperation in The Committee of the World Conference on the world missionary enterprise. Faith and Order held its sessions at Hindsgaul, Denmark, and plans to hold its next meeting in 3. The fact that over thirty regional and national Chris- 1~37, in Edinburgh. The conference will begin wIth a statement of "The Church's Witness in the tian councils have been set up, the large measure of con- World Today," and will be closed with an "Af- firmation of Union in Allegiance to Our Lord." fidence won, and many pieces of cooperative work carried The Executive Committee of the Universal forward reveals the advance already made. Hitherto co- Christian Council also met last summer in Chamby, Switzerland. The Orthodox Archbishop operation has been confined mainly to institutions; it has Germanos, of Thyateira, President of the Coun- cil, sounded an appeal to the churches of the world not so often been extended to large evangelistic ventures. for effective cooperation against the attacks of secularism in all lands. A World Conference on It has also been mainly an activity of missionary societies Christian Life and Work is to be called to meet at Oxford University, England, July 13-25, 1937. rather than of indigenous churches. The Committee is The great concern of the Council for the setting afoot vigorous studies of all these processes and Church in Germany found expression in the reso- lution which recorded the determination to emof concrete projects of fresh practical cooperation. !)loy every possible Christian means of support- mg those who are threatened by the dominance Among the forces that demand world coopera- of an aggressive paganism. An appeal was retion of the Christian forces are: the ebb-tide of ceived from various bodies on behalf of the Chrisfaith all over the world, the necessity that Chris- tian refugees from Germany, who constitute some tianity should advance, the call to a unified Chris- twenty per cent of the total number of German tian outlook on the pagan masses, a new vision of refugees. the function of the great missionary institutions, the creation of a satisfactory new leadership, the The World Alliance for International Friendreplacing of "foreignism" and race antipathy by ship met at Chamby, with representatives from life in the universal Church, new economic and thirty countries. Lord Dickinson, of Paiswick, intellectual foundations of self-support, the de- who has been president for several years, was struction, on the one hand, of syncretism and on made honorary president; Bishop Ammundsen, the other of separatism which now divides the of Denmark, was chosen president, and Dr. Wil- Protestant churches in areas like South Africa. liam P. Merrill, pastor of the Brick Presbyterian Church in New York, was elected vice-president. Other topics discussed at this meeting of the Re~. H. L. Henriod is the general secretary. Th!'l 1. M. C. included the crisis in German missions, AllIance recommended the creation of a permanent the need for Christian literature and suitable mo- Minorities Commission, under the League of Nation pictures for the Africans, the Christian re- tions and an appeal was made to the League for sponsibility for the Jew and "the tragic plight of more effective assistance to refugees from Ger- 2,000,000 Christians in Germany in whose veins there is some touch of Jewish blood." • The facts In regard to these conferences are taken from the report of Dr. Henry Smith Leiper. The upbuilding and maintenance of the younger churches as a part of the historic world-wide Christian community is to be the objective of the 1938 conference. This requires a fresh, convincing vision for this age of the verities of the faith by which the Christian lives; the witness by which the Church is to carry the faith to the world in face of potent hostile forces; the reenforcement, intellectual, moral, and spiritual, of the interior life of the Church, in grappling with problems that affect its very being; the relation of the life of the Church to the changing social and economic order-its total impact upon society; amnodvianlgargimerpalancdabmlyoretothwoarroduguhngiotiyngbceotwopeeernatitohn~ churches which, in this emerging crisis, is the very condition of victorious advance.

JULIUS RICHTER.

TOPICS OF THE TIMES

many. In preparation for the world conference STUDENT VOLUNTEERS AFTER at Oxford in 1937, it was proposed that in all FIFTY YEARS countries where compulsory military service prevails the churches should request their respective The coming convention of the Student Volungovernments to permit civil service as an alterna- teer Movement, to be held in Indianapolis, Indiana tive in the case of those who cannot conscientiously (December 28 through January 1, 1936), marks serve in a military capacity. A carefully prepared the fiftieth anniversary of the Movement in Amermessage to the churches was issued, which in- ica and is the twelfth quadrennial convention. cluded an affirmation, as against the totalitarian The Movement was the outgrowth of the Student claims of the State, that "right is above the State, Foreign Missionary Society in Princeton College not the State above right." A sensation was and of the Student Conference held at Mount caused when it became known that one distin- Hermon, Massachusetts, in 1886.

guished Italian representative to the conference, The movement has had a remarkable history, Dr. Cesare Gay, had been summoned to Rome, having been founded by students as a result of along with other leaders of the Pro t est ant prayer and the conviction that the Great Commis- churches, by II Duce, who desired to know the sion of Christ to His Church was a command with reason for the refusal of the Protestant churches the promise of His presence in its fulfilment. The in Italy to pass resolutions endorsing his policies watchword' adopted was "The Evangelization of toward Ethiopia. the World in this Generation"-not adopted as a The Central Bureau for Inter-Church Aid called prophecy but as an objective. When the Movetogether representatives of the churches of many ment was formed there were few students volunlands to meet in Vienna August 31-September 3. teering for foreign service and the funds avail- Attention was directed to the current situation able were very inadequate even for the work among the churches in continental countries, par- undertaken. As a result of the student moveticularly those which are suffering from discrim- ment, and other influences at work under the ination, financial collapse or state opposition. The spirit of God, over twelve thousand volunteers disturbed conditions in Austria have created par- have gone to the foreign field in the past fifty ticular difficulty for the non-Roman churches, years and the incomes of the missionary societies which are in the minority, constituting about oIie- were quadrupled.

fifth of the population. Membership in these The past fifteen years have brought about many churches has greatly increased in recent years, to changes in the whole foreign mission enterprise. such an extent that the present staff and equip- The number of volunteers has fallen off, the sup- ment are inadequate. The Central Bureau sent a port of the work has decreased and the Movement deputation to call upon the heads of the Austrian itself has undergone considerable change. The State to acquaint them with the concern of the Student Council has taken control, with less direc- Protestant world over the disabilities of their tion from the "elder statesmen" of the missionary Austrian brethren. The Bureau also studied the enterprise.

status of the churches in Roumania, Poland, Today a crisis is felt in the foreign fields, in the Czechoslovakia, Jugoslavia, Greece, Spain, and churches and mission boards at home, and in the Russia. student world. Thinking Christians, familiar Since Christians in Russia continue to suffer with the present situation, realize that the need martyrdom, the possibility of sending a deputa- for Christ and His power was never greater than tion to Moscow to intercede for them was dis- at present, and the world is more than ever concussed and final decision was left with the execu- scious of the need for some superhuman power tives. Dr. Alfred Jorgenson, of Copenhagen, Den- to lead them out of the present social and spiritual mark, was reelected chairman of the Bureau and morass. Men are tempted to discouragement and Dr. Adolf Keller was unanimously reelected di- to abandon Christian idealism, seeking in its stead rector. the material things that this world offers. The less interest there is today in foreign missions Organic union is not necessary and may be un- the greater is the need for a spirit-filled Student wise but there is hope that some day Christians Volunteer Movement.

will still more generally unite on the beliefs and The coming convention may well have as obobjectives they have in common so that they may jectives: (1) To interest students more propresent a united front against all evil and may foundly in Christian life and in sacrificial service make their protests effective. Six hundred mil- where Christ is not known; (2) to express the lion professed followers of Christ should be able ideals and motives to which students will respond to do more for moral, social, economic and political when the claims of Christ on their lives are pre- reforms than they are doing today. sented; (3) to inspire Christians at home to sup-

port Evangelical work abroad more adequately; MISSIONARY EXHIBIT "A"

(4) to emphasize the spiritually dynamic forces At a recent meeting in Newark, New Jersey, a in missionary activity-in matters of guidance, of remarkable group of National leaders from many fruitfulness and growth; (5) to show the ability lands presented aspects of the present world sitand readiness of the coming generation to take uation from a Christian point of view. They were the leadership in the work of Christ with courage in themselves a remarkable exhibit and a convincand in His Name and Power. ing proof of the power of Christ and the world- wide influence of His Gospel to win the most out- The clear call today is for missionaries who are standing men and women of all races and nations true evangelists first of all-whatever other quali- to His standard. Dr. John R. Mott presided, himfications they may have. Christians at home who self a remarkable evidence of what Christ can do know Christ as Saviour and Lord will respond to in enlisting all a man's powers in the promotion the call to support qualified missionaries who go of the Kingdom of God throughout the world. out primarily to preach and to live Christ and to Among the Christian leaders from other lands train others for His service.

The Indianapolis Convention is calling together were Dr. S. K. Datta, a dark complexioned Indian over two thousand student delegates from the with a brilliant mind, the president of Forman United States and Canada-a much smaller num- Christian Coll~e, Lahore, and a leader in na- ber than have attended other conventions. A tional and church life in India; Dr. Cheng strong and comprehensive program has been Ching-yi, the General Secretary of the Church of planned with speakers of international reputation. Christ in China, former moderator of that church, These include national Christian leaders who are the vice-chairman of the International Mission- the fruits of mission work-Dr. Toyohiko Kag- ary Council, and a great force for cooperation awa, of Japan; Prof. Gonsalo Baez Camargo, of among all followers· of Christ throughout the Mexico; Dr. T. Z. Koo, of China; Mrs. Induk world; Professor Gonsalo Baez Camargo, Secre- Pak, of Korea, and President S. K. Datta, of tary of the National Council of the Evangelical India. The British and American leaders may be Churches of Mexico, a strong character and a bril- counted on for inspiring messages-Dr. Richard liant speaker; Mr. Etsuzo V. Yoshida, Treasurer Roberts, Moderator of the United Church of Can- of the National Christian Council of Japan and ada, and author of "That Strange Man Upon the one of the founders of the Omi Brotherhood in Cross," is a leading speaker; The Archbishop of Japan. Similar "exhibits" might have been pro- York (Dr. William Temple) will give a series of duced from South America, many parts of Africa, spiritual addresses; early American leaders of from Persia, Turkey, Syria, Burma, Malaya, the Movement-Dr. John R. Mott, Dr. Robert E. Korea and the Islands of the Pacific. The repre- Speer, Dr. Samuel M. Zwemer, and possibly Dr. sentation was enlarged by the testimonies of Pro- Robert P. Wilder, one of the founders and former fessor Julius Richter, of Germany; Baroness van general secretary-are to be present and may be Boetzelaer van Dubbledam, of Holland; and counted on to speak with their usual force and Prebendary W. Wilson Cash, Secretary of the fire. Others of more recent fame will lead Church Missionary Society, who called himself a conferences-Dr. John A. Mackay, Prof. Basil "native Christian of the British Isles."

Mathews, Prof. K. S. Latourette, Prof. Henry P. The tenor of the testimonies of these Christian Van Dusen, and Dr. Daniel J. Fleming. witnesses included (1) the great need of their fel- Christians interested in world evangelism and low countrymen for Christ and all that He offers; the progress of the rule of Christ on earth are (2) the evidence of Christ's power in their own earnestly requested to unite in daily prayer for lives and in the lands from which they come; (3) this convention-its leaders, speakers and dele- the need for greater unity and closer cooperation gates-that Christ may be uplifted; that the real among all Christians; (4) the need for clearer conditions of the world and the needs of men may manifestation of the power and spirit of Christ in be vividly presented; that the responsibility of all who bear His name.

the Church and of each Christian may be brought If every church could hear such testimonies, home to all, that church members may realize the and see such convincing exhibits there would be claim of Christ on them and all that they have; no doubt as to the worth-whileness and future of that the power and program of God for the salva- Christian missions. If the program advocated by tion of mankind may be clearly presented so as to these men were truly carried out in all individual stir to adequate unity; that Christ's forces of missionaries and in Christians in the churches in every race, nation and name may fully cooperate all lands, there would dawn a new era of life and in the great work before us, and that the future we believe that a new advance of Christianity of the Student Volunteer Movement may be made would take place that would sweep all before it in clear as it is in the Will of God. the conquest of the world for Christ.

by Healing in

By T. A. LAMBIE, M.D., F.R.G.S.

-&f/, Field Director, Sudan Interior Mission, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia T HERE is perhaps no country where a med- He believed them and wrote a letter to the Regent, ical diploma acts more efficiently as a pass- His Majesty Ras Tafari, which preceded us and port than in Ethiopia. It is little wonder helped us to get to the ear of Royalty! His Maj- that foreigners are suspected in that ancient land, esty begged us to build a hospital in Addis Ababa, for many who have come to her from the outside and in answer to much earnest prayer alone, for world with fair promises have remained to cheat no one was asked for a penny, one man gave and plunder. Somehow the Ethiopians classify $70,000 and others gave nearly as much more, missionary doctors differently. and the hospital was built to the glory of God. Thousands have been treated and cured. Thou- The eyes of the world are focussed upon sands have had the Gospel preached to them. The Ethiopia, not knowing what awaits her. Twenty- hospital is modern in every respect. two years ago it would have been considered pre- posterous to imagine that a Serajevo incident Mrs. Lambie and I were asked to go out and could plunge the civilized world into war, but establish work in Ethiopia under the Sudan In- it is a historical fact that the former incident took terior Mission in 1927. Although severing of old place and we know with what results; twenty ties, particularly with this hospital, was not easy, years afterward a comparatively minor incident yet God has wonderfully prospered thisinterna- in an almost unknown land carries a threat of a tional, interdenominational mission. Station after similar major catastrophe. The world is very sick station has been opened in these few years. A and needs a physician. large Leprosarium, under Dr. E. Ralph Hooper, Over sixteen years ago, after having spent of Toronto, has recently been built and is running twelve years in the Anglo-Egyptian Sudan at at full capacity. A splendid medical work has Khartoum and at a remote and needy place on also been going on at Soddu, Wollamo, one of the the Sobat River, treating annually tens of thou- populous southern capitals, and Dr. Percy Rob- sands of cases, Mrs. Lambie and I received an erts, of Montreal, is building a hospital there. In invitation to Ethiopia to help in the "flu" epi- the north at Lalibella, the famous place scarcely demic. Ethiopia was then almost closed to mis- seen by a white man, where there are eleven sionary enterprise; in all the land there was only monolithic churches, centuries old and one of the one Protestant worker. Thus, medicine was once marvels of the world, here Dr. Harriet Skemp and again the spear point, or the camel's nose, or Miss L. Blair, R.N., have been developing work whatever you choose to call it. Thousands of and a hospital is being built.

Gallas and Amharas were treated in Western Were there enough doctors Ethiopia might be Ethiopia and had the Gospel preached to them. opened to the Gospel from end to end, for where Most of the population seemed to need syphilitic a doctor goes several other missionaries can go. injections. Pneumonia and typhus were rampant There is a tremendous disparity between the but the "flu" epidemic had passed off before we numbers of young medical students who volunteer arrived. for the mission field and those who actually get A small hospital was opened and a mission sta- there. There is a wastage of medical volunteers tion established. We found that the tree wor- in the lecture rooms and hospitals. Often it is shipping Gallas seemed to have a real hunger for materialism that gets the young medico, often it the Word of God and we decided to take the long is a young lady who doesn't want to go, often it's overland trip to Addis Ababa, the capital. En a spiritual breakdown from too much study and route we stopped at Gore and treated Ras Nado, too little prayer. If something could only be done who came in the middle of the night with an ex- to stop this wastage and to inspire our fellow cruciating earache. From this ear I extracted a doctors toself-sacrificingly give themselves for tiny, black wood-boring beetle, which his soldiers work on the foreign field, how wonderful it would solemnly assured him would, if not removed, have be. Missionaries and home workers need to be bored its way through his head and caused death! tremendously more in earnest than ever before.

[ 519 ]

If the number of Christian doctors on the foreign age really started. Many a one whom God wants field could be trebled, and their spirituality was to go to Canaan, or to Africa, on a pilgrimage for in proportion, something tremendous would result. Him, does not get beyond Haran because of some I have acquired Ethiopian nationality in order old Father "Wait:-a-bit," or some Mother "I-need- to further the spread of the Gospel, and my sym- you-at-home." Sodom proved too much of a temp- pathies are with His Majesty Haile Selassie and tation for Lot and he went to the plain. Abraham Ethiopia. There are some wrongs in Ethiopia, as went to the mountain-to Hebron. Oh the heart- there are in every land, but His Majesty, who I ache Lot caused even before he made his selfish feel is a real Christian, is seeking to right them, choice. Be careful pilgrim, of the ones you take and in the four years since his coronation has with you. Watch the separated life. Avoid the done wonders. worldly companions. They make poor travel part- ners; they are not real tent dwellers. They want Lessons from Tent Life in Ethiopia their Sodoms and their Gomorahs, their Zoars My wife and I have a great feeling of kinship and their beastly caves. They y:earn for the with Abraham. We cannot compare with him in world. They mind earthly things. The truly sepactual time spent in tents, but in distances trav- arated Abraham does not yearn for the plain, but eled we probably surpass even Abraham. Many for the Hebron mountaintop, for Hebron means, months and years have we spent living in tentsperhaps more than any other missionaries of mod- will "Communion with God." He found in Mamre a ern times and so we feel qualified to speak something of the lessons learned from tent life and "place of richness." The heavenly pilgrim can speak with some authority of the spiritual ever find it so. Lot's leftover became Hebron; implications of a pilgrim life in tents. richness in communion with God is the place to pitch your tent. 1. One of the chief lessons of the pilgrim life is that the pilgrim must be unencumbered. "Lay- 5. What is indispensable on this our pilgrim ing aside every weight and the sin which doth so way is to have an infallible Guide. The children easily beset us" (Heb. 12: 1). Extra weight keeps of Israel had no need of the eyes of a Hobab or the pilgrim back. Too many needless things are Raguel when they had the fiery pillar to lead them surely a trouble and a care and slow him up. "No on. How often on caravan have we lost our way, soldier encumbereth himself with the affairs of taken the wrong turning and had to retrace weary this life." Pilgrim, beware of encumbrances that steps. We become separated from our guide. slow you up. We thought we knew the way only to find our- 2. Hold your possessions lightly. There are a selves in "bye-path meadow" from which it is hundred travel accidents that may happen to spoil only a short distance to "Doubting Castle." We your belongings or cause the loss of them. No need to stick close to our Guide who has promised travel insurance policy can be written to insure to direct us. against white ants, mildew, and the many other hazards of tent life. One must learn to hold one's 6. Care of the tent. The tent is the pilgrim's possessions lightly, and even "take joyfully the home. It is a poor thing, perhaps; not like a spoiling of one's possessions." Don't grieve over castle, or even as good as a poorhouse, but still it them-your heavenly treasure is infinitely more is all he has to live in and it is much better than desirable. nothing. One must take care of it or it will rap- idly deteriorate and no longer keep out the sun 3. The importance of water. One learns never and the rain, the wind and the dust and when it to get far from water. Water is the life of the caravan, for even the desert camel cannot go very is gone it cannot be restored. So with these far from water. Water means life, not only for man, but also for beast, pasture as well as drink. bodies of ours-we must not neglect them. We "Wherever the river cometh there shall be life may be called to burn out for God in a quick and fierce flame like saintly Henry Martyn, but ordi- narily God wants us to live a long and useful life for Him. We should not wilfully neglect our bodies. .

. . ." (Ezk. 47: 9). In this pilgrim walk stay 7. My wife has suggested – food, and I reply close to the River of Living Water, to the water with a hearty "Yes." The life is hard. It does that Christ alone can give. take strength out of one. Almost frozen at night.

4. Companions. One of the most important in some lofty mountain pass or scorched at noon things is to decide whom to take with you. Abram in some fiery desert, when the very air seems to started out with two weak companions as a handi- reel-aching muscles from descending some mile cap-Terah and Lot. He could get Father Terah high canyon, that would almost puzzle a wild goat, ("wait-a-bit") to Haran, but not beyond. Old one does need good food to keep up, month after Father "Wait-a-bit" had to die before the pilgrim- month, year after year. Pilgrim, be careful of

CONQUEST BY HEALING IN ETHIOPIA

your food. If your only food is the Home Journal ETHIOPIA, THE LAND AND PEOPLE and things of that kind, you will never get very In "The Chronicles of Ethiopia," the descent of far. If you never read a sermon, or the biography the original inhabitants is traced from Noah of some Brainerd, or Carey or Livingstone, or the through Cush, the son of Ham. "Aithiops (son letters of a MacCheyne, or a Rutherford, how can of Cush) begat Aksumawi," who is reputed to you have an appetite for heavenly food. If your have founded the Holy City of Aksum, the former Bible reading is neglected, so that you read the capital which the Italian army has recently capdaily newspaper far more than God's Holy Word, tured. how can you be strengthened in your pilgrim life Modern Ethiopia (formerly known as Abysfor Him. We need to be fed with food "conven- sinia) is called "the Hermit Empire," or the ient for us." Once when we were traveling on a "Switzerland of Africa." It is the last independlong journey in Africa, we got tired of our dry ent empire in the Dark Continent and is mostly a food and when we saw some men carrying beau- high plateau from which rise many mountains. tiful fresh fish, we shouted for joy. We bought Its area is about 350,000 square miles and its popand ate them, to find out later to our sorrow that ulation is estimated at between 10 and 12 million they made us very ill and until we recovered we people–for the most part very primitive. Politwere not able to travel. Much of what we read ically the country is divided into four great provtoday is like poisoned fish; we eat it and our inces-Shoa, Tigre, Amhara and Gojam-with jo.urney is halted, sometimes ended. .other lesser provinces under various chiefs. Heile 8. Endurance. Patient in well-doing. When Selassie (Ras Tafari Makonnen) proclaimed him- we rush about on aeroplanes and racing cars, self Emperor (King of Kings of Ethiopia) on the streamlined trains and ocean greyhounds, there death of Empress Zanditu (Judith) in 1930. He is not so much need of a patient endurance. It is is reported to be an enlightened Christian em- different on a mule or a camel, or on foot. The peror seeking the good of his people.

miles stretch out endlessly and a journey of a few The inhabitants are divided into numerous hundred miles seems endless. In five minutes in tribes, speaking some seventy languages and dia- an aeroplane I traveled recently in Africa as much lects. The state Ethiopian Church is similar to as in one day by muleback. The way seems long the Coptic Church of Egypt. The prevailing but it will not be so in retrospect. Only one life, speech is Amharic, with 251 characters. Their "'twill soon be past, only what's done for God will sacred scriptures are written in Ethiopic or Geez, last." "Be thou faithful unto death and I will a dead language, pronounced by priests but not give thee a crown of Life." understood. Many of the people of Ethiopia are 9. Early rising. Get up and meet with your Moslems and multitudes are pagans-ignorant Lord and then you will have strength to do the and superstitious. day's work, to reach the camping place, to the journey~s end, to the desired haven. Don't put it Among the Evangelical missions in Ethiopia off. Don't be a sluggard and lie abed. are the United Presbyterians who have twenty- three missionaries, located in three stations; 10. Many other lessons have been taught us but the Sudan Interior Mission with twelve stations, and about 75 missionaries; the Seventh Day Ad- I mention one more: to have an objective is the ventists who occupy three stations, the Swedish most important of all lessons. To be going some- Evangelical Mission with 18 missionaries, and where. Our lives are planned, but the sad thing the British and Foreign Bible Society. A Danish is that so many Christians never get into the Di- Mission is ready to send three workers as soon as vine plan. Many never get on the pilgrim way conditions permit. Most of the missionaries have designed for them, that will lead them to the goal elected to remain in Ethiopia to help the people he had designed, on the path that His feet have in this time of trouble. From an Evangelical trodden. Let us remember Him, who in the days Christian standpoint missionary work has touched of His flesh was a pilgrim, who had neither nest, only a small number of the people. The oppornor foxes' hole, nor even a tent, and who occupied tunity is great for the Emperor has given the a borrowed grave in His death. missionaries a hearty welcome and the people are Follow this Guide, this Pilgrim, this Wayfaring ready to listen.

Man, this Saviour. He will lead us on a road un- The Italian subjection of Ethiopia would mean like any other, and one that will be different from that the last independent African State will never that trod by any other pilgrim in its details, but have the opportunity to develop along African one which His feet trod before. Follow even lines. The winning of Ethiopia to Christ, and the though it lead to some dark Gethsemane, without development of the people on enlightened Chris- the gate to some Africa or China, or to some Cal- tian lines, will mean national progress of the best vary Hill. "Follow thou Me," said our Saviour type and will promote peace and goodwill in and Lord. Africa and in the world.

in the New India*

By the REV. RICHARD BURGES, England General Secretary, India Sunday School Union, 1896·1921 "THE most amazing characteristic of man- cent years turmoil and agitation have swept over kind remains today what it always was; the 350 millions of India's people. Has the man's inability to recognize the expected." chariot of God stood still in these years of unrest?

India supplies an illustration of this truth spoken Far from it! The government census for the by Lord Eustace P'ercy. For generations the decade ending 1931 shows that every day, during British encouraged the use of the English lan- those ten years, four hundred were added to the guage, lauded the free institutions of the West, Christian community, even though missionary fostered the growth of democracy and adminis- ranks were sadly depleted. Statistics do not mean tered regular doses of John Stuart Mill. In the everything but they show that the Kingdom of fly-leaf of "Liberty" by Mill the following quota- God is firmly established in India and they indi- tion was printed: "The grand leading principle, cate great possibilities for the future. The spir- towards which every argument unfolded in these itual power of the Christian Church, in the fu- pages directly converges, is the absolute and es- ture, as in the past, lies in the willingness of the sential importance of human development in its Church to cooperate with her Lord in the redemp- richest diversity." Wonder of wonders; the tion of the world and thus establish the lordship Mother of Parliaments suddenly woke up to the of Jesus Christ over every department of human fact that India was adolescent, and desired at life. Mathematics cannot supply a yardstick with least a prospect of wholesome independence. which to measure spiritual influences.

Each milestone on the high road of British In- Many facts could be rehearsed. Let one only dian history tells of advance towards responsible suffice. Away on the northeastern mountains of self-government. Progress has been slow but India are the North Lushai Hills, once inhabited sure. The Simon Commission, the Round Table by head-hunting aboriginals. In the year 1897 Conferences, the cooperation of the Indian the first missionary arrived. The seed grew Princes, and the desire of the British public for a slowly and secretly and at the end of a decade, "fair deal," all reach a climax in the new Govern- there was one church with 32 members. The ment of India Bill. While not underestimating Christian community now embraces nearly 61,000 the importance of other aspects, we will consider members or about two-thirds of the whole pop- the distinctly Christian point of view. Will this, ulation. The Presbyterian Church of Wales, re- the most momentous venture of Parliament, in sponsible for this great work, can verify these our day, help or hinder Christian progress? statements. Incredible, romantic; but true!

The Romans were good colonizers, built roads There is a saying among the Chinese that and endeavored to be tolerant. They tried to though no one knows how the mustard seed was balance the scales of justice, but the Jews never brought to China, yet today the mustard trees had a good word for them. They wailed and wept could not be rooted out of the land. The Seed of for freedom. Britain has given India roads, law the Kingdom of God was carried to India in ob- courts, colleges, schools, hospitals, irrigation proj- scure ways but the tree that has grown therefrom ects, etc., but India wants to be free. The British can never be rooted out. Principalities and pow- have sown the seeds of freedom. What is more ers will never, never be able to prevail against it.

reasonable than that India should desire to man- All that the churches have done through their age her own home? missionaries is but preliminary. Indian Chris- The living seed of the Gospel, planted by Chris- tians cling to them as their best friends, and they.

tian missionaries, has produced a great tree. are trusted by every thoughtful section of society.

About two per cent of the Indian population are One effect of Christianity is to enrich and de- now connected with the Christian Church. In re- velop personality and this new life has made • The writer was present in the House of Commons on July 30th sInenddiat hree·sltrlemsso.st Tcohme pcehtuerncthmesenofanthdewWomesetn must during the last debate on this "Government of India 1935" bill. mistReonyslavl eapssreenptarbatriionngsfotor aanneewffeccotinvsetitcultoisoen nfoear rlIyndeiaig. ht years of in- sl·onaries to the East. The BI·shop of Manchester, [522 ] at the International Missionary Council at J eru- instrument which will, in due time, secure their salem, said: "We do not go to non-Christian na- emancipation. Child marriage, infant and ma- tions because they are the worst or alone in need, ternal mortality, education of girls and respect but because they are part of the world and share for woman's dignity and personality, and kindred with us the same human need." The Indian subjects, will be sure to receive effective attention.

Church needs and desires assistance in producing Christians will continue to lead the van in these Christ-like citizens. This is the hour for con- matters.

solidating our position and for advance, not re- In the years ahead, the centre of Christian work treat. in India will be the indigenous Church and I be- Many Indians, non-Christians as well as Chris- lieve that at no distant date money disbursed by tians, seeking suitable education for sons and missionary societies outside India will be used to daughters, instinctively favor the Christian insti- build up the Indian Church, under Indian admin- tutions because of their high character and help- istration.

ful atmosphere. Whatever changes the Reforms The Rev. J. I. Hasler, B.A., many years in the may impose on education in India I believe that service of the Baptist Missionary Society, says: this disposition will remain. The Christian col- "During recent years the policy of foreign mis- leges, hospitals, schools, farms, workshops, wel- sions has become what is known as 'Church-Cen- fare centres and orphanages, seek to win people tric' and that devolution of responsibility, power to Christ but do not wish to secure converts by and work to the Indian Church, is encouraged."

unfair or "camouflaged" methods. The doctor, Signs are not wanting that a united Church in the nurse, the teacher, all seek to express their India is developing. Christianity need no longer love to their Lord, by using their professional be under suspicion that it is the religion of the services and personal influence to help their fel- "White Man," the "Foreigner," the "Sahib" or low men. Conversion by coercion, from one faith the "Government." No more need the Indian to another, is condemned by Christians and non- Church be confused with the traditions of the Christians alike. Church in the West. She will be the Church of The Rt. Rev. the Lord Bishop of Calcutta, Met- Christ in India. She will be free to adopt Indian ropolitan Bishop of India, writing me as recently architecture, music, ritual. She will be free to as July 23, 1935, said: face and reform her world under the guidance When there was a peace conference in Dehli in 1923 and power of the Holy Spirit. She will be free when the Hindu and Muhammadan conflict was severe, I to make her own spiritual contribution to the was asked to take part in it and was the only Christian Church universal. "The Church," says Henry with some twelve Hindus and Muhammadans in the com- Barclay Swete, D.D., "alone among human somittee of that conference which framed resolutions. One cieties, has a Head in heaveri, and this is linked of those was to the effect that people were at liberty to to the eternal and infinite." By faith we can hear seek by fair persuasion to change the faith of others but not by material inducements. That expresses the general the march of the on-coming millions! feeling among educated people. Gandhi, I believe, has It is hardly possible to exaggerate the imporobjeeted to proselytism but I think that it is the proselytism by material inducements to which he objects. I am sure tance of the village in Indian life. The policeman that he would admit that everyone has the right to his can stop and direct vehicles, but he cannot stop beliefs and to change his mind. and direct ideas. Men and children, in increasing The Release of Power numbers, will see the pictures and hear the wire- less talks after their toil in the fields; women Under the Reforms there will be the release of from secluded places will also hear and see.

an Everest and a Niagara of personality. Slowly Motor transport is linking these villages. The the value of the electoral vote will be understood. cumulative effect on the peasant folk is enormous.

Then the power will be felt of 35 million persons Eighty-nine per cent of India's 350 million peo- at the polls. Fourteen per cent of the British ple live in villages, and four out of every five of Indian population will have the legal right to vote the Indian Christians live in villages. Beyond for their own representatives on the governing question the future of India will largely depend bodies. As a general rule the qualification for on village uplift.

the franchise will be payment of local taxes or Educationally the position of Christians is con- land revenue. The proportion of women to men spicuously high. The Christian community re- voters is 1 to 5. Six seats will be reserved for cently claimed 1570 of the total number of col- women in the Upper Federal Chamber. "A per- lege graduates, while the same community only son shall not be disqualified by sex from being ap- embraced 2% of the population. Numerically pointed to any civil post in India, other than such Christians are included among the so-called mi- posts as may be specified by general or special norities. If the seats for Indian Christians in the order." This puts into the hands of women an Legislatures are not in proportion to their num-

bers, trouble may be expected. The complaint is surprised if in this vital realm there is a tightening of also made that the fundamental rights of citizens official control. Christian institutions that depend in any in the free and full exercise of their religious be- measure on Government grants will doubtless be called liefs, and that the fundamental rights of minori- upon to accept conditions hard to be borne; a reduction ties, have not been defined in the new constitution. in grants is likely and an extended application of the It is alleged that some Indians mean to work the Conscience Clause inevitable. To maintain their freedom constitution, and then use their powers to turn and impart the education they regard as essential, it may the foreigners out, to stop grants to Christian be necessary for Christian institutions to forego Governinstitutions, and to try to smash the new con- ment grants, and even establish their own university. stitution. . . . But even here there is ground for confidence. Un- less we are greatly mistaken, the conv~ctiim is deep rooted The allocation of special seats for Christians in in the Indian mind that Christian colleges and schools the Legislatures may tend to create a new caste. have brought something of incalculable value to the cause Unimpeachable integrity is ft sounder qualifica- of education, and we believe that all who seek the highest tion in a candidate than mere nominal connection good of the nation will not readily let that influence with the Christian community. An experienced weaken. Baptist Missionary, the Rev. F. W. Jarry, M.A., says: Federated India, when it becomes a reality, will consist of H. M. The King, represented by the Some of the leaders of the Christian community have Governor General, and two Chambers styled the intimated that it is not their wish to take advantage of Council of State and the House of Assembly. In the Communal representation offered on the Councils; but the former there will be· about 150 members, have expressed their readiness to stand for election as elected by their constituencies, plus about 100 apcitizens of India, and not as representing the Christian pointed by the Rulers of States; in the House of community; and their statement made quite an impres- Assembly there will be about 250 elected and sion on some of the leading Hindus. about 125 appointed members. In debates and voting the truth will soon emerge that members The Joint Committee Report on Fundamental will not have reached their seats by the same Rights* shows the grave danger of trying to de- routes. Each elected member would have to think fine a thing which almost defies definition. It was of his constituency, while each appointed member found impracticable to draft a statement. The would have to think of his Ruling Chief. Rev. W. Paton, M.A., Secretary of the International Missionary Council, who has given the sub- Visualize the scene! With all the goodwill in ject close study, says: the world, the situation cannot fail to be delicate. What result may be expected? Democracy will The indisposition of Government to make statutory pro- grow like a palm tree. The great Rajahs will lead vision for the rights (}f minorities is simply due to the the way in the establishment of Limited Mondifficulty of putting anything into the form of a statute archies and Parliamentary Institutions. Then which is sufficiently explicit to be useful, and not danger- existing treaties will be absorbed, by agreement, ously static and formal. The Instrument of Instructions in a higher synthesis. All this may materialize given by the Secretary of State to each Viceroy and each sooner than now seems possible. Governor will lay upon them in the most explicit possible way the care of minorities, and personally I am convinced Dr. S. K. Datta, in the Legislature Assembly, that this is adequate. "held up the Indian Christian Church and its in- ternal self-government as the most real piece of I would as soon trust an able and just Governor as I democracy in India." In this spiritual sense the would a High Court interpreting a fixed Statute, or a Christian Church points to the key of progress, special Minorities Committee. and the Church can supply the amalgam with which to fuse the whole of India into a united Will there by any disposition, under the Re- Empire. forms, to take all educational work out of the hands of Christian missionaries, and to remove After many years as a missionary in India, I the subject of religion from the syllabus of all watched the sun setting as I leaned over the bulcolleges and schools? warks of my ship as I took my last look at my beloved India. Mingled memories and hopes held The Rev. J. Z. Hodge, who has recent informa- me captive. In the distance I saw a great cross tion and wide knowledge, says in his article in the on a Church silhouetted against the sky. I was National Christian Council Review (June, 1934, satisfied. The Cross is "lifted up." That is suffipage 281) : cient! I have no fear about the future of India!

That some inhibition on the free play of Christian ac- Grant, 0 Lord, that we who live in such glorious times tivity will be imposed is, we think, certain. Education, may be saved from pettiness and self-seeking, may be for instance . . . is something that bears directly on the filled with a gallant and undaunted spirit, and may be growth and well-being of the State and we need not be diffusers of light, invigorating all we meet, through Jesus Christ Our Lord. Amen. • Paragraph 366, page 215

Harvest in Hyderabad, Deccan*

By the REV. CHARLES W. POSNETT, Medak Missionary of the Methodist Church of England GOD has been wonderfully answering our Christ as Master, whatever befalls. So we put prayers in Hyderabad, When I first ar- these people off for six months. rived there forty years ago the ground When they returned home, they had to go seemed hard as iron. For several years we visited through the furnace. Their land was stolen; their the village markets, treating the sick and preach- water supply cut off; they were dragged to the ing the Gospel. Then, one day, an old man called courts on false charges. There was one continued, me to his house, and said, "Padre Sahib, we in ceaseless effort to make them recant and cry out this house want to worship your God. Yours is for peace at any cost. The devil seemed to have the only religion that cares for the untouchables. entered into the hearts of their enemies, who were When your lady doctor was trying to save my determined to stop the rising tide. Yet it was of dying boy, the people looked on and said, 'She no avail.

must be a scavenger in her own country.' She North of the Godavery River, when I first vis- was the first who ever cared for us untouchables, ited these people they boycotted us i~ every vil- and so we want to learn about your J esu Swami." lage. We could see no one, speak to no one, and From that home, the Gospel spread to a thou- we could not even buy food. Wherever we went, sand other homes, and today, in that area alone, the villagers fled, as if we carried the plague. The tens of thousands of untouchables, have been bap- great landowning chief of the district had ordered tized after they have been thoroughly taught to this boycott, for he feared that if Christianity know Christ and His way of life. entered his villages the day of forced labor, by An old missionary of another church said to me, which he had grown rich, would pass away. Yet, "If we had gone on your plan and done the job as within two years, that very man sent runners a thoroughly we too should have a great harvest hundred and fifty miles, begging me to come to him. He had been ill, and when he had been given today." up as dead by the native doctors our young travel- For years we have rejoiced over this harvest. ing doctor had come and saved his life. When I Now, must we weep over it because of lack of reached the great Godavery River, he was waiting workers and support? in the midst of all his people; and there, on the river banks, we knelt in prayer. The boycott was For twenty-five years this harvest was entirely over, and today we have in that area thousands of amongst untouchables; but gradually the young strong Christians of all castes-and, best of all, people who have been through Christian schools the Bible is beginning to be read in the homes of have gone back to their villages, by their lives and our people. character have compelled the respect of those caste people who had always trodden them under- The Rev. E. L. Ananto Rao, a splendid Indian foot as slaves. minister (who came to England as representative for the Methodist Union meeting), is the moving One day a deputation of caste people came to spirit amidst this wonderful harvest. Each week me to ask for a young teacher. They said, "We his letters tell of more villages asking for the know he is an untouchable, but he is pure as gold, light. Are we to close the Bible to them? What and he has become our friend; we want him to answer will we give? come to teach us." Last December I attended his harvest thanks- This was only the beginning. That year, six giving when about two thousand people from all hundred caste Hindus from all over the country over the countryside came, bringing their offercame to Medak, and for three days they listened ings. All along the country roads there were and asked questions. Before they left they asked groups of people, the children and old women in for baptism, but our watchword in Hyderabad has bullock carts, and the village drummers going on always been "Thorough." We will baptize no one before. The young men had gone ahead to prepare unless we are sure he is prepared to stick to • From The Methodist Reco,'der, England, for the night meeting. They had put up a thou- [525 ]

sand lights, made of little burning cotton wicks, is not a penny for new evangelists, and that even lying in earthen saucers full of oil. These were those we have, living on one pound a month, must stuck on sticks, with a lump of clay, and they lit lose nearly two months salary in the year. up the whole place. As it grew dark the villages Is it possible that this great day of opport~nity for miles around could see the great Christian for which we have prayed so long, over which we "jatra." All night people were marching in with have rejoiced so much together, must now be al- their drums and their thank-offerings. The col- lowed to pass away, and that the golden harvest lection lasted about eight hours, for every man must be left to rot upon the ground?

and woman wanted to be prayed for and blessed.

Ananta Rao had told me that there was to be a great Communion service in the early morning; he wanted both caste and outcaste to come togeth- er to the Lord's Table. They have no church, and I feared they might be very tired, dirty and dis- orderly, for most of them had been up almost all night after a long tramp in the dust. Imagine my surprise when I arrived, to find two hundred and fifty men and women, mostly young people, evidently having risen before dawn to bathe and put on the clean clothing which they had brought all the way from their homes. The caste and out- caste were all mixed together, sitting on the ground, in quiet and perfect order. I think it was the most wonderful and inspiring Communion servic~ that I have ever seen.

To crown all, a whole family of high-caste Hin- dus came up for baptism, led by the eldest son, a village chief. Nine years ago he had come to say that he had been reading the Bible with one of our untouchable Christian boys, and he had heard the Master calling him. Even as this boy spoke to me, a great crowd of his relatives came to take him back home by force. For two days they stayed, trying in every way to get hold of him, and pleading with him to come back and give up his madness. At last, his mother and his family banged their heads on the ground in despair and began to chant a funeral song: "My son is dead, my son is dead." Nine years had passed since then; and now, that very family were standing there, all in white and looking so happy, all well prepared for baptism by their own son.

Such is the harvest waiting now for the reap- A PETITION FROM THE VILLkGE OF MAMDE ing. Is it to rot upon the fields? Translation-We poor villagers have heard of Jesu Just before leaving India a few months ago, I Swami the true God and we do not want to worship wood- en and stone idols any more. We have been bringing went to meet three hundred caste people in an- cattle and sheep to the Cholera goddess for hundreds of other village. They were all asking for teachers. years, but she has never done us any good. We have Half the night I sat with them, listening to them, sacrificed to all the gods but they have never helped us. as they tried to tell the story of Jesus and to sing Now our relatives have become men of Jesus and they are a few lyrics in order to show me that they were very happy, and their children are learning to read the really in earnest. One after another they started, Holy Jesus Book, but we have no Book and our eyes are and in a few moments they broke down, and blind because we cannot read. We. want to worship the stretching out their hands, they said pitifully, golden feet of Jesu Swami but there is no one here to "How can we learn, we have no one to teach us teach us. Can we never have the Holy Jesus Book for our children to read to us? Must we always be blind?

the Holy Book?" Please send us a teacher with the Golden Book. What was I to say to them? Shall we sound a Elders of Mamde- Bommerai Abe Bhoy, retreat? Weare told that seven of our mission- aries must come home from Hyderabad, that there Pichirai Poshe.

Crucial Issue in Latin

A Meditation on the Present Missionary Situation By REV. JOHN A. MACKAY, Ph.D.

-4f Secretary Presbyterian Board o~ Foreign Missions, Author of . – "The Other Spanish Christ" and "That Other America"

T HE issue that confronts Christian, mission ural and inevitable expressions of the Spirit of work in Latin America is the same that con- Christ-the ceaseless urge to do good to every- fronts it around the world. To what extent one and to do all things well as Jesus did. But is there emerging in Latin American countries, the missionary's chief concern will be not to do on pampa and sierra, in teeming cities and forest good but to create doers of good, in whom the wilds, a community of men and women, who hav- same Spirit that inspires himself shall be regnant. ing given themselves utterly to Jesus Christ, have For unless these are formed, the outpouring of become members of His Body, organ for His life, the lavish expenditure of gifts, the idealistic ceaseless activity? How far is the Christian orientation of thought, will become one day but Church being born-that special community whos·e a memory. function it is to bear witness to God in the world and fulfil His redemptive purpose for the world? It is the emergence of an indigenous Christian The only absolute criterion of the success of community that is the goal of the missionary's Christian missions is the birth and development aspiring. Such a community, if it is true to the of that kind of living fellowship. idea that lies at the heart of it, will be a witness- ing fellowship as the early Christian community With Latin America specifically in mind, let us was. Not lovers and admirers of Jesus, or even consider three reasons in support of the position isolated believers in the Christ, is the missionthat the crucial question in mission work in that ary's goal. His goal is a community, "a fellowarea, as in other areas, is the question of the ship of the Spirit," a community of people, that Church. is to say, who have been recreated by God's Spirit and welded into a fellowship. It is not the hold- 1. Because the birth and nurture of an indige- ing of services that will bind them together, nor nous church is the supreme objective of Christian loyalty to denominational forms. They will be missions. Missionaries do not go to any country modern sons and daughters of Pentecost, which primarily as the bearers of a Christian civiliza- as one has put it, "created a community of sacred tion, even if there were, which there is not, a kind love which frees humanity from all limitations of of civilization which merited that name. The naturalegotism." The new sense of togetherness function of the Christian Church, here or any- which they have experienced in Christ will make where, is not to create a new civilization but the them natural successors of those early Christians creators of a new civilization. Missionaries leave who went to the utmost limits in the sharing of their own country and civilization, in order to spiritual gifts and material possessions. The reproduce, wherever they go, the community of kind of community which is the goal of missionfaith to which they belong, not in any merely ary effort will live a life in which theory and denominational or sectarian sense, but conform- practice as closely coincide as they do in the most ing the new community, as nearly as possible, to rigorous of communistic thinkers. Alas that God's ideal for the corporate life of new men and such a community is so little in evidence in North women in Christ. America or in Latin America! Yet it, and it alone, must be the goal of missionary efforts both' Needless to say, Christian missionaries will here and there. communicate the best and truest things they know and give of the best things they have to the people This fellowship will bea witnessing fellowship. among whom they labor, as they will also combat, It will bear witness to God. It will do so as one by all legitimate means,every form of evil among has put it, by manifesting a gift of "perpetual them. Schools of different kinds will thus appear parentage." That is to say, the community will and hospitals, and other institutions for the pro- not exist for itself. It will live for truth, beauty motion of public welfare. These are all the nat- [527 ]

and goodness in their manifold forms. But above plying that to become so is the highest of all goals, all things it will bear witness to the Word of they should do so by learning of Christ at the God, to the reality of a Divine aggression in his- pristine source of Christian knowledge in the tory, in the person of Jesus Christ, to the reality Gospels.

of the Word Incarnate, and to the equal reality Another element in the new mood of Latin of Holy Scripture as the medium in which we America that can be regarded as a true prepara- can hear unerringly the voice of God. tion for an appreciation of Christianity, is the It is perfectly obvious that just as a Christian renunciation on the part of many choice spirits, mission, though incidentally a civilizing agency, of that spiritual traditional indifference which cannot undertake the task of civilizing a country, has been so universal, especially among the culso a Christian community in a country cannot tured class throughout the continent. Many assume responsibility for all that country's needs. younger intellectuals in Latin America decry the Its chief function will ever be, as a model human traditional philosophy of life which kept those fellowship, to bear witness to the Gospel that who laid claim to culture everlastingly upon the spectators' balcony. They are now descending there is good news from God to man. from their marble towers of contemplation and A Widespread Yearning for Reality sensuous enjoyment of life to take their place as crusaders upon the road. Inasmuch as it is im- 2. Because the new mood in Latin America possible for anyone to understand Christianity demands what only the Christian Church can sup- who does not put to himself the question, "What ply. There are times in the life of a country, or shall I do?" there stands before the Christian of a group of countries, in which there comes into forces today in Latin America, an unprecedented evidence a deep and widespread yearning for opportunity to unveil the meaning of the great Christian reality. That mood is operative today spiritual crusade which began with God, which in the deepest soul of Latin Americans. There is, is being carried on by God, and to enlistment in to begin with, a growing consciousness in many which God challenges men and women in our outstanding minds that the true future, their own time. Many have become used, for the first time, and their country's, is in some way bound up with to making irrevocable commitment of loyalty to Jesus Christ. Despite the fact that the historic a cause, who formerly regarded with disdain and religion of Latin America has been guilty to a as mere "sectarians" any who linked their lives to large extent of a grave betrayal of Jesus Christ, a single idea or any single loyalty. They are yet that name, through the instrumentality of the ready, therefore, to appreciate the meaning of Roman Catholic Church throughout the continent, . the Christian cause, the Christian crusade. They has been written into the continental conscious- will not be satisfied with anything. that rests in ness. So much so is this true that one ventures mere forms or ideas and that fails to have a to say that there is an increasing longing for a great passion, a great drive, at the heart of ittrue undertanding of Christ throughout the con- such a passion and such a drive as lie at the heart tinent. The same we believe will be true of Latin of true Christianity, as that ought to be expressed America that was true in the case of St. Augus- by a genuine Christian community. tine. Having learned about Christ from his mother, no system of thought, nor way of living, The Breaking Down of Individualism ever satisfied him through all the long years of his spiritual pilgrimage that had not Christ in it. And then there is the new craving for com- These memorable words of his in his Confessions radeship that is breaking down the old individ- may be read as true of some of the most represent- ualism of the Iberian soul. A young Spanish ative men and women in Latin America today, writer has recently taken to task the great think- "For this name, according to Thy mercy, 0 Lord, ers of his country, Miguel Unamuno and Ortega this name of my Saviour, Thy Son, had my tender Gasset, because they have been too individualistic heart, even with my mother's milk, devoutly in their thinking and have not sufficiently stressed drunk in as deeply precious; and whatsoever was the conception of collectivity. The younger gen- without that name, though ever so learned, pol- eration, he said, is interested in corporate living.

ished or true, took not entire hold of me." It is What an oppor-tunity for the Evangelical Church for this reason that the Argentine, Ricardo Rojas, in Latin America to unveil to the eager thought says, in his "Invisible Christ," that he believes of new Iberians and Indo-Americans the concep- that the destiny of his beloved Argentina is bound tion of corporate living that is at the heart of up indissolubly with Jesus Christ; and that the Christianity, to show how the Church, and the ex-President of Mexico, Portes Gil, affirms that Church alone, is in possession of the key to the if Mexican children are to become Christian, im- meaning of life, and alone is able to produce that

THE CRUCIAL ISSUE IN LATIN AMERICA

type of character which makes true social togeth- the undertaking, yet this is hardly so. With a erness possible! more careful study of the mental attitude of the 3. Because only the Christian Church can suc- cultured natives, and a more thorough grasp of cessfully resist the new "demonic" forces that are the significance of the Message and the methods making their appearance in Latin America and employed, the missionary should find ways of elsewhere in our time. The liberal era is rapidly reaching every class and every individual with the coming to an end, that spirit which took up an Gospel. But the preaching of the Gospel has been attitude of appreciation or tolerance towards confused with the formal exercise of Christian potent spiritual realities. But in our day new worship. It has seemed necessary to the missionand terrible forces are making their appearance. ary to have public prayer, hymn singing, and Christianity is no longer being admired or treated Bible reading as essential accompaniments of each with patronizing or disdainful airs. It is being presentation of his Gospel message. Now, to the ruthlessly challenged and combated by forces native, to stand up with the congregation and to which are demonic in their nature, inasmuch as . join in singing a hymn, or to unite in public they are to all intents and purposes new religions prayer, is identified with a strange worship.

that usurp the place of God on the modern stage. The greatest hindrance of all, perhaps, lies in Fascism in its various determinations is the most the method almost invariably adopted in starting potent "religion" in the world arena today. It a mission in new places. The first step is to find assails Christianity and tries to eradicate it, or a hall and furnish it with seats, an organ, and a it endeavors to subordinate it to its own pur- platform. But this hall with its meeting-furni- poses. The State is the new god. Stateolatry ture becomes a real obstacle between the mission- is the great religion of our time. Ours is there- ary and the community. The native who thinks fore a period when one of the chief, if not the he is going to get some material advantage-edu- chief task of Christianity, is to offer a spiritual cational facilities, economic protection, easy em- center of resistance to this new deity. This it ployment, etc., may break through the obstruc- must do uncompromisingly in the lists or in the tion; but the average high-minded native, the catacombs. It is abundantly evident that no dif- man – and still more the woman – who would used Christian influence has the slightest chance make the most desirable convert, will not.

of surviving the terrific onslaught of the crusad- The foreign character of the missionary &nd his ers of this new god. They only have a chance of methods has become so associated with the work surviving who are a "fellowship of the Spirit" of the Gospel that thoughtful Peruvians who are and who, knit together in a common experience thoroughly in sympathy with the spirit and purand pledged to a common loyalty, will not bow poses of the Protestant missionary, feel themthe knee to this new Baal but will bear testimony selves inhibited from any identification with the to the God and Father of our Lord Jesus Christ movement. Any participation in it seems to be and to His purpose for mankind. Think of Ger- treason against the traditions of their race. The many, think of Turkey, think of Mexico. In Peruvian finds it difficult to conceive of an edu- Turkey, alas, there is no Christian Church today cated native choosing to become a Protestant, alas the fruit of Christian missions. The great though it seems natural to think of the educated battleground of Christianity in our time is in the foreigner as being in place in the Evangelical parishes of the Third Reich. Mexico some months Church. If this difficulty is to be overcome, a ago, was in the throes of a campaign to eradicate larger percentage of the foreign missionaries Christianity and all religion from the conscious- must enter much more fully into the intellectual ness of the people. Only a living Church can stand in such a time. life of the native community. They must familiar- ize themselves not only with the language, but For all these reasons there comes a call to mis- also with the history, the problems, the aspirasionary societies at work in Latin America, to. tions, and the fears and prejudices of the people take earnest cognizance of the extent to which, through their efforts, living Christian communi- among whom they labor. And the missionary ties have been formed, which bear witness to God. must be prepared to alter his emphasis in the presentation of the Gospel so that while no less loyal to the teachings of our Lord, he may suc- . cessfully interpret these teachings so that they OVERCOMING HINDRANCES IN PERU shall appeal to the highest aspirations and the One of the greatest hindrances to the progress deepest feelings of the people to whom he has of the Gospel in Peru is the foreign element in the been sent.-From "The West Coast Republics of missionary and in his methods. At first sight South America," edited by Webster E. Browning, this might seem inseparable from the nature of John Ritchie, Kenneth G. Grubb; pages 91-92.

Bagby a Pioneer in

By INABELLE GRAVES COLEMAN, Richmond, Virginia Publici'ly Secretary, FOI'eign Mission Board of the Southern Baptist Convention "THE most marvelous thing I have seen dur- and sugar cane. During the past half-century ing this half century in Brazil was the there has been a five thousand per cent increase bloodless revolution-the fall of a great em- in Southern Baptists' harvest crop for the Mas- ter in Brazil. pire and the setting up of the Republic without bloodshed," said Dr. William B. Bagby, the senior Fifty-five years ago Dr. William B. Bagby and eighty-year-old missionary of the Southern Bap- his bride, Anne Luther Bagby, were appointed as tist Convention. Many radical reforms-such as pioneer missionaries to South America. Sailing from Baltimore, they spent forty-nine seasick days on the small, storm-tossed barque, before they came to anchor in Rio de Janeiro bay.

Unwelcomed and almost unnoticed, they slipped into this vast country, studied the Portuguese lan- guage and proceeded to the strategic city of Ba- hia, formerly the empire's political capital and still the nation's religious capital. The next two years were checkered with danger and persecu- tion, problems and suffering, all heroically borne.

Dr. Bagby bears a scar on his forehead today as a witness to one experience in Bahia. In a small rented hall while he was telling the Gospel story to a few souls who had dared to attend the service, a stone was thrown through the window and struck the young missionary on the fbrehead. He dropped to the floor and blood streamed down his face. Calmly his youthful life-partner minis- tered to him and silently witnessed for Christ in that tragic hour. Even the Catholics were im- pressed by the courageous way in which this brave young couple presented Christ as the living, con- quering Saviour to hungry-hearted people.

Other missionaries came and the first Baptist church was organized in Brazil. Then like Paul, always lengthening the cords, Dr. Bagby turned his face to a new field, the great capital city of Rio de Janiero. In August, 1934, the fiftieth an- DR. WILLIAM B. BAGBY-TODAY niversary of the organization of the First Baptist church in Rio was celebrated. With radiant joy these veteran missionaries reviewed the years during which the nine Baptists for all of South secularizing cemeteries, separation of Church and America had increased to more than 50,000. In State and proclaiming full religious liberty for all, the same period the two small churches had grown and the recognition of marriage vows-came to more than 500 with 1,500 preaching places, with the new day. Evangelical missionaries have with 718 Sunday schools, 226 Young People's had a large part in bringing these changes to pass. Unions, 400 Women's Missionary Societies, 60 Christ made it possible to bring about the revolu- Young Women's Auxiliaries, 200 children's soci- ' tion without war and bloodshed. "God has let eties, besides men's societies, two seminaries, two some of us old fellows help to build new nations," training schools, two junior colleges, four acad- said Dr. Bagby. Brazil is often called the coffee emies, 48 primary schools, a publishing house, a cup of the world but the percentage of increase Brazilian Foreign Mission Board, a Home Mission for Christ is greater than that from coffee trees Board and a National Convention.

[530 ]

Vitality in Missions*

By the REV. WILLIAM P. SCHELL, D.D., New York Secretary of the Board of Foreign Missions, Presbyterian Church, U. S. A.

I N THE life of the Church no cause has been we have basked in their reflected glory. Do not more inspiring, none more uplifting, none as misjudge them, nor slander them. Do not allow unselfish, none more heroic than the preaching yourselves to believe things about them that you of Jesus Christ to the world. It is a solemn thing know are not true. Why do they offer themselves to realize that when the foreign mission service as missionaries? Because of adventure, or for a of a Church prospers, the Church is blessed, and "lark" or to teach mathematics? By no means. that whenever a Church is false to its world mis- Nothing but a conviction that Jesus Christ is the sion or disloyal to its missionaries, the spiritual Son of God, nothing but an abiding faith that He life of the Church declines. We move forward died on the cross to save the world, nothing but into every worth-while service as we move for- an unshaken assurance that He rose from the dead ward with Him into His world. and is alive today can lead a man to leave his coun- try, his home and everything life holds dear here There have been discouragements in the year and to bury himself in the jungles of Africa, or that has just closed, and we would not hide them. in the great cities of the Orient. Love of Jesus Missionaries have lived and preached the Gospel Christ sent them out and consecrated devotion to in a world in upheaval; in the midst of an intense Him and His cross and His Gospel keep them out rising nationalism; in nations in some instances there. They do not ask for pity in their difficulincreasingly pagan and antireligious; in the face ties. But they do ask, and they have every right of growing skepticism, even in the home Church, to ask, and to expect, our understanding symas to the validity of Christianity; in the discour- pathy, our prayers, our gifts and our love. agements arising from the spiritual condition of the Church in the United States. . . . Proclaiming the Gospel There have been discouragements – but it has The past year has been a year of outstanding been a year of encouragement and victory. Those spiritual victory on the mission field. First of all, who are closest to the enterprise and who live in the preaching of the Gospel and in evangelistic with it every day thank God for this victorious results. In the face of paganism and of wide hosyear in the mission field. tility to Christ over 7,000 non-Christians were won to our Lord and were received into the Pres- Let us begin by holding up the spiritual morale byterian churches on confession of their faith of the missionaries.

In their living and in their dying, we behold the in Him. Thousands more were reached and en- best that the Church has to offer. They resent rolled in training conferences and brought under being placed on pedestals, they do not recognize the teaching of the Church. In some countries, themselves as heroic, but in all their work they for example, Mexico, this straight evangelism of- reveal to the home Church the possibilities of a fers us our greatest opportunity. Listen to these victorious life in Christ. One missionary in India words from the Mexico Mission: wrote: "We have had many problems, many diffi- Weare convinced that from now on we must depend culties, always a shortage of funds and an inade- upon personal seeking of souls for Christ, and upon per- quate staff, but in spite of this the work has gone sonal dealing with Christians to strengthen and build them on." This spirit of perseverance and hopefulness up more than upon institutions or special plans of work. is also revealed by them when they come home on Our institutions have a rather uncertain existence at presfurlough. ent, but the opportunity for personal evangelism and per- sonal comradeship is greater than ever. We need to search As one who is not a missionary but who knows for new ways of making contacts and then make these and loves them all, I hold up our missionaries as truly effective in reaching souls for the Saviour.

those who have gone out from our churches and Rev. Norman W. Taylor, while distributing lit- erature to soldiers on patrol, came one day to the • Condensed from an address delivered at the 147th General As- highest point along the road and tried to enter the sembly of the Presbyterian Church in the U. S. A .• Cincinnati, Ohio, outpost. The soldiers were hostile and one fanatic tried to force him to leave the enclosure. At that May 29, 1935. The full address may be had in leaflet form from the Presbyterian Board of Foreign Missions, 156 Fifth Avenue, New York.

[531 ]

moment the Commanding Officer appeared. When the Bible. Rev. William N. Blair, of Korea, tells Mr. Taylor explained his errand, he called his men of the Korean colporteur who, laying down his together and recommended the literature, took life on the banks of the Yalu River a half century him to fifteen camps, and personally superin- ago, threw pages from the Bible into the air, extended the distribution of the Gospel portions and claiming as he did so: "Everywhere the leaves of tracts. In describing the results, Mr. Taylor this book touch the shore, a Christian community writes these thrilling words: will arise."

Since this work opened up six regiments of cavalry and In view of these origins, it is not surprising to three battalions of infantry have been reached. Of these, find church-wide study of the Word of God in two regiments and one battalion have been so thoroughly Korea and a Church whose activities are built evangelized that I believe practically every man has hail upon His word. What a blessing would come to the Gospel presented to him. I believe that I can safely the home Church if we could have Bible confersay, withou£ any fear of exaggeration, that between seven ences such as those in Korea, enrolling from 500 and eight hundred men have expressed the desire to follow to 1,000 women or an equal number of men, many Christ. Among the officers, one major, four captains, and of them trudging many weary miles to study the fifteen lieutenants accepted Christ, and greatly helped us Word! And hear this testimony from North by their interest in seeing that all the men had an oppor- China: "There have been during the year more tunity of hearing the message. requests than ever for Bible classes, more oppor- tunities for preaching, more avenues for personal This story, in one form or another, is paralleled wor~, more students in government schools wantin many countries on the mission field. Henry ing instruction in Christian truths. Along with Martyn in Persia thought he could die content if the inspiration of these open doors goes the dehe could see one Moslem brought to Christ. Hun- pression arising out of inability to supply enough dreds of Moslems have come to Christ during the workers to meet the demands." Over 140,000 past year, many of them undergoing great suffer- children in your mission fields were enrolled in ing because of the step they have taken. The Sunday schools, studying the Bible regularly, and great revival in Africa has continued. Enormous many thousands more were enrolled in Bible incongregations attend all the services. They come stitutes and conferences. in unprecedented numbers to the Lord's Supper. Before one can be received into the church he is The spiritual life of the national churches is required, ordinarily, to wait for two years of test- also manifest in a degree of sacrifice and prayer ing and training. the home Church would do well to emulate. The native Christians, during the year, gave in con- Recent Reports from the Fields tributions or paid in fees a total of $1,639,045. Only when you stop to think of their incomes can In India there has been an increasing develop- you have any appreciation of this sacrifice. In ment in the movement in behalf of the 50,000,000 addition to these gifts of money there have been outcastes who constitute fourteen per cent of the gifts of hundreds of days of labor. One reason population. They have been turning to Chris- why they give such large amounts is because they tianity and Islam until Hindus are concerned over are not over-concerned with budgets, quotas, althe power they may have in Government. locations or apportionments. Many of those churches have budgets, but they always look upon Two missionaries in Siam reported an interest- a budget as a steppingstone to something higher ing visit to a village in which were a number of -never as a goal in itself. The average Christian Lao slaves. Only a handful of these slaves had on the mission field does not compare the giving ever received baptism. The missionaries gathered of his church with its record of the previous year together these slaves and their children and talked nor with the records of other churches. He to them about Christ, distributing literature and simply asks: "Am I giving as much as I should teaching them the Bible. give and can give to the Lord in view of what He has given to me?" When that spirit takes pos- When it came to the last day, to the surprise of session of the home churches, we will no longer everyone seven men, ten women and twelve or report deficits, for our mission budgets will burst fourteen teen-age young people came forward and open with new spiritual vitality and power. expressed their desire to follow Jesus. And they are praying. A missionary in Japan The spiritual vitality of the Church on the mis- writes this description of the Week of Prayer sion field is also seen in the fact that it is grounded which should give us pause: "The Week of Prayer on the Word of God. Proportionately speaking, during the first week in January is widely obthere are more Bible-believing, Bible-loving and served by all branches of the Christian Church in Bible-living Christians on the mission field than Japan. The subjects of the meetings were those in the Church at home. The Bible occupies no such place in the life of the Church in America as it does with mission fields. Indeed, many churches in those lands were literally founded by

SPIRITUAL VITALITY IN MISSIONS

prepared by the Committee in London for use I also am a man. Just as I, a follower of the Great throughout the world, and the Christians felt a Physician, have been able by the skill of surgery thrill at the thought of their praying in unison to enable you to see with your eyes, so also as His with bodies of believers in all lands. I had a bit follower I am not willing to allow you to leave this of a guilty feeling, for I was not at all sure that hospital without appealing to you to accept Him the churches in America were observing the cus- who can make you see for the first time with your tom any more. The evening in which interna- soul." There in that room I saw a governor of a tional questions were part of the program was province rise from his knees and give his heart marked by some fine prayers, breathing a Chris- to Jesus Christ. Our work is conducted in the tian spirit of world-wide brotherhood and inter- conviction that all missionaries should be evannational peace. Remember that they are praying." gelists.

The spirituality of the missionaries and the na- This is glorious work in His name. What are tive Christians is witnessed in their recognition you going to do about it? Today all churches of the fact that there is no phase of life which is stand at the crossroads in their Foreign Mission not touched by Christ. Through our mission programs. On the one hand, we have a world torn schools and colleges, through the miracles of heal- to pieces, groping its way-yet ready for the mesing in hospitals and dispensaries, through count- sage of the Saviour of the world. On the other less movements for social and economic justice, hand, we have the Church hesitant, worldly, its through temperance organizations and antiopium mind on other things. In between, we see a rising programs, through agricultural rehabilitation, and generation of young people, offering their lives in through a definite program to put an end to war places most of us would never be willing to enter. and to promote good will among men, the mis- A few weeks ago there appeared a manifesto, sionary enterprise recognizes the power of the signed by fourteen students of Princeton Theo- Gospel and applies it to human life. logical Seminary, expressing their eagerness to preach the Gospel of Christ in foreign lands and Some years ago, while on a visit to China, I had appealing to the Church, to individuals or local the unusual privilege of seeing a man recover his congregations "to share with us the responsibility sight. He was the governor of a large province resting upon all the followers of Christ, to send who had made a journey of 600 miles to a mission us out as your representatives to proclaim the hospital as that was the nearest hospital he could message of salvation." find. On the day of our visit the surgeon removed the bandages from the governor's eyes, as he lay Lift up your eyes on the army of youth ready in the dark room in our inadequate hospital, and to go to the field. Then lift up your eyes to the he saw for the first time in many years, the blue fields waiting for them and, as you look, recall sky, the green grass and men walking. He arose these words of a great preacher of yesterday: from his cot, fell on his knees, and kissed the sur- "Our missionary problems will be solved when our geon's hand again and again in gratitude. Now, spiritual problems are solved, when we live daily the medical missionary might have said to him: in the sight of God. Our local church budgets are "Your Excellency, don't mention it. It has been bankrupt because there are so many of us whose a great privilege to restore your eyesight. Go spiritual lives are bankrupt. We count our houses, and enjoy your sight." That in itself would have cars, stocks and bonds. We count everything and been a Christian deed. But I have always hon- everybody-except God!" ored him for what he did. He said to the kneeling patient: "My friend, stand on your feet, for Let us count God and His Son Jesus Christ and go forward in His name.

BOLSHEVISM AND CHRISTIANITY Basil Mathews describes bolshevism as having the missionary spirit of a world religion "with a strong fighting faith, and a world program. It cannot be conquered by denunciation or derision. We who hold Communism to be based on the denial of the very root reality of the universe–that the Creator is Spirit and is Father-have a greater and truer faith, that conceives for all the world a full salvation of the whole individual, body, mind, and soul; and of the community which those individuals constitute. But Christianity can confront victoriously the greatest of all contemporary challenges-that of Bolshevism-if its followers, with unity of purpose and sacrificial heroism, live by that faith to build a world community from which the clash of classes, the war of nations, and the antagonism of races are banished under the sovereignty of God who made us all."

Galvao, a Brazilian

N EARLY fifty years ago Egydio Galvao was grew, the women coming from the best classes of converted and accepted the Lord Jesus as society-difficult work demanding a charming his Saviour. He lived in the country some personality. Dulce made, and is making, Jesus so days' travel by horseback from the City of Bahia. beautiful to those women who only knew to serve Immediately after his conversion, friends became images.

his enemies, and the Roman Catholic clergy was One day there came into the classes a young highly indignant. But Senhor Egydio bravely man representing. a well-known company. He went his way preaching the Gospel. He was asked to speak of his products. Thereafter he was seen on my front porch, late every afternoon.

Finally he said to me, "You know, Mrs. White, I am not coming down here every afternoon to rep- resent my company." To which I replied, "I know that, I wasn't born yesterday." He told me that he loved and wanted to marry Dulce. She bought a Bible, marked it and presented it to the young man. I heard her tell him of Jesus and His power. He came to church several times and then he said, "Its no use, Dulce, I can't be a hypocrite.

I can't believe; I'd give anything if I could have your faith, but I can't. However, after we are married, I'll never interefere with your religion."

Time went on, and they planned a happy future.

One day a cloud came over Dulce's face, and the next day she came to me and said, "I cannot do it!" "Can't do what?" I asked and she replied, "Oh, I can't marry that man." Looking up she saw the young man approaching, and she grabbed my hand, exclaiming, "And you've got to tell him."

"But," I protested, "he didn't ask me to marry him." I went with her. He smilingly presented her with a beautiful watch. Looking him in the face she said, "Please put that into your pocket and listen to me. I have done wrong, for I never should have fallen in love with you. I cannot marry you." The young man's face blanched, and DULCE GALVAO, OF BRAZIL he recoiled as if struck. "Why, why Dulce," he begged. With a white face, and a voice filled with beaten and stoned-almost unto death, but he and deep emotion she said, "Because you are not a his cheery wife, Maria, kept on their way with Christian. I know you have said that you would the Lord. Their children were given a Christian not interfere with my religion. But listen-my home at a great cost. One of the daughters, grandfather risked his life for the Gospel. He named Maria, married a Christian and established and grandmother, at a great price, gave my a Christian home into which was born a girl, mother a Christian home. My mother and father Dulce Almeida Galvao. Dulce was taught to love gave me a Christian home. Here I am, a third Jesus and to know the Bible stories, and at the generation Christian, a product of two Christian age of 13, publicly confessed Christ. She finished homes. I know what the Bible teaches. How her education at the Collegio Americano Baptista could I let my- Jesus down that way? I could· in Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil, and asked the Lord not have a Christian home with you. No, I must to show her a place to work. About that time be true to Jesus." She has recovered from the Mrs. Kate C. White had opened up classes in Do- shock of disappointment and now says, "I shall mestic Science in the City of Bahia, the capital of never marry unless it be to a Christian man."

Dulce's native state. Dulce was invited to teach Her life is counting in a beautiful way for the cooking and live with the Whites. The classes Gospel, among the better classes in Bahia, Brazil.

[534 ]

March of Events in

-eil.!oll==B_Y=KE=N_N_E_T_H=G_._G_R_U_B_B_,_L_O_O_d_oo_,_E_o_g_1a_o_d=~ll~ T HERE are factors in the situation in Mexico convergent process,es at work, even if at any given today which would make it inadvisable to dis- moment they are not clearly distinguishable from cuss certain of the present features and tend- one another.

encies at length. It is useless, however, to deny The chronological sequence of the more importhat during the last eighteen months the general tant of these events was somewhat as follows. On position has gravely deteriorated. More recently December 5, 1933, the reform of Article 3 was (and at the time of writing, July, 1935) there officially brought forward in the convention of the have been signs of some moderation in the anti- National Revolutionary Party held at Queretaro. religious process. As is well known, this reform substitutes "social- ist education" for "lay" education. "Socialist edu- The events of the last two years in Mexico may cation," although it has never been officially deroughly be classified as follows: (1) The Educational Reform, culminating in the re- fined in clearly intelligible terms, is meant to imply form of Article 3, approved by the Senate on October 19, in effect irreligious education. It is unnecessary 1934, and followed in 1935 by new regulating decrees. to say more on this very important step, as the point has more than once been referred to in these (2) The University Conflict, initiated by the protest of pages. the National Autonomous University against the reform of Article 3, on July 30, 1934, and followed by the closing of the Universities of Guadalajara and Monterrey. In January, 1934, the Six-Year Plan was pub- (3) Extreme measures in several states, initiated by lished. This is an attempt to draw out a coor- dinated scheme of government, forwarding tbe General Calles' public commendation of Tabasco on M,arch social objective of the regime through intelligently 29, 1934, followed on May 20th by suspension of religious ministry in Sonora and in October by similar measures in other states. (Last July, President Cardenas decreed directed administrative action; incidentally it enthe downfall of Garrido's power in Tobasco.) dorses "socialist education." A month later the Attorney-general issued a long circular dealing (4) The new open conflict with the Roman Catholic with the subject of nationalization of religious Church precipitated on October 22d by the alleged dis- property. Both the question of a nationalist polcovery of conspiracy on the part of the Apostolic Delegate.

(5) A moderate stage, initiated by explanation on Feb- ruary 16, 1935, that the postal decree was only aimed at icy, as well as that of education, were carried a politico-religious propaganda, and followed up by moder- stage further in March when on the fifteenth a ating statements of the President on April 14th and 15th. recommendation was made that the liberal profes- This stage was further marked by the revocation of the sions be reserved to Mexican citizens; while decree against the circulation of religious literature on June 25th. studies made in unincorporated private schools (6) In June the Cabinet was reorganized. Its two most were declared to be void of public validity.

radical members, Garrido and Calles, were left out, and On March 6th a new tendency became apparent General Cedillo, considered a centrist, was admitted. with the declaration by the actual President, Car- (7) On August 31st, a new decree on nationalization of church property was issued. It is more radical than the denas, commending Tabasco as the model state of one formerly in existence. the Republic. Later in the same month General Calles returned from that state and bestowed (8) As the result of a new radical drive to gain con- lavish praise on its achievements. The next state trol of the National University, the University's authorities decided to close and await for President Cardenas'

decision either granting or refusing further support. The to suspend all religious ministry was Sonora radical wing appointed a new Rector (President) on (May 20th) of which Rodolfo Elias Calles was Governor. A commission of school teachers from September 24th. The situation is uncertain.* These periods are not, in reality, so clearly de- Sonora had previously visited Tabasco. The infined as this classification would tend to show. cident is interesting as it exemplifies the appear- The actual events have overlapped and been inter- ance of the same spirit in geographically remote twined with each other. But in a situation as parts of the Republic.

complicated as the Mexican it is always an as- The educational question came again into the sistance to form some slight idea of the different foreground in July. General Calles made an im- portant speech in Guadalajara when he declared Ba*ezThCeamitaermgos, 6o,f 7Meaxnidco 8Ciatyre.-EkDinITdlOyR.furnished by Prof. Gonzalo that it was the right of the Revolution to educate [ 535] .

its own children.* Three days later, on July 23d, It is necessary to note that quite apart from the project for the reform 6f Article 3 was pre- these official actions of one kind or another, there sented to the Chamber. A week later the Na- has been a certain amount of general antireligious tional Autonomous University protested against activity carried on. To say that this by no means the tendentious nature of this reform. The Uni- has the President's approval, although it carries versity School of Monterrey was closed on Sep- the endorsement of one or two leading men, would tember 28th, and the University of Jalisco on Oc- probably be a correct interpretation of influential tober 22d, but by October 19th the reform had Mexican opinion on this question. In assessing been approved by both deputies and Senate. the significance of such propaganda there are cer- Meanwhile, on September 26th, another extremely tain facts to be taken into consideration. Firstly, important reform was passed, which limits the the enthusiasm behind any movement is always conditions of permanency in the tenure of the greatest at its beginning. Secondly, extreme higher judicial posts. measures advocated by minorities tend to attract On October 22d all the Roman Catholic churches attention and create their own advertisement.

in Queretaro were closed; there are practically Thirdly, the temporary significance of a move- no Evangelical 'churches in the state. Two days ment is often proportional not to its real value, later the religious ministry was suspended in but to the contrast it involves with accepted ideals.

Chihuahua and all Roman Catholic churches closed Ten thousand couples live quietly day by day in in Colima; there is also only a very small evan- any community, but a single case of divorce is gelical work in this state. After a further interval heralded on all the headlines. Nevertheless it of two days all churches were closed in Sinaloa. would be a grave error to underestimate the force The quarrel with the Roman Catholic Church and appeal of antireligious propaganda in the was simultaneously carried into a wider field. On world today.

October 26th the Bishop of Chilapa and the priests Anti-Christian Propaganda in Guerrero were ordered to leave, and the next day it was announced that an alleged conspiracy These considerations justify brief comment.

of the Apostolic Delegate had been discovered. Christians, in all parts of the world and in all Before the month was out this matter had been situations of life, must face the fact that propa- officially handed over by the President to the At- gative enthusiasm has passed from Christian pos- torney-general for investigation, and the Arch- session to that of their opponents. The maturity bishop of Oaxaca had been ordered to leave the of Christianity is being accompanied by a kind of country. Early in November the Attorney-gen- fatty degeneration of the conscience. The cru- eral found that cause existed for proceeding sading and even the prophetic spirit has today against the Bishop of Huejutla, the Archbishop of become incarnate anew, not in the ranks of the Morelia and the Apostolic Delegate, who were not, Christian Church, but in the camps of those to however, in the country. whom religion is a soporific and the Church but General Cardenas assumed the office of Presi- one of many institutions which have burdened dent on December 1st. Early in January decrees humanity with temples and priests. Even in a were issued regulating the subject of education in country like Mexico Evangelical activity is, with private and secondary schools. On January 28th certain exceptions, threatened with the pervasion the President made a public statement denying of a kind of nervous tension which renders a for- the existence of religious persecution. On Feb- ward movement exceedingly difficult. The anti- ruary 12th the use of the post was forbidden for religious spirit, although propagative, is in itself correspondence which "may imply propagation or destructive; it is quite false to suppose that it is diffusion of any religious doctrine." Four days responsible for social construction. It is well later, however, the Secretary of the Interior de- expressed in the words of Mephistopheles: clared that this prohibition concerned religious I am the Spirit publications that contained public comment or That evermore deny-and in denying defamatory attack of the Government or its insti- Evermore am I right-"No!" say I, "No!" tutions. On April 14th the President took occa- To all projected or produced-whate'er sion to state that the regime was in no sense Com- Comes into being merits nothing but munist, and the next day he denied that there was Perdition-better then that nothing were Brought into being; what you men call sin- any intention to attack the "religious conscience" Destruction-in short, evil-is my province, of the people; the Government was seeking only My proper element.

to exterminate "fanaticism." Since this date the A few of the broader aspects of the situation general situation has been somewhat easier. also require study. The Mexican religious ques- tion is a part of a much larger field of thought • I have given the substance of these statements elsewhere. See which must include the relations of Church and World Dominion, July, 1935.

THE MARCH OF EVENTS IN MEXICO

State, the threatened collapse of the world-reli- thought. How do these new circumstances affect gions, and the problem of human liberty in many the relations between Catholics and Evangelicals?

parts of the world. How far shall we meet them by emphasizing our The breakdown of Pan-Islam, the fall of the specific approach, and how far by identifying our Caliphate, and the disestablishment of religion in own problems with that of Christianity in Latin Turkey meant that secularism had successfully in- America, or the world, as a whole? What new vaded one of the world's great religions precisely light do we draw from these events on the work- in the regions where it was considered strongest. ing of evil and the powers of the Satanic? Has With the failure of the Russian Orthodox Church the day of "missions" in some parts of the world the weakness of one of the historic Christian almost ceased, and ought we to envisage the fu- churches also became apparent; a population of ture more in the nature of a world interchange of a hundred million had to be written off the reli- spiritual culture? Is there any reason to suppose gious capital of the race, precisely in a country that, in the face of antireligious fanaticism, the where mystical, and even religious sentiment to Christianity of today has a greater survival value all appearances had made a strong appeal. Chris- than Nestorianism or the North African Church?

tianity was no longer immune against the inroads Are our churches at home, in the countries where of secularism. The secularism of many countries they cannot maintain the personal link through dominated by the Roman Catholic Church has long missionaries and institutions, ready to make the been confessed, but that church had avoided an same spiritual investments as heretofore? Or is "official" collapse in any of its territories. But in our brand of exportable Christianity the type that Mexico it seems that such a collapse is taking can be stopped by frontiers and laws? How are place. Of the historic Christian churches, it re- we to meet the challenge that we have lost the mains to be seen whether Protestantism in Ger- emotional control of masses of mankind? How many will be able to withstand the storm. far is the institutional expression of Christianity an adequate one in Mexico, and how far may the A Test of Mission Work work have to pass through a process of "fraction- It is a situation which will also test the whole alization"? Have we, in our work of diffusion character of the work which has been built up and creation, anticipated or adapted ourselves to through the devoted labors of mission boards, developments of the Mexican's own capacity for their representatives and supporters. The Church expression – in fact, do we pursue a really inin China has had to face these experiences and digenous policy? These are a few, only a few, of the many questions which a situation such as the their effect was temporarily depressing, but pos- Mexican suggests. sibly ultimately beneficial. In Russia the evangelical community is different in origin and or- The present difficulties have not befallen us beganization, and little information is available as cause we are modernists, or fundamentalists, or to its real status today. In Turkey the Christian attend church rather than chapel, or retreat minorities were "liquidated" after the War by rather than camp meeting; but because we are political action, and the problem hardly exists. selfish men; because we have loved ease more But in Mexico the Evangelical Church forms the than sacrifice; because we have preferred ourmost important of the country's minorities. It , selves to our Church, our Church to our Chrisstands in close spiritual relation to the churches tianity; our Christianity to our Lord Himself; of the United States, and its future will be fol- because we have lowered the level of our aim that lowed with prayer and interest, and we should we may the more easily enjoy the complacency of further remember that it is Mexican example our success. These are the things that make us which is liable to be copied in the rest of Latin unfit to minister to the world's need, and from these we need to pray to be cleansed. America.

We should not suppose that the Mexican situa- tion is impervious to influence. If it deteriorates further it may well be because of our own inertia Four needs of the modern world are: (1) A reas Christians, and this should be remediable. But creation of individual Christian life, with an enorwe must identify ourselves with the universal mous increase of conversions in the church and the agony of Christianity, and not attempt to evade sense of the presence and power of God, with self crucified; (2) a new fellowship of Christians, noth- responsibility by special pleading, however valid. ing less than the fellowship of the Holy Spirit; (3) We must once more find the solvent for the world's a recreation of the sense of mission to reconstruct spiritual contempt in the agelong vicariousness of the whole of life, standing for a new life in Christ, suffering. By so doing we shall take the more with no compromise; (4) a better realization that effective, because much the more difficult, course. Christ is in life today and moving IUs Church.- Bishop Logan H. Roots.

There are a few questions which require

We Interest Men in Missions?

-411 By the REV. GEORGE A. BROWN Pastor of the First United Presbyterian Church, Elyria, Ohio THE whole problem of interesting men in mis- women and the children of the Church. More sions is, in its final analysis, a matter of than this, it is primarily the work of Christian interesting men thoroughly, heartily, and en- men to make Jesus Christ known to the world for thusiastically in Jesus Christ Himself. The en- when our Lord began this great enterprise He entire missionary enterprise of His Church centers trusted the task to men. The historian Harnack in Him, its living, glorified, has remarked of the first three ever-present Head and Lord. Here are some interesting centuries of the Christian era, As Bishop T. U. Dudley says, facts about a most important that "we cannot hesitate to be- "The man who does not believe problem in the c h u r c h. lieve that the great mission of in carrying the Gospel of Jesus HS 0 m e bod y said that it Christianity was in reality ac- Christ unto all men every- caoheualddna'tndbediddoint.e" sTo hhee Mweenn'st complished by means of in- Missionary League of the where does not believe in Jesus Elyria Church has been given formal missionaries"; that is, Christ. No interest in missions widespread and favorable no- by what we now call laymen. means no interest for that par- tice. The Board of Administicular thing for which Jesus tration of the United Presby- Why is it then that today the was content to be born and to terian Church has told of the work of Christian missions is live and to die. . . . Yes, no work in a leaflet entitled, HAn largely in the hands of the interest in missions means no Adventure in Masculine Mis- women of the Church, espeinterest in the Lord Himself." sions,tt sent to all pastors in cially in the local congrega- Athnedecrhsuornchsa. ys:AHs ItDhra.s Wce.aseBd. tions? They are doing a mag- The men we have in mind in to be an experiment, and has nificent piece of work and may this discussion are Christian become an accomplishment!' God bless them in it. But as a men, men who know Jesus Several missionary periodicals result many look upon the en- Christ experimentally as their tire missionary movement as a personal Saviour and Lord. women's undertaking, and not Only such men can be expected as something to challenge the to concern themselves about have called attention to the serious and active devotion of Christ's mIssIOnary passion, work, and as a result inquir- strong Christian men. At the and purpose, and program. ies have come from twelve Younger Men's Missionary This question of how to in- states, east to west, and are Congress in Chicago last May, terest men in missions takes at still coming,. The story of a delegate reported at one of least two things for granted: the League has been told with the group conferences, that a first, that Christian men ought encouraging results at Cleve- man, when asked to give to lealsnedw, heCrehiacnadgob,asAbekernonbroaanddto be interested in missions, casted over the radio. AI- missions, replied: "I contribute and second that men can be in- to the pastor's salary and to terested in missions. The only ready similar men's organiza- provide heat and light for the question, therefore, that calls tions are being formed in church; you'll have to see my for an answer is just how this other churches. wife about missions." interest may be generated, de- "Why are the men of the veloped, directed and made Church not as interested in productive of definite, practical results. Consider missions as are the women?" This very question first the imperativeness and possibility of this the Christian Illen of India 'Iare asking. Dr.

matter. That men ought to be interested in mis- Stephen J. Corey, President of the United Chris- sions grows out of the fact that the great mission tian Missionary Society, tells of conducting an of the Church is missions. Since men constitute, open forum in India with some Indian Christian in part, the membership of the Church of the Lord leaders, mostly men, who asked, "Are your women Jesus Christ, missions is most certainly "a man's and children interested in sending the Gospel to job," just as much as it is the business of the India?" When he replied that probably two- [538 ] thirds of the money for foreign work in his com- of prayer. The book of "The Acts" makes this munion came from the women and the Sunday plain as does the history of Christian missions schools, their astonishment was unbounded, and since the first century of the Church's life. There one of them said, "Why, sahib, we in India have was also a very definite purpose; after three un- always felt that Christianity was a man's religion. successful attempts had been made to get the men . . . Why are the Christian men of America'less together and to hold them together, to organize interested in bringing Christ to us than are the them around the missionary objective. Finally women and children?" In answer, Dr. Corey tol.d there was the pursuit of this end in the spirit of them that the women in America were definitely patient persistence which the Lord has so wonder- organized for the study of missions and therefore fully blessed. His hand has been so manifestly knew more about missions and were naturally present and powerful that we ascribe to Him the more interested and were doing more for mis- glory and praise of it all.

sions than the men who were not so organized. Men and Missions Sunday Why Are the Men Not Organized? Lord's Day morning, November 19,1933, marks This suggests the further question: Why are the formal beginning of this movement in Elyria.

the men of our local churches not organized and That was "Men and Missions Sunday" and the doing the same kind of missionary work as the pastor preached especially to his men on the sub- women? Here is the reason: In addition to the ject, "Missions – A Man's Job," based on Acts fact already stated, that this whole undertaking 1: 8. In closing he appealed to them to organize to make Christ known to the world is regarded as a real Men's Missionary Society, calling a meeting being largely a strictly feminine affair, there is for this purpose the next evening. Fifteen men the general and deeply rooted conviction that the met with the pastor in response to the challenge work of organizing the men of our local churches of the previous day. From that night meetings for definite, systematic mission study and specific were held twice a month, for a period of six missionary service, simply cannot be done. Even months, under the pastor's leadership, until the the leaders of the missionary movements of the organization was completed, May 21, 1934, by the men of our Evangelical churches are decidedly adoption of a constitution, the election and instal- skeptical as to the possibility of this thing. When lation of officers, and the appointment of commit- we were thinking of organizing a Men's Mission- tees. Ever since that time meetings have been ary Society in our Elyria Church, a letter was held on the third Monday evening of the month – written to the Secretary of the Laymen's Mis- a time found to be the most suitable time for our sionary Movement asking him for any help that men. The membership at present is 40, being he could give us in launching this new enterprise. about 60% of the men on the church membership Mr. F. J. Michel replied, "We do not recommend roll. The average attendance from the beginning the organization of men's missionary societies, has been 27, for the last year 31, and for the last since they cannot be maintained continuously, as five months 36, including several neighboring pas- is the case with the women." (Mr. Michel, him- tors and some of their men.

self, thinks otherwise now.) Beside the usual officers for such an organiza- The second point in our theme is that men can tion, there are membership, program, project, be interested in missions because they ought to boys' work, welfare, and social committees.

be. The divinely imposed command insures the Monthly missionary meetings include worship, possibility. The very imperativeness of this task business, an educational program and a social assigned to the men of the Church of our Lord is period. During the year there were five meet- the" prophecy of its accomplishment. Christian ings with special speakers, four were conducted men can be brought together and they can be held by members, and three were in charge of the together in a missionary organization with con- pastor. Regular mission study courses have been tinuous monthly programs of spiritual worship followed and our present missionary proj ect is and missionary education and service, with the the support of a native evangelist in the Sangla finest Christian fellowship and increasing devo- Hill District of our mission in the Panjab, India.

.tion to their Lord. It has been done, and thus This evangelist's inspiring name is Gulam Masih, the possibility is fully demonstrated by the Men's which means "Slave of Christ." Later we hope Missionary League of the First United Presby- to have some definite work in a home mission field terian Church of Elyria, Ohio. Weare now ready for we believe that "the field is the world," so to answer the question "How?". that interest in missions anywhere means interest It is not necessary to say that this work is the in missions everywhere.

fruitage of prayer, of much prayer, for every for- One of the most encouraging things in the short ward movement in missions has been the result history of our Men's Mission'ary League is the

marked influence it has had on the life and work that we covet above all things. But the responsiof the Women's Missionary Society. At the end bility for human leadership most undoubtedly of the first year of the League the president and rests on the local pastor more than upon any other treasurer of the Women's Society were asked this living person. This is what our missionary statespointed question: "Has the Men's Missionary men think. Dr. John R. Mott, writing of the work League been a help or a hindrance to the work of of promoting missionary education and activity the Women's Missionary Society?" Their replies throughout the Church, by means of local Men':=; revealed the marked increase in membership, at- Missionary Societies, says: "There are reasons tendance, interest, offerings, cooperation between why the subject of the world's evangelization the men and the women, willingness to help in the should appeal with special force to men, and to work, and the growth of the missionary spirit the strongest men. . . . This greatest work of the generally in the Women's Missionary Society. world languishes in no small measure because of During the first year of the Men's Missionary the lack of their initiative and aggressive support. League the Women's Society gained 500/0 in active It rests with the pastors to call more largely into membership, 3470 in general offerings, while the action this vast latent power."

thank-offering for 1934 was 43 % above that of Dr. Mills J. Taylor, Associate Secretary of the United Presbyterian Board of Foreign Missions, 1933. The total missionary budget offerings of who has contributed so largely to the success of the entire congregation for the church year end- our Men's Missionary League, says, that "Proging March 31, 1935, were 137 % over those of the ress in these matters depends more upon the enprevious year. The Elyria W. M. S. was given thusiasm, and devotion and loving persistence of the highest efficiency rating of all the thirty so- a prayerful pastor than upon any other person." cieties of the Cleveland Presbytery, for the work of the last year. The president of our local so- The great need of this new movement for "Men ciety generously attributed their high standing to and Missions," therefore, is warm-hearted, wholethe influence of the Men's Missionary League. hearted pastoral leadership. Such leadership a goodly proportion of the men of our churches will Encouraging Possibilities follow. The result will be the realization of such triumphs of God's grace and power in the realm This record shows something of the possibili- of missions as will compel us to magnify and bless ties of a real Men's Missionary League, carried His glorious name for what He has done through on continuously, twelve months in the year, in an us. When Deborah and Barak were given the average congregation, and with growing power victory over Jabin, king of Canaan, the captain and popularity. Clearly this form of activity, that of whose host was Sisera, we read (Judges 5: 2, some said could not be done, can be done, for it American Standard Revision): "For that the has been done. We know of other groups of men leaders took the lead in Israel, for that the people who have joined this new movement. In Novem- offered themselves willingly. Bless ye Jehovah." ber, 1934, a similar organization was formed at Let the pastors, the divinely appointed leaders of Ezel, Kentucky, and in May, 1935, a Men's Mis- God's people today, actually lead in this men's sionary League was formed in the Margaret Park missionary movement and their men will willingly Church of Akron, Ohio. We hope and pray for offer themselves, and will bless "the God that the largest realization of the possibilities of this doeth wonders." It may not be amiss to remind work in local congregations throughout the entire ourselves that in this same chapter (5: 23) we Church. The eyes of missionary leaders in other read, "Curse ye Meroz, said the angel of Jehovah, communions are upon us and they are anxiously curse ye bitterly the inhabitants thereof, because waiting to see whether we really make good so they came not to the help of Jehovah, to the h~lp that they may know whether to adopt the plan. of Jehovah against the mighty." Mr. Fred J. Michel, of the Laymen's Missionary Movement, says: "I am so glad that the United Here, then, is our challenge. What are we go- Presbyterian Church has taken the matter up. In ing to do about it? If the men of our churches the measure in which it will succeed, we may hope ought to be aroused to a greater interest in Chrisfor the adoption of the plan by other denomina- tian missions, and if their organization into their tions." own missionary societies is not only possible but practicable, and if the responsibility rests upon If this work is to succeed, who is primarily re- us, the pastors, how can we be true to ourselves, sponsible for it? On the divine side it is the work true to our men, true to the unevangelized multiof the Spirit of God and we need to give to Him, tudes of the world, and above all true to our Lord the great Executive of the Godhead in this age of Himself, unless we do all in our power to realize grace, His rightful place in this whole undertak- this definite, spiritual, missionary objective? And ing. It is His presence, and power, and presi- "We can do it, if we will"; or better, "He can do dency in this promising missionary movement

THE GERMAN NEO-PAGAN FAITH MOVEMENT

it, if we will." Shall we not, then, in the face of and Saviour Jesus Christ. In the words of our the world's need of Christ, and with His command Men's Missionary League Rallying Song: ringing in our ears to "go, and preach the Gospel to every creature," and as the natural expression Came now, ye Christian men, of our own life in Him, with our whole heart, an- Obey your Lord's command; swer this call and challenge by saying, "By thy grace we will." Pray Him to send forth laborers In this and every land. What better time is there to begin this work than on the coming "Men and Missions Sunday," Present your gifts to Him, November 17, 1935? Let each pastor preach that Your silver and your gold; day to men, more earnestly than ever before, to show that "Missions Is a Man's Job." Then call But first of all, yourself He asks, a meeting for the organization of a Men's Mis- That He your life may mold. sionary League; pray, plan, proceed as the Holy Spirit may lead. God will touch men's hearts and Go forth, Ye Christian Men, the fruitage will be great. May God give you such Proclaim His name abroad; an experience, for the sake of His Son, our Lord That sinners far and near, may come To know the Son of God.

He gave His life for you, His precious blood He shed; Serve Him who saves you by His grace, The Church's Living Head.

The German Neo–Pagan Faith Movement By REV. W. O. LEWIS, D.D. I~­ European Representative of the American Baptist Foreign Mission Society I T HE main facts about the religious controversy Hauer was born in 1881. As a young man he in Germany are well known and many have worked as a stonemason and so came into close heard about the movement in the Evangelical . contact with many irreligious people, but he also Church which calls itself "German Christian." knew certain pious folk who had considerable in- The press has also reported the speeches of Gen- fluence on him. He decided to become a mission- eral Ludendorff in which he prides himself on ary and entered the training school of the Basel the fact that he is in no sense a Christian. Most Missionary Society. Being exceedingly gifted, he of those who direct the affairs of the "Third soon mastered all his teachers had to offer him Reich" have broken more or less with Christian- and went to India as a teacher in a high school.

ity. But relatively little is known of what is prob- He has since stated that when the Missionary So- ably the most serious of the Neo-Pagan organiza- ciety offered to send him to India, he told the tions, The German Faith Movement (Deutsche directors he was not sure that he was a Christian Glaubensbewegung). and some of the older missionaries objected to There were pagan organizations in Germany at sending him out.

the end of the last century and many new ones When he reached India, he began to study In- have sprung up since the War. After Hitler came dian religion and took up the study of Sanscrit.

to power, they were afraid they would not be Later he went to Oxford and when the War broke tolerated, but in October, 1933, they were as- out he was interned by the British Government.

sured that the new Government would not under- His experience during the next four years had a take to suppress them. At Easter, 1934, repre- profound influence on his development. By the sentatives of various pagan organizations united time the Hitler regime was established, he had under the name of German Faith Movement. renounced Christianity openly. His book, Deu- They met at Schwarzfeld in a natural cave known tsche Gottschau (German View of God) may be as the "stone church" which is said to have been taken as the most complete and authoritative ex- used as a place of pagan worship before Chris- position of the Neo-Pagan German Faith Move- tianity was introduced into Germany. Professor ment.

William Hauer, a professor in the University of This movement is already well organized all Tiibingen, was elected head of the organization. over Germany. An effort is made to keep the

membership limited to those who are sure they that Christianity furnishes a sufficient basis for know what they believe or do not believe and morality. According to German press reports, why. It is claimed that there are 20,000 mem- recently in large meetings, Hauer and other rep- bers in these smaller fighting organizations, but resentatives of the movement have openly as- Hauer himself thinks he has evidence that there serted that Christianity has not only lamentably are at least 5,000,000 in Germany today who may failed to furnish the ethical foundations which are be classed as adherents, and the number is said needed today, but has actually brought great to be growing. The movement has its weekly and harm to Europe, having prepared the way for Bol- monthly periodicals, and is already giving a sort shevism. They claim that prostitution and bawdy of training to those who are active in the propaga- houses did not exist in Germany before Chris- tion of paganism. They have adopted a ceremony tianity came. German Faith ethics can be best for the dedication of children to take the place of learned by studying the biography of Frederick infant baptism and also have pagan wedding cere- the Great and other great German heroes. The monies. Besides lectures and various public military virtues are exalted. There is a limit to rallies, they have pagan ceremonies around trees the sacrifices the strong must make for the weak.

on high places. Most of the leaders are educated In some cases they say that it would be better to and are men of clean, moral lives. The movement allow the weak to perish, and in many cases men makes a strong appeal to certain young men who and women should be sterilized so that they can- made the Hitler revolution. Hauer and his friends not reproduce their kind. The individual counts claim that the religion they preach is the true for very little, the State is everything. The Ger- spiritual and philosophical basis of the Nazi revo- man Faith approves of war and the joy of battle lution. This movement is now not only tolerated for the nation's honor. Along with courage there by the Nazis, but is even allowed privileges which goes a certain fatalism. The German Faith man the churches cannot get. They are permitted to does not desire the rewards that Jesus said the use the large Sportpalast in Berlin for their meet- heavenly Father would give to the righteous.

ings which neither the Protestants nor the Ro- The German Faith rejects the idea of human man Catholics can use at present. sin. While admitting that not even the greatest These Neo-Pagans have so far refused to put German heroes attained their highest ideals, there in print anything like the creeds of the Chris- is little place for any real doctrine of sin, of re- tians. But from Hauer's writings and other pub- pentance, or forgiveness. They acknowledge the lications, it is possible to gain some idea of what need of no mediator to bear our sins. Each must they believe. bear his own penalty. Men conquer sin in their Great emphasis is placed on race. It is claimed . own strength since the essence of every man's that there is an inner, spiritual side which cor- soul is divine.

responds to the outer distinctions of the various German Faith people profess to honor Jesus, races. There has been an age-long struggle be- but they state boldly that they do not take Him tween the civilization which Hauer calls West as model and leader. They simply do not see the Asfatic-Semitic and the Nordic Indo-Aryan which need of the Christian religion. Some may think has found its finest flower in the Nazi state. No they need Christianity just as some think they effort is made to revive the paganism of the past cannot do their work without tobacco. But they in its ancient form, but it is claimed that Chris- could do their work better without this artificial tianity is alien to the German race and blood and stimulation. The German Faith does not claim the period of over a thousand years in German to be universal and valid for all mankind, but does history between Charles the Great and Hitler is claim to offer something better to Germans.

an interlude. The ancient paganism must be mod- Hauer asks, "Have those who believe in Christ ernized and brought up-to-date. Eckehart and more power to overcome the difficulties of life?

Nietzsche are often quoted with approval. Have they more courage to face danger, to risk The conception of God seems to be a sort of position, income, life; yea to look death in the mystical naturalistic pantheism. He is the hidden face? Have they more joy than the men of the background of all things who reveals himself in German Faith 'z Is their life more real, more nature and in men. His highest manifestation is genuine, cleaner? Are they willing to serve their in the fighter and in the German culture. The nation with _more self-sacrifice? Do Christians German faith god is hardly a personal god. The have more peace in fellowship with each other?

world which is the manifestation of God is not to Let the Christian prove his faith by his works."

be despised. It is infinite and eternal. Man's Whether they will or not the Christian people spirit is a spark from the eternal. But there is of Germany must accept this challenge. Those no separate conscious immortality. who know Christ have no doubt as to the out- When it comes to the ethical side, it is denied come. There can be no neutrals in this struggle.

Ways of

'Tested Methods for Increasing Interest at Home ~,~================E=D=IT=ED===BY==M==RS=.=E==ST=E=LL==A=S=.==A=IT=C=H=I=SO=N='=G==RA=N=V=I=LL=E='=O==H=IO================~.~~ NEW PLANS FOR PRO- ning lamp; Look and Read-an tian Ideal for America," with open book with a pair of spec- the Spirit of Home Missions, an GRAM BUILDERS tacles on it; Look at Your Indian, a mountaineer, a Span- THE LOOK OF THE MONTH CLUB Church-rays from above fo- iard, a Negro, an Alaskan, a cused upon a church building; Puerto Rican, etc., in vivid pan- Under this title the Forward and Look at Yourself-in the Looking Committee of the Meth- orama, and a ribbon visualiza- odist Episcopal Woman's Home looking glass, of course! tion of ties brought from Europe Mission Society has brought out This last volume is really the to various sections of the New a year's programs of a unique first, being intended for use in World by explorers and pioneers. character, the calendar being co- August, as a personal preface The leader next dials on a radio ordinated with a tiny "library" of 12 pamphlets enclosed in a wherein all officers and chairmen as if in search of station WHMS shall take an early look at them- from which The March of Time neat case, each pamphlet cover- selves in relation to the impend- is broadcast, short musical intering the material for a month's ing task, with the plans, goals, ludes being used between the program. The "club" is launched courses of study, organizational brief talks of people hidden be- "with the high hope that in the specifics, etc., thoroughly out- hind a screen and speaking as abstract study of the develop- lined and explained. Each de- if from a number of fields on ment and progress of home mis- partment of missionary endeav- which the society is working. sions, the understanding and de- or has the mirror held up for its The closing announcement is, votion of our sisterhood may be accurate reflection. As it is im- "The WHMS Marches on!" The deepened and broadened." The possible to follow the details of organization of the society is specific theme is, of course, "Pi- all the months, a general survey next illustrated in a large Temoneering Today in Home Mis- of the September booklet is here- ple Chart placed on an easel and sions," each month's "look" be- with given as a sample of the explained by the leader-founing at some phase of the task. development, the worthful sub- dation of Jesus Christ, organiza- Thus the first month is a "Look ject matter and its practical ap- tions, conferences and boards as Forward" at the magnitude of plication. As with all its succes- the steps, missionary education, the work. The cover design sors, the devotional service is Christian citizenship, departbears a clear cut telescope. The fully outlined even to the text mental bureaus, etc., as the pilensuing months are: "Look and for the leader's talk. Then fol- lars of a Greek temple. The Act," with a spotlight turned on low "The Look of the Month"- central pillar is finance. This Race Hatred, Intemperance and 20 minutes' study of the home feature covers the second divi- Juvenile Delinquency; Look at mission textbook (which is thus sion as outlined in each program the Work, a pair of eyes being completely covered in the course and is followed by the social focused at long range upon the of the year); a period on Wom- hour in which a recreational' map of the United States; Look an's Home Missions, which is a "Before and After" stunt is per- Up-Peace on Earth, with a specific study of some phase of formed. With the women distar; Look Ahead to Youth, the denomination's work–dti- vided into groups of four or five, with a pair of field glasses on zenship, conference institutions, or eight or ten if the audience is whose two lenses appear a boy Christian center activities, coop- large, leaders are chosen by each and a girl respectively; Look at erative projects and the like; group and a certain amount of Your Neighbor-an open win- while the last period is devoted time is given for planning. dow revealing a group of people to a social hour whose details fit When ready, a group depicts a of various nationalities inside; in with the preceding study. locality before and after the mis- Look at New Occasions-a ba- Thus in September the devotion- sionary society began its work, rometer, the sun and a cloud; al service takes a far and wide the audience in each case trying Look Far in Cooperation-a look at the task through God's to guess what institution or misyoung woman looking through a eyes; the textbook study pre- sion has been represented. The surveyor's transit; Look To- views "Toward a Christian best demonstration is then acgether-mother and daughter America" in a dramatic sketch claimed as decided upon either scanning a book under the eve- on "Home Missions the Chris- by judges or popular vote.

[543 ]

Posters suggested as adver- ination may be laid upon this by 11. What can a Christian individual tisement for this meeting fea- officers or chairmen of corre- and member of a group of Christian tured pioneer scenes, the invita- sponding committees who then young people do to improve motion tions being on a sunbonnet give their outlines for the open- pictures in your community? pasted on a postal card, and cov- ing year's work. The president ered wagons made of match cements all together, naming the 12. Can you subscribe to the stateboxes to be used as favors. binding material as "the helpful- ment on p. 162 beginning, "The fre"!- ness of each woman in the tier of the new day is largely social" While the specific details 'of this attrac- church." If the boxes are cov- as expressive of the whole task? tive series are denominational, its funda- ered with gold, silver or other mentals are of so unique a character and fancy paper, the design will be 13. Record somewhere what you so universally applicable that any Intelligent most attractive. This plan lends have definitely determined to do about program builder could adapt them to her itself to an annual meeting in the matters listed in this course. own use. It is issued by the Woman's Home which otherwise dull reports are Missionary Socitey of the Methodist Epis- to be presented. "So Built We From the Editor's Scrapbook copal Church, 420 Plum St., Cincinnati, the Wall" is the title suggested. Ohio. Price 50 cents. Capitalizing a Popular Hobby: Christian Youth in Action Hannah P. Miller, secretary for Another Year Book young women's work in the To an unusual degree this M. E. denomination, writes in a The program theme for the study for young folks may be new leaflet regarding capitalizwoman's society of the Alham- cast into the form of questions, ing the collecting hobby which bra, California, Baptist church discussion topics and the like. A enthralls all normal you t h was "Builders with Him" and few of Mrs. B. P. Heubner's as- sooner or later. Progressing the key verse "Come and let us signments as she taught this from dolls, pictures, books, pilbuild up the wall," Neh. 2: 17. book at the Lake Koronis, Minn., lows, spoons, elephants, etc., she The following is a brief outline assembly last summer were as proposes to call a halt on all of the meetings: follows: other accumulations until June 1935, the climax of the girls: Topic, "L a yin g Foundations 1. List some of the things wrong in Golden Year, meanwhile major- Through Reading." Presentation of America today. ing on "our little yellow envelnew books and the magazine Missions. opes" (containing the special 2. What are the attitudes of youth personal dues or gifts); $50 Stewardship, with the bricks of of your acquaintance toward the in- gifts from individuals or organ- Time, Money and Talent. ability to enter upon their life work? izations; names of new mem- What seems to you to be a Christian bers; subscriptions to Woman's Civic program, "Builders with Him attitude toward the situation? Home Missions, etc. Two prime for Good Citizenship." A temperance values stand out: (1) Friends program was given. 3. In what respects can the Church learning of the girls' new quest be said to have conformed to the will lend a hand to help make of Missionary program, "Building with standards of a pagan world? their favorite a Champion Col- Him Through Schools for Negroes." lector in the local or associa- 4. Arguments pro and con for sub- tional organization, and (2) Evangelism-"Winning New Work- sidizing or endowing churches to leave that whereas other collecting ers for the Wall." them free for their main task. hobbies are only for self-cen-· tered gratification, this one has Missionary program, "Building with 5. What is your community provid- an altruistic object in benefiting Him in Burma," Baptist literature ing for the leisure time of young peo- others. Even "collecting girls" and the Rangoon printing press being ple who cannot be in school? What for the membership may result featured. more might be done? in fine, lasting and serviceful friendships of far-reaching con- "Builders with Him Through White 6. From your own experience or ob- Cross Work," with dramatization servation, cite examples of interracial presented by the corresponding com- friendship. State obstacles and benemittee and a display of the work done. fits.

"Builders with Him in Our Church" 7. Would you patronize a Japanese -a workers' conference. dentist? A Negro physician? Enter- Various other special foreign fields were similarly considered.

"The luncheon feature for the year," says the Year Book, "is known as Birthday Partners. Each woman is given the name of a missionary whose birth date is the same as hers, and at the luncheon table (taking the tain a Mexican student in your home? sequences. Magazine subscripmonths successively) the women cele- Room with a Chinese at a conference? Are your answers free from race prej- tions result in a widening interbratin~ bring some news item or let- est with all its possible sequelre. ter from their birthday partners." udice?

Building the Wall 8. In the light of Chapter 2 analyze "Ships" for Toasts: The Col- your own community, considering its lege Ave. Baptist Church in Tois another widely adaptable needs, what the church or other agen- peka, Kansas, held a "covered theme based on the same Scrip- cies are doing to meet these, over- dish" luncheon using this theme, ture. The corner s ton e, of looked needs or situations, and formu- the table decorations featuring a course, should be Christ (repre- late recommendations for your young centerpiece representing a lake sented by a box of say 12 inches people's group and yourself. (silver paper) with a sparkling square), laid by a charter mem- beach, on which floated three 9. In parallel columns record facts regarding war which cause you to oppose it and why peace enlists your ber if possible. Then smaller active support. kindergarten – style s hip s of boxes labeled Prayer, Reading, 10. Has the attitude of young peo- heavy paper. Two were black Missionary Education, etc., ac- ple toward liquor changed since re- pirate ships with white masts peal? State evidence. Propose a pro- and sails – "Indifference" and cording to the departments of gram of action in dealing with the "Neglect," these being later run. work in the church or its denom- liquor situation.

EFFECTIVE WAYS OF WORKING

down and overturned by the Mounted on heavy material, the ties, and dividing the crowd into third, "Friendship," flying the back of each picture contains es- groups of from three to five each, American flag. Small boats sential information about its give each group one biography. carrying cargoes of nuts and subject. Mounted on heavy ma- The groups then repair to dif- other foods were used over the terial, the pictures are suitable ferent rooms or different corners table. The leader's talk showed for framing and using as visual- of the same room and read tohow neglect and indifference izations in missionary meetings, gether their leaflets, returning must be overcome and replaced study classes or Sunday school after ten minutes and putting on by friendship in dealing with teaching and give personal in- their demonstrations, playing "New Americans." The toasts terest to descriptive or biograph- charade-fashion upon the names .w ere on "Interpretership," ical material. of the missionary subjects. The "Friendship," "F e 110 w s hip," counselor then collects the biog- "Citizenship"and "Partnership." Birthday Partners: A good raphies and asks of each group A selection from "the Ship of luncheon feature for the wom- any ten questions (except exact State" was read. The plan lends an's society is to assign to each dates) answered in its sketch, a itself to the theme for home mis- member the name of a mission- point being scored for each sion study this year-"Toward a ary whose natal day is the same query answered cor r e c t 1y. Christian America." as her own and have these wom- Should the other groups be un- en, month by month during the able to guess the charade in the A Missionary Reading Room: year, give some news item or course of the quiz, the perform- The methods department in Mis- read a letter from their birth- ing group scores ten points so sions tells of a plan used in day partners at the luncheon that its maximum score is twenty White Temple (Baptist), Port- table, thus affording a double points. "You see this makes a land, Oregon, going a step far- "celebration." plain game into a purposeful ther than the common use of a game in which some learning literature table in the church Business Around the Maypole: processes must be going on or vestibule, or some other easily some very low scores will be accessible place. Miss Nettie Johnston writes of a made. The game may be played plan used at the May meeting in through several meetings." "Ours," writes Mrs. J. Fred Bell, the Pittsburgh Branch of the secretary of literature, "is a down Methodist Women's Auxiliary "Missionary Footsteps in Ja- town church, and when the family car for livening up the reception of pan." This apropos program takes the young people to the B. Y. branch reports. It was in the was prepared by Pearle Bourne P. D., fathers and mothers must go setting of a dolls' maypole party, and is described in The Window then and wait an hour for the church the "dolls" being pieces of mail- of Y. W. A., organ of the Wom- service. So we feel that this room ing tubes about five inches long an's Auxiliary of the Southern fills a real need. It is a small S. S. dressed up in ruffles of fluffy Baptist Convention: room, easily heated and comfortably crepe paper and drooping hats furnished. We (the board of missions framing faces cut from maga- Poster suggestion, an outline map of the church) started a library with zines. As each secretary read of Japan with Japanese shoes (clogs) books bought for the school of mis- her report, she rolled it up, marching across it. Dse some such sions. We are subscribing to Missions pressed it into a tube and at- wording as this: "March with Mis- magazine so there will always be the tached the doll to a streamer of sions across Japan at (time and current issue on the table, as well as the pole. This pole was set in place)." Japanese shoes made into 'A Book of Remembrance' and free the midst of a lawn of green folders in which is printed the pro- leaflets. We are asking for donations paper and had a yellow paper gram will be effective. Hymns: of missionary books." "flower of happiness" for China, "Footsteps of Jesus"; "Follow, Fol- a real iris for Japan, a rose for low, We Will Follow Jesus"; "Where Forty Missionary Stories is India and America, etc., at the He Leads Me I Will Follow." Devothe name of a new book by Mar- top. The gay streamers of the tional: "Ye Should Follow His Steps," garet W. Eggleston-"true tales pole and dresses of the dolls re- 1 Peter 2: 21b. Talks on "Getting that have the heart touch and lieved the monotony of the re- Our Footing," "Our Footing in 44 that carry their morals without ports. Years," etc., according to the subject words. They are not of equal matter to be covered in the program. stimulus but they cover a sur- Charades for Fellowship: A Special music, "Beautiful Japan," or prising range and few readers writer in The World Call sug- "Hail to the Brightness." Other fea- will escape their emotional ap- gests after looking over the bi- tures may be: "Footfalls that Pre- peal. The book is particularly ography sets of the United saged Great Events," "Footprints on adapted for use among boys of Christian Missionary Society the Sands of Time," "Turning Shoes the hero-worshiping age. (Har- that charades should be impro- Around" (changing old non-Christian per's; $1.50, or through your vised to familiarize people with ways through missionary influence). own literature department.) the names of missionaries and "Getting Our Footing" may be a True- impart information as to what and-False test, the leader either hand- Portraits of Missionaries: The each one did. Selecting from ing out a written test for each mem- Baptist Department of Mission- the leaflets such names as Trout, ber to mark or reading the items and ary Education has a large collec- Palmer, Hunter, Weaver, etc., letting the organization indicate the tion of 10×12¥2 portraits of its having dramatization possibili- correct reply, as: "The name, Japan, missionaries to which it keeps was given by Perry when the country adding from time to time. was opened to trade. (b) By the Chinese since the sun came from its direction. (c) Because of its beauty," the second being correct.

~~I====~============~========~I~

BULLETIN OF The Council of Women for Home Missions ANNE SEESHOLTZ, EXECUTIVE SECRETARY, 105 EAST TWENTY-SECOND STREET, NEW YORK GIVEN TO HOSPITALITY Jesus said, "When thou makest a feast, bid the poor, the maimed, the lame, the blind: and thou shalt be blessed; they have not wherewith to recompense thee."

Peter in writing "to the elect" urged them to practice "hospitality one to another without murmuring." Paul, in letters to the Roman Christians and to Timothy, his "true child in the faith," repeats the charming words, "given to hospitality."

The Rune of Hospitality I saw a stranger yestreen: as it unites us to Him and makes congregations who have listed I put food in the eating place, His prayers one with ours, will the members who would be the Drink in the drinking place, lead us to intercessory prayer first to leave and who would Music in the listening place; for all men." doubtless afterwards have "gold And in the sacred name of the Triune, stars" on another flag to be hung He blessed myself and my house, *** in the church. My cattle and my dear ones. And the lark said in her song, Let us thank God for the growing In helping its members "to Often, often, often, and deepening consciousness of the seek peace and pursue it," the Goes the Christ in the stranger's guise, need for peace, and for the personal Broadway Tabernacle Church in Often, often, often, knowledge of Him who brings peace New York City has made use of Goes the Christ in the stranger's guise. on earth.-From the Call of Prayer, the following anti-war declara- announcing the observance of the tion: -Old Gaelic Rune. Recovered by World Day of Prayer, February 28, Kenneth McCleod. 1936. "I have quietly considered what I would do if my nation THANKS BE TO GOD MAKING UP OUR MINDS should again be drawn into war.

Luke tells how Paul on his last Strange how we strong- "I am not taking a pledge bejourney "thanked God and took minded Americans who usually cause I do not know what I courage." know where we want to go, and would do when the heat of war straightway go, are now fum- mood is upon the country. But Paul in writing to his Chris- bling and stumbling along in in a mood of calm consideration tian friends in Philippi and making up our minds how to I do today declare that I cannot Colossre combined the giving of keep our nation out of the hell reconcile the way of Christ with thanks to God and steadfastness of another war. Evidently too the practice of war. in prayer. many of us keep our minds on the possible war rather than on "I do, therefore, set down my Father Fabian says: "Our our probable strength to find the name to be kept in the records own interests drive us obviously Way of Peace. I have heard of of my Church, so that it will be to prayer, but it is love alone which leads to thanksgiving. [546 ] There is little enough of prayer but there is still less of thanksgiving."

"Our knowledge of the Love of God to us calls us to pray for ourselves that we may be worthy of His Love. Our love for Jesus,

BULLETIN OF THE COUNCIL OF WOMEN FOR HOlv.lE MISSIONS

for me a reminder if war should thority of the Foreign Policy As- sciences have performed a valcome; and will be a solemn dec- uable function in conducting relaration to those who hold to sociation, which has gained wide search which increases our recognition as a source of un- knowledge of human relations, this conviction in time of war biased information on interna- but their findings do not reach that I believe them to be right; the masses, and therefore have and I do desire with my whole tional affairs, but the facts are too little influence on public presented in popular, non-tech- opinion. The Foreign Policy Asmind and heart that I shall be sociation believes that the most among those who keep to this be- nical language. Each book con- useful service which it can perlief. tains about forty pages and is form at this time is to develop a new means of public education "I set down my name to make illustrated with unique pictorial which will secure a wider disconcrete my present thought charts or graphs. tribution and more effective use of the knowledge derived from upon the question of war, and The series is especially suited research. declare my purpose to think and to the needs of discussion groups, The project is being carried talk with others about it, that current events clubs and forums. out by a new Department of my belief in the way of Christ Study outlines and supplemen- Popular Education organized tary material are available to this fall under the direction of shall become operative in this William T. Stone, Vice-President and in other questions which teachers, ministers, and club of the Foreign Policy Associanow confuse our thought and leaders using the books for dis- tion. Mr. Stone is assisted by action." cussion groups. The books are Mr. Omar P. Goslin, as educa- tional secretary, and Mrs. *** published in two editions: a Phyllis A. Goslin as editor. Mr. paper covered pamphlet edition and Mrs. Goslin are authors of Since June, 1934, the General for organizations and study Rich Man, Poor Man, a graphic Council of Congregational and survey of our economic dilemma groups at 25 cents a copy; and which has received enthusiastic Christian Churches has author- praise fro m educators and ized preparation for "a plebis- a book trade edition bound in critics. boards on sale at all bookstores cite of our denomination to de- at 35 cents a copy. Released by Foreign Policy Association, termine the mind of our people" S W, 40th St., New York, New York. on four propositions or others The gravity of the world crisis relating to the question of war is one compelling reason for this and peace. The vote is being new venture. If society is to taken this month. solve the fundamental problems May God be praised that of our times without resort to under his guidance some Chris- violence, it must apply knowltians will be led to make up their edge and understanding more minds concerning the Way of Peace. successfully than it has in the past. In recent years the social NEW VENTURE IN ~.

POPULAR EDUCATION I Headline Books Offer Popular I Material on International Problems I The Foreign Policy Associa- FLANDERS FIELD tion announces an interesting The float, shown above, entitled Flanders Field, was a unit in the Peace Demonstration experiment in popular education, prepared by Mrs. J. H. Callister, and directed at the Northfield Missionary Conference, initiated this month with the Northfield, Mass., in July. For particulars regarding such a demonstration for Peace, publication of Headline Books. The first volume is entitled "War refer to the B1IIletin for November, or address tbe Editor. Tomorrow: Will We Keep Out?" a survey of the proposals for keeping America out of the next war, written against the background of our participation in the World War.

The object of Headline Books is to present the complicated and difficult problems of our times in a form so simple and interesting that they will be understood by the millions of Americans who don't normally read "serious" books. The material which goes into each book carries the au- ! Our World–wide Outlook ~ ~II,~,=====A=M=issi=ona=ry =Ne~ wsp~ape=r o=f C=urr=ent=Ev=ent=s =====~~ NORTH AMERICA Interior, and is expected to take can be a Scout or receive a com- from five to ten years to com- mission unless he believes in Human Relations Institute plete. The work will employ God. In 1917 a special edition of the Bible and of the New The Williamstown Institute of about 4,000 men. Rev. Roy H. Testament, bearing the Scout in- Human Relations meeting at Murray has been appointed by signia and readings on the Scout Williams College in September, the Washington Co un c i I of brought together Jewish, Cath- Churches and Christian Educa- law, were issued.

olic and Protestant representa- tion for this work. The culminating "daily good tives with a frank and deter- turn," which is the capstone of mined purpose to create a better Chicago's Kingdom of God the movement, came in 1934, understanding. The 680 mem- Fellowship when the President of the United bers of this Institute, while not States broadcast a request for a forsaking the cardinal principles Chicago is developing a "King- nation-wide good turn during of their own religion, feel bound dom of God Fellowship," with Anniversary Week. In response together in a common task of aims akin to those in the Fellow- to this call, the boys gathered combating the forces of national- ship sponsored by Kagawa: "(1) 91,863 pieces of household furniism, secularism, intolerance and The deepening of spiritual life. ture, 22,206 pieces of bedding, materialism which are alarm- (2) An educational program to 268,716 pieces of clothing for inform the churches and inter- men, 276,423 pieces of clothing ingly on the increase. The Institute was based upon pret for them the life, the Chris- for women, 266,160 pieces of recognition of the fact that while tian experience and social pro- clothing for children, besides fundamental religious differ- gram of Toyohiko Kagawa, and 79,617 miscellaneous pie c e s. ences must remain, m u t u a I to relate ourselves to the Chris- These supplies were given to ununderstanding and a working tian International Fellowship employed persons. cooperation can be established in that is coming under the impulse Now, after twenty-five years spite of them; and that interest of Kagawa's Christ-like life and of the Scout Movement, almost in mutual problems can sur- teaching. (3) The study of and 800 men are devoting their mount respective differences. the relating of ourselves to the whole time to its leadership. A outstanding social action move- training school is carried on Are Country Churches Dying? ments within our own churches near Mendham, N. J. and the cooperative movement This question is often heard, -The Christian Advocate. as a technique for world brotherand a Louisville Baptist minister hood." Quaker Branches United has worked out an answer in the following figures for Kentucky: A booklet entitled "Kagawa A breach of more than a hun- dred years' duration was healed City Country and the Kingdom of God" has when the two branches of the been prepared and is being dis- Religious Society of Friends, Churches Churches commonly known as Quakers, tributed. Dr. Kagawa expects talked, prayed and were silent in Membership ….. 18,677 18,675 to be in the United States dur- Baptisms ……. 570 1,045 ing the winter.

Pastors' Salaries. $39,573 $33,883 Total Gifts …… $201,606 $69,723 S. S. Enrolment. 14,897 11,692 Scout's Silver Anniversary the same New York meeting house. More than a century ago -Watchman-Examiner.

Another Cooperative Project About half the Boy Scout the followers of Elias Hicks, calling themselves liberals, broke Seven denominations are coop- troops in the United States are erating in the support of an in- connected with churches. Of the off from the orthodox section, terdenominational religious pro- organization's twelve laws, the and each Suriday since then gram at the site of the Grand Coulee Dam in the State of most fundamental is the twelfth, these Quakers went their sep- Washington. This support pro- which reads: "A Scout is reyvides for a religious worker and arate ways. The reunion, which helps toward the erection of a erent toward God. He is faith- took place at Gramercy Park chapel building. The dam is being built by the Reclamation ful in his religious duties, and meeting house, was character- Bureau of the Department of the respects the convictions of others ized by a quiet service. When in matters of custom and reli- the service and announcements gion." This has been embodied were over there was a filing out, in the constitution of the Boy a shaking of hands, a little nod- ding across the meeting house. Scouts of America, and no one [548 ]

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

Danish Lutherans Take Washington Chinese Church religious. The "Socialist" teach- ing of Mexico is planned to a Stand The organization of a Chinese remove all religious preconcep- Community Church among the tions from the minds of the peo- The Danish Evangelical Lu- 800 resident Chinese is one of ple. In one of the most populous theran Church in America, with the most interesting recent de- states, all school teachers must a baptized membership of 18,- velopments in Washington, D. C., sign the following document: 000, assembled in convention in and is a brand new enterprise. Danevang, Texas, June 14-18, The recent visit of Dr. P. C. I declare that by all the means in passed the following resolution: Chua, head of a private hospital my power I will fight the Roman Cath- in Canton and an earnest Chris- olic religion and other religions. I Be it hereby tian, has initiated this move- declare that I will not take part in ment. The purpose is to con- private or public in any ceremony of Resolved, That the Danish Evan- duct a communuity church with the Catholic Church or any other regelical Lutheran Church in America educational, social and recrea- ligion. in convention assembled fully en- tional features in connection dorses other church bodies and peace with the religious services. The Many mission schools have organizations in their efforts to se- church will seek affiliation with been closed and it is expected cure full publicity concerning the the Church of Christ in China. that, by the end of the present facts and forces of armaments, and The pastor is Rev. C. C. Hung, school year, the few remaining in their efforts to create an enlight- of Detroit, who has had experi- schools will close. ened public opinion against the out- ence in similar enterprises. rageous increases of current appro- Mr. Grubb found the followpriations for the war and navy de- Quarters will be selected ad- ing is a Socialist Lord's Prayer partments. . . . jacent to the Chinese residential being taught in one school: area. Subscriptions promise We condemn the traffic in arma- adequate finances for the year. Our Socialism which is on the earth, ments, the diversion of money from The few Christian Chinese are Respected be thy name; public funds to channels indirectly en- all behind the enterprise and are Thine influence come, larging the power of the military es- represented on its board of man- Thy will be done as in the cities so tablishments, the subtle basis of the agers. Many other resident militaristic setup and spirit in vari- Chinese have shown their in- in the fields. ous public activities such as R. O. terest. -Christian Advocate. Give us this day our daily bread, T. C. colleges, relief organizations, Do not pardon us if we pardon our and economic agencies of control, and the taking of excessive individual and enemies, corporate profits in the production of And lead us not into the hand of armaments. clergy, But deliver us from evil. Amen.

Anti-Race Discrimination Moravians in Alaska It is useless to contemplate sending more missionaries to Christians who believe with The Moravian Alaska Mission Mexico, but Mr. Grubb calls at~ the Apostle Peter that God is no is celebrating its jubilee this tention to the fact that as the respecter of persons must re- year. The most encouraging prayers of God's children turned joice in the action of Pennsyl- feature of the work has been the the tide in a similar situation in vania in passing its anti-race- eagerness to read, and learn the China so will prevail today discrimination bill. This law Bible on the part of the young prayer, and spiritual life canprovides that there shall be no people, the best proof being the not be destroyed by governments discrimination "because of race, frequent and intelligent ques- today. creed or color," in inns, taverns, tions they ask. Often the midroadhouses, hotels, restaurants, week services are entirely given Mexico's Women for buffets, saloons, barrooms, ice over to Bible readings. Eng- Temperance .cream parlors, confectionaries, lish is being used more and soda fountains, drugstores, dis- more; no new translations of the South of the Rio Grande, as pensaries, c 1i n i c s, hospitals, Bible were made by the Mora- north of it, the saloon or tavern bathhouses, theatres, motion-pic- vian Mission last year. is a focus of crime and delinture houses, airdromes, roof quency. Mexican pulque and gar den s, music halls, race -Bible Society Record. tequila are as cheap as beer and courses, skating rinks, amuse- wine in the United States. It is ment and recreation parks, fairs, LATIN AMERICA with real satisfaction that Presibowling all e y s, gymnasiums, dent Cardenas, of Mexico, welshooting galleries, billiard and Education in Mexic9 comes the women of his nation pool parlors, public libraries, in a fight against alcohol. "It is kindergartens, primary and sec- The new system of education up to them' more than anyone ondary schools, high schools, in Mexico is closely allied to its else to solve the problem," he academies, colleges and universi- religious life. By a recent said recently, "for the sake of ties, garages and all public con- amendment to the Constitution, their children and homes, and to veyances. This seems to cover "Socialist teaching" is obligatory see that their husbands and the ground pretty thoroughly. in all schools, including mission brothers make good use of the schools. Mr. Kenneth Grubb, money they earn. Women will -Presbyterian Tribune. who examined Government text- be gratified to know that they books prepared for primary schools, found them to be anti-

have undertaken a great work. prisoners throughout the world. "Christ-Believing Jews" In the case of extreme necessity," he warned, "I may even For the coming Christmas some For several years there has have to prohibit the manufacture been in Hungary a group of of intoxicating liquor, so that 25,000 English, and over 5,000 Jews who have never severed this work will not be in vain." their connection with their peo- The National Revolutionary foreign letters, each handwritten ple, but who, as Jews, believe Party is conducting a series of that Jesus of Nazareth is the radio programs against the and decorated and containing a Messiah promised in the Old traffic in strong drinks. Testament. The leader of this clear Gospel message, have al- group is Dr. Deszo Foldes, who Ecuador Nationalizes Churches is the president of the Hun- ready been prepared. Two garian Hebrew – Christian Al- A decree was issued on Oc- liance. He has just published a tober 15th· nationalizing Ecua- prisons in the United States each book in which he relates his exdorean churches. It was an- perience on entering the Chrisnounced that another dec r e e are to receive 5,000 letters; the tian life, and his later efforts to would be issued nationalizing the advance Christ's cause among clergy. total number sent to North his own people. Among the rea- sons given for the establishment In 1869 tithes on farm produce America is over 24,000, while of "The Union of Hungarian for the support of the Roman Christ-Believing Jews" are the Catholic Church were abolished, about 600 in Spanish go to following: and a tax was substituted. In 1902, civil marriage was per- South America. Weare Christ-believing Jews bemitted and two years later the cause we believe in Jesus Christ. Church was placed under State Letters in several languages With all the strength of our soul and control. with all conviction of mind, we be- are being prepared for India. lieve and confess that He, Jesus of Plans for Amazon Basin Nazareth, is the one who, in accord- There are also requests for sev- ance with the promises of God through The vastness of the Amazon the great and holy prophets of our basin, and the apparently un- eral hundred Christmas letters Jewish people, was to come, and, by limited possibilities of its future His own sacrifice, to save His own bedevelopment have engaged the for use by prison wardens in loved people as well as all other sinattention of missionary agencies. ful lost souls, from their condemna- . It is said that this basin could India. -The Christian. tion, the death of sin. support 500,000,000 people, so immense are its natural re- Italy Needs Help We call ourselves Christ-believing sources. It seems beyond ques- Jews because we are children of the tion that its development will The Spezia Mission in Italy Jewish people and remain so, for we come within a generation or two. scrupulously keeps outside all are not willed to loosen the ties of With such possibilities in mind, political and military questions. union with our Jewish brothers, but Presbyterian forces of Brazil Its hands are full caring for rather desire to cultivate and foster have been contemplating the in- souls in its many sided work. It these ties. We cannot see a solution auguration of an evangelical is anxious that in the present of the Jewish question except by spirwork along the river, in order to crisis the needs of orphaned chil- itual renaissance through acceptance gain the advantage of being on dren should not be forgotten. of the New Testament without the the scene from the beginning. The Girls' Orphanage has been surrender of Jewish individuality. The plan calls for the coopera- at work for more than half a tion of the Brazilian Presby- century, while an orphanage for -Alliance Weekly. terian Church and the Northern boys is nearing completion. and Southern Presbyterian mis- While Rome, using the political Evangelism in Norway sions joining in itinerary work crisis, is seeking to crush the that would carry the Gospel up Spezia Mission, the workers feel About twenty-five years ago and down the river by boat to that the present situation fur- a revival in Norway laid the the widely scattered communi- nishes a definite opportunity to foundations of the greater evanties. -Christian Observer. proclaim the cause of Christ to gelical and missionary z e a I the Italian people. shown by that country as com- EUROPE pared with the other two Scan- -The Christian. dinavian lands. Today a strong Christmas Letters for evangelical movement is in evi- Prisoners Campaign in Corsica dence, especially among the stu- dents. Two years ago a Swedish Great Britain has groups of The Camps and Tours Union evangelist set up a Gospel tent voluntary helpers engaged in has held a series of ten evan- in Oslo for a series of meetings, preparing Christmas letters to gelistic meetings in isolated and the demand for evangelist'ic mountain villages of the Island services has been so sustained of Corsica. So far as known, that he is still there. The people not one Protestant was present; hunger for the Gospel. the average attendance of 30 was entirely Roman Catholic. Nearly all the population (2,- French Testaments, Gospels and 649,775) belongs to the Lutheran tracts were accepted readily by all those present, most of whom had never seen a Bible. At one meeting the people asked for an explanation of the difference be- tween Catholic and Protestant belief. Personal talks, explana- 1:!ion of texts and prayer had definite results among those of every walk in life.

-Life of Faith.

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

Church, within which this evan- Rev. G. Guenod, which deserves Missionaries Help Ethiopia wider circulation. We quote: gelical movement finds its home. American missionary doctors The country is strongly Prot- The steamer which is taking and nurses are planning to reestant, having only 3,000 Roman us to the Cameroon made a stop main in Ethiopia, in case of war at Algiers and then at Casa- Catholics. Only 800,000 of the blanca. In the first named place with Italy, in order that they population of Norway live in we passed the Depot of the Brit- may aid the wounded and ill. cities. The country population ish Bible Society. In 1934 there is very scattered, the average were distributed and sold, copies Dr. Robert W. Hockman, a density being only twenty-two of the Bible and New Testaments medical missionary, is reported to the number of 66,614 copies. people to the square mile. recently to have left for the -The Christian. frontier with five tons of Ethio- pian Red Cross supplies, includ- This work employs seven colpor- ing operating tables, stretchers AFRIOA teurs, both among Europeans and tents. He was accompanied and natives. The agency in Al- by Dr. Malaku Bayen, Ethiopian Changes Under Way giers is able to supply the Word husband of the daughter of the Nothing that is happening in of God in nearly 60 different President of Howard Univer- Egypt, and, in fact, in all Mos- languages. sity, Washington, and 100 native lem countries, seems more sig- Casablanca is a prodigious assistants. nificant than men's awakening city which was not in existence Dr. Tom A. Lambie, field dito the desirability of educating before 1907! It contains so rector of the Ethiopian Mission, women for a place in society many things to see, among them a part of the Sudan Interior Missimilar to that in the West. "Bidonville," the "zone," the sion with headquarters in To- Arabic papers frequently pub- name of which indicates its mis- ronto, is organizing the Red lish articles on the subject, some erable appearance. of which have been translated Cross. Dr. Esther Bergman into English. At a Rotary Club "ladies night" recently in Cairo Contrary to appearances about and Dr. Tesla Nicola, both of Los there were several Mohammedan 10,000 Moslems swarm about the Angeles, and other missionary members present, including the place. Our arrival was marked doctors, will convert their hospresident of the club; but not by the Aid-el-Kebir, the great pitals into institutions for war one Mohammedan lady came day of the "mutton feast." wounded. American w 0 men with her husband. The example Every family kills a sheep, and have also volunteered their servset by the Palace, where the everywhere from u n d e r the ices in making bandages and Queen is kept in complete se- doors of the little yards flow splints. clusion so far as mixed com- little streams of blood which feed pany is concerned, tends to keep the ill-smelling mud of the Foreigners in Addis Ababa back the older leaders of the streets. This does not prevent (pronounced A'ddis A'hwahwa) community from following new the crowd from strutting about fear air raids and gas attacks social ways. in magnificent holiday attire. It most; except for a few anti- happens to be at the same time aircraft guns, the capital is un- -Wilbert B. Smith. the Jewish Sabbath. prepared for such attacks. Few are equipped with gas masks The Gospel Welcomed At the "House of the Bible" which an enterprising German we had the good fortune to meet merchant is selling at $40 each. The Church Missionary So- Mr. Dugald Cam p bell, the ciety reports a marked change in The British Legation, which is Omdurman, Egyptian Sudan, in Scotch colporteur of the desert. on a full wartime footing and is the attitude to Christianity. For more than thirty years he equipped with subterranean dug- There is a growing interest and outs; the German Legation has readiness to listen, evidenced by has been traversing the Sudan bomb-proof shelters but the the large attendance at meet- and the Sahara in every direc- United States Legation has no ings where the speakers included tion. He is particularly inter- such protection. an Armenian, an American, an Egyptian, an Englishman and a ested in the Tuaregs and has French Government Donation Sudanese. Simple Christian teaching is welcomed in the hos- written about them and his After the aeroplane accident pitals, although not a few draw trips some gripping stories. in Congo BeIge, which cost the back when they realize what is lives of Governor General and involved in an open acceptance Mr. Campbell was just about Madame Renard, the French of Christ. -Life of Faith. Government acknowledged the to start on a new tour. It takes service rendered by Baptist Mis- him about two years and a half. sionaries at Bolobo and Tshum- He needs to buy eight or nine biri by sending a donation to- camels on which he will load his small parcels and hundreds of kilos of Gospels (which are pub- The Bible in North Africa lished in his own Targui trans- ward the work of these stations. lation). He is always in danger After paying the costs in- The Journal des Missions of a bullet from a fierce, but un- curred, the missionaries plan to Evangeliques publishes a letter seen Chleuh, but the cover of apply the money toward ur- gently needed new buildings-at from one of its missionaries, the God will protect him.

Bolobo, new classrooms for Ayia Sofia, is to be turned into a zation. An Indian lady from teacher training and girls' dor- public library. Lucknow has been elected chairmitory, and at Tshumbiri improvement of missionary dwell- Persia Makes Radical Changes man of the united organization. ings. -Southern Workman. Three Indian delegates were sent In addition to other changes Another Jubilee Offering in Iran has come the introduc- to the World's Student Christian tion of music (forbidden by the Federation, which met in Bul- From the chief and oldest Koran) with military bands and garia last August. While angrandmother to the youngest singing taught in schools. Relichild, everybody helped to make gious leaders have been stripped other contact is with the newly bricks, bringing timber from 30 of old perquisites, such as the organized Student Christian miles and sand from five miles right to witness all deeds for fat away to build an addition to the fees, the control of the huge Movement of Java when four church at Qanqu, South Africa, lands and possessions of the representatives of the Indian and thus worthily celebrate the church, and the right to inter- movement visited Java last Augchurch's fiftieth anniversary. fere in political affairs. Many Seventeen hundred people at- who have protested the change ust. India is also looking fortended the opening service, 700 have been imprisoned or exiled. ward with great interest to the of them communicants. Besides visit of the American Negroes the offering, a special gift was Marriageable age for girls has also been raised from nine to six- who are planning to tour most of teen, and the consent of the first the important student centers in India, Burma and Ceylon in the coming winter.

-The Christian Century.

presented to the Bishop, includ- wife is required before a second Revolt Against Hinduism ing seven oxen and several sheep, can be taken. Modern schools 400 pounds of potatoes, 200 have been established for girls The Associated Press reports pounds of sugar and several as well as boys; moving pictures that on October 15th ten thoupounds of tea. The Bishop gave are used in government schools; sand "untouchables" revolted all this back to the people and and policemen have been ordered against Hinduism by resolution a grand feast followed. The to tear up every old style hat after they had been addressed by building fund was sec u red they see. Recently the leading Dr. Ramji Ambedkar, at a meetchiefly by the Bishop of Aber- mosque in Hamadan was com- ing of the depressed classes at deen, after his visit to South mandeered by the department of Nasik. education, and the dome was Dr. Ambedkar urged them to Africa a few years ago. used for the suspension of a abandon Hinduism and adopt WESTERN ASIA Foucalt's pendulum, showing the "any other religion which gives Changes in Turkey revolution of the earth on its you equality of status and treat- axis, thus proving that the world ment." He continued: "I had the misfortune to be born with The Moslem W 0 r l d (New does move-in more ways than the stigma of the untouchable, York) reports that further rad- one. -The Presbyterian. ical changes are taking place in but it is not my fault. I will not Turkey. Bahaism Under Fire die a Hindu."

The new Parliament proposes to Iran is using governmental His audience heard the adtransfer the weekly day of rest from authority to suppress Bahaism, dress with marked enthusiasm.

Friday to Sunday. Primarily this is one of the greatest of peace or- Practical Christianity a change due to commercial, and not ganizations. This sect, perseto religious reasons. Money and time cuted in Turkey, found freedom Ten boys from a mission are lost on the Continental Bourse by in Iran, the land of their birth, school in North India put their Constantinople being closed on ,Fri- but an official proclamation has Christianity into effect during days. At the same time the change is now closed their schools. The the hot season by providing railworking to the advantage of the reason for this persecution is way passengers with drinks of Christian, and is another blow to the that their spiritual leader peti- cold water. They also helped old Moslem. However hard it may be for tioned the League of Nations to men and women, some of whom Christians in Turkey today, their secure for them the right to elect had never traveled before and position is in no way so difficult or a representative at the Persian were glad to have cheery lads distressing as that of Islam. Out- Parliament. help them with their bundles. wardly at least, Islam is crumbling. -United Presbyterian. These same boys, during an The Muezzins are forbidden to call to prayer from the minarets in Arabic; epidemic of malarial fever, went into the villages and distributed it must be in Turkish. But the call quinine, encouraged people to brings no general response; the old keep their bodies clean and to take other health precautions. In imam's voice, breaking on a top note, INDIA AND SIAM only calls forth mocking laughter. Student Christian Movement Ayia Sofia (formerly a Christian Church and then a mosque) has been The Student Christian Movereopened as a museum. The great ment of India is entering upon a discs bearing the names of the first four Khalifs and other like decora- new phase of its history, as it some places they showed lantern tions of a Moslem character have been removed and the old atmosphere has has been found possible to unify slides which suggested ways of gone. It is rumored that the mosque the men students' and the wom- maintaining good health.

of the Sultan Achmed, the one nearest en movements into one organi- -The Christian.

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

Toward Christian Unity Learning to Live In and Around Malacca Dr. E. Stanley Jones is setting Rural reconstruction is mak- The missionary history of up in Lucknow a new ashram, ing headway in Burma. The for the special study of service Malacca (Malaysia) contains the and evangelism. He is an ear- Methodist Anglo – Vernacular names of three famous men. nest advocate of Christian unity, School has a rural bias in its cur- St. Francis Zavier worked there riculum. Boarding pupils pay and would combine all Christians 20 baskets of rice annually for for some time, and stories of his in one "Church of Christ in miraculous power are still cur- India," with many "branches"- their board, and do outside man- rent among his followers. Milne Syrian, Lutheran, Methodist, ual work certain hours. Weav- ing, carpentry and the like are started the Anglo-Chinese Col- Friends, etc., each branch keep- lege in Malacca toward the end ing for the present its old or- additional. Girls are instructed ganization. Over all would be in poultry raising. In the dor- of the 18th century. It was later an All-India General Assembly mitories, the students practice moved to China. Robert Moror Synod, meeting at long inter- housekeeping in groups, buying rison set up his first printing vals, the National Christian and preparing the meals on one press in Malacca, and there his Council acting as an executive rupee a week. first translations of the Bible committee. At Chaungwa is an S. P. G. into Chinese were printed. Shel- -Christian Advocate. rural center which is similar in labear Hall commemorates the aim and method. Literary work Methodist pioneers in this field, Dr. and Mrs. Shellabear. Mrs.

Telugu Convention is done at both schools and the Shellabear founded the Suydam manual training appears to In Bezwada, India, was held make the pupils more alert. Girls' School, and the boarding recently the great Telugu Con- school which accommodates 100 vention, which was attended by -Burma News. girls. more than twenty thousand native Christians, saved from A Problem in Siam Malacca has a Tamil congreheathenism. A huge structure was built for the occasion. The Dr. Barnhouse, writing in gation and one for the Hokien delegates slept on the ground. Revelation, after a recent visit, Chinese. Daily Vacation Bible Their wants were few-a little tells us that the Siamese have a rice and curry. REVIEW readers tendency to accept Christianity Schools are conducted in eight are familiar with the beginnings by households. Families are so outlying districts, as well as in of this work among the Telugus bound together that if any indi- -how for years no opening was vidual considers becoming a Malacca. One new outstation Christian, it is a matter for the has been opened recently, also a new Sunday School in Malacca.

-Woman's Missionary Friend.

gained, until some Boards were household to settle. He goes to CHINA on the point of recalling their his parents, his brothers and workers. At last the break Missions and Philanthropy came, and 2,222 were baptized sisters, and even households of Cooperate in a single day. Since then the cousins are consulted, so that work has steadily developed. The Spirit of Missions gives a when a man becomes a Chris- striking example of cooperation -Alliance Weekly. tian, frequently his whole house- between a mission hospital and hold is brought in, and some- a benevolent society. This was In the Assam Hills in Anking, where not long ago a times two or three collateral crowd of forlorn women and Rev. W. G. Supplee, Baptist households. This explains one children, driven in by famine worker in Assam, reports that from outlying farms and vilchurch membership is growing of the great difficulties that has lages, invaded the city, grabbed faster than it can be cared for. been prevalent in the work of the wheels of jinrikishas and At the present time the Christian membership of the churches the schools. A student from a non-Christian home who comes under the influence of Christian- ity, and who perhaps really has among the Serna Nagas is well become a Christian at heart, will pulled at coat sleeves, begging over 5,000; the past year 800 were added. The Association of consult his parents before con- food. the Christians of one section of sidering baptism. More often Anking has a group of Chinese than not, permission will be rethe field was held at Alaphumi, business men who call thema village 100 miles from Kohima. fused, and the student will obey selves a "Fellow Benevolence the parents. There have been Society." They are not all There were 4,400 people there. many cases where, years after Christians. When this invasion The Gospel of Mark is the only graduation, students have writ- took place, a committee of the part of the Scriptures available ten to their former teachers say- society went through the streets ing that parents having died, or after midnight and picked up all in the Serna Naga.

The missionary motorcycle other obstacles having been re- the children between six and traveled over 1,000 miles on the moved, they have decided pub- twelve years who were sleeping paths of the Naga Hills, Assam, licly to become a Christian. on doorsteps in the rain-139 of during the past year. Through the years they have them.

-Watchman-Examiner. continued their Bible reading. The men's society then ap-

pealed to St. James' Hospital in ference held recently at Kuling, hundred centers the Chinese Anking. The staff got into ac- Central China. Nanking Theo- Government is offering treattion and vaccinated for small- logical Seminary expects to re- ment for addicts of the drug and pox; scrubbed, dosed, treated, ceive about $3,000,000 from the before the end of 1935 all are redressed wounds, shaved heads Wendel estate, all of which will quired to report for treatment. and deinfested. The mission's be reinvested and the income Those who are discovered using religious education workers took used in augmenting the equip- drugs after they have been turns going over to teach tooth- ment and personnel of theolog- treated will be subject to five brushing, handscrubbing, and ical schools the country over. years' imprisonment; those who other pleasant "games"; also are compelled by force to submit put up posters from the Chinese As a first step toward reduc- to treatment and then relapse National Health Administration. ing the number of theological will be put to death. Beginning Pupil nurses took up a collection schools in the Gountry in the in- next year all persons found using to buy 139 toothbrushes and terests of greater efficiency of narcotics will be given five years' drinking cups. operation, nine institutions-in- imprisonment, and after that cluding four union theological year the penalty will- be death. More Trouble in China colleges, three union theological training schools and two post- -Christian Advocate. Dr. Susan Waddell, an Amer- graduate schools of theologyican Presbyterian Medical Mis- have been singled out to receive JAPAN-CHOSEN sionary who went out to China direct financial assistance from in 1921 and later married a Chi- the Wendel bequest. Hokkaido Calls nese Christian, Hsu Shih-chu, was murdered (probably by rob- -Dayton News. There has been both material bers) in Hanking on October and spiritual progress in Hok- 14th. Bandit Invasion kaido since the first C. M. S. missionary settled there in 1874, Dr. Waddell was born in Iowa The Missionstidning for Fin- the diamond jubilee having been and served as missionary doctor land publishes the following celebrated last year. In the at Cheeloo University, Tsinan, telegram from ones of its mis- early days the Japanese re- Shantung. sionaries: garded Hokkaido almost as J. foreign country-the land of the Another despatch from China Aug. 29 the Mission Society Ainu. Today, Hakodate is the on October 8th says: received a telegram from Pastor ninth city in the empire, the Meeder in China containing the agricultural college at Sapporo Twenty-eight missionaries, in- distressing news that the entire has become an imperial univercluding fourteen Americans, be- mission field was occupied by sity, and nearly every part of gan a hazardous 600-mile Yellow communistic bandit troops. All the island is accessible by rail. River flight from Chinese Com- the missionaries are safe. The munists, as they began to move government troops were re- By degrees, the Christian nearer to Lanchow, in Kansu ported in command of the situa- Church has spread over the Province, from Szechwan. tion over the whole field early in island. Well educated Japanese July. The society had learned clergy now have full charge of The Christians were heading that Yungshuen, the most west- their districts. But missionaries for Paotow and thence for ern of its mission stations, had have been reduced in number so Peiping. , fallen into the hands of bandits. that there has been no marked This deprives the mission for increase in the number of Chris- Wendel Bequest at Work the present of the opportunity tians, although the population to continue its work in China. has trebled. There are the large Missionary leaders in Shang- It is all the more discouraging, centers, cities of over 150,000, hai say that the Wendel bequest since after great trials endured inadequately occupied; and vast of millions to the missionary during recent years, the Society untouched areas in outlying cause in China is bringing coop- was beginning to see the dawn areas. Of the 15,000 Ainu proberation among the Christian of better days. The Finnish Mis- ably five or six hundred are agencies at work. Gradually, sion Society deserves the prayer- Christians.-C. M. S. Outlook. they predict, foreign mission- ful sympathy of all Christians in aries in China will be supplanted this new affliction. "Retreat" at Chungju by Chinese pastors whose education will have been made pos- End of Drug Traffic by 1937 Some lights and shadows in sible by the Wendel millions. Korea are given in a letter from Dr. John R. Mott declares that Rev. Harry J. Hill, Presbyterian A far-reaching program for for the first time he feels that missionary in Pyengyang. "A the coordination of all Protestant the drug evil in China is under fifteen-year-old g i r 1, meeting theological schools in China control. General Chiang Kai- with the session in preparation under the leadership of the Nan- shek is determined to "stamp it for communion, was asked by a king Theological Seminary, ac- out" as is shown in a report of Korean elder: 'What is your tual beneficiary of the Wendel the National Opium Suppression moneys, was tentatively ap- Commission. At more than six proved by the heads of the various schools concerned at a con-

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

greatest sorrow?' I~ tears she Solomon Island Christians go from. jungle villages, where replied: 'The unbelIef of my life is primitive and religion father.' This father had once The Evangelical Christian crudely animistic, to jungle vilbeen a church officer, but had lage schools and churches – so lapsed, while his family re- says of the Solomon Islands: simple and crude as scarcely to mained faithful. "The outstanding characteristic of the native Church in the Sol- seem such at all-thence to town "Another little Korean girl omons is their acceptance of the churches of beauty where real whose father, though professing Bible as the inspired Word of fellowship in worship may be ex- Christianity had sold her to be- perienced, and finally to the come a da'ughter-in-Iaw in a God, and their application of it heathen home, led her h~sband to their own lives. The Bible center at Medan where excellent ana mother-in-law to ChrIst. becomes their rule of life, and is schools for boys and for girls are conducted and where, in a b~a':l­ "Over 130 Koreans and 18 always the final court of appeal." tiful church building, worshIp IS missionaries recently held. a One of the native teachers had conducted in four different lan- Bible study retreat at ChungJu. guages for that polyglot city. For some years there has been two children, who died within friction between nor t hand Here one sees the entire range south but in this Retreat, a one week. Much to the amazespirit' of love and reconciliation ment of the heathen, who could of missionary activity from the were clearly manifest. There not understand that a Christian early approach to the jungle was earnest Bible study and a wonderful spirit of prayer sorrows not as those without dwellers on up to the self-reamong the Koreans." hope, this teacher went on w~th specting and largely self-sup- his daily work. They asked hIm ISLANDS OF THE PACIFIC porting church and school work why he and his wife were not wailing as the heathen do. He in the city centers, as a pano- told them of the Father's house rama of what the Gospel can do.

with many mansions, and of the -FRANK T. CARTWRIGHT sure and certain hope he had of in Christian Advocate. , seeing his children again.

World's Smallest Kingdom To the missionary he said with Evangelism in the Philippines a smile: "You know that verse, Tonga is one of the smalle~t 'And God shall wipe away all E. K. Higdon, Executive Seckingdoms in the world and .IS tears from their eyes'? God has retary of the Philip~ine. Nathe only independent country III done that for me already." tional Christian CouncIl,. IS ac- the Pacific. It is located 400 M. 1. M. in Australia customed to write a ~etalled r~­ miles southeast of Fiji, and 36 port of each field trIp. In hIS of its many islands are inhabited, The Methodist Inland Mission latest report he says: the total population being about is doing for the settlers of West 29,000. The people are Poly- I am increasingly convinced of. the nesians, closely akin to ~al!103;ns and North Australia what "cir- value of educational eva~gehsm. and Hawaiians. ChrIstIamty cuit riders" in America did for Anyone with a degree of skIll as a was introduced by British Meth- the frontiersmen a century ago. public speaker and with a knowledg.e odists in 1826. of mob psychology can secu~e .decI- In two immense areas, which sions in mass meetings. But It IS an The Tonga Church has sent have a sparse population of entirely different story to meet young pioneer workers to Fiji and people one by one, or in sma!l gr~>u~s Samoa, to New Bri!ain and the miners, cattlemen and sheep- with the purpose of an~werlll:g mdl- Solomon Islands. SIxty per cent herders the mission has ten or- vidual questions and dealmg WIth p.erof the Tongans belong to the sonal problems. The plan of sp~ndm.g "Free We s ley a n Church," dained workers. With the help three or four hours each day m prd: of automobiles they cover large vate or small group <:onferen!!es an formed by the union of two one hour in the pubhc meetmg h!l-s fields otherwise cut off from civ- proved fairly satisfact.ory. We dldsbranches of Methodism effected ilizing influences. Roads are cuss any vital questIOn presente , mere tracks; trains on the few such as: railways run on weekly or biin 1924, and affiliated with the weekly schedules. Schools and How may I continue my e.ducatio?? Methodist Church of Australasia. hospitals are rare. Heat and What openings are there m ManIla The church is self-supporting, drought make living conditions although its income has been re- hard. Airplanes carry the mails; for a work student? Is there any future for a young man in the fishing industry?

duced by more than 50 per cent camels are used for transport. Would you advise me. to., stud?, in the past few years. The The Mission's monthly bulletin, nursing? Home economICS. Agn- Tongans are noted for their The Methodist Inland Link, gives eagerness for an education and one a new sense of the vastness culture? Tubou College trains young peo- of Australia. ple to serve Church and State. How should I make love? Religious and academic training -The Christian Advocate. is supplemented by work on What are the bases for a happy plantations. The Gospel Panorama married life? -Missionary Review In Sumatra one may see al- (kustralia) . most the entire story of Chris- Give us some methods of birth con- tian missionary effort. One may trol. ., How may I keep my mind clean.

How may I overcome temptation?

It is natural for young people to have sexual desires. What is wrong about satisfying them promiscuously?

Is the Roman Catholic Church the sinia, liquor and drugs, gam- faith movements and condemning in- original church? bling, the economic situation, the fluences stifling individual religious churches and the totalitarian liberties; Was Luther justified in starting the state, the freedom of conscience, Protestant Church? evangelism, education and Chris- 2. To demand justice in human re- tian unity. The convention de- lations by presenting facts free from Is there a judgment? plored "the revival of anti- prejudice; semitism, the denial of funda- Mr. Higdon reports that there mental human rights to men and 3. To interpret public affairs has been a marked change dur- women because of race and through an editorial policy of coning the last four or five years in color." Apprehension was ex- structiveness; the type of question asked by pressed at "the growing menace students regarding life work. of the liquor and drugs traffic." 4. To suppress crime by punishing Now, they are more interested criminals and supporting mental hyin earning a living than in be- The next Disciples' World gienic education that will avert crimcoming lawyers or professors. Convention will be held in Tor- inal-producing, nervous complexes onto, in 1940. among children; MISOELLANEOUS -The Christian Century. 5. To sponsor open forum columns Armenian Bible 1,500 Years where readers may present diverse Old The Jew and Ohrist views on controversial subjects; Catholicos Papken, of Antel- Claude Montefiore, England's 6. To give greater space to reliias, Syria, writes: outstanding Reformed Jew, de- gious features that emphasize inter- clares that the Christ of Scrip- faith cooperation; According to the tradition of the ture has a greater appeal for the ancient Armenian Church, Christian- modern Jew than a Unitarian 7. To encourage civic conditions ity was introduced into Armenia be- Christ. "The Jew," he says, conducive to improving public phystween 60 and 66 A. D. by the Apostles "cannot find God in a man. ical and mental health; Thaddeus and Bartholomew. It was God's righteousness, God's goodproclaimed the State religion in 301- ness, God's love are to him in- 8. To sponsor charity for all who 302. Armenia was divided into two comparable with man's, because, need it, but to insist that charity be sections in the 5th century and since even if he cannot understand distinct from political patronage; and Syriac (the Persian language) dom- how, the Jew always conceives inated one section, and Greek the them as so infinitely deeper, 9. To support vigorously those other, the unity of the Church was wider, wiser and more pure than highly important principles of harendangered. As a result it was de- man's righteousness, goodness monious international relations seekcided fifteen hundred years ago (436- and love. That is why, I sup- ing to supplant war with permanent 37) to translate the Bible into Arme- pose, he is unable to call any peace and amity. nian, the common laJ!g'uage of the man his Master. That is also people. As this had not been reduced perhaps why the Jew, if and Religion as it applies to human reto writing, the preparation of an when he does in honesty aban- lations involves these nine points: Armenian alphabet was necessary. don Judaism, can more easily freedom of worship, justice, construc- The period that immediately followed become an orthodox Christian tiveness, crime control, open discusis called "The Golden Age of Ar- than a Unitarian." sion, interfaith concord, hygiene, charmenia." Seven hundred years later, ity and amity. in one province (Sunik), there were -The Hibbert Journal. 10,000 manuscript copies of the Bible -The Churchman. and in all Armenia there were 150,000 The Press and Religion Biblical manuscripts-all translations Sunday School Teachers' Debt from the Septuagint. Horace D. Crawford, editor of the Indianapolis New s, and An instructor in Boston Uni- The American Bible Society is teacher of journalism in Frank- versity School of Religious Eduplanning to commemorate the lin College, believes that news- cation asserts that every Sunday 1500th anniversary of the first papers may serve religion in school teacher should pay $1,000 translation of the Armenian other ways than by printing toward Christian work for the Bible, and Catholicos Khoren I, church notices. Said he: "Edi- privilege of teaching the Bible in of Armenia, has issued a call to tors, like many others, fre- any well organized Sun day all Armenians to celebrate this quently believe religion is more school. Here is his logic: It is important event. deeply concerned with the way worth $250 to acquire a pure people live than with their par- English vocabulary, such as any Disciples Take a Stand ticular beliefs. I believe that habitual Bible student will ac- newspapers serve the cause of quire. The habit of careful, Last August more than 800 religion when they strive for the systematic study is worth $250 Disciples, from all quarters of following objectives: more; and still another $250 the earth, joined with more than represents the value of prac- 1,200 members of the Churches 1. To fight for the maintenance of ticing the precepts of the Bible of Christ in Great Britain and constitutional rights of free worship which lengthens one's life. Fi- Ireland, to hold the second world and expression by commending inter- nally, $250 is owed by the convention of the Disciples of teacher who develops h i g h Christ in Leicester, England. moral ideals, consistent with ac- Resolutions adopted included ceptance of Bible teachings. declarations on race relations, peace and war, Italy and Abys- -United Church Record.

God, give us sense,-God-sense of life's new needs, A nd souls aflame with new-born chivalries- To cope with those black growths that foul the ways,- To cleanse our poisoned founts with God-born energies.

~====~~==========~~i~

I Our Missionary Bookshelf Books Briefly Reviewed for the Readers' Information The Foreign Mission Enterprise and quate message. (2) There are of nearly 100 years to work in Its Sincere Critics. By Cleland B. objections to the present mis- Asia and who delight to travel McAfee. 8 vo. 190 pp. $1.50. sionary enterprise and its rela- in unfrequented and dangerous Revell. New York. 1935. tion to governments and non- ways, among brigands, in peril, Christian cultures and religions, toil and pain, not merely for the The work of foreign missions the treatment of native converts thrill of new experiences but to and the churches on the field. pioneer for Christ. They are has been under fire from critics (3) Other criticisms relate to British members of the China ever since Jonah went to Nine- methods and results on the field, Inland Mission and two of them the use of non-Christian teach- have spent over a quarter of a veh. There are critics and ers, dependence on subsidies, re- century in northwest China and critics-those who object to the liance on governmental protec- the deserts of M 0 n g 0 I i a. tion, lack of unity and the few- "Through Jade Gate" has been claims of Christ and the Chris- ness and weakness of converts. likened to Homer's Odyssey. It tian message; those who claim (4) He considers other criti- is as fascinating as the voyage cisms relating to home boards, of Captain Cook. that non-Christian religions are overhead expense and complex good enough and that heathen machinery. Even well-informed, Anyone who enjoys adventurdo not want anything different; idealistic students of missions ous travels will have a thrill in may not always agree with Dr. reading these journals (1928 to those who criticize the mission- McAfee in his diagnosis and 1932). Those who are interary personnel, the expense, the remedies but every fair-minded, ested in carrying the Gospel of intelligent reader will be im- Christ to the uttermost parts of methods and the administration; pressed with the author's hon- the earth will find here stimulus others object to the unsatisfac- esty and Christian views in har- for faith and courage and loyalty mony with New Testament to Jesus Christ. tory results abroad or to the neg- ideals. Many of the points lect of "heathen" at home. There raised might be dealt with much Living Triumphantly. By Kirby are critics who see only faults more fully-such as the place of Page. 304 pages. $2.00. Farrar and are deaf and blind to all evi- evangelism, the dan g e r s of & Rinehart. New York. 1934. dence in favor of missions and "modernism," the objections to others who are friendly critics expensive institutionalism and This is the author's companion seeking only to improve per- the problems of union work- volume to "Living Creatively" but every candid critic who is a which the Hazen Foundation sonnel and methods and to bring believer in Christ and is in sym- ranked first among 436 books the work into closer harmony pathy with His mission in the considered as being the most with New Testament ideals. world will be greatly helped and helpful to college students on the encouraged by this statement of subject of religion. Dr. McAfee has studied mis- the unshakable foundations on sions at home and on the field which Christian missions rests The author's pur p 0 s e is for fifty years, as teacher, pas- as a victorious and divine enter- stated: "To be teamed-Up with tor, lecturer, traveler and execu- prise. God in seeking to banish pain tive secretary of the Presby- and strife and misery is the terian Board of Foreign Mis- A Desert Journal. By Evangeline highest privilege that can come sions. He does not claim that French, Mildred Cable and Fran- to any man." From an extensive the work is above criticism but cesca French. Illus. 12 mo. $2.00. tabulation of scientists he shows China Inland Mission. Philadelphia clearly that science has not as gives clear, frank and convinc- and Toronto. 1935. yet overthrown the spiritual ining answers to some of the criti- terpretation of the universe. cisms he has heard from men Adventure and physical en- durance are usually linked with With the thesis of his book and women who believe in Christ youth. Here are three elderly thoroughly established, the auand His Gospel but who object women who have given a total thor then proceeds to the followto the way the work is conducted. ing eight definite methods for The list of over fifty definite the transformation of personal- ity and society: criticisms is an evidence of the author's vital contacts wit h many conscientious objectors.

Among the criticisms are those that have to do with (1) the missionaries – their arrogance, their aims, their lack of understanding, defects of habits and character and their inade- Any of the books noted in these columns will be sent by the REVIEW publishers on receipt of price.

[557 ]

1. Intensify the Vividness of the Ideal. sis of these great themes. He undertakes to point out some of 2. Probe to the Roots of the Present Economic Order. tells what are God's methods of its glories by comparing it to the producing in us purity of hearts, Grand Canyon. 3. Struggle to Supplant Capitalism. shows the difference between Such Grand Canyons he finds 4. Strive to Abolish War. 5. Refuse to Sanction or to Partici- "peace with God," and "the in different stages of history, as, pate in Any War Among Nations peace of God," and at the end, for example, in the life of our or Between Classes. he shows a sympathetic and ef- own nation, "which, in 1789, 6. Seek to Uproot Racial Enmity and kicked off England's heavy and fective understanding with sin- Exploitation. cere souls seeking more power. suffocating taxation covers and 7. Take Time for Worship.

8. Live with Joyous and Triumphant These blessed gifts of grace and cooed in a cradle oft rocked by Abandon. experiences of the truly saved, stormy winds."

The sections on "War" and are what are greatly needed in In twelve chapters rich in "Worship" are perhaps the best. pulpit and pew today. Grand Canyon phraseology, Dr.

Mr. Page points out that war is The language is beautifully Lee takes up the several verses not caused primarily by the clear, the paragraphs stand out of the chapter under considera- "fighting instinct" or by the so- like the lobes of an orange, and tion. One marvels at his rhecalled "mad-dog nation." Most the book is well printed with torical versatility and at the of his readers, however, will not large type. FRANK LUKENS. same time admires his loyalty to agree wi,th him that the first the Scriptures and the deep step toward peace is to "abolish A Grand Canyon of Resurrection evangelical fervor which perthe system of private property Realities. By Robert G. Lee, D.D., vades page after page of this exas the chief means of produc- LL.D. $1.00. 172 pp. Wm. B. traordinary book. Eerdmans Publishing Co., Grand J. R. S.

tion and distribution." A defi- Rapids, Mich. 1935. South China Folk. By Mary Brewster nite attack on capitalism is a distinct strain throughout the book. This book embodies the studies Hollister $1.25. 141 pp. Revell. The unique and most helpful of the twentieth chapter of New York. 1935. part of the volume is the an- John's Gospel by the eloquent Another book by Mrs. Hollisthology of one hundred daily pastor of the Bellevue Baptist ter! One hundred forty pages readings on the main thoughts Church, Memphis, Tenn. in good-sized type, full of the set forth in the early part of the Dr. Lee recognizes the human spirit as well as fact of the counbook. On the who I e, this limitation of thought and speech try always so warmly interthought – provoking discussion in any attempt to adequately preted by this author. Adults leaves one convinced that to live describe one of the great chap- will enjoy reading it with chiltriumphantly one must follow ters of the Word of God. BatHed dren and even young people will the brave and unselfish way of as he believes himself to be, he find excellent material here. HOWARD A. ADAIR. inquires, "Who, by word and by There is the frequent sparkle of Christ. pen, by sermon and by song, by Chinese humor, the steadiness The Sufficiency of the Cross. By W. painting and by philosophy, can of patience, the pathos of aspira- W. Marlin. 12 mo. 1s. net. Pick- explore all the corners of this ering & Inglis, London. 1935. vast continent of Scripture? One tion, and a delightful sketching of personalities. One regrets These are Keswick addresses, had as well hope to haul to the that the first two chapters are therefore they are sure to be threshing machines in a wheel- quite unconnected with the rest biblical, searching and convert- barrow in one day all the wheat of the book though there is, in ing. Let every reader give trib- grown on a Kansas prairie as to Chapter 2, definite background ute to the mighty effort of Kes- expect to place within the limits for the ensuing story. The book wick, like the springs in the hills, of one book all the marvelous is neither profound nor great; upon the finest Christian life of truths of this chapter. One had there are rather too many Chi- England, A mer i c a, and the as wisely expect to put in a one- nese expressions and also too world – for over fifty years. acre garden all the flowers that much repetition of religious These addresses embody truths bloom in America as to expect phrases, but the interest is lively, which have become increasingly to write with pen and print on the pictures vivid and the imreal to the author and have paper an adequate description of pression fully worth the couple brought peace and power to all the glorious truths in this of hours spent in reading. The many. chapter. One had as well hope coming of light into a far-off vil- The four chapters concern to put all the diamonds and lage simply through a little girl four truths that are like stars of rubies in the world in the and the innkeeper's wife, with the first magnitude. "Pardon thimble of a seamstress as to ex- the help of a mission school in a through the Blood of the Cross," pect to give in anyone book an neighboring city, and some and then "Purity," "Peace," and adequate appraisal of all the friendly cooperation, convince "Power," also through the blood. Scriptural wealth of this chap- the innkeeper that he was right This is not present-day specula- ter." However, though confess- when he said, "We obey the tion, but exposition. The author ing that his "mental tent can Heaven-Father, and then He marched calmly and confidently cover only a small corner of this will bless us." through his illuminating analy- vast scriptural continent," he MARY W. HUMPHREY HADLEY.

OUR MISSIONARY BOOKSHELF

The Use of Material from China's lowship in the consciousness of the ineffective humanism of Spiritual Inheritance in the Chris- pardoned sin, imparted life and their long history. tian Education of Chinese Youth. perfect provision. By Warren Horton Stuart, Ph.D., Limits of space do not permit Kwang Hsueh Publishing House, That more use than in the of detailed specifications. Shanghai. 1932. $2.50. past should be made of China's great ethical inheritance – per- C. H. FENN. The book is a dissertation presented at Yale University for haps the greatest in the world Hot Hearted. By F. I. Codrington. the degree of Doctor of Philos- apart from Christianity-and of Illus. 12 mo. 111 pp. 2 8. Church ophy, the theme having been what she possesses of the spir- of England Z. M.. S. London. 1935. itual in her early, unique, simple chosen with a definite purpose worship of a personal Heaven, Christ offers to women the' to provide "a guide and source greatest hope for liberty and ad.. book for Christian teachers in and in her emphasis on a benev- vancement. Moslem, H i n d u , China." As a "source book," olence among men which some- Buddhist and pagan women have times approaches the Christian little to hope for in this world or Dr. R. S. Smith, of Yale, says idea of Love, is certainly true, the next. Here we have eight truly, in his Introduction, "Dr. stories that show what Christ and Dr. Stuart's dissertation has done for Chinese women and Stuart has brought to his task a should serve a very useful pur- how Christian faith and life are brilliant and ingenious mind and pose in that regard, both in the helping to bring about new and the competence of a well-trained better social conditions. Mrs. hands of the Christian teacher, Ahok, a little Chinese lady of scholar and workman." Born Chinese or foreign, and in those rank, a Christian with "lily feet," and bred in China and for years of the intelligent seeker after came to England in 1890 to plead a missionary, he possesses spe- Truth. The Chi n e s e unac- for her sisters in China who were cial equipment for the task, evi- quainted with English, however, still "under the power of the idols," Mrs. Chitnio Ling was a dently a labor of love. As a will be in less danger than the Chinese girl, born in a heathen "guide," however, one's com- English reader of the book, of family, who attended the Chinese mendation of Dr. Stuart's work drawing the conclusion that, in Girls' School in Singapore and then went to China as a Christian must reluctantly be tempered her "Three Religions," China al- missionary. They are all inspirwith the caution that a sym- ready possesses so nearly all ing sketches that reveal the purpathetic translator from a for- that Christianity offers, that he pose and power of the Gospel of eign tongue, with a theory to Christ. may content himself with what demonstrate, rarely avoids an his own inheritance affords and Ethical Issues Confronting World unconscious reading into his leave to the West its own spir- Christians. By Daniel Johnson texts of more than they were Fleming. 273 pages and an Index. itual inheritance. As a matter Price, $2.00. The International ever intended to express. "With of fact, there never was a time Missionary Council, 156 Fifth Avebut little persuasion," Dr. Stuart when thinking Chinese were less nue, New York, N. Y. "would fain make Christians" satisfied than today with their own "spiritual inheritance." This is a carefully written and out of Confucius, Lao c ius fairly exhaustive treatment of (Laotze), Mencius, and espe- Some of the most intelligent some great problems. Certainly Christian leaders are urging the Christian of today, in the cially Micius (Motze). He has new missionaries not to give light not only of the melting of gathered together a remarkable geographical barriers because of much time to the study of modern communications but also collection of quotations from all because of the Great Commisthe Chinese sages and philos- China's old man-developed reli- sion, must have a world outlook. ophers, ancient, medireval and gions and philosophies, when And the issues discussed by Dr. modern, to exhibit the "Chris- China's need for the presenta- Fleming are timely. Christians, especially those in administratian values in Native Experi- tion of a God-revealed secret of tive positions in the church, are ences," and "Units of Indigenous a new life is so pressing, and the now unavoidably confronted Moral and Religious Literature," with the ethics of soliciting need for its general understand- funds, of the acceptance of as a wonderful "Spiritual In- ing and acceptance is so widely armed protection by missionheritance" which China herself felt. Dr. Stuart's purpose to aries, the population problem, has contributed as a foundation "indigenize the religion of Christ the meaning of true religious lib- erty, and similar questions. to the Christian education of in China" is manifestly sincere her own youth. To much of it and truly laudable, and his com- Dr. Fleming faces these issues we may, with the author, attrib- squarely, making a genuine efute a "high ethical and spiritual pendium of quotations forms a fort to grapple with difficult quality," the ethical, however, most valuable book of reference; problems, and at the same time one's only fear being that its standing far higher than the spiritual, because even the prim- use as a textbook in Christian Schools in China may lead some itive monotheism of Chi n a to accept the shadow for the subposited no infinite Creator, no stance, to look upon Christ as absolutely holy and righteous merely a wiser sage, a mor~ per- Ruler, no perfectly loving Fa- fect pattern, acceptance of whom as such constitutes the whole of ther, no sacrificial Redeemer, Christianity, thus condemning with whom the common man and woman, as well as the sage and themselves to little more than emperor, may enjoy eternal fel-

endeavoring to preserve a fair noncoercion on the left . . . ,vio- Evangelical Christian missions impartiality of s tat em e n t. lence has long been the weapon will first cho.ose the "vague" Moreover, there are some things of conservatism." project of preaching the Gospel, in the book that will search the This is only one example of the not forgetting the field mice as a heart of any thoughtful reader, extreme difficulty of maintaining subsidiary activity. whether he is conservative or detachment when writing upon There is, finally, one great inliberal in religious outlook. Par- the ethics of great economic, po- adequacy in this volume and the ticularly strong in this respect litical, and religious issues. In- school of thought it represents. is the section (beginning on deed inconsistency is inevitable The whole discussion proceeds page 117) regarding individual as in the case of Dr. Fleming's on an extrascriptural basis. Ocresponsibility for the use of references to "tainted money" casionally there is a fair statemoney. "We vote," writes Dr. and his citation of cases where ment of the Evangelical point of Fleming, "with our doll a r s. certain gifts were refused be- view, as on pages 80 to 82, but Every expenditure is voting for cause of scruples regarding their the whole book is almost devoid the character and quantity of source. Yet he frequently and of references to the Bible. Much goods that are to be produced; with seeming approval relies is made of missionary planning and the proportion saved by the upon the Layman's Foreign Mis- and statesmanship, we miss the purchase of simple goods in or- sions Report and the Rockefeller references to the essentiality of der to help various measures of Foundation for impressive ref- prayer in finding a solution to uplift is a measure of the inten- erences. One is tempted to ask, great ethical issues. Does the sity of one's vote for human re- "Were the Standard Oil millions Word of God have nothing to lief and reconciliation. . . . Love amassed in accordance wit h say about the problems which which expresses itself in philan- Christian ethics? To what de- Dr. Fleming treats? If the book thropy without revealing itself gree do such funds represent a leaves the reader with an imin sacrifice finds difficulty in be- 'tainted' background?" ing either creative or redemp- pression of inconclusiveness, it tive." From another point of view, is because it represents a purely In his treatment of Economic one notes that Dr. Fleming's human endeavor to face issues Reconstruction, Dr. Fleming oc- most effective cases of nobility on which God has something au- of conscience regarding the casionally lapses into what would indemnity question are drawn thoritative to say in the Person appear to be an uncritical admiration for communism. To from the experience of the of Christ and in the Book from one who recalls that, according China Inland Mission, a funda- mentalist mission of reactionary which all Christian ethics are to reliable figures, the Red attitude measured by standards regime in Russia has been in- of the Layman's Report, yet in drawn. FRANK E. GAEBELEIN. 'these instances acting in accord strumental in the slaughter of with the most advanced social Lowell and Abigail. A Realistic Idyll. about 11,000,000 human beings, By Mary Dillingham Frear. Illus. the unspeakable persecution of S vo. 325 pp. Privately printed. New Haven. 1934.

Hawaii (The Sandwich Is- countless others (cf. Tcherna- conscience. lands) , the land of beauty and of vin's "I Speak for the Silent"), Other examples chosen by the romance, furnishes the scene of the erection of a system of mili- author are less con v inc i n g. this life story of Rev. Lowell taristic tyranny, and in addition, Those who believe that the Gos- Smith and his wife, Abigail, a recognized sub rosa propa- pel is still "the power of God early missionaries of the Ameriganda for the overthrow of for- unto salvation" and that the can Board. The period covered eign governments, these sen- world needs to be converted, is 1809 to 1891 and the material tences cause some won d e r : will, if they are not too deeply is gathered from journals and "There are bounds beyond which distressed, have to suppress a letters, with additional not e s a foreigner may not go in advo- smile on reading page 40, where from their daughter, Mrs. B. F. cating changes in another cul- Dr. Fleming frankly says that Dillingham. It is first hand doc- ture or in an alien system. Some "the conversion of the world," umentary evidence of the spirit, might be willing to risk death in "preaching the Gospel to the purpose and power of the pioneer the same way as have the com- most degraded, neglected and missionaries – b e aut i full y munists whose martyrs number despised people," "the establish- printed, well illustrated and with into the thousands. It is moving ment and development of an in- a full index. Much is of personal to read the simple unadorned digenous church," these aims family interest rather than of sentences with which a commu- "are too comprehensive or vague general importance but the story nist manual for 'Calls' in China to be called projects" for the use has a fascination, human inter- lays down the duty of a party of foreign money in missions: est and a message for every member to give up his own life As an example of a missionary friend of missions and every when called upon to do so. Out- project he proposes the distribu- lover of God and man. Many fa- doing the communists may in- tion of poisoned grain in twelve mous people and events, as well volve just such a risk…. From villages to combat a scourge of as information about Hawaii and one standpoint the use of vio- field mice. Preaching the Gos- its people, find a place in the rec- lence belongs on the right and pel vs. exterminating field mice! ords.

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cents paper; 40 cents cloth. Bap- Directory of Protestant Missions- Mrs. Margaret Weaver Beahm tiBtSunday School Board. Nash- 1935. $1.50. Kwang Hsueh Pub. Denning, wife of the Rev. J. O. Denville, Tenn. House. Shanghai. ning, retired Methodist missionary to India, died at her home at Pacific D. . Over Samarkand: The Rebirth Education in Fiji. Cecil W. Mann. Palisades, California, on August 16. . of Central Asia. Joshua Kunitz. 138 pp. 6s. Oxford University The Dennings served in India from 848 pp. $8.00. Covici, Friede. ,Press, London; University Press, 1890 to 1926, being stationed for va- New York. . Melbourne, Australia. rious periods at Poona, Muzzafarpur, :traq: From Mandate to Independ- India's Womanhood: Forty Years' Gondha, Allahabad, and Ootacamund. ence. E. Main. 267 pp. 16s. Work at Ludhiana. Christine I. Mrs. Denning led in evangelistic and Tinling. 119 pp. Is. 6d. and 2s. 6d. educational work for women, and as- . ,;,',,.Ulen" Unwin. London. R. T. S. London. sisted her husband in organizing the The Land and Life of Africa. Mar- first Epworth League in India. She God and the African in Kenya. H. was national secretary, and for ten p!'¢. Wrong. Illustrated. 144 pp. R. A. Philp. Illustrated. 189 pp. years national president of the India 28. Edinburgh House Press. Lon- 2s. 6d. Marshall, Morgan ~ Scott. W. C. T. U., and for three years was ton; London. international superintendent of the Department of Prison Visiting and From Fetish to Faith: The Growth The Meaning of Shinto. J. W. T. Reformation. She wrote "Mosaics Mason. 252 pp. $2.50. Dutton. from India," "The House Beautiful," :of til" Church in West Africa; W. "Short Poems," and "Dainty Cookery J; Platt. 159 pp. 2s. Edinburgh for the Home." Mrs. Denning Souse Preu. London. New York.

was born in Harrisburg, Pa., TWO SCOFIELD REFERENCE BIBLE SPECIALS October 17, 1856, and attended Illinois Wesleyan University. Robert R*. S*erv*ice, regional secretary of the Young Men's Indil Piper Edition, Lelther Cover Christian Association for Shan- 33X. This superb Scofield Bible, leather bound, on genuine Oxford India tung Province, China, and a sec- paper, at the lowest price ever offered. All who have seen this book have retary of the International Com- been delighted, and have asked, "How can you sell so fine a volume at such a mittee of the Y. M. C. A. for low price 1" Contains all the wonderful helps for which the Scofield Reference twenty-nine years, died sud- Bible is famous. Pocket size 6~ inches by denly in Shanghai on Septem- 4U inches, 1116 inch thick, weighing only ber 29. Mr. Service went to . Specimen of 7Ype 14 And-tbe–~ord was-made 16 ounces. Only $5.00. China for the Y. M. C. A. in fbleesbhd.danhdisdl1woerlyt;a.&meon1g10u1sY. a(sanodf twhee W·Ith I.mproved 1. 0dex, 50c extra. 1906 and did pioneer work in Name stamped in gold, 50c extra. Chengtu for fifteen years. Later he went to Shanghai to join the national staff and served as re- Popullr $1.25 Edition gional secretary for Western 30. This is the lowest priced Scofield edition ever made, but contains the China. For the last year Mr. earne complete unabridged helps as the most expensive. Clearly printed on Service had been assigned to the excellent paper, and strongly bound. An excellent volume for pew use, Bible Chinese International Famine classes, and for the study table. Relief Commission, located in Shanghai. He retained, how- Cloth board binding, size 7×4~ inches. Only $1.25. ever, his post as secretary of the Shangtung region. REVIEW OF THE WORLD, Third and Reily Sts., Haul.burs, Pa.

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The Missionary Review of the World — September 1935

1935

The Only Christian College in Iran Samuel M. Jordan Islam's Debt to the Bible Samuel M. Zwemer Federal Favor for Fetishism Flora Warren Seymour Always Something New in Turkey Charles Trowbridge Riggs What Is a Faitll Mission?

Robert Hall Glover Forty-seven Years Among Chinese Jonathan Goforth Front Page News-An Airplane Crash!

R. w. Hambrook 25 Cents a Cop, $2.50 a YeaI'

to Remember Obituary Note. Mrs. Lucy W. Peabody has

September 3-S-Negro National Bap- Miss Stella Relyea, who had served from the chairmanship of the Associa- tist Convention, 143d Street Armory, 37 years under the Baptist Board in tion of Baptists for Evangelism in the Harlem, New York. China, died May 7 at Clifton Springs, Orient. She has been succeeded in N. Y. In 1902 she became principal' the chairmanship by Rev. Harold T. September 16-23-School of Missions, of Chung Md Girls' School in Kinwha. Commons, of Johnson City, New York. Minnesota. Mrs. A. F. Auguster, The work of this Association is con- 1536 Van Buren St., St. Paul, Min- fined to the Philippine Islands. nesota. *** *** September 17-24–School of Missions, Warren, Ohio. Mrs. Geo. Konold, 314 Mrs. Archibald Hore, for many Rev. Paul Shinji Sasaki, professor Scott St., N. E., Warren, Ohio. years associate editor of the Spirit of Liturgics and Applied Theolog~-, of 1ldissions, died last June in Scotch Central Theological College, St. Paul's September 27-0ctober 6 – Interna- Plains, N. J., at the age of 86. tional Committee of International University, Tokyo, has been elected Missionary Council. Northfield, *** second Bishop of the diocese of Mid- Mass. Japan. He will be the fourth native Bishop Arthur Stanley Ward, of of Japan to be elevated to the Angli- October 15-20 – International Con- the Moravian Church, died May 27, in can espiscopate. vention of the Disciples of Christ. his 71st year. He was born in Ja- San Antonio, Texas. maica, where his father was a mis- * October 16, 17-American Mission to sionary. Bishop Ward was a member Rev. G. A. Riggs, Baptist mission- Lepers. Annual Meeting, New of the General Missions Board of the York, N. Y. Moravian Church. ary in Puerto Rico, is celebrating the October 22-Five Years' Meeting of :;: * * silver jubilee of his service in the the Friends. Richmond, Ind. Levi Mumaw, Yice-President of the island. * * '" October 2S-November 1 – Houston. Mennonite Board of Missions and Texas. Mrs. E. B. Mohle, 2309 Charities, diE'd at his home at Scott- Dr. T. L. Holcomb, of Oklahoma Robinhood, Houston, Texas. dale, Pa., .Tune 4. In addition to his City, has ~ucceeded Dr. L J. Van Ness duties in conncctilil1 with the mission November 17-Men and Mission Sun- activitics he was secretary-treasurer as Secretary-Treasurer of the South- day. Topic: "Jesus Christ and the of the Mennonite Publishing House at World Today." For source material Scottdale, and secretary of the Men- ern Baptist Sunday School Board. write to the Laymen's Missionary nonite Central Committee, a relief or- Movement, 19 S. La Salle St., Chi- ganization that carried on extensive * *' * cago. work in the Near East and Russia after the war. Dr. Daw Saw Sa, who is noJw in December 7-Universal Bible Sunday. private medical practice in Burma, '" * * takes an active interest in missionary December 28, 1935-January 1, 1936- work, and represented the National Student Volunteer Convention. In- Miss Elma French, missionary of Missionary Council of India, Burma dianapolis, Ind. and Ceylon, at the International Mis- the Reformed Prellbyterian Church in sionary Council Meeting at Lake Mo- the Levant, passed away April 26 at honk, New York, in 1921. She was Aleppo, Syria. Miss French had been formerly Head of the Lady Dutferin on the field about twenty-seven years. Hospital at Rangoon. The greater part of her work was in Mersine, Asia Minor, where she did ** outstanding work in the schools and for the refugees and Armenians Dr. J. J. Lucas, of the American through their trying years. Presbyterian Mission, who began his service in 1870, is the senior mission- ary of North India. He has beeR active with his pen and recently has published a history of the North India Tract and Book Society.

Printin Personal Items •*• When You Require It Dr. and Mrs. Daniel A. Poling, Dean L. S. Cozart, of Barber-Scotia President of the World Christian En- Presbyterian School at Concord, N. C., We wish to ext••d to you an invi- deavor Union, sailed from New York has been accorded several honors as a tation to become acquainted with on a round-the-world tour on July reward for outstanding service. The THE EVANGELICAL PRESS of 12th. Mter visiting Europe and at- Governor of North Carolina asked him Harrisburg, Pennsylvania. tending the Christian Endeavor Con- to serve as a member of a special com- vention in Budapest, they plan to visit mittee of fifty, composed of 25 whites Thousands of institutions and individ- Greece, Egypt, the Holy Lands, and and 25 Negroes, to gather facts reuals have accepted a similar invitation, go through Persia and Iraq to India, garding Negro teachers in North Caroand have enjoyed a profitable printing Siam, China, Korea, Japan, and Aus- lina. He was also asked by the State association for years. Department of Education to serve on Our specialty is Books, Magazines and tralia. Dr. and Mrs. Poling expect to the Textbook Committee, the first Booklets. We have modern equipment to meet all the requirements of your be in Hawaii in March and to return Negro in the history of North Carolina particular job. Our service is quick, to the United States in April, 1936. to be asked to' help select its textbooks. careful and courteous. ,. '* '" * ,. * Why not allow us to estimate on your next printing? You will be delighted Dr. James L. Barton has retired Dr. Harold A. Moody, Negro phywith our product, price, and service. from the office of President of the gov- sician in London, is the founder and erning boards of the three union col- president of the League of Colored The Evangelical Press leges for women in India, an office Peoples, organized in London four which he has held since their organiza- years ago to promote the economic, Printers 01 tion. He has also resigned as chair- educational, political and social inter- man of the trustees of the v,ralker ests of colored peoples in Great The Missionary Review of the World Missionary Homes, Auburndale, Mass., Britain and America. He has been after thirty-five years of service. elected president of the British Chris- PLANT AND MAIN OFFICE: tian Endeavor Union. **• Third and Reily Streets Harrisburgl Pa. *** Dr. Walter Van Kirk, Secretary of the Department of International Jus- Dr. Robert Cochrane has resigned tice and Goodwill of the Federal Coun- the medical secretaryship of the Brit- cil of ChUrches, has been designated ish Empire Leprosy Relief Associa- as the special investigator with regard to the possibility of establishing an tion to work as a volunteer for five American church in Moscow to serve years among lepers in India. He will members of the American colony. (Concluded on page 385.)

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REVIEW OF THE WORLD VIEW grows better." during the autumn. Arrangements may be made through Dr. David Por- DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Editor REV. HOWARD A. ADAIR. ter, Headmaster of Mount Hermon Paterson, N. J. School, Massachusetts. Dr. Koo is VOL. LVIII SEPT.,1935 No.9 one of the mQst brilliant, eloquent and *** Publication and Business Office– convincing speakers who have visited Third and Reily Sts., Harrisburg, Pa. "The July issue has just come and America. He is especially effective is more fascinating than ever." with young people and miscellaneous Editorial and Executive Office– 156 Fifth Avenue, New York City. REV. MARTIN P. SIMON. audiences. Entered as second-class matter at Eugene, Oregon. *** Post Office, Harrisburg, Pa., under *** Act of March 3, 1879. Dr. K. S. Oh, a Korean Christian The article on "The Spiritual Con- physician, has been elected President 25 cents a copy-$2.50 a year. dition of the Heathen," by Dr. Frost, of Severence Union Medical College in Foreign Postage, 50 cents a year. in the July REVIEW, is the strongest Seoul, KQrea, as successor to Dr. O. Published monthly, except August. argument I have seen for the imme- All rights reserved. Copyrighted 1935. diate evangelization of the non-Chris- R. Avison, retired. Dr. Oh is a rep- British agents – Marshall, Morgan tian wQrld. It shows what God resentative of the Southern Presbyte- and Scott, 12 Paternoster Buildings, teaches in His Word and ought to be rian Church. He was born in Korea London, E. C. 1 shilling per copy, widely read. on October 4, 1877, of Christian par- 10 shillings a year. ents, and after completing his course HORACE N. DOUGHERTY. at the Pai-Chai Middle School came MISSIONARY REVIEW PUB- New York City. LISHING CO., INC. to America and studied at Center Col- BOARD OF DIRECTORS Personal Items lege, Kentucky, and the University of ROBERT E. SPEER, President (Concluded from 2d Cover.) Louisville, after which he returned to WM. I. CHAMBERLAIN, Vice-President WALTER McDOUGALL, Treasurer go to the Leper Settlement in Madras Korea. DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Secretary for a five years' period of 'intensive research into the treatment of leprosy ••ttAWonderful Help SAMUEL MCCREA CAVERT on the most modern lines. He will MRS. ORRIN R. JUDD live among the 750 patients at the onThe Foreign Field"

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ERIC M. NORTH Misses Mildred Cable, Evangeline "Your school is a wonderful help here on JESSE R. WILSON and Francesca French, the three in- the foreIgn held and I am so happy to have trepid piQneer workers for the China my children so well educated," writes a A. L. WARNSHUIS Inland Mission, who were held pris- parent whose children are studying Calvert oners three years ago in the Gobi Courses in far off China. SAMUEL M. ZWEMER Desert, returned to their work in northwest China last month. They For 28 years. Calvert School has had a part Editorial Chat are accompanied by "Topsy," their in educatmg the children of famIlies in sixteen-year-old deaf and dumb Chi- Missionary work . . . in giving them the Our June Special Home Mission nese adopted child. rich, cultural background of an Amencan Number has been enthusiastically re- private school. ceived. Now is the time to order *** copies for pastors and Mission Study No matter where your mission, Calvert Classes. This issue of the REVIEW, The Rev. C. Y. Cheng, D.D., LL.D. School will come to you with complete with its wealth of Home Mission in- (Dr. Cheng Ching-yi), has resigned courses of instruction for your children formation, will be a stimulus to many. as general secretary of the National from kindergarten to high school age. Special rates for quantities ordered at Christian Council of China. He has one time. been for 25 years a leader in China, All lessons, books, stationery and special remarkable for his winning personal- Calvert educational devices are supplied *** ity, broad statesmanship and marked from our rrominent and successful pnvate ability. He was chairman of the Chi- day schoo in Baltimore. As noted in our July issue, the Au- nese National Christian Conference in gust number Qf the REVIEW was omit- 1932 and has made several visits to These simple, understandable, moderately ted – to save expense and because Europe and America. He originated pnced Home Instruction Courses arc a many readers are away from home. the Five Year Program of Evangelism unique and satisfactory way of solving your To compensate for this the June, July, for China and has been moderator of b~l~~'s educational problem in the foreign September and October issues each the General Assembly of the Church contain sixteen pages extra. Do not of Christ in China since its organiza- Lessons MlY Be Storied It Any Time miss their wealth of material. tion. Dr. Cheng is now placing him- self at the disposal of the United Write today. Get full information about *** Church Qf Christ to work for the unity Calvert-"The School That Comes to and upbuilding of the Christian cause You." See what Calvert is doing for The REVIEW has been warmly rec- among his people. others . • • it will do the same for your ommended at many Qf the Summer Conferences and Schools of M.issions. *** – – – – – children. – – – – – – – – – – – If it is not on sale, or is not mentioned at any conference yQU attend, please Rev. James H. Nicol, of Syria, is CALVERT SCHOOL speak about it to leaders and write to temporarily filling the place of Dr. us that we may correct the oversight. Cleland B. McAfee, in the Presbyte- Mrs. G. S. Rhoads It is your magazine. rian Board of Foreign Missions, Dr. Director of Home Instruction McAfee being laid aside by illness. What you say*, a*nd w* hat others say, 189 W. Tusclny ROld *** helps the REVIEW and helps the Cause BALTIMORE, MARYLAND of Christ. Already we have been Dr. Toyohiko Kagawa, the foremost asked to reprint three articles fro'm Christian leader of Japan, is expected Name recent numbers. Notice what some to arrive in America in December for Address readers say: a six months' lecture tour. One of his principal addresses will be at the Stu- Child'. Age_ _ "The June (Home Mission Number) dent Volunteer Convention in Indianis especially strong and valuable. I apolis, December 28th. Dr. Kagawa's wish that all our Home Mission boards speaking engagements are being made would order a large number of copies by Miss Helen Topping, 2969 Vernon to distribute throughout the Church." Ave., Chicago, Ill.

JOHN McDOWELL, Secretary of *** Board of National Missions, Presbyterian Church, U. S. A. Dr. T. Z. Koo, the well-known Chi- nese Christian speaker, is now in *** [385 ] "I rejoice in the continued high character and helpfulness of the articles in the MISSIONARY REVIEW.

DAY FOR HEALTHFUL SPORT AT ALBORZ COLLEGE

STUDENTS OF ALBORZ COLLEGE AND HIGH SCHOOL IN ASSEMBLY Note that Persian Students Wear Their Caps in Chapel TRAINING PERSIAN YOUTH IN BODY, MIND AND SPIRIT

NARY

REVIB ORLD VOLUME LVIII AN INTERDENOMINATIONAL REVIEW OF WORLD-WIDE CHRISTIAN PROGRES!'l NUMBER 9 SEPTEMBER, 1935 Topics of the Times NEED FOR REVIVAL IN EUROPE (5) Modern rationalism and humanism also deify humanity and humanize God. This tend- All Europe is like a volcano, a powder box or a ency leads to the exaltation of reason, science and cauldron "where the devil's broth is brewing." the material universe, and to the degradation of Miss Ruth Paxson, a well-known Bible teacher humanity by the worship of the creature rather and Christian ambassador, who has been spend- than the Creator. ing some months on the Continent, calls attention to the following outstanding antireligious factors (6) These influences lead to paganism with its that are working against Christ today: attendant nudism, loose sex relations and the exal- tation of pagan superstition and ancient deities- (1) There is the communism that deifies ma- as in Germany. terialism and seeks to destroy belief in God. Soviet leaders will fail to realize their aim to It is estimated that 375,000,000 people in "uproot religion," but a spiritual awakening is Europe need to be evangelized. Many know the needed to counteract that influence. name of Christ but show little or no evidence that they really know Christ as Saviour and Lord, or (2) Atheism has organized "The Alliance of that they have ever experienced spiritual life, or Militant Godless" which ten years ago reported know the transforming power of the Gospel. Mil- 120,000 members, five years later claimed 2,000,- lions of people in Europe today need to be evan- 000 and in another five years (1940) expects to gelized as truly as do the millions of Africa and enroll 20,000,000. Godless Russian groups are Asia. Dr. Karl Barth says that if Evangelical promoting atheism in thirty-nine other countries; Christianity is not to be utterly destroyed in thirty-five antireligious universities have been Europe, then the truths of the Protestant reforstarted and there are travelng antireligious mu- mation must be reemphasized. If the Christian seums and atheistic papers published in forty- Church is to survive in Europe then Christ must eight languages. be reborn in European hearts by the power of the Spirit of God. (3) Nationalism is another movement that is sweeping over Europe and is seeking to put the State above God. Hitler and Mussolini attempt RELIGION AND MISSIONS IN GERMANY to make themselves and their laws supreme. Mrs. Wasserzug, a German Christian, says: "The The situation in Germany does not seem to imleader principle means that the will of man is to prove. Not only is anti-Jewish persecution as rule absolutely in all spheres of life, so that the strong as ever but the Nazi's are campaigning Church becomes a servant of the State. It is anti- against Roman Catholics and all Protestants who Christ wanting to save man according to a human will not yield to the dictatorship of the secular plan. Christ is no more to be Head of the Church." State. The German evangelical Christians stand All this is leading to man-worship and idolatry. firm though threatened with the loss of property and the management of their own ecclesiastical (4) Fanaticism, in the form of superstition, affairs. These injustices and high-handed measignorance and bigotry, is another evil influence. ures on the part of the Hitler representatives are It may be in the form of mariolotry, Bibliolotry, causing Germany to lose friends in all civilized ecclesiasticism or any other formal religious be- countries, have brought about a threatened boylief that exalts something else in the place of cott of the Olympic games in Berlin next year, Christ.

[387 ]

and may bring retaliatory measures in other di- t1;ley must combine their spiritual forces with the rections. Some German leaders are still seeking "confessional churches." They have gone through to promote a return to the worship of all pagan one perplexity after another. After the World Teutonic Gods. Confessional pastors are also be- War there was the task to recover the lost mission ing persecuted. fields-a task in which they have not been com- German evangelical missions are still suffering pletely successful. * from financial depression, the attem!pted regulation of churches in Germany, and the Nazi finan- Then suddenly the disastrous inflation threatcial restrictions. Dr. Julius Richter, of Berlin, ened to put an end to all German mission work. writes as follows concerning the present situation This danger had hardly passed when the turmoil of church and missions in the Germany today: of the political and of the ecclesiastical develop- ments threw the missions again into great and The Protestant churches, as a whole, have not seemingly unsuperable difficulties. At present the been divided by denominational lines but by the missions face the perplexity of foreign exchange historic territorial divisions – the P r u s s ian and the government prohibition against exporting Church, the Bavarian Church, etc.-twenty-eight money from Germany. British and American of them. When the German Reich was forged churches, in spite of their own perplexing financial together it seemed desirable to the Government situation, have to some extent come to the help of to amalgamate those 28 territorial churches into German missionaries. God alone can preserve the one united "Reichskirche" since there was no de- work and keep alive German Protestant Chriscisive obstacle of creed or order. But this attempt tianity. has met with strong opposition. THE JEWISH QUESTION IN AMERICAt All the world over it has been a common experience that a vivid materialistic upheaval A very remarkable conference of well-known usually goes hand in hand with a religious revival. church leaders of many denominations was held This seemed within reach if all 65 millions of in Princeton in June to consider the attitude of Germans could be brought under the all-embrac- Christians and churches toward the Jewish people. ing enthusiasm of the national socialistic revolu- The Conference accepted the principle that a tion so that a strong religious rejuvenation might Christian approach to the Jews is an integral part follow the political and national reconstruction. of the Church's responsibility. Christian work The development has gone rather in an opposite among Jews has too long been regarded as the direction. Cinderella in the Church's missionary enterprises, lightly esteemed, scantily supported, and pushed In Germany, as in many other countries, there aside for what have been considered more imhave been many pseudo-religious movements such portant enterprises. The time has come to recogas spiritism, theosophy, anthroposophy, and Chris- nize the regal character of a ministry to the race tian Science. These substitutes for Christianity of Jesus, and to claim for it its rightful place in have made a move in line with the national revo- the life of the Christian Church. lution, have taken up the watchwords of race and blood and "Bode" and have started a dozen or a The right of the Church of Christ to include the score of old German or neo-pagan associations or Jewish people in its ministry should never be quesspiritual currents which curiously find favor in tioned. As Dr. Louis H. Evans, of Pittsburgh, extreme nationalistic circles. The pious Christian put it: "Christianity dm never fulfill its task if circles have felt all the more the obligation to it loses its sense of imperial universality, born of stand firm on the foundation of the Biblical reve- the fact that Christ is the need of every race. The lation and of the German reformation. At present power of evangelization is largely lost when we the "Reichskirche" is dead, yet there is a very approach our task with any sense of apology, or serious conflict between the divers currents of of embarrassment, as though what we had to neo-paganism and of the "confessional churches." offer did not justify the attention and loyalty of every human heart. Christ is the universal need. The Protestant missionary societies are not di- He is no more sectarian than sunshine or rain." rectly implicated in this ecclesiastical turmoil, but There should be no illusions as to the greatness • The Swiss Basel Mission has not recovered its flourishing work of the task of winning Jews to the discipleship of in the French part of the Cameroon mandate, the Bethel Mission Christ or of the difficulties that must be faced, but has not been given back its promising work in Belgian Ruanda, the we cannot avoid the duty because of its extent or Hermansburg Mission has lost its Telugu field. of the difficulties involved. There must be an earnest spirit of endeavor to accept the challenge The Rhenish Mission has transferred Its mission in Borneo to the and to gird ourselves anew for the task. Basel Mission Society; has transferred its mission in Southwest Africa and Amboland to the Finnish Mission Society; has trans- t Notes of a conference held at Princeton in June. ferred its mission in New Guinea to the United Lutheran Church of America.

The Berlin Mission has transferred its Kioutschou Mission to the American Lutherans.

The Breklum Mission has transferred its mission In Tanganyika Territory to the Newkirchen Mission.

TOPICS OF THE TIMES

There is, of course, great room for diversity with the Church if it does not recognize its opof opinion as to methods to be used in work for portunity. the Jews. But differences of view can be discussed with a real desire to understand and ap- "Unless the Church is made to feel its responsipreciate others' points of view. In Princeton bility for the Jews," said Dr. Wm. R. King, "there there was complete unanimity on one issue-the is no hope of an advance in our approach to them. Christian attitude toward antisemitism. The It must be confessed that the Church has not al- Church can never compromise with an attitude so ways gone about this work in the best ways. We foreign to the teaching and spirit of Christ. A must bring to the work sane and practical methmissionary, a pastor, a layman and a public school- ods, tried and tested techniques, and above all a teacher, each discussed most helpfully "The Im- genuinely Christian spirit of approach that is full portance of a Christian Ministry to the Jews." of promise for its future success." There was no disposition to minimize the value of the mission in a Jewish ghetto as a means of evan- WHITHER MEXICO? gelization but there was a keen recognition of the fact that the time has come when the Church it- Not many weeks ago, General Elias Calles, for self must undertake the task directly and by means a number of years the supreme stage director of of every agency at its command. With Jews liv- the Mexican drama, suddenly took a plane in the ing in 12,000 different places in the United States Federal Capital and flew northward to his native and Canada, and with at least 50,000 churches state of Sonora. This sudden and dramatic flight having Jews living in their parishes, besides hav- of "Mexico's strong man" marks the end of one ing many neighborhood houses, colleges, and other chapter and the beginning of another in the revoinstitutions in continual contact with Jews, it is lutionary history of the country. How are we to high time that the Church utilized its resources estimate the significance of this change in the in some adequate way to break down the barriers center of power in Mexican affairs? In the inbetween Jews and Christians and open a way for tervening weeks since the flight took place, a numthe Gospel. ber of happenings have occurred, sufficient to lift the veil from the Mexican enigma, and set in high The open forum, literature, the neighborhood relief the part played by Calles in the antireligious house, the local church and the Christian college, campaign of recent years, and the trend of the may be very effective means of approach. new government on the religious issue.

The high value of an educational program is The state of Tabasco, a quite unimportant reacknowledged, not only through the pulpit and gion on the geographical periphery of Mexico, will promotional literature, but through church study go down in history as the chief experiment station groups, and church literature. Dr. Park Hays where General Calles and his satraps permitted Miller, of the Board of Christian Education of antireligious policies to be worked out, expecting the Presbyterian Church, said: "In our interpre- to apply them at an opportune moment to other tation of the Bible we can and should endeavor to states. In April, 1928, General Obreg6n called be fair and to avoid creating prejudices. As an Tabasco the bulwark of the revolution. The Goveditor supervising Sunday school lesson materials, ernor, Garrido Canabal, had been assidiously clos- I have felt called upon to revise some manuscripts ing churches and expelling all clergy from the at this point when they unnecessarily stirred anti- territory. This identification of Obreg6n (an ex- Jewish feeling. This can be avoided without president of the Republic, and then candidate for weakening our Christian testimony. There is a second term), with the radical policies of the little use in avoiding opposition at the price of Governor of Tabasco, was an ominous sign of surrendering what we believe to be essential what might be expected when the new president truth." took office. Less than three months later the presi- dent-elect was assassinated by a young Catholic Contrary to the general impression, Christian fanatic. work for the Jews has not been attended with meagre results. Fruitful fields await only wise In March of 1934, another presidential candiand consecrated reapers. So many have been the date visited the state of Tabasco, General Lazaro converts in connection with Peniel Community Cardenas, his visit coinciding with that of the ex- Center, Chicago, that the Director is planning for president and then virtual dictator, General Elias the establishment of a Hebrew Christian Church Calles. The two men publicly eulogized the in October. Pastors bear testimony to the re- achievements of the Tabascan Governor, and held sponsiveness of Jewish neighbors to a friendly up Tabasco as the model state of the republic. Christian approach. The Spirit of God is mani- Less than two months later the exercise of the festly moving upon Jewish minds and hearts Christian ministry became illegal in Sonora, throughout the Jewish world and it will fare ill Calles' native state, where his son was Governor.

From then onward, until Calles took farewell of tion. The main radical policies of the governthe Mexican capital, one radical act followed an- ment will probably continue, but positive religious other with startling rapidity in different states of persecution will increasingly diminish. One of the Republic, and in the Federal Legislature. The the first acts of the president, after power was amendment to the Constitution (in October, 1934) fully vested in his own hands, was to rescind his made it a primary function of education to com- former edict which had banned religious literature bat all religious prejudice and fanaticism. Some states interpreted this as a charter to eliminate and correspondence from the mails. The presence religious ideas from the minds of children. All Roman Catholic Churches were closed in the State in the new Cabinet of General Cedillo, former govof Queretaro and Colima, while all religious services were suspended in the State of Chihuahua. ernor of San Luis Potosi, is evidence that a rad- ical policy will be followed along agrarian lines, The new president took office on December 1, but a liberal policy in everything relating to reliand on February 12, as a result of an alleged conspiracy against the state, the use of the mails was gious belief and worship. General Cedillo has condenied for religious literature and for correspondence which might involve propagation for any re- sistently refused to allow the Federal laws bearligious teachings. The notorious governor of ing on religion to be applied in his state. The new Tabasco had also come into federal politics, as chairman of the National Revolutionary Party Minister of Agriculture in the new Cabinet. He (ex-president Portes Gil) is one of the most libwas accompanied by a small army of "reds" whose eral elements in Mexico. He sympathizes deeply function it was to bait Catholics in the Federal with the Evangelical position and was at one time District. Some bloody conflicts took place and an official in Tamaulipas when Doctor Andres increasing restrictions upon religion in a number Osuna, a distinguished evangelical, was governor of states created a situation of growing intensity of that state. both in Mexico and in the United States. Nobody knew who was really responsible for this ultra- Meanwhile the strain and stress has tended to radical trend. Was Garrido Canabal the protege weld Mexican evangelicals more closely together. of Cardenas or of Calles? Was the antireligious In some states they have suffered religious recampaign, which continued in full force during strictions equally with Roman Catholics, but they the new president's first months in office, a delib- have great hopes for the future. For some time, erate policy of General Cardenas, or was it im- a prayer meeting, held each morning in the Fedposed upon him? The answer to that question has eral Capital at 6: 30, has been largely attended by been supplied by events in Mexico since Cardenas evangelical workers. Although the foreign misshook himself free of the tutelage of Calles and sionary aspect of the work, as carried on by evandefied his erstwhile chief. gelical churches in this country, has been greatly It is now clear that the major interest of Presi- curtailed, the Gospel has sufficiently taken root in dent Cardenas is not the suspension of religious Mexico to guarantee under God its continuance liberty, but the prevention of capitalistic exploitation. He thus appears as the new champion of and indigenous propagation. The next phase the Mexican workmen and agrarians, while his administration is denounced by Calles as radical should be the establishment of closer relations and anarchistic. Calles himself began as a poor schoolmaster in the early days of the revolution between evangelical communions in the United and is now a feudal baron with millions of capital. States and autonomous evangelical communions Among his immediate followers have been a con- in Mexico, so that together, in full Christian libsiderable group of socialist millionaires. The revolution undoubtedly gave back many wide acres erty, they may think and pray and work together to the people, but it also bas thrown up a new landed plutocracy. for the promotion of Christ's kingdom on both Nobody can confidently forecast what may take sides of the Rio Grande. JOHN A. MACKAY. place in Mexico, but if the Cardenas government succeeds in consolidating itself for a period of THE CRISIS IN ETHIOPIA years, certain actions of the president and the composition of the new Cabinet, warrant us to Ethiopia (formerly known as Abyssinia) is attempt a prediction. Mexico at present is not threatened with invasion by Italy, possibly with taking a swing to the right or to the left, but is a view to making it a part of the Italian empire, returning to the central position of the Revolu- at least with the hope of making it a protectorate. This mountainous country comprises 190,000 square miles-about one-fourth less than the area of Texas, nearly the size of Spain. Tradition says that the rulers are descended from Solomon and the Queen of Sheba and the Emperor is called "The Lion of the Tribe of Judah." The country has maintained its independence for over 3,000 years. The Abyssinian religion is traditionally Christian, having been introduced by the officer of Ethiopia in the first century A. D., as a result

of the preaching of Philip the evangelist on the from God, went through this province and made a great road from Jerusalem to Gaza. The people of the impression on these people. Almost to the last man they country are hardy, poor in this world's goods, and are devoted followers of the teachings of Asa. Among generally uneducated. The nearest neighbors to many other things, he told them that soon the white man Ethiopia are the British in the Egyptian Sudan would bring them God's Word, and to wait for it and beand British Somaliland, the French in French lieve it. And ~ it is not surprising that there are 150 to Somaliland and the Italians in Eritrea and Italian 200 people coming out on Sundays to hear God's Word. Somaliland. They will listen to a two-hour message, and then sit until three or four o'clock asking questions. Theirs is not merely Premier Mussolini, like a modern Cresar, hav- an idle curiosity, but a genuine intelligent interest. The ing set out to form a strong Fascist government, old men in the surrounding country come out, and many with a militarized people, apparently desires to have shown an amazing grasp of the atoning work of our enlarge Italian territory and is looking for some Lord. Until the old men have decided on the "merits" of way to use the growing Italian army and navy. this "new matter," the women and children must not Slight disturbances on the Italian Somaliland- listen, even for a moment. Abyssinian border have given an excuse for demands on Ethiopia and a threatened invasion. The friends of the Sudan Interior Mission re- Naturally not only is Ethiopia greatly disturbed cently sent a cablegram to the Ethiopian Minister but France and Great Britain also, especially as of Foreign Affairs expressing sympathy and say- Ethiopia is one of the chief sources of the Nile, ing that they were joining in prayer for Ethiopia. which is the life of Egypt. The arousing of A reply came from His Majesty, Emperor Haile Africans and other colored races, by a new evi- Selassie, expressing the gratitude of the nation dence of "white imperialism," also threatens to "which has lived through many centuries, guardstart a race war and possibly another world war. ing her independence. In the Name of our Lord Any Italian-Ethiopian conflict will be a blot on Jesus Christ, I beg you to continue praying for civilization and will set back the cause of peace her." and world brotherhood at least a generation. This is a matter of world-wide concern. For more than a decade the door into Ethiopia has been wide open to Christian missions. The Haile Selassie I has appealed to the League of Sudan Interior Mission alone, in the past eight Nations to prevent armed conflict. The Emperor, years, has sent in eighty-seven missionaries. upon whom falls the burden of governing and When the American Government requested that modernizing a medireval empire, is ruler of a war- American missionaries withdraw, the mission has like people, and he promises to lead his armies replied that mothers with children, and others with the "Ark of the Covenant" borne by the Ethi- electing to go, would be sent home but most of opian pope at his side, just as the ancient Kings them will remain at their posts. of Judea once went out to wage battle. Emperor Haile Selassie asks the world to note that Ethiopia Recently an American committee of the "Friends is progressing in civilization, is promoting educa- of Ethiopia" has been formed, with Dr. Thomas tion, that many slaves are freed each year and that Jesse Jones as chairman and Emory Ross as secspecial schools are opened for their instruction. retary. This is a national committee, representing many interests and religious creeds. The object Evangelical missionary work is carried on in will be to arouse Americans, British and others Ethiopia and is encouraged by the government. to the need for definite action to prevent a conflict. The British and Foreign Bible Society has col- An appeal is being made to various governments porteurs there, the Swedish mission has long been and to the League of Nations. established, the United Presbyterians (U. S. A.) have an excellent medical work and the Sudan WHISPERING CAMPAIGNS Interior Mission (international and interdenominational) is opening many stations as centers of An astonishing admission has come from a witpioneer evangelistic work. ness before the Senate investigating committee to the effect that he had recommended a "whispering If Italian domination should prevail in Ethiopia, campaign" as a means of combatting certain legisit seems probable that limitations would be put lation to which he and his friends were opposed. on evangelical mission work, as has been the case What this campaign was or why it was recomin other Italian territory in Africa. A glimpse of mended or inaugurated does not concern us here the type of work conducted by the Sudan Interior so much as the fact that the statements made in Mission is given in a recent interesting letter from the campaign were without foundation in fact, Mr. Harold Ste~t who has recently settled in a were intended to destroy public confidence in a new station at Shama, eighteen days' journey national leader and were given pUblicity for the southwest of Addis Ababa, the capital. purpose of winning support for the campaigners' cause. That such unscrupulous campaigns are About ten years ago a native religious teacher and possible is another sign of human degeneracy. prophet, named Asa, who claimed to have a revelation "Whispering campaigns" to discredit opponents are doubtless as old as history. They have been

used against Roosevelt, Hoover, Wilson and other WHAT AN AFRIOAN WOMAN THINKS presidents. They were used against St. Paul when OF A MISSIONARY* men said he was "mad" ; they were started against Jesus when His enemies said He had a demon and Mrs. Thomas Moody, for forty-four years an blasphemed God. They are used today against American Baptist missionary in the Belgian Christian ministers when, without proof, they are Congo, died on November seventeenth, following charged with being disloyal to Christ or unfaithful a two weeks' illness. Dr. Catherine Mabie, of the in their sacred office. "Whispering campaigns" same Mission, writes: "To know Mrs. Moody was are not only carried on against missions by un- to love her and she leaves a large group of col- leagues and friends; in hundreds of Congo vilsbeellfiiesvhearsndwhuonpcrloaidmuctthivaet,thbeutweovreknisCuhnriwstairarnasnwteild~ lages there is sorrow because the lightly tripping feet of 'Mama Moody' will never again be comfully arouse suspicion as to the orthodoxy, loyalty ing down the long trails over which they have or effectiveness of missionaries in general because so often passed during recent years. Both Mr. they think that some have proved unworthy of and Mrs. Moody have been intrepid itinerant their high calling. These "whispering campaigns" evangelistic missionaries. Three to four months are started through rumors which discredit indi- of each year they have spent out among the vilviduals, boards or causes with which the cam- lages, ministering to the deep need of the Chrispaigners are out of sympathy. The rumors may tian communities as well as winning many conhave some foundation but are insufficient to war- verts to Jesus Christ." rant the campaign. The worst of it is that the campaign is spread by thousands who pass on the One of the Congo Christian women, Elizabeth rumors but know little or nothing of the facts. Mangunga, came under the influence of Mrs. Moody and reflects something of Mrs. Moody's Such a "whispering campaign" was recently saintliness and serenity. She gives her testistarted by an anonymous editorial in a Christian mony (here translated) to what a missionary periodical. The editor thought he had reason to may be: spread charges as to certain missionaries' unorthodoxy and lack of evangelistic zeal. Readers Mama M'oody called home by God our Father in the accepted the report as true and it spread by word of mouth to the great detriment of the mission- Congo. She has gone to the Saviour, Jesus Christ, whom aries, the mission Board, and the cause of Christ. Subsequent investigation showed that the "cam- she loved so much. paign" was without any adequate basis, and the man who wrote the letter acknowledged that he Tata and Mama Moody, our helpers, came to this councould not substantiate his charges. Unfortunately much damage had been done, for falsehood is try to tell the Good News of God to us, but our fathers much more fleet of foot than truth that seeks to overtake it. in the early days opposed them and they endured many Followers of Christ should be energetically op- hardships. They were truly workers who sacrificed their posed to all "wliispering campaigns." Jesus himself did not approve of them when His disciples own desires to work for God our Father; they persevered were inclined to discredit those who did not agree with them in all particulars. The Christian will in showing the friendships of Jesus Christ, and our fathers make no compromise with sin or with falsehood but neither should he spread suspicion and doubt. came to know that they were people of love and finally It is best to deal with facts, tested facts, proved facts-the truth spoken in love-and trust God received Jesus Christ. to judge motives, loyalties, and results. After many years of close contact with missions we are Mama and Tata Moody loved us very much. They were convinced that, as a rule, no body of people in the world is so unselfish, so loyal to Christ and the zealous to tell the Good News of Jesus everywhere. They Word of God, so full of spiritual power and so effective in service as are the missionaries of never tired; they went to Lukunga, Bolenge, Mwanza, to ~hrist. It be~ooves us to uphold them in prayer, m understandmg sympathy and by sacrificial gifts the Bayaka and Bambala country, to Sona Bata, telling so that we m,ay be in partnership with God wherever He is manifestly working to transform lives the Good News. They continued zealously to tell the and to enlist men in His service. Let us beware of "whispering campaigns," but be diligent in story until Mama Moody finished her work here on earth spreading the Good News. and,went to her Saviour and to her God, whom she loved always.

In 1927 Mama Moody excelled in itinerating. I went with them to the Bayaka country. They had a very diffi- cult trip. When the carriers could find no food, they re- fused to carry tIle "Kipois," Mama was not discouraged, we walked along the road together.

She told me how much trouble and sorrow she had ex- perienced. She told me of the time her child died at Lukunga. She was all alone at the time, for Tata was at Leopoldville on a trip to the district there. "Y eCs~"ngMo abmuat Moody said, "we have had hardships here in never mind, all is well."

That night Tata read and talked about Philippians 3: 7-12. His teachings strengthened us at Zikomba and all through our trip, which was long and tedious. '

Mama never tired of working for Jesus and with a great love she loved us. The Sunday before she was taken ill she went out to a village Kinzila, to hold services. Now she is resting in heaven-Mama has finished washing her heart in the blood of Jesus Christ.

ELIZABETH MANGUNGA.

• Congo MisSion News.

HALL, ALBORZ COLLEGE, TEHERAN

The Only Christian College in Iran By SAMUEL M. JORDAN, D.D., LL.D.* President, Alborz College of Teheran MANY were surprised when the Persian gov- most outstanding feature of the landscape. This ernment informed other nations that from new name preserves the College monogram- March 22, 1935, the spring equinox on ACT, which has become the College slogan. Stuwhich the Persian New Year begins, that country dents and alumni say, "We Iranians have always is to be addressed by her proper Persian name, been famed for poetry and philosophy rather than Iran (pronounced "ee-rahn") , by which, from for practical action, but the students of our Colprehistoric times, she has been known to the in- lege act. We do things." They have acquired habitants and to her Asiatic neighbors. Iran is this reputation throughout the empire and are the land of the Aryan, in contrast to Turan the justly proud of it. land of the Turk. In the autumn of 1872 the American Mission Ninety-nine per cent of the people of the coun- was established in Teheran, the capital of Iran, try, if they heard the name Persia, would not by the Presbyterian Church, and the following recognize it. Cyrus and Darius were natives of March a school for boys was opened. This school the province of Pars (Fars today), from which, was at first of primary grade, but the standard through Greek and Latin, our English term "Per- was gradually raised as the demand for modern sia" has been derived. education increased. In 1901 it became a high school, in 1913 a junior college, and in 1925 a The growing nationalism of Iran is fUrther standard college. In 1928 the first B.A. degrees evinced by the fact that the government has re- were given under a temporary charter granted by quested foreign institutions to discontinue the use the Regents of the University of the State of New of foreign names. For this reason the name York. This charter was made permanent in 1932, American College of Teheran has been changed putting the American College of Teheran on a to Alborz College of Teheran. This is eminently level with first-class American colleges. appropriate as the snow covered Alborz range, rising like a mighty wall behind the college, is the For many years this Christian school occupied centrally located but limited quarters within the • President Jordan recently received the honorary degree of Doc- city. In preparation for the college-to-be a new tor of Laws from Washingtqn and Jefferson College. In the citation, Dr. Ralph C. Hutchison, the President. said: ··Great and beloved site, now comprising forty-four acres, was purteacher of the youth of Iran, tutor of princes, preceptor to sons of the desert, indomitable pioneer, ingenious moulder of bricks with- chased in 1913. At that time it was waste land oofutthsetratwho,ucgrhetataonrdoifdiaomsigonfifaicabnrot tahnedr psetroaptleeg, icspcioriltluegael , fraathreerscohf otlhaer of noml'nal va.lue,· but today ·l·.·t l'S ··perhaps the most c~~isl;,an, and powerful, happy, and veteran missionary of the valuable property in the.city. Located just north [393 ]

of the recently demolished city walls, overlooking picked up a flashlight and stepped out to show the entire city, it commands a superb view of him the way. It was this same young prince with mountain and plain. a large pail in his hand. I said, "Hello, are you on the water patrol this week?" He replied, "No, On this campus college buildings have gradually I am not, but a few minutes ago I went to the tank arisen until at present the plant comprises Rolle- to get a drink and found it empty. I brought a stone Hall, the main building with offices, library, pail instead of a cup so that if any of my friends auditorium, and classrooms for 600 to 700 stu- should want a drink the water would be there. It dents; a fully equipped, up-to-date Science Build- seemed to me a brotherly thing to do." I think ing; two dormitories with a combined capacity of we all will agree that it was a brotherly thing to 150 students; an infirmary; and three residences do, but a few years earlier no high-class Persian for professors. Three football fields, three basket- would have dreamed of "demeaning" himself by ball, four volley ball, and eight tennis courts, base- doing such a thing. ball diamond, and running track, provide for the physical education of the students. These col- Before the World War in the numerous schools lege buildings combine American ideas of educa- and colleges scattered throughout the Turkish tional efficiency with Persian architectural grace Empire, because of the bigotry of the Turk, the and beauty. They are considered the best modern enrolment was largely made up of the minority examples of the celebrated Persian-Saracenic peoples – Armenians, Greeks, Bulgarians, Ser- bians, Syrians, Jews; every race rather than the architecture. Turk, the ruling people. Naturally the students imbibed liberal ideas and became agitators for Prejudices Removed reform. Hence these colleges were looked upon with suspicion and distrust as fomenters of re- In Iran the different races-Moslems, Zoroas- bellion against the rule of Turk. trians, Armenians, Assyrians, Jews – have had separate schools. The result has been suspicion, One of the remarkable things about this College distrust, intolerance, and enmity. We have al- in the capital of Iran is the class of students enways enrolled students of all races, religions, and rolled. While many deserving poor boys have ranks of society without discrimination. They been accepted and trained-and a number of these have shared the same seats, sat beside each other today are found among the prominent leaders of in classrooms, rubbed shoulders on football fields the country-since the beginning of the century and basketball courts, and the result has been that a very large percentage, especially in the boarding all have learned to be friends, and to cooperate department, have been sons of prominent families; enthusiastically in service to their country. sons of royal princes, cousins of former Shahs, the only grandson of His Majesty, Reza Shah In 1928 three sons of one of the greatest princes Pahlavi, sons and grandsons of Prime Ministers in Iran were graduated from our Junior College. and other Cabinet Ministers, of Members of Maj- When one of them was about fifteen years old he less (Congress), of the great tribal chieftains, and was playing in a football match one afternoon. He of other influential men from every corner of the and another boy collided and they proceeded to Empire-boys who whether educated or not would scrap with all the vim and enthusiasm that Ameri- be in future years among the rulers of the land. can boys .would show under like circumstances. A The Persians suspect the citizens of all other nacousin on the side lines turned to the servant of tions of selfish motives. They do not suspect the princes, who had come with their carriage to Americans. All classes have confidence in our take them home, and exclaimed, "What a good- good intentions and our ability to give their sons for-nothing servant you are! You saw the son of the education they need to equip them forthe new His Imperial Highness struck by the son of no- duties of the new democratic age. Referring to body and you did not avenge the insult!" The Alborz College, the Persians say: "The Americans young prince overheard the remark. He stalked have a factory in Teheran where they manufacover to his servant and laid down the law thus, ture men." Because of the efficiency and trust- "When one of my friends and I have a difference worthiness of the men turned out, the College has of opinion on the football field, you understand it won its high reputation. Probably no other school is a friendly fight. If you ever dare to interfere in the world has ever enrolled so many of the sons and strike one of my friends, I will report it to of the leading men of any country as for the past His Imperial Highness, my father, and you will thirty years have been studying in this College get bastinadoed." He then turned back and re- in the capital of Iran. The result has been that sumed the game. many of the men educated in this College are prominent among the progressive patriots who Some five years later we were camping in the have cooperated to transform the medireval des- Alborz Mountains with the Boy Scouts. Late one night I heard someone going to the spring from which we got the drinking water.. Knowing that the lantern had been taken in for the night I

THE ONLY CHRISTIAN COLLEGE IN IRAN

potism of thirty years ago into the modern, pro- new campus. We need a football field. See this gressive democracy of today. stack of shovels. Here's the way to make a foot- ball field!" Suiting the action to the word, I threw Self-Support, Self-Respect, and Service a shovel across my shoulder and started off. The young American housemaster did the same. The Making people pay a fair price for what they boys without hesitation followed. We marched get is one of the best ways to teach self-respect out through one of the principal avenues, past the and self-reliance. Tuition fees are much higher home of the Prime Minister, and each boy was than other schools and the boarding department having the time of his life, for he was outraging has been more than self-supporting. We have the proprieties and conventions of a thousand years and he was enjoying it just as an American boy would. We put in three or four hours of good stiff work and at the end I said, "I hope you re- alize the significance of what we have done. It will go down in the history of the College that the first work on the campus was done not by down- trodden peasants receiving twenty cents a day,"- the usual daily wage-"but by the self-respecting, patriotic students who wished to testify by action as well as by word that a new day has come in Persia and any kind of labor is honorable." The young men who took part in that first "labor demonstration" more than twenty years ago never fail to mention it with pride as they return to the college. Some facetiously maintain that the num- ber who participated has materially increased with the passing of years. Numerous such de- IN THE CHEMISTRY DEPARTMENT, IRAN COLLEGE charged nine sons of the wealthy and well-to-do DR. VESSASI, MEDICAL GRADUATE AT WORK enough to support ten. This has met with the full approval of the patrons. In this way we have partures from medieval prejudices have helped been able to educate a number of worthy poor to establish the dignity of labor. boys. Although the majority of the boarders are from wealthy families, the spirit of the institution The steadily increasing contribution of the is democratic. There is perfect equality. Each alumni to the development of the new national boy makes his own bed and takes his turn in wait- life of Iran becomes more impressive year by year. ing on the table. This is contrary to their old One alumnus-the only man who has been a memideas of rank and exclusiveness, but it has worked ber of every Majless (Congress) since the incepwonders in ushering in the new democratic age. tion of constitutional government in 1907 – con- In every department of the College we are teach- tinues to be (utstanding in the political and ecoing the dignity of labor. We are producing men who are both democratic and level-headed. We are training up a democracy that is safe for the world.

The dignity of labor has been instilled into the students by example as well as by precept. Shortly after the land for the present campus had been purchased, passing along the street T saw a mule loaded with the wooden snow shovels which are the ideal things for cleaning off our desert land. I bought the whole load and had them stacked up in front of our door. As it was Friday, the school holiday, I sent word to the housemaster of the dormitory to bring over his boys after luncheon. They all came anticipating something interesting. I said, "You know we have bought land for the

nomic life of the country; another for five years In 1914 when many were terrified by the imhas been the youngest member of Majless, though pending peril of a Jehad or Holy War, we posnot the least influential. The Minister of Educa- sessed our souls in peace, for we were sure that tion, his first assistant, the working head of the Persia would not go in, and, therefore, a Holy medical school, the legal advisor of the Ministry, War could not succeed. In her early years bolthe Governor and the Chief of Police of the shevism boasted and other nations feared that she wealthiest province, the Assistant Minister of the would make an easy conquest of Persia, and from Interior, the controller of the government opium there spread eastward into Afghanistan and Inmonopoly, the director of the mint, the financial dia, and westward into Turkey, Irak, and Arabia. controller of the new railroad, and the superin- Again we knew it would not happen, for we had tendent of the rolling stock, and hundreds of been selling the Persians a different brand of others as government officials and in every walk democracy, and the bolsheviks would find no purof life are rendering notably faithful and efficient chasers for their special brand. The political, service to the country, as physicians, lawyers, social, and international services rendered by this teachers, army officers, merchants, manufacturers, College are worth to the world many times all that bankers. It is a great joy to us to see how loyal has been spent in Persia in the last century-and our alumni are to the ideals of honesty, truthful- these are only by-products. ness, and hard work which were held up to them in student days. It is often said by those in high One of the reasons for the success of the school places that the greatest defect of the Iranians is is that we have always played fair. We accepted that they fail to cooperate. Frequently we hear the all races and creeds, and every social rank, and remark: "Noone in Iran knows how to cooperate naturally insisted that there should be liberty, except the young men who have been trained in fraternity, and equality. One of our first rules the American College." By means of football, was that no one, either student or teacher, should volley ball, basketball, and other group games, and make a slighting remark about the religion of the Boy Scouts, as w~ll as by classroom instruc- another. tion, our students have learned that cooperation is the only road to success, and so they are playing While there is religious liberty for all, the well the game of life. Christian character of the school has been positive and pervasive. A goodly number .of the students The College has always cooperated with the become Christians. As a rule this causes very government in every possible way. For many little comment o.r opposition. The Christian stuyears practically all the football games of the city dents have weekly Y. M. C. A. meetings; carryon were. played on our fields, our laboratories have personal work among their fellow students and been shared with the government medical school, evangelistic work for outsiders. The All-Persia members of our staff regularly assist in the an- Christian Student Conference initiated in 1928 nual government examinations, and in revising continues to conduct inspiring conferences each and drafting l1ew courses of study for the govern- spring. ment schools. ··.With the recent full recognition of our higher courses of study, the very favorable Inspiring the young men of Iran with the ideas attitude of those in authority, and the fact that and ideals, the principles and standards requisite one of our loy~l. alumni is Minister of Education for the regeneration of a nation; helping a nation prospects seem brighter than ever before. to move out of the middle ages into the twentieth century; training the men who are helping to .The best political news in the world today is mould the new life of Persia; counteracting that Iran, the 1,2000mile bridge between the Near numerous subversive influences; promoting inter- East and the Eftr East, is a nation of hearty good- national understanding and goodwill, and consewill. In the midst 'of ~ world gone mad with quently promoting world peace, this College is supernationalism Persia has kept her head better rendering a priceless service not only to Persia, than any of her neighbors. While maintaining her but also to the whole world. national integrity, and insisting that other nations shall treat her with due respect, she is not carry- If anyone of the 623 colleges and universities ing chips on her shoulders. She is eager to co- in America was forced to close its doors there would be 622 remaining, eager to welcome the operate with her sister nations for international students of the college that had closed. But Al- borz College- is the only Christian college in the fair play and international peace. This is largely Empire of Iran, the only Christian college in a stretch of 3,000 miles. This college needs help to due to the American Mission in general, and to continue its service. Do not let the fact that you the College in particular, which have convinced cannot contribute as much as you would like pre- vent your sending what you can. the Persians of the sincere disinterested friend- ship and goodwill· of America.

Favor for

The American Government and the American Indian By FLORA WARREN SEYMOUR, Chicago, Illinois U NDER the high-sounding slogans of "toler- dent that the opposition to many other features ation" and "religious liberty" missionaries would also prove a barrier to its passage. It was of all denominations working among the therefore withdrawn, and a substitute provided. American Indian are meeting with such obstruc- The religious feature was, among other things, tions to their work as have not been encountered eliminated. for more than a century past. Still Indian opposition to the bill has continued. The attitude of the present administration of At the last moment, when the session of Congress the Indian Bureau was made clear in the original text of the was almost at its final gasp, the passage of even this emasculat- Wheeler-Howard bill which ran Here is a striking and im- ed remnant became clearly im- its spectacular course during portant contribution. Mrs. possible. A hurriedly composed the spring of 1934. In this Seymour is an attorney at makeshift was then rushed proposed legislation it was ex- law, for twenty-five years has through Congress and sent to pressly declared to be "the pur- been a student of American the President for signature. It pose and policy of Congress to Indian life and history, and is became law on June 18, 1934.

promote the study of Indian the author of HThe Story of This last minute legislation con- CI.VI·1l·zat·IOn and preserve and tbhoeoksR. edSheMwaans,"a manedmboetrhoefr tained only a few of the pro- develop the special cultural the United States Board of visions of the original bill. It achievements of such civiliza- Indian Commissioners from was obviously a face-saver- tion including Indian arts, 1922 until it was abolished in something which should still crafts, skills and traditions." 1933. She has visited many bear the names of the original Such a purpose is far from of the Indian reservations and promoters and so relieve the ad- favoring "religious liberty" as schools and is thoroughly ministration of the onus of defined by the American Con- familiar with the situation complete failure. To those who stitution. Instead, there was in among the Indians and the had read neither bill nor the contemplation a deliberate pro- various efforts to improve substitute, the similarity in motion of "native religion" as their condition. What she name (Wheeler-Howard bill) opposed to the Christian faith wanrditeasctsheorfe thoef UtnhietedattSittautdees made it appear that success had learned by the Indian from Commissioner to encourage crowned the efforts of the pro- white missionaries. Here was the Indians to Hrevert to ponents of the original. That a direct challenge to those who type" should be read and impression was strongly fos- believe missionary endeavors carefully considered by all tered by a press release from to be justifiable and desirable. who are genuinely interested the Indian Bureau itself, pro- One denomination, and only in the welfare of the Red Man. claiming that the Commissioner one, realized this challenge of Indian Affairs was "the hap- fully and roused itself to meet piest man in Washington" on the danger. From one church and another in the day the bill was signed. If he read the final Michigan, from home mission clubs, from Sunday text which became law his happiness must have school groups, from young people's societies, pro- been sadly dimmed.

tests poured in to Congress asking that this sub- Succeeding events seem to indicate that the In- versive clause be removed from the bill. It was dian Bureau is still unaware that the deliberate made plain that there was strong opposition to fostering of native religions and primitive ritual- the deliberate official teaching of Indian traditions ism is not a part of the law of the land. For the and superstitions. official encouragement of shamanism, tribal cere- When the bill had'been three months before monials and the like, has gone on as strongly as Congress and before the Indians, it became evi- if there were legislation behind it. This attitude [397 ]

on the part of the Indian Bureau in Washington dermine the practice. The attitude of the Indian is a hindrance and a menace to the work of teach- Office was made clear before the Wheeler-Howard ers, extension agents, physicians and nurses, as bill was passed. On January 3, 1934, an order well as to the missionaries whose aim in life is signed by the Commissioner of Indian Affairs and to replace the old Indian magic and fakirism with countersigned by the Secretary of the Interior, the tenets and practices of the Christian religion. declared that "the fullest constitutional liberty in all matters affecting religion, conscience and cul- HOPI-INDIAN SNAKE DANC ER ture, is insisted upon for all Indians." A rattlesna k e is carried in the mouth of the priests in front while This sounds like a wide and generous gesture; the priest behind uses a whip of featbe rs. it is supplemented by something a bit more spe- cific: "In addition, an affirmative, appreciative at- From the nor.th woods a woman missionary titude toward Indian cultural values is desired in writes: the Indian Service."

The work here is getting very hard. Paganism is on the "Cultural" is an all-embracing word. In some increase. The children are being taught the pagan dances Indian tribes it includes polygamy; in others, and rituals. Our scout troop has been taken to a distant r,tual prostitution; in many, a pitiful terror of city to exhibit the Indian dances and the largest pagan evil spirits that supposedly keep baleful watch ritualistic service in our twentieth century was held two over every human activity. Fear of the dark, weeks ago. fear of a dead body, fear of touching even the hide of certain animals; fear of looking in the direc- When I came to this post in 1931 I went fearlessly all tion of one's mother-in-law; fear of dreams; fear over the reservation at any hour of the day or night. This of eat~ng fish-these are some of the many Indian is no longer possible. They feel that they are a law to taboos ' toward which employees of the Indian themselves and celebrate by getting and staying drunk. Service are bidden to take an "affirmative, ap- I am afraid to meet a drunken Indian after dark. Sober, preciative attitude." How much appreciation for they are both gentle and kind. . Indian customs can a teacher or matron manifest when a young girl begs to remain at school for the Under a previous administration provision was summer that she may avoid the submission of her made for the setting aside of one hour weekly, body to the elders and medicine men of the tribe? when pupils in the government schools might receive religious education, according to the de- The first Indian Bureau circular was followed a nominational preferences of themselves or their few days later by one which permitted "as a parents. Openly to abandon this would have been provilege" the use of a schoolroom for religious impolitic, but the same purpose could be served education by a missionary, "Including any repreby new regulations which would effectively un- sentative of a native Indian religion." It was stated that children were to receive instruction from missionaries only if their parents appeared before a superintendent and gave consent, or made request, in writing. To obtain such formal con- sent from illiterate parents, living at remote dis- tances from the reservation superintendent, would be difficult if not impossible. With the Indian Bureau employees formally warned to maintain an "appreciative attitude" toward native religions, the obtaining of parental consent would not be facilitated. As a result religious instruction lan- guished in many of the schools. The prohibition of "required attendance" was frequently if not always interpreted to mean that the religious hour was not regarded as an educational period at all and in some schools the new regulations brought about a discontinuance of all religious education.

On April 3.0 Secretary Ickes promulgated a cir- cular threatening with dismissal any employee of the Indian Bureau who should oppose the new policy, including "opportunity for them (the In- dians) to develop their own culture." That cir- cular still applies to any encouragement that gov- ernment employees might offer to missionary en-

FEDERAL FAVOR FOR FETISHISM

deavor. Some employees still attend churches, and rule is that the pupils should converse in their own contribute to their support, as has been their cus- tribal language, though that as a rule shuts them tom in the past. Others, not few in number, have off from communication with the teacher who is felt that their standing with the Washington of- supposed to be guiding them. How disastrously fice will be better if they withdraw from any con- this retards the school work is too obvious to need nection with religious activity. elucidation. It is a widening of the gap between the races. But the purpose of Indian schools is "My wife and I feel that we have a right to at- to narrow that gap. tend church when away from the reservation," The new day schools among the Navajos offer A TYPICAL INDIAN HOGAN (HUT) the solution for this problem. No books are pro- vided so the native mind is unsullied by their insaid a teacher of many years' service, "but here fluence. No blackboards on which a word might on the reservation it is best to refrain from par- be written, deface the unbroken whiteness of the ticipation in the work of the mission." schoolroom walls. There are no teachers to whom English is the native tongue. Instead, young While such participation has not been formally Navajo "assistants" conduct the affairs of the inprohibited, no doubt is left in the minds of Indian stitution-largely industrial-with the use of the Service employees as to the direction in which Navajo language. the wind is blowing. Even such apparently innocuous contact as might be involved in an em- One might assume that English would thus be ployee of the Indian Bureau explaining to a effectively barred. Strangely enough, in the very missionary gathering the purposes of the govern- few day schools that have so far been put into ment work on erosion control or agricultural ex- operation, the demand for English teaching has tension has been definitely discouraged. In other already come, in no mistakable terms, from pupils words, if a government employee values his job- and parents alike. The Navajo people themselves, and who doesn't, in these hard times ?-it is to though primitive, are intelligent and adaptable. his interest to remain silent and inactive in re- They realize fully the usefulness of the English gard to his own religious convictions. This in the language in their daily life. name of "toleration" for the native religion, we find to be a virtual denial of religious freedom to Nowhere, however, does the inconsistency of the government employee, whether white or In- the Indian Bureau reveal itself more clearly than dian. NAVAJO INDIAN GRADUATES OF A MISSION SCHOOL If this were all, it would be sufficient to show that the vaunt of "religious liberty" is a mere in the medical work among the Indians. "Native cloak for official opposition to Christian mission- religion," as all workers among primitive people ary effort. But the insistence upon the inculcation understand, usually includes medicine men, with of native culture goes much farther than this. their incantations, charms and ceremonies de- signed to relieve a patient from illness or disaster Heretofore the use of the English language has brought upon him by the ever-present evil spirits. been required in Indian boarding schools after the To foster the ancient traditions inescapably means pupils have become acquainted with the speech of to foster the traditional, primitive forms of treattheir teachers. A case can be made out for call- ment of disease and the ceremonials in case of ing this rule a hardship, but it is a hardship that death. is inseparable from effective education. None of us learn to speak a foreign language if we persist in using our own on any and all occasions. Yet such is the procedure now officially fostered. The

The Indian Bureau has accepted responsibility ual values to offer the Indian, then he should re- for such encouragement of shamanism. Faced frain from intruding upon him. In that case the with this question at an open meeting, the Com- sooner he withdraws his schools, hospitals and missioner of Indian Affairs told the inquiring churches, and leaves the native culture undis- physician that the "cultural unity" of the tribes turbed to work out its own way, the better it will must first of all be preserved. It is fully under- be for all concerned. But if he has a better way of stood, among employees of the medical service of living to present, either for this world or for the the Indian Bureau, that they are expected to co- next, then he should present it without apology, operate with the local medicine men – priests with the full consciousness that it is truly a better of the native religion. Too often such coopera- way and is entitled to supplant filth and ignorance tion means the removal of the patient from the and cruelty.

hospital at a critical period. He may then be the A Higher Way of Life subject of a bear dance or a four-day "sing" or some other typical tribal ceremony. Whether his Missionaries and those who support them are disease be tuberculosis or scarlet fever, a broken committed to the belief that there is a higher way leg or bronchitis, the ceremonies include the at- of life than that beset by shamanism and savage tendance at his bedside of as many interested fears. In that belief they should confidently put spectators as can be crowded into his smoke filled before the Indian what the white man can offer hogan or tepee or "wickiup." When the disease is in the way of relief from physical and spiritual contagious, the death of the patient may be only terrors. Missionaries giving their lives to such the beginning of the fatalities as a result of the work deserve the unqualified backing of the observance of native religious rites. boards and congregations farther removed from Handicaps of the Indians the actual problems. In the past two years that backing has not been so confident or so strong Fear and ignorance are too often accompanied as the faithful workers in the field deserve. In by cruelty. The spirit working these ills must eastern cities, far from actual conditions, men sometimes be exorcised by physical attacks upon and women listen to the specious cry of "religious the affected portion of the body. Beating upon a liberty." Some are deluded into thinking themtubercular spine, at the hands of the local medicine selves "broadminded" when they are merely negman, was the lot of one little girl. Another Indian ligent; tolerant when in fact they permit stumbpractitioner essayed to perform a major operation, ling blocks to be placed in the way of their chosen using for a knife a piece of a broken bottle. In representatives. both these cases death was a merciful end to hideous suffering. What does "cultural unity" "We white people have nothing to give you Inmean in the face of such preventable "tragedies? dians," the Navajos were informed at a council held last summer. Missionaries and employees An ancient tradition among the Navajos looks heard this from the lips of a man sworn to carry favorably upon the presence of vermin in the hair on the government's work among the Indian and upon the body. Many of the tribes have never tribes: "Our culture is a disintegrating thing. known what it is to be without body parasites. It Yours is an integrated culture. You must do your is difficult for those raised in our more modern best to preserve it." civilized ways to realize the religious and cultural significance of these small creatures. Even yet, Fine-sounding words: but what do they mean?

after two years of pronouncements on ancient In the final analysis, this-that both government rites and folkways, the average nurse or teacher and missionaries should cease their efforts to is apt to feel an aversion to them. After a pupil bring about any improvement in Indian life and or patient has been visited by members of his fam- thought. No longer should we impose upon the ily, there are often discovered tiny crawling in- Red Man our decadent notions of education and truders carefully placed by the visitors upon a sanitation and social values. We should retire and child's hair or clothing. Real toleration and a leave his integrated culture undisturbed.

properly "appreciative attitude" would· perhaps If the members of the Christian Church believe let such vermin remain; but this is broadminded- such a statement, all missionary activity should ness which few real friends of the Indians have as stop at once.- But if they hold the conviction that yet been able to attain. Christ has something of value to offer the Ameri- This conflict between modern cleanliness and can Indian, they should continue to make the offer; ancient "culture" is typical of the whole illogical, and should back up by word and deed and earnest unintelligent attitude which has prevailed in the devotion the work which is being done to bring Indian Office in the past two years. If the white the Indian into the fellowship of the faith and the man has nothing in education, sanitation or spirit- ways of Christian civilization.

Something New in

By CHARLES T. RIGGS, Istanbul Missionary of the American Board ST. SOPHIA changed into a museum! The be made for a limited time by the Grand National wonderful airy dome of this gem of Byzan- Assembly, allowing such garb for one representa· tine art, the church erected by Anthemius tive of each religious body. In a place where the and dedicated by the Emperor Justinian fourteen long flowing robes and peculiar headdress of each centuries ago, will no longer echo to the prayers one of a dozen or more different sects or faiths of the faithful of Islam. After nine hundred years have always been noticeable, such a law is drastic as a Christian church, and five hundred more as and causes much discussion and speculation. Will a Moslem mosque, the massive building is now the Roman Catholic orders acquiesce, and French closed to all visitors, to be reopened after exten- and Italian priests and nuns doff their garb? Or sive alterations, as a museum of Byzantine art, will they decide to leave the country rather than under the secular government of the Republic of submit? With most orders of nuns, the pure Turkey. Thus have the present rulers solved a white butterfly-winged hats are a part of their problem that has been for ages a source of trouble consecration vows; how can they abandon them? between Greeks and Turks. The Syrian Archbishop has already appeared in the streets in civilian garb; and the Gregorian One essential item on the Megali idea, or grand and Orthodox clergy will apparently offer no replan of the Greeks, was that when the city was sistance. For Evangelical Christian bodies, the again brought under the Greek flag,' the services new regulation makes no difference. in Agia Sophia, the Church of Holy Wisdom, in- terrupted on that fateful day in 1453 by the in- What is the purpose of this new ordinance?

rushing hordes of Moslems, when the officiating The Government gives no explanation, save that priest fled through the secret door, shall be re- it is determined to abolish all distinctions tending stored and resumed. The initiated believe that to establish a religious hierarchy. The fact that the priest will again come out of that same door· the new law affects many times as many Moslem to conduct the worship. The Turks for many clerics as all the others put together, seems an years excluded all Greeks from the mosque and indication that the step is rather for the purpose declared that it should be blown to atoms rather of striking another blow at the reactionary, ultra- than surrendered under any circumstances. But conservative Moslem element, than (as has also many will regret that the famous Night of Power, been suggested) to lessen the prestige of the Ital- the night of the twenty-seventh of Ramazan, with ian and French Catholics. When one considers its awesome mass of ten thousand worshipers go- the former domination of the Ottoman State by ing through the Moslem prayers together, will not the Moslem clergy, one is the more ready to con- again be repeated in this place. done such drastic measures. When an Evangelical In this transformation is there any resemblance clergyman was recently interviewed by some reto that of the Church of St. Michael in Moscow porters on Turkish dailies, as to the feeling of changed by the Soviet Government into a mu- Protestants toward this new regulation, they were seum? There is another change which, like this, surprised to learn that the Gospel gave no direcis attributed by some to the growing influence of tions whatever as to any distinctive dress for the the Soviet Government in Angora. A significant clergy, and were pleased to be assured that Protfact is that Comrade Karahan, who has recently estants as such had no peculiar religious garb. been sent there as Russian ambassador, is an When they asked the clergyman what were his Armenian. With grim sadness the remnant of own individual feelings about such a regulation, Armenians left in Turkey witness the predom- he replied: inating influence of an Armenian over Turkish "I am an American; and in my country any policies. This second change, rightly or wrongly clergyman can wear whatever he pleases, in the attributed to Soviet influence, is the ordinance street or anywhere else; there is absolutely no forbidding the use, by any cleric-Moslem, Jew, compulsion, everyone is perfectly free as to what or Christian-of any distinctive clerical garb out· he may wear. I only wish there were this same side of places of worship. A single exception may freedom from compulsion in every country."

[401 ]

Their reply was significant: "This present rule instrumental minor of western music, gives a preis one step for us in that direction." God grant vailingly melancholic effect; and the peculiar high that with complete freedom from ecclesiastical quavers form an art by itself. But henceforth domination and from all fear of it, may come also Western music is to be the standard; and in order complete freedom to preach and teach the Chris- to be acceptable, Turkish tunes must now be set to tian faith! harmony. No longer will the inje saz orchestras be heard; and for a while Turkish popular music Another extensive change of these days in Tur- is greatly hampered. The reason for the change, key is in the adoption of purely Turkish family as given in some newspapers-that this sort of names in place of the ancient system of "Ali, son music was inevitably associated with drinking and of Mehmet," and "Suleyman, son of Bayram." carousing, which must stop – is specious. The The law has now been promulgated that everyone true reason seems to be that those in authority beshall have a family name, which must be Turkish, lieved that Europeans were jeering at Turkish and not Arabic or Persian or other nationality. music as unmusical, and that therefore Turkey Thus the President, Mutafa Kemal, has become should conform to recognized Western standards, Kemal Atatiirk; the Prime Minister Ismet Pasha, to prove her high civilization. has become General Ismet Inonii; the Minister for Foreign Affairs, Tewfik Riishtii Bey, has adopted In the midst of all these Ghanges, woman seems the name Tewfik Riishtii Aras; the Turkish Min- to be coming into her own far more rapidly than ister to Rumania, Hamdullah Suphi Bey, is now in other lands. During last December a law was Suphi Tanriover. This is sufficiently confusing; passed, giving her not only the right to vote in but coupled with this has come the more surpris- national elections, but also the right to candidacy ing regulation abolishing all titles heretofore used. for the Grand National Assembly; and in the com- Not only have they discarded such titles as Pasha, ing elections for members of this parliament, we Hodja, Hadji, etc., but even the lowly Bey and shall probably see many women voting, and per- Efendi, which were no more than the equivalent haps a few elected to seats. One thing is certain, of mister; and Hanum, which was applied to all in general education women have made wonderwomen, old or young, married or unmarried. Such ful strides in these past ten years, so that perhaps titles, according to Turkish custom, were placed they are as well prepared to be electors as the after the name. Now, they are all dropped and average of the men. ancient Turkish words for Mr. and Mrs. (or Miss) – Bay and Bayan – are being adopted. The revolutionary-evolutionary process also in- These, moreover, are to be placed before and not cludes progressive steps in the development of the after the name. The military titles of Mushir and Turkish language. Further spelling reforms are Pasha must also now be replaced by Marshal and being introduced, which are real improvements General. So that Ismet Pasha becomes General over the system as first adopted six years ago. Ismet Inonii; and Halide Hanum becomes Bayan A commission is at work discovering and listing Halide, while Ali Efendi is Bay Ali. For a time for adoption hundreds of old Turkish words in this may lead to confusion; but in the end it will place of foreign words thus far in common use mean a great simplification. Some may like to see for very common things. Even highly educated in this a further indication of Russian influence Turks find this sudden bringing back into use of -like the universal adoption of "Comrade" and terms long rare and provincial, or even obsolete the abolition of titles of nobility. for centuries, most confusing. In their eagerness for a pure Turkish, these scholars are far more But perhaps the new ordinance that has caused anxious to get rid of Persian and Arabic terms the deepest sorrow to the heart fond of the ancient than of French or German ones; and the ordinary traditions and customs of the Turk, is the sweep- newspaper today, while it is very particular to ing abolition of traditionally Turkish music or avoid certain words of the former type, will have dozens of European words in every column. music ala Turque. On pipe and lute, the familiar In this connection it is providential that the new airs in a peculiar minor key which have held many translation of the Bible into modern Turkish, now in progress and of which certain parts have been a coffeehouse group spellbound, and have formed issued in tentative form, will take some years yet part of the entertainment at countless firesides, before it is ready for print; for by that time we are now forbidden to be played over the radio, or may hope ttl see a bit more of stability in the ,voto be used at any public gathering. This does not cabulary and spelling of Turkish words. Every effort will be made to keep up to the minute with for the present ban them in private homes; but it official changes, which have a distinct influence on puts the stamp of official disapproval on this brand the Turkish attitude toward all foreign ideas and of music. Typical Turkish music knows no four- customs, and a bearing on Christian missionary parts, or harmony of the European sort. Its work.

rhythm-often alternating measures of four and five beats-is weird; its minor key, resembling the

Turkey's Predicament*

-~I~=======B=Y=D=R=.=C=H=A=RL==E=S=C=.=M=O==Rru==S=O=N======~1I~ T HE government of Turkey is in form a re- Ataturk is unqualified. His support does not rest public; in reality it is a dictatorship. Its on force, though of course force is in the back- undisputed head is Mustafa Kemal Ataturk, ground; but the people's mood is spontaneous and the president of the republic. There is a parlia- genuine. They are grateful to him for saving the ment of one chamber, called the Grand National country from Greek domination and the domina- Assembly, which debates and passes laws, but it tion of the great powers. They recognize in him is strictly under the dictator's control. Its mem- a military genius and trust his devotion to the na- bership is determined by him through the one- tion's well-being. They support the reforms he party system which insures that the candidates has already instituted-even the abolishing of the selected by the party chiefs and approved by the fez caused a minimum of murmuring. If he does dictator will be elected. The members are allowed not become too ruthless in his collision with to debate certain measures upon which the gov- Islamic habits and institutions, the people will ernment is neutral, and to vote freely upon such tolerate his reforms and follow him. There is no measures, but measures considered vital by the clamor for a more real democracy. Sympathetic government are not debated, and there is no di- outsiders see a dictatorship in some form as in- vision in the voting. evitable for Turkey, and they would rather have Ankara, the capital, is a new city, in many Ataturk than a sultan or a Stalin.

respects, like far western American cities. The Assuming that the new regime is successful and government has established here a score of insti- attains its objective, what sort of society will it tutions for training a new generation of leaders produce-a communistic or a capitalistic society, in every type of economic and cultural need-agri- or something else? There is in the dictator's culture, industry, pedagogy, music, liberal arts, regime a minimum of economic dogma. The lead- various sciences, plant pathology, business admin- ers hold no brief for capitalism, though so far istration, accounting, stenography, and others. there has been no mortal wound inflicted upon it.

Thousands of students are drawn to Ankara from On the other hand, they are not afraid of doing every part of the nation and given free instruc- things which are characteristically communistic tion and free board and dormitory. Such students (or socialistic). The railroads and the banks are are under oontract to go, at the end of their train- owned (or controlled) and run by the government.

ing period, wherever they may be sent, with sup- The government is doing practically all the in- port but without salary, for a period of five years, dustrial developing that is being done. The lead- to teach locally the things in which they have been ers deny that this is socialism. It is looked upon trained at the government's expense. Thus the as necessity; it is common sense! If there is to government hopes to "rationalize" the economic be any industrial development in Turkey, the gov- life of Turkey and to quicken its cultural aspira- ernment must mother it and operate it, for the tions. The Minister of Foreign Affairs, Dr. Tevfik very good reason that no one else can!

Riishtii Aras, is also president of the assembly of Turkey is poor. From the background of the the League of Nations. United States or Germany or even Italy, it is un- Americans and other foreigners, missionaries believably poor. It is predominantly agricultural and foreign business men, the Turks themselves, and even its agriculture is deflated. There is no officials, highly responsible citizens, and the man industry, in the modern sense. There are, in rough in the street, all tell essentially the same story as figures, 7,000 "industrial workers" in Turkey; there are 4,000 "factories." This means that the to matters of fact. so-called "factories" are for the most part one- man shops, most of them in the homes. It will be There is little criticism of the form of govern- clear, therefore, that the economic problem which ment. For the present stage of Turkey's develop- Turkey faces in bringing herself abreast of modment, it seems that no better form of government ern nations is tremendous. This lack of industrial could be devised. The popularity of President • Condensed from The Christian Century, June 19, 1935. development in Turkey greatly simplifies the eco- [403 ]

nomic problem on its theoretical side. There is market, a dumping ground for European manuonly one thing to be done – put the collective factured goods. She paid for these goods by her wealth of the people-that is the government- agricultural products, by the marvelous treasures behind a program for the creation of industry. of art which had been accumulated through the While you are doing this very socialistic thing, centuries of her own imperial prosperity, by her you can pass laws, and vigorously enforce them, woven things like rugs and tapestries into whose prohibiting socialistic or communistic propa- creation millions of hours of human toil was put ganda; you can do this without inconsistency be- at the most cruel of starvation wages, and by the cause the propaganda of any kind of economic piling up of a vast pyramid of debt to other nadogma only tends to clutter the necessitarian tions which only put her the more helplessly at the policy of the government. mercy of the vultures. Thus Turkey's impoverish- ment was made complete. Mustafa Kemal's prob- There is but little radical agitation and little lem was to turn a mere market, a dumping ground, likelihood of it, or of its opposite. The govern- into a self-respecting and self-supporting econment's assumption of the industrial burden is not omy. He and his regime are working at the probopposed by industrialists, for there are none; nor lem with true patriotism. by "labor," for there is none! That is to say, the Kemalist government can use its common sense in LAWRENCE OF AFRICA* developing industry, and will meet with no resistance such as is met in America or in any coun- Everyone has heard of "Lawrence of Arabia" try where industry has become a vested private (whose death has saddened the British Empire), interest and labor has become class conscious and but there is a Lawrence of Africa whose advenorganized. This simplifies the problem for the tures have been equally thrilling. Dr. William T. Kemalist regime. Lawrence has spent thirty-four years in the East Africa Mission of the American Board and speaks But it is easier tl} introduce collectivism in a with a smile of the hazards of living where lions society that has no machine industry, and it is and leopards lurk in the grass; where cobras pay more difficult to make that collective industry a social calls and where swarms of red locusts, four practical success. Machinery has to be procured inches long, sometimes take half a day to pass a from other countries. Materials for the construc- given spot, and break off branches of trees when tion of plants must also be imported, as well as they settle down on them. many raw materials for the manufacturing of commodities. How will you procure. this ma- Better roads have meant the difference between chinery and these materials? You can buy them. life and death to the kindly dispositioned Ndaus Yes, and how will you pay for them? Only by of this country. When Dr. Lawrence first went the export of your own agricultural products. But to Africa he traveled on foot, then on horseback, other countries, with a few exceptions, are not in on bicycle, motorcycle and now by auto. great need of your agricultural products – they have their own. Not only so, but in order to pro- We who live where a ring on the 'phone brings tect their own agriculture against competition, a doctor quickly, and where an ambulance rushes they have erected high tariff walls to keep yours a sufferer to a well-equipped hospital, cannot conout. And so your industrial program, backed by ceive the plight of thousands in Africa. For exthe unqualified collective good will of the nation, ample, a mother with a baby on her back, trying cannot even get started. to carry home a bag of grain, slips down a wet bank and breaks her thigh. What can she do but This is Turkey's predicament. Here success lie in agony? largely depends upon securing some degree of cooperation from other nations. She has effected Lions and leopards are particularly dangerous, certain trading arrangements with Germany and often roaring around the spring that supplies a Russia, but these, while better than nothing, are village with water, so that no one dare approach. all onesidedly unfavorable to Turkey and are quite Once they have tasted human blood these animals insufficient for the realization of her industrial are for all time "man eaters." The deadliest repaspirations. Responsible men whenever they ap- tile is the cobra, but another is the puff adder. proach the question of trade relations with 'other The amambla attacks without warning and death countries, see that their whole program depends ensues if tts poison reaches the blood stream. upon overcoming the economic isolation of Turkey. Dr. Lawrence not only has a hospital under his Kemal had on his hands a Turkey which was, care, but the health supervision of more than 400 economically, at least one hundred years behind boys and girls in mission schools; the training of the rest of Europe. Other countries had some natives in first aid and frequent trips through degree of industrial development; Turkey had jungles to outstation schools. none. Turkey had been a market, nothing but a * C'ondellseil from The Mi$$ionary H erakl.

Islam's Debt to the

_."'Ii! By SAMUEL M. ZWEMER, Princeton, N. J.

Editor of "The Moslem World"

JEREMIAH the prophet draws a clear distinc- Rome, have written books on the subject, prov- tion between false and true teaching, between ing their thesis by a wealth of new evidence. the revelation of God and the muttering of We notice that the influence of the Bible on self-deceived prophets, comparing them to the Islam began in the very life of its founder and his wheat and the chaff. (Jeremiah xxiii). This sharp family. Mohammed was, in a sense, the illegiti- contrast with the climax, in which he asserts that mate child of the Oriental Church, and Islam is a the Word of God is a fire and a hammer that Christian heresy. Two of Mohammed's wives were breaks the rock in pieces, reminds us of the phrase Christians. His cousin, Waraka, read the Hebrew of Karl Barth, "The Word of God or the word of Scriptures, and Khadijah, his first wife, was per- man." haps a Jewess. It is even held that Mohammed There are many voices on religion, but only one himself could read and write and that he heard Revelation. There have been many prophets, but parts of the Gospel read by Christians. So in only one Saviour. That is the eternal issue. "The many and mysterious ways the truth of God bored grass withereth, the flower fadeth, but the word its way from within.

of God abideth forever." Our New Testament is From the first the Bible, directly and iJildirectly, the supreme textbook of missions. The basis, the has exerted its power and has changed Islam. This aim, the goal, the motives, the triumphs of mis- is true, for example, in Moslem mysticism, which sions are what they are because God has spoken owes so much to early Christian teaching. Then once for all. In the last analysis all the sacred there was the influence of apostates, Christian books of the non-Christian religions are a chal- wives of Mohammedans, and Christian slaves who lenge to the supremacy, the finality, and the suf- embraced Islam. The traditions are in a measure ficiency of God's Word. the table-talk of these people who told what they This is especially true of Islam, for it is the only knew and did not know of the Gospel.

great religion that came after Christianity, and Christ, even though portrayed only in caricature the only one which has supplanted it in some parts in the Koran, cannot be hid. The light that was of the world. When Mohammed was born in under the bushel has burned the bushel! The fire 571 A. D., the New Testament had already ap- smouldered for centuries, then burst into flame.

peared in six translations: Syriac (Peshito) , Therefore today we see the result, and are face to Latin (Vulgate), Gothic, Armenian, Coptic, and face with a new situation, new toleration, and' new Ethiopian versions. Thus there were two versions manifestations of God's Providence in the history for Africa, two for Asia, and two for Europe. But of Islam. One example is the beautiful Mosque of it is the tragedy of the Near East that no version Santa Sophia in Istanbul (Constantinople), which existed in Arabic and that Arabia became the was built in 537 A. D., under Justinian, and for cradle of Islam through this neglect. nine hundred years was a Christian Church. In In the old city of Mecca and in sight of the the fifteenth century it was made a mosque and sacred Kaaba (where three Yemen Arabs recent- the precious mosaics were covered with plaster.

ly attempted to assassinate Ibn Saoud), Moham- Recently this plaster has been removed and the med gave out the Koran which professed to be a building restored to its original condition-not as new revelation from God, supplanting that of a Christian church, it is true, but as a museum.

Jesus Christ our Lord; from that day, down the Yet here the stones cry out to the Moslem visitor, centuries, the Koran has captured the tongues and proclaiming the "Old, Old Story," in symbolism minds and hearts of 250,000,000 people. In the and mosaic art-Jesus Christ, Good Shepherd, the Philippine Islands, under the American flag, there Alpha and Omega and the glory of His Cross and are 557,000 Moslems, and in India 77,800,000. resurrection victory.

Islam arose out of a Christian and Jewish en~ The Koran itself bears clear testimony to the vironment. Present-day scholarship is agreed that Bible. Other sacred books have no reference to the best elements in its dogma and ethics are due the Gospel or to Jesus Christ. But Mohammed to Nestorian Christianity. Professors Bell of Glas- could not escape Him. This is one of the most gow, Tor Andrae of Upsala, and Lammens of remarkable facts in the study of the non-Christian [405 ]

religions. Sir William Muir has collated all of tongue of the common people which men despised, these references and commented on their character he recreated the German language and the Gerand significance. There are 131 passages alto- man nation. When Tyndale and Coverdale gave gether, 65 of the Mecca period and 66 of the the Bible to England, they perpetuated the faith Medina period in the Prophet's life. The Old and of the Bible not only, but made its vocabulary and New Testament are highly spoken of as God's style penetrate and permeate English literature. earlier revelation and as "containing light and Shakespeare, Tennyson, and Browning are exguidance for the pious." amples.

Moslem Tradition About Jesus So when Dr. Cornelius Van Dyck and Eli Smith a century ago ended their "work of faith and labor Add to this fact the influence of the Bible on of love and patience of hope," translating the Bible Mohammedan tradition. There are six great page by page and verse by verse into the Arabic standard works numbering tens of thousands of tongue, they ushered in an era far more important pages. That vast, heterogeneous collection of laws than any dynasty or any change in governments and customs, of folk-lore and story, resembles the in the Moslem world, because they gave to 50,- Jewish Talmud. But in one respect it is very dif- 000,000 Arabic-speakhig folk the Word of God in ferent. Jesus is dishonored in the Talmud and a matchless translation. There is a proverb curwas cast out of the Ghetto. He is crowned and en- rent at Damascus, "Al 'Arabiya la tatanassar" shrined in the pages of the Koran. As Goldziher ("Verily, the Arabic language will never be Chrishas shown, the early Moslems borrowed very tianized") . But they no longer use it. Not only largely from the New Testament to build up the has the Arabic tongue been Christianized in an form and content of their faith. They spoke of excellent Bible translation, but there have been Jesus as a great prophet and miracle-worker. Then modern Christian poets and writers who have they took their colors from a Christian paint-box wielded this language with tremendous powerto portray Mohammed-his character, his sayings, Dr. Andrew Watson and Dr. Hogg, in Egypt; his ethics. Al Ghazali, the great theologian of the Dr. Jessup, Dr. Post, and Nasif-al-Yazigi, in eleventh century, is an example in his frequent Syria; Gairdner and Upson and Ibrahim Saeed, references to Jesus' teaching. Again and again he in Cairo; Dr. George Ford, of Sidon; and Miss says, "I have read in the Gospel."* Trotter, of Algiers. The Christian literature of the Cairo and the Beirut press finds its taproot in Now remember that for thirteen centuries these the Scriptures, and has gone to all parts of the pictures and stories of Jesus and about Jesus have Moslem world. circulated in the world of Islam. It is as if an advertising firm had circulated cheap and gaudy New Testament Influence prints of the Sistine Madonna, not at all a true representa.tion, but still calling attention to the Take another example. On the cover of an great original. In fact, the Koran references have led many toward Christ. Professor Mohammed Albanian translation of the Koran there is a re- Ismail, of Lahore, once told me of three things in the Koran which led him to Christ: the fact that production of an old German picture of Christ and all men are sinners; that Jesus Christ as pictured in the Koran is sinless; and that those who want the two disciples on their way to Emmaus. But to learn more about Jesus must read the Injil, the Gospel. the title reads: "Mohammed, Abu Bakr and Ali on Again the Bible in present-day literature and Their Way to Mecca"! So even Christian art is the press is more influential than ever before. It has been translated into all the languages of Islam being adopted by Moslems! and circulated everywhere. It is the hammer of God, more powerful than that of Charles Martel The leading Turkish novelist, Yakoob Qadri, on the battlefield of Tours. Missionaries were the first to capture the magnificent vehicle of the states that he owes his style to the Bible, and he is Arabic tongue for Christ, as Mohammed once used it to proclaim his religion. When Ulfilas, the great criticized in the press for using a Christian vomedieval missionary, came to Northern Europe he put the Bible into the language of the people, and cabulary. The leading Moslem poet of Egypt, the appropriated the Gothic tongue for Jesus Christ. When Martin Luther made the Scriptures use the late Shauket Bey, found much of the motif for • AI! the passages are given in full In chapter Ix of Zwemer's his national poetry in the New Testament. The A Moslem Seeker After God. Revell & Co. 1920. daily press of Cairo affords many other interest- ing examples. .

Sirdar Iqbal Ali Shah in his book, published in 1933, called Lights of Asia, writes of the precious blood of Christ in the words of a fundamentaHst: Whatever modernists may think about the Blood, God esteems it very precious. Saith the Word: "The blood is the life" (Deut. 12: 23). "Without shedding of blood is no remission" (Heb. 9: 22). "It is the Blood that maketh atonement for the soul" (Lev. 17: 11). God commendeth Hif; love to us, in that while we were yet sinners, Christ died for us.

WHAT YOUNG TURKS THINK OF MOHAMMED

And this from the pen of an Afghan Moslem prison. What a book is the Word of God! It abideducated in England! eth forever. It is God's spiritual dynamite in the hands of converts in India and Persia and North Think of the ever~increasing circulation of the Africa. Century follows century; the Bible re- Scriptures in Persia, Arabia, Moslem India, and mains the same. Empires rise and fall and are Egypt! Holy places which less than twenty years forgotten; it abides. Dynasty succeeds dynasty; ago could be visited only in stealth by Christian it rules hearts. Kings are crowned and unworkers now receive the Word openly-among crowned; it remains the same. Its enemies dethem Kerbela, Nejf, Qum, Riadh, Hail, and even cree its extermination; but it lives on. Taif, the neighboring city of Mecca. It is a seed that takes root and bears fruit in "So is the kingdom of God as if a man should every soil; an anvil that has broken a million cast seed into the ground," said our Master . . . hammers; a light that shines on "till the sun and then it brings forth "automatically." This grows old anq the stars are cold, and the leaves of Greek word is also used of the iron doors that the Judgment Book unfold." swung back when Peter was released from his What Young Turks Think of Mohammed* An Open Letter to Mohammed -"I By ERNST MAX HOPPE, Sofia, Bulgaria 1j;t- ~==========================~ "Well then, do you ever teach yourself, you teacher of religion is spiritual, a faith, a conviction. What! should other people ? You preach against stealing; do you steal? the faith or the conviction of a Moslem, or a faithful one You forbid adultery; do you commit adultery? You de- be in danger? It is not possible to take away the faith of test idols; do you rob temples? You pride yourself on another. the Law; do you dishonor God by your breaches of the Law? Why, it is owing to you that the name of God is Yes, something is in danger; but it is not religion. maligned among the Gentiles, as Scripture says! Circum- It is the interests of those who, under the name of Dercision is certainly of use, provided you keep the Law; but vishes and Hodjas, exploit the masses that are in danger, if you are a breaker of the Law, then your circumcision is and that in the name of Allah. It is these interests that turned into uncircumcision." Romans 2: 21-25 (Moffat's are in danger. Islam does not consider prayer as intranslation) . trinsically necessary where there is no water, nor is a mosque necessary for worship. Actually no true Moslem Jesus said: "Come to me, aU who are laboring and needs this disgusting class of intermediaries between God burdened, and I will refresh you." Matthew 11 : 28 (Mof- and men. The more the land progresses, the more does fatt's translation). this class lose its means of livelihood, for its religion con- sists only in material profit. CONCERNING Mohammed – his life, his times, his mission, his wars, his ostensible In late years there has been no lack of Turkish miracles and acts-many books have been voices that betray a search after a new religion written in the occident. The thing which has been and that rebel against Islam. Among them the interesting me more and more, while living in the following "Open Letter to Mohammed" is worthy Orient, was to investigate the present-day opin- of notice. The letter is a cry of the awakened ions concerning Mohammed and his teachings, young Turkish generation in these modern times. that engage the Moslem nations and peoples them- It appeared in the Stambul periodical Gendsh Diisselves, who formerly played an important part as hiindshiiler (Thoughts of the Young) and was pioneers in the spread of the Mohammedan faith. printed in three issues of the paper. I am quot- ing it unabridged in translation, as follows: The Turkish paper Aksham, in. Stambul, once published the following item about Islam in Open Letter to the Prophet Mohammed Turkey: o Apostle! In Turkish history the cry, "Religion is in dangerl" is well known. Ever and again, whenever this country has Thou must tell us the reasons why these decrees of the taken a further step toward civilization, this cry, "Religion Hodjas and MoUas (the religious leaders and teachers of (Islam) is in dangerl" has been heard. Islam) are so entirely unknown, although they have had an important influence for centuries upon the destinies Religion, as all people know, is not anything material, and the politics of the nation. which one can see or touch. Like all other hallowed things, Thou hast forbidden the worship of images and hast • Article translated by Dr. C. Theodore Benze, Philadelphia. even betrayed the worshipers of idols and images. But

notwithstanding, thy representatives have worshiped only within you, that I too belong to that class of dark scounthe external forms of thy work and have desecrated them drels, who use this world to build up the future world, for more than thirteen hundred years. Is it not an for I know very well, that unless an earthquake will shake abominable setting-up of idols, to kiss the pages of the that old building-a pile of stones and earth-whose sole Koran, to go into the wilderness of Arabia, to imperil value consists in its antiquity-it will not tremble. one's life there, to offer up money, in order to visit the four sid~ of the holy shrine (the Kaaba at Mecca) and o Apostle! to conceal one's hypocrisy under the cover of a pilgrimage? How can we deny this? Because thy softas, who forbid The Kaaba did not tremble when foreign unbelievers such a beautiful art as pictures and music, as being contrary to thy holy law, defend sheer idolatry. tried in their drunkenness to tread down thy building with If thou hadst had such a powerful spirituality distrib- their polished shoes. Why did not the heavens burst under uted over all the world, as thou hast a philosophy and ideas, thou wouldst surely not approve these things with these desecrations? Thy lazy softas always explained, a seeming approval. "No unbeliever may enter the Kaaba, the holy temple in Further yet! Does not thy silence express a clear approval? Let not thy silence be abused here, 0 Apostle of Mecca. Upon such desecration the suns will fall from God. Let it not be abused, because under the mysterious protection of thy holy law, the softas (perhaps holy for heaven in fiery masses and destroy the earth with fire." thee, but for us only disgusting cowardly rascals) commit hundreds and thousands of crimes and hypocrisies. Never- And yet the boots of the unbelievers trod the temple at theless they ascribe all their acts to thee and thy holy law. Mecca and committed all kinds of abominations under its o Mohammed, holy law-giver, is not in this case thy shadow. But nothing fell from heaven and nowhere did silence an approval? the earth quake. . o Apostle! With thy permission I will tell thee something and in- Did not the Kalifs, thy so-called rep.resentatives, and the form thee of a fact that will really make thee tremble. softas and the sheik-ul-islam, who worked in thy name, Thy softas with their great turbans, waving garments commit for centuries, following thy example, those abom- and fat necks, raised their heads and uttered prayers that inations of the harem, for which the whole civilized world thy sanctuaries and theirs should be trampled down. They and all humanity was aroused? All those corruptions and prayed to Allah for the slavery of Islam. Why? Because heinous deeds, which merely to name is a disgrace to the the unbelievers brought money. Is not gold a religion, human name and civilization, and which are hearths of the creed and the faith of them all? infection in a large community, thy hodjas call "Punna" (i. e., holy practices), enjoined by thee. More yet! The o Apostle! Kalifs and Softas, who for so many centuries could secure the perpetuation of their pleasures and their rascality, by How shall I make it known that even thy enemies are depriving these orphans of martyrdom of the last they ashamed because of the spiritual downfall of thy reprehave, call this thing "thy holy punna"! sentatives. But thy softas are never ashamed for this! Does thou see it now, 0 Apostle of God? o Apostle! Thou who sawest no wrong in adding several captured women to thy harem after thy warlike expeditions, thou Suppose we draw a dark curtain over all this and see hast approved of the abominations of these hodjas, softas it no more. We have already drawn a curtain and see and kalifs. And thou hast even made them legal by the nothing more of the abominations of thy softas, nor hear marriage rite. their sermons. Weare only suffering from the wounds of the past. Since thou hast been example and pattern for them, thou hast taught as a holy custom the marriage of I know not But what wilt thou do? Thou who hast always promhow many women with men, who did not even have the ised righteousness, uprightness, prosperity and happiness ability to earn their daily bread. Thou hast taught that by thy religion and thy laws! these things are meritorious actions in the sight of God and so thou hast been the cause of thousands, yea millions What wilt thou do, since that which the unbelieving of family tragedies. Thou didst cause that millions of could not do, in spite of their endeavors, in order to exchildren roamed abandoned in the streets and became terminate thy people during the last thirteen centuries, criminals, swindlers and voluptuaries. thy softas and sheiks have succeeded in doing, namely dragging down this poor Turkish nation into that deep Did not thy temple in Mecca tremble when thy soul did whirlpool, only because it adhered to thy religion! Benot do so? But do not let my words awake the thought cause hodjas and softas held the fort from within. The evil that the unbelievers were unable to accomplish, they did with pomp and delight.

And thou stoodest there as an unconcerned spectator and gavest approval to all the evil deeds and wickedness of these men! So many years, yea centuries did we wait for the promised Redeemer! We waited for Gog and Magog! No deliverer appeared. We even prayed for the deceiver to come; but alas! he too did not come to help us!

KUMANDAN OGLU KASIM TEVFIK.

This eighth chapter of Paul's "Letter to the Romans" gives us some conception of God's dealing with His children. The Spirit takes the little child of God, and leads him to the Fa- ther; then, as he approaches, and is a little timid, the Spirit of God whispers to him, just like. a mother: "Now, do not be afraid, remember that He is your Father" witnessing with our spirit that we are the children of God, and teaching us to say, "Abba, Father." Then as we approach God, and try to put before Him our requests, and do not exactly know how, the Spirit takes up the inperfect prayer and says, "Father, this is what the child really wants." Thus He interprets our desires in his own dialect in the Father's ears. ARTHUR T. PIERSON.

Is a Faith Mission?*

By REV. ROBERT HALL GROVER, M.D., D.D., Philadelphia Home Director of the China Inland Mission THE name "Faith Mission" was not chosen or undertaking for the evangelization of inland assumed by Missions which have come to be China. Thus was born-by the Spirit of God, but so designated. Rather was it given them by through the travail of the soul of His servant-the others on account of their distinctive policy and China Inland Mission.

practice regarding financial support. Nothing is But how was such a new enterprise to be sup- more remote from the mind of such Missions than ported? Every Board already carrying on mis- that they have any monopoly upon faith, or that sion work depended for its support upon the they necessarily exhibit any greater faith than churches of its own denomination. Mr. Taylor Missions of a different order. Keenly conscious was quite unwilling that a single shilling should oftentimes of the lack or frailty of their own faith, be diverted from these existing missionary chan- they take humbly the position of looking to God nels. More than this, he felt the importance of alone for the financial needs of their Christ-ap- safeguarding his new undertaking from any just pointed tasks. criticism on this ground. Accordingly he cove- The oldest Mission of this type today, and still nanted with God that he would solicit nothing much the largest in the number of its workers from man, whether publicly or privately, but and the extent of its work, is the China Inland would tell the needs of the new work only to the Mission. Begun in 1865, this Mission is just Lord in prayer and look to Him alone for its about to celebrate its Seventieth Anniversary. support.

Brought into being unquestionably by God, its In this spirit of implicit faith he walked into a human founder was Hudson Taylor, whose name London bank, and with ten pounds (fifty dollars) has become well-known throughout the Christian -all the money he possessed-opened an account world. . . . He had spent seven years in China, in the hitherto unheard-of name of the China Inand although he was compelled to return to Eng- land Mission. Fifty dollars to begin the task of land in broken health, the burden of China's un- evangelizing four hundred millions of Chinese on evangelized millions continued to weigh heavily the other side of the globe-what an absurdity! upon his heart. He thought of China by day; he Yet not so, for it was fifty dollars p~us God! And dreamed of it by night. And little wonder, when so wonderfully did God set His seal upon this attiwe stop to think of China's spiritual condition at tude and action of faith on the part of His humble that time! More than half a century since the servant that in the succeeding seventy years, as beginning of Protestant mission work in that the Mission has maintained unaltered its original land, and still there were only fifteen stations in financial policy and practice, approximately $26,- the whole Empire, all of them along the coast, 000,000 have passed through its treasury and been eleven out of eighteen provinces yet unentered and used in its work. Its first party of missionaries, lying in utter spiritual darkness, a mere handful eighteen in number, left England in the sailing of missionaries, and actually only 350 evangelical vessel Lammermuir on May 26, 1866. Such has Chinese Christians among 400,000,000 heathen! been the growth of the Mission through the suc- Mr. Taylor made the rounds of all the Mission ceeding years that its missionary staff now num- Boards in London that had work in China, and bers 1,368. These workers, together with nearly pleaded earnestly with each one to undertake a 4,000 Chinese colleagues, occupy 344 stations and penetration of the interior, but no Board saw its 2,000 outstations, distributed over all but three of way to respond. Finally, on a Sunday morning in China's provinoes and also her vast adjoining de- June, 1865, he fiung himself upon the sands of pendencies to the north and west. Brighton Beach . . . and cried to God in behalf of China. Then it was that God spoke and this It was not long before this new type of misgodly young servant of His received a never-to-be- sionary undertaking for China began to be duplidoubted divine call and commission to begin a new cated in behalf of other needy fields, and thus, one after another, new "inland" enterprises were • Condensed from ReVelation, Philadelphia, April, 1935. launched, such as the Africa Inland Mission, the [409 ]

Inland South America Missionary Union, the one to produce facts to prove the contrary. . . . Sudan Interior Mission, and so on. The list of such societies working in foreign lands has now Evangelistic missionaries, far from being mere grown to twenty or thirty. While these have no propagandists, are the ones in every mission field organic relation to one another, each being a sep- who are living closest to the people, who know arate entity, and while as to their organization their needs and problems most intimately, and and administration, and even their financial meth- who along every practical line are filling the role ods, there are differences in detail, yet in the main of the Good Samaritan toward them. For evi- they are patterned along the same lines and as a dence of this fact one need only point to the China group have come to be spoken of as "Faith Mis- Inland Mission as an illustration, with its 16 hos- sions." For purposes of spiritual fellowship, pitals, 106 dispensaries and 328 schools, its opium prayer and conference over common problems, refuges, leper asylums and orphanages, its spe- and mutual helpfulness in every practicable way, cial work for the blind, the deaf and dumb, the . a number of these societies on this continent are aged and infirm, and the victims of domestic now linked together in a purely fraternal union slavery, as well as the leading and costly part it known as the Interdenominational Foreign Mis- has taken, year after year, in relief work for suf- sion Association of North America. ferers from famine, flood, and pestilence. This is equally true of the other Missions of this class Distinctive Convictions of Faith Missions laboring in other fields. Yet none of these Mis- sions thinks for a moment of apologizing for the 1. As to financial support, they do not solicit fact that all such ministries in behalf of the funds or pursue popular methods of raising physical, temporal and moral welfare of the peo- money, but look to the Lord in faith and prayer ple are ever held subservient and made contribu- for the supply of the means to carryon their work. tory to the primary aim of seeking the salvation They do not go into debt or borrow money. Their of lost souls. . . . workers are not guaranteed fixed stipends, but all unite as a family in trusting God for their tem- We are of the opinion that any Christianity poral needs and accepting what He is pleased to which does not find practical expression in daily send them through the voluntary gifts of His peo- life is not the real article but only a spurious imi- ple. All share alike financially, no distinction be- tation. The Gospel which every evangelical mis- ing made on the ground of age, length of service, sionary preaches is something that prov,es its or position in the work. power by making those who embrace it better men and women, whether as sons and daughters or 2. As to doctrinal position, firm insistence is parents, as workmen or employers, as citizens or laid upon sound evangelical belief. No worker is rulers of the State. Nor do we know of any other accepted or retained who does not unequivocally potent means of lifting society to a higher and hold all the great cardinal truths of the historic purer level, and of making human relationships Christian faith with reference to the Bible, the what they ,ought to be, apart from the winning of person and work of Christ, the lost condition of individuals through this Gospel to a new life in man and his need of spiritual regeneration. These Christ the Saviour. Missions firmly hold that the old Gospel is the only Gospel, and they are absolutely opposed to 4. As to missionary policy, stress is ever laid "modernism" in any degree. by these Missions upon wholly unoccupied fields and unreached areas in fields already entered. 3. As to missionary method, these Missions They believe that the true objective in missions unite in the conviction that the terms of our Lord's is the evangelization of all men, rather than the Great Commission make the preaching of the conversion of anyone favored section or the edu- Gospel the primary and central task of missions cation of anyone preferred class. As set forth for all time. . . . In accord with these instruc- in the account given in Acts fifteen of that first tions, direct and aggressive evangelism was given great missionary conference of the Christian the central place in the missionary program of the Church, convened at Jerusalem, God is in this New Testament Church, and with attendant re- period of time-from Christ's ascension to His sults transcending those of any succeeding gen- Second Coming-"visiting the Gentile nations, to eration. In the face of the disposition today in take out of them a people for His Name." The some missionary circles to disparage and discard true ambition of the missionary today should evangelism in favor of a more popular program of therefore be what Paul's ambition was in his day, social service, higher education, and other things, "to preach the Gospel where Christ was not we boldly assert that the substitution of any other named" (1 Cor. 15: 20), or "in the regions be- policy or program of work has signally failed in yond" (2 Cor. 10: 16), inspired by the hope of achieving anything like equal returns for the reaching the last unevangelized region and tribe energy and money expended. We challenge any- on earth, and winning the last souls to complete

19351 DRAWING ON THE CHIEF TREASURER

the church, or "ecclesia" (called-out company), goodness that this testimony has been given. He which must be made ready for her Lord's return. has condescended to use these most imperfect and It is the consistent aim and endeavor of these unworthy agencies in some measure to carry out Missions ever to be pushing on into new territory His purposes and to show forth His faithfulness and reaching with the Gospel those who have and power. May He be pleased to use what has never had a chance to hear it. The China Inland been written to call forth more prayer both for Mission, for example, has within the last five years these Missions and also for all others that are actually opened and occupied eighty-two new striving to obey the Great Commission by taking centers in China as a part of its Forward Move- the Gospel of salvation to all those for whom the ment. Eight of these new points are in distant Saviour died!

Sinkiang (Chinese Turkestan) and on the borders of Tibet and Mongolia, while others are among the DRAWING ON THE CHIEF TREASURER* primitive hill tribes on the remote frontier of Burma. No less marked and worthy advances Is Christ the chief Treasurer who supplies the (although less familiar to the writer) have been missionary funds? Practically there is a wide made by other pioneer Missions into hitherto neg- difference of opinion upon this point.

lected areas in South and Central America, in "And Prudence sat over against the treasury, Nigeria, Abyssinia, the French Sudan and other watching the expenditures, to see that Faith did parts of Africa, in the Netherland East Indian not overdraw her account," would fairly state the archipelago, and in still other sections of the mis- financial method of many missionary committees.

sionary world. . . . "Faith in t~e work of preaching the Gospel, in- While much more could be written about the so- deed, but in administering the missionary ex- called Faith Missions, enough has perhaps been chequer, sound business principles, if you please."

said to set forth their more distinctive common So we have often heard it, and we do not dispute features. It may be well to add a few words the wisdom of the saying.

about the question of missionary reinforcements But we are conducting the King's business, let in the light of the present grave economic. situa- it be remembered, and in its transactions are no tion. . . . They (the "Faith Missions") have overdrafts of faith ever allowable? May the never concluded that their continuance or advance promises of God never be taken as collateral in need be gauged by prevailing financial conditions. this business? Is the Lord's servant forbidden to If God wants a certain work done, He is surely hypothecate the bonds of the everlasting covenant well able to provide the necessary means, whether as a security for a missionary contract when he little or much, and in times of prevailing plenty has no funds in the bank? The enterprise of misor stringency alike. If the work in hand demands sions is peculiarly the Lord's work and as such reinforcements for its effective advance and com- has guarantors and guarantees back of any that pletion, and offers of service come from those who are human.

give clear evidence, after thorough and prayerful The paradox, "Verum est quia impossibilia," consideration, of being called and fitted of God which Tertullian uttered concerning doctrine, it for such work, then would it not be contradictory is time for us boldly to apply to action, saying, "It to the very principle of faith upon which these is practicable because it is impossible," for, under Missions were founded to decide to decline such the dispensation of the Spirit, our ability is no applicants from fear or misgiving as to whether longer the measure of our responsibility. "The financial supplies will continue sufficient? Rather things which are impossible with men are poshas their policy and procedure been to accept such sible with God," and therefore possible for us who approved new recruits, and to look to the Lord have been united to God through faith. with them in prayer land faith for the provision of the necessary fundi" as a seal of His approval. Since the Hoty Spirit has been given, it is not sufficient for the servant to say to his Master, "I In this way the China Inland Mission during the ;:tm doing as well as I can," for now he is bound six years of depression has sent out over 500 new to do better than he can. Should ~*I;New York workers without curtailing the support of the merchant summon his commercial agent.in Bosexisting work and workers, and has thereby made ton to come to him as quickly as possible, would possible the most marked advance a,nd develop- he be satisfied if that agent were to arrive at the mentof its work in its whole history. Substantial end of a week, footsore and weary from walking reinforcements have also been sent out, and no- the entire distance, with the excuse, "I came as table field advances made, by other Missions of the quickly as I could"? With swift steamer or railsame group. It is with a spirit deeply humbled by an over- way express at his disposal, would he not be bound whelming sense of the Lord's exceeding grace and • From The Alliance Weekly.

to come more quickly than he could? And so, condition for attempting great things for God, with the power of Christ as our resource, and His we shall be disappointed; for that is not believing riches in glory as our endowment, we are called but bargaining. "Said I not unto thee, that, if upon to undertake what of ourselves we have thou wouldest believe, thou shouldest see the glory neither the strength nor the funds to accomplish. of God?" (Jno. 11: 40) . Shall we reverse this order, and believe only according as we have seen We have watched with the deepest interest an that glory? If so, He will give us little credit for experiment of enlargement which has come under our faith. Most significantly is it written: "Many our observation. A missionary treasury, taxed believed on his name because they saw the mirto the utmost for years to meet the demands upon acles which he did; but Jesus did not believe in it, was assessed at one stroke an extra fifty thou- them" (Jno. 2: 23, see Greek). sand dollars annually for a new work which God seemed to enjoin. Seven years passed since the I am more and more persuaded that the greatundertaking, and yet the treasury kept just as est things are possible if only we have His power full through all this period, notwithstanding the resting upon us. I have seen such a demonstraextra draft, as during the seven years previous. tion in my church when we met morning after Certainly this outcome does not seem like a di· morning in the early year, simply to pray for the vine admonition not to do so again, but rather like power of the Holy Spirit. We were looking for a a loud invitation to repeat the experiment upon revival. When I made a plea for foreign misthe first new call. When the bugle is sounding sions, I astonished my conservative brethren by for an advance along the entire line, we do well asking ten thousand dollars for our contribution. to mark the significance of such experiments. Only a few wealthy men among us, and they were Our Lord does not say, "Be it unto you according not likely to give largely. But when the offering to your funds," but "Be it unto you according to was gathered, twenty thousand dollars came; noyour faith." If He sees that we trust Him for body was personally asked; no solicitations were large missionary undertakings, He will trust us made. It was simply a great impulse of the Spirit. with large missionary remittances. If, on the contrary, we demand great things of God as a A. J. GORDON.

Seventy Years ofthe China Inland Mission* -ail By MARSHALL BROOMHALL, M.A., London, England / THE history of the China Inland Mission has Hudson Taylor has told us how an aged min- proved that to trust God for the supply of ister of the Gospel prophesied failure both to him temporal things is more than a pious idea. and to the Mission, when the Lammermuir party "How shall Jacob stand? for he is small," cried sailed. "You are making a great mistake in going the prophet Amos of old. And some such cry to China with no organization behind you," this might well have been uttered seventy years ago well-wisher said. "We live in a busy world, and when Hudson Taylor founded the China Inland you will all be forgotten, and the Mission won't Mission. The crisis at Brighton in June, 1865, live seven years." "That," wrote Hudson Taylor and the opening of a bank account in London two some years later, "was the prophecy of this good days later, in the name of the new Mission and man-and a wise one, too. But he was mistaken." with the small sum of £10, are well known. But as we look back over the seventy years, imagina- It is a good thing to remember that the Mission tion endeavors to recapture the human feelings of was not always a large and well-known organizaweakness associated with such a venture as Hud- tion, and th.at God answered prayer seventy years son Taylor then undertook. What prospect was ago in the day of small things as well as today; there that a new organization, founded by an un- But one word of warning is necessary. While God known man, for work in a distant and little known led the children of Israel through the Red Sea, the country, could stand and prosper? Egyptians, when they essayed to imitate them, were drowned. Even prayer must be God-guided, • Condensed from The Ohristian, London, May 9, 1935. not merely inspired by the spirit of imitation.

SEVENTY YEARS OF THE CHINA INLAND MISSION

The China Inland Mission today, though a large of China have been opened to the Gospel, but and now well-known organization, has no other what a history of prayer, of patience, of hardground or foundation upon which to build than ships endured, of mercies granted, and needs supthat which Hudson Taylor enjoyed. It has no plied lies behind that brief statement. other confidence; and the very magnitude of its work, as compared with seventy years ago, makes There are 345 central mission stations, and yet it more, rather than less, dependent upon God. the full story of almost anyone of them would fill The present Master of Balliol has truly said that a small volume. For twenty-five years unceasing "structures and systems are always asking us to prayer and persistent efforts were made to secure worship them, to forget the spirit that informed a footing in the hostile province of Hunan, before them, and to settle down for good in the per- entry was obtained. One 'man, Adam Dorward, manent camp. When that happens, when man's actually traveled in that province for eight years spirit worships its own creation, then structures without having a place which he could call his and systems become idols." The China Inland own, where he could lay his head. He died not Mission is nothing except what God has made it, having obtained a footing. Somewhat similar in answer to the prayers and faith of God's peo- stories could be told of most of the other provinces. ple. And it will only continue as that spirit prevails. Unless the Lord Himself had built the Mis- Times have changed but the difficulties and sion, Hudson Taylor had labored in vain. And trials cannot be said to have decreased greatly unless the Lord today keeps the Mission, its watch- with the passing years. Opposition has only asmen will be vigilant in vain. sumed a new form. In the early years outbursts of violence and local riots were a common experi- Changes in Seventy Years ence. These culminated in the terrible Boxer per- secutions, when nearly two hundred foreigners, The world of today has altered out of all recog- including children, lost their lives, as well as an nition since 1865. Then the Suez Canal had not unknown number of Chinese Christians. Of late been cut, and there was no cable to China. Then a new menace has raised its head, partly as the voyage to the Far East had to be made by sailing outcome of prolonged civil strife, and partly as the ships around the Cape of Good Hope, and it took fruit of communistic propaganda. It has become the best part of a year to obtain a reply by letter a far-too-common experience now for missionaries from one country to the other. Today the journey to be taken captive, and sometimes to be slain. can be made, via Siberia, in about a fortnight, Opposition to Christianity has become more subtle, and, by air, letters can travel even more quickly. more organized, and more ably directed. The News of the recent earthquake in Formosa was local riot has been exchanged for systematic antireported by wireless in England within an hour of Christian methods and bitter hostility. The natthe disaster! Such things would have seemed in- ural anti-foreign bias of the Chinese mind has credible to members of the Lammermuir party. proved a fruitful soil for the false reports of a militant communism, with its godless spirit. It is When the China Inland Mission was founded, therefore the simple truth to say that there has the greater part of China was unevangelized, and, been a life-and-death struggle for the soul of indeed, the interior of that great country in theory China during the last twelve or thirteen years, open by treaty, was extremely difficult of access. largely directly from Russian sources. There were then only fifteen Protestant mission stations in the whole of China, for the most part Yet, despite the formidable opposition-which on the coast. Seventy years ago the total number at times has made the evacuation of considerable of Chinese converts connected with Protestant areas inevitable-spiritual results have increased. missions, was about 2,000. Today the China In- During the first fifty years of the Mission's hisland Mission alone has 345 central stations, 2,000 tory, a period devoted in the main to breaking new outstations, reports over 160,000 converts. ground, 50,700 persons publicly confessed their faith in Christ by baptism; but during the last It is comparatively easy to look back and see twenty years that number has been increased by what God hath wrought, or at least see the super- an additional 107,000 souls, making a total of apficial aspect of what has been done, but it needs proximately 158,000 from the commencement of historical imagination to realize what those sev- the work. The promise that those who do not beenty years have meant. Some knowledge of the come weary in well-doing shall reap in due season trials and difficulties are essential to an apprecia- has been fulfilled. tion of the past. The future always looks more formidable than the past, and it is easy to forget If after these seventy years the China Inland the obstacles that have been overcome. Progress Mission were asked to give an account of its stewcan only be measured by difficulties surmounted. ardship, we should begin to ask: What contribu- It needs only one line to say that the closed doors tion has the Mission made to the Church of God generally? Its primary duty has been the evan-

gelization of China, but in seeking to be obedient come must speedily be transferred. The spiritual to this call, God has given the Mission a witness need and claims of China are still great, and if to bear concerning God's faithfulness in fulfilling God still has a work for the Mission to do, as we His promises. In a day when materialism is believe He has, we would make this time of celerampant, and when men are ready to deny the bration one of renewed dedication to the service presence and the power of God, the testimony as of Him who has blessed us hitherto. to God's trustworthiness in the matter of temporal supplies has strengthened the faith of many. WHEN A CHINESE "HEART.IS God's goodness in supplying the daily bread for His servants still continues a standing marvel, BROADENED" and those who know most about the Mission's financial history can rej oice in God. A mIssIOnary is exammmg an old woman of seventy-three for baptism and admission to the When the World War broke out in 1914, the church: human probabilities against the continuance of the work increased, yet the Mission was maintained "Who is Jesus?" throughout those difficult years. When the cost "Jesus died for me." of silver rose to unheard-of prices, and the con- "How did he die?" sequent need of a greatly increased income, in "I don't know." terms of gold, became necessary if the work was "Who were Jesus' disciples?" to continue, the total income of the Mission in- "I don't remember. I can't read." creased according to that need. When economic "Do you know the names of any of the books famine came to afflict all countries, though the of the Bible?" Mission could not expect to be immune from the "When one can't read. . . " general trial, the necessary bread was given, and "Where did Jesus live on earth ?" water was made sure. Though economies have Silence. had to be practiced-and the Mission has no de- The missionary stopped. The old woman had sire to escape from the trials experienced by so made a very poor showing. many of its supporters-and though faith has "This old lady is one of our most faithful Chrisbeen tested, the barrel of meal has not wasted, nor tians," said a deacon. "She always comes to our has the cruse of oil failed, "according to the word meetings, though she lives three miles away. She of the Lord." gives cheerfully what she can to every good cause. She used to have a terrible temper, but since she In other ways the Mission has been allowed to believed, she has become kind-hearted and patient. bear witness, as in the blessedness of an interde- Everybody knows about it." nominational fellowship, and in the possibility of The missionary looked at her. Seventy-three maintaining an international relationship even years old. She might be gone before he could through the war. The ideals of Hudson Taylor come around next year. He decided to go on with have not been proved impossible, but they have the examination. been embodied in life, and have stood the strain "Who is God?" and test of seventy varied years. "God is our heavenly Grandfather." "Where is He?" We cannot close without a word of gratitude to "Wherever I go, He is there." God for His goodness to the Mission in the matter "Can you talk to Him?" of leadership. The seventy years of the Mission Her face brightened with understanding : "Yes, history are strangely divided into two equal peri- I can." ods of thirty-five years each, with the Boxer crisis "When do you talk to him?" in the centre. From 1865 to 1900, Hudson Taylor, "Why, very often. When I am working in the the founder, was the leader of the Mission, and fields, when I am making bread, when I feel sad, from 1900 to 1935, that great responsibility has I talk to him and my heart is broadened." She rested upon the shoulders of Mr. D. E. Hoste. was now on familiar ground. "I talk to him when- God's best gifts are often found embodied in some ever I want to. Sometimes I have more to say consecrated personality, and the Mission cannot and talk longer. Sometimes I have only one or be too grateful to God for the long and devoted two thoughts and talk shorter. Whatever I have labors of those who have had the rule over the in my heart, I say." work. Mr. Hoste is now well over seventy years of age, and the time has come when he must lay From Jesse R. Wilson's new book, Men and Women of his burden down. The prayers of Christian Far Horizons (paper, 60 cents; cloth, $1.00), which is friends are asked for the one upon whom the published by the Friendship Press, New York. great responsibility of leadership in the days to

Forty–Seven Years Among the Chinese*

The Fruit of the Labors of Dr. and Mrs. Jonathan Goforth D R. AND MRS. JONATHAN GOFORTH re- compromise with sin, he is always very tender in turned to Canada early this year after dealing with sinners. forty-seven years of consecrated missionary Throughout these forty-seven years he has service in China and Manchuria. When Dr. and never lost that passion to save souls and to give Mrs. Goforth were in Canada nine years ago they the message of salvation to the unsaved. The met Allan Reoch, a young student just graduating hardships he has been willing to endure, the scars at Knox College and he returned to China with on his body (marks of the Lord Jesus), his ex- them. ample at the age of seventy-six, and blind, testify- Mr. Reoch has written the following illumi- ing for our Lord with the energy of youth are all nating study of Dr. and Mrs. Goforth who have proofs of this. Not only has his love for the left their beloved mission field in Manchuria to Saviour been the impelling motive, but also his return to Canada. love for the people. The Chinese aTE) intensely at- tached to him. What qualities have made Dr. and Mrs. Jonathan Goforth so outstanding and so marvelously Not only has he labored in season and out, to used in their work for the Saviour? I came across reconcile lost souls to God through the preaching the following "Seven Rules for Daily Living" of the Cross and shed blood of Jesus, but his work made by Dr. Goforth in 1894 and written on the in reviving backslidden Christians is too well fly leaf of his Bible: known to need further comment. His prayer has been, "0 Lord, revive thy work in the midst of the 1. Seek to give much-expect nothing. years." 2. Put the very best construction on the actions of others. 3. Never let a day pass without at least a quarter of an In all these qualities Mrs. Goforth has shared to hour spent in the study of the Bible. the full. All through the years she has been an 4. Never omit daily morning and evening private prayer able and loyal helper, rendering effective aid to and devotions. the cause of Christ amid dangerous scenes. While 5. In all things seek to know God's will and, when not able these last few years to engage as actively in the preaching as before, on account of ill health, known, obey at any cost. she has carried on an equally important work and 6. Seek to cultivate a quiet, prayerful spirit. 7. Seek each day to do or say something to further Christianity among the heathen. strenuous correspondence.

Dr. Goforth has lived up to these rules. He has After having worked with Dr. and Mrs. Goforth surpassed them. His love for the Bible is well for many years, all these qualities together with known, and he has taken every opportunity to read their obedience to God, strict honesty, generosity, it. Even after becoming blind he had a Chinese kindness, and benevolence remain as precious read to him at least twelve chapters a day. His memories. loyalty to the Bible as the Word of God, and his defense of the fundamentals of the faith have been Dr. Goforth held a week of special meetings just outstanding in his career. before leaving. The farewell service, which lasted four and a half hours on January 20 was attended He is a man of prayer, and through prayer and by many of our Chinese leaders. Bible study has sought to know God's will. It is this love for Bible reading and communion with Pastor Chiang, who represented the Christians God that has given him the power to move audi- from the North, struck a high note when he said, ences to a conviction of sin and repentance. At "Now that Elijah is leaving, we must all be Elishas and pray for a double portion of Elijah's all times he keeps self in the background and relies spirit." wholly on the power of the Holy Spirit to take of the things of Jesus and reveal them unto his Dr. Goforth, speaking from Acts 2, dwelt on hearers. "Not by might, nor by power, but by my the Promise of Power, and the necessity of being Spirit. . . ." These Scriptures have ever been filled with the Holy Spirit to save those yet in his battle cry. darkness. The Christians from every part of the field sent farewell gifts to Dr. and Mrs. Goforth. The silk banners were hung on the walls, while a Though Dr. Goforth's preaching contains a long table was covered with silver shields, all stern denunciation of sin, and in no case tolerates manifestations of their love for them personally and an expression of appreciation of what the • Condensed from The Sunday Schoo! Times, Philadelphia, May Gospel has meant to them.

25, 1935.

[415 ]

Everyone expects their forty-seven years of and gambling. He broke everyone of the ten eminently fruitful service in China and Manchuria commandments more than once. Among other to be crowned with rich blessing among the things, he sold opium and rented out his buildings churches in the homeland. for houses of ill fame. He was converted a year and a half ago and since then has been a tower of Some Fruits of Their Labors strength in the work. He has lived a changed life The result of this aggressive evangelism is that ever since, has provided buildings for a church, precious souls nave been won to Christ and have and gives testimony himself. Whereas before he the hope of eternal life. Some of the old Chris- never got up in the mornings until near noon, now tians we found in a backslidden condition have he is at the church at five a. m. for early morning prayer meeting. DR. AND. MRS. JONATHAN GOFORTH TODAY Mr. Sung, of Tailai, was not baptized when we been restored. One in particular who has been opened work there, but he was a nominal Chrisgreatly used in opening new centers, especially in tian, and his father was an elder. Living away the country districts, is Wang Teh HaL He was from home, he had not received much instruction, baptized about twenty-five years ago, but shortly but was anxious to help. He was seIling opium on afterward an unconverted deacon in the church the side, and, when reproved for his conduct, taught him the best tricks in gambling. Afterthis slapped faithful pastor T'ang in the face. But love Mr. Wang became the most notorious gambler in and patience won the day. Mr. Sung has been his country and was feared because of his con- made a new man in Christ and is a pillar in the stant lawsuiting. He had a fierce temper. One church. Last year, when the building of a church day while he was listening to the preaching of the was discussed, he sold five pigs and brought the Gospel, a pastor offered him a Scripture portion, money to the treasurer. but he threw it to the ground in a rage. The second day, however, his hardened heart was touched, Among the recent converts, Mr. and Mrs. Wang, and he has been out and out for the Lord since. of Tailai, are outstanding. When, in the autumn He said lately that in his unregenerate days, if of 1930, the missionary was doing evangelistic anyone stole a chicken out of his yard or a pump- work in that city, he went out with the colporteur kin off his window sill, he would stand on the selling Scripture portions. One of those to buy housetop and swear at the neighbors for three was a soldier. Later he went to a shop to find out days. Now he used his flow of language in telling what they were about, as he couldn't read. He the Gospel story. only bought them because they were so cheap. The manager in the shop said he didn't know and Mr. Tung is the most prominent and wealthy gave away the ones he had bought to Mr. Wang, layman who has joined with us. He was baptized who then went to the chapel and heard the Gospel three years before the Boxer trouble and remained for the first time. He was so impressed that he steadfast throughout that persecution. Later he decided to become a Christian. On reaching home became an official and rich in this world's goods. he smashed up his opium lamps, for beside being He fell from grace and took unto himself eight a soldier, he ran an opium den. Mrs. Wang bewives, spent his days in opium smoking, drinking, came as ardent a Christian as her husband. What a change the light and love of Jesus brought into that dark and sinful home! Now, four years later, we find Mr. Wang working as an evangelist. Mrs. Wang went to Bible college at her own expense and does voluntary preaching among the women. They are a marvelous couple, showing in their lives the power of the saving grace of God. . . . .

Another who has come out on the Lord's side, is Chang Pao Cheng. He was living in Szepingkai with his mother, wife, and family. When his mother became ill, his wife decided to consult a fortune-teller, as things were going from bad to worse in spite of her daily burning incense to pla- cate the gods.- Seeing her distress, and having listened sympathetically to her tale of woe, the fortune-teller said that their little daughter was the cause of all their troubles and that they would have to get rid of her. Mrs. Chang was to keep on a vegetable diet, burn twice as much incense,

FORTY-SEVEN YEARS AM;ONG THE CHINESE

and finally give him a liberal contribution for his the thirteen-year-old daughter of Mr. Sun, as he advice. grabbed her tightly around the throat.

For the next few days, Mrs. Chang could be "I don't know where my father is, and even if seen walking up and down the streets of Szeping- you kill me, I can't tell you where he has fled to kai, carrying her daughter in her arms. The child because I don't know," she replied in a calm voice.

was dressed in her best clothes with a piece of The unperturbed manner of this country girl straw sticking in a buttonhole. That was a sign in the face of danger was so different from what the girl was for sale. But nobody wanted to buy they had ever seen that one bandit asked of his the girl, and wouldn't take her even for nothing, companion in evil, "What kind of a girl is this?"

as every family had enough to do to make ends "I'm a Christian," she said, slowly raising her meet without adding to expenses. head (for she had been standing bowed in silent One day while looking for a prospective buyer, prayer). "I think you would like to hear me sing,"

Mrs. Chang stopped at the market place where a she ventured.

theatrical performance was in progress. The "Yes, sing us a song," the bandits shouted.

church had also put up a tent and, taking advan- She sang a hymn, and they were so pleased that tage of the large numbers present, preached daily they wanted to hear some more. "Wait until I to the crowds. Mrs. Chang heard the Gospel for call my cousin and we'll sing together. You will the first time, went home and told her husband.. like that better still," was her reply. When her The next day Mr. Chang went, and was even more cousin, a girl about her own age arrived, they sang impressed. They decided for Christ, went home another hymn, and the robbers were so delighted and smashed their idols, determined not to sell the that they returned all of her father's goods they child but to trust in Jesus for the recovery of the had stolen. "Please give back my uncle's things, sick. From that time on, the old woman began too," she boldly pleaded, and they did as she asked.

to recover, and is still hale and hearty. On leaving gave her two dollars as well.

Later Mr. Chang was made an elder at Szep- A Farewell Message ingkai. Now he is out preaching in a very wild district. When he was a young man living in A "Farewell Message from Dr. and Mrs. Go- Shantung, he lived a very bad life. How com- forth" sent to friends in January, just before they pletely he was changed by Christ! He became left Manchuria, contains the following: gentle and could be trusted absolutely and was As we lay down this work, we praise God for our faithconstantly sent to the bank on business. A year ful coworkers, the Rev. and Mrs. Allan Reoch and the Rev.

ago he returned to his old home for a short visit and Mrs. William G. Davis, who with some splendid Chi- nese leaders must now carryon. They have all along been and won family after family for the Lord. absolutely one with us in the aggressive evangelistic The Sun Girls and Bandits methods adopted from the inception of this work. Mr. Reoch is now Secretary-Treasurer of the Goforth Evan- A typical case of how the Christians stood firm gelistic Funds Account, from which nearly all our evanduring the chaotic conditions prevailing two years legists are supported. Address the Rev. Allan Reoch, ago may be seen in the case of the Sun girls. My Szepingkai, Manchuria.

notebook tells the tale better than memory could We plan to open a "Goforth Evangelistic Funds Acrecall. count" in the Canadian Bank of Commerce, Toronto, in which all money for this work will be deposited. Our "If you don't tell me where your father is, I'll home address is 47 St. James' Avenue, Toronto, Ontario, kill you," said a rough looking Chinese bandit to Canada.

A MISSIONARY'S PRAYER By VIOLA RICH SIMTH, Legaspi, Albay, Philippine Islands Oh, lift us heavenly Father, At noontide, with its scorching heat, And strengthen day by day From labor worn, we find The feeble thoughts that yearn toward Thee, Renewal, rest and'peaceful power, For we would learn to pray. At once with Thine Own mind.

We come to Thee at morningtide, "At even' when the sun is set," When skies are clouded gray; We bring our day to Thee, The howling winds of bitter fear And find its petty burdens gone, Thou clearest from our day. Ourselves, Christ-centered, free.

Letter to a New Missionary*

By ALEXANDER McLEISH, London World Dominion Movement YOU wish to know how best to set about your provide material for home letters, but your spir- work. To answer that is not easy, but there itual power, your success in creating a living are certain things which stand out prom- Christian fellowship, may be conspicuously absent. inently. First of all I would place at the center, One of your problems will be the use of money. as of primary importance, the influence of per- The amount the missionary spends on himself and sonality. One must keep the best of one's energy his household will seem prodigality to the poor for personal relationships. There must be un- villager so that you must make every effort to live hurried daily communion with God through Bible . simply and with as little display as possible. This study, meditation and prayer. You cannot live is the way of avoiding innumerable difficulties. on spiritual reserves, but on day by day "income." "Give us this day our daily bread" has a twofold The problem of a young missionary going to an old field is very different, and also very diffisignificance. cult. Here he finds work which is long estab- Secondly, every contact in any capacity is a lished, and the question will arise in his mind why, after thirty years or so, has it not been commissionary method, and therefore you are "on duty" 'every moment of the day. mitted to the people themselves to carryon i The Does anything else matter? In a sense, no! saying that "here we have no continuing city" is You may often be perplexed as to what you should true of the contact of foreign missionaries with do. The urge to get things done is Western and native peoples. The missionary is not intended to modern. As your object is to build up a truly in- be a permanent factor in the life of an alien peodigenous Church, you should aim principally at ple. His work is to make Christ the permanent winning the family to Christ. In the social sys- factor, and himself to pass on to other pioneer tems of India, China and Africa, the family and tasks as quickly as he may. The one thing wllich the communal life are the real units. As a general will justify your presence in an old field today is rule it is better to urge the individual to realize the strengthening of the indigenous Church to his Christian duty to the members of his family live its own life and to develop its own institutions and to seek to bring them with him before he is in its own way and with its own personnel. The baptized, for once baptized he will in most cases acid test of work today is whether it can stand be effectively cut off from further influence with alone in the absence of the missionary and withthem. A convert always finds it easier to wind out the help of foreign funds. his family before his baptism than after, and thus the social unit is won. This may mean in- It will be seen that a new missionary's task is no easy one. Every talent will be needed, and the tensive rather than extensive work. For this vital contact with the people the first more he possesses the better. A great deal of the requirement is intimate knowledge of their lan- paraphernalia of modern missions he will find to guage, customs and ways of thinking. To keep be of little use. He will find it best to study the first things first is no easy task. You may find Master's methods and closely follow them. When yourself running a printing press when you could confronted with the difficulties of your task aleasily get the work done elsewhere; you may find ways remember that Christ said, "Lo, I am with yourself hurrying off to a Fair with Gospels, be- you alway, even unto the end of the world." This fore you are able to answer the questions of your alone will give you the true outlook on the situa- hearers. All such activities may fill your day and tion, and will inspire you to press forward with • Condensed from The Burma News. the task of evangelism.

"Growds of young people are awakened to their dire need, and eagerly look to the Church for leadership. In thirteen years in Korea I have never seen such a favorable time as now for direct, aggressive evangelism. Never were the people more eager to hear the good news." -REV. C. C. AMENDT, Konju, Korea.

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Page News-An Airplane Crash*

-ell] By R. W .. HAMBROOK, Washington, D. C. 11Jue– l'". AS A substitute for my chief in the United me to go Home to be with Him or whether he still States Office of Education, I spoke before had more work for me to do. His answer seemed members of the New York Teachers' As- to be that my work on earth was not yet finished, sociation at Syracuse, New York. Having been and therefore I sought His promises and found compelled to sleep on Pullmans for two nights, I comfort in John 15: 7-"If ye abide in me, and decided to return to Washington by air. A plane my words abide in you, ye shall ask what ye will was to leave at 7: 23 p. m., which would allow me and it shall be done unto you." I searched my own to spend a night in Newark, and reach Washington heart and then I said, "Lord, I will to live, if You the next morning at the same time as by train. will me to live."

It was snowing heavily when I reached the Syra- It may have been seconds or it may have been cuse airport, but the wind was scarcely evident. minutes after we brushed the top of the tree be- About 7: 30, after the pilot fore we struck other trees. We had made careful inquiry re- were in total darkness, but my garding weather conditions The secular press gave con- emotions were not at all disahead, and after being in- tinent-wide front-page dis- turbed, and I was noting carestructed to fly, we left Syra- play to the incident here re- fully the different events cuse with a pilot, co-pilot, and corded. While grateful to the which were taking place. The a passenger co-pilot, and my- men who, on land and in the nose of the plane turned self as the only paying pas- air, ran great risks or endured downwards and struck the senger. real hardships to effect their ground first, and then the We had been flying for rescue, and deeply apprecia- plane settled on the snow as about three-quarters of an tive of those interests, wheth- level as if it had been laid on hour when I became aware er private corporations or special foundations. Immedithat something was wrong. I ately the two pilots rushed indid not know that the left government owned, that· in a to the cabin and asked if anymotor had stopped in conse- single day burned up nine body was hurt. To the astonquence of ice, nor did I know thousand gallons of gasoline ishment of all, not a leg, nor that a small amount of ice had in their efforts to locate them an arm, nor even a finger was formed on the leading edge of by plane, Mr. Hambrook broken, nor was one drop of avows his supreme indebtedthe wings, resulting in de- ness to the Heavenly Father. blood shed, nor was one of us His compensation for the two creased wing efficiency. A days and two nights of phys- in any way stunned. I re- light burning in the front of ical suffering and nervous marked that God had an- the cabin said, in effect, "Do strain lay in the joy that he swered our prayer and had not remove your safety belt had in leading his three com- saved our lives. or smoke as long as this light panions to a saving knowlremains lit"; it had not been edge of Jesus Christ. Gasoline was pouring out of the left tank in the wing. We turned off as is the custom stepped out of the cabin door upon leaving an airport. The into snow almost to our knees cabin was growing cold through lack of heat from and stayed there until all gasoline had ceased run- the exhaust of the left motor. The plane throbbed ning; then we returned to the cabin, turned on somewhat, caused, as I learned later, from the the lights, and made a survey of our situation.

"missing" right motor. This motor had been The two active pilots spent the night in the open, supercharged and was working at its limit, but by the side of a small fire which they had lit, in yet the plane was losing altitude. hopes that someone might have heard the sound The first indication to me that anything serious of our crash and come to rescue us. The passenger was the matter was when we brushed the top of co-pilot and I spent the night in the cabin in a a tree. As a child of God, my thoughts naturally temperature somewhere between freezing and turned to Him, and I asked whether He wished zero.

• Reprinted from The Evangelical Christian, Toronto, Canada. The next morning the pilot and the passenger [419 ]

co-pilot decided to seek a way out to the north, available. We took the fifteen seat cushions and takmg the airplane compass to guide them. After placed them under our feet and in front and in going about two miles they decided to return be- back of our feet, and then we pulled off the cur- fore becoming completely exhausted. One of the tains from the windows and wrapped them around men decided to repair the radio, and found the our feet. The two blankets we shared among us.

antenna broken, but the battery still in good con- Never shall I forget the misery of that night, dition. Starting the generators, he called Albany, as the temperature reached 15 degrees below zero. giving the number of the plane saying that we I was so cold that it seemed as if my body must were all safe and not injured, stating our altitude, shake to pieces. Only those who have had similar and requesting assistance as soon as possible. experiences can understand what we passed Several calls were made at different intervals for through during that night. We had gone into the the purpose of directing the radio beam to chart cabin shortly after dark, and after we had been our location. shivering for a short time, I began to pray out Fifteen Degrees Below Zero loud, constantly referring to Scripture. I was most grateful that I had stored my memory with During the day a lean-to was made, using sap- multitudes of His promises. The prayers of that lings tied at the top and fastening upon them night have all been answered. We were still cold, fabric torn from the wings and fuselage of the but I learned again the infallible truth of Philipplane. The fabric was tied with strings to the pians 4: 6-7-"In nothing be anxious, but in ev- erything by prayer and supplication, with thankssaplings. giving let your requests be made known unto God, I prayed with the men and asked God to send and the peace of God which passeth all underdeliverance. In addition, I prayed many times standing shall garrison your hearts and your alone. Our lean-to was about ten feet in diameter thoughts in Christ Jesus." His peace filled my and a little over one-half of a circle, but it was soul. somewhat small for the four of us, so several times I left the other three to attempt to make a good Life Out of Death fire where several logs could be pushed together. It was a distressing night. I do not believe any Try as we would, however, we were unable to se- one of us slept for more than a few moments at cure wood that burned brightly, or made smoke. a time. Only God kept us from freezing to death. which would rise above the tops of the trees. A' Many, many times we referred to our watches to foot of snow had fallen during the night, and see how long before morning. Shortly after dawn, with the snow previously on the ground, made a we heard the sound of an airplane. All four of us depth of nearly three feet. With no shovel, no axe, immediately rushed out into the snow to see a and no food to give strength, it proved very ex- plane equipped with skis flying a few hundred hausting to secure wood from under this depth of feet above the trees, less than one-quarter mile snow. Our only means of removing snow was away. Although we waved our arms frantically, sheet metal cowling taken from around the motors. the pilot failed to see us. It seemed as if some of Numbers of times I knelt near this second fire to the 35 to 50 planes which were sent out to rescue plead with God for aid, but the heavens seemed as us were within sight of us a good part of the day.

brass, and no answers came. The sky was overcast When our plane crashed, the interior was in as all day Saturday, and no airplane came within good condition as when we left Syracuse, with the reach. We heard no sound of automobile horn, rail- exception of one seat a leg of which had pushed road train, or airplane. Again and again I sought its way through the floor. We used seat covers to the promises, and my thoughts turned to John 15: protect our ears and to cover our feet to prevent 7. I asked God if I were abiding in the Lord Jesus snow from getting into our shoes. We utilized and if His words were abiding in me, and I asked strips of curtains for tying the seat covers and Him to search my heart and see if anything as yet other material on our feet and legs. One man had was unconfessed to Him. . I wanted nothing to a pair of zipper overshoes, another had a pair of come between myself and God. Still the answers low rubbers, whereas the other two had nothing did not come. . more than low shoes. Pillow cases, towels and We made our plans for Saturday night so that pillows were all put into service in some way, we could secure as much protection from the cold Even the parcel rack material was ripped from its and assist each other, as far as possible. It was place and made into leggings and foot coverings.

impossible to secure wood enough to burn The leather backs of the pilot seats made good throughout the night. We could light no fire in the leggings when tied with strips of curtain material.

cabin without burning it. None of the fifteen seats One of the men said he was tempted to chew on could be removed because there were no tools the leather before using it for leggings, but de-

FRONT PAGE NEWS – AN AIRPLANE CRASH

cided the dye might be poisonous. Strange to say ferred to John 1: 12 again. He replied, "A son of we were not conscious of hunger. God." I asked whether he would thank God for this fact in his own words, and there in that deep About ten o'clock Sunday morning two of us de- snow, he, with a towel bound around his head, and cided that we had better make one more attempt I with a seat cover over my head, with our hats at finding our way out. Consequently we fitted off, he expressed his appreciation to God for the ourselves up to walk through the deep snow. We fact that he was now a child of God. had pushed through the deep snow, over huge fallen logs, over small hills and into hollows, for We trudged along. The thrill of that moment about a mile. Before leaving our camp I had asked is with me as I write. Numbers of times as we God (according to James 1: 5, 6), to give wisdom walked along my companion said, "Mr. Hamand to show us a way out, that we might bring brook, it seems so different n9w." help to the other two left behind. We stopped to rest a moment, and I challenged my companion, We came to what seemed to us a swamp. The saying, "lam concerned about your soul. Are you really satisfied that all is well?" He replied, MR. HAMB'ROOK WELCOMED HOMill AFTER THE CRASH "No, Mr. Hambrook, I am not satisfied." "Then," I said, "what is to prevent you from snow was deep, but we could travel in a straight making things right now, before we go any line. At one point, my pilot friend all of a sudden farther?" He replied, "Nothing, if you will slipped into water up to his knees. Wet legs and show me how." zero weather do not go very well together, so we turned back and continued on the same side of You can imagine the delight that was mine in the swamp until we reached a deer trail, the only knowing how to show him the way to salvation. sign of animal life that we had seen. While we I began with John 1: 12-"But as many as re- were contemplating crossing the swamp, our skiceived him, to them gave he power to become equipped airplane flew nearby, but failed to see us, the sons of God, even to them that believe on although later he told of seeing our trail in the his name." Then I explained by John 1: 1-3- snow. "In the beginning was the word and the word was with God and the Word was God; the same was in the beginning with God; all things were made by him and without him was not anything made that was made" – whom it was that should be received-that it was Deity, the Christ of God. Then I passed on to John 1 : 14, "And the Word was made flesh and dwelt among us and we beheld his glory, the glory as of the only begotten of the Father, full of grace and truth," and pointed out from this the manhood of Christ. From there I referred to John 1 : 29, "Behold the Lamb of God which taketh away the sin of the world," and explained how the blood of Christ was necessary to take away sin. Next reference was made to Romans 10: 9, 10, "That if thou shalt confess with thy mouth the Lord Jesus and shalt believe in thine heart that God hath raised him from the dead thou shalt be saved; for with the heart man believeth unto righteousness, and with the mouth confession is made unto salvation."

The question was put: "Will you accept the Lord Jesus Christ as your Saviour?" He immediately said, "I will." I then asked him if he would tell God this fact. He said he would repeat after me in sincerity such prayer as I would present to God. We both prayed around the Scriptures referred to above, and ended by a statement something like this, "I, in this snow, among these trees, accept You, Lord Jesus, as my Saviour." Immediately I asked him, "What are you now?" and re-

It was suggested that we go back to camp be- in 25 degrees below zero temperature. How we fore exhaustion was complete. God said, "Go back. thanked God for men with hearts like these men There are two more in the camp whom you must who rescued us. lead to Christ." We reached camp about 1: 30 p. m., and immediately I put the same questions to Between one and two o'clock in the morning, one of the other men, with the same result. At seven of the men went back, and two remained 1: 45 the third pilot came into our lean-to and I with us all night. After a while one of the pilots put the same questions to him, discussed the same said, "Don't you think we ought to thank God for Scripture passages, received the same replies from this?" So he prayed, and I prayed, and the other him. two prayed, thanking God for His wondrous kind- ness in saving us in our hour of need. Then I began to understand why God had not answered the praye'rs which had gone up to Him At eleven o'clock, an army plane flew overhead for rescue. Now all four of us were members of and dropped a parachute of food for us. Early the body of Christ and could go tod-od' in unity the next morning another plane dropped another and make request for rescue. We prayed around parachute and now we had enough food to start our small fire and told God that we needed His aid, a restaurant. In the morning men returned with that we had done all we knew how toward our a toboggan, boots, woollen socks, and other things, rescue, but now that He must take action. We to bring us out of the woods. The pilot was carrequested God to send help before midnight, as we ried on the toboggan; the co-pilot walked most of felt that some of us would have passed· into death the way, but was very weak, having bruised his before morning. face and injured his jaw in the crash.

It was growing colder every minute. The situa- On our way into Morehouseville, I was privition looked hopeless; but our trust was in God. leged to talk to the leader of the men who reached At dusk, when it seemed as if all search would us the night before. After discussing the same cease, we heard the noise of an airplane over- Scriptures with him, he held out his hand and head, and then saw its lights. As hastily as said, "I'll do that," and there in those woods, he fatigued bodies would allow, two of the men se- accepted Christ as his Saviour, and lifted his cured gasoline and threw it upon a tree, and then voice in gratitude to God. with an ember from the fire, lighted it. The flare attracted the attention of the pilot, and he began An ambulance was waiting for us at Moreto make circles around us. Our joy can be imag- houseville to take those who needed it to the hosined, for we knew that he would immediately radio pital. The two of us who had walked the entire to our relatives and friends that we were safe. way rode in the doctor's car to St. Elizabeth's All of us stood by the flare to indicate I'tliat all Hospital in Utica, where I shaved myself, took a four were able to stand up. bath, and left Utica on a plane at about six o'clock for Washington. The bad weather forced us down Saved At Last at Newark, and it was necessary for me to con- tinue to Washington by train. The first plane left us, after dropping a flare, but soon afterwards another airplane appeared. Was it worth it? An $80,000 plane was de- We did not know just what he was doing, but he stroyed except for some parts salvaged. The four continued flying over and at about 10 :,30 we heard of us suffered untold agony for two days and two a shot, then a shout.' Two of the men~n our party nights. Our relatives and friends went through went outside and shot off their revO,lvers, while great anxiety. Nine thousand gallons of gasoline two of us stayed in the lean-to next'~ to the fire. were consumed in one day by airplanes searching Never shall I forget how my whole being sobbed for us. in gratitude to God -for bringing aid.~ Jesus said, "What shall it profit a man if he In a few moments, nine men reached us, bring- gain the whole world and lose his own soul?" ing hot coffee, chocolate, bread, sandwiches, wool- (Mark 8: 36). If it ,had cost the whole world to len socks, blankets, and other things to make us win those souls, it would have been worth it. comfortable. Soon a big warm fire was burning and we were chewing slowly on the food. These Since the accident happened one of the pilots men did not know then that they were answering has publically given his testimony many times and our request to God in bringing help, for only those his :wife has recently been converted. A recent acquainted with these Adirondack woods can rea- letter from one of the men ends: "May God bless lize what it means to tramp through the deep snow you for showing me the Way." One of the resat night over rough ground for four or five miles cuers writes : "We rescued us and then you res- cued me." • Your cooperation in giving this thrilling testimony a wide distribution is most heartily invited. Price per copy 10c, 3 for 25c, I would not go through the experience again for $7.50 per hundred. Evangelical Publishers, 366 Bay Street, Toronto, millions of dollars, but I believe I would go Canada. through it again if' God wanted in that way to bring one more soul to Him.*

Challenge of Changing

An Address Delivered at the Younger Men's Missionary Congress. Stevens Hotel, Chicago, May 3, 1935 By GEORGE CRAIG STEWART Bishop of Chicago M EN talk of a coming revolution in the world from now on there's going to be a change!'" It order. We are in it. Men speak of the would be a dull world if there were no change. Day of Judgment. It is here. I entered It would be a mad world if there were no stability.

college in 1895. Christmas Ev·e of that year 2. Well, there is no danger of a static world. marked, I suppose, a very definite gateway into This era of ours is a very helter-skelter of change. a new universe so vast, and subtle and mysterious And I am glad to be alive in it. It is exciting, adthat all our conceptions have had to be recast. In venturous, perilous, challenging, and that fits my 1900 the dictionary did not include "radio" or religion. (Sometimes you know I am called a high "movie" or "chauffeur" or "aviator" or "jazz" or churchman. Very well, we have in the Episcopal "hijacker" or "rum-runner" or "income tax" or Church an interesting triplet,-"Low and lazy, "parcel post" or "fundamentalist" or "bolshevist" broad and hazy, high and crazy.") or "quantum theory,"-Pas rei. "Everything flows." The map of the world, the map of the uni- Jesus Christ came into the world to change it, verse; the map of life changes before the ink is to change lives, to change attitudes, to change indry on your old one. It is bewildering. And the stitutions, to change human relationships, to main features of these changes are- change the world. He refuses to be pocketed by any party or by any "ism," but He is and always 1. The narrowing world of communications. has been a revolutionary. Wherever He is the en- 2. The new emphasis upon the common welfare vironment changes. And there is no place in His of all the race. discipleship for those who want to settle on the 1. Now there is something in us that resists lees. "Let the dead bury their dead," He says, "go change and also something that demands it. Here thou and preach tbe kingdom." are two fundamental human bents-one for things as they are; one for things as they ought to be The kingdom is fresh seed planted in every and are to be. One side of us is with the past and soil and growth is change. It is light for every conservatism- darkness, and light is lively. I see the economic and social and political upheavals, the scientific So was it when my life began and philosophical and religious shifts and up- So is it when I am a man, heavals in the world today as the signs of God shaking the earth, sifting the nations, breaking up So be it when I shall grow old the old stale modes of thought, tearing down and one side of us is with the restless spirits who Rejoice that man is hurled, withering and sterile relics of empty tradition, From change to change unceasingly, and pouring His spirit into men, imperatively de- manding life-life more abundant. And to you His soul's wings never furled.

If one side of us has all the say we become old, and me He comes challenging us as His followers static, obfuscous, obscurantist, fossilized. If the sayingother has all the say we become noisy nuisances Look to your faith! Is it so anremic that it will committed to what Walter Raleigh called "the not stand going out of doors where the bright idiotic simplicity of the revolutionary idea." light of science beats and the tearing gales of a I remember once down in Memphis, Tennessee, new naturalism and skepticism come out of the many, many years ago hearing a Baptist orator northeast? A challenge faces your Christian eth- preaching a very eloquent sermon. He was all ics which you say are based on the character of flame. The only thing I remember was this, that God-can they stand the tests of new social vision, he compared England with America. "In Eng- or will they capitulate and be revealed as only a land," said he, "they say, 'as it was in the begin- kind of protective coloring for the old order?

ning, is now, and ever shall be:' but in America Is your Church the Body of Christ with the we say, 'As it was in the beginning, is now, but wounds full of the power of crucifixion and resur- [423 ]

rection, or is it a "subsidy of Caiaphas" and a bul- There is a crisis here today in the world. There wark of the privileged class? A challenge to your was once a crisis in Jerusalem. Uzziah the great creed! Is it the dry bones of formula, or is it the statesman king was dead. Then a young man, beblood in your spiritual veins, beating through your wildered like the rest, went to the temple to ask reason and firing your will? Can it be said of us God to raise up some one on whom they could lean. as of the apostles-"they thfl,t have turned the And suddenly God spoke to him. "Why not you ?" world upside down are come hither also"? The other day a young man, a Christian, came to me and said-"I believe the time is ripe for some 3. John Buchan, the new Governor-General of young man who actually believes in the risen and Canada, has just written another book-since his contemporary and reigning Christ to rise up and "Cromwell"-I mean "The People's King"-in sweep all young men of the country into following honor of the 25th anniversary of his gracious Him in establishing His kingdom." I said, "Why majesty, King George V. And in that book he not you?" brilliantly reviews the Georgian Era and its changes. Indeed he begins with 1834-100 years After all when I see Jesus Christ coming down ago, with a picture of young Gladstone and his the center of the world's stage the kindest, friendfirst t,erm in Parliament. Gladstone was only 25 liest, cleanest, gr,eatest, noblest, grandest figure years old. He returned to spend a week-end in of all ages, I observe that what He is really about Oxford. And what do you think his diary reveals? is calling for leaders. "Will you come? Will you He spent the week-end reading. Reading what? follow Me?" Pickering on "Adult Baptism!" "The name of the book," says Buchan, "moves me like a spell. And suddenly I hear a vulgar Philistine's Preposterous and yet magnificent! The symbol modern note, "What'll we get out of it?" of a lost security of soul long ago dropped by the wayside!" Then Buchan goes on to show the de- And His reply is the kind that challenges all veloping skepticism and religious languor of the that is finest in man-"Get out of it? You'll sleep end of the century. The manly humility, called the with me in the bracken. 'Foxes have holes and the fear of God, began to disappear. And then the birds have nests, but I have not where to lay my war-August 4, 1914. Sir Edward Gray looking head? Are you game? Drink a bitter cup! I out from his window in the Foreign Office as the must drink it. Are you able? I must go to the lights sprang out of the dusk said, "The lamps are cross and my followers too. Loneliness. Scorn. going out all over Europe: we shall never see them Opposition. Hatred. Death. Will you come?" lit again in our life-time." And then came the crashing of thrones and the filling of a world with "What if we are alone, and don't know the the noise and dust of them. And following the way?" war, the disintegration of morals, the flood of cloacal fiction, and petty petulant poetry, and joy- "I am the way. I will be with you to the ages of less gaity, and everywhere the familiar cliches ages." of decadence. "Where shall we go?" But now out of the depression-to be seen in facism, in communism, in nazism-everywhere "To the ends of the earth!" youth is springing forward with fresh willingness to sacrifice, with idealisms not to be denied, with "What shall we do?" a demand that the spirit shall be recognized. "Heal the sick, teach the good news, baptize 4. There is in the Christian faith the stability them into me and my kingdom !" not of stubborn death but of growing life. The larger universe has not destroyed God but enlarged You know what happened; a Power that went God. We need a bigger God than we have like wind and fire through Syria, through Greece, dreamed, and how the world today leaps to re- through Rome, and when Rome fell gripped the ceive Him. invaders, swept through France, England, Ire- land, Scotland, leaped to America, and is this Christ, as Tertullian said, is "not convention very day changing not only individual lives but but Truth." His shoulder, as Francis Thompson society itself in every part of the earth. said, is "too high for me to lean upon it," and yet how He stoops to us! Jesus Christ is bigger, vast- David Livingstone said, "We will go anywhere er, than we have dared to think, and yet as ever provided it be forward." I think of the three available to the hllmblest. The challenge is not young men who faced a wonderful picture in one from the new world to Him, but from Him to you of the galleries of Europe, "Come unto me." In it and me. one can see the sick, the sinful, the discouraged, the worldly -coming. But one young man stood longer than the rest searching the eyes of Christ, and letting his soul come up and speak and finally that young man did speak,- "0 Man of Galilee if I can help you in your great world job, count on me!"

– ¥;II &IA $

PAPAU TA CHAPEL – I N TERIOR; ALL-SAMOAN DESI GN A N D WOR KMANSHIP Building an All–Samoan Chapel * By EVELYN A. DOWNS 1·- L. M. S. Missionary, Papauta, Western Samoa ~==========================~ PAPAUTA L. M. S. Girls' School in Samoa is asked for a plan and took it away to consider now forty-three years old, and all through whether it could be constructed. A few days later those years the church services have been held he returned full of enthusiasm, saying that he and in the big schoolroom. The teachers and mis- his fifty men were ready to start immediately.

sionaries have talked often of a beautiful Samoan They would cut all the materials out of the forest, cruciform building for a church, in which only and would try to make everything as perfect as Samoan materials and workmanship should be possible. We had no idea of beginning so soon, used. but we felt that the opportunity might not come With this object the girls planted sugarcane again. So within a week we had fifty men in the two years ago, so that there should be plenty of compound with our plantation men. The old chiefs thatch if ever the dream were realized. At the of Saanapu decided to come to keep the boys in same time they began to plait sinnet from the order, and direct the work. The men were with husk of the coconut, for there are no nails in a us for six weeks and we had services together '

Samoan building; everything is bound together every Sunday. The boys as well as our own school- with miles of string. They are optimists, for girls caught the spirit of working joyfully to the times are hard in Samoa and at the beginning of glory of God. As the building grew, all seemed 1934 the church building seemed a far-away pos- to be conscious of the peace that pervaded it.

sibility. But God rebuked faintheartedness. The The foundation of a Samoan house is laid last sugarcane flourished as never before and the beau- of all. The heavy posts are first put in place, the tiful leaves were ready for mak,ing into thatch. beams hoisted on primitive levers made from Food plantations yielded more taro and bananas than usual, so that there was plenty of food for boughs of trees, and bound firmly to the tops of the carpenters who would live on the estate while the posts. After that all the work is in the roof. working. In June a famous Samoan carpenter We assembled for the raising of the first post, from the village of Saanapu, Iuma by name, came sang a hymn, and the Samoan translation of "God over the hills to visit and I asked him to come to be in my head and in my understanding." The talk of something new. There has never before posts are the trunks of large breadfruit trees been a Samoan building made with transepts. He brought down from our hillside plantations. The great crossbeams are coconut logs.

• R eprinted from The Ohr oni cle; April , 1935. While the young men were doing this heavy [425 ]

THE NEW CHURCH AT PAPAUTA WITH TRANSEPTS, PAPAUTA, SAMOA work, the older men sat under the trees and made Government High School offered to bring the the ribs for the roof, a long, tedious piece of work, while others shaped and spliced the rounded ends earth, and to build up the outside platform. The of the building. This was expert work, for all shaping was from rough logs, and measurements building looked something like a giant anthill, as only by eye. the two hundred boys and our own one hundred We had prepared 20,000 yards of sinnet (string), but we soon realized that there was not and fifty girls rushed backwards and forwards nearly enough. It is an expensive item if it has to be bought so we challenged the girls and asked carrying baskets of soil. them to make as much as they could in a week out-of-school hours. The compound resounded The girls had to go to a part of the beach nine with the thud of beating coconut husk, for the husk had to be gathered, washed, beaten, and miles away for a special kind of grey pebble for rolled before the plaiting could be started. Everyone, big and little, walked round for that week the surface, a species much admired by the with a bundle of husk, and the length of string grew steadily. There was tense excitement when Samoans. lit took two days to gather enough for we measured it a week later; even the tiny girls brought a few yards as their contribution. Alto- forty lorry loads. The village near by entertained gether they had made 26,000 yards in that one week and the sinnet, used in the entire building, the girls, and helped them with the work. is twenty-eight miles in length. The outside posts of the chapel are tree ferns, The girls also undertook to make the thatch, which is the leaf of the sugarcane twisted on to with a beautiful, rounded surface. There are a pieces of wild bamboo two and a half feet long. Some went into the forest to cut the bamboo, while hundred altogether, and they had to be brought others gathered the dried leaves of sugarcane. There are 8,000 pieces of thatch on the roof, made from a forest on a hill ten miles away. by the schoolgirls themselves. The girls helped also to make the lattice work When the building was completed, the next consideration was the floor, which must first be made and blinds, which are slats cut from the slender with heavy rocks, with a layer of beaten earth, and finally covered with a layer of small pebbles some wild coconut and bound together with string. six inches deep. The students of Malue offered to put in a day bringing up the heavy stones which They designed and made the basketwork lampthe girls could not lift; they worked very hard, but it was a merry time. Then the boys of the shades which cover the electric light and match the general scheme of the building.

To stain the woodwork we made a varnish from the bark of the mangrove, and darkened it, as it is red, with lampblack made from the candlenut.

There is very little furniture needed in our chapel, for the congregation sit in Samoan style on the floor for which old Papauta girls in the Tokelau Islands have made beautiful mats. The pulpit is of pomuli, a Samoan forest tree and the log had to be brought several miles. This was the gift of a friend of the school. , Now this truly Samoan chapel lies in the shadow of Vaea Hill, where sleeps Robert Louis Stevenson in his grave "Under the wide and starry sky"; and in front stretches a wide view of the sea beyond the white waves breaking on the coral reef.

Situation in Korea*

By C. BURNELL OLDS, Japan -<I£( Missionary of the American Board T HE process of Japanese assimilation is go- city of 150,000, are seventeen flourishing Pres- ing on in as healthy fashion as could be ex- byterian churches, half of them organized within pected. I heard some complaint from the the last fifteen years, while within the suburban missionaries that the attitude of the government area of the city are twenty-;five Presbyterian in compelling conformity to her program of shrine churches, with 350 country churches of the same worship and reverence for the Japanese soldiers denomination in the province.

who had been killed in battle in Manchuria, was On Sunday morning, in visiting half a dozen of not wise. these churches at the hour of Sunday school, I The government is making great strides in the found practically the whole church constituency Japanization of the population through her diligently engaged in the study of the Bible. No educational program. During the last year the church member or church adherent, old or young, number of primary schools under government is regarded as in good standing if he was not a supervision increased from 4,000 to 7,000. As regular attendant at Sunday school. In the first practically all the instruction in these schools is church visited, 1,115 children were gathered in carried on in the Japanese language this means well-organized classes, during the first hour of the that Japanese is fast becoming the language of morning, followed, the next hour, by 709 adult the country. women, while during the last hour, just before Since Japan is planning evidently to take over noon, there were 344 men gathered for their reg- into her own hands as rapidly as possible the en- ular class work. This made a total attendance at tire educational enterprise in Korea, the mission- Sunday school that morning in that one church, ary enterprise will of necessity have to undergo of 2,168, and that was only an average day.

considerable change. At present a number of sec- The preaching service is held regularly in the afternoon, but since this was a special day, in ondary and higher mission schools are doing work honor of the meeting of the General Assembly, a great mass meeting of all the Presbyterian of such excellent quality that the government may churches in the city was held on the playground of one of the large schools belonging to the misnot be able soon to dispense with them, but even- sion, and it was estimated that there were between 12,000 and 15,000 people present at that service. tually her own system will be so far perfected as This was followed by a parade through the city, in which some five or six thousand people parto make it difficult for privately controlled schools ticipated. Such is the strength of the Presby- terian church in that city, to say nothing of the to continue. Even now students of mission work of the Methodist churches which is, in some respects equally strong. The point to be noted is schools are put to a great disadvantage in view the universal emphasis put upon the work of the Sunday school, as the training school of the of the preferential treatment given to all grad- church. I was interested also to see how well or- ganized the work seemed to be. The classes uates from the government system. seemed to average between ten and twenty mem- bers, but even so, regardless of the large number The missionary in Korea, as compared with of teachers required, there seemed to be no dearth of teacher material. Hundreds of the teachers, I Japan, occupies a position of predominant in- was told, came from the boys' and girls' schools that the mission has in the city for some ninety fluence, though undoubtedly that is waning rather per cent of the student body in these schools is Christian and most of them are engaged in Sunthan waxing. The Korean Christians are begin- ning to chafe under the missionary's too persistent exercise of control.

One cannot but be impressed by the amazing efficiency of the organization that the missionaries have built up during this first fifty years in the Christian movement in Korea. • I was especially impressed by the strength of the organization built up by the Presbyterians and by the efficiency of the method developed by them.

To see the work of the Northern Presbyterians one needs to go to Pyengyang, the largest Pres- byterian mission station in the world. Here, in a • Condensed from The Japan Christian Quarterly. day school work.

[427 ] Effective Ways of Working j 'Tested Methods for Increasing Interest at Home EDITED BY MRS. ESTELLA S. AITCHISON, GRANVILLE, OHIO ~=I================~====~======~ HOME MISSION STUDY the teachings of Christ are sufficient your church, locally and as a denomi- for meeting all the problems of the col- COURSES nation? lective life." 2. List activities and accomplish- The books issued annually for Devotional theme for the Course: the United Mission Study courses ments of your church which are funhave become increasing popular, "There remaineth very much land to damentally home mission and give not only for use in church or com- be possessed." Josh. 13: 1 c. (R. V.). reasons. List agencies in your community schools of missions but munity which illustrate the broader also in group study in Sunday Course Hymn: "America, the Beau- definition. Discuss the relation of the school, discussion sessions of the prayer meeting, as a basis for tiful." local church to these. programs in young people's and The Study Involves: A review of 3. Debate: The Church should conwomen's missionary organizations, and even as source mate- the pioneer home mission enterprise; fine itself to inspiring people to prorial for the pastor's sermons. Coupled with the reading courses an analysis of recent trends in our na- mote such activities as health and recin vogue in nearly all denomina- tional life as affecting and affected by reation centers, settlements, hospitals tions, they have made themselves the Christian Church; an appraisal of and clinics, rather than to engage in felt in church finances. One na- the present home missions program; a them as an organization. tional secretary of missionary consideration of the enterprise "in reeducation said that in her de- lation to the total task of the Church 4. Discuss the relation of the church nomination the relationship be- and to the inclusive purposes of the as an organization toward such evils tween study and financial re- Christian religion as these are under- as bad housing, civic corruption, liquor turns was direct and unquestion- stood and accepted by the Church." able. Whatever division of opin- and narcotics traffic, unwholesome ion there might be on the ques- Aims of the Course: tion of the continuance of for- 1. To review the history of home amusements, etc. eign missions, there surely can missions as a background for ap- 5. Make a study of one large city, be none as to the practical value praisal of the needs and opportunities of the home bookS" this year. indicating in parallel columns causes They have been linked up di- of the present. rectly with social, economic and 2. To consider the extent to which for growth, effect on industry, culture. religious issues of dominant im- distribution of population, etc., and portance. the existing home missions program is ways in which the Church tried to supplying spiritual ministry in Amer- meet new problems. Make a similar Toward a Christian America ican life. study of one rural field. by Hermann N. Morse affords 3. To define and assume our indi- Chapters 5 and 6 aim to discover excellent study or discussion material. Mrs. B. P. Heubner, of vidual Christian responsibilities in the areas in need of evangelization and to Galesburg, Illinois, sends the outline used by her as instructor in enterprise. evaluate the means available to meet the Boulder, Colorado, Summer Chapters 1 and 2 aim to discover the School of Missions. Only a few the needs. high lights can be used in our home mission motive and trace the be- Devotional Theme: "That all may limited space; but those wishing ginnings of the efforts. to secure the full outline may know Him." Rom. 10: 13-15. have it at cost price plus postage, Devotional The me: Yesterday's 15 cents, addressing her at 56 E. Spiritual Frontiers. Rom. 1: 13-25 Assignments: Fremont Street. (R. V.). 1. List methods used by your local The Key Quotation was: Home mis- Special Assignments and Devices: sions must think of the salvation of so- 1. A brief history of your church in 'churches to win men to Christ and conciety as well as of individuals, and that sider their effectiveness. America with attention to extensions in its program. 2. Original dramatization: A local church official board meeting with pas- 2. "The Missions Map Grows"-a tor discussing such questions as:- chalk talk indicating the settlement of How many of the present membership emigrants, approximate dates, indus- of this church are active in its work? tries affected by their coming and cor- How many do not attend services, give responding- missionary expansion. financial support or show interest in its program? Are there unchurched 3. Reading'S or dramatizations from people in the community? How can "We Must March" (Honore Morrow.). they be reached? What is our respon- sibility in their evangelization? In re- 4. "The March of Time," introduc- ing' the characters of Chapter 2. enlisting those on the membership list? 3. A review of your denomination's 5. "Thumb-nail statements" of pres- ent status of pioneer stations reviewed Christian Americanization work. in this session. 4. Story hour period of "human in- Chapters 3 and 4 aim to comprettend terest" narratives from such fields as the broadening scope of the ChurCh's function in American life. this session considers. 5. A thought question: Should the Devotional Themes: Today's Spir- itual Frontiers. Matt. 6: 33. (See Church carryon any activity which is text, p. 56.). The Christian as Inter- not in some way, directly or indirectly, preter. Isa. 40: 3. evangelistic? Chapters 7 and 8 survey the Church's Assignments: ministry of practical service as now 1. How have the forces summarized conducted and consider its relationship on page 52 affected the program of to the extension of a social welfare [428 ] program.

EFFECTIVE WAYS OF WORKING

Devotional Theme: Jesus' posses- year was "Looking Upward- York City, marking package "Books sion of "new land" through service. Claiming Spiritual Treasures in for the Philippines," as many commu- Matt. 4: 23. (a) Bible Study; (b) Prayer nities are bookless although the people and Intercession; (c) Devo- love to read. Arrange a shower of Assignments: tional Books." This year's em- books and magazines (and magazine phasis is upon "Reaching Out- subscriptions.) for home mission insti- 1. Compile a list of home mISSIon ward-Seeking Living Treas- tutions. service agencies in your state. Is ure." The climactic note in 1936there duplication with similar govern- 1937 will be "Moving Forward- Set up an inquiry as to recreational mental or public agencies? Sharing Love's Treasures." This advantages, hospital facilities, etc., for year's emphasis is timely in view otHer racial or national groups in your 2. Use electrified map locating serv- of the study topics: "For the community and bring pressure to corice projects in your denomination. As ultimate measure of both our rect any inequalities. each light is flashed on, have a brief work in the homeland and our sketch of that project. Impersonate mission in Latin America must Sponsor a Church School of Misworkers at the various stations, giving be in terms of human lives and sions. information in the first person. human relationships. To a large degree the early exploration and Plan a Pan-American evening with 3. Review or readings from "Nurses colonization of the American an exhibit of pictures and objects illuson Horseback" (Ernest Boole) or continent were motivated by the trating home life, etc., in Latin Amer- "Clever Country" (Carolyn Gardner). search for material treasure. It ican countries and have a program in is the high mission of the Church keeping. 4. "Relay story," given like relay to rediscover America in terms race, of "Quare Women" or "The Glass of her living treasure." Coordinated with these programs is Window" (Lucy Furman). a leaflet packet interpreting each The September to January outlines month's theme by discussions, drama- 5. Exhibit of handicraft stimulated feature "Treasures at Our Door- tizations, stories, book reviews, panel by missions among Indians, Southern Awaiting the Pioneer": "In Rural discussions, conversations, selected Mountain People, West Indians, Mexi- Areas," "In Areas of Attitude and Ac- poems and the like, furnishing good cans and urban centers, its discussion tion" and "In the Paths of Peace." material for any denomination willing creating atmosphere and imparting in- Among the questions for personal to substitute its own specifics. formation about the various peoples. preparation are: Address the Society at Missions Chapters 9 and 10 appraise the prog- Do I, as an individual, enjoy any Building, 222 Downey Ave., Indianress made toward accomplishment of benefits as the result of home mis- apolis, Ind. the ultimate objectives of home mis- sions? What? sions. BULLETIN NUMBER Is my community a friendly place for Devotional Theme: Possessions to- the representatives of the various THREE gether in His Name. Heb. 11: 40 b; races and nations? Joshua 13: 1 c. Those who have used Bulletins How would these groups answer the Number One and Two of the Pro- Assignments: same question? fessional Advisory Section on Missionary Education of the In- 1. Survey of local social welfare A Christian order of society: what ternational Council of Religious agencies from standpoints of coopera- does this involve in regard to church Education (and the secretary retion, duplication or overlooking, and unity, race relations, housing, economic ports a large number of orders adequacy in meeting needs. conditions, etc.? from readers of THE REVIEW) will find the third issue, which 2. List important tasks in your com- What elements in our national life came out in July, of even greater munity which are done cooperatively retard efforts toward world peace? value, since it fits in with the two by churches and which can be consid- study themes for this year and ered as home mission tasks according January to June outlines feature provides excellent auxiliary and to the interpretation in this course, "Treasures Next Door-the Lay of the source material instead of spegiving attention to any tasks at- Land" : "Beyond the Rio Grande," cific methods as heretofore. It tempted competitively. "The Pearl of the Caribbean," "Cos- reports the main addresses given mopolitan Argoentina." "Libertv-Lov- at the February meeting of the 3. Study one cooperative orgoaniza- ing Paraguay" and "Treasures Sought Council and falls under the foltion like the Home Missions Council, and Found." Some of the questions lowing four heads: Federal Council of Churches, Mission- are: ary Education Movement, etc. 1. The address of Dr. T. P. H. What effect do the economic condi- Sailer of the Missionary Educa- 4. In parallel columns list the rela- tions of Puerto Rico have upon the tion Movement, on "The Situative advantages and disadvantages of Church? tion in China" and starts from denominational emphasis in the home this keynote: "The Chinese mission enterprise; of interdenomina- Has our country's attitude in the Church is too frequently giving tional cooperation. conflict between Paragouay and Bolivia its efforts to an imitation of been consistent with the teachings of the conventional forms of the 5. Discuss: If it could be demon- our missions? Church in the West rather than strated that it would be for the g'ood studying and meeting needs. of the cause of Christ in your com- How can the U. S. as a nation pro- Many Christian leaders, Chinese munity if your church were' disbanded mote friendly relations with Latin and foreign, gave testimony to and the members taken into another American peoples? this effect. . . . What should Protestant church, what &r'!'Uments be the Christian policy under for and against the plan would you ad- Some of the projects under "Reach- such circumstances?" The disvance? ing' Outwprd" are: cussion of this theme and also of Mrs. Heubner's complete outline Seek living treasures in your own gives many more assiO'nments and a church and community in a quest for very comprehensive biblioO'r3nhv. Ex- those who will share actively in memcerpts from her course on "Christi3n bership and service. youth in Action," l1S taugoht in July, at Lake Koronis, Minnesota, will ap- Send stories, books of travel, biogpear next month. raphy, handicrafts, the classics, etc., to the Methodist Episcopal Board of For- SEF.'KTN''''- T.TVTNG eign Missions, 150 Fifth Ave., New TREASURE Th~ United Chrh;tlan Mi<1sionary Society is working- lln~er a three-year program on "Treasure Seeking." The keynote last

the situation in Japan is detailed tive outline last year, their sub- -may be used to paste little outand authoritative and throws ject matter being divided into line bottles on whenever mismuch light on the matter of "Re- five- and ten-minute talks: sion stations at definite points Thinking Missions." are mentioned. Contrast with Opportunity. Vast, unchristianized the size of the world the few sta- 2. A panel discussion of home regions of our country considered and tions we maintain. missions participated in by Dr. pressing needs emphasized. Charles H. Heimsath; Dr. W. R. Expressional work may well King, Executive Secretary of the Charity. Large amount used in be the dressing of nurse and doc- Home Missions Council; Dr. J. medical mission work, etc. Brand in- tor dolls or the makiing of scrap- L. Lobinger, Chairman of the dispensable. books for children in hospitals Department of World Fellowship either here or in foreign lands. in the Congregational Education Spirituality. None of better quality. Visiting a real hospital, if one is Society; Miss Anne Seesholtz, Its company endeavors to make brand available, and making sunshine Executive Secretary of the Coun- more popular especially with students. boxes (filled with little toys, letcil of Women for Home Mis- (Deals with religious education, evan- ters, pictures, cards, etc., done sions; Rev. J. S. Stowell, Direc- gelism, etc.) up in separate packages and tor of Publicity of the M. E. marked to be opened at different Board of Home Missions, as well Unity. Increasing demand for this times) for use among crippled or as a number of people in the au- brand. Its lack one of greatest deter- charity patients would be a dience, the report indicating the rents to foreign missionary progress. prime expression. Some patients several contributions by identify- would be allowed to have fruits ing designations. Finer mate- Prosperity. Comparatively modern and candies. Playing games rial on the theme, "What is the brand grown by horticulturists under with the patients in hospitals for future of Home Missions in the direction of Christiani-tea Company. cripples is another activity, the light of the increased emphasis (Agricultural missions.) games being, of course, all of a on social relations"? can scarcely sort to be played sitting still. be found anywhere, and not only Brands of rival companies laymen but pastors and teachers were: Conformity (custom-fol- A suitable program for the inof mission study classes will lowing, as in China); Modernity spirational meeting might be as benefit by reading it carefully. (young China's flair for new follows : ventures); Infidelity (Russian 3. The address by Rev. S. brand in particular). A Chinese Hymn, "Rescue the Perishing," or Franklin Mack of the Presbyte- figure cut out of wall paper was "The Great Physician," followed by rian Board of Foreign Missions used to carry the program, name prayer. on his recent trip taking motion and date of each meeting being pictur€;s in Latin America for inscribed. Devotional lesson on "Jesus heals use in the interdenominational and then the disciples try." study of the current year dis- Crusaders of Compassion cusses at length (a) "The Re- Discussion of Presbyterian (or ligious Sit u a t ion in Latin This program for Juniors may whatever the denomination may be) America," and (b) "Protestant be held out of doors around a hospitals around the world, using map Achievements and Prospects" in camp fire, hence it fits in well as indicated. a fine, appreciative critique. with the present season. Stories of medical missionaries, taken Prayer for the sick, doctors, nurses, 4. A discussion by Dr. and from study books or the pam- native helpers, salvation of souls Mrs~D. C. Baldwin of their work phlet literature of your denom- through this ministry of healing, etc. among college students in Amer- ination may be divided into secica, with a view to throwing light tions and assigned to good talkers Dramatizations of little medical mison the facts as obtained from the in the membership; or if the sion incidents, in costume, may be students themselves, facing and stories seem a bit long, invite made very effective. analyzing the difficulties and sug- some intermediate members to gesting ways of meeting them. tell them. Seat audience around -Adapted from outlines by Miss College pastors and counselors a camp fire and have recreational M. Katherine Harris, in will find this particularly helpful. songs for the warming-up, then "World Comrades." lead into a good hymn before be- The mimeographed fourteen- ginning the program. After the J. Hudson Taylor said that the page report is sold at the cost story-telling, s,ing again, then following are necessary to the price of 25 cents. Address Miss quietly have your Scripture equipment of a missionary: Ruth HeinmiIIer, 2969 West 25th study and close with a prayer St., Cleveland, Ohio. before the social f eat u res. A life yielded to God and controlled Toasted marshmallows make a Christiani-tea Company good climax. Another group by His Spirit. might use the topic, "Bibles and The women of the First Bap- Pill Bottles," the program being A restful trust in God for the supply tist church of Hillsdale, Mich- written on paper cut in the igan, used the following attrac- shape of a pill bottle with pic- of all needs. tures of hospitals, nurses, etc., pasted on duplicate pages tied A sympathetic spirit and a willing- together with the colors of the organization. A good map of the ness to take a lowly place. world – homemade or otherwise Tact in dealing with men and adap- tability to circumstances. .

Zeal in service and steadfastness in discouragement.

Love for communion with God and for the study of His Word.

Some experience and blessing in the Lord's work at home.

A healthy body and a vigorous mind.

~'====~~====='~

BULLETIN OF ; The Council of Women for Home Missions ~=I=============================I~ ANNE SEESHOLTZ, EXECUTIVE SECRETARY, 105 EAST TWENTY-SECOND STREET, NEW YORK'

Setting-Up Conference for group their experiences, point- The discussion of the use of ing out the importance of the re- the 1935 vacation church school , Migrant Work lation of the Council staff to the migrants themselves, to the em- text for nursery and kinder- A dream of the Council of ployers and to the local commu- garten school, "Let's Go Out-of- Women for Home Missions be- nities. Thus the group was Doors," was led by Miss Frances came a reality this year when oriented in a measure to the sitabout thirty young men and uation in which they would find M. Hedden, Director of Chilwomen, who were soon to serve themselves. Now they were dren's Work, New Jersey Counin migrant camps in the East, ready for help in building pro- cil of Religious Education. met at Salvedale Camp, Califon, grams for the various aged New Jersey, for the first setting- groups in migrant camps-pro- Then, Miss Jeannette E. Perkins, up conference for migrant work, grams that would really develop member of the Editorial Staff, June 22-26. These were to be physical, mental and spiritual Congregational Publishing Sodays of preparation for Chris- strength. The faculty, all spe- ciety, and head of the Primary tian service among the migrant cialists in various fields, did an people in Delaware, Maryland, outstanding piece of work. They Department, Riverside Church, New Jersey, New York and Con- caught the spirit of enthusiasm New York City, suggested ways necticut through the summer of the group. The first and sec- of using "Exploring God's Outand early fall. These young peo- ond evenings Miss Marguerite ple, graduates and undergrad- Hazzard, head of the Depart- of-Doors," the 1935 vacation u ate s, represented Columbia ment of Church School Music, church school text for primary University, Mt. Holyoke College, School of Sacred Music, Union Sarah Lawrence College, Syra- Theological Seminary, showed children. She also fascinated cuse University, Bennett College, how to teach songs to groups, the group with her lesson in State Teachers Colleges of New taught a number of songs that spatter work and blueprinting. Jersey and New York, Biblical they in turn could teach, and Seminary, New Jersey College suggested many others suitable As the majority of the chilfor Women, Bucknell University, for the various age groups. She dren at the migrant centers dur- Colgate – Rochester D i v i nit y helped the group to see the vital ing the daytime are of nursery, School, Yale Divinity School, part that music can play in the kindergarten and primary ages, Princeton Theological Seminary, program at a migrant center. Northern B apt i s t Seminary, Miss Marie Gaertner, head of Eastern Baptist Seminary, and [431 ] the Nursery School, New Jersey Hartford Seminary Foundation. Interesting also was the wide College for Women, gave the range of denominations repre- young people invaluable help in sented: Northern Baptist, Congregational – Christian, Pro t- methods of handling children of estant Episcopal, Mis sou r i these ages and various types of Synod Lutheran, United Lutheran, Methodist Episcopal, A. M. children-the friendly child, the E. Zion, Presbyterian U. S. A. shy child, the negative child, the and Reformed in America.

Although almost all were meeting for the first time, there seemed to be an unusual spirit of oneness in the group. For four days they worked, played, studied and worshiped together. Five former staff members who had served several summers in migrant centers reviewed for the

over-stimulated child, the fright- Work, led the group as they grower for his investment, risk, worry talked and thought together. and labor." ened child, the imaginary child, There were moments of quiet in the talkative child and the child the group, moments when each Experienced adult pickers are said with an inferiority complex. She one around that camp fire dedi- to make from $1.75 to $2.50 per day. cated himself to the task of mak- To those who say migratory workers illustrated story – telling and ing "more abundant" the lives should have more pay and better livshowed how to make toys and of the migrant people. ing conditions, the grower asks where playground equipment out of the additional money to provide these New Complication in the changes is coming from. He says with things at hand, such as cigar consumers in the cities demanding boxes, planks of wood, nail kegs Migrant Situation cheap food on the one hand, labor de- manding higher pay and better living and spools. The value of group The education, health, low conditions on the other, it is imposactivity with modeling clay was wages and living conditions, sible to satisfy both and stay in busi- have long been problems in the ness. Even today, the farmers say, also demonstrated. migrant situation. The relief the majority of their number are One evening Mrs. Newman, of program has brought a new com- heavily in debt. . . ." plication. To quote from the the Music Department of the New York Times, July 7, 1935: Labor Sunday Message, 1935 E. R. A. of New York City, Recent events in this extensive berry Excerpts from Message of demonstrated singing games and growing area (Hammonton, New Jer- Federal Council of Churches of community singing. At another sey) have focused public attention on Christ in America: session, Mrs. Pauline Rappaport, a situation that for many months has been the subject of much discussion in "But in the midst of our suf- Assistant Recreation Supervisor gatherings of fruit and vegetable fering a glorious truth shines of Bergen County, New Jersey, growers, whose crops are largely har- clear. For the first time in hugave excellent suggestions for vested by seasonal or migratory man history, man has the tech- workers. For many years labor of nical knowledge to solve his ecohandcraft both for little children this kind has been recruited without nomic problem. He can at last and older boys and girls. Prac- difficulty from metropolitan areas, en- provide sufficient material goods tically all of her suggestions tire families moving out into the coun- for an abundant life. Since the try to work as harvest hands as the depression the researches of could be followed out with very various crops matured. scientists and engineers, the findsimple equipment and could be ings of private and governmental Farmers contend that, with the ad- commissions, have been reiteratcompleted within a short space vent of emergency relief, it has be- ing this same basic fact. The of time, an important item with come increasingly difficult to obtain natural resources of the United harvest hands and other temporary States of America and the inchildren. labor. Matters came to a head here dustrial and agricultural equip- last week when, it is asserted, there ment are sufficient to give every While several of the other were not enough pickers available to man, woman and child the mamembers of the faculty touched move a raspberry crop variously esti- terial basis for the good life. Reon recreation, Mrs. Annetta mated to be worth from $300,000 to cent governmental estimates and Humphries, Recreation Super- $500,000. . . . other authoritative studies have indicated that had our plant been visor of Bergen County, New One criticism is that the farmer used to capacity in 1929 over Jersey, was exceedingly helpful underpays this help. This point has $4,000 in goods and services been made with respect to the two and could have been supplied to in showing how to teach games a half cents a pint the grower is pay- every American family. Neverto groups and she also taught ing for picking raspberries. . . . theless, 16,000,000 American families, or nearly two-thirds of games which were suitable for Another criticism the farmer has our people, actually received in the young people at the centers. faced bears on the living conditions on that year less than $2,000. . . . farms for migratory workers. From Health, a vitally important various sources it has been charged "Finally, the churches must that the camp-like environment in ceaselessly proclaim that out of part of the program was covered which the migrant workers live varies the heart are the issues of life. by Mrs. McLaughlin of the State all the way from "inadequate" to True religion must stand always Department of. Health in New "unspeakable." . . . not only against exploitation but against the very desire to ex- Jersey, and Miss Marie Doer- Support of the raspberry growers' ploit. The Christian religion mann, Specialist in Nutrition, contention that they cannot pay more demands now and must always Extension Work in Agriculture than two and a half cents a pint for demand that both human hearts picking was given by Professor J. and human institutions be conand Home Economics in New Harold Clark, small fruits specialist trolled and judged by that mind Jersey. Miss Doermann majored of the State Agricultural Experiment which was in Christ Jesus. . . ." on the planning of menus for Station at Rutgers University. Gross returns to the growers, he pointed out, Suggestions for the observance of lunches that would be tasty as have been six and a half cents a pint Labor Sunday and Bibliography may well as nutritious. Mrs. Mc- this season. Professor Clark said the be secured for five cents, from 105 Laughlin gave excellent sugges- grower would have to charge off one East 22d St., N. Y., N. Y. cent for the berry crate and boxes, tions for the care of babies in one-half cent for fertilizer, one-half the nursery, using a large doll cent for cultivation, hoeing and other for demonstration. growing costs, and another half cent for taxes, interest on investment and The last eve n i n g all met other overhead charges. around the camp fire to talk over the experiences of these days to- "This totals five cents a pint for all costs," Professor Clark said, "leaving gether, what these days of prep- one and a half cents a pint to the aration had meant, and the challenge of the task that each was about to undertake. Miss Laura H. Parker, Chairman of the Council's Committee on Migrant

'~I~~~~~~~~~~~~~~==~~~~~~

~~I_=====()==u=A=r=M=;xr=SiO=nO=ary=r=~d=ew=::V=~=!=~=:=c=ur=r~=mU=E=:=~~=s=o=k======_~~ JAPAN-CHOSEN John R. Mott in Japan than 17,000 members of the Union, which is established in The Far East Situa.tion As a result of Dr. Mott's re- many parts of the Far East. A cent conferences with the young J a pan e s e correspondent at Dr. Wynn C. Fairfield, Secre- Japanese, the following resolu- Tokyo states that Islam is still tary of the American Board, who tions were adopted and referred a long way from having any aprecently visited Asia, reports to the National Committee of the preciable standing in Japan. that, in general, Christian lead- Y. M. C. A. in Japan: Mohammedanism, he says, is ers take the whole Manchurian still classified in Japan among development as a fait accompli 1. Increased efforts to expand the the quasi-religions. unlikely to be reversed, and cer- work of the City Associations to new tainly not as a subject for con- centers, and to train the leaders for -Moslem World. tinued agitation on the part of such expansion. the Christian group. Even an Temperance League outstanding Christian, who care- 2. The adoption of a program that Anniversary fully refrained from defense of will elevate the quality of the present Japan, took the attitude that the student Associations. It is suggested Japan's Temperance League Christians had for years left the that the National Committee place a was 50 years old last April. The Manchurian question to the gov- student secretary in each important 16th National Conference was ernment. There is a general student center, or at least one man in held in Yokohama, where the satisfection with the successful each of the present districts. League was founded. The first negotiations for the transfer of session of the conference was in the Chinese Eastern Railway 3. Increase the number of student charge of the juvenile section of from Russia to Manchukuo. hostels. the League, and this was fol- This will clarify Japanese-Rus- lowed by a lantern procession in sian relations and make for 4. Adopt a program of leadership the evening. The public was peaceful understanding. training for Middle School Associa- surprised at the number of youth tions. enrolled in the movement, and The Christian group, as seen their ability and enthusiasm in in a number of personal inter- 5. A larger measure of cooperation promoting temperance. The views and larger conferences, with the various world-wide Christian N. T. L. is a reform movement seems to expect no further de- movements. of national importance, and with velopments in relation to China. government recognition is pro- Rather, the gaze is turned east- 6. Plan to establish Y. M. C. A.'s moting education for temperance ward, where the shadow of in industrial and rural regions. and purity in every nook and American militarism is pro- corner of Japan and her dejected. 7. Cooperate in the promotion of pendencies. ~mutual understanding among the na- Everywhere there was evi- tions of the world. Rebuilding Village Life dence of determined interest of Japanese, both Christian aI].d S. Study the possibility of pro- In proportion to her area and non-Christian, in better under- moting the Y. M. C. A. in Manchuria. population Japan has one of the standing and peacemaking. Rep- "Christian Leadership" and "Spiritual largest student bodies of any naresentatives of fifteen peace or- Habits" were discussed by Dr. Mott tion in the world. Tokyo alone ganizations met Dr. John R. with a force and persuasiveness that has 300,000 students attending Mott and expressed their strong moved every delegate to a new con- schools of various types and interest in the improvement of sideration of his own resources and grades. Japan has one of the understanding between Japan responsibilities. best organized educational sysand America. A representative tems in the world; her literacy of the Three Religions. Associa- Islam in Japan is 99.7 per cent. It is evident tions, formed in 1924, and in- that evangelism requires trained cluding Shintoists, Buddhists Almost 600 Moslems, includ- leaders. and Christians, quoted a Jap- ing Indians, Tartars, Turks and anese proverb: "If in a hurry, Japanese, have formed a Moslem Today, the Christian movego around." In international Union in Manchuria. The aim ment is reaching out into rural political matters, the way of is to preach the Koran in the Japan. During the past seventy rapid progress is to "go around" Far East, and the center of the years, Christian forces have through religion. -Advance. Union is at Tokyo. Little by concentrated their efforts in little they set up mosques and .schools in Tokyo, Kobe and other cities. The Japanese Govern- ment gave them free land for this purpose and provided teach- ers whose salaries were paid by the Government. In one of the Universities of Japan a special class with free scholarships to Moslem stu den t s has been opened by the Government.

At present, there are more [433 ]

cities and larger towns. Ap- entirely on the Presbyterian trained in Moo.dy Bible Institute, proximately 31,900,000 people Church in Korea and America. Chicago, and the Missionary live in 11,434 rural towns and The need for this Bible school is School of Medicine in Londo.n. villages. This inc Iud e s the great-to train Korean Chris- She Io.cated in Perigi, district of 1,450,000 fishing folk and the tian lay workers as evangelists Landak, built her own dwelling 450,000 miners, who are dis- and Bible teachers. and added a tiny dispensary. persed in these rural communi- She has also made prolonged and ties. Of the towns and villages, Some of the results of the arduous journeys into the far 9,127 lie beyond the range of work are shown in a letter from inland and untouched regions, by Christian influence. The Baptist the late Mrs. W. J. Anderson of means of coolies or bearers, Mission is in the initial stages Seoul: carrying food sup p lie sand of developing two Rural Life shelter. These journeys cover Demonstration Centers: one in Traveling over Korea the mission- new territory each time and last northern, and the other in south- aries frequently meet Pierson Bible as long as four weeks. Only the ern Japan. These projects aim School graduates who are doing effec- merest fringe of the territory at rebuilding the total life of the tive work. Mr. Oh, a blind student has been touched. village – agricultural, economic, had a class of twenty or thirty who social, moral and religious-on a met regularly at the Sung Dong The Scripture Gift Mission Christian basis and according to Church. The Koreans are great peo- sponsors this work and hopes to Christian principles. ple to follow the sun rather than the send another woman missionary clock, and on a dark, cloudy morning to join Miss van 't Eind. – Watchman-Examiner. service is very apt to be a half hour late in beginning; but these blind Suicide Among Dyaks Methodist Student Conference young men seem to have better sense of time than those with eyes, and they Unlike the Japanese who think The first All-Japan Methodist are always on time. After their Bible it co.urageous to take one's own Student Conference was held in study in one of the classrooms, they life, the Dyaks of Borneo think Tokyo during the summer, with come in to the church service. Mr. Oh it cowardly and shameful. The 60 delegates in attendance. married a widow with one little girl, following incident is to.ld in The a darling bright-eyed child dearly Pioneer: A committee was appointed to loved by all the blind boys. Her habit cooperate with the adult com- was to lead them into their places Some excited Dyaks summoned me mittees of the denomination in Sunday morning, always with a ra- to their long house and upon entering studying the needs, and ways of diant smile. I saw a strange sight. A Dyak woman meeting the needs, of students sat bolt upright against the wall. Her in Japan today, and particularly Rev. W. J. Anderson, of Seoul, eyes were closed, her head was tied to prepare for a larger and if is the new administrator of the against a board, her feet were tied possible an interdenominational Pierson Memorial Work. together, her hands were clasped bestudent conference in the near fore her. The woman was dead – a future. The significance of this Hospital Replaced suicide. I learned that because of first denominational national grief over the death of her husband student conference in this land Despite the destruction by fire and child she had drunk of the pulp lies in the fact that it testifies of the Southern Presbyterian of the tuba root, which brought her to the awakening of Japanese hospitals at K wan g j u and to a speedy end. churches to their responsibility Chunju, the medical work of the to students and youth; and indi- mission has had a most encour- I heard other Dyaks enter, then the cates that the churches as such aging year. At Kwangju a new sound of loud slapping and angry must hereafter be reckoned with building has already replaced the voices; the relatives of the suicide as important factors in the stu- old one, and the record for hos- stood over her corpse and beat it undent Christian movement in the pital operations was greater mercifully, accompanied with loud de- Japanese empire. than the total number during the nunciation of her action, inasmuch as previous two and one-half years. it was a disgrace to all her relatives. -The Christian Century. In cramped, temporary quarters, 137 operations were performed. Usually the Dyaks bury their dead Pierson Memorial Bible School in rough boxes made from trees. To There has been a marked in- sh6w their contempt in this case, they Owing to changed conditions crease in the members enrolled merely tied three boards together, in the church and missions in in mission schools. During the which served as a stretcher. The men Korea, the Methodist Missions year 1,451 communicants have hurried off with their sorry burden, (North and South) have with- been added, while 2,736 have off to a lonely grave apart from the drawn from the work of the been added to the catechumen others. There was no ceremony, no Pierson Memorial Bible School roll. The list of communicants lamenting, nothing but loud scolding. in Seoul and that institution is now stands at 13,318 in a Chrisnow entirely under the control tian constituency of 42,000. In the Dutch East Indies of the Presbyterians. This will • -Christian Observer. siUlPlify the problems of man- .In this area there are a comagement and teaching while it ISLANDS OF THE PACIFIC paratively small number of well places the financial responsibility developed Reformed churches bf Untouched Areas a strict Calvinistic type and a few smaller groups, such as the About two years ago a new Adventists, with adherents prin- area was opened to the Gospel by cipally in humbler circles. By Miss Greet van 't Eind who was far the greatest number o.f the Christians belong to. the General

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

Protestant Church. The old that he wanted to be christened largest Protestant denomination, East India Company had in its as soon as he was strong enough with 10,027,929 members. The time introduced the Reformed to walk to the church. Weare Methodists were second, with Church which was the prevalent especially rejoicing because this 8,976,492. The largest religious one at home in the Netherlands. man is influential in his commu- body in the country was still the The Company considered it to be nity." Roman Catholic Church, with its duty to foster not only the 20,398,509 communicants. matters of commerce and juris- The Year in the Philippines diction, but also those of religion. Contributions made by church It founded the first congregation The United Evangelical Church members for all purposes in in 1621 in Batavia. About the of the Philippines continues to 1934 amounted to $299,416,781, same time a Lutheran congrega- grow. Its slogan now is, "Uni- or $12.07 per capita. tion was organized. In the fication of all activities." The middle of the 19th century the organization of a National Chris- Church Effort for Children King of Holland succeeded in tian Endeavor Union and of sevuniting the Reformed and the eral district unions marks this The United Presbyterian Gen- Lutherans in one denomination. as a year of real progress for eral Assembly of 1935 appointed This church has done much good Christian Endeavor. One society a special committee to promote a in the course of three hundred has taken as its special project serious effort to reach all chilyears. The Dutch government the transportation expense of an dren in America with the Chrishas always fostered tbese church earnest Christian who goes each tian message. In Sterling Colinterests in the warmest manner, Sunday afternoon to the near-by lege, Kansas, thirty-four of the even in the case of occurring leprosarium and conducts a Sun- best students signed the followvacancies. In such times the day school for some of the 150 ing: government assumed the care lepers there. There were 9,429 for the vacant congregations, children enrolled in the 247 daily DECLARATION OF PURPOSE their church buildings and had vacation Bible schools in the even the cemeteries kept in area served by Presbyterian mis- It is my prayerful purpose to lead proper condition by prisoners. sionaries. In one congregation, at least 10 boys or girls into real 18 of the children so enrolled trust in Christ as Friend and Saviour Medicine Man Becomes united with the church. One through being a Leader of one or Christian section reports that accessions more Boys or Girls Clubs which I hope to organize. It is also my purpose to Dr. Hawkins K. Jenkins, of this year were 93 % more than help in all possible ways to extend the Saguda, P. I., writes of a signal knowledge and experience of Christ victory over native medicine the average for the seven years to all Children and Youth in America. men. preceding. There are 400 church-con- "One of them became seriously -Women and Missions. nected colleges in the United ill himself, and immediately be- States. If 34 students in each gan to offer sacrifices to evil NORTH AMERICA formed a similar resolution this spirits. He was a sincere be- would mean 13,600 volunteer liever in the teachings which he Churches Gain Over One leaders of boys and girls. had helped for years to pass on Million Members to those younger than he, so he Coverdale Bible Anniversary was quite puzzled when he found George Linn Kieffer, statistithat he derived no benefit from cian of the National Lutheran Over the signature of Robert the sacrifices. When it was Council and head of the Amer- E. Speer, John H. Finley, Wilquite evident that he would soon ican Association of Religious liam Allen White and Martha die unless something more effec- Statisticians, reports that church Berry, announcement was made tive could be done for him, he membership is increasing in the in July of the formation of a naasked to be brought to the hos- United States, and that the gain tional committee to sponsor a pital. There we found that he last year was the greatest since nation-wide commemoration of had a very large abscess of the 1930. the four hundredth anniversary liver, and advised that he be of the first printed English Bible. operated upon immediately. To There were 207 religious Dr. Finley, speaking for the comour great surprise he consented, bodies in the United States in mittee, stated, "On October 4, and now th!>t he is well again he 1934, with a total adult member- 1535, the first printed English is one of the most ardent sup- ship of 62,035,688. These bodies Bible, a translation by Myles porters of the hospital. Shortly added 1,222,064 members. The Coverdale, was issued from the before leaving the hospital he Methodist Episcopal Church, press. During the four centuries told me that he wanted to be- with an increase of 210,475, since that date, it has not only come a member of the Church, headed the list of Protestant de- surpassed in circulation any that he was no longer satisfied nominations. The B apt i s t other book in the world, but has with worshiping evil spirits and Church, which had previously profoundly influenced the lives been first, came second with a of peoples and the ideals of gov- gain of 161,720. The Lutherans ernments. Regional, state, city were third with 101,118. The and church committees through- Baptists continued to be the out the country will arrange suitable programs."

New Bible Society dren carrying heavy burdens of great need of new departments Headquarters pain, suffering, hunger, adnidsesaosre~ of research and medicine. The debt, ignorance, terror, Scudder family has given 400 The American Bible Society years of medical service through has purchased a six-story build- row. medical missionaries in India. ing at 450 Park Avenue, New York, as its general office, li- Rev. James Myers, in his ad- At another "Round Top" sesbrary and salesroom for Scrip- sion Mrs. Peabody spoke of the ture'S. The new location in a dress, said that "missionaries danger of war between Italy and fireproof building will not only Ethiopia, and said that the safeguard the Society's records have ~v.er been the shock troops Treaty of Bethlehem rather than and library containing Scrip- the Treaty of Versailles is the tures in 639 languages and dia- of relIgIOn. They are Christians only hope of peace, as the only lects but will enable it also to successful internationalism is make exhibits and displays of its unafraid, and know how to face that under the leadership of the rare manuscripts and editions Prince of Peace. which for many years have been loneliness, misunderstanding left for safekeeping with the Hungarian Church Celebrates New York Public Library. The persecution, danger, martyrdom' Society hopes to occupy the new The First Magyar Reformed building in the fall, so that it and death in the supreme loyalty Church under the shadow of may be used in connection with Cornell Medical Center in New the celebration of the Four Hun- to Christ. As the church turns York City, is celebrating three dred Years of the Printed Eng- anniversaries this year. The lish Bible from October to De- now with missionary zeal and work was begun 80 years ago cember. when Kossuth visited the United courage and sacrifice to the high States. Forty years ago the members of this church formed adventure of the abolition of war, we may look forward with renewed assurance to the final victory of peace and goodwill among men."

The 2000 people in the parade pledged themselves as follows: "Because I cannot reconcile the Way of Christ with the practice of war, I pledge myself before God to work for the abolition of war as a method of settling international dis- A Demonstration Against War putes and to insist upon the use by a permanent organization, and 20 years ago the new building A dramatic demonstration all governments of the machinery of was erected. against war was impressively peace to maintain international jus- tice and goodwill."

presented by the Northfield Mis- Women's Conference at Manhattan's Abyssinian Northfield Church sionary conference on July 11th. A special Women's Confer- The Abyssinian (Negro) The Peace Parade was hailed as ence was successfully arranged Church in Harlem, New York, this year in connection with the added 771 members last year "an omen of profound signifi- General Conference (July 27- giving the church an enrolled August 12). Mrs. William R. membership of 12,808. The cance in the religious crusade for Moody was chairman, with Mrs. church raised from all sources Henry W. Peabody cooperating, $33,120.76; $8,584.62 of this a warless world." and nearly 300 women regis- amount went to benevolences. tered for the morning sessions. The church ended its fiscal year The Parade for Peace started The general topic was "The Bi- with a surplus of $1,160. ble Our Message: Everyone a at Round Top, the grave of Messenger." This church has a staff of twenty-nine paid workers, in- Dwight L. Moody, pas sed Speakers inc Iud e d Mrs. cluding t'WJ missionaries in Li- Moody, Mrs. Peabody and Mrs. beria, Africa. It gave last year through the village of East Delavan L. Pierson, who has re- $900 toward the support of the cently visted New Guinea, India, Chair of Religious Education at Northfield and back to the camp- and other fields; Mrs. John F. Virginia Union University. It Williamson, of the Westminster owns a home for its aged memus. The Cross was borne in the Choir School; Miss Gnanadi- bers at 732 St. Nicholas Avenue, kam, M.A., of the Madras Wom,.. Manhattan, and all its properties front followed by the massed col- are free of debt. The pastor for an's Christian College, India. 27 years, Rev. A. Clayton ors of the Church, the flags of On August 4, meeting was de- Powell, celebrated his 70th birth- voted to the medical work of Dr. day anniversary May 5 and dothe nations, missionaries from Ida Scudder of Vellore, India, nated $1,000 to the Home for the who has spent thirty-five years Aged which is named after him. many lands, many nationals in in South India and has opened a native costume, students, nurses, delegations from churches with- in a radius of fifty miles and the 600 members of the Missionary Conference. Salvation Army bands furnished the music.

The most striking float de- picted Flanders Field with rows of crosses, each one bearing a silver dollar sign and the Dsolollgaarn~ "Munition Makers Reap -Others Reap Death." The bowed figure of a "gold star mother" in heavy mourning sat Christian medical college that in the foreground. The final has sent out nearly 200 graduate The First American Foreign float, with the slogan, "Genera- Indian women doctors, all of Missionary tions of Children Bear the Bur- them Christian. An endowment Susan Elizabeth Kaske, wife of dens of War" showed the chil~ is being sought and there is George Kaske, was the first na-

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

tive-born Protestant missionary Mohammedan Association (that strength of the institution. to go out from America to a for- is, Russian Tatar Moslems) in Starting with six members in eign land. The Moravian Church Brooklyn, a three-story wooden 1830 there are now over 700,000. of Bethlehem, Pa., founded in building; and the only Moslem With its branches and missions 1741, sent her with her husband newspaper is El Bayan, pub- it records nearly 2,000 church in 1746 to South America where lished in New York City, with a organizations. There are seven they served in British and Dutch circulation of 2,000. temples where the inner rites Guiana. Susan E. Funk was are performed. The church uses born November 18, 1721, in Ger- Leaders strive to present a the radio, printed page and the mantown and moved to Bethle- new and more or less enlightened rostrum as channels for its meshem in 1843. On May 12, 1746, Islam, keeping in the back- sage. There is a system of relishe married George Kaske, and ground aspects at variance with gious education second to none, they went to work among the modern ideas, e. g., the position starting with the Sunday school, Indians of South· America in of women. The number of con- continuing through the seminary Berbice, Demarara. They la- verts must be less than 10,000; for week-day religious instrucbored there until 1763 and Mrs. it is not to be expected that tion ; and cuI min a tin g in Kaske died in Bethlehem, Pa., on Islam can be more successful Brigham Young University. July 28, 1804. here than in Europe. -Presbyterian Banner. Recently on June 2, 1935, the -G. H. Bousquet, in "The Women's Missionary Society of Moslem World." LATIN AMERICA the Bethlehem church celebrated its 117th anniversary. Ozark Mountain Children Work for Puerto Ricans Taught Bible Moody Institute Lectures A united evangelistic cam- Hugh B. Reid, of Carthage, paign has been carried on in A new venture is to be Mo., writes that through the co- Puerto Rico in a very unique launched by the Moody Bible In- operation of rural public school way this year by the churches of stitute of Chicago, September 5, teachers he is reaching more five cooperating denominations. according to the President, Rev. than 11,000 children of south- These services, extending over Will H. Houghton, D.D. The western Missouri with a Chris- several weeks, p r act i c a II y plan involves the visit of a num- tian program. About 5,000 of brought the presence of Christ to ber of Bible teachers and church- these receive no other Christian the entire area where Protestant men of unusual prominence, each training. Mr. Reid reports that churches are located. The final serving a one-month lectureship. results' of this campaign have They will be especially stim- 585 families were called upon. not been tabulated, but Dr. Arulating and informing to pas- 460 pieces of clothing were given chilla reports that the number of tors, evanglists and other Chris- accessions should reach at least tian workers who aspire to a to the needy. a thousand. greater mastery of the art of 81 toys were given at Christmas. expository preaching. Among 470 addresses were made. The Puerto Rican church, althem are the following: Dr. Wil- 63,000 pages of reading material were ways aggressively evangelistic liam Evans, expositor, author and missionary, was responsible and lecturer on Bible themes; given away. a number of years ago for the Dr. B. B. Sutcliffe, Bible class 634 books, and more than 1,300 opening of work in the Dominiteacher; Dr. Harry A. Ironside, can Republic. The Presbyterian a clarion voice in the field of ex- Bibles, Testaments and Gos- mission is now proposing to position, pastor of the Moody pels were distributed. carry the gospel in Spanish to Memorial Church, Chicago; and 48 were added to Cradle Rolls, and the Puerto Ricans who have col- Dr. Wilbur M. Smith, editor of 92 to Young People's So- onized in the Virgin Islands if Peloubet's Notes. cieties. finances permit. Representa- 6 new schools, with an enrolment tives of the presbytery have vis- Islam in America of 216 were added. ited the island of Santa Cruz, 48 conversions resulted from 5 re- have preached there and discov- It is impossible. to know the vival meetings; and 30 from ered that there are 150 members exact number of Moslems in the 27 Vacation Bible Schools in of the church in the colony of United States; perhaps 25,000 which over 900 were enrolled. several thousand. is a fair estimate. The largest 169 took a leadership t r a i n i n g center is probably Detroit, with course. Baptist Work in Puerto Rico 10,000. There are about 2,000 10,700 Bible verses were memorized in Pittsburgh, 3,000 in Cleve- by school children. The Watchman-Examiner reland, 5,000 in greater New York, 8 institutes were held. ports advance on all fronts in 2,000 in Massachusetts, 500-600 7 teachers' conventions and Puer·to Rico. There were more in Rhode Island. The only real 145 rural public schools were vis- baptisms than for several years. mosque which exists today in ited. The Sunday school attendance is America is that of the Anglo- the largest in the history of the Mormonism work. Offerings have moved To most Americans Mormon- ism is a curiosity. "But," says Dr. W. M. Paden, "it is more than that. It is the largest, wealthiest, best located, best or- ganized, most aggressive of all the false religions of America." Not everyone is aware of the

upward and church membership The balance of their sustenance mander of Jutiapa was an enemy continues to increase. they make up by tenant farming of the gospel and when Don Jose and odd jobs. The Campaign began to offer Scriptures for During the year representa- shares in the expenses of fur- sale… the commandant took him tives of the various denomina- nishing free rent and firewood to jail, struck him twice on the tions working in the island made for the transients, and thus se- head, pulled his hair, and said, a tour, covering the greater part cures the opportunity of making "What do you mean by preachof the work of all denomina- suggestions as to sanitation and ing without my permission?" tions; this was followed by four of asking for reports on the Don Jose replied that the law days of conference – review of number and nature of the con- gave him perfect liberty to the past, evaluation of the pres- tacts made at each lodge. Cam- preach. "Oh," said the coment and plans for the future. paign evangelists make regular mandant, "you know more than visits to the lodges to help the I do." "No," responded Don Cuban Pastors' Conference lodge keepers make our Lord Jose, "you know that as well as known to the travelers, and then 1." The commandant hunted for Last winter Cuban pastors follow up prospects in their the jail keys. Don Jose told him called a meeting of representa- homes. Well located lodges are he would not run away, but the tives from every church organ- operating in s eve r a I places. keys were found and the doors ization throughout the entire Re- Since its opening in March the locked, and five guards placed in public to form an association of San Pedro house has been the charge! The faithful worker evangelical ministers and work- means of reaching 171 Indians sang hymns and read his Bible. ers for the purpose of promoting with the Word of God in direct In the morning he was released cooperation am 0 n g religious personal evangelization. and ordered not to preach, but to groups. Foreign missionaries leave town. Don Jose made no were invited to attend, but it was A Steadfast Indian promises, but went out and sent in every sense a distinctly Cuban a telegram to the President of movement. Plans are made to Work among the Cakchiquel the Republic, asking if he had a put this into effect throughout Indians of Guatemala was men- right to preach the gospel. The the six provinces of Cuba dur- tioned in the REVIEW some time reply came quickly and read as ing the next year. ago. About 100 preaching cen- follows: "You have liberty to ters are now estaollshed, and a preach the gospel as long as -Presbyterian Banner. Bible school has trained 25 grad- peace is not disturbed." uates. The quality of the con- "Over Night Lodge" verts is apparent in the story of Eventually,arrangements were Don Macario, evangelist. Some made for public meetings; at the The Guatemala News indicates years ago a man knocked at his first, twelve persons accepted the possibilities in a work called door about midnight. When Christ. "Flop Houses for Indian Tran- Macario opened the door he was sients." Migrant groups of In- struck with a machete which al- -Moody Institute Monthly. dian laborers and their families most severed a cheek bone from huddle around their little camp his face. He was taken to the White Ribbon Mission Work fires at night along the road- hospital at Antigua and after a sides, or in the public squares of few months returned home, Missionaries find that the the towns. The dirt floors of the healed but with disfigured face. Woman's Christian Temperance open thatch roofed sheds along He began preaching in his home Union is the right hand of the the highways are often very and a mob of several hundred church in many foreign lands. damp and always vermin in- tore down the house. But he has fested. .Even in the towns the the Indian persistency. The In Japan alone there are ten corridors of the public buildings house was rebuilt, and eventually thousand women members of where the Indians sleep on the the town ceased opposition to this brganization, and thousands brick paving are exposed to the him and his preaching. About of young people and children in fury of the elements and afford 125 worshipers assemble at his the various branches. Twenty little in the way of shelter. Ex- home every Sunday. thousand men are united in the haustion may induce a few hours masculine Temperance League, of disturbed slumber despite the -So S. Times. largely as the result of the efnight life of bugs, rodents, dogs; forts of the W. C. T. U. As a but between two and four o'clock Open Door in EI Salvador result of their activity, a law was in the morning the cold becomes passed in Japan a number of so pentrating that the migrants For some time special prayer years ago forbidding minors to are glad to be up and going. had been offered for Cabanas, smoke or drink. There are three with its population of over temperance periodicals-one for Christian evangelists have in- 66,000. men, one for women, and one for stituted the over-night lodge children. Besides the direct war which has become largely self- About a year ago a colporteur, against alcohol, tobacco and supporting. A Christian family Don Jose Escamill,a, made a drugs, members have attacked in charge does a simple lunch passing visit to Jutiapa, a town the social evil most vigorously, counter business which provides of over 3,500. The military com- have established rescue homes, for a part of their own table.

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

two women's homes, hostels for and conditions in these homes has also a much improved rev- have shown improvement almost enue. On the other hand the factory girls, a sailors' resort, immediately. Methodist Society shows a deand a social centre, all of which ficiency of £ 5 8 , 0 0 0, but its is testimony to the fact that -Flora E. Strout, Rio de friends believe it is only a tem- Christians realize that social Janeiro. porary deficit. evils are among the greatest hindrances to the progress of the EUROPE Calvin Anniversary Gospel in Japan. Youth's Mission to Youth The summer of 1936 will wit- In Singapore, the W. C. T. U. ness a great pilgrimage to established child welfare work, The twenty-fourth anniver- France by American Presbyand in the exhibitions temper- sary of the National Young Life terians, Scottish Calvinists and ance always has a prominent Campaign of Great Britain members of Reformed Churches place. Colombo, Ceylon, has a brought out the fact that this in all parts of the world to comcounter-attraction to the saloons movement is definitely passing memorate the 400th anniversary in a large working man's resort, from the experimental stage, and of John Calvin's "Institutes of where three hundred men gather is becoming a strong evangeliz- Religion." It was in August, each day for the classes, lectures, ing agency. During the years 1535, that Calvin, then only 26 games and delicious refresh- since the War the N. Y. L. C. has years old, dedicated to King ments. In India, Egypt, Pales- developed in various ways, such Francis I, of France, his vigtine, in every place where the as the additions to headquarters orous exposition of the Christian Gospel is preached, the W. C. staff, voluntary evangelists, the faith. From March 15 to April T. U. assists in conquering the missIonary service and training 15 the French National Library social enemies of men, women fund for helping young people will feature a Calvin exhibition and children. to enter missionary service. of manuscripts, books and other Churches are according in- documents. There will be Cal- In 1894, the W. C. T. U. was creased recognition of the value vin memorial celebrations in born in Brazil. In 1925, it was of its service. other cities than Paris, notably reorganized under the name of Noyon, his birthplace, and Ge- UnHlo Brasileira Pr6-Temper- The number of actual cam- neva, Switzerland, where he anc;a with some of the most intel- paigns in the past year num- spent most of his life. ligent women in Rio de Janeiro bered fifty-seven, beside those on the national committee. It carried out by teams from the -Missions. influences all sorts and condi- London School of Evangelism tions of men even. For the last and a Liverpool team of young Russia Rediscovers Values three years during the carnival men doing similar work in their spare time. The income for the That a new Russia is emerging season, Government has not per- year showed an increase of £500. from the Soviet chrysalis apmitted anything stronger than The most encouraging feature is pears to some observers. Signs beer to be sold to the people on the increasing zeal for evangel- are multiplying that she is trekthe street and only allowed wine ism of the members themselves. king back to the safe and sane and champagne to be served There are now more than 300 principle that the family is the with food in the clubs. This who have entered either the min- corner stone of civilized society, year gambling was added to the istry or the foreign mission field and one of these signs is the prohibitions. since the War. fact that "Romeo and Juliet" may now be played in Moscow During temperance wee k, Increased Mission Funds theaters. Says the Boston Tranthere are talks over the radio, script: "People won't play at bemoving pictures on scientific For the most part the leading ing robots forever. They've got temperance, essay and oratorical missionary organizations 0 f to have music and novels and contests. The barracks are not Great Britain show increased in- plays and fairy tales and relionly open to talks at this time, come for the past year. The gion. The rulers of the Soviet but their own doctors give the London Missionary Society re- are, little by little, retreating soldiers and police accurate in- cords an increase of £6,324 in from their earlier position; they formation in periodical lectures. contributions during the past fi- are beginning to recognize that nancial year-the first increase man cannot live by bread alone." The schools are always open to after seven years, during which temperance propaganda, and the the income has been going down. Crowded churches last Easter, pupils become temperance mes- The bulk of the increase is from without consequent molestation sengers to their homes. So in- personal donations, but contri- on the part of government, seems formation grows and the results butions from the churches have to show that hostility to religion are little short of miraculous. increased as well. Baptists re- is weakening. Children who had port a £5,000 increase. The lately been rewarded for betray- In a very poor district, where C. M. S., which keeps its total ing their parents to authorities much of the poverty is caused by cash receipts together, has an must now be taught to honor drink, the children have carried increase of £51,654. The S. P. G. their fathers and mothers. information concerning the evils of alcohol with the result that cachac;a (national whiskey) has been banished in some instances

AFRICA fore next meeting of the confer- out how the cinema can best be ence three years hence, to evan- used as an instrument of adult Moslems Copy Christians gelize effectively the whole of education and recreation adapt- the large areas in their care; so ed to the needs and mental equip- Mohammedans are seeking to that it could be reported that ment of the African. African emulate Christianity in doing for every village and hamlet, even Missions have much to gain by the blind similar work to that every isolated farm or com- the success of this project, which being done in Egypt by medical pound, in these areas had re- should furnish them with a new missionaries. A note in Al Ah- ceived the Gospel. The growth instrument to use in their work. ram reads: "Students of the of opposing forces was the im- Specialists' Department of the pelling motive. South Africa Sunday-School Higher Training College at Shu- Association bra have formed a society for The question of one African combating blindness and in- Church for Nigeria has faced the Wayside Sunday schools are structing the blind. They ap- Conference for some years, and a prominent part of the work peal for the blind to be sent to it was agreed that the most carried on by the South African them." helpful course to follow in the National Sunday-School Associa- meantime would be to develop tion. In Port Elizabeth there Visit to Algeria among the Christians the con- are now thirteen such schools sciousness of unity that already with an enrolment of 7,000 chil- Rev. W. L. McClenahan, of exists, and to that end it was de- dren each Sunday, and in Cape- Egypt, writes of a visit in Al- cided to hold spiritual life con- town there are five with an avergeria, covering about 1,200 ferences, and to publish a Chris- age attendance of 400. One waymiles with a view to assisting in tian periodical in Hausa, which side Sunday school in Port Elizathe work of evangelization, to would give accounts of work and beth has gone so far as to hold a gain further knowledge as to the blessing all over the field, thus service every Sunday afternoon needs along that line so as to promoting the sense of oneness for Indian women, another conhelp in prayer those already on in Christ Jesus. ducts a wayside Sunday school the field; also to furthering in- on Saturday afternoon which has terest on the part of those who Twenty-seven delegates from an attendance of sixty or seventy might themselves go out and give six societies were in attendance. white children. Noon day lunch a hand in the work. meetings of Sunday school teach- -The Christian. ers is another feature of the As- "One thing that attracted our sociation's work. attention," says Dr. McClena- Motion Pictures for the Bantu han, "was the simplicity of the -The Presbyterian. methods used by missionaries in The International Missionary their work. The contacts they Council's department of Social F have with the people are ob- and Industrial Research has just tained through open-air markets, embarked upon an experiment to WESTERN ASIA visits in the homes, classes for provide good cinema films for women and children, and in a Africa, with the help of a grant Sabbath Observance in few places 'homes' for children from the Carnegie Corporation Tel-Aviv and hostels for lads. In no case of New York. I believe have they entered to Tel-Aviv in Palestine is the any large extent into the field The first step will be the pro- only one hundred per cent Jewof education and medicine. Be- duction of films performed by ish city in the world. Sharp difing in a section of 'the land of native actors, the subjects of ference of opinion and practice the Vanished Church' the mis- which will relate to life and with regard to the religious obsionaries there are in a some- scenes familiar to the African. servance of the Sabbath apparwhat different position from that Some will deal with such prac- ently exists among the Jews of those in most Arabic-speaking tical subjects as improved meth- there, for recently riots took countries, where there are an- ods of poultry keeping, cattle place in the course of which, accient Christian communities, and raising, etc.; others will relate cording to the Jewish Daily Bulare thus able to work along to culture and a few will be pure letin, several persons were insimple, New Testament lines in comedy. The films will be shown jured. Orthodox Jews, it seems, the planting of churches." to selected Bantu audiences to paraded the streets on the Sab- discover the appeal made by dif- bath, and began to break the -A Thirsty Land. ferent types of pictures, and windows of all Jewish shops will be accompanied by a talkie which were open. They inter- Far-Reaching Decision commentary produced by syn- cepted taxis containing Jewish chronised gramophone records. passengers with the result that At the triennial Conference of street fights broke out requiring Missions in Northern Nigeria, The fullest possible coopera- the intervention of the British held recently at Miango, a reso- tion of the missions and govern- police authorities. In commentlution was adopted, urging that ment departments (Native Af- ing on this disturbance Jewish all the societies in the northern fairs, Education, Health, Agri- writers point out that on the Provinces should endeavor, be- culture, Veterinary) is being whole Jewish youth in Palestine sought in this enterprise to find

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

is antireligious. The orthodox established Evangelical Church of Bible Motor Caravan Jews are particularly indignant Iran. over the fact that Jewish youth The British and Foreign Bible in Palestine carryon sport ac- The Assembly rejoices to welcome Society has des i g ned and tivities openly on the Sabbath. to the fellowship of the Evangelical equipped a motor caravan which Church throughout the world, this new is to tour India, and possibly 'I'he Plight of the Assyrians church of Iran so largely the product Ceylon, selling Scriptures and of the work of the missionaries of the generally forwarding the work The Assyrians of Iraq (Meso- Board of Foreign Missions of this As- of the Society. The van carries potamia) are Christians – un- sembly . . . and assures the Church a large stock of Scriptures, seleceducated it is true, but profess- of its affection and prayers, and trusts tions of which are attractively ing to be followers of Christ in that by God's blessing the most glori- displayed behind glass panels in spite of persecution. Groups of ous days of Christianity in past cen- the side. There is s'eating ac- Assyrian Christians have fled to turies may be surpassed by the service commodation for f 0 u r passouthern France, Syria, Iraq and and faith of this new Church in Iran. sengers, in addition to the driver, elsewhere and most of them are and a sleeping berth for use living in dire poverty. The On August 19, 1934, was held when necessary. It is also European office for International the first meeting of the United equipped with a gramophone, Church Aid – in Geneva – is Evangelical Church of Iran. and a magic lantern for showing seeking to help these groups. The moderator of the Church, as slides on the Life of Christ and Some camps have been provided he took the chair, called upon the the work of the Bible Society. for Assyrian widows and or- delegates to keep clearly in mind Later it is hoped to include a phans in Iraq but in the villages that the one purpose of the meet- portable cinema outfit. Two or north and south of Mosul, 35,000 ing was the advancement of the three months will be spent in are living in misery. Few lands Church of Christ in Persia. each main language area workare willing to receive them. The ing in close cooperation with Universal Christian Council has On August 23d, the date of the local missions and churches. been trying to find a new home closing, a communion service The initial tour began in the for these people – in British was held, exactly 100 years to Madras Presidency in January Guiana-but there the climate is the day, since Rev. Justin Per- of this year, and during the two unsuitable. Western Christians kins arrived in Tabriz under the and a half months spent in the should not rest until this prob- appointment of the American Tamil country over 10,000 Scriplem is solved. Board of Commissioners for ture portions were sold. Foreign Missions. The service, PROF. ADOLPH KELLER. therefore, was a fitting close of -Dnyanodaya. the century. The sacrament To Beautify Holy Ci.ty was administered by one or- The Literacy Problem dained missionary and one or- Announcement is made of a dained national. The past and India's illiteracy problem is "five-year plan" to make Jeru- the future were thus joined. colossal, nearly 92 per cent of salem as beautiful as in the days her people being unable to read of the ancient Hebrew kings. INDIA or write. During the last ten The municipality of Jerusalem years the rate of increase in lithas obtained a half-million dol- Boycott of Hindu Gods eracy in India is one per cent. lar loan to aid in launching a Taking into consideration the program of civic improvements. At a Harijan Conference last rate of natural increase of the The funds are to be used in pro- population also, one is not sure viding a park system and for the April, a delegate, in moving a whether the net result of progimprovement of sanitary condi- ress in literacy is not in fact tions in the city. resolution to the effect that the progress backward. Even at the present rate of one per cent in- Evangelical Church of Iran Harijans of Hyderabad State crease in ten years, it would take 920 years before illiteracy can The Presbyterian General As- should strive their utmost to be removed from India. Only a sembly took the following action very small percentage of public at its meeting in Cincinnati in eradicate untouchability from revenue is available for mass May: education. Hinduism, declared that there The General Assembly has learned -Christian Century. with joy of the establishment of The was "a ID;'eaningless superstition Evangelical Church of Iran with its Poona's Colleges independent Synod and three presby- among Hindus that if an unteries, and has been happy at this ses- Poona has the reputation of sion of the Assembly to approve the touchable entered a temple, the having more colleges than any transfer of the Presbytery of Eastern other city of its size in the Persia, heretofore connected with the god in the temple would be pol- world. Its, population in 1931 Synod of New York and with the Gen- was 250,000. What has been eral Assembly of the Presbyterian luted, and he advised them to Church in the U. S. A. to the newly boycott such gods as were pol- luted by their touch."

The Conference also exhorted Harijans to eradicate drink and other evil customs. It was re- called that the Nizam's Govern- ment had already ordered the prosecution of those who offered girls as devadasis to goddesses, and that they should help the Government by reporting such cases. ' -Dnyanodaya.

described as India's premier non- some' terse statements which ters of the Han and Yangtze official educational institution, summarize the progress made, Rivers. Fergusson College, is also in with Christian missions the es- Poona. Its jubilee occurred last sential element: Northern provinces also con- April. The influence it has in tinued struggling to imprison modern India is indicated by the Has the best government which she the raging waters of the Yellow fact that during the fifty years has known since the founding of the River, "China's Sorrow," as it of its existence about 70,000 Republic in 1911. roared headlong to the sea, students have received their edu- crushing its barriers to engulf cation there. The Deccan Edu- Forty thousand miles of new roads immense districts of farmlands. cation Society is the parent of have been built in the last five years. this college; it also sponsors an- The report from Red Cross auother Arts College and four high Broad avenues have been cut thorities in Hankow combined schools in Poona. through the poverty-ridden sections of with reports from neighboring many of her cities. areas indicate uncounted thou- -Dnyanodaya. sands of Chinese who have per- "Clean-up campaigns" have im- ished in the Han and Yangtze Jubilee in Western Tibet proved the sanitation of a host of floods. towns and villages. The remoteness of western Government authorities an- Tibet from the civilized world The railroads, telegraphs and mails nounced that five northern provdid not prevent its inhabitants grow daily more efficient. inces of China have been devasfrom joining other loyal British tated, leaving about six million subjects in celebrating King Increasing education is lifting the people homeless. George's Silver Jubilee. Kye- moral tone of the people. lang, a Moravian Mission Cen- Ohinese Ohild Welfare ter, has never known an occa- The "New Life Movement" is stimsion comparable to it.. Early on ulating many reforms, such as the at- The first national Child Welthe morning of May 6 the Chris- tack on the opium trade which has fare Conference was held last tians assembled in the church taken place in many provinces. October, with 134 delegates from for a thanksgiving service, while 14 provinces in at ten dan c e. the Buddhist clergy met in their Although numbering only one Branch associations have been monasteries to read passages in a thousand of the population, organized in Peiping and Luanfrom their scriptures which they the Christian group has supplied hsien, and plans are under way thought would be appropriate. an astonishing proportion of the for one in Nanking. The secre- The c e Ie bra t ion included leadership of the co u n try. tariat handled 123 cases of child speeches from the missionary Fifty-one per cent of the college protection. In June, 1934, the and the headmaster of the Gov- graduates listed in Chi n a's Association attempted to proseernment Middle School, parades, "Who's Who" are the product of cute a professional dancer for various competitive sports, bon- Christian schools and colleges. cruelty to a six-year-old adopted fires and native costume dances. daughter. Although the court Everybody was out to enjoy him- A Year of Opportunity found the defendant guilty, it self, and did. Unlike many of was compelled to waive jurisdictheir social functions which de- Two years ago the Honan tion, as the Association lacks the generate to orgies of lust and Mission of the United Church of right to prosecute in accordance drunkenness, there was not the Canada opened a small hospital with the present criminal code. slightest trace of these vices in Taokow. During the first The Association therefore has during the two days' rejoicings. year 5,443 treatments were petitioned the Juridicial Yuan registered; the total cost being for this right to be given to child The people here, living under $3,206 Chinese currency, of welfare bodies. the administration of the British which $1,521 was received in Government, are more world- fees, the balance being taken The Shanghai Child Welfare aware than their compatriots in care of by Canadian friends. Clinic treated 12,344 patients; other parts of Western Tibet. Over 700 flood refugees were 1,818 children were given free The medical, educational and cared for the past two years. In baths; 1,611 children particimilitary activities of the Gov- addition, 52 expectant mothers pated in health club meetings; ernment, not to mention the in- from refugee camps were cared nurses made 414 calls on pafluence of the mission, have re- for, and every baby saved. tients at their homes. Since sulted in an understanding of the Schools were organized for teen- March 1, 1934, 4,654 cases were influx of Western ideas. age boys and girls from these handled in extension medical camps. From one point of view, clinic work. A child tuberculosis -Moravian Missions. the flood has been a blessing; section has been erected at the these sufferers have come under Ching Chong Sanitarium at OHINA influences they would otherwise Kiangwan. have missed. There are some Evidences of Progress 2,000 villages in the Taokow April 4th was widely observed field. -Honan Quarterly. as Children's Day, and 1935 is The American Board, under to be a Children's Year. the title, "China Changes," gives More Deaths by Flood -Chinese Recorder. In July reports from China stated that 30,000 bodies of flood victims had been assembled in the Hankow area alone. This indicates the toll, taken in Cen- tral China by the receding wa-

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

Through Eye Gate in Hong port shows how, at Yungkang, to send him as a Christian the aim of creating self-support- worker. He found a native hut Kong ing churches is being realized. in a splendid location near the Seven years ago the missionaries market, where he has been wit- Mr. H. Lechmere Clift of from Yungkang went home un- nessing for Christ ever since." Hong Kong, sees a unique op- able, for health reasons, to reportunity there, both of attract- turn. The Mission agreed not In another center a Christian ing the indifferent and of help- to send resident missionaries Annamese opened a barber shop ing missionaries. In a letter to there again, but to ask the work- in the market center, and wit- The Life of Faith he says: _ ers in Kinhwa to render what nessed to every customer who help they could. For one'or two came for a haircut. He gave his For years my dream has been to years not much happened, and home for a meeting place, and have a book-shop in the very heart of there were very little signs of thus a strong evangelistic center the business section of Hong Kong. progress. By and by, church has been established. The show windows of the shop are to leaders saw that they must have large open Bibles in English, either shoulder their responsi- -The Call. French, Italian, Portuguese, Russian, bility and throw themselves into Urdu and Chinese. Passengers of all the work, or face the possibility Religious Life at Nanking nationalities here change their ships of its discontinuance. Men and University and come ashore to see the sights. women voluntarily went every- where preaching and teaching, W. Reginald Wheeler writes of On the mainland itself, in the thick with the result that the church progress in the religious life of of Kowloon's residential flats, we al- has gone forward by leaps and Nanking University. All chapel ready have such a shop: and the bounds. Eight or nine new cen- service and classroom religious books, pictures, posters and open Bi- ters have been opened, and this instruction is on an elective bles attract the attention of the year 97 adults have been bap- basis. crowds of Europeans, Americans, Por- tized. All expenses are met by tuguese and Chinese passing by. Then church members. There has been a subsidence of the there are throngs of tourists and we anti-Christian attitude of previous could reach them also. Some hun- -China's Millions. years, but there is much still to be dreds of pounds a year would be re- done and won, and the battle is not quired to run such a shop. It would The Cambodia Field an easy one, either for Christian stube not a paying business from a com- dents or faculty. Those who choose mercial point of view, but a spiritual Mr. Jeffrey, of the Christian the Christian way of life have enenterprise: not bringing in monetary and Missionary Alliance, says gaged in a real conflict "and there are gain, but saving immortal souls, and that the past year's results in many adversaries." Here is a student proving a marvelous witness in a French Cambodia have been who had decided to become a Chrisgreat city given over to money-mak- most gratifying. The previous tian and be baptized. He comes from ing and pleasure. year had seemingly been the a family of wealth and influence. darkest in that field, but work None of his family are Christians; his China Mission Losses was established in four new father learns of his contemplated step places last year ; at Prey Nop, and the boy is compelled to drop out Missionaries and missionary center of a large district; at of this Christian University and go enterprises in China lost heavily Kampot, capital of the province; to a government institution. Here is in the failure of the American- and in two villages; in each another student, with a shining face, Oriental Banking Corporation place the way was opened un- to whom I am instinctively drawn. and allied companies last May. expectedly. "We were refused After class he comes to me and says: This enterprise was promoted by permission to open a chapel in "I want to be a Christian. How do Frank J. Raven and was known Prey Nop," says Mr. Jeffrey, you be a Christian?" The boy has as a "missionary bank" since it "but one day we drove out there had a difficult path since that decision, catered to missionary patronage. in company with some of our but he has stood firm and has been The China Weekly Review, Cambodian workers. As we baptized into the new faith. Such ex- Shanghai, says: "Not only have traveled along, we felt led to periences are both a challenge and a mission organizations suffered stop the car in the shade of the reward. potential losses on invested forest for a season of prayer. funds from $3,500,000 to $5,000,- While we prayed, one of our In the faculty there has bepn real 000, but thousands of individual workers broke down in tears, religious activity, though we still have missionaries scattered over the and in prayer offered himself to far to go. During the year two "reinterior have their retirement, God as 'a living sacrifice' for the treats" have been held; one in a home-vacation and educational opening of the work in Prey picturesque Buddhist temple. Seventy funds locked up in these enter- N op. Although a Bible school of the faculty, Chinese and foreigners, prises. . . . One of the maj or man and well versed in the met in this temple. During- the sinl!'- casualties of the Raven bank- Word, he was willing to go there ing' of one of the hymns an old Budruptcy was the American Epis- as an ordinary farmer, since the dhist monk made his way to the altar copal Mission which has ap- Government would not allow us in front of an image of the Buddha proximately $700,000 tied up in and placed a single stick of burning stocks and bonds of the defunct incense there, as if afraid this new companies." religion might displace the worship of one who had lived and taught cen- Self-Support Achieved turies before Christ.

The following extract from the MISCELLANEOUS China Inland Mission annual re- A Survey of Progress Canon Stacy Waddy, Secre- tary of the S. P. G., visited the

United States on a world trip to Cases arrested without defor- (b) Golden Rule observance of visit Anglican mission fields. mity, i. e., symptom free. . .. 1,054 Mother's Day, He reports steady progress in many places, notably the estab- Cases arrested with deformity 359 (c) Religion and Welfare Recovery lishment of a new diocese in Program. West Africa known as the Gam- Of the remaining patients bia. Further progress is indi- some became worse, or station- 3. Allocation of relief and welfare cated by increase in numbers, ary, and a considerable number funds as grants-in-aid to instituconspicuously in D 0 rna k a 1, left or died; 704 of the cases ar- tions and agencies recommended where 12,000 were baptized in rested without deformity were by the Committee on Research the year and where an assistant, discharged and 126 of those ar- and Survey. Bishop Elliott, has just been pro- rested with deformity. In addivided to aid Bishop Azariah in tion upwards of 6,900 lepers 4. Administration of Trust Funds for the enormous work of that dio- were treated as out-patients. Philanthropic Purposes. cese. -Without the Camp. Each year the program be- Looking to the future, Canon comes more practical, varied, far Waddy points out two factors in GENERAL reaching and strategic. Among missionary procedure, not new the 1935 objectives are: Feeding but of great significance. One The Bible Needs No Witness the hungry, healing the sick, reis migration. Races and groups lieving the underprivileged in of people have always moved In a letter to the New York neglected areas, development of about over the face of the earth, Times, Dr. J 0 h n Hay n e s self-help, character building and acting as carriers, such as the Holmes recently offered a pro- religious and welfare recovery. Jews, the Tamils of South India, test at the representation of the and, particularly at the present discovery of porcelain archives, Dynamics vs. Mechanics time, the Chinese. There are almost 3,000 years old, as "of said to be some eleven million vast importance in corrobora- It is evident from the present Chinese outside China. Where tion of Bible stories." "Are we conditions that the primary hitherto the Church has worked never to learn," asks Dr. Holmes, problems of our day are in the in places, it now moves out to "that the Bible is itself a first- realm of dynamics, rather than work along lines of communica- class historical document, or col- in the realm of mechanics. The tion. There is also the increas- lection of documents, which no need of the hour is not more ing importance of printed mat- more needs confirmation than knowledge, but more action; not ter. To quote only one instance, Thucydides or Tacitus? . . . more campaigns, but more consenew ideas are p e Ii e t rat i n g Instead of saying that these cration; not more statistics, but throughout the Moslem world by archreological deposits in Pales- more spirituality; not more means of printed matter, and the tine confirm the Bible, why not councils, but more cooperation tremendous possibilities of this say that the Bible confirms these with the Holy Spirit. are seen especially in the fact deposits? It is the 'porcelain that printed matter can pene- archives' just unearthed that There is no dynamic power in trate among Moslems in lands need authentication, not the Christianity that has not staked that missionaries are still for- Biblical text. I count it high its very existence on belief in the bidden to enter. Other oppor- time that we drop our subcon- Holy Spirit. Without this the tunities, for active personal work scious suspicion of the Bible and Christian Church will be timid and for the use of printed mat- accept it without reserve for when it ought to be courageous, ter, are offered by the pilgrimage what it is-one of the most pre- bewildered when it ought to uncenters which are visited by cious and trustworthy records of derstand, stagnant when it ought thousands yearly, especially in human history now in possession to be alive. Belief in the Holy the Orient. of the race." Spirit means that the Christian Church is called to dare great Some Leper Statistics Golden Rule Foundation adventures and take tremendous risks. Only when the Christian Returns received from 50 dif- The Golden Rule Foundation, Church essays the impossible ferent stations in fndia, China, does it give God a chance; only Korea and Africa where the Mis- incorporated by special act of the when it achieves the impossible sion to Lepers maintains, or aids does it prove that the Holy Spirthe work, show the results of Legislature of the State of New it is not merely a theological leprosy treatment during the proposition but a living reality. year: York, March 29, 1929, seeks to It is not learning, or wealth, or organization, or equipment that Patients under treatment for serve the American public as "a will enable the Christian Church not less than three months .. 9,157 to conquer the world; it is ac- people's foundation," rendering tual belief in the Holy Spirit. If Number of above who slightly we would silence our theologic·al improved …………….. 2,800 to the average citizen a service controversies, our ecclesiastical rivalries, our counsels of expedi- Number much improved …… 2,772 which includes: – ency, our clamor for money, we might again "hear what the 1. Investigation of appeals as to rela- Spirit saith to the churches" tive need, efficient administration, more clearly than we hear Him and strategic importance. today. -John McDowell.

2. Stewardship education and stimula- tion of increased giving by pro- motion of: (a) International Go 1den Rule Week,

Missionary

Books Briefly Reviewed for the Readers' Information I===============================I~ Outline of Buddhism, C. H. S. Ward, The discussion of Nirvana will devoted uncompromising, con- sistent, loving, self-sacrificing pp. 149, % net. The Epworth Press, be found interesting and illumi- Christian parents. Here too we see (under God) hope for the umdon, 1934. nating. The author summarizes future church and the mission- ary enterprise – not in highly- This little volume is one of the very well the various views held trained specialists, but in well- Great Religions of the East se- educated youth who are "born ries, edited by Eric S. Water- of the Buddha's' concept of Nir- again" and who truly "seek first house, M.A., D.D. It has been the Kingdom of God and His said that he knows not England vana. righteousness." who only England knows. The same may be said of Christian- The book is well written and John and Betty Starn would ity. To understand Christianity have made their mark anywhere. it is necessary to understand well documented. It will be use- Betty had rare gifts as a poet other religions. The struggle of and writer and John was a Christianity with other religions ful for classes and study groups musician and trained for busiis not in the past, but it still is ness, but these and other gifts ahead of us in the future. At and should prove helpful to those were made to serve the cause of present nationalism and com- Christ. Here is a true romance, munism loom large, but the fun- who are at work in Buddhist a tragedy in human eyes but a damental attitudes of Buddhism triumph of faith and love. will have to be faced by thinking lands. The careful definitions Youth will find in this story the people. essentials to stimulate ambition, and exposition are valuable at courage and devotion. Buddhism is one of the universal religions. It must be un- present when so many ideas are Christian Realities. By Robert E. derstood by Christian mission- Speer. Pp. 258. Price, $2.50. Flemaries. This volume has for its presented in the name of Bud- ing H. Revell Company. New York. object the discussion of the type of Buddhism found in the Pali dhism. LEWIS HODOUS. In a recent sermon Dr. Fos- Pitakas and what is easily de- dick made a strong plea for realducible from them. It does not The Triumph of John and Betty ism in thought in religion: deal with Mahayana Buddhism. Starn. By Mrs. Howard Taylor. While this limits it to the Bud- 127 pp. 40 cents, paper; 75 cents, Pleasing sentimentality, wishful dhism of Ceylon, Burma and cloth. China Inland Mission. Ger- thinking, idealizations, comforting Siam, the book will prove of val- mantown. 1935. faiths; satisfying optimisms-these ue to those who are working in are the devils of the new generation. countries where Mahayana Bud- The main facts as to the mar- Nothing will do today except realism. dhism is practiced. tyrdom of John Stam and his wife, Elizabeth Scott Stam, at In the realm of theology, for ex- The aut h 0 r takes up the the hands of the Chinese com- ample, the liberals are being soundly sources of our knowledge of the munists last December, are al- trounced nQW by a group of men who Buddha and his teaching. Then ready well known. The wonder- call themselves realists.. The trouble he gives an account of the Bud- ful preservation of their three- which the realists find with the liberals dha's life. This is followed by a months-old "m ira c I e" baby, is serious. Against the background of Helen Priscilla Stam, has also the old theology, with the wrath of God discussion of Buddha's teach- become famous in the annals of and the fear Qf hell in the ascendency, ing and the order of Bud- mIssIOnary history, but this the liberals reacted to the opposite exdha's disciples. A sketch of the brief story of the early life, edu- treme. They ceased being grim and historical development of Bud- cation, missionary call, courtship became sentimental. dhism and a discussion of Bud- and two years of service in China dhism as a religion conclude the will be new to many. It is fold He goes on to say that when main part of the book. A selected by a very highly skilled and men become sentimental "they list of literature and an index of spiritually sympathetic b i 0 g- streamline their theology to renames and subjects complete the rapher. duce wind resistance."

volume. Here is a thrilling and deeply The present volume deals hon- significant story of two young estly and intelligently with reali- lives who II y consecrated to ties in the realm of Christian Christ and his service. As we read we see that consecrated parents can definitely count on h a v i n g consecrated children. The five Scott and the eight Stam children are all definitely Chris- tian and active in Christian work or preparing for it. Here we find the secret in united, sympathetic, Any of the books noted In these columns wlIl be sent by the REVIEW publishers on receipt of price.

[445 ]

thought and life. In his book a great book with a great mes- for a building for Colored men "The Finality of Jesus" Dr. sage for our own day. and boys. It is a remarkable Speer presented a strong apolo- fact that this offer should have getic for the Christian faith- S.M.Z. come from a man of another the Deity of our Lord, and the faith; but it clearly indicates the unchangeable character of the I Am a Chrj,s,tian. By Jesse R. Wilson. value which a man like Mr. Christian message. In these ad- Pamphlet. 25 cents. Student Vol- Rosenwald placed upon the work dresses, taken down as they were unteer Movement. New York. 1935. of the Y. M. C. A. His deep delivered, the emphasis is not on seated sympathy for the strugdogma, but on life. The unreal Today students and youth gen- gling Negroes of our country in the realm of fact is myth, but erally wish not only theory but however has been shown in many in the realm of conduct it is in- practical experience as a basis other practical forms of helpfulsincerity and hypocrisy. The for faith. Clear cut testimony to ness which never can be forgotfirst chapter answers the ques- such ideas and experience are ten. As a result of the offer just tion, "What is Christianity?" what the Secretary of the Stu- mentioned 25 Y. M. C. A. and two Dr. Speer says: dent Volunteer Movement gives Y. W. C. A. buildings have been us in this pamphlet, but the basis erected in cities like New York, We believe in an objective deliver- is Jesus Christ, the Son of God Philadelphia, Baltimore, Washance wrought on Christ's Cross and in and only Way of Life. Being a ington, Chicago, St. Louis, Los a living Presence, and we will not be Christian involves for Mr. Wil- Angeles, etc. Weare sorry to confused or misled, nor caused to doubt son at least four things: A note that only two (Atlanta and or deny. We believe in a Life rthat Christian experience, faith, phi- Dallas) are found in the deep was here and that we have seen at losophy of life and hope for the south, where most of the Negroes work in the world, and that we know world. These four essential eleto be here now; and that it works now ments he sets forth, explains and reside. in us, in the lives of 'men and women illustrates in f 0 u r chapters. Among other matters treated whom we know and love, and in whom They are simply and clearly and through whom we have seen God stated, practical and true and is the distinguished war service in our time in Christ. will be helpful, especially to in- rendered by Dr. Moton, Max telligent youth who are seeking Yergan and others, and Mr. Yer- In a following chapter the au- light. gan's later efforts for the stuthor presents from a personal dents of South Africa. The auangle what Jesus Christ means Life on the Negro Frontier. By thor in the closing chapters tries to him and does for him. Other George R. Arthur. 259 pages. $2. to face modern difficulties and chapters are entitled: "The Es- Association Press. New York. problems, and through a quessentials of Christian Disciple- tionnaire sent to the Rosenwald ship"; "The Perils of Being a This title gives no inkling of aided institutions to discover Christian"; "Living in the Care the fact that the purpose of the methods for their improvement. and the Will of God"; "Finding book is to portray the work of One's Self." The strongest of the Young Men's Christian As- R. M. LABAREE. the seventeen chapters, in our sociation among Negroes. The opinion, is that on "The Gains of author claims (and we think that Apolo, The Pathfinder-Who Fol- Conscious Unattainment." It is he is correct) that the large cities lows? By A. B. Lloyd. Illus. 12 heart-searching and heart-re- create for the Negro many of the mo. 68 pp. 1 s. Church Missionvealing. conditions which formerly pre- ary Society. London. 1935. vailed on the far western fron- As a matter of fact, the best man tier-the large number of new Apolo wa-s an African canon never does his best. That was the arrivals, many of them young of the Church of England-a agony of the life of St. Paul; he never men and women; the sudden s t ron g character and a true realized his ideals. He looked back break from old home ties and Christian who worked among the over his life, and always found some- conditions; the resulting demor- pygmies. His story is unusually thing that he had not succeeded in do- alization in manners and morals. impressive and shows the true ing. It is because of this similarity results of Christ's work in an that he justifies his title "Life on African heart. This converted Dr. Speer's theology does not the Negro Frontier." and educated African went as a include perfectionism. As we missionary into the trackless might expect, the last four chap- The Treatment of the subject forests of Pygmy land, worked ters deal specifically with the is largely historical and descrip- with his own hands as a pioneer missionary enterprise and tell of tive, showing the conditions un- pathfinder and prepared the way an adequate Gospel for the need der which the Negroes live, the for further advance. This is the of the whole world, of areas in origin and leadership of the Col- third book about Apolo. Read geography and in life still un- ored Y. M. C. A. work, and more the fascinating story and you claimed for Christ, of the present especially the most interestIng will agree with Bishop Willis of and stimulating support of it Uganda who says: "As truly as task that faces the Church, and given by Julius Rosenwald of Christ lived in St. Paul, so truly, of the undiscourageable convic- Chicago, when in 1910 he made if to a less conspicuous degree, tion that the missionary enter- the offer to give $25,000 to any He lived in Apolo of the Pygmy prise will not fail, but will come city in the United States which to glorious -I'ruition. Altogether would raise an additional $75,000 forest."

OUR MISSIONARY BOOKSHELF

The Conquest of Cannibal Tanna. By philosophy. After completing 1. Let the approach be unequivo- A. K. Langridge. Illus. 8 vo. 199 cally religious. pp. 2 s. 6 d. Hodder & Stoughton. his theological course at Prince- London. 1935. ton, he spent sixteen years as a 2. Let every Evangelical Christian missionary in Peru where he learn to think Eurindian (a synthesis The New Hebrides Islands of founded the Anglo-Peruvian Col- of European and Indian elements). Melanesia were made famous by John G. Paton whose thrilling lege. As a side issue he became 3. Let there be a profounder apprestories of missionary adventure a professor in the University of hension of Christ crucified. have captivated thousands. Now San Marcos, Lima and lectured the secretary of the John G. for seven years under Y. M. C. A. 4. Let the new Christian communi- Paton Mission briefly reviews ties be educated and equipped for servand continues the story. It was auspices in many cities in Mexico ice. nearly 100 years ago when the and South America. Besides his first Christian missionary ven- 5. Let the new frontiers be adetured among the fierce cannibal books in Spanish, his "The Other quately manned. islanders. John Williams was Spanish Christ," has given him murdered in 1839. Sam 0 a n wid e reputation as an inter- 6. Let all contacts between the Christians volunteered for serv- preter of Latin American in- Americas be Christian. ice in 1854 and many lives were sacrificed. Godless traders and tellectual, social and religious 7. Let us face the full implications raiders made the work much conceptions. This study is more of being Christian. more difficult. popular in sty I e but equally Those who read this illuminat- John G. Paton and his young worthy of careful reading. ing study will have a new underwife landed on Tanna in 1838. Dr. Mackay shows the two standing of Latin Americans and The story of his work is well the problems and opportunities known. Before he died fifty Americas and their peoples in that confront evangelical misyears later medical work had sionaries. The good index is a been started, a Church had been striking contrast. Latin Amer- help and the carefully selected built and the work was formally icans strongly dissent from the reading list invites to further established. In 1922 over 500 study. natives partook of the commu- U. S. A. habit of monopolizing nion. The story is deeply im- the name "American." To them India Calling. The Memories of Corpressive but would be more sat- "The Other America" is of much n~lia Sorabji. Wus. 8 vo. 308 pp. isfactory if the last twenty-five 12 s. 6 d. James Nisbet & Co. Lonyears of the mission had been greater importance. The vari- don. 1935. pictured with greater complete- eties of climate and physical feaness. tures are compared with the Born in India of high class, e d u cat e d Parsee parents, That Other America. By John A. characteristics and forces that brought up in intimate contact Mackay, Ph.D. 8 vo. 214 pn. $1 00. mark the people, their upheavals, with Hindus and Moslems, later Friendship Press. New York. 1935. educated in England, a cultured, ide a I s and institutions. Dr. widely traveled Christian lawyer Latin America is the topic for Mackay is especially illuminat- -such is Dr. Cornelia Sorabji foreign mission study this year ing on Latin American traits. who gives us the very readable (1935-6). Geographically it in- The chapter on their "Dawning story of her life, with intimate cludes the immense continent of pictures of India and her prob- South America (with 10 repub- Vision of God" is illuminating. lems. She reveals not only the lics and three colonies, besides The people have been clouded in influences that molded her own Panama and British Honduras) , life, but takes us behind the Mexico and the Caribbean Is- the past-by materialism, hu- scenes in India as only a woman man philosophy, false religious could-a pioneer woman lawyer teaching, and the failures of -lifting the veil to disclose the pleasures and sorrows, the hu- many professed Christian lead- mor and the tragedies of India's ers. As a result agnosticism and women and children. atheism have captured the intel- lectuals but there is growing evi- dence of the power of Christ to transform life and this is having its effect. Many examples are given.

lands. The variety of languages, The work of evangelical mis- Miss Sorabji studied law in climate, races and the political sions is presented, especially as Oxford, became a barrister and and religious problems make it it is today. Limits of space for- a doctor of laws, and has traveled essential that someone with a bid a detailed account of the mis- widely in Europe and America, clear head, and a knowledge of sion work in the different coun- addressing large audiences. Her the whole, shall bring order out tries but examples are given to friends include some of the most of chaos and point out the main show some of the methods, diffi- notable people of three conti- factors, forces and trends. culties, trends and results. A nents. She comes of an unusu- Dr. Mackay has produced a notable piece of work is that of ally talented family. Her father, very valuable study book, based Dr. George P. Howard, a pioneer Sorabji Kharsedji Langrana, on a clear Christian philosophy, evangelist in many parts of the who became a Christian at peril full of concrete facts and en- continent. In presenting "The of death, was a notable man of riched by personal experiences Challenge to Christian Action," property and standing; her and illustrations from Spanish- Dr. Mackay makes a strong ap- mother was a remarkable and American life. The author is a peal which he develops in seven beautiful w 0 man greatly be- Scotchman and an honor man in points: loved; one sister married Dr.

Pennell, the British missionary reform was to ignore the need The Responsibility of Success. By physician. of the Afghan Fron- for reform. It was put into Dr. W. Wilson Cash, Prebendary tier; another sister, Susie So- words by one of my charming of St. Paul's and General Secretary rabji, was the founder of the St. progressive Indian friends: 'Let C. M. S. 92 pp. Price, $1 or 1 shilling. Church Missionary So- Helena School for girls in Poona. them come into the open and take ciety, London. 1934.

There is a charm, intellectual what we have or die without.' In September, 1934, at Swankeenness and sterling character The new way is legislation- wick, a vital Conference was held by officials, members and about the Sorabji family that is compulsion to renounce the ties reproduced in this book. A true that bind. It has not succeeded. friends of the Church Mission- . . . The way for which I plead ary Society-a conference on the sense of value, touches of humor, state of the work and the prokeen insight and high ideals is, shortly, an understanding gram to be laid out for its ad- heart. . . . The emancipated make the narrative stimulating vancement in view of an acand fascinating reading. The have themselves been brought to cumulated deficit of 100,000 the place where they stand, not pounds and still falling receipts. seven girls and one surviving by compulsory legislation but by boy (two died in infancy), were The C. M. S. was founded in personal conviction based on edu- 1799, and its grave problem now brought up by English tutors, on cation. Only, their progress has is to care for the success which English nursery tales and with been rendered easy by the initial has come to its work under the English discipline and Christian cleavage with ties of their re- blessing of God. Lagging or ideals, but they lived in Indian ligion, where these ties remain, style and were obliged to learn failing work can be dropped is not a different rate of progress without concern, but when an the languages, literature and cus- indicated ?" toms of the people among whom they lived. Thus they were truly Something Happened. By Mildred enterprise is on the very edge of Indian in the best sense. When Cable and Francesca French. 11- great achievement how can it Cornelia Sorabji was only eight Ius. and map. 8vo. 320 pp. Frederyears old she determined to study ick A. Stockes Co. New York. 1934. be dropped or restricted? "The Church of God can never budget law in order that she might help Evangeline French was a ven- for retreat." Dr. Cash has forceher Indian sisters out of some of turesome, independent child, oft- fully described the present situatheir many troubles. She kept en in danger, full of life and tion in this small book. that aim in view and how she hard to manage. What took her realized it in a remarkable de- into the interior of China, as a Illustrations of the Bible from Pergree is told in this narrative- missionary, ready to travel hun- sian Life. By Annie Rhea Wilson. with many fascinating incidents, dreds of miles by mule cart and Pamphlet. 44 pages. 15 cents. the training in law at Oxford-a cam e I, suffering continuous Sold by the Board of Foreign Mispioneer worn a n student who hardship and privation? "Some- sions, 156 Fifth Ave., New York. broke all precedents-presenta- thing happened" to her and to 1935. tion at court, contacts with Eng- Francesca French and Mildred lish nobility and conversations Cable. What it was is told in this The Orient, especially the with members of Parliament. very captivating story of the Near East, throws much light The incidents about noted per- childhood, youth and later years on Bible history and the cussonages are many-some of them of these three interesting wom- toms and figurative language of too much in detail or too scrap- en. Each of the trio heard the Bible times. Mrs. Wilson, durpily told, and others with charm- call to China and went out under ing her life in Persia as a mising completeness. Her two vis- the China Inland Mission. They sionary, gathered many facts its to America are passed over were the heroic stuff out of and incidents that interpret lightly, with little detail. which true missionaries are Bible passages in a charming made and were full of faith and and illuminating way. She But the most effective part of devotion. Here is the story of knows her Bible as well as she the narrative is perhaps the training for service, at home; of knows Persia – customs and story of her actual forty year's their lonely pioneer days in the costumes, names and titles, symwork for her Indian sisters-the far northwest of China. There bols, similes and metaphors, are purdah women, who could not see they spent years of adventure, all paralleled and briefly illusa man lawyer face to face, and and fruitful service in stormy trated by pertinent facts, poems who needed some one to defend Shensi, working among Tibet- and incidents. For example them and to protect their prop- ans, among Buddhist pilgrims in she throws light on swaddling erty rights. Dr. Sorabji also is Sinhiang, among bandits cross- clothes, vows, ornaments, doora pioneer in social service for In- ing the Gobi Desert, and among keepers, water-jars, breaking dia's women and by Indian wom- Europeans on the Russian bor- bread, feasts, kissing, almsgiven. In c los i n g Dr. Sorabji der. The story is full of gripping ing, prayers, fasting, "evil eye," writes: incidents and reveals spiritual salutations, leprosy. She also illustrates symbolical language "The problem is how to lessen life and power at work in and -the door, the vine, the lamp, the shepherd, the Lamb, the cup. the gulf between the orthodox through these messengers of the This pamphlet whets the appe- tite for additional facts to illus- Hindus and the few thousand progressives. The old way.of Cross. It is worth reading. trate Bible truths.

i[bt 1Sing'~ 1Jju~int~~

ASTHMA aDd SUMMER COLDS are UDDec….ry. published by Complete r.li.f only $1.00 postpaid. Nothing .Ise to buy. O••r 40.000 HOLFORD'S WONDER INHALERS BIBLE INSTITUTE OF LOS ANGELES sold 14st year alone~ Mail $1.00 today for full,euon'. relief to THE DANDEE CO., 252 HENNEPIN AVENUE, A monthly Bible Family Magazine with something in it MINNEAPOLIS, MINN., or write lor Fr•• Booklet. jor every member of tbe family circle New Books I SSUED for twenty-live years without interruption. THE KING'S BUSI- NESS has consistently represented the best thought of the funda- Around a Mexican Patio. Ethel L. mental Christian churches of the nation. In addition to its Smither. $1.00, cloth; 75 cents, paper. 120 pp. Friendship Press. interesting contributions by leading teachers, evangelists and pastors, New York. 1935. it prints every month several valuable departments, including: An Christian Youth in Action. Frank W. Herriott. 169 pp. $1.00, cloth; 60 International Lesson Commentary, Notes on Christian Endeavor, Daily cents, paper. Friendship Press. New York. 1935. Devotional Readings, Girls' Query Corner, Junior King's Business, and Chaos in Mexico. The Conflict in Helps for Preachers and Teachers. Trial subscriptions (3 months) 25c; Church and State. Chas. S. Mac- Farland. 284 pp. $2. Harpers. Annual subscriptions $1.50. The following premiums are at present New York. 1935. available free with annual subscriptions: a teacher's Bible, a copy of Eight Things That Matter. W. Graham Scoggie. 64 pp. 6d. Pick- lamison'S Bible Chdrt, or a copy of ObjectJ that Talk dud Tedch, con- ering & Inglis. London. 1935. taining 52 new and interesting object lessons. The supply of each of The Fine Art of Soul-Winning. Wil- liam Wistar Hamilton. 109 pp. 60 these premiums is limited, so order at once. cents, cloth; 40 cents, paper. Bap- tist Sunday School Board. Nash- Address: ville. 1935. rrbe 1&ing'5 18usineS5 Der Heilige in Dem Chinesischen Klassikern. Gerhard Rosenkranz. 558 South Hope Street Los Angeles, California 188 pp. M 9.80. J. T. Hein- richs'sche Buchhandlung. Leipzig. Gold Coast Methodism. The First Outline Chalk-Talks on the Spiritual 1935. Hundred Years, 1835-1935. Arthur Life. Abdul-Fady (Arthur T. Up- E. Southon. Illustrated. 158 pp. son). 38 pp. Nile Mission Press. I Am a Christian. Jesse Wilson. 25 Is. and 2s. 6d. 1934. Cairo. 1935. cents. Student Volunteer Move- ment. New York. Japan in Crisis. H. E. Wildes. 300 Die Rechtliche Stellung Christlicher pp. $2. Macmillan. New York. Missionen in China. Dietrich Huse- Into All the World. A. J. Brown and man. Carl Heymann. Berlin. 1935. John D. Freeman. 60 cents. Sun- History of Palestine. Th ~ Last Two day School Board, Southern Bap- Thousand Years. Jacob deHaas. These Sixty Years. The Story of the tist Convention. Nashville. 1935. 523 pp. $3.50. Macmillan. New Keswick Convention. Walter B. York. Sloan. 114 pp. 2s. 6d. Pickering Keeping Our Balance. Eva Taylor. & Inglis. London. 1935. 80 pp. 25 cents. Cokesbury Press. The Color Problems of South Africa. Nashville. 1935. Phelps-StokeS Lectures, 1933, deliv- Some Old Testament Parables. J. ered at the University of Cape Stuart Holden. 128 pp. Is. Pick- Forty-five Years in India. Memoir Town. Edgar H. Brookes. 237 pp. ering & Inglis. London. 1935. and Reminiscences of the Very Rev. 48. 6d. Paul Kegan. London. 1934. Principal Mackichan. Edited by The Triumph of John and Betty. David Williamson. 126 pp. 58. The Buddhism of Tibet, or Lamaism. Mrs. Howard Taylor. 127 pp. 75 Nicholson and Watson. London. L. Austine Waddell, 2d Edition. Il- cents, cloth; 40 cents, paper. China lustrated. 646 pp. 258. Heffel'. Inland Mission. Philadelphia. 1935. SA.fPUiS OF OUR SliNDA Y SCHOOL punucA.nONS, Cambridge. OR YOUNG PEOPLE'S DIBLF. STUDIES SE~l fREE O~ REQUEST Joseph Wolff. His Romantic Life A Pageant of Asia. A Study of Three and Travels. H. P. Palmer. 222 Civilizations. Kenneth J. Saunders. pp. 78. 6d. Heath Cranton, Ltd. 248 pp. $2.50. Macmillan. New London. 1935. York. Winning the Border. Una Roberts Faiths Men Live By. John C. Archer. Lawrence. 160 pp. Home Mission 497 pp. $2.75. Nelson. New York. Board, Southern Baptist Conven- tion. Atlanta. 1935. Lowell and Abigail. A Realistic Idyll. Mary Dillingham Frear. With Christ in Soviet Russia. By 325 pp. Privately printed. Vladimir Ph. Martzinkovski. Illus- trated. 12mo. 364 pp. 5 shillings. Lupita. A Story of Mexico in Revo- Nile Mission Press. Jerusalem. lution. Alberto Remhas. 180 pp. 1933. $1.00. Friendship Press. New York. 1935. Our Korean Friends. Frederick S. Miller. Illustrated. 8vo. 191 pages. Off to Panama. B. H. Pearson. 217 Fleming H. Revell Co. New York. pp. 35 cents. Harry Harper, Agent. 1935. Los Angeles, Calif. Waiting for the Coming. .John T. Over the Mexican Border. Hewitt Mawson. 12mo. 124 pages. 2 and Thomas. 138 pp. $1.00, cloth; shillings. Pickering and Inglis. 75 cents, paper. Friendship Press. Glasgow. New York. 1935.

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i; + T It What Do You Know About Those Other Americans? If TT i, ~ THE south of the United States of North America lie other "The ; tf l:}United States." There are sixteen republics, besides a number of colof t f nies, and island dependencies. More than 100,000,000 people who live there , are different in many respects from North Americans and yet they are kin. fT IT They include descendants of Anglo-Saxons, Portuguese, Spaniards, Indians, •t Negroes, Orientals and many mixtures. Most are nominally Roman Catho- It lics but millions of them are atheists or pagans. ','

Why should we send missionaries to Latin Americans?

'Ii Who are these people, and what are their customs and beliefs? How If II many Protestant societies and missionaries are working among them and what are the results in converts, churches and the transformation of society? I'

THE NEXT NUMBER OF THE REVIEW Ij . W ill deal w~thd fithlisd fashcinatin.g. sulbject-Ithedrevol.l~tions, thde.t~ansforhmations, It the unoccuple e s, t e po1lhca , mora an re 19lOUS con ItlOns; t e transi t formations that are taking place; stories of how the work is conducted. + I ! OUR LATIN AMERICA (OCTOBER) NUMBER !! Ii+ The Latin American Republics Religious Trends in Spanish America By MARY WILHELMINE WILLIAMS By JOHN A. MACKAY i t. Some Unevangelized Areas The Influence of the Printed Page i I+•I By JOHN RITCHIE +, By H. C. TUCKER Attitudes of Governments Toward t• Religious Liberty The Living Church in Latin America I, By C. S. DETWEILER By KENNETH GRUBB t. ReligiousHEducation in Latin America The Indians-Pagan and Christian I I•'. By UGH C. STUNTZ t + Emerging Latin American Youth By JOSEPH A. DAVIS Union and Cooperation in Latin i By S. FRANKLIN MACK t f+~ Next Steps in Evangelization America I•.. By RALPH E. DIFFENDORFER By WEBSTER E. BROWNING it I, The Gospel for Latin Americans Best Books on Latin America By EDWARD H. HAYMAKER By SAMUEL G. INMAN + There will also be series of sketches of outstanding evangelical Christians, stories of t I notable misisonary work, an article on "The Progress of Women in Latin America" and I,: "Spanish-American Views of Evangelical Work." : ORDER NOW It ~J Single copies, 2S cents $20 per hundred +t The Missionary Review of the World ………….. i if t; …………………._.. ._.T_.h_ir_d_a.n_d.R_ei.l_y..S.tr.e.e.t.s.,.H~_ar_ris._bu_rg_, _Pa…….~_ t

The Missionary Review of the World — May 1935

1935

Studying Problems in Puerto Rico Charles S. Detweiler The Greatest Moslem Mission Field Samuel M. Zwemer How Can a Pastor Promote Missions? Victor G. Mills America's Last Stronghold of Paganism C. C. Brooks Religious Persecution in Poland T. Dowhaluk The Danger of Compromise Mrs. J. N. Anderson 25 Cents a Copy $2.50 a Year

to Remember Thomas M. Buley, 800 Rome Drive, Bishop Wang, the first Chinese

Los Angeles, Calif. be chosen a bishop of the Methodist Episcopal Church, has resigned be- May 2-5-Younger Men's Missionary Warren, Ohio. Last Tuesday and cause of ill health. Congress under the auspices of the Wednesday in September. Mrs. Laymen's Missionary Movement, . Geo. Konold, 314 Scott St., N. E., ** * Chicago. Warren, Ohio. Dr. Toyohiko Kagawa, at the invi- May 21-23-National Council of Fed- Winona, Indiana. June 26-July 2. tation of the National Missionary erated Church Women. Annual Mrs. Lulu C. Hunter, 1021 S. Elm- Council of Australia, arrived in Aus- Meeting. Rochester, N. Y. wood Ave., Oak Park, Ill. tralia in March, to address a series of meetings in all the eastern capitals May 22 – General Assembly United Personal Items and a number of country centres, be- Presbyterian Church, Akron, Ohio. ginning with Queensland and ending in New South Wales (May 14 to 17). May 23-General Assembly, Presby- Thereafter Dr. Kagawa is to go on to New Zealand. terian Church in the U. S. A., Cin- Mr. and Mrs. S. C. Frencham. of cinnati, Ohio. the China Inland Mission, who were *** reported captured in Shensi Province May 26-Rural Life Sunday. King Prajadhipok, the Siamese last February, have arrived safe and monarch now in England, abdicated May 30-General Assembly, Presby- well at Hancheng, Shensi. They were his throne in March because the Na- terian Church in the U. S., Mon- reported to have been murdered by tional Assembly refused to accept the treat, N. C. bandits, or Communists, at Ninkiang. King's conditions if he was to remain on the throne. Prince Ananda Mahi- June 9-15-Church Conference of So- Mr. Frencham is an Australian. The dol, the nine-year-old nephew or the cial Work, Montreal, Canada. missionaries were in Ninkiang when King, who is now at school in Lau- the town was occupied by Communists sanne, Switzerland, has been pro- June 20-25 – Northern Baptist Con- claimed successor to the throne. vention, Colorado Springs, Colorado. on February 6. When King Prajadhipok first threat- June 22-30 – Victorious Life Confer- ened to abdicate he proposed a num- ber of conditions which the Siamese ence. Keswick Grove, N. J. Miss Ruby Verne Thompson, of Assembly rejected. Nevada, Iowa, and Miss Alma Ruth Summer Conferences and Artibey. of Chicago, were reported to Dying of Famine in China Schools of Missions have left Fenghsien, a bandit-infested city. The two women are graduates of From Wuhu, China, comes the Afjil'iated with the Council of Women the Moody Bible Institute in Chicago. tragic word that three million inhab- for H01'ne l11issions and the C01n- itants of southern Anhwei Province, 111ittee on TVomen's Work of the ** scattered over an area of 6,000 square Foreign ""fissions Conference miles, are starving to death in the Rev. L. J. Shafer, President of W01'st famine this section of China DATES AND CHAIRMEN FOR 1935 Ferris Seminary, Yokohama, Japan, has expel'ienced recently. Y.:issional'Y Bethesda, Ohio. (Not yet decided.) has been called home to take up the workers sa,' that the death list al- work of promotion secretary in the ready is appalling and is growing day Miss Mary I. Scott, 310 Tomlinson Board of Foreign Missions of the Re- ;)y day. Ave., Moundsville, W. Va. formed Church in America. A succession of tragic events has Boulder, Colorado. Last week in June *** afflicted the district, starting with se- (not defi;lite). Program Chairman veo!'" political upheavals last Decem- -l1rs. Henry F. Hoffman. 741 Dr. Walter Ulmer of Dawson, Neb., ber and including the murder by ban- Adams St., Denver, Ct)lo. and Dr. C. C. Talbott of Gibbon, dits of the American missionaries, Mr. and :Mrs. John C. Stam, following Chautauqua, j'clU 1"ork. August 18- Neb., Evangelical Church Missionary the pillage of Tsingteh. 24. Institute (d World Missions, Society representatives, returned on Mrs. F. C. Heyrwlds, 309 Woodlawn foot March 10th to Tungjen, China, The famine is a result of the almost Road, Holand Park, Baltimore, Md., after five months as refugees in an unprecedented droughts which extend- area occupied by Communist armies. ed over virtually all China last sum- Chairman. They arrived with a Hunnanese pro- mer. Conditions in the southern sec- vincial military escort from Chang- tion of the province were described in Danos, Texas. (Not the N"egro School sha, Hunan. a letter from George Birch, China In- -last week in September.) Mrs. land Mission worker, in which he George J. Fix, 7041 Tokalon Drive, says: Dallas, Texas. Rev. Jacob Pelz has been appointed "A terrible famine engulfs us, con- Secretary of the International He- straining me to write you for aid. EagZcsmere, Pa. June 26-July 3. Cor.' brew-Christian Alliance to succeed Two-thirds of this area is without Sec.-Mrs. Edith C. Ashton, 1939 Rev. Harcourt Samuel, resigned. Mr. food and the remainder is approach- Grant Ave., Bustleton, Philadelphia, Pelz has been secretary of the North ing the same condition. Deaths are Pa. America Hebrew Christian Alliance. heavy.

Houston, Texas. October 28-Novem- *** "It is distressing to walk the streets ber 1 (not definite). Mrs. E. B. these days, with misery and death Mohle, 2309 Robinhood, Houston, Dr. Catherine L. Mabie has been everywhere. I hear such things as Texas. honored by the Belgian Government five of a family of seven starved to with La Croix de Chevalier de l'Ordre death. Women with babies, exhausted Lake Geneva, Wis. June 24-July 1. Royal du Li(nt. She is the first ap- and despairing, lay down to die. Mrs. Thomas A. Freeman, 5841 Kenmore Ave., Chicago, Ill. pointee of the Baptist Woman's Board "Children are being sold for one in the Belgian Congo to be thus Mexican dollar (about 40 cents), at Miml.esota (Minneapolis – St. Paul). recognized. one year of age. Sometime in September. Mrs. A. F. A'.lguster, 1536 Van Buren St., *** "Save the children is the big need, St. P~ul, Minn. which is possible for a few dollars Rt. Rev. Anthony Blacker Elliott each if only the funds are forthcom- !.It. Hermon, Califo1'1ti((. June 29- is to be an assistant to Bishop Azariah ing." July 6. Mrs. W. F. Angwin, 1836 of Dornakal, India. He is a graduate Clemens Road, Oakland, Calif. of the University of Dublin, went to India in 1913 and has been an asso- Mountain Lake Park, Maryland. ciate worker with Bishop Azariah for Probably July 31 or August 1. twenty years. Mrs. B. H. Sincell, 103 2d St., Oak- land, Md. *** N01'thfield, Massachusetts. July 5-13. Miss Margaret L. Marston, Na- Mrs. Virgil B. Sease, Parlin, N. J. tional Educational Secretary of the Episcopal Woman's Auxiliary, will Southern California (Los Angeles). make a goodwill tour of the foreign Last week in September. Mrs. fields where the Church has work.

indignation at such articles

THE MISSIONARY appeared in magazine in REVIEW OF THE WORLD February, entitled 'Missions and Bat- DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Editor tleships.' … I am looking forward to VOL. LVIII MAY, 1935 No.5 another year of enjoyment of the RE- Publication and Business Office– VIEW by myself and my family." Third and Reily Sts., Harrisburg, Pa. MRS. GEORGE B. KINGSTON. Editorial and Executive Office– Grand Rapids, Michigan. 156 Fifth Avenue, New York City. *** Entered as second-class matter at Post Office, Harrisburg, Pa., under THERE CAN'T BE TOO MANY Act of March 3, 1879. "How dear to our hearts: are the "To the Orient" 25 cents a copy-$2.50 a year. steady subscribers -in Chinese Foreign Postage, 50 cents a year. Published monthly, except August. Who promptly renew at the end of All rights reserved. Copyrighted 1935. each year; British agents – Marshall, Morgan and Scott, 12 Paternoster Buildings, Who send in their nameS and the London, E. C. 1 shilling per copy, money quite gladly, 10 shillings a year. Who cast round our sanctum a halo MISSIONARY REVIEW PUB- of cheer. LISHING CO., INC. They never say, 'Stop it, I cannot af- BOARD OF DIRECTORS ford it, ROBERT E. SPEER, President W'M. 1. CHAMBE,BLAIN, Vice-President I'm getting more magazines now WALTER McDOUGALL, Treasurer than I read.' DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Secretary But always say, 'Send it, our folks SAMUEL MCCREA CAVERT seem to like it, MRS. ORRIN R. JUDD WM. B. LIPPHABD We think it a help, and it meets a great need.' ERIC M. NORTH We inwardly bless them, we outward- JESSE R. W'ILSON ly thank them- A. L. W ARNSHUIS Those steady subscribers who write, 'Yes, indeed.''' SAMUEL M. ZWE'MER -Adapted from an Exchange.

Editorial Chat Fundamentally, depressions are the GOrAST result of decline in a spiritual life. LOOK OUT! LOOK AHEAD! Better times await a return to the TO THE ORIENT more worthwhile things….•.It is America is in a time of crisis. Ban- very important that everyone get be- 10 DAYS TO YOKOHAMA … fastest, dits, degrading literature, theaters and hind any movement to develop a deep- shortest Pacific crossing … by the social evils threaten our family life. er spiritual life in the nation." Empress of Asia or Empress of Infidelity and godless rationalism are IUtSsia. Or via Honolulu in 3 days undermining our churches. Corrup- ROGER BABSON. more on the Empress of Japan tion and materialism are hindering (the Pacific's largest, fastest liner) our industrial and national progress. II If you use or the Empress of Canada. Are we going toward destruction or is there a way out? PRINTING LOW ALL·YEAR ROUND·TRIP FARES. Outstanding First Clasl; The next issue of THE REVIEW will YOU will profit from an ac- comfortable Tourist Class; low-cost be devoted to a study of some of these quaintanceship with us. We Third Class. Still lower Summer topics — our special Home Mission do the job complete in our own round-trip fares to the Orient. Number. plant, whl;ther it be large or small. FREQUENT SAILlNGS … from Van- It will contain fifteen or more ar- couver ( trains to ship-side) and ticles by fifteen students of Home Mis- While our specialty is Books, Victoria to Yokohama, Kobe, sions. These will include articles on Magazines and Pamphlets, yet Nagasaki, Shanghai, Hong Kong, unemployment, crime, religious move- we have a variety of modern Manila. Orient fares include pasments, youth trends, foreign influ- equipment to meet all the re- sage to and from Seattle. California ences, changing frontiers–all related quirements of.your particular sailings connect with "Empresses" to the Gospel of Christ and modern job. You will ,find our service at Honolulu. church problems. prompt, careful and courteous. • Also • •• low-cost Independent Write to order extra copies now. . ;.'.~ni'Y6U allow us to estimate World Tours.

*** .: on:yollr next prlnting ? .We be- BOOKLETS, information … from Heveyou will be delighted with YOUR OWN TRAVEL AGENT or any Pass on to others the words of en- ~r' product, price and .service. Canadian Pacific office: New York, couragement that come from our Chicago, San Francisco, and 34 readers. Boost the subscriptio~ list The EY',~NGELICAL ~RESS other cities in the United States and so promote interest in the Cause and Canada., of Christ. A missionary writes: ' Print..,• ..,f TM Muiionary Review of t}Je World "Let me offer again my very sincere congratulations over the continuation PLANT AND MAIN OmCE and steady improvement of THE RE- Third and Reily Streets Harrlmar., P•• VIEW. Under the pressure of a most unfavorable time, you hlj,ve undoubt- [209 ] edly made the paper better and more effective than it has ever been before."

PAUL W.'HARRISON. Muscat, Arabia.

*** "If more people read such an accurate, informative publication concerning world affairs there would be gen-

OUTGROWTH-AHMADIYA MOSQUE, WOKING

AMERICAN DESIGNED MOSQUE AT SRINAGAR, KASHMIR EXTENSION TO BURMA-MOSQUE AT MAGOK DR. AND MRS. ZWEMER, WITH MOSLEM CONVERTS AND MI·SSIONARIES, AT THE HYDERABAD CONFERENCE, 1928 IN THE GREATEST MOSLEM MISSION FIELD – INDIA (See page 215)

NARY

REVIB ORLD VOLUME LVIII AN INTERDENOMINATIONAL REVIEW OF WORLD-WIDE CHRISTIAN PROGRESS NUMBER FIVE MAY, 1935 Topics of the Times A TIME OF CRISIS IN -INDIA Britain has obligations to her own people, to Conditions in every land and among all people India and to the world, which cannot be ignored.

today constitute a crisis in national, economic and There is great need today for clear vision, impar- religious life. Conflict and unrest, chaotic think- . tial judgment, higher wisdom, and benevolent ing and planning, immorality and atheistic trends, goodwill to decide the mooted questions. Such are leading to destruction unless they can be cor- qualifications are found in adequate measure only rected by discovering and following God's way in God; Hence the need for prayer-earnest, in- out. Was there ever greater need for uplifting telligent, responsive. The greatest, most abiding Christ and presenting His teachings in India, in force in India today is Christian life, character Japan, in China, in Europe, in America? and influence. The activities and idealism of the The Christian leaders of India have called for British Government combined with the teaching special prayer for that great land and people at and example of Christian missionaries have abolthis time when the plans for a change in govern- ished warfare; through the same agencies famine ment are under consideration in England and in has largely disappeared, illiteracy is decreasing, India. While the main issues are political these women are advancing, many social evils are being vitally relate also to racial and class peace, to in- regulated and the hold of caste is being broken. dustrial and economic progress, and to educa- But Hindus, Moslems, Sikhs and others are not tional, moral and religious problems. British sufficiently united or trained in the arts of peace statesmen, Mohammedan leaders, Hindu politi- and good government to maintain and promote the cians and Christian Indians hold many different reforms that have been inaugurated. The weaker views. Ambition, pride, prejudice and selfishness would go to the wall. all interfere with wise and impartial judgment. But the present financial, economic and political If British control and cooperation should be entirely withdrawn from India and if independent crisis has not been without blessing to the Indian self-government were granted immediately (which Christians and the younger churches built up on is inconceivable) confusion and strife would in- the mission field. Retrenchment in activities and evitably result between the followers of various personnel, cuts in salaries and other expenses, the parties, classes and religions. Much that has been closing of some institutions, or a decrease in the gained in the last century-in social improvement, number of students in schools and patients treated education and liberty-would be lost. There is in hospitals, have caused some heartaches-but little basis for unity, in a land so divided by race, there is a silver lining to the cloud. Christians, religion, caste, language and diverse social and individually and in church groups, have learned to political ideas. What has happened before may depend more on God and their own efforts and less happen again. Recent excavations reveal the fact on foreign funds. They have been driven to their that a very high degree of material civilization knees and their spiritual life has been quickened. was found in India 5,000 years ago, but it disap- They have learned to stand and walk on their own peared completely because of strife and moral feet and so have grown stronger. Where more weakness. volunteer Christian service has taken the place of paid workers and elaborate equipment, there real It is extremely difficult for the British and In- blessing has followed.

dian nationalists to reach agreement. Great In this time of crisis in India there is great need [211 ]

for prayer, not only for the rulers and the Chris- Today many mission institutions in foreign tians but for the whole people. We are urged to lands, in spite of drastic cuts, are fi~ing it in- pray that conferences between British and Indian creasingly difficult or impossible to maintain the leaders may eventuate in understanding and an expensive equipments and staffs because of de- effective program; that forces for righteousness creased gifts from America and England. These and justice may prevail, and that liberty to wor- enterprises are out of harmony with the form of ship and serve God may never be curtailed. Pray life of the people they serve and cannot be sup- for spiritual quickening in India. ported effectively by local gifts and fees.

Already benefits have come with hardships, PATERNALISM IN MISSIONS from decreased American support'. National Loving parents are not always wise. Their af- Christians have seen the necessity for taking fection for their children; their sense of responsi- added responsibility and are becoming more debility; their desire to keep their children's love pendent on God and on their own efforts, and less and to help them in their problems may lead to on foreign human benefactors. Mission boards foolish indulgence and the avoidance of lessons are also recognizing the wisdom of establishing that can only be learned through hardship and work with a view to its ultimate local support and suffering. Many parents keep adult children tied control. When living Seed, adapted to the soil, is to them by financial apron strings; they fail to planted and nurtured it will grow and bear fruit teach them that their first dependence is on God with seed that will continue to spread.

and second on their own efforts. The same is true FAMINE IN NORTH JAPAN in some mission boards in their dealings with mission churches. The Tohoku District is the northeastern section A letter recently received from a missionary of Japan where the work of the Reformed Church in the United States is centered. The capital of connected with a large board shows the need for Miyagi Prefecture is Sendai, the mission headwise dealing with native churches that, like grow- quarters and the chief city of Iwate prefecture is ing children, and self-conscious colonies, desire Morioka, residence of the Rev. G. W. Schroer. self-government, without self-support. This mis- Famine conditions in these two prefectures are sionary writes, in part as follows: The national Christians, who feel opposition to the pres- particularly bad according to the following newsentation of the Gospel in mission schools, have voted to close the school and to use the foreign money available paper reports published in Tokyo: for other purposes. The local church has a good-sized bank account but does not want to use. this. They would like to Children enfeebled by lack of nourishment, young girls sold to brothels, and farmers fleeing continue to receive foreign funds rather than depend on from indebtedness, some by the avenue of suicide, native gifts to carryon the work. They could afford to are among the victims of the adverse natural employ a native preacher or evangelist but their thought forces this winter which have worked against man seems to be to get control of mission funds and property in the Tohoku District of Japan, comprising the without accepting financial responsibility themselves.

This is, of course, not true in the case of na- , six northernmost prefectures of the main island. tional churches that have been taught to "carry their own load"-like the Presbyterian churches Famine has been stalking the land for weeks, in Korea. Many missions have, however, built up and cold weather is bringing increased misery. institutions on such a scale that national churches Even at its best, the Tohoku is not surfeited by cannot afford to carry them on with indigenous natural benefits, and in the past few years it has support. Is it not a very serious mistake to sub- been afflicted by floods, drought, tidal waves, deep sidize native institutions with foreign funds and snow and other unfavorable conditions that have left it prostrate.

put foreign and native mission church funds under The Japanese authorities are providing rice at the national church control? Strength and inde- a low price, giving work on public enterprises and pendence was not developed in that way in the encouraging the use of cheap foods. But there Apostolic Church-nor is it so developed today. are few tenant farmers with ready cash and even Foreign funds may wisely be contributed to na- cheap foods, such as potatoes and millet, are retional Christian enterprises when these are shown garded as luxuries. The potato crop has suffered to be well conducted and productive of satisfac- from the cold- weather as much as the rice crop tory results from a missionary point of view, but and chestnuts and other edible nuts are scarce'. many have found it wise not to make these gifts Common grass that grows in barnyards is none in the form of annual subsidies. Like community too plentiful.

chest gifts at home annual appropriations may be Of the 100,000 farm families in Miyagi prefec- made after reports of the work and the needs have ture, 40,000 are suffering. The number of under- been received and approved. fed children in the district exceeds 10,000.

TOPICS OF THE TIMES

I wate Prefecture is worse off than any of the three and four hundred delegates attended repre- other Tohoku prefectures. Its underfed children senting forty institutions of learning in many number about 24,000. At least 20,000 farm house- states. Nine new chapters were admitted to mem- holds are on the verge of starvation. About 100 bership in the League and definite plans were young girls of the villages of Aosasa, Kamigo and made to promote Bible study and aggressive Tsuchifuchi, have left home since spring to sell Christian work, also for an active alumni asso- themselves to licensed quarters to obtain a little ciation. money to help their families. Three hundred young men have met with the village elders of A similar organization is operating in Great Tsuchifuchi to discuss the situation, and 50 vol- Britain, called the Inter-Varsity Fellowship. Dr. unteers are going to other districts in search of Robert P. Wilder is now conducting meetings work that will give them funds with which to re- under their auspices, and with marked spiritual deem the girls. To find a farmer with as much blessing. This fellowship, at a recent conference as fifteen cents in his pocket is next to impossible in Scotland, adopted the following "Declaration of in this section. Purpose," which reveals their true evangelical character and missionary purpose. In one district during the past few months 197 girls have left home to become inmates of brothels, We, having been deeply impressed with the urgent need cafe waitresses or household servants. Those sold to brothels netted their families from $15 to $60. of increased efforts on the part of the Christian Church Forty-nine persons have taken their own lives in these districts since last year. to reach the hitherto unevangelized peoples, purpose be- In one village signs have been posted every- fore God to make it our individual and collective responsi- where with this inscription: "Because of the dis- tressed conditions here, beggars are prohibited bility to do all in our power to bring this challeng-e to our from entering the village." The village elders and the police have decreed that nothing be spent on universities and churches. . social functions for three years. Marriages and memorial services are to be as cheap as possible- Convinced that the immediate barrier to spiritual revival and yet the Japanese Government is spending $468,000,000 a year on military projects. and world evangelization lies in our own low spiritual EVANGELICAL STUDENT ACTIVITY standards, we would unite in prayer to God that His Much is said and written about the deflection of Spirit may bring each one of us and our unions to a fit college and university students from high stand- ards of Christian faith and life. Most of them spiritual condition to take our part in this enterprise. reflect the influence of their homes and later of school and college. With right teaching and ex- Having committed ourselves to Jesus Christ and so to ample the coming generation would always be an improvement on the past. Recent reports reveal His great purpose that the Gospel may be presented to the fact that at least two thirds of the students in institutions of higher learning claim affiliation every creature, we are resolved, as men and women who with some Christian church. But in college church-going habits-if any-are broken. There have been privileged with a college education, to accept is little Bible study or prayer except in denomina- tional colleges and in small groups; the College our special responsibility in missionary endeavor. It is a . Y. M. and Y. W. C. A.'s are less popular than they were a generation ago and the freedom and license point of spiritual honor. We cannot be true to Jesus of college life tends to lower the standards of Christian conduct for the majority. Christ, our Lord, unless we carry to its completion the But there are still strong Christian schools and task of preaching to every tribe and nation the message colleges and uplifting evangelical influences in America and Great Britain. In the United States of salvation. during the past ten years there has been a healthy growth of the League of Evangelical Students of In as much, therefore, as every man and woman has a America,* an organization that recently held its right to hear the GQspel, we are debtors to the whole tenth annual convention in Philadelphia. Between world. The past generations have rendered inestimable • The headquarters are In the Reformed Episcopal Seminary, South service, and the evangel has been carried far and wide. 43d Street, Philadelphia, Pa. They did their part. The call now comes to us to follow their heroic lead. .

TVe therefore propose: 1. That we determine to make it our responsibility to spread as widely as possible the missionary challenge in our unions and churches, and among all whom we can in- fluence. The need is especially urged of spreading infor- mation as to the true position overseas, and of impressing upon all Christians a sense of the tragedy of the unfinished task. .

2. That this conference recommends to the committee of the evangelical unions: (a) That each union should especially consider how God would have them respond immediately to this challenge both with regard to their responsibility to their university and to the mission field.

(b) That a committee be appointed to undertake respon- sibility for promoting a campaign to arouse missionary fervor in our universities and churches. (c) That student deputations be sent to churches and wherever interest may be aroused. (d) That a letter be sent to the leaders of the churches and missionary societies expressing the intention of the evangelical unions.

(e) That special prayer meetings be held in each union that GQd may greatly add to the number of those who have been awakened to the world need….

At the Scottish Inter-Varsity Missionary Con- and Mrs. Minnie Karnell, who spoke on "The Vanference, held in Edinburgh last January, none of guard of Youth." Churches, schools, colleges, the members of the Scottish Unions who met in civic and social clubs, and other organizations co- New College was permitted to escape from these operated actively in making it possible to reach insistent questions: "Are you willing to go?" all classes of people, in public and group meet- "Do you really intercede for the unevangelized?" ings, by forums and addresses and over the radio. "If you cannot go, will you help others to go?" The spiritual note and the Christian missionary "What are you doing here and now in your own aim ,of the speakers, was stressed throughout and college?" "Have you fully awakened to the fact made a deep impression. Jesus Christ has been that after centuries of Christianity and over one exalted in Florida this winter and His work has hundred years of modern missionary enterprise, been proclaimed. These assemblies, founded by there are millions of people who are still totally Mrs. Henry W. Peabody, were very efficiently unevangelized?" planned and conducted. We are expecting to use some of the addresses in later numbers of THE RE- The British Inter-Varsity Fellowship of Evangelical Unions seeks to coordinate the work of VIEW. the University Evangelical Unions; to stimulate personal faith in Christ among individual students THE GOSPEL AND WORLD DOMINION and generally to spread evangelical principles in academic circles by holding Inter-Varsity confer- The World Dominion Movement is engaged, not ences; endeavoring to found an active witness in in active missionary work in non-Christian lands, every university at home and abroad; by linking but in a systematic effort to stir up the Church to up Christian schoolboys and schoolgirls with evan- more intelligent, active, sacrificial endeavor to gelical undergraduates when they leave their evangelize all peoples as speedily as possible and schools for the universities; by presenting the to bring them under the dominion of Jesus Christ, challenge of the mission field to final year students. the Son of God. The main office of the Movement, under the direction of Dr. Thomas C. Cochrane, is Dr. Howard Guinness has visited the universi- in London and the American office is in New ties of the Dominions and has succeeded in form- York, with Miss Constance Brandon as American ing Inter-Varsity Christian Fellowships in Can- Secretary. The World Dominion magazine pubada, Australia and New Zealand. He is now hold- lishes many stirring articles and strongly advoing meetings among students in India. cates simple apostolic missionary methods in evan- gelism rather than the establishment of elaborate Are the League of Evangelical Students and and expensive institutions on the mission fields. this Inter-Varsity Fellowship God's answer to the Many careful surveys of various fields, published need for more consistent emphasis on the prime in small volumes, show the needs of unevangelized importance of regeneration through Christ and peoples and the progress that has been made by for spiritual life and work among students? the forces already at work. Dr. Samuel M. Zwemer, Editor of The Moslem World, is chair- THE FLORIDA MISSIONARY ASSEMBLIES man of the American committee of the Movement.

Once again thousands of those who visit the At a recent public meeting, held in the Marble winter playground of America have proved them- Collegiate Church, New York City, a large audiselves to be not without deep religious and mis- ence gathered to hear reports of present world sionary interest. Why should not physical sun- conditions, and the neeed for aggressive evangelshine and spiritual light and warmth harmonize? ism, as presented by well-known missionary advo- Why should vacationing mean religious vacancy? cates. Dr. Robert E. Speer was chairman; Pro- It is not necessary that selfish interests of the fessor K. S. Latourette of Yale spoke on "The rich and leisure class shall crowd out the interests World of the Orient"; Dr. John A. Mackay, reof Christ and His Kingdom. This has been proved cently of South America, presented "The Latin again this year in Florida where the Chain of World"; and Dr. Zwemer reported on "The Mos- Missionary Assemblies have had an unusually suc- lem World." The inspiring addresses revealed the cessful season (January 28th to February 26th) unique opportunities for present-day world-wide· under the chairmanship of Miss B. Louise Wood- evangelism, and the great possibilites before the ford. Various denominations cooperated in the churches that have been established in the mission promotion of the gatherings in the sixteen centers. fields. There is today need for a world-wide ad- Among the leading speakers were Dr. T. Z. Koo, vance of the forces of Christ for spiritual conof China; Dr. Conrad Hoffman, Jr., of the Inter- quest, until the Gospel is adequately offered to national Missionary Council; Dr. Ida Scudder, of every creature. India; Miss Minnie Deer, an American' Indian; Dr. John A. Mackay, recently of South America,

India-The Greatest Moslem Mission

By the REV. SAMUEL M. ZWEMER, D.D.

Editor of "The Moslem World"

SEVEN years ago I traveled eight thousand one nation know that no Mohammedan can have a nine hundred miles in India, by rail and Hindu relative, and vice versa; that the attach- motor-car, for nearly five months, holding ment of Indian Moslems to Islam as an institution nineteen conferences with over seven hundred transcends all boundaries of race, of language, missionaries working among Moslems, from Ra- and of country. This devotion to Islam has had walpindi to Colombo and from Bombay to Cal- a profound influence in recent years on the ecocutta. The challenge of Indian Islam is as strong nomic, social, and educational condition of every now as it was then. The new census returns have Moslem family from Kashmere to Madras. Hindu only emphasized the need and revealed a great un- and Moslem are divided by a deeper chasm than finished task. The dearth of trained leaders is as separates the castes of Hinduism. Nci strict Mosevident now as it was in 1928 and, as more than lem will eat from the same table with his Hindu one conference resolution expressed it, "the In- neighbor and vice versa. dian Church needs missions to Moslems to help clarify and crystallize her own theological think- 2. Indian Islam is largely an unoccupied mising." The background of Hinduism is pantheistic. sion field. This was the opinion of leading mis- The background of Islam, as of Christianity, is theistic. The Moslem converts reinforce the structure of the indigenous church as steel strengthens concrete. What is the present situation?

No part of the world offers a greater, a more urgent, a more neglected, or a more hopeful field for evangelizing Mohammedans than India. The latest Indian census shows a Moslem population of 77,677,545. This is a larger number of Mohammedans than are found in all Arabia, Persia, Turkey, Egypt, Syria, and Palestine put together. Moreover it shows an increase of two and a half million in a decade – larger numerically but less proportionately than that of Christians. A writer in The Muslim Review (October 1933) spoke of "Vanishing Islam in India," saying: The facts, figures, events and the attitude of non-Mos- sionaries at the Conference on work among Moslems show that the Moslems as a nation are being down- lems in Jerusalem in 1924 and a study of presenttrodden. Once the dominant factor of the world popula- day occupation shows that their judgment was tion, now becoming unimportant; once ruling nation, now becoming slave; once progressing and advancing community, now vanishing. According to the author of Khunke-Ansu, if the Moslem did not struggle to save himself, up to 1999 the whole nation will be swept out.

This note of discouragement and Moslem pes- simism is not warranted by the facts. There are correct. Take, for example, large areas of Bengal "fourteen points" that offer corroborative proof with its twenty-seven and a half million Moslems, for the importance and strength of Indian Islam or the neglected Mappilas of the Southwest coast, and each is an urgent reason for evangelization. not to speak of Afghanistan border-marches and 1. Islam is today the chief obstacle to Indian Baluchistan. A study of the following statistical unity and there/ote to her independence within the tables will reveal the facts as to the Moslem popu- British Empire. Those who seek to make India lation of India.

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A. PROVINCES Moslems periodicals are numbered by hundreds; at least a score are published in English, some in German Ajmer-Merwara …………………… . 97,133 and French, by Indian Moslem students. This is Andaman and Nicobar Islands ……….. . 6,719 the only country that has sent missionaries of Assam …………………………… . 2,755,914 Islam to Europe, America, and Africa, and has Baluchistan (Districts and Administrated enrolled converts of international note such as 405,309 Lord Headley, St. Clair Philby, Pickthall, Shel- Territories) …………………….. . 27,497,624 drake and others. Indian Moslems are responsible Bengal …………………………… . for the mosques in Berlin, in London, in Perth Bihar and Orissa ………………….. . 4,264,790 (Australia), and in Brazil and Trinidad. The Bombay ………………………….. . 4,456,897 recent new translations of the Koran, with com- Burma …………………………… . mentary, into English, German, Dutch, Afrikaans, Central Provinces and Berar …………. . 584,839 Chinese, and Japanese are due to Indian influence Coorg ……………………………. . 682,854 and scholarship. Delhi ……………………………. . 13,777 Madras …………………………… ' 206,960 5. The millions of Moslems in India are more North West Frontier Province (Districts and 3,305,937 accessible and have greater religious and social liberty than those of any other land. This is pri- Administrated Territories) ………… . 2,227,303 marily due to easy communication by great na- Punjab ………………………….. . 13,332,460 tional highways, railroads, coast steamers, and United Provinces ………………….. . the cheapness and safety of travel across con- 7,181,927 tinental areas at all seasons of the year. Add to this a remarkable freedom of speech and of the 67,020,443 press under British rule. The printed page can go everywhere by a postal system which has no B. STATES AND AGENCIES Moslems rival in all Asia. What has been done in Japan by newspaper evangelism might be accomplished Assam States ……………………… . 24,600 in India in several great languages for a much Baluchistan States …………………. . 392,784 larger area and on an even larger scale. Nor can Baroda State ……………………… . 182,630 we forget that in India converts have protection, Bengal States …………………….. . 312,476 freedom of speech and worship and that the dread- Bihar and Orissa States …………….. . 19,516 fullaw of apostasy can no longer be applied under Bombay States ……………………. . 414,931 the Indian Government. God has set before us an Central India Agency ………………. . 376,637 open door which no man can shut. Central Provinces States ……………. . 23,254 Gwalior State …………………….. . 204,297 6. The work of preparation for widespread Hyderabad State ………………….. . 1,534,666 evangelism is already accomplished. The Bible Jammu and Kashmir State …………… . 2,817,636 has been translated into every Mohammedan lan- Madras States Agency ………………. . 467,396 guage of India-Urdu, Bengali, Punjabi, Tamil, Mysore State ……………………… . 398,628 Telegu, Pushtu, Kashmiri, Gujrati, Sindhi, Ma- North-West Frontier Province (Agencies and layalam, etc. Others have labored in this field and 23,086 those who go to India now have entered into their Tribal Areas) …………………… . 40,845 labors. The same is true of special Christian lit- Punjab States …………………….. . 1,556,591 erature for Moslem readers. In most of the lan- Punjab States Agency ………………. . 1,069,325 guages named there is a growing library of books Rajputana Agency …………………. . and tracts suited to the mind of Moslems and with Sikkim State ……………………… . 104 the right approach to their hearts and consciences. United Provinces States …………….. . 252,131 West India States Agency …………… . 545,569 7. The Indian Church is becoming conscious of its duty to Islam. That church in all its branches 10,657,102 now counts adherents to the number of 5,961,000 or one professing Christian to every 57 of the Grand Total …………………… 77,677,545 total popUlation which by the same census is 353 millions. "The Christian Church has more than 3. Whole districts are without one Christian doubled itself in thirty years," says the editor of Dnyanodaya. While only one among eighty-one missionary to Moslems. Such areas, wholly 01: Moslem females is literate, according to the last census, one in six is literate among the Christians predominantly Mohammedan, include J alpaigurf, of India. Among males the proportion is one to Cooch, Bihar, Dinajpur MaIda, Birbhum, Bur- eleven for Moslems and one to four for Christians. dwan, and the Naokli Districts of Bengal Prov- Such knowledge is a sacred trust. Noblesse oblige inces. In the Naokli district alone there are 1,423,- 000 Moslems. No Christian work is carried on among the million and a half of Malayalam-speaking Moslems of Malabar. In such large metropolitan centers as Bombay, Oalcutta, Madras, and Kerachi the present staff available for work among Moslems is pitifully small compared with the mass of the population.

4. Indian Moslems have for over two decades exercised an enormous influence outside of India through their press and propaganda and diaspora. In this respect India is unique among all Mohammedan lands. Indian Moslem magazines and

INDIA-THE GREATEST MOSLEM MISSION FIELD

applies also to the nobility of reading the word of Islamics founded in 1930 provides a center of re- God to one's illiterate neighbors. search and for the special training of workers and the preparation of literature. Although no accurate statistics are yet available regarding the number of converts among Islam in At the conclusion of five years the School may the Indian Church, that number is large and stead- be proud of its record. In addition to the special ily increasing. Dr. E. M. Wherry wrote some training of thirty students at Lahore, from South years ago: Arcot to Orissa, there has been extension work at summer conferences where fully a thousand mis- The accessions from Islam, especially in Northern India, sionaries received special instruction in Islam. have been continuous during all the years since the death of Henry Martyn. As one looks over the rolls of church 9. Indian Islam is not tribal or national but conmembership, he is surprised to find so many converts from tinental. All races have yielded to Islam. The Islam. In the North, especially the PUnjab, and the Moslem population in the census includes Sheikhs, Northwest Frontier Province, every congregation has a Seyyids, Moghuls, Pathans, Sindhis, Bohras, Barepresentation from the Moslem ranks. Some of the luchis, Arabs,Farsis, Labbais, Moplahs, Khojas, churches have a majority of their membership gathered Memens and other racial groups with special from amongst the Mussulmans. In a few cases there has names of origin used by themselves and which in been something like a movement among Moslems towards some cases approach in definite' cleavage to that Christianity, and a considerable number have come out at of Hindu caste. one time. But perhaps the fact which tells most clearly the story of the advance of Christianity among Moslems It is estimated that six millions today are of in India is this, that among the native pastors and Chris- Afghan or Pathan blood, three hundred thousand tian preachers and teachers in North India, there are at of Persian al)d many of Arab origin. least two hundred who were once followers of Islam.

In the Punjab alone the converts now number several thousand and among them are some of the outstanding leaders of the Indian Church. The missionaries at the Bogra Conference in 1928 estimated the number of baptized Moslems in Bengal at sixteen thousand.

There are literally thousands of converts from Islam in the Indian Church, especially in Bengal and the Punjab, many of them outstanding leaders and courageous apostles. Sporadic conversions are more ' frequent all over India and today educated Moslems throng to hear the outspoken messages of evangelists like E. Stanley Jones and others. The old spirit of fanatic intolerance is disappearing.

8. These thousands of living converts from .. y~ y.;, ,,16) ~"""..lI;ntljlD u __~~ Islam are becoming aware of their spiritual ~a….iW~~iI ~Jl5~ """'<uLJ~ro ~rr solidarity and await mobilization in the forces 0/ * .f~..~….e>"" ~""""!l/!l~ ~"",Qj&C.. ~~ organized evangelism. There is the League of Missionaries to Moslems, which is a voluntary or- ~ OJItlU&&I!'4LR~,,{.i'<Or""';' "rurur;.i!tD ""'" ganization with nearly six hundred members who are banded together in a fellowship of prayer. (!PtD IW>~ ~,,&I &I!;'il!J'ru~&rr G<JWu'li~ t These widely scattered members are kept in touch with each other through a monthly bulletin. The * I!J'!l/!ltDtn'"' tp~ru "ru",ru""'!l/!l~ ~~~ 6J;oru", .j; value of the league may also be measured by the fact that it has been in existence for twenty-three LR…Cui/!6lIIID ~….fI'" ~116Jrr~G~ ~ru years. I ._fofJlJI'II~Ul..s.iT~e&ur.ofwlmi.tDl&<l<1>fj.tlp'"epCRu',"flm~~r wr6r ) i jIII&6jtD ~t1:'"" -r.t&i>I, IUIIJlLuru ~NIB"'. :r Another organization of great value is the Com- #.H- -te>-k- -H-i-f- -H–t+- -…,.:-.-*.)+- ……..- -t+fi- ….,+c- -» mittee for all India on Literature for Moslems under the leadership of the Rev. M. T. Titus, Ph.D. TITLE PAGE OF A TAMIL KORAN Their last report told of sixty-two new books and tracts issued in ten different languages, totaling 10. Islam in India is polyglot. This emphasizes 588,500 copies and 4,298,000 pages. There is also the importance of the press to an extent that few the Brotherhood of Andrew in Lahore, composed realize. The Arab alphabet and the Koran are largely of Moslem converts, which carries on an effective evangelism and rilns a convert's home. In this connection the Henry Martyn School of

found everywhere, but Arabic has not displaced To establish,primary schools and m,aktabs for the boys any Indian language, although it has influenced and girls and night schools for adults, as well as centres all Moslem speech and introduced in large areas for physical training, wherever possible in connection with a peculiar patois which is designated as Mussul- the mosques. man-Bengali, Mussulman-Gujrati, etc., and is not 13. There is a new attitude toward the Gospel always intelligible to non-Moslems. message, The bold, ringing testimony of converts 11. Moslems nevertheless are more illiterate is having its effect. We hear of a member of the royal family from Afghanistan banished from his than Christians or Hindus. This fact, to which native land and now a professor of Arabic in a we have already alluded, shows the urgent need of Christian college; of another Afghan, a graduate evangelists who can preach the Word of God to of an English university, who in his recent book the illiterate, even as Christ and the Apostles did. on comparative religion Lights of Asia gives re- The backward provinces are Northwest India and markable testimony to Jesus as Saviour and Lord. Eastern Bengal; in the ancient centres of Moslem Public confession and baptism 'are becoming poscivilization the level of education is as high or in sible nearly everywhere. The Bible is eagerly read and the questions Moslems now raise regardsome cases even higher than among the Hindus. ing its content prove that they are earnest stu- Here again there is a great diversity. dents of the Word. As Dr. M. T. Titus writes: 12. The activity of Islam in its propaganda, its The spirit of Henry Martyn is not dead. There are organizations, enterprise, and the liberality of more missionaries than ever before in India who are linked Moslems in its support are a challenge to Chris- together for effective work among Moslems. The same tians. The chief propaganda organizations, with may be said of Indian workers. There is more literature branches everywhere, are Jamiat-i-Tabligh (head- produced in more languages, and there are better facilities for distribution than ever before. From all over the land come reports which indicate that there are more inquirers, and more conversions among Moslems than ever before.

ALL-INDIA COMMITTEE ON LITERATURE FOR MOSLEMS 14. Finally, there is great need for apostolic Rev. J. A. Subhan, Rev. M. T. Titus, Mr. Warls, S.M.Z., Siraj successors, i. e., for specially trained leadership. What a glorious heritage India has in Henry ud Din, Bevan Jones. The three natives are all Martyn, Karl Pfander, Bishop Lefroy, Bishop Moslem converts of outstanding ability. French, Dr. E. M. Wherry, Drs. Rouse, Goldsack, Takle, Canon Sell, Imad-ud-Din, and others! How quarters at Amballa), the Tanzim movement in they would have rejoiced to see the present op- Bengal and the United Provinces, the Khuddam- portunity. Who follows in their train? Who i-Ka'aba .(Lucknow), a Shiah organization, the will take up their unfinished task? Only those Ahmadiyas at Qadian and Lahore, arid the Khojas who give themselves wholly to it will succeed. of Bombay, backed by the wealth of the Aga Khan. The objects of all these organized movements are Special preparation for this work should inwell expressed in the printed circular of1he Tan- clude a knowledge of Islam and of Urdu, the zim of Bengal, from which we quote: lingua franca all over India. In Northern India this is fully realized, but in Southern India some To establish unity and solidarity among Moslems of all are still unconvinced of the necessity. The other classes and views by propagating the general principles side is presented in a letter written a few years and ideals of Islam and )nsisting upon religious observ- ago by the Rev. A. Hickling, of the London Misances, congregational daily and Friday prayers and en- sionary Society, in Madras Presidency: couraging tabligk (i. e., preaching or propaganda). , Work among Mussulmans involves, in my opinion, spe- To reorganize the mosques as units of economic and cial preparation both of missionaries and Indian Chriseducational as well as moral and religious reform, and to tians who undertake it. The attitude of mind needed for reform and regularize the sermons and the spiritual and effective presentation of the Gospel to Hindus can only be moral instruction of the masses. gained by careful preparation, and those who have had this preparation can only very rarely readapt themselves to the absolutely different presuppositions of the Mussul- man.

With even a score of such qualified workers it . would be possible to reach the neglected Moslem masses with the Gospel by tongue and pen in a way that would fulfill .the highest hopes of the lonely workers who now face an almost impossible task with patience and courage. For Jesus Christ and not Mohammed will wear the crown of India.

Can a Pastor Promote Missions?

By the REV. VICTOR G. MILLS, D.D.

Pastor of the First Methodist Episcopal Church, Montclair, New Jersey T HIS question assumes a pastor who is him- son all his preaching with missionary references self interested in missions and desirous of and the missionary spirit, and he can arrange promoting the cause in his church. Perhaps such classes and study courses as he may find de- that ought to be a justifiable assumption for the sirable. Of course all this must be done with fine ministry as a whole, but unfortunately there is a tact and understanding. A misguided enthusiast good deal of evidence to show that the facts are might easily defeat his own purposes and do the otherwise. In a group of missionaries the state- cause harm by irritating repetition or provocative ment was made not long ago, and supported by insistence upon his own views of things. But the the group as a whole, that in a great majority of pastor who, with real understanding of other the churches visited by missionary representatives points of view and a tactful presentation of his no adequate background of information or inter- own, keeps the missionary obligation and oppor- est was found ready for the visitor's story; the tunity constantly before his people, cannot fail to speaker had to proceed on the supposition that his arouse interest in the thing which he himself be- audience would know little or nothing about the lieves so deeply. Just how this matter of pastoral cause which he was there to present. This state- instruction and inspiration is to be carried out ment, in so far as it is true to the facts, reveals a must be left to the individual. Only, let every real failure on the part of the ministry and such pastor keep steadily before him the fact that the failure can only be due to a lack of interest in the primary responsibility is his and his alone, that whole missionary project. the opportunity is also his, and that if he will use But we are addressing the pastors who do care, his opportunity of pulpit and classroom to the full, the men who believe heart and soul in the mission- his church will not fail to see the Gospel of Christ ary obligation and desire to find ways in which for what it is, a missionary Gospel.

they may more effectively impart their own deep Then, having done all that he can do in the way interest to the minds and hearts of their people. of pastoral instruction and inspiration, let the in- What suggestions can be offered to such men, terested minister support his own work with aid some of whom will be dealing with hard-boiled from without. The most obvious resource for congregations that care little about the salvation this purpose is a personal presentation of the of any souls beyond the horizon of their own com- cause by a missionary from the field. Apparently munity? an easy matter to arrange, but really a business First, let it be said that a truly missionary- that must be handled with great care. The right minded pastor will do something toward the crea- missionary, saying the right thing at the right tion of missionary interest by his very presence time, will be a tremendous help in the pastor's in pulpit and parish. The power of unconscious campaign of missionary education. But, alas, the influence is very great, and when a sincere man wrong person, saying the wrong thing or saying believes anything deepiy, that fact is bound to the right thing in the wrong way, may be the make itself felt in all his contacts with others. means of undoing much good work and fortifying If a minister has any measure of the missionary opposition. mind of St. Paul, his people will know it and be How can we be sure of the outcome? We caninfluenced by it, and whatever their response may be they will at least know that the Kingdom of not, but at least we can do some things to help. God in its world-wide aspects has come nigh unto We can bring in our missionary, not as a mere them. pUlpit supply to fill in when the pastor is sick or absent, nor as a chance speaker for some anni- But the minister who has enough missionary versary, but as an ambassador purposely selected conviction to be a source of radiating influence for a particular date and purpose. The mission will never be content to stop there. If he were so boards cannot guarantee the effectiveness of the content his influence would cease. The real advo- representatives they send out, but if they are cate of the cause will go on with a positive cam- asked to cooperate in providing a certain type of paign of instruction and inspiration. And just speaker for such and such a situation they can here, I think, is the pastor's greatest opportunity. help us attain our objective. Then let the pastor The pulpit is his, and the program of the church prepare the way. (Remember, this is what the is largely his to determine. He can preach as missionaries say is seldom done.) Let him premany missionary Sermons as he will i he can sea- pare by creating an atmosphere, by supplying pre- [219 ]

liminary facts, so that the speaker when he comes to a work and to persons that they know. The will be able to devote his time to that which he minister cannot compel his church to accept a alone can give out of his own experience. Above parish abroad or to support a particular person all, let all this be arranged beforehand, so that or project. Even if such a relationship is estabminister and missionary understand each other lished he will find many in his congregation who and work together toward a common goal. The have no interest in it. But the quiet, unseen inresult of such a visit, as we have said, cannot be fluence of more personal contacts does have its guaranteed, for the personal element is ever there effect, and therefore if the minister who cares to make for uncertainty, but it is always worth can induce his people to relate themselves in any trying and when the combination is right the re- way, however slight, to some definite part of the sult is a tremendous impetus to missionary edu- world field, he has acquired an invaluable aid to cation and interest. the realization of his hopes and plans.

A Personal Representative Magazines and Leaflets A more effective resource, because more abiding Printed matter is the other chief resource of in its influence, is the missionary project or a per- the pastor who would promote missionary intersonal representative on the field. Of course, there est. Here, of course, he is limited by the quality are churches which will not enter into such an and quantity of the material available, but here arrangement because they are not yet sufficiently too, as in the case of visiting speakers, careful missionary-minded. But as soon as it is found selection and discriminating use of the best can possible, such an objective contact with the field be made to pay dividends in new interest and supshould be made, as it provides an invaluable aid port. It is unfortunate that better printed matter in arousing and maintaining interest. We refer relating to missions is not available. The missionhere, of course, to a genuine relationship between ary and his work are so grossly misrepresented in church and missionary, and not to that formality many secular journals that a true picture ought which ends with placing the missionary's name on to be presented by the church boards and other the church calendar and designating a few dol- mISSIOnary agencies. This is done to some exlars to his particular work. tent, but I think it is not unfair to say that a good deal of the material put out in support of One church has taken for its primary obliga- missions not only fails to correct wrong imprestion the support of a splendid missionary in sions from other sources, but even accentuates Japan. His picture is on the walls of the church these impressions by presenting the subject in an schoolroom. He has visited the church when in unreal, uninteresting manner. In a day of vivid America. He sends a multigraph letter at inter- advertising and beautiful printing the missionary vals to many families in the church and several of cause ought to have the benefit of the best both in them write to him occasionally. These contacts material and appearance. Such material would make this missionary and his work very real to cost money, and no mission board has too much of that whole congregation, with the result that no that, but a little of the best would be a far better one in that church can think of the'missionary investment than tons of drab, uninteresting readcause, either favorably or unfavorably, without ing matter. thinking of it in terms of that fine representative and his splendid work in Japan. However, the interested pastor must use what he finds available, and if he is on the lookout for In another church, a beloved missionary repre- something worth reading and distributing he will sentative in West China, who has visited the home find it, at least occasionally. When he does, let church when in this country, recently sent back him put it into the homes of his people, and if this by a returning missionary a beautifully embroid- can be done just as a matter of general interest ered silk wall hanging which bears in picture and without any accompanying appeal for gifts, form one of the legends of old China. This piece so much the better. Perhaps the pastor can find now hangs on the wall of one of the church good material of his own, newspaper clippings rooms and has been interpreted to the children of or quotations from influential nonmissionary the school from a description provided. All of sources, which can be circulated by multigraph or this has brought West China and eastern America through the church bulletin. Only let him make. much closer together and has made the mission- sure that whatever is used is arresting, interestary interest of that church personal and vital. In' ing, and good enough to catch and hold the attenthis same church school various classes have for tion of that typical unmissionary or antimissionsome years had their own individual projects in ary layman in the pews. Books may also be cirvarious parts of the missionary field, both at home culated and they will help materially to break and abroad, have been in communication with down prejudice and give enlightenment-if they their representatives, and thus have been giving be of the right type. Unfortunately too many while holding a truer conception of missions, still missionary books lack an arresting quality in title withhold interest and support because "there is and appearance that might challenge the interest so much to do at home." The minister must be of nonmissionary readers. But now and then patient and infinitely tactful with all these of there are great books that meet the necessities of backward mind. He must shape his program the case and they may be used effectively. Albert with them particularly in view. Whatever tends Schweitzer's "Out of My Life and Thought," for to break down prejudice and give a truer picture example, is a tremendous missionary tract and of the missionary and his work, this he will use can be used to good effect either as loaned for in sermon, in study class, in printed form-in any reading or for group study or midweek service. form in which it may be avai1able. In other words, The pastor who cares will do well to remember the missionary pastor is an ambassador for misthat the main part of his task is the overcoming sions, just as he is an ambassador for Christ, and of ignorance and prejudice in the minds of his just as he seeks to commend his Master in all people. Perhaps we should say, ignorant preju- things to those who do not know him, so. he seeks dice. His procedure must be directed by this fact. to commend the Master's world-reaching program For too many people in the pews the missionary in every way to those who as yet see that program is still the frock-coated, high-hatted busybody of only in reference to their own personal salvation. the comic papers or, at best, the devoted but mis-. Such an ambassador is in the true apostolic sucguided enthusiast who has gone to foreign parts cession from St. Paul who was at once the first to induce contented non-Christians to change their Christian missionary and a good minister of Jesus religion. And with these are many more who, Christ.

Missionary Letters to the Home Church By JULIA LAKE KELLERSBERGER, Bibango, Congo BeIge Missionary of the American Presbyterian Congo Mission O N OCTOBER 3, 1931, a young American- important in putting the message across to the Italian poet, Lauro de Bosis, voluntarily home folks whose heads are in the clouds and feet gave his life in an anti-Fascist publicity in ruts and hands in their neighbor's pockets. air raid over Rome, strewing leaflets like flying Letters from the field make us feel unfaithful, and snowflakes over the Italian Capital. On his way that is what we really are at home; we must feel to the aviation field he mailed a letter for publica- that way to do anything about it. Our church tion in which he said: "I shall not die until after supports a missionary couple but they never write I have delivered my 400,000 letters. I hope that a line to us from one five years to another. It is many others will follow me and will at last suc- hard to interest a church that never hears anyceed in rousing public opinion." His plane was thing about them." probably shot down or dropped into the sea for it was never heard from after that memorable "Information plus inspiration will lead to connight. summation."

Here was a young patriot who willingly died The following excuses come from neglectful in an effort to give publicity to his patriotic ideals. mission workers: There are too few missionaries, soaring in heavenly places, who are willing to devote time and "I'm too busy." A son should not be so busy talent to an effort toward arousing the people at carrying on his studies that he has no time to home to a more vital interest in the advancement write the father who supports him. The home of the Kingdom of God. And yet we sometimes church feels in the same way about representacomplain that friends at home are not really in- tives who are too occupied to keep sacrificial supterested. We cannot understand why mission porters informed about the work. funds run so low, while the coffers of tobacco and oil companies are filled by professing Christian ItI never write. My friends have learned not to consumers of their wares. The reason for their expect letters." This is sometimes said in a boastsuccess is that every great business concern spends ing way, as if it were a worthy excuse for laziness. millions of dollars in making their enterprise widely known. "I am a missionary and time spent writing home means neglect of my work. It is wasted The wife of the Y. M. C. A. Secretary of a large time." Mission support would cease if all should follow this short-sighted policy. American university writes: "Letter::; are very "I'm not an author. I dread going home because when asked to talk I can think of nothing to say." One's spiritual wells must be dry indeed, if not even one pail of water can be drawn from them. said, "Lord, I thank Thee that I am ignorant. God opened Hagar's eyes and "she saw a well of Make me igno-runter." water." "I counsel thee," says John in his Revelation, "to buy eyesalve to anoint thine eyes that We missionaries must not only tell the good thou mayest see . . ." Each saved soul is a mir- news of Christ to the non-Christian world but we acle message; every child taught is a Book of must tell the news of Christ's work to the home Promise; every unanswered message from home church. Tell it with letters and with kodak picis an opportunity lost and may produce a dis- tures, picture post cards, foreign stamps, drawcouraged supporter of the work. As Dr. S. D. ings, maps, bits of native products or other inter- Gordan says, "Every Christian is a Bible bound in esting things slipped in letters which can be used shoe leather, walking around that the world may of God to interest adults and young people at read." Missionaries are often the only missionary home. newssheet that friends will read. If that news is stale, whose fault is it? Everyone has some talent which can be used to interest friends in the work of Christ through- The ignorance of many educated people concern- out the world. "What is that in thine hand ?" Is ing mission work is astounding. Many in an it a pencil or a pen? Is it a paint brush or a noteaudience do not know the difference between Li- book filled with daily incidents of human interest? beria and Siberia. Mr. Smith, from the Congo, "What is that in thy hand?" Is it a typewriter, may be asked if he knows and ever sees Mr. or a carbon sheet, a simple mission picture or a Smith from Brazil. Such people do not need to native object lesson? Like Paul, we need to be pray the prayer of the little mountain girl who ambitious to be "all things to all men that by all means we may win some."

Publicity Letters from Africa -·'-lii!11 Sent by REV. PLUMER SMITH, of Mutoto II~'- How We Spend Sunday at the Congo goat. Tumba was never stingy with the departed one's spirit. Then he became a Christian preacher W E ARE here, thirty-three miles from and wished to go back to his old home to find his Mutoto attending a native conference with remaining relatives. There they told him that his thirty native preachers and their wives. mother, Tshinga, was still living. He bounded to At daylight we drove two miles for a sunrise serv- his mother, whom he had not seen in twenty years, ice in the workmen's village. One leaf of a Model- and hugged her tight. He brought her to his own T Ford spring and clapper formed the bell that home and taught her about Christ. Tumba knows called us to the service. now that the witch doctors were liars and robbers and he wishes he had all the good meat to give her Two services before breakfast gives one a good alive, that he gave to her spirit, when he thought appetite. Our room is small; two beds, one trunk, she was dead. Tshinga has gone to Heaven now one table and one chair fill it up. We have rats and Tumba is almost blind from sleeping sickness and toads to fill up extra corners, but they are a but he walks almost a mile each day to teach the good sign that no snakes are in the house. other patients the catechism and to sing, "There is a Happy Land." When you see a big old black At 11 a. m. we held another church service, and man standing in the front row of Heaven making at 3 p. m. a communion service. Christians walked a joyful noise, just walk up, grab him by the hand from four different villages to this sacrament. At and say, "Muoyo (Life to you), Tumba Luka." 4: 30, we were back again to the soldier's camp for another Lord's Supper. Six little black chil- A Visit to the Pigmies dren sang for us, and we had sweet fellowship together. It was Sunday morning. We were on a trip 100 miles north of our station. Half an hour's When we reached our home for the second time walk brought us to a village of Pigmies where that day 144 were waiting to hear the evening some of the leaders were painting their arrows message. Six services that day, and still they with poison. The bark of the roots had been wanted more. How do you spend your Sundays? stewed and with a feather the pigmies would paint the points of the arrows for two inches, past the Tumba Luka, who had been sold into slavery, notches. One of the little men looked "hard became a trader and was earning money. Whenever he became sick the conjurer would tell him that his mother was dead and wished a fowl or a

PUBLICITY LETTERS FROM AF~ICA

boiled." 1 kept my missionary eye on him, hop- very hard for these older natives to become real ing that he would not point his arrow at me. When Christians. After seven months 1 met Kalonshi we asked if they would like to hear some preach- again. He had been baptized as a Christian and ing, they replied that they were not pining for had taken the Christian name of Joseph. If you any preaching. Then 1 found some shade and Africanize it you get "Josefu." This is the story played the phonograph and brother "Hard Boiled" he told of his remarkable conversion: and everybody else came. We had songs and pictures, a short talk and prayer. When 1 told old "My father was Ngala. On his deathbed he "Hard Boiled" good-bye he begged for a song called to me that he was dying. 1 said, 'Father, book. 1 said, "You cannot sing. What will you when a man is near death he calls the Roman do with a book." He replied, "1 will line it out Catholic catechist who baptizes him, so he will be and listen:' J esu munanga, Jesu munanga, Jesu saved.' He replied, '1 have no faith in this white munanga, Unfuile luse." (Jesus Beloved, Jesus man's God.' Father Ngala died and we mourned Beloved, Jesus Beloved, Show unto us Mercy.) He for him for many days. Then one night father got the song book. Three months later the pigmy Ngala came back to me with a book in his hand village sent this message to us: "Where is our and said: evangelist ?" " 'My son, Kalonshi, quit your old customs. Re- The Elephant Trapper pent and turn to God.' Here was my father who never had a book in his hand during his lifetime .Bakatuhenda, our native preacher, came to me and who never worshiped the white man's God and said, "One of our adherents has put aside an coming to me with this message from the dead. elephant tusk as his Christmas thank-offering. White man, tell him to come clean with the Lord "Now here is my hunting fetish. 1 bought it and to be willing to give his whole heart for he for ten goats. I kept it in the forest under a palm is keeping something back. He is not willing to tree. If two palm nuts fell I knew there were give up his hunting fetish." Kalonshi, the ele- two animals in the forest. If there were no palm phant hunter, was almost sixty years old. It is nuts under the tree I did not set the trap. Now 1 have stopped hunting. I am a Christian and I worship the Lord and let the elephants ijve."

By Courtesy of The Christian Observer, Louisville, Kentucky. Here is a picturesque glimpse of the contrast between old .heathen Africa and modern Christian life as seen in the recent visit of Dr. John R. Mott to the Congo field. Dr. Mott is here shown with Dr. Motte Martin of the Presbyterian mission and three Bakuba dancers In costume. Dr. Mott described the work of the Congo mission as "marvelous."

Problems inhPuerto

Observations on a Joint Visit of Missionary Secretaries -.j By the REV. CHARLES s. DETWEILER, New York }3t-.- American Baptist Home Mission Society ~==========================~ 'pUERTO RICO is a laboratory in which plans United States. The crude death rate is 2Ya times for cooperation are being worked out and are larger than that of continental United States. constantly scrutinized. The officers of Amer- A professor in the University of Puerto Rico ican mission boards administering work there re- reported that the average income of the laborer solved to visit the island at the same time in Feb- on coffee or tobacco estates is only $135 per year, ruary this year and together study the field, to learn from one another's experience and to plan and on sugar estates $269 per year, of which 940/0 for better cooperation. The denominations rep- is spent for food and clothing. The people of resented in this joint tour were Baptist, Congre- Puerto Rico buy 9.2 pounds of meat and 10 qua:c.ts . gationalist, Disciples, Methodist, Presbyterian and of milk per capita each year. Sugar cane is by far the largest crop on the island; the richest United Brethren. In addition to their denomina- lands are used for it and of these two-thirds are tional schools, hospitals and neighborhood houses, in the hands of nine operators. This concentrathey own in common a press, a paper, a book de- tion of land has taken place through unfair conpository and a seminary; their churches are tracts with the colono, or small farmers. The united in an Association, in whose annual meeting agricultural part of sugar production bears 80 the Christian and Missionary Alliance and the per cent of the cost, and the mill bears only 20 Lutheran churches also participate. per cent. And yet practically all the risks, such as insects, drought and plant disease, must be For three and a half days the delegation toured borne by agriculture. The income is divided into the island, stopping to observe mission plants, and 40 per cent for the manufacturing side, and 60 concluding each day with a public conference to per cent for the agricultural side. On this basis which the pastor and two laymen from each the colono always loses in the long run. Now very church in the district were invited. Questions late in this process the Government is undertaking were asked and answered on general economic and to reverse this trend toward land concentration. moral conditions and on the needs and difficulties of the churches in Christianizing the island. One of the most encouraging of government ac- The first condition noted is the rapid growth of tivities noted by the delegation is the second-unit school in the. country, of which there are now the population. In the words of the Commissioner thirty-nine. These are consolidated rural schools of Education: of a vocational type, offering to children above the third grade, in addition to the usual academic sub- The population has grown about 1,000 per cent in the jects, agriculture, home economics and various last century and a quarter, without a corresponding in- trades which enable them to increase their earncrease in the means of subsistence. The Malthusian checks, ings. Also the Puerto Rico Emergency Relief such as war, pestilence and birth control, have proved in- Administration with federal money is developing effective. During this period of phenomenal growth we truck gardening for the unemployed, and is stimhad only one invasion, which changed the sovereignty with- ulating to an unusual degree the movement to out reducing the population; we had several plagues but make Puerto Rico more self-contained as far as these failed to stem the rising birth rate, and birth control food is concerned. In the past too large a proporhas only recently achieved the status of an academic ques- tion of her foodstuffs has been imported. tion. We have today a density of 450 inhabitants to the square mile and our families average over eight persons. As to improving moral conditions the Govern-. We have achieved mass-production in population and we are still going strong. Hurricanes, which are our local ment has not made so good a showing as in solving substitutes for war, do more damage to the means of subsistence than to the inhabitants. economic problems. Nearly twenty years ago the legislature legalized race-track gambling; about From the Commissioner of Health we learned two years ago Governor Gore took the initiative in that the leading diseases are tuberculosis, hook- legalizing cock-fighting, and more recently, under worm and malaria. The death rate from tuberculosis is rising, being now 387 per one hundred thousand, or over four times the rate in the Governor Winship, the Government has estab- [224 ] lished a lottery. A small reduction has been regis- sion was almost entirely separated from its detered in illegitimacy in the last twenty-five years, nominational allegiance. The problem presented but it is still a giant specter in the land. by this movement on the island was never out of mind in the discussions of the three-day confer- Protestant missionary work began in 1899 and ence held at the close of the tour. thirty-four years later, in 1933, Puerto Rico had 276 organized Protestant churches, with a mem- Nineteen years ago a similar conference had bership of 24,000 and a Sunday school enrollment been held in the same place-Blanche Kellogg Inof 45,000. In 1932 these churches contributed stitute in Santurce. This girls' high school, be- $90,000 for self-support and more than $20,000 longing to the Congregational Board, is greatly for benevolences. Many of the Puerto Rican min- improved, both in its physical plant and in its isters are seminary-trained men and a large pro- student body, compared with what it was nineportion of them are college or university grad- teen years ago; the conference that met there was uates. Our public conferences brought out the also very different-principally in that the Puerto fact that evangelicals have won public sympathy; Rican members were more numerous and more their children have high standing in the schools; prominent in leadership. This year there was no pastors are frequently consulted by civic authori- lack of plain speaking in discussing common probties, and are leaders in Parent-Teacher organiza- lems, and alleged failures. One thing dwelt upon tions. The Roman Catholic Church pays Prot- was the failure to evangelize the higher classes, estant workers the most sincere flattery of copying and the lack of evangelical influence in the unitheir methods. It is today far more aggressive versity. Some were unwilling to admit this. Anthan ever before in its history and is trying to re- other tender spot was the Evangelical Seminary cover lost ground. Spiritism, which twenty-five which, it was generally agreed, must be brought years ago seemed to have more of a hold upon the into closer touch with the churches, and must expopular mind than Roman Catholicism, has defi- tend its service to them. At present the reducnitely lost ground. The intellectuals have aban- tions in the mission budgets make it impossible doned it, although it is still strong in rural areas. to have more than a very small student body. There is less rationalism and infidelity than twenty-five years ago and the attacks of free- Among the recommendations of the conferthinkers are not as noticeable as formerly. ences, the following are outstanding: Puerto Rican evangelicals are aggressively 1. The appointment of a secretary of Christian Educaevangelistic. At the time of our visit the churches tion whc> will give his whole time to the work; until such were engaged in a simultaneous "Crusade of the a secretary is found, and the time is ripe for him, the Faith" which was to culminate at Easter. A Committee on Education of the Ass·ociation of Evangelical series of tracts written by Puerto Ricans had been Churches shall organize in such a way as to make its secrepublished for wide distribution in this crusade. tary the officer in charge, without salary but with sufficient Judging from the crowded congregations we found expense budget to meet the immediate needs of this work. everywhere, and the overflowing Sunday schools, Protestants have no difficulty in getting a hearing 2. The appointment of a committee to formulate church for the evangelical message. Westopped for an standards which shall be recognized as a minimum of athour at a town where an interdenominational lay- tainment possible to every church. men's convention was in session. Among other activities, this organization has to its credit the 3. That the pastors take the initiative in protecting thp maintenance of regular evangelical preaching good name of the ministry by their own discipliIl'ary action. services over the air. 4. That the Association study the possibility of appoint- In the past two years a divisive movement has ing a minister to represent all denominations in work appeared on the island called the Defenders of the among students at the University of Puerto Rico. Faith, the leaders of which announced their willingness to cooperate with all Protestant bodies 5. That more attention be given to the evangelization of and not to organize separate churches. This pur- rural districts, and with more social service, since this is pose, however, was quickly changed and soon they the largest and most neglected part of Puerto Rico's popbegan to draw away disciples from the established ulation. denominations and to organize them in their own way. They use sensational methods in their wor- The conference learned with regret that the ship, such as public meetings for physical healing, island is not well supplied with Bibles and Testaclapping of hands, speaking with tongues, and ments, a sufficient stock rarely being available to other noisy demonstrations. These methods were meet the demands. There is great need of coltaken up by some of the weaker ministers in two porteur service to prosecute this most fundamental or three of the evangelical missions, and one mis- type of evangelism-placing the sacred Scriptures in the hands of the people.

Puerto Rico has made great strides in interde- nominational cooperation and in promoting the unity of the Spirit. It was generally recognized that if further progress is to be made it will be necessary to effect a similar efficient coordination of all the missionary agencies in the United States that are administering the work on the island.

FAMILY-THE THREE OLDER CHILDREN ARE IN THE MISSION

America's "Last Stronghold of Paganism"* , The Navajo Indians – the Largest Tribe in the United States I II!- -€I By REV. C. C. BROOKS, F",mington, N,w Mciro T HERE are many false impressions about the vation, a territory of thirteen million acres, located American Indians and their religion. Al- in northwestern New "Mexico and northeastern though I had been teaching for ten years in Arizona. We think they came into this part of the the Colorado State College of Agriculture, within United States in about 1300.

fifty miles of the Navajo reservation, I had no Originally the Navajoes were extremely hostile, conception of the great need of these people until living almost entirely by plundering and raiding God's call sent me into definite work for them. their more peaceful neighbors. They were still And now after six years of service, we are just causing a great deal of trouble when the United beginning to understand something of their vast States acquired this territory, but in 1863, after needs. a campaign of starving them out, they submitted To begin with, we of the white race must ac- to segregation in a small reservation in eastern cept the fact that we are all intruders. We have New Mexico. There they were supported by the taken from them the best of their land, leaving government, but became desperately homesick for them the waste places that will barely support a their desert fre~dom. The water made them sick, few sheep. No people as proud and independent they didn't understand the white man's food, even'

as the Navajo people could experience these things trying to eat the flour raw. Epidemics of influenza without deep resentment. The Navajoes are the and smallpox swept through them, taking many.

largest tribe of Indians in the United States, num- So after three years they begged the officials to let b, ering abo..ut 42,000, and live on the largest reser- them return to their former homes, promising • From The Moody Bible Institute Monthly, October, 1934. never again to break the peace. So faithfully have [226 ]

AMERICA'S "LAST STRONGHOLD OF PAGANISM"

they kept that promise that the government has reasons for this. First, their religion and cushad less trouble with the Navajoes since that time toms have a tremendous hold on them, and second, than with almost any other tribe. at no time has the majority of their children been in school. Many who go to school are not there The Navajoes' Independence long enough to get thoroughly acquainted with the white man's way, and when they return to their The government promised them a dole of ra- hogans, they lose what they have learned. tions or money, such as other tribes were receiving, but after discussing it in their tribal council, The Navajoes are by no means a vanishing race. they refused it stating that they wanted their In seventy years they have increased from 7,000 young men to earn their own living. They didn't to over 40,000, and that increase is still going on. want them pauperized. The wisdom of that choice Over and over they have outgrown their reser~ is apparent today, for while many tribes have been vation, and more of the arid desert land has been reduced to a mere shadow of their former inde- given them. Still they do not have enough grazpendence, the Navajoes are noted for their in- ing land for their sheep, but the emphasis today dustry and their freedom from dependence upon is not on assigning more dry land to them, but the white man. At that time the government bringing water to their present holdings so as to promised them education for their children, but increase their productiveness. There are few loat no time has the government kept that promise. calities where any crop-raising is possible, so that Today fully half of the children are not in school the only thing for them to do is to make their livbecause there are no schools for them. This is a ing from their sheep. Each family has its small subject of much bitterness to some of the educated flock, but since it takes an average of six acres to Navajoes today and they say, "We kept our prom- support one sheep, each family must have a large ise, and have never caused any trouble – why grazing territory. doesn't the United States Government keep its promise and give us schools for our children?" Community life is impossible. The hogans, or homes, are widely scattered over the reservation, In 1868 the Navajoes returned from their cap- with no more than from two to four in a camp. tivity; today, nearly seventy years later, we find The reservation averages about two square miles them in much the same conditions as then. They fDr every family, and the homes are scattered in live in their hogans, care for their sheep, hold about that way. The hogans are circular, onetheir ceremonials, enjoy their horseraces, as they room buildings made of rocks and adobe, with log have done for centuries. There are at least two roof and a hole in the center for the smoke (and OLDER MISSION SCHOOL GIRLS. THE ONE AT UPPER RIGHT IS THE GIRL ON PAGE 226

the evil-spirits) to escape. They have little furni- gods are two boys, twins, sons of the sun and the ture, but sleep on sheepskins and rugs on the dirt woman who lives on an island in the Pacific Ocean. floor. Among all their gods, she is the only one who is wholly good. The others all have some evil mixed Family Life and Health with them.

The Navajo men dress much as white men, ex- Medicine Men cept for the inevitable turquoise hanging from the ears or the hair to ward off evil spirits. But A former medicine man, now a native Christian women have a picturesque costume-tight velvet worker, told me that in their theology there is no blouse, full, long skirts, and many beads and silver good god so powerful as the evil gods, so the evil ornaments. must be constantly propitiated. They fear the spirit of the lightning, not as we fear lightning There is a strong bond of affection in the Nav- because of the harm it may do us, but because of ajo homes and a beautiful family loyalty. The the evil spirit behind the lightning. If lightning parents love their children, and on the whole are strikes a cornfield, the field must be "sung" over kind to them. The mother is the final authority, by a medicine man before the corn can be used. especially where the children are concerned. If it strikes a flock of sheep, the flock must be sung over before any of the sheep can be used. The Navajoes are more expressive than most If a Navajo is caught in a whirlwind, especially of the Indian tribes. They are proud, calling if it tears his blanket from him, he must have a therriselves Dineh, the people, and they feel they "sing" to ward off the evil spirit of the whirlwind. are superior to all tribes and races. They are not So he fears the spirit in the lightning, in the whirl- lazy and make excellent workmen in white men's wind, and in the hooting owl. The latter is a projects. They have a keen sense of humor, and spirit of some one departed, and if it continues like nothing better than to play a good joke. three nights in succession, he must move.

The diet of the Navajo family is meager. They But most of all the Navajo fears the spirits that have mutton from their sheep, and at the traders cause sickness and death. Death to him is not a they exchange wool, lambs and rugs for flour and trip to the happy hunting grounds. It is a terrible coffee. These three articles comprise almost the unknown adventure, so terrible that the word entire diet-mutton, fried dough, and coffee. No "death" is never mentioned unless it is absolutely -wonder the children who come are undernour- necessary. ished. Of late years tuberculosis has been mak- ing inroads in spite of their living in a high, dry, In order to heal a sick person, the spirit causing sunny climate. One of our immediate needs is a the trouble must be propitiated, not by sacrifice, hospital cottage with a nurse to care for at least such as is common among most pagan peoples, but our own boys and girls. by the ceremonies held by the medicine men. Dur- ing the day the gods are somewhere in the sky, but False Ideas of Their Religion during the night they come down to see what the people are doing. Therefore the ceremonies are Most serious of all the false impressions regard- held at night, and just at dawn the final prayer is ing Indians is that their religion is beautiful and made facing the gods who are assembled in the sufficient. Nothing could be farther from the east preparatory to returning to the sky. truth. The religion of the Navajoes has been spoken of by one of our Indian Commissioners as The medicine men are well acquainted with a "the last stronghold of paganism in America." number of healing herbs on the reservation. – They Here is a nation of over 40,000 people, with less have one herb which is a powerful emetic, .another than 500 of them Christian. Every seventh man a laxative, one which is a tonic, and they k.;now an is a paEan medicine man and theii hold upon the herb which, when properly prepared, acts as a peopleS is still so strong and <thristian mission local anesthetic. But when the sickness is such work so inadequate, that even now paganism is that these simple remedies cannot help, then only increasing among these people- more rapidly than suffering and sorrow result. Christianity! To many people these ceremonies are merely When white people speak of the religion of the expressions of a primitive faith, and are artistic, red man, they think of the Great Spirit, one benefi- but we know them from another standpoint. Lucy cent, all-powerful God, to whom the Indians pray Weston, a fifteen-year-old girl, had, been in school and upon whom they-(epend. When white people since she was seven. She was quiet, but depend- speak of the Indians' heaven, they call it the able. It did not appear until the latter part of "happy hunting grounds," to which the Indians the·last school year that she had a heart condition are all eager to go. That terminology certainly that would make it impossible for her ever to be did not come from the Navajo Indians! They do strong. We didn't want her to go home, but home not have one all-powerful God, but many whom ties are just as binding with these children as if they fear and to whom they pray. Their chief

medicine men still pass it on unchanged to the people. But the medicine men are not always so sure. Listen to old Hosteen Natani, the medicine man high in the esteem of his people as he speaks to a native Christian after a conversation lasting far into the night: "Yes, Neskahi, we admit it. You have a Book in which the truth is written down, and it does not change. We have only the words of our gods as they were spoken to our fathers long ago. It may be they have been changed in the many tellings. We cannot be sure."

It took great courage for the old man to admit the possibility of error in the teaching that had meant all of life and living to him. and his fathers before him. But he had lived long, had suffered greatly, had thought deeply in the long, lonely hours of his desert wanderings, and had come to realize how unsatisfying were the dry husks of his superstitious beliefs. Somehow in the fresh faith of his young friend, Neskahi, and in the words of his Book, thf' old man dimly saw the pos- A NAVAJO HEATHEN MOTHER WITH HER BABY their homes were palaces, and she felt she must A NAVAJO CHRISTIAN MOTHER WITH HER BABY go. She promised she would rest and take care of herself. We sent word to the parents that she sible realization of the unchanging truth for which must have care. But they, in the blindness and he'had so long sought. darkness of paganism, went to the medicine men. Words of Hope These fellows got all the information they could and then diagnosed the case like this: Lucy had Some of the boys and girls in the mission and been swinging in a, swing at school, had fallen out, government schools where missionaries are workand the fall had broken her heart. Of course if ing, and a few of the older people in the camps, they were paid enough, they could heal her. So are receiving the message of the Gospel of Jesus the parents, willing to make any sacrifice for the Christ, and their lives are being transformed by girl, arranged for ceremony after ceremony, ex- His grace. We have at Farmington a Methodist citing the child and gradually wearing out her Mission school for 90 Navajo children. Most of little remaining strength. We went out to try to get her. She was poor and weak, but they wouldn't let her go. Their fear of the devils and of the medicine men blinded their eyes still. In two or three weeks word came that Lucy had died-free from the suffering that she must have borne as long as she lived. When the report of her last words came to us, we rejoiced. She said to her friends and parents, "I wish I had gone back to the mission with Mr. Brooks. Tell the boys and girls to keep the faith that we found at the mission school."

I am not talking about Africa, or Burma or China, but about a pagan nation in the heart of Christian America! There are hundreds of Christian churches within a day's drive of this reservation, yet there are now at least 20,000 more pagan Indians here than when the Protestant missionaries first came to them! The people are groping in darkness, seeking the light but not knowing where to find it! They believe that the gods spoke the truth to their people years ago, and that the

our children come from within fifty miles of the are the homes of the gods, but they never see their school, but there are so many children in this sec- gods. They also worship the sun and moon; they tion and so few schools, that we could easily have believe in all these things. 400 if we had room. "When a person is sick, the only way they can We have the eight elementary grades and have find out the cause of the sickness is to have a perjust begun our first year of high school. The son know how to shake his hand. While the perfour-year high school course which we shall de- son is shaking his hand he prays or sings to the velop will aim to give intensive vocational and gods. When he gets the thought he tells the whole Christian training and mature these young peo- family that a certain god has caused the trouble, ple so that when they return to their homes they or that a certain medicine man will heal the sick will be able to stand out for Christ in the face of one. Then they call in the medicine man. When opposition and persecution. Thus will be pro- he opens his medicine bags he takes out all kinds vided the leadership so greatly needed by this of medicines. Some of the medicines are made group of Indians so retarded in their development. out of certain kinds of bushes, leaves, or certain birds' feathers. He sings four days from morning An Indian Boy's Testimony till noon, and again in the evening. On the fourth day he paints the sick person all kinds of colors. One of the members of the school basket-ball He also makes a sand painting of his god's picture. team, on a tour in Western Colorado, recently Then they sing all night of the last night. He gets gave the following testimony as to "The Indians' his.paythe next morning, which is usually a horse, Need of Christ." some sheep, jewelry and money. In fact the medi- cine man gets much of the Navajo's living. "All people are religious. Before we know the true religion we make up religions of our own. "The only way to ever break the power of this The Navajo worships all kinds of gods; we never superstition is to take Christ to these people. That could name all of them. They say that certain is what we are getting ready to do at the Navajo mountains and animals and birds are sacred. They Mission." say that certain places on the high mountain tops CHINESE MORAL MAXIMS Laziness never filled a rice bowl.

In the beginning all things are difficult.

Give heed to all you are told, and say little; it is the good listener who learns well.

Good iron is not worked in making nails, nor good men in making soldiers.

There is no merit worthy of boasting. It is better to remain ignorant than to know what is incorrect.

At birth men are by nature good of heart.

Knowledge is given that men may learn to live, not to win fortune.

If a man's affairs are to prosper it is simply a matter of purpose.

No hardship lasts forever.

Character is made by rising above one's misfortunes.

No man can rule the unruly until he first rules himself.

The shallow teapot does the most spouting, and boils dry most quickly.

He who rides a tiger cannot dismount when he pleases.

Medicines are bitter in the mouth but they cure sickness. .

In the course of time men's motives may be seen.

Every artist thinks himself a genius until he offers his work for sale.

The fool spends his time in seeking gain without labor. The princely man is tolerant of other men's weak~ess.. .

Disease enters by way of the mouth, and most men s troubles come out of It.

The monkey looks in the mirror and wonders at the charm of his own reflection.

The superior man finds pleasure in doing what is uncongenial.

One must first scale the mountain in order to view the plain. . -From "Young Fu of the Upper Yangtze," by ELIZABETH LEWIS.

Persecution in

A Letter from the REV. T. DOWHALUK, Kolomya* 15— Secretary of the Executive a1ld Missionary Committee of the Reformed Church T HE Ukrainian Evangelical work in Volhynia in Riwno feared the strong Evangelical movement is progressing most encouragingly in a new in Volhynia, and told the police that the Ukrainian territory. Evangelical services are being held Evangelical movement is not purely religious, but in four fields-in Olexandria, Kustyn, Riwno and political. At the same time chauvinistic press- Mychaylivka-where we have the opportunity to the Polish Daily Illustrated Kurier, the Daily Warpreach the Word of God to soul-hungry people. saw Kurier, and the Russian Orthodox Word at- From various other places we receive invitations tacked our movemjnt. to preach the Gospel for there is a real spiritual No wonder that the authorities took a hostile awakening in Volhynia. People flock to hear attitude. From the very beginning of our mission the evangelical message, sing Christian hymns work in Olexandria in Volhynia, Rev. Thodor Seand worship God in sincerity and in truth. Our meniuk has been dragged to police headquarters youths are greatly impressed and many walk miles where he was abused and the people of' his mission were threatened by the arrest. on foot to take part in the services. But where God is at work, there the devil does Last September our Ukrainian Evangelical not sleep. He is gathering his legions in an effort work was started in the village of Kustyn. Acto keep the people in a spiritual darkness, super- cording to the law it is required that the house where the service is to be held must be reported stition and sin. The Ukrainian Evangelical move- to the starost (bailiff) asking him for permission. ment in Volhynia first greatly alarmed the Ortho- This was done but the starost, instead of giving dox Russian priests who are nationally foreign to the permission, sent the chief of police (who pre- Ukrainians and are of Moscovite spirit. They viously to that had been .drinking), to· the old are opposed to the cultural and national development of our people, and are more politicians than woman who rented her house to us for the servthe servants of Christ. They are fighting against ices. He brought her late at night to the justice the use of the Ukrainian language in the Orthodox of the village, terrorized her, and tried to persuade Church liturgy, and it is not strange that the peo- her not to let her house for the Evangelical ple regard the priests as slothful shepherds who services. love not the souls of the people. These Orthodox priests are fiercely persecuting the Evangelical In October, when Rev. T. Dowhaluk and T. movement – thundering from their pulpits the Semeniuk were visiting the people in Mezericze, the police followed them and terrorized the peo- most offensive expressions, scolding the mission- ple they visited. Two of our missionaries, Messrs. aries and worshipers, even seeking to chase the Dowhaluk and Semeniuk and Mr. Cresiuk, music director, were arrested. The police searched their evangelicals away from their villages. At present in Volhynia the relations between the homes, looking for illegal literature. They found Polish Government and the Ukrainian national nothing illegal but took personal letters, sermons and temperance literature. These men were locked independent movement is under a serious strain in small, filthy prison cells for 24 hours, under a so that it is easy falsely to denounce the mission- strict guard. The police treated them very roughly aries as hostile to the Government. The priests and threatened to send them to Bereza Kartuzka tell the police that our people are carrying on a (an isolated place). Then they were taken to the revolutionary movement under the pretex of re- police headquarters, handcuffed, and under the ligion. escort of the police, walked on foot about 12 There is a group of people here in Volhynia who (American) miles in rainy and cold weather. call themselves Evangelical Christians; others They were purposely led through Olexandria and call them "Stundists" or "Baptists." They use Kustyn where they were working as missionaries, the Russian language so that the more intelligent are leaving them to join our Evangelical Reformed in order to terrorize the Evangelical adherents. Church. The leader of the Evangelical Christians The Orthodox priests threatened the people that if they dared to join our movement they would • This letter was sent by Rev. M. L. Buchak of Lwow, ul Jak, be likewise handcuffed and jailed. Poland; he is a Presbyterian minister, a graduate of the Theological Seminary in Bloomfield, New Jersey. In Riwno our arrested brethren were brought [231 ]

to the police station for the investigation. They prison cells, believing that God will turn this per- secution for our good and the advancement of His were searched and put in different cells and were Kingdom. After the release of our missionaries a service was held in the village of Kustyn, where not even allowed to read the Bible. Into the cell Pastor Zurakowsky, Mr. Dowhaluk and Mr. Se- meniuk preached to large audiences, encouraging of Brother Semeniuk they placed a drunkard and them to "stand fast in one spirit, with one soul striving for the faith of the GospeL" a spy. In the cell of Mr. Cresiuk they threw a The following night, twelve people who attended drunken prostitute. The missionaries were the service were arrested and taken to Olexandria. Thus persecution for attending Evangelical servcharged with forcing the people to become Evan- ices is still continuing but we believe that the liv- ing Word of God, cannot be chained and we ask gelical, stirring up a revolt and being a menace our brethren and sisters in Christ here and across the ocean to pray for the Cause of Christ in to peace. On the intervention of the Polish Re- Volhynia.

formed Consistory in Warsaw, they were finally released with the threat that they would be sent to the prosecutor. .

Under such strenuous persecution we have to work in Christ's vineyard in Volhynia, but our brethren there are ready to suffer for the great Cause. They prayed and sang hymns in these Will the Jews Become Christian?* -<!III By JOHN STUART CONNING, D.D. II~ JEWISH leaders have but one answer. It is an Yet, in spite of all that may be said, Christians emphatic categorical negative. No authorita- have never lost the vision of a day when Christ's tive Jew is prepared to admit the possibility own people will come under His sway with an unof a change of allegiance on the part of his people exampled devotion and courage, and that that day from Moses to Jesus. The attitude of many Jews will be the beginning of the most glorious era in may have changed from violent antagonism to the history of this ancient and highly gifted peo- appreciation and esteem, but all Jews are one in ple. Christians have their own good reasons for refusing to acknowledge the Christian claims for cherishing an unwavering faith in the redemption Christ as Saviour and Lord. In their thinking of Israel. That faith rests ultimately upon the Jesus is confined within the ordinary limits of declared purpose of God. It is in the divine mind, Jewish mental and spiritual life. He was entirely as the Apostle Paul has expressed it, that "all Is- human and mortal. Rabbi Trattner declares: rael shall be saved." And what is in the mind of "The divinity of Jesus-by which is meant his God should be firmly fixed in the mind of His peo- deityship-will always strike the Jew as illogical. ple, for "the gifts and calling of God are without It was Heinrich Heine, I believe, who said that repentance."

it would be forever impossible for Israel to em- But the faith of Christians in the ultimate brace Christianity, for no other reason than the gathering of Jews into the Christian fold finds its utter impossibility of one Jew to believe that an- support in various other directions. Jesus belongs other Jew was divine." to the Jews in an especial sense. He was a Jew in all the circumstances of His earthly life, in His Jews call attention to the fact that while Chris- modes of.thought, and in the terms with which He tianity has won race after race to faith in Jesus, clothed His teaching: Jews should best underit has made no extensive impression upon the Jew- stand Him. Besides, Jews cannot forever remain ish people. They claim moreover that Judaism is blind to those spiritual qualities in the character in every way better adapted to meet the spiritual of Jesus which have won for Him the devotion needs of the Jew than Christianity; it is the out- and adoration -of mankind. Indeed, an increasing growth of their own history and experience. And number of broadminded Jews render tribute to J~ws do not hesitate to say that the long centuries the surpassing greatness of Jesus. Albert Einof wrongs suffered by their people at the hands stein, the noted physicist, says: "I am a Jew, but of individuals and nations who have professed the I am enthralled by the luminous figure of the Naz- Christian faith have made wounds deeper and arene." And, when asked if he accepted the hismore obstinate than time knows how to heal.

* From Our Jewish Neighbors. torical existence of Jesus, which some Jews have

WILL THE JEWS BECOME CHRISTIAN?

denied, declared: "Unquestionably! No one can Christ. Jewish leaders are prone to speak dispar- agingly of the quality in personal worth of those read the Gospels without feeling the actual pres- of their people who have come under the sway of Christ. Max Brod, the well known Jewish author, ence of Jesus. His personality pulsates in every however, has this to say: word. No myth is filled with such life." "I am constantly amazed at the naivete of our teachers and leaders who are surprised when I It would be easy to quote many pages of like tell them that the best of our youth, our intellec- tuals, become Christians out of conviction. Our utterances from eminent Jews of our own genera- 'leaders' do not believe it. To them a Jew never becomes a Christian unless he wants to better his tion who have seen in Jesus more than their breth- position. That Christianity has drawn to itself such noble souls as Pascal, Novalis, Kirkegaard, ren have seen. Is it incredible that all Jews will Amiel, Dostojewsky, Claudel, etc., etc., and that it exercises a most overwhelming influence on the come to recognize in Him not only the One who most earnest truth-seekers among us-of that our teachers know nothing." fulfills the expectations of the ancient prophets, All who are concerned for the extension of but the hopes and aspirations of humanity? Will Christ's cause among the Jews are well aware of the many hindrances in the way of their evan- Jews remain forever blind to the glory in the gelization – the traditional attitude of Jews to Christianity, racial loyalty, their sense of mission person of Jesus which has led the noblest spirits as a "chosen people." Christianity's seeming con- flict with Judaism's central doctrine of the unity of all the, Christian centuries to adore Him with of God; Jewish nationalism, and many more. But, without doubt, the chief hindrances have been reverence and exultation as Saviour and Lord? indifference and racial prejudice within the Church, and the ill-will and ill-treatment of those It was a Jew-Constantin von Brunner-who who have borne the Christian name. Indifference has never sent a single Gospel messenger to the said: "What is this? Is it only the Jew who is un- Jews, and anti-Semitism, whether in Europe or America, effectually hides the face of Christ from able to see and hear all that others see and hear? His own people.

Are the Jews stricken with blindness and deafness But better days are on the way. The Christian as regards Christ, so that to them only He has conscience, as we see it so happily illustrated among the evangelical Christians of Germany tonothing to say? Is it of no importance to us Jews? day, refuses to deny Christ by hatred of His peo- Understand, then, what we shall do: we shall ple. Anti-semitism cannot live in any heart where the spirit of Christ reigns. As Christians become bring Him back to us. Christ is not dead for us more truly Christian in their attitudes to the Jews -for He has not yet lived; and He will not slay and in their contacts with them they will catch us, He will make us alive again. His profound fuller glimpses of those qualities in Jesus which declare Him to be the Son of God. As it is, an inand holy words, and all that is true and heart- creasing number of Jews are coming under the spell of His matchless personality. They are appealing in the New Testament, must from now meeting Him at every turn. He is inescapable. That the Jews will become Christian we cannot on be heard in our synagogues and taught to our doubt. Behind this inspiring hope are the sure promises of God. The time of waiting has been children, in order that the wrong we have com- long, but there are everywhere signs of quicken- ing and upheaval. Over all the areas of Jewish . mitte,d may be made good, the curse turned into life a new spirit is moving. Faith sees the tokens of the promised day. a blessing, and that He at last may find us who has always been seeking after us."

Will Jews become Christians? This is simple to ask, Will the eyes of Jews open to the light?

Will the minds of Jews respond to truth? Will their conscience react to moral perfection? Will their resthetic nature recognize divine beauty?

Will their spirit quicken at the touch of the Spirit of God? Christ is God's answer to the whole world's need; He is the only answer to the needs of the Jew. And so long as the heart of man cries out for God, for deliverance from sin, for spiritual satisfaction, for hope beyond, so long will the appeal of Christ to the Jew be alluring and com- pelling. , There has been no period since Christianity be- gan when Jews, who have seen Jesus as He is, have not rendered homage to Him as the Christ of God. The total number is far greater than is generally known to Christians or that Jews are prepared to admit. But Arthur Ruppin does not hesitate to say that the number of Jews in the world today would be vastly greater but for the large numbers who have accepted the faith of _____ ——-~.~~~.H.~-

Danger of Compromise with Non–

Christian Religions -efi By MRS. J. N. ANDERSON I For Seven Years a Missionary in China THE real stumbling stone in the way of the tion is being asked by missionaries in the foreign acceptance of Christ by non-Christian peoples field and by Christian leaders in the homelands. lies in the Cross. The character of the his- The question is being forced into the forefront by torical Jesus is universally admired, and His high the Laymen's Appraisal Report and by the indiethical standards and spiritual teacpings, so genous church movement on the mission fields. adaptable to human needs, are everywhere highly The feeling of leaders in the Chinese Church was commended. The conscious need for some super- expressed by Chingting T. Wang in an article on human power to provide material and spiritual "The Importance of Making Christianity Indighelp is generally expressed in religious myth, fa- enous," taking up the lack of capable leadership.

ble and legend. Upon His ability to meet this need He says, "The most serious mistake in the mis- Jesus Christ based His claim to universal accept- sionary propaganda in China is that in the Nineance of His divine mission. teenth Century the missionaries had a wrong conception of the moral and intellectual strength Christianity recognizes sin and its penalty. Je- of the Chinese. Their policy was to train Chinese sus Christ meets man lost and offers salvation. workers to be their assistants. There was no Human free will is recognized and the benefits of systematic effort to prepare Christian workers to Christ's gifts are offered to all alike. The claims take the places of the missionaries …… A plant of Christianity are unique. It does not claim to when young may need the protecting care of the be of the same brand as non-Christian religions, nursery, but no tree could attain its full growth differing only in degree. Christ claims to offer not one of many ways of salvation but The Way. by being constantly kept in it." God does not seek a supreme place among gods, The idea of Christianity, falling like seed into but claims that all other gods are nothing and that He must have the supreme place in the hearts of native soil and springing up to reproduce itself, men. For the non-Christian, religion consists of is ideal. This is the hope of all missionaries, but prayers, rituals, ceremonies, and customs. Ac- there is difference of opinion as to the conditions' cording to them man works out his salvation apart most favorable for healthy growth. from consciousness of God working within. Christ sets forth life by faith in the Son of God, recon- There are two extremes of opinion as to the relationship of Christianity to non-Christian re- ligions. Rev. S. L. Thompson says: ciliation with God by the death of Christ and more There have been two views on this subject since the days salvation by His life. of origin.

At this vital point the non-Christian hesitates. 1. Extremists on one side emphasize the truth that Christ, the Son of God, becomes to him a stone of Christianity gathers up all that is true and spiritual in other religions ……that it is a long line of religious stumbling. Many men are able to appreciate the evolution.' They urge that we should endeavor to assimethics of Christian teaching, will endorse its social ilate as much as possible of the doctrines, literature, rites, standards, and may even be willing to embrace and atmosphere of each of the great religions and that one some of the outward forms in which Christianity ideal should always be to generate and foster an indig- enous Christianity. has found expression, but when he has proceeded as far as reason and intellect can carry, there he 2. Extremists on the other side point out the necessity waits, only half persuaded. that the Christian should oppose absolutely any system which allows idolatry, polytheism and degrading customs. It is at this point, also, that the Christian mis- These urge that while the infant Christian Church is sur- rounded by non-Christian atmosphere, there is great dan-. sionary is perplexed and sometimes is tempted. ger of such things creeping into the Church and making Before him are spread the kingdoms of the non- it little better than the religion it displaces ……If Chris- Christian world but the price of winning them tians do not make much difference non-Christians seem seems to be compromise. How far may Christians justified in saying there is no difference.

go in seeking to bridge the chasm between the Between these two extremes all varieties of Christian and non-Christian religions? This ques- OpInIOn prevail, and missionaries as well as lay [234 ] thinkers and scholars are found at either extreme. time refining a civilization, retaining what is good Some missionaries, in the effort to appreciate non- and transforming what is evil. There have been, Christian religions have even entered so fully into in some cases, attempts to impose non-essential the spirit of these systems as to have lost sight of ceremonial and ritualistic practices upon newly any real or vital distinction between these and converted peoples. There has also been a tendency Christianity. A few have fully endorsed some on the part of some missionaries to condemn as non-Christian faith, while others have surrend- idolatrous some existing practices which as a matered their missionary commission and devoted ter of fact, could be turned into good account if themselves purely to humanitarian political or they were properly interpreted. In China the visscientific activities. iting of the tombs of ancestors in the spring of each year has been condemned as idolatrous. It is The First Shock true that this ancient custom has been accompa- nied by feasts and burning of paper money to the The new missionary, fresh from his preparatory departed, but it is essentially a token of respect work and full of devotion to his faith is usually and devotion to the departed loved ones. It may surprised and shocked by most of what he sees be compared with the western custom of decoratand hears connected with non-Christian religions. ing graves with flowers and there seems no reason Poverty and disease, suffering and superstition why the practice should be condemned as heathen, abound; immorality is more open and is often though the form should be modified. The national connected with religion. While much that is only custom of the worship of Confucius might be peculiar to a people goes to fill in the detail of the changed to imply only honor to a good man. missionary's mental picture of "men benighted," everything is viewed in contrast to Christian faith Ethnic religions are so interwoven with nationand practice. In time these lines of contrast are al ceremonies and festivals that it is almost imapt to fade, as the missionary becomes accustomed possible to separate from them the idea of relito his environment. He begins to seek for avenues gious worship. The gods are so interwoven with of approach to the people and discovers much the web and woof of traditional customs that the worthy of commendation. If his lot be among the disentanglement of those features which may con- Chinese he finds most of them sober, serious, hon- tribute to effective garbing of Christ in forms est and trustworthy, in character. In habit they suited to Chinese taste requires great discriminaare temperate, frugal, and industrious. Socially tion. they are sympathetic and hospitable; intellectually equal to those of any race. In India, one may Demonstration of Christian Example discover examples of "God-implanted goodness in the midst of evil" and in some an enviable spirit- In dealing with the Oriental mind a missionary uality and saintliness of soul in spite of environ- must resist the temptation to wrestle with flesh ment. At the same time the painful short-comings and blood and must remember that a concrete demof Christians are obvious. As a result a mission- onstration of his Christian life and faith is more ary begins to think in terms of comparison instead convincing than argument. The Kingdom of of contrast. In -an isolated station he sometimes Christ can never be advanced by falsehood or becomes externally in a degree like the people throwing mud at other religions. Our very presamong whom he lives and in other ways he may ence puts the people under a measure of constraint be influenced by long association. The native and our own very different education gives color church also has, at times, a tendency actually to to our best interpretations. The best test of truth carryover into Christianity-in literature, art is the process recommended by Jesus: "By their and customs-certain pantheistic and non-moral fruits ye shall know them." Missions of the nineinfluences contrary to Christ and unfriendly to the teenth and twentieth .centuries are not the first life of the Church. The essential policy of modern attempts of the Christian Church to comply with Hinduism toward Christianity is today a policy the command of her Lord to go "into all the world of absorption rather than of opposition. The easy and make disciples of all nations." Remarkable going disposition of the average Indian tolerates success attended the missionary enterprise of the the lowest forms of idolatrous practices and devil Apostolic Church. In conflict with non-Christian worship, side by side with worship in Brahmin religions the influence of Christianity declined, at temples. "What does it matter since all is illu- the zenith of power, because of compromise with sion," he says. Such doctrines sometimes para- these other religions. In the history of the sevlyze the effort and weaken the conscience of In- enth, eighth, and ninth centuries we read also of dian Christians who are exposed to such an at- "the failure of early Christian missions to China," mosphere. when early Nestorian missions had burst forth on Chinese soil like a spring from which flowed a The Christian religion is capable of adapting stream of Christian truth. But the stream lost itself to changing environment, but at the same itself in the incoming flood of Buddhism as the

pure waters of Christian faith mingled with the a white candle at his father's grave. But this eftide. fort to establish a State religion failed; for the very basis and core of it is the worship of ances- The present-day missionary and the Church tors. may seek comfort from the thought that our mission is not to separate the wheat from the tares, In India the Christian may acknowledge that it is enough that we be as our Lord who declared Hinduism and Buddhism use terms similar to that He was sent not to condemn the world but those employed to set forth Christian doctrines that through Him the world may have Life. But and experience. But these features are in no way should the Christian make any compromise in his comparable with the incarnation of God in Jesus appreciation of non-Christian religion ? We be- of Nazareth or with the reincarnation through lieve that we may safely appreciate all that is not the Spirit in the soul born again. No Buddhist opposed to the truth and spirit of Christ and we believes that the righteousness of Gautama Budmay freely acknowledge that the teachings of dha is either imputed or imparted to him or that Confucius regarding man's duty to the State the self-mastery and spiritual elevation of the forms a basis of good citizenship. His teaching Founder is in any way communicated to his folrespecting the relation of man to man have also lowers. At best, the pious Buddhist of Ceylon and produced social equality, political democracy and Burma admits that he does not know what if any fraternal relations which are admirable in the benefit, other than its subjective influence, comes eyes of men nurtured in western democracy. To from prayer to Buddha. the influence of Confucius we must attribute all that is best in the Chinese character and state. By Writing on "Our Attitude Towards Hinduism, an edict of the Chinese Government in 1907 the Dr. S. L. Thompson, says: rank of Confucius in the Chinese pantheon was raised to the first rank and the same sacrifices "Comparative religion treats all religion as of were ordered made to his spirit as to the Most the same kind and as differing only in degree, High. How far may a Christian be ready to go whereas the claim of the Christian is that Christ in prostrations, burning of incense, and other and His Gospel are sui generis and unique. Many acts conforming to the customary ritual of wor- arguments used in favor of assimilating as much ship and be sure that he is only paying the honor as possible of the atmosphere and literature of due a great and noble man? So eminent a mis- Hinduism are antagonistic· to this claim and lead sionary to China as Bishop Maule has said: "The to the conclusion that every race should be left to State church has none but a purely patriarchial its own ancestral religion, purified or supplepriesthood, the ruler officiating for his great fam- mented so as to produce an eclectic and man-made ily, the Viceroy or Governor for his smaller pro- product. We admit that every race should approvincial family, and so on downwards till we find priate and express the Christian faith in its own the head of the humblest peasant home lighting way, but it is necessary to emphasize that we have no right to reduce or imperil the supremacy of the Christian faith.

"HELP US GROW"-A PLEA FROM YOUTH These verses were used in a Young Women's World·Wide Guild and voice the desire of earnest young people to be given more responsibility and freedom by the older members of the church.

We are come today with a simple plea, As worth-while girls of the World-Wide Guild, We girls of the World-Wide Guild. Weare pledged to Christ's service and love; We are asking that you will help us lay Small bits to be. shaped by the Master's hand, The foundation on which we may build. And prepared for His Kingdom above.

From the wisdom and strength of your greater years, But our feet are unused on the narrow way, We seek inspiration to gain; And perchance we may stumble in fear.

How we best may plan a life worth while What a wonderful help and comfort 'twill be Where joy and service remain. To feel that you care and are near.

We ask the prayers of your loyal hearts Now we're planning great things that we're ready to do, To strengthen us where we are weak. We're alive, and we mean to grow! We need now and then the encouraging words It may be your pleasure to speak. But it helps a "wee plant" to be tended with care!

No doubt at times your patience we tax And that's wnere you will come in, you know. By the faults and follies of youth; For mothers, missionaries, deacons and dads But remember, also, our eyes are on you! And we're searching for honor and truth. Are just girls and boys grown tall, Perhaps if someone had not helped you to grow, You might not have been here at all!

Indianapoli..~, Indiana. NELLIE C. HART.

the Mapuches of

By WILLIAM M. STRONG, Jr., Coihueco, Chile Missionary of Soldiers' Gospel Mission "MAPUCHE"-peoPle of the land, as they call themselves,-or "Huincas"-thieves, as others call them-indicate their char- acter and give their history, duplicated in that of practically every red tribe of the Western Hemi- sphere. These people live in southern Chile and are almost entirely untouched by the Gospel.

The Mapuche ( or Araucanian), in many ways resembles the North American Indian, much more so than most South American tribes.

Though the Mapuches seem to have been at one time tributary to the Incas, to whom they were indebted for much knowledge in handicraft and agriculture, they successfully maintained their independence, in spite of Spain's numerous ef- forts to subdue them. Ercilla's "La Araucana,"

possibly the greatest poem in the Spanish lan- guage, was inspired by their fearless and uncon- querable nature, while Chilean history abounds in the heroic exploits of many Indian leaders. Even since the independence of Chile was established her history has included a series of Mapuche up- risings and massacres, which continued until com- paratively recent times. Chile's efforts to "decen- tralize" them, by intersper:singtheir territory with European colonists, has resulted in much blood- shed. In every other South American country, people with Indian blood are looked down upon; but a Chilean is justly proud that Mapuche blood flows in his veins.

Scattered over a sixty-mile radius, with center at Temuco, the Mapuches of today number ap- proximately one hundred thousand, living on small reserves with either communal or private land. Though peacefully engaged in tilling the soil, the Mapuche retains much of the independ- ence and haughtiness of his forebears. This part- A MAPUCHE INDIAN PAPOOSE}-CHILE ly explains his being practically impervious to modern civilization, in spite of the fact that many having had at least a cup of miirque (flour made live just outside city limits. Thi& aloofness in- from toasted wheat) with water. They make fast eludes a retention of dress, customs, language and friends when one is once assured of the sincerity religion, and explains his homespun clothes. Salt, of the "huinca." Their daily life reminds us of sugar and verba mate are the only articles of his the Old Testament patriarchs.

food not raised on his own land. The man's work is limited to the farm, and as The Mapuches are a most likeable people, once a rule the farmer is not as industrious as the wife, the veneer of suspicion has been penetrated. They who is never idle, even in the winter months when are very simple-hearted, and most hospitable, even she works at her spindle and weaving frame. The more so than the Chilean, who is well known for children are a big help, even the very small ones this trait. Even the poorest of these Indians offer taking care of the sheep and pigs, keeping them the best they have to the visitor, never allowing out of the wheat (fences being practically un- anyone to leave their thatch-roofed ruca without known), and in the worst weather may be seen [237 ]

squatting patiently near a flock of sheep. The points, which are supposed to be primarily for parents are kind to their children, and when still babies, certain oxen or sheep or pigs are set apart the Mapuche, but these have done little to influfor that child, so that the young man may have something to start him off in business. ence the Mapuche in favor of Christianity. The The great curse among them is drunkenness, Roman Catholics generally do almost nothing unwhich accounts for much of the degeneracy and laziness among the men. This intemperance keeps less spurred on by competition from Evangelical them in their present condition, barely existing from one year to the next, as the new wheat crop workers. is already "sold" to the saloon-keeper a month or two after the last harvest. Almost forty years ago, the Church of England, Many of the chiefs (casiques) have more than through its South American Missionary Society, one wife, but they are far more faithful to them than is the average Chilean. Naturally these peo- began work among the Mapuches. Finding them ple know no such moral standards as God has revealed in His Word. They have, however, a far to be a rural population, they felt that they could purer conception of God than most primitive peoples. Some of their religious ceremonies, in spite best reach the people through establishment of of the great amount of superstitions included~ remarkably resemble the Tabernacle days of the boarding schools at stretegic points. This was Children of Israel, and seem to show that somewhere way back in their history their forefathers done in order to gather, for four or five years, knew God. Their ngillatun (prayer meeting) is the one ceremony they still maintain and is mainly some of the younger generation, placing them in to ask God's blessing on their crops. They kill a lamb and have a blood-sprinkling ceremony, after a definitely Christian environment, and through which they ride about on horseback to chase away the evil spirits. Other community gatherings are these to reach the people of their reserves. Today mostly limited to weddings, funerals and housebuilding bees. they have three fine schools for both boys and Their machi (doctor) is generally a woman; girls, besides medical dispensaries, capably manbut when a man, wears a woman's costume. Chile is rich in herb remedies and when a machi has a aged, and do much to counteract superstition. At good knowledge of herbs, he may become wellknown as a doctor; but the maj ority of them rely one of these points the missionary in charge, once more on the beating of their drum and weird chants to banish the evil spirit. They are known a month calls together all the ex-students who now to extort large fees for their services-a sheep, and sometimes an ox-but generally are worse are in charge of rural schools in the outlying disthan useless in relieving pain and sickness. One of the worst dins I ever heard was when passing tricts, and for a day or so they discuss problems a machi's ruca near Galvarino where two other machis were drumming and chanting to relieve encountered. On Sundays, these rural schools are the sick one. visited from the central station and services are Outside of baptizing their children, the Roman Catholic church has had little influence on the held by teachers or missionaries; in this way the Mapuches. The priests have persuaded them to introduce a few Roman ceremonies into some Lord has extended His witness, and many lives of their religious practices, and to celebrate a few Roman feast days with horse-racing and grand have been changed through the power of the Gosdrinking sprees. The German Capuchin monks have a number of schools situated at different pel, both in outlying districts, and among pupils in the main schools. In districts where missionary workers have been unable to visit at all, or where they have only visited spasmodically, the children many times have gone back to their former life.

Realizing this lack of itineration and evangelistic work, this past year one of their young mission- aries has begun living in an ox-drawn "covered- wagon" (or house on wheels) and plans to spend a week or so at a time at each reservation. This should prove an effective way of reaching the people.

Mapuche territory is large and much is as yet practically untouched for Christ. Some native Chilean Protestant churches are now becoming interested in the Mapuches and have begun schools on a small scale. .

The most effective means of bringing real re- sults is through prayer and Spirit-filled Christians who give themselves whole-heartedly to the one purpose of presenting Christ to them. He is the one remedy for all the Mapuche's ills, as well as for every human problem the world over. In the meantime Satan works overtime while Christians sleep.

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Ways of

'rested Methods for Increasing Interest at Home s. EDITED BY MRS. ESTELLA AITCHISON, GRANVILLE, OHIO ~,=-o.========~==I~ SCANNING NEW HORIZONS Change is not a thing of merit in have the Sunday school and the itself; but religion is under the other subsidiary organizations, New Year's Day in the cal- same fundamental laws as the adopted a definite course of misendar may fall on January 1, but rest of the universe: and one of sionary reading each year-prefin substance and significance the those laws is that of advance (or erably along the lines of the new church year begins in Sep- decadence) ; of giving new form United Study Course topics? tember and around that month and fresh expression to change- Plans for such reading have been gather the plans and the inspira- less ideals; of utilizing improved given in this Department from tion for a fresh start. Wide- methods as a means of attaining time to time; another, used by awake navigators, all the way paramount ends. the Congregational – Christian from pastors to primary Sunday churches, is des c rib e d this school superintendents, should How do you sense these new month. Almost all the denomconserve the values of summer trends and methods? Are you inations can furnish plans and time – its additional leisure, its reading any of the new books activating material for directed conventions, conferences, re- recommended by THE REVIEW missionary reading for people of treats and opportunity for read- and other religious publications? all ages. ing – in charting a new course which shall mark an advance Have you noted the increased Are you going to file the anover the previous year's endeav- stress laid upon missionary swers to the foregoing queries ors; otherwise the church is study and endeavor for men and away in the archives of "Somemerely an anchored buoy or a boys, in place of the old-time day-when-I-get-time," or will derelict. Space will be given in relegation of such matters to you take action at once to make this Department both this month "the women folks of the mem- the Gospel you preach dynamic and next for taking a reckoning bership"? Have you organized and true to its Founder? and mapping out plans for a those men and boys? more adventurous voyage – but Read the brief reviews of the one with a definite purpose. Is there a general missionary following books and decide which or planning committee in your ones will best quicken you for Pointers for Pastors church, wit h representatives your task: from the subsidiary organiza- Do you evaluate the mission- tions, inclusive of the woman's THE CHRISTIAN MESSAGE FOR THE ary message as the greatest ut- society and the various departterance of the Church? Your ments of the Sunday school? WORLD TODAY. See THE REViEW Master did. Does this committee plan, cor- relate and supervise? for May, 1934. Would you rate as the leading missionary educator in your NO?-Then you are decidedly THE CHURCH LOOKS AHEAD. Julychurch? a back number. August, 1934. Have you a shaped definite Is there a definite course of policy and program for the JOHN R. MOTT, WORLD CITIZEN. church, and if so, is it unified in mission study heading up in a the sense that all departments of school of missions, or world March, 1934. activity and study are correlated, friendship, at some period of the or are they random and hap- church year? If it becomes a CHRISTIANITY TESTED, ITS SIGNIFIhazard? Closer correlation, co- community affair with other deoperative activity, are the watch- nominations cooperating, so CANCE FOR MODERN MISSIONS. Febwords of the day. much the better. ruary, 1935. How far do you use the mis- Is there some definite project sionary sermon as a means of toward which the study heads up THE LIVING RELIGIONS OF THE INDIAN education in such a plan? and of which it serves as a neces- sary expression? Without some PEOPLE. January, 1935. Are you carefully evaluating such project the emotions and and utilizing significant new impulses to service evaporate as CHRIST AND JAPAN, by Toyohiko Kagtrends in missionary thought? mere sentiment and leave the soul more sterile than before. awa. Friendship Press. Cloth, Has the church as a whole, or $1.00; paper, 50 cents.

[239 ] The last-named book is new and highly energizing. This "flaming evangelist with a pas- sion for saving souls" has given us a book which "throbs with a passionate love for Christ and zeal for the spread of His King- dom." Dr. Kagawa's vivid de- scription of the phases of reli- gious education for the masses

reveals his experience in mass has challenging food for thought ence with children's school oblievangelism, personal evangelism, for educators, social workers, gations and rest. literary evangelism, tent evan- psychologists and mature Chris- 4. The use of the Sunday gelism and touring evangelism. tians in general. The new course school sessions for six weeks, This is deemed "a book with the is due to be releas.ed so soon that, substituting mission study and warmth and power of a living instead of analyzing and pro- its supplementary features for fire," by a man who is not only jecting the current one, we the regular schedule, and cul- a practical missionary statesman recommend the forthcoming minating in a week-night demonbut also a writer of the first studies to the watchmen on the stration or project – such as a rank. The translation is by his church lookout. missionary exhibit, or a func- biographer and close personal Schools of Mission Study tion like "The World in Our friend. Community."

A Program of Missionary A special effort led by the 5. Home study groups in se- pastor should be made to rally quential sessions on week nights. Educa.tion all the church constituency for a This manifestly does not lend it- Fortunately we no longer have School of World Friendship as it self to the teaching of the chilto sail uncharted seas toward is often called to avoid the pos- dren. this goal. The interdenomina- sible onus formerly attaching to 6. The use of the study books tional course mapped out each "missions" in the minds of some and materials as a basis for proyear by The Missionary Educa- people. This school should be grams in the woman's or the tion Movement and specifically held in sequential sessions, with young people's society. While adapted by the various denom- the very choicest teaching force excellent as an auxiliary plan, it inational boards of education is available. Various plans are in should be a last resort as a subchallenging in its high values vogue, as follows: stitute for the all-comprehensive and is comprehensive of all de- 1. The use of six consecutive sessions. partments of church life from Sunday evening or mid-week Whatever the method of proyoungest to oldest; constructive services for study sessions in cedure, necessitated by local conin conformity with advanced which there shall be attractive ditions, rest assured that no pedagogy; elaborated from the opening exercises inclusive of segregation plan can equal the basic study books by the offer of music, stereopticon or moving values of the sequential enmaps, pictures, charts, manuals, picture exhibits (abundant ma- semble, an attractively featured projects, plays, pageants, stere- terial for the latter is now avail- school, especially if it is made a opticon views and moving pic- able at trifling expense) and community rather than an inditures; and correlated with dom- other features calculated to be vidual church function. Unless inant issues of the day. This the initial drawing card; class there is the fraternal spirit of exploitation of the study courses sessions for all ages above the cooperation and good will, which may seem redundant; but your primary children-who may best would move the denominations Department Editor's mail is still be taught in the Sunday school to a union effort of the sort, the heavy with inquiries and re- sessions during the same period; whole adventure of missions quests from readers who are a closing social period with the under the leadership of Jesus ignorant of the basic fact and lightest of refreshments to fur- Christ is of little promise.

the many facilities available. nish occasion for groupings of Suggestions for study and read- those who would discuss the sub- An Evening in the Orient ing courses, as well as for acti- jed farther. (So long as we are "A Presentation by Project," vating programs, have appeared working under ordinary human which would make a good clim..ax in this Department from month conditions, we may as well ad- in most of the foregoing plan's, to month, but a few 'fresh ones mit that "eating and drinking was arranged a few years ago may be of service. are a powerful auxiliary to reli- by the Baptist Church of the Re- The sobering criticism is' gion.") deemer in Yonkers, New York, heard on every hand that, while 2. An all-church supper to at- and was reported by your Editor missionary education is well tract the membership; a study for Missions. It closed a school under way among women and or lecture period and a closing . of missions centering on China: children, the male constituency feature period instead of the re- The great event opened with a cafeof the c h u r c h, particularly freshment hour. This function teria supper featuring chop suey and among adults, is being neglected. is ordinarily called the "Church kindred delectables. The remainder We are aware that challenging Family Night," and its main ob- of the evening was divided into three stacIe is the use of so many po- periods, each better than the one bematerial for the latter has not fore. From 7: 15 to 8: 00 p. m. an always been at hand; but as tential women students to pre: exhibition was held. The congrega~ "strong meat" as any educated pare and clear up the meal. tion, divided into groups passing from man could digest is now avail- 3. Six consecutive week nights one exhibit to another according to a able and should be offered to devoted to the general plan. prearranged plan, saw: "the brethren." To mention one This intensive study does not (a) An automatic stereopticon dis- lend itself to the rallying of all dpalayy sicnhooonl.e of the rooms of the Sunbook alone, "Suzuki Looks at age groups, in view of interfer- (b) An exhibition of lit era r y Japan," in this year's course,

EFFECTIVE WAYS OF WORKING

changes, viz., specimens of new mag- hunt as a program feature, with that same world in another azines. This was called "An Exhibi- mimeographed lists of questions mood today (not all favorable, tion of Things Chinese." being supplied to each person or alas!); "New Rivals to the group, the answers to be found Christian Faith" told of com- (c) A demonstration Chinese kin- in the magazines within a given mercialism, nationalism, seculardergarten in the church parlor. time limit (the search being ism and their ilk as far more competitive or otherwise); pre- menacing than Buddhism. Then (d) An exhibit of the work of the senting entire programs based came the lighting of the birth- Crusaders (children above the begin- on a certain issue or a combina- day candles in which each of five ners' age) who had been at work for tion of issues of the magazine, women named five outstanding some time on a project called "Friend- such as that reported by Mrs. missionary events in the past 25 ship Center in China" and had a table Delavan L. Pierson in the June, years, a candle being lighted and room of their own. 1934, issue of THE REVIEW, on with the mention of each event. page 300; "Editing the Maga- Of course the atmosphere was From 8: 00 to 8: 45 two dramatiza- zine" (substitute name of the full of optimistic wishes for the tions of the study book, "China's Real particular one) with the stage cause and the Magazine as all the Revolution," were given simultane- arranged as a "sanctum," an guests sampled the illuminated ously, one in the main Sunday school editor-in-chief in charge who cake. The stock of Missions room and the other in the basement gives a live editorial selected rose by the proverbial "leaps and assembly room; those present were from that magazine, then sum- bounds" and a background was divided into two groups, visiting the mons impersonators of "the furnished for new SUbscriptions dramatizations alternately. The senior story," "the poem," "the devo- and a better proving up on old young people's society gave one of the tional page," "the leading arsketches (twice) and the woman's so- ticle," "the departmental mat- ones. ciety the other, each sketch taking 20 ter," etc., all material to be taken Prepared courses and directed minutes. from the pages of the publica- tion under consideration. reading of books have been ar- From 8: 45 to 9: 30 a Chinese play ranged of late years by nearly all was given in the church auditorium The Silver Anniversary of denominations, and a number of by the World-Wide Guild (young plans have been exploited in·this women of the 'teen age); this play Missions Magazine Department. The Congregaemphasized in particular the entire tional-Christian Church has a meaning of the evening. It was pre- At the February meeting of unique one entitled ceded by Chinese music. the women's society in the Gran- ville Baptist church this event Adventures in Reading The two dramatic sketches of the was advertised and observed as second part were original, based on a birthday party with a parlor Miss Helen Street Ranney, different chapters of the main study setting, decorations of silver Associate Secretary in the Midbook; the young people pictured paper and artificial flowers, West Regional office of the Com- Marco Polo coming to life, like Rip covers of many past issues of mission on Missions, writes for Van Winkle, comparing what he saw that magazine, and a gorgeous this Department: with his previous experiences. table set as for a feast and cen- tering upon a huge birthday Realizing the importance of educa- The foregoing is a great suggestion cake with 25 candles. The tion in our churches in the backto churches who have not dealt with atmosphere was delightful. grounds of mission work, we launched the study book matter in an original, Hymns, prayer, Scripture and the Adventures in Reading-a list of constructive way. A dramatization books for supplementary reading, comes nearer to life than any other poems were all selected from the with the call under the picture of a form of discourse. Magazine. Many items were galleon ship: taken from the very first issue Missionary Education Through at the time it was born of the "Out of your cage, come out of your union of the general Baptist cage, Reading magazine with T i di n g s, the Woman's Home Mission monthly, And take your soul on a pilgrimage." This deals mainly with the use and The Helping Hand, the womof missionary magazines and the an's Foreign Mission publica- Books are loaned for postage bqth standard reading courses of the tion. A sketch of the leading ways. State chairmen aim to find a several denominations. First, missionary events of the past 25 sponsor in each church who will interthe magazines. Do you take one? years as seen by the Magazine est a group of readers and secure If so, is its main use that of a was given by one speaker, and books. Our rules are: Two books to dust collector? In addition to "Out of Yesterday into Tomor- a person for three weeks; five books renewing the effort to extend the row" by another, glimpsing the to a church for four weeks; ten books subscription list in some fresh possible and certainly the desir- to a state chairman for four weeks. way each year, vigilance is able future for the cause. "How needed to keep the membership Times Have Changed" con- State and local librarians have coreading what they take, at least trasted the attitude of the Chris- operated in providing books. With a until the habit is fixed. Numer- tian world a quarter-century ago growing demand, our librarian sends oUs devices are used for this, out about 100 books a month. We inclusive of the appointment of hear from far-away towns without a lookout to gather fresh items- libraries what these books mean to especially on the current studies people, especially now in lieu of pay -and report them from time to entertainments; and women have time ("Our World-Wide Out- found sometimes to their surprise that look," in THE REVIEW furnishes these books are as interesting as excellent material); the estab- lighter ones they used to read. Paslishment of a credit system with tors have written that the whole standpoints for each magazine issue ard of thinking of the congregation read and possibly the award of a has been raised. missionary. book to the reader with the best record; a treasure The Council of Women for Home Missions ANNE SEESHOLTZ, EXECUTIVE SECRETARY, 105 EAST TWENTY-SECOND STREET, NEW YORK ~~.========~==================~ It is May Day – the persons met for prayer wonder of the miracle! "in company with the And we ask, "Will pop- world," so thousands and pies grow again in Flan- thousands in towns .and ders field, now green villages met. Within a with promise of life?" week after the World It is May Day, and the Day of Prayer, 1,750 re- leaves are again on the ports were received.

trees. May God bless for A pastor (Moravian) us the trees of the land! had written a month Will the leaves of the preceding Mar c h 8, trees of our land be "for "Last year, my wife and the healing of the na- a few you n g women tions"? Do we American held a service for the Christians see at all the children after school. …

possibility of "a new This year, I wish to have heaven and a new earth"? THE HOME MISSIONARY SOCIETY the Ministerial Ass 0- We often ask, "Well, ciation promise the i r what are we going to do of the Suchowfu Field, China, by permission of the support in the arranging Presbyterian Church in the U. S. and holding of a larger about it?" Well, what? meeting for the adults." It is May Day and we "begin through the grass to be Missions will have a luncheon It was a larger meeting.-Why? bound to the Lord" – and find party. The theme is, "Who we the Lord "on the glancing wings are; what we do." The May Day From a small place with a wild of eager birds, the softly patting party, begun in the dark days of feet of furred and gentle beasts." 1933, has as. its main purpose and stormy name came the re- And with Masefield we know the assertion of the Life that is port, "The two small churches of "The Everlasting Mercy" and in us, and the encouragement of our town observed the World cry, one another to keep steadfast in Day of Prayer. We had a profit- the days ahead. able prayer hour together." o glory of the lighted mind . . . o glory of the lighted soul . . . WORLD DAY OF PRAYER Other small towns report that FOR MISSIONS "the service was under the direc- It's dawn, and I must north tion of the ministers' wives." Along the road Christ led me forth . . . In Gre'ater New York on the The Union Federated Church in I kneel'd there in the muddy fallow; World Day of Prayer on the first one town invited the other I knew that Christ was there with Friday in Lent there were sixty meetings of Christ's followers church (Christian) and a coun- Callow, for meditation and p ray e r. try church to pray with them. That Christ was standing there with What for? After the meeting, they served tea. In one Pennsylvania town, me, In the midst of cruel negli- "in spite of inclement weather, That Christ had taught me what to be, gence on the part of man for 96 persons attended. They rep- That I should plough . . . And as I drove the clods apart resented twelve denominations." Christ would be ploughing in my heart, In one state all the churches in Through rest-harrow and bitter roots Through all my bad life's rotten fruits. the township came. From a And we today contemplate God's own hungry and uncared- southern state where floods and "the open gate," "Christ, the for children, Christians prayed suffering threaten life, came a plough, Christ, the laughter of to know how to bear their own report with a money order for holy white birds flying after." burdens and "bear each other's- $1.50 from a group which met to' We too sing a new song, put our burdens and so fulfill the law of learn how to help "in bearing hands to the plow, and follow Christ." burdens." "It might not be out after. As in New York City, so in of place here to ask you to pray On May Day, Wednesday, the Chicago, and other large cities, for us. Our little church (Pres- Administrative Committee of Christians prayed. As also in the byterian) burned to the ground the Council of Women for Home wee country town where four last month. (No fire department [242 ]

BULLETIN OF THE COUNCIL OF WOMEN FOR HOME MISSIONS

in country.) We hope to re- denominational missionary proj- ward a Christian America," build." ects: (1) for Christian litera- "Christian Youth in Action," ture for women and children of "Women Under the Southern One friend wrote from Iowa, other lands; (2) for special ob- Cross." "I found that the World Day of jects in Christian women's col- Prayer had never been observed leges in those lands; (3) for re- "The Triumph of Goodwill" in our town, and the majority of ligious education work among as a method for maintaining our church women had 'never so American Indian high school peace among nations is being much as heard there was such a students; (4) for the children presented dramatically at varithing.' The service was beauti- of the burden bearers, known as ous conferences. The play is by ful and impressive…. Eighty migrant laborers, in the crop Mrs. J. M. Callister. from three denominations were fields of the U. S. A. present. You will smile when I Further, the editor would like tell you that ten young matrons The fellowship of prayer thus comments from the pastors' gave up their regular bridge expressed continues "with hands wives who attend the following club meeting and attended as a to the plough." Preparations conferences which are planned club. If nothing else were ac- are now under way for the next by the Home Missions Council complished than our worship to- Worm. Day of Prayer, the first and the Federal Council of the gether, it was most worth while Friday in Lent, February 28, Churches of Christ in America for it will help break down these 1936. for the purpose of "continuing denominational walls that I education for the minister in can't get used to and never CONFERENCES AND town and country." Three days shall!" of the next annual meetings of SCHOOLS OF MISSIONS the Home Missions Councils, Indian school students held Washington, D. C., January 12services. Other mission schools "And while they talked and talked, 17, 1936, will be devoted to a . and hospitals observed the Day. and while they sat "Conference on the R u r a I A greater number of young peo- Church." ple's services for worship were Changing their base minds into baser held. And the children prayed coin; Schools Planned for 1935 in services of their own-for "of such is the Kingdom of Heaven." And telling-they! . . . The West Virginia State Ministers' I turned from them in fury, and I Conference, Jackson's Mill, West All these and many who have Va., May 13-17. not yet reported prayed with ran. . . ." Christians around the world for Seminar for Town and Country Min- "a quickened conscience toward This poet went to the wrong isters, Y. M. C. A. College, Springthe world's burden bearers." In conference and ran to seek solace field, Mass., June 3-8. China the very name, "coolies," from nature, or he went to a has something to do with their school of missions leaving his Drew Summer Conference, Drew Unisad lot in life. The picture of mind and s p i r i t elsewhere. versity, Madison, N. J., June 3-14. the women of Suchow, China, There are times when it is good who met with the world for Christian social action for indi- The Rural Church Institute, Duke prayer on March 8, symbolizes viduals and groups not to go to University, Durham, N. C., June the world fellowship. All these conferences. 10-21. prayed for "courage to stand for the right and willingness to ac- But, if individuals and groups Rural Leadership School, Purdue Unicept the sacrifices involved for go to a Summer Conference or versity, Lafayette, Ind., June 24us all in the building of a better School of Missions to give of July 5. world; for justice and under- their best and to learn, in order standing between individuals, to serve the home community as Rural Leadership School, University classes, races, and nations." well as to stretch their souls' of Wisconsin, Madison, Wis., July horizons upward to the Source 1-12. All these came together and of Life and around the world to brought gifts for others. The all the children of God and of Auburn Summer School of Theology, 1,750 reports brought free-will men-what then? Auburn, N. Y., July 1-18. offerings, large and small. What for? Overhead? No, overhead Have you seen the list of con- School for Town and Country Minisfor the World Day of Prayer is ferences on the cover page of ters, Michig-an State College, East carried cooperatively by the this issue? Are you attending a Lansing, Mich., July 8-19. conference? Committee of Women's Work of The Ministers' Short Course, South the Foreign Missions Conference The Northfield Missionary Dakota State College, Brookings, and by the Council of Women for Conference July 5-13, carries on S. D., July 8-19. Home Missions. The literature the announcement the following is made to pay for itself. The challenge, "Faith-noble charac- Virginia Summer School for Rural many offerings were for the ter-knowledge-self-control- Ministers, Virginia Polytechnic Inmost part designated to be di- steadfastness – go d lin e s s- stitute, Blacksburg, Va., July 16-26. brotherliness – love . . . these vided equally among four inter- qualities … render you active Rural Welfare Conference, Ontario and fruitful in the knowledge of Ladies' College, Whitby, Ont., July our Lord Jesus Christ." 29.

Practically a II conferences School for Rural Pastors, Garrett provide study classes in "To- Biblical Institute, Evanston, Ill., July 29-August 2.

The Pastors' Institute, Divinity School, University of Chicago, Chicago The- ological Seminary, Disciples Divin- ity House, July 29-August 4.

Pastors' Summer School, Hollister, Mo., August 6-16.

~= !

~ Our World~wide Outlook ~~''-I_~=-=A-M-iss=iona=ry=Ne-wsp=ape=r o=f C=urr=ent=Ev=ent=s ===~I~ AFRICA visits and hundreds are still not with government consent be cir- culated in the native vernaculars only, A Bird's-Eye View without help. but must be published in Portuguese A direct outgrowth of the with readings appearing on alternate Rev. A. McLeish, former missionary in Rajputana, gives baby clinic is the Little Girls' pages in native languages. some figures comparing Africa with India: Club, inaugurated over three The Jarawa There are 13 million Christians in years ago for children between the Dark Continent, about 9 per cent of the population, or one Christian to the ages of six and marriage age The Sudan Interior Mission about 10.5 people; in India there is has been at work for ten years one Christian to every 56 people. -about ten. Every afternoon among the pagan J arawa in the There are three times as many mis- between 2 and 4 forty little girls Das district. They number over sionaries to a million people in Africa learn to read, write, play games 100,000, and came originally as in India; yet only 8 out of its 65 from Bornu. It is thought they divisions are adequately occupied. and sing simple Arabic hymns are related to the Beri-Beri tribe. South Africa is most fully occupied, and songs. Next in importance They practice ancestor worship and should no longer be regarded as as do many other pagans, and a foreign mission field; its three and to the Bible talk are the hygiene have a strong bent to Mohama half million Christians should evan- and mothercraft lessons. They medanism of the most bigoted gelize the unreached portions. The sort. great Moslem field of North India is are also learning to make eastern the most needy territory in India. embroideries on linen articles. Ten years of prayer and seed The sale of their work helps each sowing is now yielding a harvest. -World Dominion. Christians have been organized child to earn a little, which is into "bands" for aggressive Eyes Tha,t See put into the bank in readiness service, each band being under An African Christian used for the time when she is mar- an efficient evangelist. They this illustration to convince a ried. The remaining part of the systematically preach over this crowd of angry villagers that whole district, and many' miles they should not object to their profits pays the salaries of two outside. They conduct from 200 headman's acceptance of Christ: club workers, and the expenses to 250 services a week, with the result that over twenty classes Suppose that you are walking of the nursery school, which is for religious instruction are bethrough a dark forest and come to a run on the lines of those organ- ing conducted in the various vilclearing where there is one tall tree. A man stands gazing up into the tree, ized in England, and makes proand you see by his face there is vision for the children who are something up there. You stop and unable to join the Little Girls' look, too, but cannot see what he sees. The leaves are too thick. But that Club till they are six. All this does not prove there is nothing there. work centers in the spiritual For years our brothers in other towns motive. have been looking up. They see something we do not see. But can we say The Problem of Nationalism lages. Sunday services are growour brother does not see, because we ing in interest and attendance. do not? No, my friends; we can only Robert M. Hopkins, General The ten evangelists come in keep looking, and not be stumbling- Secretary of the World's Sunday every week-end for an intensive blocks to those who do see. School Association, after his period of Bible study and then visit to Africa to study the dif- go out to attack the strongholds Building a New Egypt ferent areas, says: of Satan again. Eight of these Miss Lea Wynne, writing from Cairo for the C. M. S. Outlook, Africa is a group of unrelated have no pay whatever for their describes the Society's welfare colonies in which are reflected the con- services; two are supported by center in Boulac. The building flicting attitudes and policies of variis a haven of refuge from its ous European powers, notably Great the local church. sinful, filthy surroundings. The Britain, France, Belgium, Portugal, -Evangelical Christian. clinic is open twice a week and every mother is expected to come Italy and Spain, with influences from once a week. Homes are visited Germany in the background. Per- Shepherd Has Many Sheep by the workers between these meating all these colonies is the in- fluence from Rome. The attitude of Rev. H. A. Sodergren, Baptist governing powers partakes of all the missionary of Moanza, Belgian evils of absentee landlordism; and – the consequent political, racial, social, Congo, for almost two months at . industrial, commercial, educational, the close of last year toured linguistic problems are most complex. among twelve church centers of that vast field. In the Watch- This has become more pronounced man-Examiner he reports 2,081 since the war, especially in Angola. candidates having been exam- where the freedom of British and American Protestant missionaries is ined for baptism, 418 of whom increasingly limited. Bibles now may [244 J

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

were accepted. More than 7,500 penser, and your own words, and roads render traveling to any inquirers are on the lists at this I promise you here and now, be- part of the protectorate an easy time. One of the Congo deacons fore God, to do as you wish.''' matter. .

prayed for divine help for the The culprit was aghast at At a meeting of the WorId missionary in these w 0 r d s: what he had done, and full of Evangelical Alliance in London, "Bless this white man. You remorse. He said: "I can take J. J. Willis, former Bishop of have chosen him to put these what is coming to me from the Uganda, told of other changes.

sheep in their stalls and to watch State, but what is troubling me Until 1924, missionary bodies over them, too." is-how do I stand with God? were responsible for all educa- Can He ever forgive me such an tional work. Then it was recog- New Governor General for awful sin?" nized that the missionaries could -L. M. S. Herald. not cope with the stupendou8 Congo task of education for so large an At the suggestion of the Bel- Church with One Member area. The Government was apgian Colonial Minister, King proached, and a Director of Edu- Leopold III last September ap- Going through a West African cation appointed, who chose the pointed M. Pierre Ryckmans as village where he knew there was Governor-General of the Belgian no church, the Protestant Epis- course of working with and Congo. This appointment has copal Bishop of Accra was as- through the missions. An adbeen received with satisfaction tonished to come upon a little visory council, consisting of repas he is known to be a man of building about ten feet long, independence, and high moral with a cross on it. He looked in- resentative missionaries, govstandards. He is 43 years of side and found it unmistakably ernment officials and native age, has been in the Congo since a church. It had a rough altar 1915 and is the author of sev- with a handmade cross, and leaders decide all policies. The eral books, the best known being three little bamboo pews. While whole system is under the direcpublished three years ago under the Bishop was looking a man tion of missionary bodies, and the title "Dominer pour Servir." came running to him from his Christian teaching is an .integral In this book the author reveals work in the fields. his attitude to many colonial part of the curriculum. As a requestions. The following is a "Who are you?" asked the sult, thousands have been taught translation of a short quotation Bishop. from the preface of this book: to read. The whole Bible has "I am the owner of the build- been translated into two lan- To rule to serve–this is the only ing," the man said. "I built it." guages; the New Testament into excuse for colonial conquest and it is also its full justification. To serve "And how many Christians four other dialects, and the four Africa means to civilize her. Not have you?" Gospels have been translated only must we create new needs and into yet other tongues. Twentyprovide the means of satisfying them, "Only one at present," the not only exploit the colony, not only man said, "but when we had our three book depots have been esenrich it, but make the people better, harvest festival, every seat was tablished in different centers. happier, more manly. To be able to full. When I came to live here serve, one must know. To be willing I was the only Christian and no Christianity in Uganda has exto serve, one must love; and it is in one would listen to me,·but I tended during the last twenty learning to know the natives that one thought if the people see that I years in three directions. To the learns to love them. build a house for the Christian God, they will take notice of my north, a chain of Christian tribes -Congo Mission News. message. I will not rest until have acted as a barrier against they have found the Lord." Chief Takes the High Road the downward march of Moham- Changes in Uganda medanism from Egypt. To the Mrs. Palmer, L. M. S. worker West, that great African saint, Apolo, carried the Gospel into the vast forests wherein the pig- mies live, right into Belgian Congo. To the south, the ag- gressive work of the Ruanda at Valemba, tells a touching Sweeping changes have taken pioneers is well known.

story of an old pagan chief who place in Uganda; the most ob- ~The Christian.

had been stabbed by a Christian vious being that distance is prac- boy in a tribal quarrel, and was tically annihilated. In 1931, Lions in ,the Way brought to the mission hospital. train service was inaugurated Mr. Roy Shaffer, of the Africa "He was in great pain, but from the coast to Kampala, cap- Inland Mission, tells of a thrill- ing experience in Kenya Colony: said to us : 'Your dispenser boy ital of Uganda; in 1900, one here has been talking to me, tell- must walk the greater part of ing me that I must try to forgive the way; it took eight days to A few days ago I made a trip to Simba station. On my way I passed Yoane, to take all resentment cross Victoria Lake in canoes. a bunch of lions, one huge male, two and hatred out of my heart by It is now only two days' journey females and seven cubs. They were the strength of God, and not to from Mombasa to Kampala, and within fifty feet of the road and sat let any of my people retaliate on six days' journey by air from calmly on their haunches while I passed by. When I returned to that the Ilondo people' (as of course London. The whole country has area coming home, it was nine o'clock, they threatened to do). 'I have been opened up internally by and I was hopeful that I would not heard the words of your dis- roads; a network of good motor find them lying in the road as is their

custom; but to my amazement I found and all foreign schools are subject to the children's efforts not to steal eight full-grown lions all lying in and supervision. Those responsible for or lie. near the road! I stopped the little conducting the American schools have Ford car and told the native boy who been quick to adapt their methods to Proof of Success in Persia was with me to load the shotgun, the the new conditions. They have made only weapon we had with us. The an honest effort to make the American Dr. R. E. Hoffman reports to lions all got up, and I started the schools also national in the sense that the Mission to Lepers that the car, pulling oft' the road with the they aim to fit in with the Turkish success of their work at Meshed, thought of going around them through program, and, in accordance with the Persia, has caused an embarrassthe tall dry grass. But when I came Turkish ideal, seek to make genuine ing development-the coming of up even with them they all came over patriotic Turks and not simply sophis- so many Afghan lepers. "Most to the car. I could almost have touched ticated Turks who are more foreign of the Afghans are even poorer some of them, ;lS they were on my side in their culture than they are Turkish. than the Persians. One group, of the car. I kept the spotlight turned Recently there has been evidence of a man, his sister and wife, all on them, hoping thereby to confuse Turkish appreciation of this purpose. lepers, brought along their old them. They followed us along closely father, about 90 years old and till we got back into the road, where A short time ago a Turkish student not a leper. Their clothing was we could make sufficient speed to leave in America stated why he hoped Amer- all tatters; they did not have a them behind. Lions accompanied by ican mission schools would continue whole garment among them. small cubs are most dangerous, and it in Turkey. He himself hopes to re- The three who were lepers rewas with a feeling of great relief, and turn for service in government schools, ceived their sheepskin coatsa shout of praise to our heavenly Fa- but wants to continue in connection thanks to the special fund sent ther for His protecting care, that we with the American Board school from out last year by the Mission to realized we were safely beyond them. which he graduated. "In the Amer- Lepers for that purpose-their ican schools," he said, "there is more 60-cent allowance and their cer- -Moody Institute Monthly. opportunity for experimenting, for tificate of admission to the col- trying out new ways and methods. ony. The old man, not being a In Nairobi Then, too, in the American schools the leper, got no coat and no money: relationship between teachers and stu- he felt very unfortunate, for Large numbers of the young dents is closer than in the other once, at not being a leper! The people who come to Nairobi in Persian doctors, the Governorsearch of work are willing to put schools." general, the Chief of the Shrine, themselves under Christian in- and health department officials fluence, and to come for regular Palestine's Jewish Population frequently hand us good worda teaching. A worker of the because of the mission; there is C. M. S. writes in The Christian: The Jewish Daily Bulletin something so peculiarly Chris- tian about it all, that I feel it is At present about 1,400 people are gives the number of Jews in one of the best sermons we can under instruction for baptism, and preach." the adequate handling of the classes Palestine as 307,312, representis a problem. It is like a small mass INDIA movement. On Saturday afternoons ing 26 % of the total population we have about 1,000 on the compound "Constructive" Thinking in the different classes, and we have of the country. The rapid inby no means sufficient accommodation, A. W. Marshall, American yet we praise God for the large num- crease is revealed by the follow- Presbyterian missionary i n bers which create such a problem. We western India, says that even now have three different services at ing data: No. 0/ Jews Increase the best of Indian workmen can the native prison on a Sunday. Two hold only one idea in mind at a extra services have been arranged 1920 ……. … 75,000 95,000 time; so that one must be on during the past year, and are greatly 50,000 the alert to detect and correct appreciated by the prisoners. 1930 ………. 170,000 30,000 mistakes. Half an inch out of 1932 ………. 220,000 57,312 plumb or an inch or two out of The Pumwani church in Nairobi 1934 ………. 250,000 line makes very little impreshas been extended. and although it 1935 ………. 307,312 sion upon them. How can the now holds 400 to 500, is still not large Sahib know? enough. Elijah Gacanja, the African Sunday Schools in Arabia who is in charg-e there, is doing excel- "Make all your window sash to take lent work, and it is rapidly growing. Many years ago Sunday school standard sizes of glass just as it We had a successful mission there: work was inaugurated in Arabia comes from the bazaar," a carpenter many open-air meetings were held, and among the children of the Beloo- is told. quite a large number of Moslems chis, who migrated from their listened to the Gospel. . own country to make their homes "All right, I will have them all in the. southeastern section of exactly right." WESTERN ASIA Arabia. In the lives of many of these children, Sunday school is When the g-lass is brought it will Education in Turkey the only bright spot. Parents not fit. Half an inch-an inch-too and children alike respond to the large. Rev. J. Kingsley Birge, on gestures of love and friendship furlough and studying at Hart- on the part of the missionaries. "But we can cut and fit the glass ford Seminary, comments on all right." American Board Schools in As a result of hard work, per- Turkey: severance and courage there is "Yes, but why didn't you make the now reported in Muscat a Sun- sash as directed?" Under the influence of a strong na- day school of six classes. There_ tionalistic spirit the Turkish Republic are well over 250 enrolled. A "I did-but I said to myself.•.•" has been energetically pushing a program of national education. All ele- 50 % attendance is considered mentary education is under control of the Department of Public Instruction, excellent since most of the chil- dren must help to support their families. Instruction in hand work is given, but the most gratifying results are seen in

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

And so a hundred or more panes of lands; and in India alone, still The Dead Speak glass have to be cut once or twice to its main field of work, there are fit the work, rather than obey exactly now 36 homes of the mission A Baptist missionary of On- the instructions given. with 6,700 inmates; 850 healthy gole writes in Missions: children are being rescued by "Why is this porch post put here?" the special provision made for "A few days ago I was riding "Why that seems to us the proper them; aid is given to another 15 along on my bicycle on a seven- place." teen-mile trip to my camping "But you were told to put it here, homes with 1,600 inmates; 6,000 place. It was noon. The sun were you not?" outpatients attend the mission's was pouring its all-penetrating "Yes you told us to put it there, but clinics. Its largest field of work glare all around, fairly blinding we thought-." in anyone division is in the me. In a small village I stopped "But how are you going to put your Central Provinces. The Champa to inquire my way and the peo- wire cloth on the post if put there?" ple greeted me with eagerness. "Why we never thought of that-." Home in 30 years has developed And another piece of work has to be from two primitive huts to Beth- "After a little while my path done over. esda Hospital with 37 wards, 515 took me out into some rice fields. inmates, four buildings for the Beyond the fields I came to an- -Western India Notes. other village. Just before reach- healthy staff; one office and dis- ing it I passed a Christian ceme- Good Work for Lepers pensary; a home for leper boys; tery and I noticed a newly erected stone. On it in crude The Rev. E. S. Allwood, late the Spencer Jack Memorial com- Telugu letters were inscribed Hon. Superintendent of Rani- pleted in August, 1934, for these words: ganj Leper Home, Bengal, say~: tainted girls; a large church; "AKKAYYA – 80 Years Old, The Mission to Lepers is ef- two homes for healthy children, Went to Sleep in the Lord." fectively combating leprosy and all buildings of solid masonry. serving the lepers in India in From April, 1902, to August, Evangelism in India three ways. 1934, this home has given shelter The meeting of the National 1. The Mission has aroused for a shorter or longer time to Christian Council (December 28public opinion. In the past he 2,500 patients. Sixty-five lepers January 1) at Nagpur, was sigwho most needs sympathy and nalized by the emphasis laid on .care has received least. There have been discharged as symp- the subject of evangelism. In are reasons for this-man's tom-free, and are living in their addition to special evangelistic loathing of the disease, the dan- efforts, such as campaigns and ger of infection and the feeling respective villages. The healthy weeks of witness, the Council of hopelessness that the leper homes have sheltered 85 chil- will seek to stimulate evangeliscould ever be cured. But the dren. Of these 22 are married. tic effort continuously and to Mission to Lepers has changed put it always as the dominant all this. Today there is a con- Children of these couples num- note in all Christian activity. cern about leprosy and for those ber 26. The Executive Committee was who suffer from it, and the Gov- charged with the special reernments are contributing to- Dr. Sam Higginbottom, who sponsibility of the promotion of wards the work. the evangelistic m 0 vern e n t has superintended the work at throughout India and the Bishop 2. It has saved thousands of Naini, United Provinces, for of Dornakal, Dr. Stanley Jones, children from leprosy. It has over 30 years, draws striking Bishop Bannerjee and the Rev. cared for parents, and has also H. C. Balasundaram were appersuaded parents to put their contrasts between then and now: pointed counsellors to assist the children into children's homes Executive Committee in carryand has transformed life for Then fifty helpless adult lepers. ing out this plan. them. N ow over 500. Then no children's homes, so that nearly every child in Attention was given to Dr. J. 3. It has brought thousands the asylum contracted the disease. W. Pickett's work in following of lepers within the reach of J e- Now beautiful homes for the taint- up the mass movement enquiry, sus Christ. Among them is the free children of lepers; about 97 per and steps were taken to ensure a Christian doctor and his staff, cent saved from the disease because continuance of this work until and before they have been long taken from their parents in time; the end of 1936. in the mission homes many are seeking for baptism because they also a babies' home where those taken A call to prayer for India has realize that in Christ there is from their mothers are kept under ob- been issued over the signatures Someone who· has impelled His servation; also a home for children of ten British leaders of differown people to do for them some- with the disease, with cure expectancy ent communions. Prayer is thing that no Hindu deity and of 75 per cent. Then no church; now asked that the present period of no Moslem prophet has led his a beautiful church, crowded every political change may issue in the followers to do. Sunday; every day the lepers gathered true welfare of India, and that in small groups for Bible study and -Without the Camp. worship; they support the church and all good causes. Then no medical Sixty Years' Growth work of any kind. Now a hospital and dispensary in charge of a highly At the end of its 60th year of service the Mission to Lepers is trained Indian Christian doctor who now at work in over twenty has under him a force of trained lepers, or cured lepers and nonlepers, nurses, temperature takers, stretcher bearers and compounders; a labora- tory in charge of a leper scientist who prepares the chaulmoogra oil deriva- tive that is not only used in our asylum but in Government dispen- saries and mission hospitals over a wide area.

the Church in India may be an One marked development is the growth A few weeks ago, in looking over a of bands of young men, from 17 to 25 recent anthology of Chinese prose ever greater influence for good. years of age, all keen for service. published by one of the most impor- -International Missionary tant Chinese firms, I was surprised to Council. Chinese Church in Siam find two very long passages from the Union Version included as examples Chinese Baptists in Bangkok News from Assam have what is probably the oldest of fine literature. I promptly wrote Not many years ago the peo- Protestant Chinese church in the to the Bible Societies' Secretaries, to ple of the Garo Hills were a race world. Another distinction of let them know, and I think they are of savages with no written lan- this group is that they have wor"' passing on the information to their Home Committees. I am sure that the guage. Now there are 21 mother significance of the fact cannot be exagchurches and over 200 branch churches, with the Garos them- shiped in the same place for gerated. Hundreds of Chinese men selves assuming a great deal of of letters will find in that anthology, more than a hundred years. side by side with writings from their responsibility for educating and The 102d anniversary of the foremost literary men, extracts from evangelizing their own people. church's occupation of its pres- the Bible. It has never happened be- On their own initiative they ent site was celebrated not long fore. Indeed, as you know well, the opened a high school this year. ago by services in Chinese and time is not far distant when scholars English. The first newspaper for the used to sneer at the Mandarin Bible. Preceding the communion Now, one of their own members picks Naga Hills was published dur- out whole chapters from Matthew and ing the past year. It is both a service it was remarked that the Mark as examples of modern Chinese religious and secular publication, cause of unity had progressed style. Unless I am mistaken, this will mean that some of them at least will from those early days, when read the Book from which the extracts three persons dwelling in the and is helping to consolidate the same house had to have three are taken. -China's Millions. Nagas. There has been 536 Ao separate communion services. Naga and 32 Miri Naga baptisms this year. The Naga con- -The Christian Century. Important Medical Congress stituency is almost 9,000 at present. Persecution has driven CHINA The ninth Congress of the Far some back to heathenism, but Eastern Association of Tropical' the majority remain faithful. New Life Movement Medicine met in Nanking re- cently. It is reported that the -Facts from World Fields. Madame Chiang Kai Shek, Nanking Government spent over speaking in Taiyuanfu, said: $40,000 for entertainment. This Among the Outcastes in Orissa Christianity has a greater chance was by far the most important in China today than in any other medical gathering ever held in Rev. J. W. Biggs, an English country in the world. The New Life the Far East. The present gov- Movement has organized a special Baptist missionary in Orissa, force of men as local government ernment's interest in health ad- agents. When a district is recovered gives a glimpse of the work there from Communist occupation they go vancement was evinced by the in The Christian: there. The people have no money; generous hospitality to the dele- their houses have been burned; and gates. Each one was presented We work in four areas, which total their oxen taken by Communists. Ar- with "A Glimpse of China," a 4,000 square miles, and are now open- rangements are made whereby the bound program, authors' papers, ing up in two more native States, farmers get implements loaned to a silk-covered "Pictorial Survey hitherto closed to us. The population them at a very low rental, to be paid of National Public Health Acis over 800,000. A visitation of the in easy instalments. We believe it tivities" and "Manchurian 72 churches involves over 1,600 miles ruins their self-respect to make outof travel. In some of these churches as many as fourteen villages are right gifts to them. This "army" Plague Prevention Service," and united, some of them being ten miles helps to plough up the lands free of apart. In this way most of the charge. a fine silver badge more like a churches are centers of village groups. war-time decoration than any- Altogether we have over 500 villages The New Life Movement is flexible, thing else. There were sight- so that it takes in any needed local re- now in direct association with the form. For example, in Sianfu opium seeing trips, banquets, a special churches and claimed for Christ by is the curse; there the Movement has organized an opium curing clinic. In Chinese theatrical performance the presence of baptized, witnessing by a famous company of actors Kansu, foot binding is the great evil; from Peiping, and private auto- Christians. Baptisms this year so far amount to ,186, and we have a great the women are combating- this. In part of our area yet to visit.. There Kaifeng, trachoma must be fought; mobiles for the use of delegates has been long preparation and testing throughout the Congress. government agents have wiped out the in each case. We have over 300 can- fly menace. -World Call.

didates anxiously waiting for exam- -Missi()nary Herald.

ination, and many more who are defi- nite inquirers, openly associating The Bible as Literature On Church Unity themselves with God's children. I It is something new to find the The question of church unity' Chinese beginning to look upon has been reopened. The standwas out in two new villages a few the Bible as an example of good ing committee on church unity days ago, and these people, before there is a baptism, much less an organized church; are giving regularly, their gifts for the work. So far this literary style. Rev. A. J. Gar- of the Anglican communion inyear we have, by baptism of their inhabitants, opened up 17 new villages, nier calls attention to this in the vited 13 church groups to send in which since the beginning of the following extract from a letter representatives to meet with year, we have 60 earnest inquirers. to Dr. E. H. Edwards: them on January 23, 24. Six

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

churches responded, the Church best be conserved and continued. agenda of which major considerof Christ in China; Methodist As a result, the Executive Com- ation will be given to the prob- Episcopal; Methodist Episcopal, mittee has recommended to the lems of church union, better co- South; English; Methodist; biennial meeting of the National operation with western churches Northern Baptist, and the North Christian Council that the move- and missionary boards, and the China Congregational. In all 25 ment be continued for a further proper attitude of Christianity were present, of whom 44 per period. toward the spiritual awakenings cent were Chinese. Bishop T. now to be observed in all reli- K. Shen presided. A representa- A special commission on pro- gious circles. tive of each group stated the gram and cooperation, which has position of his group as regards been at work for some months, The Kingdom of God weekly organic unity. These statements has initiated a plan for securing has been an important factor as were frank and revealed con- closer cooperation of Christian an interdenominational organ of siderable divergence of attitude. forces in Shanghai and develop- wide circulation, but its contin- At the close of the Conference, ing a united Christian program uance is a difficult problem for however, delegates unanimously for the community. To begin the National Christian Council. expressed their conviction as with, a survey of all the Chris- It now seems probable that Dr. follows: tian work being carried on in the Kagawa will save the day by city is being made, after which guaranteeing necessary funds, "We find ourselves united in a conference of Christian leaders and by writing regularly for it. our loyalty to Jesus Christ and, is to be held and plans for com- The Christian Literature Society in our earnest desire to become munity service laid. and the National Christian so united that the result may be Council will also cooperate in its an organic union of all Christian -International Missionary publication and distribution as bodies, we believe that the time Council. heretofore. has come when some definite action is not only desirable but Sherwood Eddy's Campaign Is Japan Evangelized? necessary." After an evangelistic cam- Rev. Frank L. Fesperman, of A continuation committee is paign in 20 cities of 12 prov- Sendai, gives some facts in the to arrange for a further confer- inces, Sherwood Eddy reports: Outlook of Missions bearing on ence in 1936, and to prepare and this question. The state relidistribute literature bearing on Throughout China I have felt the gion, Shintoism, is los i n g the present situation as regards throbbing sense of having "good news" ground; Buddhism continues to church unity. to offer a despairing people in a way flourish, is even planting reli- of life that carries with it the poten- gious colonies in Manchuko. The -Christian Century. tialities of personal regeneration and tide of nationalism creates in- national rebirth. During the last four creasing difficulties for promul- Score for Mission Schools months there have been in attendance gating the Christian spirit: at the meetings conducted by my Chi- The third edition of Who's nese fellow workers, my brother and Numerically, as well as so- Who in China publishes bio- myself, over 200,000. This meant an cially and spiritually, evangelizagraphical sketches of 960 Chi- average of over two thousand students tion of the masses falls far short nese from twelve provinces. and youth each day. A total of 2,477 of realization. Dr. William Ax- More than half are found in made decisions to enter the Christian ling made a study of 145 smaller Shanghai, Peiping and Canton. way of life, and 3,994 to join Bible cities and large towns, and found Of the total, 620, or about two- classes in order to study Christianity. that out of a total population of thirds, have attended colleges or So great was the interest that radio 5,931,766 there are 469 churches, universities. Of these, 419 went broadcasts or loud speakers had fre- with the responsibility of about to government or private schools quently to be used for overflow audi- 12,648 persons each. Some cities and 201 were educated in mis- ences. In eight provinces officials came fare worse. Japan has a total sion schools; that is to say, more together for the most searching talks of 11,434 towns and villages. Of than one-fifth of the prominent upon the moral weaknesses which are the 1,697 towns only 848 have leaders of today in all walks of threatening China's downfall: in six come under Christian occupation life in China received their edu- provinces these officials were called and of the 9,737 villages only cation in schools and colleges together by the governors or provincial 610 are occupied by a church or supported by foreign mission chairmen. In almost everyone of the a preaching place, leaving 9,976 boards. twenty cities from 100 to 600 students as virgin soil for the Gospel. have been enrolled in Bible classes, -Facts from World Fields. with the twofold object of strength- Figures are quoted to show ening their own characters and under- that four-tenths of one per cent United Program for China taking some practical project for na- of Japan's total population is tional or social reconstruction. nominally Christian. The aston- The Executive Committee of ishing fact is that Christianity the National Christian Council -Far Horizons. has so greatly influenced the naconducted an inquiry last year tion's life. In fact, a new spirit to discover how the work of the JAPAN -CHOSEN is seen in the churches, and con- Five-Year Movement (January, certed effort has been made to 1930 to December, 1934) could Christian Unity Growing The way seems to be opening for a larger degree of Christian cooperation in Japan. An All- Japan Christian Conference has been called for 1935, on the

put a number of the churches Though this movement is not It has been decided to continue on an independent basis in 1935. solely the affair of Christians, its publishing the Kingdom of God success is largely due to Chris- Weekly. The National Christian Religious Interest Renewed tian leadership. Council, the Christian Literature Society and the Kagawa Group Influential factors in a revival -Christian Observer. have united in organizing an ediof interest in religion have been torial committee to take over the the uncertainty of the times, the Girls Sold for Taxes publication of this evangelistic business depression and the in- paper. ternational situation; but an Here is further proof that important stimulus was a course militarism is a curse. Japan's -International Missionary of radio lectures on religion farmers must pay 60 per cent of Council. given by Rev. Entai Tomomatsu their earnings in taxes; no less early last year. It is said that than 30,000 Japanese country Korean Church in Japan no series of radio talks has ever girls have been sold to help made such a deep impression as meet these taxes. The govern- There are 500,000 Koreans did his exposition of the Budd- ment spends annually 46 per scattered throughout J a pan. hist faith. These lectures, pub- cent of the national revenue for Among them are 48 churches lished under the title of "A Text- maintaining the army and navy. with about 4,000 Christians, book of Religion" have in less 1,000 of them baptized. In the than six months reached a sale Girls of salable age range establishment of this work, the of over 200,000. The speaker's from sixteen to twenty-three Methodist and Presbyterian ability to interpret the modern years and prices for them run churches in Korea and the six age, with its social, economic from $3 to $300. One farmer missions in Chosen, the Canaand national problems, in terms rejoiced when he sold his twenty- dian Presbyterian Church Misof Buddhist philosophy with a year-old daughter for 1,000 yen, sion in Japan have cooperated. superficial resemblance to Chris- but changed his tune when he It has now written its own contianity, was unique. The treat- learned that the broker took stitution and creed, and set up ment and presentation of his about 30 per cent as his commis- an organization with something message was not very different sion. like sessions, presbyteries or confrom those of a Christian lec- ferences, and a supreme council. turer, and free from a back- The National Christian Coun- In September, 1934, practically ground of temples, Sutras, in- cil of Japan has been concerned all the cooperating bodies corcense and vestments. about the welfare of the Jap- dially approved the new organ- anese girls and steps have been ization. Some six or seven of Advertisements of books on taken to prevent such sales. the congregations already have religious subjects appear on the their buildings paid for, and front pages of the newspapers Looking Ahead in Japan they are paying generously to to an extent unknown thus far. their workers' support. The rise of semi-religious cults The Kingdom of God Moveis another aspect of a renewed ment as an organized effort came -Presbyterian Banner. interest in religion; all of which to an end on December 31, 1934. presents a challenge to Chris- At a meeting of thanksgiving a Korean Farmers' Plight tianity. number of leading Christians spoke of things the movement Korean farmers are today in -Japan Christian Quarterly. had achieved, chief among them a worse condition than ever be- being the creation of a keen fore. Most of the fertile land is Prohibition Advance spirit of cooperation among now in the possession of Jap- Christians of different commu- anese agricultural and irrigation Prohibition is making prog- nions. All the speakers were companies subsidized by the govress in Japan, as the twenty or convinced of the need for con- ernment. In addition to handing more "dry villages" bear wit- serving this spirit if the Church over their produce to the owners ness. There are also the Miners' is to make an effective impres- at prices far below the open Prohibition Society, the Railway sion on the life of Japan: market price, the hapless farm- Prohibition Society, the Em- ers are forced to buy Japanese ployes' Prohibition Society, and The evangelistic work of individual goods at high prices, and to pay Laborers' Prohibition Society, denominations cannot challenge com- a whole series of heavy taxes. which have been formed one munities and society, and mould the Fifty-two different kinds of after another, all of which are moral, social and national life of the exactions are imposed upon the doing successful work. Includ- Empire. The Christian churches can farmers, and eleven of these are ing all the various organizations, do this only when they unite their direct taxes. Between 1919, the total membership under the forces and advance with an unbroken when the government was supbanner of the National Prohibi- front. posed to have instituted land retion League of Japan has already forms in Korea, and 1933 the reached the 300,000 mark, and Cooperation in evangelism is a land tax increased by 60 per the movement promises to sweep step on the road to church union, cent; local taxes for adminison with accelerated s pee d. which is to be the central sub- trative upkeep have increased ject of the All-Japan Christian Conference to be held later in the year.

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

43 fold since 1913, while the head table and of good moral char- Daure, had been present as a tax has risen 240 times in eigh- acter. boy when Lawes came ashore in teen years. They have established a form the ship's boat. He remembered The agricultural workers re- of Christian communism, hav- hearing some of the men in the ceive in wages an average of fif- ing many important things in crowd suggest that the newteen cents gold per day. The net common and working a part of comer be killed outright. Others result of Japan's land policy in each year on projects for the said, "No, wait and see what he Korea is that the total indebted- benefit of the whole community. will do." Daure, speaking for ness of the native farmers and They also recognize personal the Motuans, and in their lanagricultural workers to the J ap- ownership of such things as are guage, gave thanks for all the anese land owners and bankers required entirely for personal benefits which had come to the . has reached the enormous sum use. They have a well conducted country, and traced them to the of yen 700,000,000. church and school and are gov- day on which the missionary, at -Korean Student Bulletin. erned by a chief magistrate and the risk of his life, first brought town council. There is equal the Gospel light to Port Moresby. Mission Hospital Burns sufferage for men and women. The celebration included a The Southern Presbyterian They have no use for money but pageant to represent the landing Mission hospital at Chunju, live by what they can produce or Korea, went up in flames Jan- by barter with ships from the of the missionary. Can 0 e s uary 9. The cause of the fire is outside world. unknown. FortuI}ately, all of rushed out to meet the approachthe 31 patients were removed to safety. The x-ray apparatus and ing boat from the ship, the padmost of the surgical instruments were saved. Insurance on the dles thrashed the water to a building and equipment was yen 25,000. This does not cover the Four Churches in Five Years foam, and the air was rent by loss, but it is hoped that gradually the work can be restored. It is front page news when an blood-curdling yells. So realistic Love and sympathy, also gifts of money have been coming in island with only twelve villages was the demonstration that from Koreans all over the country. Patients who have been has four new churches erected in there was a momentary concern treated, cured and have become Christians in the hospital have five years, and that is what hap- for the safety of the landing walked long distances to offer sympathy and condolences. pened on Savage Island, a coral party. -The Chronicle.

-Christian Observer. island in the Samoan group. The Filipinos Want Books ISLANDS OF THE PACIFIC last church built is the largest. E. K. Higdon, Disciples mis- sionary in the Philippines, Pitcairn Islanders Today It represents an immense amount writes the Christian Century that great excitement has been The romance of the transfor- of sacrifice and labor on th'l part caused in Manila by the arrival mation of the godless mutineers of 20,000 used books from Amerof the Bounty, who sought a of people who, a century ago, ica. These have been distributed refuge on the desolate Pitcairn to ministers, Bible women, sem- Island in the South Pacific were fierce savages and mur- inaries, mission high schools, Ocean, has recently been brought churches and libraries throughto public attention by the publi- dered those who attempted to out the archipelago. He says as cation of three volumes which many as 10,000 volumes can be relate their remarkable history. preach the Gospel. In 1849, disposed of every month if Dr. H. L. Shapiro, a anthropolo- American friends will send them. gist connected with the Amer- Paulo, a Christian convert from Communities that wish to ob- serve a book day for the Philip- Samoa, settled on this island and pines may secure suggestions from Miss Florence G. Tyler, 156 began the task of evangelizing Fifth Avenue, New York; the editor of World Call, Missions the village of Mutalau. It was Building, Indianapolis, or Miss Lulu Heacock, 368 N. Marengo on the anniversary of that date Avenue, Pasadena, Calif.

that the great new church was officially opened. Except for the windows, iron roof and cement floor, all the material was pre- pared by the villagers. The church, complete with seats for over 500 people, all made from bush timber, and a beautiful pul- pit, was completed in 135 work- ing days. No appeal was made for assistance from the Mission fund. -The Chronicle.

ican Museum of Natural His- Lawes Memorial, Papua NORTH AMERICA tory, has recently returned from a two weeks' visit to the island. Sixty years ako William Problems of the Present Day He reports that there is now a George Lawes and his wife In Boston, March 17-20, seven record population of 200 men, landed at Port Moresby to start executive officers, representing women and children – descend- the first L. M. S. station on five denominational boards and ents of the nine English sailors Papua. Last November a grey the International Missionary and twelve Tahitian women who obelisk was unveiled by Gov- Council, discussed "The Missionlanded on the island in 1789. He ernor Hubert Murray on the site ary Approach to the World Toreports them as strong, above of that first white home in the day," with laymen, ministers and the average int~lligence, hospi- territory. One speaker, Vagi students of that vicinity. The

seven leaders of the discussions tian observance. Everyone is As students of Princeton Theologwere Dr. Alden H. Clark, Dr. ical Seminary, and as members of the Ralph E. Diffendorfer, Dr. P. H. urged .to remember the neg- band of Student Volunteers, we be- J. Lerrigo, Dr. John A. Mackay, lieve that Jesus Christ is the only lected, ill, old or poverty-stricken Saviour of the world; we realize that mothers just as they would wish Rev. A. B. Parsons, Dr. A. L. to have their own mothers re- it behoved Christ to suffer, and to rise Warnshuis and Dr. Hugh Ver- from the dead the third day: and non White. Some of the ques- membered in such a plight; to that repentance and remission of sins aid in a ministry of comfort and should be preached in His name among tions taken up were: the remak- cheer to all such unfortunate all nations. We adhere to all the docing of China, with its revolution, women, in gracious and loving trines of the' Presbyterian Church. Because of this belief we a.re eager reformation and renaissance; tribute to their own mothers, or to preach the gospel in foreign lands. rural emphasis in all lands; the to the memory of their mothers. However, because of lack of funds, of , demand for self-government; Cooperation of all national the twenty-one who have volunteered nationalistic reactions; Mr. agencies will be sought, includ- from the last two graduating classes and the present senior class, only two Gandhi and the outcasts; the ing men's and women's clubs, men have been sent to the field. Indian Church facing the future churches, schools and local govin India; the possibility of racial ernments. With an increasing conviction of the explosions in Africa; the cost of world's immediate and imperative need of Christ, we appeal to the Church, rubber, cocoa and soap in the Figures That Speak to individuals or local congregations, land being divided by the white According to statistics of the to share with us the responsibility man; independence and eco- Religion and Welfare Recovery resting upon all the followers of nomic needs; the problem of the Committee, during the depres- Christ, to send us out as your repreminorities; the pagan tribes and sentatives to proclaim the message of Moros in the Philippine Islands; sion contributions to the Church salvation. have decreased by nearly $300,- the miracle of modern Turkey; 000,000, while expenditures for "For whosoever shall call upon the "Etatism" and religion, "Etat- armaments during that same pe- name of the Lord shall be saved. ism" and Western influences; riod have increased $100,000,- How then shall they call on him in progress in church union, and 000. For the hundred years pre- whom they have not believed? and the struggle for religious free- ceding the World War contribu- how shall they believe in him of whom dom in Germany. -Advance. they have not heard? and how shall tions to the Church were almost they hear without a preacher? and how shall they preach except they be sent?"

"Preaching Mission" Planned equal to expenditures for war, We the undersigned are willing and and equaled about one half of desirous to go for evangelistic work At a meeting of the Federal federal government expenses. to any field to which the way ,may Council's Department of Evan- Federal emergency expenses are be opened.

gelism, held on January 25, plans now 12 times greater than our Lutheran Workers Meet for the proposed "N at ion a I Preaching Mission" were the decreasing gifts to church and More than 100 executives, sec- retaries, missionaries and friends chief subject of interest. Great rei i g i 0 u s character-building of Lutheran foreign missions enthusiasm for the undertaking -Advance. was manifested, and the feeling agencies. met in the seventeenth annual expressed that it might have far- convention in Milwaukee, Febreaching effects in kindling a Students Take a Stand ruary 19 and 20. The bodies spiritual revival. At least a year, represented were the United perhaps a longer period, is to be The following statement was Lutheran, Norwegian Lutheran, spent in preparation, the "Mis- recently adopted by a group of Lutheran Augustana Synod, Lu- Christian students, who had met theran Free Church, United sion" not being scheduled to be to clarify their ideas on the Danish Lutheran, American Luheld before 1936. No announce- Christian life. theran, National Lutheran Coun- cil, Santal Lutheran Mission and ment has yet been made of those Our purpose is to become an active Lutheran Orient Mission Society. who will be invited to carryon fellowship of men and women who dethe "Mission" in twenty or"more sire to be definitely, personally, rad- The chief fields where mission ically Christian and to join in the en- stations of the Lutheran Church of the major cities of the nation, deavor to make real the life, principles are tobe found today are India, but it was reported that some of and teachings of Jesus among stu- where American, German, Danthe most inspiring personalities dents, especially in relation to indi- vidual lives, to racial, political, eco- ish missions are found and where of other lands will be included. nomic, national, international and the American field in the Madras other aspects of our modern campus -Federal Council Bulletin. and world society, and with resultant loyalty and commitment to Jesus Christ as preeminently the revealer Presidency is the largest in the Spiritualize Mother's Day of the character of God and the an- _ world " China, where there are Charles V. Vickrey, President swer to the needs of the world. stations maintained by Amer-'

of the Golden Rule Foundation, Princeton Students Appeal ican, Canadian, Swedish, Danish, has inaugurated a Mother's Day Norwegian and Finnish societies program with the idea of getting A group of fourteen Princeton and where there has been organaway from the commercial con- students have appealed for op- ized "The Lutheran Church in cept of the day, and of making portunity to preach the Gospel China"; Africa, where most of it a spiritual and broadly Chris- in any field that may open. the fields are in the Union of

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

South Africa; Japan, where the Church Extension in Colorado tator Cabrera dug in for his com- American Church and the Fin- bination fort and palace, and nish Church are at work; . and Craig Colorado, could qualify from which he shelled his capin Madagascar, New Gumea, as the 'celebrated "jumping-off ital there is taking place a re- Netherlands Indies and Persia. ma;kable evangelistic movement The total annual expenditures place," as it is at the e!ld of the that had its origin in the zeal of are $1,258,070. . Evangeli~tic, line of railroad whIch runs native brethren. That ward is educational, vocational, ~grlCul­ through the famous Moffat tu~­ quite populous and for some time tural and medical work IS done nel. Revi J. N. Bridges. went dIin nearly every field. There are rectly from the semmary to there has been some spontaneous twenty-one hospitals in the vari- work going on, helped occasiopous fields. The personnel figures serve the Congregational.Church ally by lay workers of the mISfor the work done by the Amer- iicnesCrtoaig~nyandcomofmfeurendityhISfarstehrevrican portion of the Church sho~ west which desired them. As a sions. Lately it has burst into 558 missionaries and theIr result, several preaching places real life. wives, and 5,037 native members were opened, scatter~d over of the station staffs. Moffat County. After nme years In one home a baby had died of friendly cooperation, the peo- and the customary wake was go- An outstanding paper was ing on when a group of evanpresented at the convention by ple asked to be organized as the gelical neighbors entered extendmissionary Andrew Burgess, of "Great Divide Church." They Madagascar, showing "~.o w began with a charter member- ing their condolences an? com- Present-Day World QondItIo!ls ship of 53 scattered o~er 100 forting the mourners WIth the Are Affecting ForeIgn MIS- square miles, repr~sentmg the promises and assurance that the sions." Disciples, MethodIst, Presb~­ little one was in the arms of terian Baptist and CatholIc Jesus not in an imaginary lim- Fight Against Lynching churches, about a third of whom bus. 'When the evangelicals en- are young people. The. church Forty organ.iz.ations repr~s~nt­ meets in a grange hall thIrty-five tered the glasses and decanters ing racial, polItical and relIgIOUS miles from the pastor's home and had been hustled out of sight out groups recently ~ponsor~d a the railway. The pastor con- of respect for their known dry mass-meeting in PhIladelphIa for ducts preaching services, but principles, and later pleased the purpose of. educating .the with their comforting thoughts, public to the perIls o~ lynchmg, other activities:-Sunday school, and to arouse mteres~ m the C.os- Young Peoples' Society, ~usiness the parents requested them to .retigan – Wagner Anti – Lynchmg administration, poor relIef, etc. main and help bury the chIld. Bill soon pending in Congress. -are directed by the people. In brief the result of it all was that the' whole large family be- -Missionary Herald. came evangelical and started· such a movement in the vicinity that the work has taken on a With the hope that the spirit of LATIN AMERICA new spirit, and a regular conthis meeting may be furthered, gregation of around 60 now a call is issued to the citizenry .of A Word from Monterey meets there for worship three America urging them to enlIst times a week besides irregular The principal of Colegio I:r~.ter­ meetings. It is a large and themselves in this movement. nacional, Monterey, M e x I c 0, hungry field. writes that school work has been For further information inquiry maintained so far witho~t int~r­ ~E. M. Haymaker. may be made to He~en R. Br~an, ruption, in spite of trymg CIr- Cooperative CommIttee Agamst cumstances. He says: Probationary Membership Lynching, 20 S. 12th Street, Our church (Baptist) has been pos- The Evangelical Church of Philadelphia. sessed by the spirit of revival and Caracas, Venezuela, now re- -Christian Century.

Buddhism in Denver evangelism. We hl!-ve hl!-d wonderful quires a year's probation f.or spiritual services wI~h brImful attend- candidates for membershIp. Denver, Colorado, has a Bud- ance in every meetmg. I have .b~en During this period, the prospecdhist temple, in a very obscure accompanying the pastor on the vISIta- tive member studies, and takes location, where a priest officiat~s tions every Friday afternoon. We two examinations before the sesand regular Sunday school IS have specially visited those bret~ren sion; and besides, his daily life held for about 30 children. The who had quit coming to the serVIces. and habits are watched and, priest also officiates in outlying We prayed with them and persuaded where he fails, he is helped into towns where Japanese are found. the good life by his friends in the Christian work is also carried them to come back to ch:urch. At the church. on among these people. A recent conference of young Japanese, same time we could notIce the lowest -Presbyterian Tribune. held in the city of Denver for grade of poverty that has befallen Christian fellowship and study, some of our fellow-ci~izens. :rhe On the Firing Line • resignation to suffer th.eI.r precan~us situation moved our spIrIt.of chanty to aid them with all our mIght.

-Watchman-Examiner.

was attended by 125 young I?eo- Signs in Guatemala City Dr. Hay, worker for the MispIe from Colorado, Wyommg, sion to Lepers in Uruguay, ~as Nebraska and New Mexico. Not far from the district worn out two horses makmg -Presbyterian Banner. known as "La Palma" where dic- daily trips from the leper colony

to his home in Sapucai, some six teachings written in a popular way Against Nazi Paganism miles. He is brown from the that will appeal to the intellectuals heat. Leaving for the colony at who are not interested in theological Fifty thousand working-class daybreak and returning at dusk, niceties. The Roman Church is turn- people from the Saar and the he finds people awaiting him in ing out such books, and they are being Ruhr assembled at Cologne in a Sapucai who have come from all read far and wide. To them is due driving snowstorm January 22 over Paraguay, and some from in considerable part the turn toward to help launch the Catholic as far as Buenos Aires, a thou- that faith. Church's newest drive against sand miles away. He is doing the neo-pagan movement. The what has often been attempted Jewish Oonverts in Hungary thousands who could not jam here, but never accomplished- their way into Cologne'S famous getting a leper colony started The Budapest Presbytery of cathedral stood outside in the without a furore from th~ Cath- the Reformed Church in Hun- snow to listen through loud- olic Church. He is awakening gary in December unanimously speakers, while church leaders interest in lepers on every hand, passed recommendations t hat assailed those seeking to undertreating patients from some of will result in a uniform method mine the Church and faith in the the most distinguished families, for all churches in Budapest in divinity of Christ. Although down to the humblest peon. In dealing with Jewish applicant'" Alfred Rosenberg, Nazi philohis own town of Sapucai, where for baptism. In the past, dif- sophical dictator and head of the his life was threatened, and ferent conditions were required German faith movement, was where he was menaced with be- by different pastors or churches, not mentioned by name, one of ing jailed for bringing the and applicants sought out those the speakers said: lepers there, he now has a sub- where the path to baptism was commission formed of the most easiest. This resulted in certain Today we find forces at work to prominent women, who have abuses. Now in view of the undermine the whole of Christ's hishelped prepare the Christmas above recommendations, all Jew- torical life, nay, to dissolve it finally program for the lepers, and have ish applicants for baptism in into nothing more than a myth. Whoasked to be allowed to go to the Budapest will be put on a six ever robs Christ of His divine nature colony to witness the fiesta. months' probationary period, robs mankind of human dignity. during which catechetical in- Ohurch for Leper Town struction will be given, and evi- During recent weeks many dence must be shown that the Catholic church organs have The government of Brazil has applicant has had a sincere re- published open or veiled attacks 'isolated about 4,000 of Sao ligious experience. The Buda- on Dr. Rosenberg and his teach- Paulo's 8,000 lepers, and built pest Presbytery hopes i!s a~tion ings, and the Cologne Dioce~e several whole towns populated will be adopted and applIed III all has published refutations of hIS entirely by lepers; with del}tists, Reformed Churches in Hungary. assault on church doctrine. Such a precedent would help to -New York Times.

police, workers and professIOnals secure similar action elsewhere German Faith Movement of many other kinds, drawn from where there is similar laxity and among the patients. One such abuse. Friends of Europe, a publicatown of 1,100 people asks for a -International Missionary tion giving a survey of German periodicals, quotes the twenty- Protestant Church, to cos t Council. five theses of the German-Nordic $1,500.

EUROPE Growth of Waldensians Faith Movement. A few of these Intellectuals Turn to Religion There are many Waldensian give the trend of the movement: The Living Church states that churches in Italy. Rev. Guido Thesis 11: Man is not God. But the intellectuals in England are turning to religion in large num- Comba, who. preaches regularly he is the place in which God is bor!!. bers and that the Roman Church God comes into being and grows In and 'the Anglo-Catholics are the in the beautiful church near the man. If God does not come in man, chief beneficiaries of the move- he never comes. ~herefore the Germent. Rev. Humphrey Beevor Vatican in Rome, says that the man Religion represents the supreme recently said to a group of religion of belief in Man. clergy: violent anticlerical spirit is not The young men of old church fa!ll- nearly as much in evidence as it ilies whose parents lost all touch WIth religion are eagerly looking into the was a generation ago. Even Thesis 15: The ethics of the Gerteachings of Christianity at Oxford these days. But they have to be priests are reading the New man Religion denounce all belief. in taught the rudi~e!lts. At. home t~ey received no traInIng or InstructIon. Testament. Nominal Catholics inherited stihn~rays well as the JewIsh- What the Church needs most of all is Christian of the inherent sinan output of books on her history and have not the same fear as for- fulness of the world and of man. Such merly of being found in a Prot- a theory is not onlv un-German but estant place of worship. Italy immoral and nonreligious. Those who now has about 100,000 Protes- preach it endanger the morals of the tants and four-fifths of the funds people.

for home mission work comes Thesis 16: Those who fo·rgive s~ns sanction sins. The forgiveness of SInS from Waldensian church mem- undermines religious ethics and de- bers. -The Christian. stroys the morals of the people.

Books ~bt 1king'1) 1Jju1)int1)1

Robert Laws of Livingstonia. James published by Johnston. 2s. 26 pp. Pickering & Inglis. Glasgow. BIBLE INSTITUTE OF LOS ANGELES George Muller – The Man of Faith. A monthly Bible Family Magazine with something in it Frederick G. Warne. 2s. 240 pp. for every member of the family circle Pickering & Inglis. Glasgow. I ssUED for twenty-five years without interruption. THE KING'S BUSI- Women Under the Southern Cross. NESS has consistently represented the best thought of the funda- Margaret Ross Miller. 208 pp. 50 mental Christian churches of the nation. In addition to its cents, paper; $1.00, cloth. Central interesting contributions by leading teachers, evangelists and pastors, Committee for the United Study of it prints every month several valuable departments, including: An Foreign Missions. Boston. International Lesson Commentary, Notes on Christian Endeavor, Daily Devotional Readings, Girls' Query Corner, Junior King's Business, and God's Soldier: General William Helps for Preachers and Teachers. Trial subscriptions (3 months) 25c; Booth. 2 vols. St. John Irvine. Annual subscriptions $1.50. The following premiums are at present 616 and 619 pp. Heinemann. Lon· available free with annual subscriptions: a teacher's Bible, it copy of don. 36s lamison'S Bible Chart, or a copy of Objects that Talk and Teach, con- taining 52 new and interesting object lessons. The supply of each of The Life and Letters of the Rev. R. these premiums is limited, so order at once. P. MacKay, D.D.: A Record of Faith, Friendship and Good Cheer. Address: Andrew Thomson. Illus. 195 pp. Ryerson Press. Toronto. 558 South Hope Street Los Angeles, California The Mongols of Manchuria. Owen Lattimore. Maps. 311 pp. 8s. 6d. Allen & Unwin. London.

Forward in Western China. E. L Stewart. Map. 77 pp. Is. Church Missionary Society. London.

Lawrence of Lucknow, 1806-1857. J. L. Morrison. Illus. Map. 348 pp. 15s. Bell. London.

Obituary Notes his work in the Union Training School Lawrenceville, Va., on the campus of at Ahmednagar where they have the St. Paul Normal and Industrial Mrs. Adelaide B. Fairbank Wright, worked together ever since in this School, of which he was the founder wife of Rev. Horace K. Wright, and interdenominational school for the and principal emeritus. He was 77 daughter of Rev. Edward Fairbank, training of Indian young people for years old. His son, the Rev. James D.D., and Mrs. Fairbank, Vadala Mis- Christian leadership among the rural Alvin Russell, is now principal of the sion, India, died at Vengurla, India, population of the great Bombay school. on February 7, 1935. Mrs. Wright Presidency. was born in Mahablesawar, India, Dr. Russell was born of slave pargraduated from Mt. Holyoke College *** ents, Solomon and Araminta Russell, and Hartford Seminary, and went to on the Henrick estate at Palmer's India under the Presbyterian Church, Rev. Archibald Forder, a native of Springs, Mecklenburg' County, Va. He U. S. A. In 1919 she married Rev. attended rural schools and then went Horace K. Wright and joined him in Salisbury, England, who had lahored to Hampton Institute where he wit- many years among the Arabs of Pales- nessed the graduation of Booker T. Word Studies tine, died in November at the age of Washington, Jater princi]Jal of the 69. During the '"Val', ~11·. FOl'der was Tuskegc(' Institute. in the imprisoned at Damascus until the Armistice. He was the author of a In 1888 he started St. Paul's School Old Testament book on the Arabs and one on "Petra, in a three-room building, with his wife Perea, Phcenicia," a description of and one other helping him to teach ;C'1Y' C'lil'1l-n'M "1:"" Y'¥ '.l) "1On IV:' areas little visited. less than a dozen pupils. Now there are more than 700. In 1928 the Har- ISAIAH 40: 8 *** mon Foundation awarded him the Harmon medal for useful achievement A Hebrew·Christian·s masterly interpre- Miss Clara A. Converse, mission- and leadership of his race. tation of the hidden mysteries and beau- ary in Japan for the Woman's Bap- ties of the Old Testament Scriptures. A tist Foreign Mission Society, died onco! uled, ),ou 'IJIDU/J ntH'r be 'Without ;1. remarkable work that will fascinate and January 24 in Yokohama. She was prove of untold yal ue to every reader principal of the Soshin J 0 Gakko for fEATURES: Introduction. by Professor George Shaw B.O of the Bible. over 30 years, during which time 600 graduates went out to become Chris- The Lmon YeT$e by Veru, by Rev, Da·id J. fant, Jr Read what one well-known educator tian mothers, teachers and social and pastor has to say: workers. Miss Converse was instru- Lmom from the Lmon, by Rev Ira E. David, Ph.D mental in starting kindergartens in "I heartily commend "Word Studies" by Yokohama, before she retired in 1926. Side Lights on the LeHon, Selected from Many Authors Mr. B. A. M. Schapiro. I have known him Th~ Beginnm' Class, by Eleanor M, Jones and for sixteen years, recognize his profound He· *** braic scholarship. his masterly use of Enl(lish Martha L. Fesmire. and his thorough acquaintance with the Gas- The Rev. Dr. Frank Lincoln Moore, The Primary Class, by Stella M. Rudv pe! message. Mr. Schapiro discovers and re- Secretary of Home Missions for the leases from the Hebrew words in the Old Congregational Church in the terri- The Junior Crall, by Addie Marie French. Testament untold and unexpected riches." tory west of the Mississippi, died in SIlggt'stions for Ihe Superintendent. by Rev. F L. Squires Chicago on March 28 at 69 years of Two volumes of "Word Studies" published. Send only 10e in i for current iS$ul'. Price, Jifty cents per volume. age. Please do not send stamps. *** B. A. M. SCHAPIRO 678 Bible House, Astor Place, New York City The Rev. Dr. James Solomon Rus- sell, one of the leading Negro educa- tors of the United States and the first member of his race elected a Bishop of the Protestant Episcopal Church, died on March 28 at his home in

Day ofthe CoveredWagon Has

But not the day of Home Missions. Read our June (1935) Special Number An Unusual Series oj Articles and Authors HOME MISSIONS-OLD AND NEW …. , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . MARK A. DAWBER THE OLD AND NEW FRONTIERS ………………… HERMANN N. MORSE CHRISTIANIZING THE SOCIAL PROGRAM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PAUL D. EDDY ADVENTURES IN CHRISTIAN RECONSTRUCTION . . . . . . . JOHN M. HESTENES SOME MODERN "ISM" IN AMERICA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . G. GLENN ATKINS THE CHURCH AND THE RURAL PROBLEM ………….. RALPH A. FELTON NEW AMERICANS AND THEIR CHILDREN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . W. G. SCHAEFFER THE AMERICAN YOUTH FOR CHRIST .. , …………… ROY W. BURKHART THE CHURCH AND THE UNEMPLOYED ……………EDGAR M. WAHLBERG OUR NEGLECT OF THE JUVENILE CRIMINAL. ., ……… H. N. DICKERSON THE NEW DAY AND THE OLD GOSPEL. …………. , ….. HUGH T. KERR BEST BOOKS ON HOME MISSIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . MABEL SHEIBLEY Ten Other Articles Oil Vital TopicJ–Maps and illust1'ations Order Your Copies NOW·-·For Study Circles and Conferences 25 Cents a Copy $2.50 a Year THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD ROBERT E. SPEER, President DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Editor Send Your Order to MISSIONARY REVIEW PUBLISHING CO., INC., Third and Reily Streets, Harrisburg, Pa.

r—·—- .——.—-) CUTS FOR SALE I AGENTS WANTED Excellent halftone plates and line cuts (undam- THE MISSIONARY REVIEW aged) used in THE MISSIONARY REVIEW can be sold in quantities to during the past two years. every Missionary Society. It fur- nishes information in brief, in- For sale at one-third the cost. These are val- teresting form for leaders and uable for local or denominational papers. Vivid discussion groups. Why not act pictures of life all over the world. as our Agent in yo"ur church or community? You can advance American Highlands the cause of Foreign Missions, American Indians and at the same time can earn Africans—Heathen and Christian China—Old and New A Liberal Commission Japan and Korea India's Idols and Christians • Results in Moslem Lands Savages and Saints Address-·-Circulation Manager The PacifiC Islanders The Missionary Review of the World • I Third and Reily Streets c§end to Harrisburg, Pa. I~- The Missionary Review of the World Third and Reily Streets Harrisburg, Pa.

The Missionary Review of the World — March 1935

MARCH,1935

Two Young Missionary Martyrs Editorial Why I Am Returning to China Beatrice Scott Stevenson Tshekedi……Chief of the Bamangwato A. M. Chirgwin Christianity and the World Today Herbert H. Farmer Twelve Years of the Turkish Republic J. Kingsley Birge Fifty Years of Cooperation in Chosen c. A. Clark 25 Cents a Copy $2.50 a Year

Weigle to study all grades

WINONA LAKE SCHOOL OF THEOLOGY training schools, Bible Schools and WINONA LAKE, INDIANA methods of training voluntary work- ers. -;- ;~ * Evangelical Scholarly Interdenominational Bishop Herbert Welch of Shanghai Courses Almost a score of stutes (besides foreign coun- was one of foul' Methodists to whom English Bible, (J eremiah), Biblical tries) and an equal number of denominations were awarded gold medals by the re- Archffiology, Christian Ethil's, Mod- represented each year, ern Cults, Christian Evidences, cent General Conference of the Korean Hymnology, Biblical Messianism, AdrninistraUol! .' Dr. W. E. BiedlTwolf, Presi- Church. Greek New Testament, Barthian- dent; Dr. J. A. HulTman, Dean. ism, *** Faculty.' Dr. .1. A. Huffman, J )1'. tiamucl ,1. Two Ue'mesters oj 15 days each.. Zwemer, Dr. Harold Paul Sloan. Dr. Leslie Ray The Rt. Rev. Dr. M. T. M. Hard- July 9 to August 11, Work lead- ~Iurstoll, Prof. RoIlin Pease. j )1'. Howard T. ing, Bishop of Qu'Appelle, has been ing to regular Theological Degrees, Kuist, Prof. Mable McQueen Weir. For 11Tin'isfersJ Teachers, JUs8ion- elected Archbishop of the diocese of aries and Laymen, Send for l~-page Pl'osvectu:-; at once to Rupert's Land, and Metropolitan of DR. J. A. HUFFMAN, Dean the province of Rupert's Land. He Marion, Indiana succeeds the late Archbishop Stringer who died October 31.

Dates to Remember Personal Items *** March 1·2-Christian Youth Confer- Dr. John R. Mott, and Mrs. Mott, Rev. Frank P. Parkin, D.D., Secre- ence of Pacific Northwest, Interde- sailed from San Francisco on Febru- nominational, Seattle, Washington. ary 22d to spend a month in Japan tary of the Atlantic Agency of the and Korea, a month in China, and a March B-World Day of Prayer. shorter time in the Philippines. They Pennsylvania Bible Society, has re- expect to be back in America June 5th. signed after 17 years of active service. March B·lO-Youth Conference under The object of this trip is to further the Auspices of the Greater New service of the International Mission- ;~ * * York Federation of Churches, River- ary Council by conferences with the side Church, New York. various National Christian Councils. Dr. Charles E. Maddry, Executive May 2·5 – Young Men's Missionary * * :;:- Secretary of the Foreign Mission Congress under the auspices of the Laymen's Missionary Movement, Dr. Ivan Lee Holt, newly-elected Board of the Southern Baptist Con- Chicago. President of the Fedel'al Council of vention, and Mrs. Maddry, with Dr. Churches, has sailed for China to fill J. B. Weatherspoon, of the Southern May 2l-23-National Council of Fed- a three-weeks' visiting pastorate in erated Church Women. Annual the Community Church of Shanghai. Baptist Theological Seminary of Meeting. Rochester, N. Y. He expects also to visit Australia, and Louisville, Ky., are spending seven Japan. May 26-Rural Life Sunday. months in the Orient to make a de- *** If you use tailed study of Southern Baptist work Dr. Robert P. Wilder, recently sec- in Japan and China. Dr. and Mrs. PRINTING l'etary of the Near East Christian Council, has sailed for England to Maddry plan to return to the United YOU will profit from an ac- spend some months among the British States in July in time to be at Ridge- quaintanceship with us. We University students, holding meetings crest, N. C., for Foreign Mission do the job complete in our own under the auspices of the "Inter-Var- plant, whether it be large or sity Fellowship." Week, August 11-1R. small. * * :i;. * oj; While our specialty is Books, Maga;zines and Pamphlets, yet David R. Porter, who has been act- Archdeacon Briggs of Ugogo, Tan- we have a variety of modern ing-headmaster of Mount Hermon equipment to meet all the re- School, Mount Hermon, Mass" since ganyika, has received the "Order of quirements of your particular the tragic death of Headmaster Elliott the British Empire" award. He has job. You will find our service Speer last September, has been elected prompt, careful and courteous. Headmaster. He was born in Old been working in East Africa for the Town, Maine, in 1882. After gradu- Church Missionary Society for more Will you allow us to estimate ating at Bowdoin he was a Rhodes on your next printing? We be- Scholar at Oxford. Since then he has than forty years. lieve you will be delighted with worked among students as a Y. M. our product, price and service. C. A. secretary. He is the author of * ~; The Church in the Unive1'sities. The EVANGELICAL PRESS Dr. G. O. Teichmann, a Baptist *** missionary and senior doctor of the Printers of Chandraghona Hospital, Bengal, has Dr. Frank C. Laubach, an American The Missionary Review of the World Board missionary in the Philippines, received the Kaiser-i-Hind Gold Med- is returning to America this summer PLANT AND MAIN OFFICE on furlough by way of India, Egypt, al. Third and Reily Streets Harrisburg, Po. Syria, Turkey, Spain and Portugal. He is spending three or four months *' in India studying the situation and attempting to help adapt his teaching Dr. A. J. Hunter, who is doing vali- method to the Indian languages. ant work as a medical missionary *** among the homesteaders in the pioneer Dr. Luther A. Weigle, of Yale, has settlements of Manitoba, has been gone to China for six months of in- tensive service in connection with the awarded the M. B. E. medal by King World S. S. Association. The National George V. Committee for Christian Religious Education in China is anxious to have *** made a study of the problems of train- ing for church leaders and has asked Dr. H. J. H. Cox, of the Church Missionary Society, who has charge of the Peshawar, hospital, Northwest Frontier, has received the Kaiser-i- Hind Gold Medal. Mrs. Starr (now Mrs. Underhill) was matron of this hospital when she rescued Miss Mollie Ellis from Afghan brigands. The great grandfather of Dr. Cox was the first white missionary to preach in Bangalore, India.

* * ;(.

Rev. A. C. Pelly, has recently re- turned to England from India where he has been principal of St. Andrew's College, Gorakhpur, since 1916. He has received the Kaiser-i-Hind Gold Medal. * :j: 'i: Dr. Dandeson C. Crowther, Arch- deacon of the Niger Diocese, has re- ceived the "Order of the British Em- (Concluded on page 97.)

MISSIONARY "THE MISSIONARY REVIEW fills a

REVIEW OF THE WORLD need which is not being met by- any other printed page in America. May DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Editor it continue for many years."

VOL. LVIII MAR., 1935 No.3 AMELIA D. KEMP, Executive Secretary, Women's Publication and Business Office– Third and Reily Sts., Harrisburg, Pa. Missionary Society, United Lutheran Church. Editorial and Executive Office– 156 Fifth Avenue, New York City. *** Entered as second-class matter at Plans are being made for the spe- Post Office, Harrisburg, Pa., under cial mission study topic numbers of Act of March 3, 1879. THE REVIEW for the coming year (1935-36) . The Home Mission topic 25 cents a copy-$2.50 a year. will be "Winning America for Christ" Foreign Postage, 50 cents a year. -to appear in June. The Foreign Published monthly, except August. Mission topic is "The Gospel in Latin All rights reserved. Copyrighted 1935. America"-to appear in October. British agents – Marshall, Morgan and Scott, 12 Paternoster Buildings, DO NOT MISS THEM. London, E. C. 1 shilling per copy, 10 shillings a year. *** MISSIONARY REVIEW PUB- Our good friend, Dr. Frederick G. LISHING CO., INC. Coan, formerly of Persia, writes as follows to correct a slight misstate- BOARD OF DIRECTORS ment in the story of the Life of Dr. ROBERT E. SPEER, President Sa'eed Khan which appeared in our WM. I. CHAMBERLAIN, Vice-President January issue. Dr. Coan says: ,VALTER McDOUGALL, Treasurer DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Secretary "I have known Dr. Sa'eed for many SAMUEL MCCREA CAVERT years . . . When he went to Hamadan MRS. ORRIN R. JUDD he was never obliged to work as a stable boy. This is the most menial WM. B. LIPPHAIW position a man can take … Mr. J. W. Hawkes, of the Persia Mission, had a ERIC M. NORmI great deal to do with Dr. Sa'eed after JESSE R. WILSON he reached Hamadan . . . He is the greatest Kurd in history and a very A. L. W AlL'ISHUIS great power for God in Persia today." SAMUEL M. ZWEMER Editorial Chat The annual meeting of THE REVIEW Personal Items SPEEDWAY TO ORIENT was held on F<:!bruary 15th at 156 Fifth Avenue, New York, at 3 p. m. (Concluded from second cover.) YOKOHAMA IN 10 DAYS •. . fastest, shortest Pacific crossing .•. by the Dr. Robert E. Speer presided and pire." He is an African, son of the sister-ships Empress of Asia or there were present a number of first native Anglican Bishop in Afri- Empress of Russia. Or via Honofriends of the REVIEW, including a ca. Although past 90 years of age, he lulu in 3 days more on the Empress quorum of the Directors and Stock- is still an active and enthusiastic holders (in' person or by proxy). The worker. The honorary degree of D.D. of I apan (largest, fastest liner on Treasurer presented his annual re- was conferred on him by the Archport for the year 1934 showing the bishop of Canterbury (Dr. Davidson) the Pacific) or the Empress of operating income $5.00 in excess of fifteen years ago. Canada. expenses, which have been reduced to ~EDUCED ROUND·TRIP FARES … luxa minimum. The Secretary presented *** urious First Class, excellent Tourhis report, revealing some problems ist Class. Also, 10w-costThirdClass. and encouragements met in editing Cannon Pyfrom, Curate in charge FREQUENT SAILINGS ••• from Vanthe REVIEW. An inspiring annual ad- of St. Paul's Church, Bahamas, a na- couver (trains to ship-side) and dress on some world conditions was tive missionary to his own people, has Victoria. Orient fares include pasdelivered by the President; sugges- received the M. B. E. award. sage to and from Seattle. California tions and messages of cheer were sailings connect witlr "Empresses" brought bv Mr. D. J. Fant of the *** at Honolulu. Orient ports-oE-calI: Evangelical Press, Mrs. Charles F. Yokohama, Kobe, Nagasaki, Shang- Wray of Rochester, Dr. Arthur J. Frances Hatton Eva Hasell, Hon- hai, Hong Kong, Manila. Brown, Dr. Courtenay H. Fenn and orary Organizer of Caravan Work in • Also • •• low-cost World Tours. Wm. M. Danner. Miss J. H. Righter Western Canada, was awarded the BOO K LETS, information ••• from presented the report of the Nominat- M. B. E. in ·the .King of England's YOUR OWN AGENT, or any Canaing Committee and the directors were New Year Honours List. A story of dian Pacific office: New York, Chiunanimously re-elected for the ensu- courage and adventure lies behind this cago, San Francisco, and 34 other ing year. Mr. Jesse R. Wilson, Sec- award. Miss Hasell, after doing Sun- cities in tlre United States and retary of the Student Volunteer Move- day School work in England for a Canada. ment was elected a Director in place time, decided to start the Sunday of Dr. Milton Stauffer, resigned. Miss School habit in the remoter parts of Constance Brandon, American Secre- Western Canada. Fifteen years ago tary of "The World Dominion Move- she bought a motor caravan and spent ment," led in the closing prayer. a summer with another woman, trav- eling among the isolated communities. *** Wherever she found children without religious privileges, she held a Sunday Among the recent encouraging School class, and then she persuaded words from readers of THE REVIEW someone in the community to carryon are the following: the work, left books for their guid- ance, and went on to the next place. "I save the REVIEWS for a year to Wherever she went she also enrolled use in our programs and find it one new members of the "Sunday School of the most valuable sources of infor- by Post Movement." mation we have." Now Miss Hasell has 17 caravans, MRS. DANIEL E. MILLER. and each is "manned" by two women Fargo, N. D. (a chauffeur and a teacher). When the road is too bad for driving, they walk or borrow a horse from a farmer.

[97 ]

courtesy of OMna's Millions. Copyrighted by Keystone Views

HELEN PRISCILLA STAM – "THE MIRACLE BABY" ELIZABETH SCOTT STAM AND JOHN C. STAM, who were killed by Communists in Southern Anhwei, December 8, The three months' old daughter of Mr. and Mrs. John C. Starn was left for 30 hours In an abandoned Chinese house, until 1934. Photograph taken at the time of their marriage, found by Mr. Lo and taken to Wuhu. October 25, 1933.

Copyrighted by tlw Keystone Views 00. HELEN PRISCILLA STAM, CARRIED IN A BASKET FROM. MIAOSHEO TO SHAN CHENG Mr. Lo, a Chinese Christian, with his wife and child, and a Chinese coolie who carried the orphaned baby about 100 miles from Miao- sheo to Wuhu. They traveled on foot for the first 75 miles, and the remainder by railway train. From left to right those in the picture are: Mr. Lo, the Christian colporteur; Charlotte Haia; the coolie, who carried the baskets; Mrs. La; Rev. George Birch, of the C. I. M., and Dr. Robert E. Brown, of the Mission Hospital, Wuhu. Helen Priscilla and Mrs. Lo's four-year-old Chinese baby occupy the two rice baskets. REVIB ORLD VOLUME LVIII AN INTERDENOMINATIONAL REVIEW OF WORLD-WIDE CHRISTIAN PROGRESS NUMBER THREE MARCH,1935 Topics of the Times HOME MISSIONS NOT OUT OF DATE or by a division of territory; to the evangelization of those who have never yet had any adequate op- It requires no argument to prove that the peo- portunity to know Christ and the power of His pIe of the United States owe many and great bless- Gospel- these include many unevangelized Inings to the home mission enterprise which has dians, some Eskimos, the Jews, Mormons and been carried on for three centuries by devoted Orientals; the underprivileged in the Southern Christians. It was they who, as the early settlers, mountains and in other impoverished areas. won the friendship of suspicious and hostile Indians and led many of them to Christ. They The home mission problems before the Church helped to build up and maintain the morale of the today have to do with the evangelization of the pioneers as they pushed into the interior; they godless rich and the unchurched masses in our were instrumental in establishing the schools and cities and rural districts; the more adequate colleges for the training of the youth; they helped Christian training of youth; the rescue of multito make the laws of the land; they established and tudes of boy and girl tramps and the migrant kept alive churches and Sunday schools for re- workers of America; the reaching of criminal ligious instruction, for the worship of God and classes; the more effective presentation of Christ service to man; they welcomed and helped to to atheists, agnostics, and materialists who are assimilate the newcomers from Europe and Asia seeking to destroy Christian institutions and and Mexico. They have been leaders in promoting ideals. The Christ of the New Testament must righteousness and the spirit of brotherhood; they be lifted up in such a way as to draw those who have done an incalculable service in giving the have been following ignorantly a false and caricaolder, more wealthy and established churches tured Christ, or none at all. There is still need an inspiring, unselfish and Christlike objective to evangelize and revivify some of the churches through the home mission enterprise. by the Spirit of God, not by organized human effort. Perhaps the largest and most difficult But with the development of the country the problem before the Church is how to bring indusopportunities and the problems of the work have trial and political activities, social and domestic changed. Today there are not the same vast pio- life, education and the press, under the sway of neering projects in unchurched territory; there Christ and in harmony with His ideals-that is a is not the great need for new independent educa- task that calls for the union of human service tional institutions; multitudes of new and unas- under Divine leadership and power. similated Americans are not now flocking to our shores. But there are still challenging problems But there are in America many reasons for enthat face us today in the task of giving everyone couragement. The signs of God's working are not in America an opportunity to learn of Christ and lacking though our knowledge of them is limited. to apply His teachings to every phase of life. Some Many thousands of churches from coast to coast of these problems and a few of the cheering en- stand true to Christ and are being widely used in couragements were presented in our February winning men and in training and enlisting them number by home mission executives. Other prob- in His service. Most of the Protestant denominalems will occur to many. These relate to the tions report an increase over last year. In every strengthening of existing churches rather than to city Gospel missions, street meetings, prison, home their multiplication; to the elimination of rivalry and hospital visitors-unknown to the world but and duplication by church union and cooperation, known to God-are sacrificially and effectively carrying on the work of Christ. In the midst of [99 ]

the flood of pernicious literature, of indecent films the anti-religious atmosphere of Soviet Russia. and plays, of objectionable radio programs, there Arthur von der Thur, in the Allgemeine Evanare thousands of uplifting, spiritual books and gelisches (Lutheran) Kirchenzeitung reports that radio Gospel messages. The Bible is still by far there is an abating of the denial of God and an the best seller and the Pocket Testament League increase in belief in a Supreme Being. These reand School Bag Gospel League are leading many ports are not based on hearsay of visitors to Russia thousands to accept Christ and read the Bible for but on the statements found in atheistic Russian spiritual light and strength. papers. Several leading anti-religious periodicals have suspended publication for lack of support. It is encouraging that reports of evil deeds are The Bezbozhnik shows evidence of lack of support still regarded as news. Unheralded good deeds, and acknowledges that atheism is not having a normal Christian home life and spiritual activity clear field. in the churches often pass unnoticed because they are not news. There is ample encouragement to The local committee of the Communist party of faith and victory is assured but there are enough the city of Gorky (formerly known as Nizhni Novserious problems to engage all the powers of mind, gorod) and of Molokoff, calls the attention to the body and spirit of the Christian forces in America. necessity of strengthening their anti-religious We must advance on our knees with the realiza- work, not only in the region about Gorky, but in tion that the solution of home mission and other all lands and free states of the U. S. S. R. "The problems depends not on man but on God who success of the first Five Year Plan and the fact condescends to work through man. that the U. S. S. R. has entered the period of an attained socialization, tempts many comrades to RELIGION NOT DEAD IN RUSSIA believe that the anti-religious propaganda has be- come a matter of the third rank. That is a false Christmas was celebrated by large crowds of idea, which in practice leads to an underestimate worshippers in Russia last year, according to a of the fight against religion and to a discharge of correspondent of the New York Times. There is anti-religious propaganda, i. e. to a weakening of plenty of evidence that religion is not dead and the fight against Kulaks and sectarians." will never die in Russia. Some forms of religion may die and the State and individuals may be As to the positive growth of religion, this is without signs of spiritual life. Religion is the noticeable both in the evangelical sects and in the cultivation of a relationship between man and the old Orthodox Church. Christian colporteurs are power of the unseen world, and may be expressed carrying religious literature and their activity in many forms-good and evil. It may be based makes it possible for pastoral letters to reach such either on fancy or on reality. Mankind as a whole of the population as are not in touch with is apparently incurably religious, as history has churches. In many instances priests succeed in beshown. Persecution cannot stifHe religion though coming members of the communistic Kolkhozes materialism may suppress its expression. But and preach and teach within them. Beside the there are so many mysterious phenomena in the anti-religious Kolkhozes there are pure Christian world that men are constantly seeking an explana- collectives. The missionary activity which has tion in the realm of the superhuman. been begun in many places bids fair to become very effective. If religion cannot be annihilated in Russia much less can Christian faith and life be exterminated. Not only do the elders abide by the Christian It may be banned by the State but Christ cannot faith but the younger generation shows a desire be uprooted from hearts where He has already to deny the atheistic views of the leaders. While formed a home. We have His word for that and the Orthodox Church has lost much of its former His Church is immortal. Even the simple unen- influence, the Protestant sects, especially the Baplightened form of Christianity found among the tists and Adventists, are finding a favorable soil. Russian peasants has too much vitality to be They start schools for the illiterate and sewing stamped out by Soviet laws and persecution. courses, they attend to the education of the After seventeen years of communist domination younger generation and enter in where governthe masses of the people refuse to reject what they ment efforts fail. They have started a large numhave learned of Christ as the revelation of God ber of private village schools which are Chrisand His Way of Life. tian and maintain themselves in spite of persecu- tion by tlfe authorities. But there are also thousands of evangelical Christians in Russia whose spiritual life may be The true Church of Christ may· and will pass hidden as in the days of the Maccabees and in the through times of persecution. These will not Dark Ages, but it will not be uprooted. The light destroy but only purify it as a flail separates the may shine in obscurity without being extin- wheat from the chaff. Christians in Russia are guished. Already there are signs of change in suffering and where faith is burning brightly they are experiencing the· way of the Cross-as

TOPICS OF THE TIMES

many can testify. Christians in other lands can life that most deeply interest even serious minded help them with their sympathy and their prayers, folk are revealed by a questionnaire recently sent keeping their own lamps burning and their ma- out by the National Economics League. The an- terial and spiritual resources ready to help when swers show that by far the largest number of opportunity o:ffers. voters are most interested in politics, taxes, mone- tary policies and administration measures; next THE KINGDOM OF GOD AND MONEY in order come how to combat organized crime, the administration of justice, international affairs, Figures have been published that should cause world peace and national defense, economic and industrial problems (including unemployment). Americans to stop and think and seek to change Then follow problems of transportation, public utilities and the conservation and use of national the trend of the times. In 1927-during years of resources; housing, mortgage relief, public health and education. Religion and philanthropy as such unprecedented prosperity – $680,000,000 w ere have no place in this list of subjects most occupy- ing public attention. May not this be the cause spent by the United States Government to prepare of our distress and the reason why the incomes of practically all religious and philanthropic agencies for war with our neighbors, while $833,000,000 have fallen off even more rapidly and extensively than private incomes? Jesus Christ, who knows was used in religious and philanthropic activity. mankind and the laws of the universe, has given us the solution of the problem when He said: In 1933, when depression had gained almost a strangle hold, we increased the amount spent di- rectly on the Army, Navy and air force to $788,- 000,000 (an increase of $100,000,000 or 15%), ro ). while benevolences had shrunk to $550,000,000 (a decrease of nearly $300,000,000 or 60 In the thirty-three years between 1900 and 1933 the Fed- eral Government expenses increased from half a "Seek ye first the Kingdom (the recognition of the billion dollars to five billion a year, or $13,700,000 sovereignty) of God and His righteousness and all a day. War and Navy expenses increased from these things (necessary for our material welfare) about $400,000,000 to over two billion a year-a will be added unto you." fivefold increase; while all gifts to benevolences were not even doubled. The population of the ENCOURAGEMENTS IN THE WEST INDIES country increased fifty per cent in the same pe- riod. Do not Christians need to rededicate to God Mission work in the West Indies has reached a and His service themselves and their possessions stage where the outstanding things to a casual ob- -of which they are only trustees? The need for server may seem commonplace. The national Christian benevolence at home and abroad was leadership is settling down to a more serious never greater. Many wish they had given away understanding of the needs of their own countries.

what they have lost in the past five years! In the unsettled political conditions in Cuba and But the United States is still the richest country under the strain of the present financial depres- in the world-in assets, in average income, in com- sion, the national church has set itself not to be forts and in the average scale of living. Govern- moved by these conditions and to contribute in ment officials now talk in billions of dollars now every possible way toward the stabilization of life.

where they used to ask millions for public appro- Recently a two-day meeting was held in Havana priations. Americans talk poverty and over of the representatives of all evangelical denomina- twenty-five million people are dependent on the tions doing work in Cuba. These men from all Government payrolls—.:either as employees, pen- parts of the island formed a union that seems to sioners or recipients of the dole. Taxes are being mean far more than an organic union. They increased to pay these growing expenses-and the definitely committed themselves to preaching the end is not yet. In the meantime pastors, mission- Gospel of Christ throughout Cuba. This seems to aries and other Christian workers as well as teach- bespeak a new day in the Evangelical cause for ers and other professional workers, trades people, that republic. The national leadership in the clerks and most employees in industry see their Protestant Church is convinced that the only solu- incomes decrease, while taxes and expenses in- tion to the fundamental problems of Cuba is found crease-and there is, humanly speaking, no relief in the Gospel of Christ.

in sight. Consequently gifts to church work, mis- Another encouraging development has been an sions and other benevolences decrease and the organization of Christian students in the Univer- work of God-meaning the work He wishes done sity of Havana. A group of boys has rented a for underprivileged men and women-suffers. house and established a Protestant center. They But there is no lack of money in America, if we are without funds and the accommodations very can judge by the amount spent on amusements, humble, but it is their own and a friend intends theatre, sports, cosmetics, tobacco, strong drink, to help them as much as possible because they are pleasure automobiles, and fiction. The phases of willing to undergo privation for the sake of hold-

ing together those who have similar high ideals on national "Crime Institute" was proposed-a sort faith and daily life. These things are significant of "West Point" training school-where Federal and back in many of the churches from which agents can study the best methods of dealing with these students oome there is reflected a new seri- crime and law-breakers, and where criminal rec- ousness about the development of their work. ords will be available to all.

The days of prosperity are not always the best Third: more strict Federal regulations are days for the Church. needed to govern the sale, possession and use of While there are many reasons for encourage- firearms. Attorney-general Cum min g s also ment in Puerto Rico, unemployment, inadequate called attention to the evil effects of narcotics and schools and general living conditions all help to alcoholic drink, the abuse of parole, the evils of create for the Church an atmosphere that is ex- lax law enforcement and the weakness of present ceedingly difficult. There is, however, consider- forms of criminal procedure. "The whole move- able activity along evangelical lines. For example ment against crime has been too sporadic and in- the Presbyterian mission has been carrying on a effective."

program of tent evangelism in villages which the What have the churches to do with this probgeneral public neve.r visits. After six weeks of lem and how can Christians help in crime preservices the whole town and country round about vention, in law observance, and in the reclamation seem to want to come into the church. Such in- of criminals? stances are duplicated in all the surrounding country. 1. Our whole educational system must recognize Representatives of various mission boards hav- the importance of moral and religious education.

ing work in Puerto Rico are now holding a joint The subject should be wisely emphasized in text- conference on the island to study conditions and books and on the platform; only teachers of high to propose ways for closer cooperation and more moral character and influence should be employed effective work in evangelism, the development of to train youth.

self-support, improvement of the Uniqn Seminary, 2. The Church must unite with all forces ·for the literature program, women's work, and sec- moral betterment to undertake more seriously the ular and religious education. E. A. ODELL. reformation or elimination of extra curricula edu- cational factors – such as the unwholesome mo- THE CURE FOR CRIME AND CRIMINALS tion pictures, demoralizing tabloid press and other pernicious literature. Prof. Thorstan Sellin, of the University of Penn- 3. Must we not give more attention to the moral sylvania, recently stated that there were 1,300,000 major crimes committed in the United States in and religious training of parents – to persuade the year 1933. Only one in four of the perpetra- adults to set a good example to youth-in the obtors of these crimes were ever brought to justice! servance of traffic and other laws, in the adoption of higher moral standards, in abstinence from in- The crime situation has evidently become so toxicants, in discountenancing all forms of gamserious in the United States that Federal and State bling and by the adoption of higher ideals in all Governments, as well as municipalities, are study- forms of amusements. ing ways in which to combat the trend and to make it more dangerous and less profitable to murder, 4. There is also need to return to the Christian steal and betray a trust. The cost of crime in ideals of marriage and the home; to emphasize lives lost, in money, jewels and other property the responsibility of parents for the training of dishonestly acquired, and for law enforcement and children, teaching them the arts of peace rather dealing with criminals, has mounted to an alarm- than glorifying war, and instilling ideals of truth, ing extent. purity and unselfish service.

Recently the Attorney-general of the United 5. The Church and State, working together, can States called together some six hundred Federal, do much more to redeem criminals, to clear slums, State and local officials for a conference in Wash- providing proper housing facilities, and improvington. They finally proposed to state legislatures ing public health and recreation, with better soa program with the following suggestions for combating crime and dealing with criminals. cial and economic conditions. 6. The Church must herself be purified and strengthened to make her more attractive, educa- First: a number of recommendations were tional and influential, both to young and old.. The made looking toward improvements in court pro- real solution of the crime, and of all other moral cedure so as to speed up the course of justice and problems, is after all the regeneration of the indi- to make trials by jury less cumbersome and more vidual. This can only be accomplished through satisfactory. the Spirit of God but Christians are responsible Second: suggestions were made for better co- for proving that Christ does save and give power operation between State and Federal officers. A to overcome evil with good.

Young Martyrs in

The Testimony of Mr. and Mrs. John Stam Who Witnessed to Christ by Their Death at the Hands of Chinese Communists EDITORIAL T HE story of John and Elizabeth Starn is one Mr. Lo, a pastor of the China Inland Mission, was taken of heroic Christian faith and inspiring cour- captive by the communists on their arrival in Miaosheo, age. At the threshold of their missionary but was released when they learned that he had only arservice for Christ in China, these two young mis- rived the day before. He fled to the mountains with most of the townspeople when he learned that two foreigners sionaries were put to death by communists on De- had been killed. He came back to investigate and see if cember 8 about one hundred miles south of Wuhu, he could be of any help. This was a dangerous thing to do. Anwhei. The only reason for the murder seems to He learned that the baby was still alive. The people were have been resentment against all foreigners be- afraid to give information, but finally an old lady pointed cause their governments are siding with the Chi- in the direction of a certain house, where he heard the infant crying and found it after traversing many court- nese against communist activity. The tragic story yards and rooms. It had been left alone without food or care for over twenty-four hours. He took the child out is briefly told by Robert E. Brown, M.D., a mis- and found a Chinese mother who volunteered to nurse the sionary of the Methodist Episcopal Church and baby. He then went to look for the bodies of Mr. and superintendent of the Wuhu General Hospital, Mrs. Starn and found them still lying exposed except for where the Starn baby was born last September. a few handfuls of grass which had been laid over them.

Wuhu is about eighty miles from Tsingteh, the As all local officials had fled to the mountains, Pastor Lo mountain mission station of the China Inland Mis- offered to take charge. sion, where Mr. and Mrs. Starn and their baby were located. Dr. Brown's account, taken from The Chinese pastor found that Mrs. Starn had made pro- vision for the little one to the best of her ability, hoping eyewitnesses, is as follows: * that someone would save it. A ten-dollar bill was found wrapped in a piece of paper among clean napkins between On December 6, 1934, the communists made a surprise the baby's blankets. On the table was an empty tin of attack and entered the town of Tsingteh.. After looting powdered milk, a little sugar, and some crackers. The the place they carried off the Starn family and a number pastor then gathered his own family together and started of Chinese. Early the next day they marched rapidly on a forty miles' journey to Kinhsien, the nearest large fifty li to Miaosheo, and the Starns were left at the post city toward Wuhu. office while the town was being taken. The postmaster offered them fruit and tea and Mr. Starn took advantage Chinese mothers were found ready to nurse the baby of the moment to write a letter which he left with the as they walked the forty miles and so no doubt saved the postmaster. Someone asked Mr. Starn where they were child's life. They arrived in Wuhu, Friday, December 14, being taken and he replied, "Weare going to Heaven." the baby having been in the sole care of Chinese friends for nearly a week. When seen by the members of the The next morning they were led through the streets, and mission hospital staff, the baby was in perfect health and the people of the town who had not fled to the mountains smiled from her little crib, all unconscious of the tragedy were called to witness the execution of the foreigners. It in her life.

is reported that they walked with an appearance of un- A later word from Dr. Charles E. Scott says: shaken courage and calm assurance, probably conscious: of Another walking with them. At·the head of the main "When the Reds forced the people of Miao Sheo street on a hill the communist officer addressed the crowd, to witness the murder of Betty and John, the explaining that the foreigners were hurting China by help- Christian Chinese knelt and pleaded for the lives ing Chiang Kai-shek and the Nanking Government, as of their beloved friends. As a result they were demonstrated by using the people's money to build new themselves led away to torture and death. Even roads throughout the country; therefore they should be non-Christians knelt and pleaded in vain." killed. When they ordered Mr. Starn to kneel down for the knife a number of people, including some non-Chris- The Associated Press has published a dispatch, tians, were daring enough to speak in behalf of the Amer- as from Rev. W. J. Hanna, of the China Inland ican mIssIOnaries. They were rewarded by kicks and Mission, who brought the child from Wuhu to curses. One Christian Chinese fell on his knees before Tsinan to her grandparents, Dr. and Mrs. Scott: the executioner and begged for their lives, finally asking, if they would not spare both, at least to save Mrs. After the execution of Mr. and Mrs. Starn the com- Starn. For his persistence he was accused of being one munist captors were on the point of killing the child to avoid the trouble of taking care of her, but a man who of them and was bound and taken away. We have since had only just been released from the village prison by heard that he was killed. Such Christian courage and Communists, pleaded for the infant's life. loyalty deserves the highest praise. Mr. Starn addressed the crowd. What he said is not known, but it was prob- "Who are you?" a Communist officer asked. "Why do ably a Christian testimony. While he was speaking he you intercede for the baby?" was killed and his wife was then executed. The prisoner replied that he had no connection with "these foreigners," but begged that the baby's life be • Account taken from The Chri••tian Advocate, January 31, 1934. spared and volunteered to forfeit his own life to save the [ 103]

child. He was killed on the spot but the baby was saved. John and Elizabeth Starn were members of the This account was amply authenticated by Chinese wit- China Inland Mi~sion and for academic training, nesses who said that the martyr "gained great heavenly favor" by his act. strength of character and Christlike spirit were among the most promising and attractive mission- This baby girl, Helen Priscilla Starn, was born aries that ever went to China. John Starn was at Wuhu on September 11 just three months be- the son of Rev. Peter Starn, of Paterson, New fore her parents' death. Alinost on the same day Jersey, and was a graduate of Moody Bible Insti- on which the press dispatches reported the cruel tute, Chicago. "Betty" (Elizabeth Alden Scott) tragedy, a letter was received in the New York was born in China and was a graduate of Wilson office of the REVIEW, containing a two-years' sub- College, Chambersburg, Pennsylvania. She was a scription for Mr. and Mrs. Starn. It was sent by gifted and beautiful girl. Her life motto was in- Dr. Charles E. Scott, of Tsinan, Betty Starn's fa- scribed on her photograph: "For to me to live is ther, who wrote at the same time, telling of the Christ and to die is gain" (Philippians 1: 21). In marriage of another daughter, Beatrice, to Dr. the farewell meeting in Philadelphia, before she Theodore Dwight Stevenson, of Princeton, and sailed for China, her last words were: "Whether their sailing for mission work in South China. living or dying, I am the Lord's." Her testimony, , – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – , composed when she made her decision to be a missionary, is as follows: And shall I fear That there is anything That men hold dear Thou wouldst deprive me of, And nothing give in place? That is not so, For I can see Thy face; I hear Thee now: "My child, I died for thee; And, if the gift Of love and life you took from Me, Shall lone precious thing Withhold to all eternity- . One beautiful and bright, One pure and precious thing, withhold- It cannot be."

John Starn, in his farewell message be- fore leaving America for China in 1932, said: God in His infinite grace sometimes virtually pushes us into His way for us, if we are unready to learn in other ways that His will is always good and acceptable and perfect. So He did with me.

I thank God for Christian parents, a Chris- tian grammar school, and a pastor who taught the Word book by book and verse by verse. I thank Him for bringing me to Himself under deep conviction of sin. As a self-righteous young man I needed to see myself as a sinner hope- lessly lost and on his way to an awful hell be- fore I could at all realize my need of the Saviour.

I should have gone right out into active Chris- tian testimony, but to my shame I must write that fear kept me from boldly witnessing for Christ. God in His mercy shook me out of such a condition through a challenge given by my own father. One summer when I asked why our -group hadn't started street work, he 'replied, "Well, why don't you go ahead?" It staggered me-but I went ahead. I had to. God blessed those first half-hearted efforts, ridding me of the fear that old school friends might see me and smile, and filling my heart with joy and bless- By courtesy of "China's Millions," Philadelphin.; photo by John C. Stam. ing in the work. In a few years I found my am- A SCENE J'US'I OUTSIDE ONE OF THE GATES OF TSINGTEH, ANHWEI, bitions to make a success of myself in the busi- THE CITY FROM WHICH MR. AND MRS. J. C. STAM WERE TAKEN TO ness world beg•mnm• g to lose ground, and dl.S- MEET THEIR MARTYRDOM AT THE HANDS OF THE OOMMUNISTS

TWO YOUNG MARTYRS IN CHINA

covered to my own surprise that my chief interest had What could be more glorious? The manner in which they shifted to the work of the Lord. were sent out of this world was a shock to us all, but At the Moody Bible Institute and in its student mis- whatever of suffering they may have endured is now past, sionary activity I was brought face to face with my own and they are both infinitely blessed with the joys of responsibility to heathen millions. The Lord laid China Heaven.

upon my heart, and slowly the conviction deepened that I, It was our desire that he, John, as well as we, should for one, would have no valid reason to give my Lord if I serve the Lord, and if that could be better done by death did not go where the need was so great. God's Word it- than by life, we would have it so. The sacrifice may seem self, prayer, and a study of conditions in China, and my great now, but no sacrifice is too great to make for Him own circumstances soon left no room for doubt that the who gave Himself for us. Lord was assuredly leading. A great volume of prayer was going up for their release It is blessed to know for the future even when we are from their communist captors. We need not feel that these fearful of failing Him, that "He will not suffer his faith- prayers were unanswered. Betty and John were released. fulness to fail." We need your prayers. Pray for us. They were released from the pain and toil of life, and One of the last letters from John Starn to the brought into the presence of the Saviour whom they loved China Inland Mission in Shanghai on December so dearly. 6, shows the caliber of the man and his faith. Weare earnestly praying that it will all be for God's glory and for the salvation of souls. How glad we shall be My wife, baby and myself are today in the hands of if through this dreadful experience many shall be won to communists in the city of Tsingteh. Their demand is the Lord Jesus. How glad we shall be if many dear Chris- twenty thousand dollars for our release. tian young people are inspired to give themselves to the All our possessions and stores are in their hands, but Lord as never before, in a life of sacrifice and service. we praise God for peace in our hearts and a meal tonight. We were honored by having sons and daughters minister God grant you wisdom in what you do, and us fortitude, for our Lord among the heathen, but we are more signally courage, and peace of heart. He is able–and a wonderful honored that two of them have received the martyr's crown.

Friend in such a time. Dr. and Mrs. Charles E. Scott, who have been Things happened so quickly this A. M. They were in the city just a few hours after the ever-persistent rumors missionaries of the Presbyterian Church in China really became alarming, so that we could not prepare to for nearly thirty years, write that Romans 8: 28 leave in time. We were just too late. expresses their abiding conviction. Their only The Lord bless and guide you; and as for us, may God be glorified, whether by life or by death. desire is that the "will of God may be done on In Him, JOHN C. STAM. earth as in Heaven." Dr. Scott has sent us a ,poem which was a favorite of both Betty and The last letter, written in Miaosheo, was given John. It was written by E. H. Hamilton, a misto the postmaster with the request that it be sent sionary and a friend of the Scotts and was inon. Mr. Starn said to the postmaster, "I have no money to pay the postage, but please send this spired by the fact that when bandits asked the Presbyterian missionary, J. W. Vinson, if he were for me." As the mail leaves only once in five afraid, he replied : "No; if you shoot, I go straight days, the postmaster gave the letter to Mr. Lo to to Heaven." His decapitated body was found post at Kinghsien. When he and his wife and later and the incident was told by a little Chinese child set off with the baby for Kinghsien, they girl who was present. took with them the letter which is as follows: Afraid? Of what?

MIAOSHEO, ANHWEI, To feel the spirit's glad release?

December 7, 1934. To pass from pain to perfect peace, CHINA INLAND MISSION. The strife and strain of life to cease?

DEAR BRETHREN: Afraid-of that?

Weare in the hands of the communists here, being Afraid? Of what? Afraid to see the Saviour's face, taken from Tsingteh when they passed through yesterday. To hear His welcome, and to trace The glory gleam from wounds of grace? I tried to persuade them to let my wife and baby go back Afraid-of that? from Tsingteh with a letter to you, but they wouldn't let Afraid? Of what? her, and so we both made the trip to Miaosheo today, my A flash-a crash-a pierced heart; Darkness-light-O Heaven's art! wife traveling part of the way on a horse. A wound of His a counterpart!

They want $20,000 before they will free us, which we Afraid-of that?

have told them we are sure will not be paid. Famine Re- Afraid? Of what? To do by death what life could notlief money, and our personal money and effects are all in Baptize with blood a stony plot, Till souls shall blossom from the spot? their hands. Afraid-of that? God give you wisdom in what to do, and give us grace "Here is a good tonic for timorous Christians; and fortitude. He is able. something to hearten the saints; a challenge to Yours in Him, (Signed) JOHN C. STAM.

The parents of the martyred couple show a like faith and fortitude. The Rev. Peter Starn, of the Door of Hope Mission, Paterson, New Jersey, writes: Our dear children have gone to be with the Lord. They loved Him, they served Him, and now they are with Him.

us to put more spiritual vim into the blood," says With thousands of missionaries living in isolated and Dr. Scott. defenseless stations throughout the whole of China the Betty Scott went out to China, before her mar- problem of ransom is of the greatest importance. If the brigands found that the missionary societies were willing riage, in 1931, and John Starn followed a year to redeem their workers for money, the capture of mislater. They were married in the home of the sionaries would immediately become a lucrative employ- bride's parents in North China and were appointed ment. No one would be safe. The perils of the missionary to the town of Tsingteh, a pioneer mountain sta- community would be immeasurably increased, and the scale tion, where they planned to begin their work of of captures would very soon make ransom impossible. The love and mercy. ransom of a few would imperil many hundreds. There is no deliverance along that road. The only wise way is to A letter (dated January 2, 1935) from the act in such a manner as to cause the brigands to learn that it is not a profitable business for them to take cap- Rev. Howard Van Dyck, of the Christian and tive those who are among them as friends, and not as rep- Missionary Alliance Mission in Wuhu, throws resentatives of wealthy corporations. What may appear some light on the character of Mr. Starn and the hard is in truth the greatest kindness, and some missiontragedy that closed his earthly career. aries, even when in captivity, have asked that no personal We have just returned from a sacred spot which, in sympathy for them should cause their friends to take the days to come, may well be visited by many a Christian false step of payment with worse consequences to follow. pilgrim. It lies at the foot of Wuhu's highest hill, con- In principle all missionary societies are agreed in this trasting sharply with the bare brown slopes, a little matter.

square of living green, a grove of trees and shrubs that The Moody Bible Institute Monthly calls attenmutely testify of tender care. It is the Wuhu Foreign tion to the fact that from the first year of the Cemetery. There today, under leaden skies and in a Christian Church the story of the faithful witness drizzling rain, a solemn group of Chinese and foreigners, gathered around an open double grave and reverently and of disciples of Christ is like a manuscript illumlovingly committed to this quiet resting place the bodies inated with sacred blood. "During the first three of China's latest missionary martys, John Stam and his centuries it is reported that at least 1,000,000 folwife, Elizabeth Alden Stam. lowers of Jesus Christ suffered death at the hands of persecutors. In the forests of pagan Europe, The murder of the Stams reveals dark depths of human depravity. Committed by one of Kiangsi's red armies so loudly praised by foreign admirers of Chinese communism, in India or China, and before the onrush of fanat. this crime is its own commentary upon the nature of that ical Moslem hordes, countless thousands died movement. Led by youths known to possess moder~ rather than deny their Lord. And the story of education, it warns against the fatal folly of filling un- modern missions is another chapter in relentless regenerate wine-skins with the strong wine of economic experimentation. The whole incident demonstrates that persecution. To mark the martyrdoms of only the greatest need of 20th century humanity is the un- the past century on a map of the missionary world changed power of the first century Gospel. with crosses of red would present a picture of startling significance. Not one mission field has That transforming power, a Christian fortitude worthy of Nero's arena, and a remarkable series of divine provi- dences are the high lights standing out against this dark been occupied without the price of the Cross. background. But the blood of the martyrs has ever been the seed of the Church. When the world courts and The roll of martyred missionaries in the China flatters the Church she becomes effeminate and Inland Mission now numbers seventy-four, be- spineless; but the fires of persecution purify and sides thirty missionary children. To this list must produce strength, fidelity and courage. Will the be added the names of hundreds of native Chris- youth of the Church in the homeland feel the thrill tians who have sealed their testimony with their of an hour like this, when challenge and call ring life's blood. so clearly from that ripened harvest field in In regard to the ransoming of captured missionaries, China's Millions says: "The demand for ransom by the captors of Mr. and Mrs. Starn China 1"

did not reach the Mission's headquarters in Shang- The martyrdom of th~se two young missionhai until after their death. The communists who still hold Mr. Bosshardt and Mr. Hayman in cap- aries has created a profound impression in many tivity have demanded an exorbitant ransom in lands. Not only have a multitude of expressions military supplies or in money from the Chinese of sympathy come to the bereaved families and government. In view of the widespread interest to the Mission, and many have offered to adopt in these cases and of a possible misunderstanding Helen Starn, but a number of volunteers have ofof the whole question of paying ransom, some ex- fered to go out to China to take the place of the planation of the position taken by the Mission, martyred missionaries. These offers have come and indeed by the missionary body in general, we not only from the United States but from England cannot do better than to quote part of an editorial and Shanghai. God is able to make this witness note in the December issue of the British edition of His servants, sealed with their blood, abound of China's Millions. to the glory of Christ and blessing to the Chinese.

I Am Returning to

By BEATRICE E. SCOTT STEVENSON, Canton, China A Presbyterian Missionary Mrs. Stevenson, a graduate of Wilson College and of Biblical Seminary, New York, is the daughter of Dr. and Mrs.

Charles Ernest Scott of the American Presbyterian Mission at Tsinan, Shantung Province. She was married last year to Dr. Theodore Dwight Stevenson, a physician, the son of Dr. J. Ross Stevenson, of Princeton Seminary. They will be settled in Canton. Mrs. Stevenson wrote this paper (which is reprinted from The Presbyterian) while she was a student at Biblical Seminary, New York, and before she had become engaged to marry Dr. Stevenson. Her sister, Eliza- beth, and her husband, John Starn, missionaries of the China Inland Mission, were recently murdered by communistic bandits in Anhwei Province. Mrs. Stevenson's article reveals the true missionary call-not merely a philanthropic impulse to serve others. Dr. Charles Scott writes: "It seems as if this article by Beatrice were written under the clear guidance of the Holy Spirit, not only in the general argument but in the very choice of words. There was no thought of the publicity it has gained or the wide usefulness. It has been owned and honored of the Lord-the only article Beatrice has written for publication outside of college magazines. She decided to return to China to lead edu- cated Chinese girls to Christ, and this was in the face of alluring offers to work in America." EDITOR.

PEOPLE have always expected me, as the self wanted more than anything else in life, I saw daughter of missionaries in China, to return then that God expected a good deal more from me there some day-but that is not why I am than a mere complacent endorsement of Chrisplanning to be a foreign missionary. I was born tianity. He wanted a hunger in my heart that in China, and learned from childhood to love the would respond to His will for my life; He wanted East, with its antique culture, its picturesqueness, a personal consciousness of Christ and a burning its calm, happy-go-lucky people – but that is not love for Him which would motivate all my living why I am hoping to return. My own home is over and make me long to "be about my Father's busithere, and the two people I love most in the world ness." And He awakened both in me, by letting -but even that is not what ultimately draws me. me see the selfish, conceited person that was my- For it takes something stronger than home-ties or self, and then showing me by contrast, how altothe spirit of adventure or a sense of duty to make gether lovely is Jesus Christ, and how much better a missionary and keep her on the field. I would qualified than I to run my life. The whole experinever dare set myself up, even as an embryonic ence was a beautiful outreaching of God to me one, if something had not revolutionized my whole that I never deserved and certainly never soliclife first, and given me my first true call to mis- ited-too proud and too blind to see how lonely and groping and dissatisfied I was without Him. sion work. St. Augustine has told my whole story for me, This was a personal experience of the presence of a living Christ in my own life. It came to me, more clearly and beautifully than I could ever quite undesired, shortly after I had reached Amer- hope to do, when he wrote: ica for my college education. I believe I was a Christian before then, but certainly a very nom- And behold Thou wert within, and I abroad; and there inal one, sliding through life on my parents' re- I searched for Thee; . . . Thou wert with me, but I was ligion rather than living in intimate friendship not with Thee. Things held me far from Thee, which, with a .personal Saviour I knew. Yet the experi- unless they were in Thee, were not at all. Thou didst call, ence was not one of my seeking, for there was and shout, and didst burst my deafness. Thou didst flash nothing in the world I thought I needed less. I and shine and didst scatter my blindness. Thou didst was a Christian; I came from a Christian home; breathe odours and I drew in my breath and panted for I had had religious training at home and at school Thee. I tasted, and I hunger and thirst. Thou didst all my life. What more could God ask or want of touch me, and I burned for Thy peace (Confessions 10: me? His answer came, too forcefully to be 27). ignored, in a small Gospel mission in the heart of Chicago. I had gone, chiefly out of curiosity, to My Second Reason In the light of this new experience of Christ, I was able, for the first time, to apply to myself Christ's commandment, "Go ye into all the world."

see how drunken bums "got religion." Suddenly I am willing, of course, to go anywhere He wants I realized that they had what I had never really me to go (if He will only show me the way had, what God wanted me to have, and what I my- clearly); but, naturally, my thoughts swing back [107 ]

with renewed interest to China, my beloved "na- background and knowledge of conditions, if I did tive land," where I have personal acquaintance not cooperate with Him in His great plan for the with the language and the need. That first-hand world, to the best of my ability. knowledge of conditions constitutes, I believe, my second big reason for returning to the foreign Finally, there is a third reason why I am refield. As I look back now at poor, superstitious, turning to the foreign field, and that is-I want war-torn China, I realize that she is not getting something really worthwhile to live for. Like what Christ died to bring her-in spite of what most young people, I want to invest this one life "broad-minded" churchmen today may say. I can of mine as wisely as possible, in the place that see, in the eye of memory, picture after picture yields richest profits to the world and to me. This that was impressed on me as a child walking about may be in China, or in India or Africa, or the with my nurse – a woman weeping loudly at a squalid slums in New York. But, wherever it is, I small grave, without comfort because of the black- want it to be God's choice for me and not my own. ness of death around her child; unwanted girl- There must be no self-interest at all, or I do not babies eaten by dogs on the village commons; a believe God can reveal His will clearly. Certainly procession of idols, with their sightless eyes, car- Paul never saw his vision of the man from Maceried out to view the dry, parched fields; walls donia by looking in his own mirror. I know very and high doorways and crooked alleys, to hinder well that I can never realize the richest, most the ever-present evil spirits in their progress; satisfying life Christ meant for me, if I am not war, disease, hate, fear. China, like so many giving my own life unselfishly for others. Christ countries of the world, is "an infant crying in the said: "He that would find his life shall lose it," dark, with no language but a cry." There is only and He proved the truth of this divine paradox at one solution and that is the Gospel of Christ, Calvary. I want Him to lead, and His Spirit to which (for some strange reason I cannot yet fill me. Then, and only then, will I feel that my fathom), God has left to us – you and me – to life is justifying its existence, and that I am realspread. I would certainly be a quitter, given my izing the maturity in Him that Christ meant for all men, in all parts of the world.

/, THE FIRE OF GOD* A Poem by ELISABETH A. SCOTT, Recently Martyred in Central China Depth And height, All was night. From the mystic holds Of the starry worlds Issued forth the pure white flame Which was called "The Light" by name; And, God being good, the black deep fled From the white fire glowing red-white, red. And the flames grew vast, unfed by fuel above; For the Lord blew gently upon them the breath of love; Till the prophets known to God, whom the Holy One did inspire, Distinguished the form of the Son of God in the flames of fire. Oh, the tongues of the lapping flames about him were scarlet and hard and hot; , But the Son of man with the eyes of God loved the world and faltered not. And the flames of wrath by the will of God have curled themselves into a heap of a cross, Wheref the hate of myself for the love of God was pinning that Figure – Oh, terrible loss To the .will of men! to the pride of men! to lust and conceit, as my sin and the cross are seen! Now the world is cold; but the hearts of men who received the Fire have been burning warm and clean. And, see! on the fringes of earth and heaven, how the flame is a golden wave of tongues that ripples and runs; From the sea of crystal mingled with fire – golden, purple, scarlet, and white – that enfolds the suns.

• Reprinted from The Moody Bible Institute Monthly.

Chief of the

By the REV. A. M. CHIRGWIN, M.A., London, England General Secretary of the London Missionary Society TSHEKEDI'S country is situated between the The Bamangwato, in common with the other Union of South Africa and Northern Rho- Bechuana tribes, are not a conquered people. desia, and is occupied by a scattered popula- They are not British subjects but are a free peotion of cattle-owning people. Like all the Bantu ple, who willingly and by treaty placed themselves they are a friendly, well-mannered folk. Tshe- under the protecting care of Britain. They hold, kedi's own tribe, the Bamangwato, has been more with proper pride, that they have the right to than commonly fortunate in treat direct with the British its recent rulers, and his fa- Sovereign or his Ministers of ther, Chief Khama, was prob- State. The population is ably one of the greatest rulers sparse, being only about one Bantu Africa has yet pro- per square mile, but it is not duced. as sparse as at first sight it Khama was succeeded, after appears. Little villages of a reign of over fifty years, by round mud huts are scattered his eldest son Sekgoma. It over the veld. In the old days was during Sekgoma's Chief- of tribal warfare the African tainship that the present learned the necessity of hid- Prince of Wales vi sit e d ing his home as far as possible Serowe, the capital of the from the eyes of his enemies, Bamangwato, to unveil the and, like the wild t h i n g s tribal Memorial to Khama. around him, he took advan- On Sekgoma's sudden death tage of color protection, build- the hereditary Chieftainship ing his hut with walls of mud fell to his little son Seretse, and roof of grass.

then a child of five or six. A The first time I visited one Regent was necessary, and of these villages it impressed the choice fell on Khama's me as a higgledy-piggledy youngest son Tshekedi, then a place, entirely lacking in any student at a mission school in plan, as though the huts had Cape Colony. grown up as daisies do, any- Bechuanaland is a British how. But I learned later that Protectorate, and makes up, a Bechuana village has a lay- with Basutoland and Swazi- out as clear as that of New land, the three High Commis- TSHEKEDI AND SEMANE York, only different. In the sion territories of Sou t h centre, like the hub of a wheel, Africa. This single area, as large as France and is a large cattle-pen or kraal, where the cattle are Germany put together, is occupied by five Bantu driven at night for safety. Ranged round this tribes, all related and all speaking the same lan- cattle-krall, as it were on the rim of the wheel, are guage, the Bamangwato being by far the largest the huts of the members of one family-group who and most important of them. jointly own the cattle. This ring of huts is the The London Missionary Society, through such unit, and a series of such units makes up a native men as Robert Moffat and David Livingstone, has township.

played a large part in the history of Bechuana- The Bechuana look upon their cattle as their land. It was missionaries of this Society who in- most precious possession and their attitude to troduced Christianity into Bechuanaland over a their cattle has an almost religious quality, point- century ago. ing back, perhaps, to some kind of earlier belief [109 ]

in a mystical connection between the life of the gestions of his advisors in regard to marriage. tribe and the cattle that they own. The Bechuana He determined to marry where he would, and he hoard cattle as a miser hoards gold. dared to seek his wife outside the clearly-defined circles of the tribal aristocracy. Semane, whom But what impressed me most about the people he took as his bride, was not only a young woman of Bechuanaland was their unfailing courtesy. of education and bearing, she was the best Sunday They have a natural dignity of bearing and are school teacher in the tribe. She is today a woman rarely ill-at-ease. I do not recall ever having seen of queenly presence, and carries on still the proj- a single discourteous act, except amongst those ects that were dear to her husband's heart. She who had gone off to the towns and picked up the is a deacon of the Church, a teacher in the Sunday rather casual manners of the European. school, the leader of a large Women's Bible Class, and the president of the Women's Christian Tem- Serowe, the great native town which is the cap- perance Union. In her home and in the Church, ital of the Bamangwato, with its 30,000 people, is she always impressed me by her competence and probably the largest native town in Africa south leadership. She shares with all Bechuana women of the Equator. a love for striking colors. The last time I saw her she was wearing over her shoulders a bright prim- The Chief asked me if I would come to the rose-colored shawl embroidered in orange, and an Kgotla at dawn and preach at the annual "Plough- emerald-green handkerchief knotted round her ing Service" of the tribe. I found some six thou- head. These colors, which no white woman could sand people awaiting me in the Kgotla the next wear, seemed somehow to suit her chocolate skin morning. In the old days it was customary for and royal bearing. the Chief and his sorcerers to arrange for a pagan service just before the people began their plough- Tshekedi was educated at Lovedale, the famous ing. The object of the pagan rites was to secure institution of the Church of Scotland in Cape Colfertility from the spirits of the earth and air. ony, where so many chiefs have been trained. Thereafter the Chief gave the word and the people were free to start ploughing as soon as the Tshekedi's Government rain should fall. Some of the rites were indecent, but at the same time the whole thing was rooted The administration of justice in Bechuanaland, deeply in the tribal life and certain elements were so far as the native people are concerned, remains worth preserving. When Khama became Chief, largely in the hands of the chief and headmen of and the time for ploughing drew near, the head- the tribe, though certain cases go before the men asked him to arrange for the rites as usual, European magistrate. When an offence is reso that the people could begin on their lands. ported, the chief and the headmen gather in the Khama's reply was that if they wanted their rites Kgotla with any adult males of the tribe who are they could have them, he would not interfere; but interested to attend. The accuser and the defendas for himself and the Christians in the tribe, they ant make their statements, the elders of the tribe would have a meeting for prayer in the Kgotla. give their view of the case, often at great length, From that day the "Ploughing Service" has been and then it is open to any man in the assembly to baptized into Christ, retaining the good and drop- speak. The Bechuana are excellent speakers and ping the bad features. Without any disruption of debaters, and make their points in a clear, logical the tribal life the whole course of an old custom way. When the matter has been thoroughly dishad been changed; the pagan rite had been filled cussed, the chief sums up the general sentiment with a Christian content. After the service was of the assembly, and pronounces sentence. He is over Tshekedi rose and gave the word for the thus not an autocrat, but the mouthpiece of his ploughing to begin. The next moment three people. The punishment meted out is generally mighty, long-drawn cheers went up from six thou- either flogging or a fine of two or three oxen. sand throats – "Pula! Pula! Pula!" (literally, "Rain 1 Rain 1 Rain 1"). This Bechuana word for Tshekedi seemed to me to be a hard-working "Hurrah" is significant of the place rain occupies chief who took his duties very seriously. He apin the mind of the people of this dry and thirsty peared to have no relaxations; indeed sometimes land. seems to be too serious and too absorbed for a man of his age. He scorns delights and lives la- Khama, Tshekedi's father, was perhaps the borious days. I found him considerate ·and apgreatest son that Bantu Africa has yet produced, preciative. When an old woman fainted at a a man of strong intellect and stronger character, meeting Tshekedi helped to render first aid and ,who set himself to prepare his people to take their afterwards drove her home in his own car. proper place in the life of the new Africa, and in fact led them a long way along the road from It may be that there are still chiefs in Africa pagan barbarism to Christian civilization. Khama who wear feathers and skins, who live in the was a big enough man to brush aside the sug- midst of either squalid superstition or barbaric

TSHEKEDI, CHIEF OF THE BAMANGWATO

splendor, who are hard-drinking, overbearing, un- For an outside authority, therefore, to remove a tutored polygamists. Tshekedi does not belong to Chief or even to encroach seriously and suddenly their set. He is an educated, quiet-mannered, upon his functions is to deal a blow at the whole competent Christian young man who neither poise and equilibrium of tribal life. To disturb drinks, smokes nor swears. He may not have his the status and functions of a chief is one of the father's stature or commanding presence or surest ways to bring about detribalization, that powerful mind, yet he has courage and persist- worst malady of African life. Tshekedi feels that ence, with, maybe, a touch of obstinacy, combined his main task is the maintenance of his chiefly with unwavering devotion to his tribe. He seemed prerogatives, and he is robbed thereby of the freeto me to be cautiously progressive. He is a dom of mind necessary to think constructively on church-member and a regular worshiper at the the needs of his tribe or to frame a progressive great church his father built, and would certainly policy for them. be a deacon of the church, were it not that both he and the missionaries in Bechuanaland agree The Status of a Bechuana Chief that it is probably not in the best interests of the church or the tribe for a chief to hold office. From the first Tshekedi has taken his duties There are morning and afternoon services every seriously. His guiding principle has been to main- Sunday in the vernacular for the people of the tain the main lines of Khama's policy, and to pretribe in the great Khama church, and whenever serve the prerogatives of the Chieftainship intact the missionary is in Serowe on Sunday evenings and hand them on unimpaired to Seretse when he conducts an English service for Europeans in the latter comes of age. It was to defend the the tiny church which has been built for their use. status of a Bechuana Chief and to prevent the ab- On the Sunday evening when I preached there the sorption of the Bechuanaland Protectorate in the Government doctor played the harmonium, one of Union of South Africa, that Tshekedi came to the traders gave out the notices, and another took England three years ago, and there won many the collection, which, by the way, was on behalf friends by his quiet, courteous, friendly ways and of missionary work. by his courage and competence in standing for the rights of his people. He speaks English fluently, Bechuanaland is a Protectorate, and there is lives in a European type of house, and has a reatherefore a dual authority. The Bechuana are sonable knowledge of English law as well as a ruled both by a European Administration and by thorough understanding of African tribal cusa Native Chief. This situation calls for states- toms. Like most African chiefs he strikes those manship and tact if friction is to be avoided. It who know him well as a trifle secretive, in spite is obvious that with the spread of European cul- of his friendliness of manner. He has not the ture the inevitable tendency is for the Adminis- powerful mind or personality of Khama, and when tration to encroach upon the functions and privi- hard pressed he tends to become obstinate. His leges of the Chief. The powers of the Chief have policy in general is cautious, and is regarded by been considerably reduced since the death of some people as being conservative. He believes Khama, and it looks as though it is intended that profoundly in education, and he himself studied the process shall continue. It is natural that up to the matriculation examination at school. Tshekedi should view the tendency with concern, He maintains at his own expense a school of 700 and that he should offer all the opposition he legit- children in Serowe, and he has spared no pains imately may. He is only the Regent or Acting or money to make it one of the model native Chief, and will therefore be expected, both by his schools of South Africa. He has moreover been nephew, the real Chief, and by the tribe, to hand contemplating for some time starting an instituon the prerogatives and functions of the chieftain- tion of a higher standard for the training of teachship undiminished. ers and for the giving of education of a more ad- vanced character than anything at present pro- But there is something deeper than that in the vided by the Government. Tshekedi is forwarddisquiet with which Tshekedi views the frequent looking, but he is at present engrossed in the infringement of his functions. The Chief in a maintenance of the status and prerogatives of the Bantu tribe is looked upon as something more Chief as against the inevitable encroachments of than a political personage. He is regarded as the European administration. Given a clear and gathering up in himself the whole life of the tribe. acceptable definition of the rights and functions He is a religious symbol of the tribal existence. of the Chieftainship Tshekedi would be free to He has an almost spiritual significance. More- initiate a progressive policy for the Tribe. The over, an African tribe carries subtle nonmaterial Administration would likewise be free to help him elements in its life. It is, in fact, a singularly in its realization. delicate organism, and its balance can be destroyed much more readily than it can be restored. There are one or two elements in the tribal'lif€.

that are not favorable to Tshekedi. Intrigue ing of the women, known as the duduetsa. Then thrives under tribalism. But with the vast ma- an old, old woman of the tribe rose from the jority of his tribe Tshekedi is personally popular ground and went to meet the Chief. She turned and officially respected. The people know that he and preceded him, executing a curious native seeks to maintain their rights as a free people dance. As the Chief reached the front of the under the wing of Britain's protection. They give gathering the great company as one man rose and him their regard and confidence and are making greeted him, with renewed cries of "Pula!" As good progress under his leadership. the cheering died down Semane, the Queen- This was demonstrated in an unmistakable mother, rose from her seat and advanced towards fashion on his return from England. A crowd of her son; she bent her knee,· took his hand and nearly ten thousand men and women gathered in drew it to her lips. In a great stillness Tshekedi, the Kgotla, or place of tribal assembly in Serowe, with tears in his eyes, raised his mother to her and the welcome they gave him demonstrated feet. He had come home; the welcome was com- their loyalty and affection. The great gathering plete.

sat with their eyes turned expectantly towards the Between mother and son there is a perfect shoulder of the hill round which the Chief and his understanding, and as Tshekedi remains unmar- horsemen would appear. It was like watching for ried Semane has many public duties to perform, a king returning from the wars. Presently a but she is none the less friendly and approach- great shout went up as a cloud of dust began to able. Both mother and son are members of the rise and move towards the town. In a few min- Christian Church; both are on friendly terms utes the whole cavalcade galloped round the stock- with the missionaries and other Europeans in ade of the Kgotla, where the Chief dismounted and their town; both are keenly interested in tem- walked slowly up the avenue between his people. perance and in the Boys' Brigade and the Girls'

From thousands of throats rose up the Bechuana. Life Brigade; both are seeking to lift the moral hurrah, or greeting of respect, "Pula! Pula! level of the Tribe and to maintain the best tradi- Pula!" immediately followed by the strange ululu- tions of a free people.

Opportunity-The Way of the Lord By JEAN KENYON MACKENZIE Formeriya Missionary of the Presbyterian Church in West Africa W HO has not wakened in the night to hear ing of the stranger-and all because in a dark a bell strike in the heart-and it is now hour our Lord spoke to us, waking us from sleep, too late to do what we have planned to do, calling us back again into his service. Not as he for we have dallied? called the child Samuel, who must rebuke the faithless with the glitter and dew of his young The child is now grown, the friend is now gone, faith-but as He calls His tried,servant who must the harvest is now passed, the night has now come now bear the heat and burden of the noon and winter seals the door. Across the heart's dark hour. . . . there is a flooding light that reveals with a strange clarity the very path we missed, and we had For this is the Way of the Lord. By much passvowed to take it on a day that passed. ing it is made straight, and those who go there are the caravans of the Future. It is for these jour- How sweet it is then if a friend knocks at the neys that the Head of the caravan has called you door and begs from us three loaves of bread! It again before it is yet day, giving you an hour for is not then we fail to rise and give him. It is not remembrance and repentance before you shall on the morrow of such dark thoughts that we deal arise "renewed to your works, and charity, and stonily with our children, or begin, with our min- service, and faith, and your patience, and your ister, to make delays and excuses. On the morrow works"; and the last-by his mercy-to be more of such a night we are up early to fill the lamps than the first. with oil; we search our purses then for whatever coin may be there; we fill the cup against the com- -From Women and Missions.

and the World To,Day*

By the REV. HERBERT H. FARMER, M.A., -.. ~ Hartford, Connecticut Professor in the Hartford Theological Seminary To ANYONE who believes that God savingly present age is really another way of facing the revealed Himself to mankind in Jesus Christ question what our essential Message is. If we in a final and unique way-and can anything believe that God speaks to the world through the be properly called Christianity which has not that Church we must also believe that He speaks to the belief in one form or another at the heart of it?- Church through the world, challenging it, thrust- Christianity is not more relevant or differently ing it out of its thoughtless and treacherous acqui- relevant to this age than to any other. Its rel- escences in styles of life really alien to Christ and evance is that it is the saving word of God to now receiving God's judgment in the outward mankind and that mankind is confusion and the inward de- mankind. Jesus Christ the same spair of mankind. The subject yesterday, today and for ever, Here is are mar k a b I y of this talk, in fact, could as and mankind, though in a dif- thoughtful paper, read at the well be the relevance of our ferent sense, pretty much the recent Foreign Missions Con- present world for Christianity same yesterday, today and for- ference. Dr. Farmer deals as the relevance of Christianity ever. The point is not unim- with the spiritual as against for our present world. portant, for so soon as we try the material, the eternal as Some years ago an anthroto adj ust our preaching of against the temporal, the di- Christ to the results of our own vine program and power as pologist of international repureflection on its relevance to a against human ideas of social tation, widely travelled, observvast and complex world situa- progress. He shows how the ant, sensitive, cautious in all his tion, the whole work and wit- revelation of God in Christ statements, said in my hearing: ness of the Church is thrown is the only basis of hope for "In my opinion the most iminto the utmost jeopardy. The the rescue and regeneration of portant and disquieting feature men from the inequalities, the of our time is the increasing prime motive of Christian mis- failures and the destruction sense of the futility of life sions must always be the com- caused by the ignorance and which is to be observed in alpelling touch of God upon our sin which are so prevalent in most every section of human own hearts and lives through the world today~ Here is the life." I have thought much Christ, and we should be bound about that statement. One is to obey that compulsion, even Christian philosophy which the more disposed to believe it though the relevance of what underlies the missionary en- true when one can see that there we have to say to the world sit- terprise. God, the loving have been at work in human uation should not at the moment Heavenly Father, has come in life over a long period of years be very apparent. That is to the person of His Son, Jesus certain tendencies of thought Christ, to reveal the value of the individual soul, and to say, our judgment of the rel- make it possible for man to which were bound in the end to evance of Christianity must al- look forward to an eternity produce that sense of futility ways be in a measure a judg- of fellowship with Him. which the observer referred to ment of faith, and not of sight. discerned as deeply underlying Though we must beware of the modern temper.

altering the Message to suit our own superficial In this connection I venture to state categor- judgments as to what the world needs, yet ft may ically two propositions.

happen that certain aspects of the Message are Impor.tance of the Eternal more relevant to some ages than to others and should be proclaimed with special" clarity and The first is that human nature is so made that emphasis and practical endeavor. To ask our- only the awareness of a factor in existence which selves what is the relevance of our Message to the is eternal can give man a sense of permanent meaning and direction and worth-whileness in his en:e;Ot9~5~sed from an address given at the Foreign Missions Confer- life. Without that the sense of futility, though it [113 ]

may be temporarily smothered in the distractions futility. No eternal, no unconditional; no uncon- of business or pleasure, always comes back like a ditional, no meaning; no meaning, nothing in the slow stain spreading from beneath through a end but a hollow sense of futility-that is an un- closely-woven fabric. The hunger for the eternal changeable law of the human heart.

I take to be as certain a fact of man's response to How unchangeable this is is shown by events his world as his hunger for food, though it is not in the world today. I am thinking particularly of so immediately obvious. It arises indeed inevi- the terrific outburst of nationalism tending to tably from the fact that he is self-conscious, and absolute dictatorships and the totalitarian state.

yet at the same time both his own being and all Many causes doubtless have contributed to bring to which he puts his hands are under sentence of these things about, but the deepest one I am con- death and dissolution. vinced is just the hunger of the human soul for an The second proposition is that the living sense absolute, an unconditional to give permanent of the eternal as distinct from armchair philo- meaning and, direction to life. It is pathetic sophical reflections, if it comes to the human soul witness to the emptiness of the human spirit when at all, always comes in the form of an uncondi- it has lost the sense of the vertical, the eternal, tional imperative addressed to the will. By an and merged itself horizontally in the process. It unconditional imperative we mean one which is the nemesis of naturalism. One of two things cla:ims the whole man, one which in principle asks always happens, as Heim has said: either the the surrender of life itself rather than to be diso- process itself gets deified, as in Marxian mate- bedient to it. Just because it is felt to claim life rialism, or one item in the"process, as in the Marx- itself it is felt to transcend life, or rather, what is ian doctrine of the proletariate or the Nazi doc- the same thing, to transcend death, to have the trine concerning the Nordic race. It is all very quality of the eternal. G. K. Chesterton has point- pathetic. Man creates his own pitiful eternal in ed out that whenever men contemplate the total some mythological Nordic race which shall go on giving of themselves they always talk the language forever and conquer all things; his own little tin- of eternity. Leonidas at Thermopylre does not pot deity of a Lenin or a Hitler or a Mussolini; say to his fellow Greeks: "Friends, I think that his own puerile sacraments of swastika banners all things considered Prof. So and So is right when and uplifted arms, and to them he is ready to give he suggests that Greek civilization is preferable himself-ready if need be to die. They are substi- to Persian; therefore I beg to move that we stay tutes for the unconditional eternal. And the here and die fighting." No, he cried, we may sup- strength of these movements is youth, youth pose, with a look up into the sky, "Athens (or which in its relatively unspoiled nature wants Sparta) forever." something to give itself wholly to, and is not able We reach then the familiar proposition that, in to find it. Those therefore who discern in these the long run, men cannot find anything worth liv- modern movements something of the lineaments ing for unless they can find something worth of religion are right. It is substitute religion.

dying for, and they cannot find anything worth The Christian Message dying for unless they can find something which transcends death, something eternal. Whence, What then is the relevance of this to Christian- clearly, the hollow sense of futility which has in- ity? The answer I propose to give is along two fected so much of modern life. For a variety of lines: the first concerns more the content of our reasons modern man has lost the sense of being message, the second more the manner of our wit- related not only, so to say, horizontally to the nat- ness to it.

ural order, but also vertically to something or First concerning the content. I am convinced some one which transcends the natural order and that a very large number of Christian thinkers which alone can make it other than a tale told by and preachers have been deeply infected (without ail idiot signifying nothing. Far more deeply their knowing it) with the prevailing monistic than we have ever realized the modern man has naturalism of this age, and so long as that is so become naturalistic in his whole outlook; he has they will have nothing to say in this present age.

become monistic-that is to say, he has lost the They think of God vaguely as a "life force" run- sense that there are two orders, time and eternity, ning through the processes of nature and history and has tried to live in one only. There is there- and somehow producing what they call values of fore no true unconditional for his will, for his will truth, beauty and goodness. Yet what is that "but is, only part of the ongoing natural process and the horizontal look, the deification of process?

we can all do what we like, seeing that natural They are very hesitant about speaking of God in process makes us like it. Because there is no un- personal terms, as a transcendent will addressing conditional there is no meaning, such is the human the will of man in unconditional demand and ask- heart, but only a growing sense of emptiness and ing for critical decision. How often have I heard

CHRISTIANITY AND THE WORLD TO-DAY

sermons which have not mentioned the word God makes a difference every bit as unmistakable and at all. What is talked about is religion, cultivat- costly as the difference which Communism has ing the spiritual life, integrating the personality wrought in Russia or Hitler in Germany, or Mus- with what is vaguely called life, and being our- solini in Italy, then men will pass it by and go selves as I heard a preacher only last Sunday say, alusting after false gods. I want the young peo- "bits of divinity." Anything approaching the ple of the world to be challenged as absolutely prophetic word, "Thus saith the Lord, the Holy with Christ as they are being challenged by Com- One," to your will asking utter obedience even munism and Fascism, but of what power is the unto death is absent. The same appears in what challenge on the lips of those in whose manner is said about Jesus Christ. There is little sense of of life there is little evidence of the presence of a an absolute, unconditional final approach of the Divine Dictator whose will at any cost is obeyed?

Eternal to the human soul in him. On the contrary Here we touch on something really important; He is looked upon as just a bit of the process, a it is precisely that accusation against Christi- product of evolutionary forces for which we may anity which Communists are continually making, be thankful and which we may as well try to copy; namely, that taken as a whole it has preferred to but He may be superseded at any moment and if establish itself on the comforts of the old order you like Buddhism or Confucius or Karl Marx and has consciously or unconsciously refused to better as the basis of your religion, you are per- make any really cos~ing sacrifices or brave any fectly entitled to adopt one of them and we wont risks for a better way of social life. It is evident worry you with Christ. After all, it is said that that mankind has reached a stage in its history all religions seek the same end; in other words when something radical must be done about life.

they are all part of the one ongoing process. It is surely not without significance that our mod- If that is all a man can genuinely say about ern dictatorships are strongly tinged with social- God and about Christ he must not, on peril of his ism. Communism is the whole thing in an ex- soul, try to force himself to say more. But let treme form, but Nazism and Italian Fascism are such an one remind himself that that sort of thing professedly also attempts to create a juster social is not historic Christianity; if it had been then unity and cooperation. Young German Nazis be- Christianity would long since have disappeared. lieve they are fashioning a new society, and for That sort of thing is pitifully inadequate to the that they are ready to surrender themselves and present situation, being indeed a surrender to make sacrifices.

those very untruths which have produced the A Christian message which is not backed by a present situation. I want a modern Christianity manifest willingness to set right the wrongs of which, without ceasing to be really modern, shall our hideous capitalistic order and to pay the cost recover the sense of God as personal Will, and be of so doing, is irrelevant today.

bold in the preaching of it, shall recover the sense The Dictatorship of Love of God as absolute unconditional demand, which shall really enthrone Jesus Christ as the revela- The witness of the Church on these matters tion of that demand to the sin-darkened spirits of must be distinctively its own, and it is becoming men. I want the Christian Church to set up its increasingly clear what the distinctive Christian Dictator against these other tawdry substitutes witness fundamentally has got to be. It must be which are walking the earth, not in word but in a much more deep-going, uncompromising, costing deed. If we cannot have a Christianity which affirmation of the principles of love, a much more does that we cannot have one which is relevant deep-going, uncompromising, costing manifesta- to the modern world. I want a Christianity that tion of the fact that we stand under the dictator- has emancipated itself from monism and takes ship of love and intend to obey and take all the its stand on the dualism of time and eternity, of risks of obedience. What then do we mean by love?

the divine will demanding, and the human will We mean at lea~t this, an intense passionate sense which must obey. of the value of every individual life because we The Christian Witness see resting on it none other than the eternal love of God with which we dare not and cannot trifle.

This has involved me in the second point, This is intensely relevant to the world situation namely, the manner of our witness to the Chris- today. You have noticed what a shockingly low tian Message. To preach God as Holy Will, save valuation of the individual personality is mani- as our own will is humbled before it, is worthless festing itself. There has always been such in the and pernicious, and never more so than today. world, but today it is peculiarly blatant and un- Unless in actual Christian living there is mani- ashamed, and, curiously enough, it is manifesting fest an austerity of the unconditional Word of itself in connection with the building of what is God, the willingness clearly evidenced that Christ regarded as a new social order. In Germany,

Russia, Italy, Turkey and elsewhere the individual but hardly a.n ideal for man as revealed by the counts for nothing or little, and that not as the God who has shown His face to us in the love of outcome of transient excitement but as a deliber- Christ. The Christian ideal is a fellowship which ately professed theory of human life. The indi- is achieved only as love, that is to say, only as a vidual must be sacrificed ruthlessly to the sup- unity amid the richest individual difference.

posed needs of the whole. This is the theory of Nothing other than that can be the ideal which the the totalitarian state: the state is all, the indi- Christian is seeking to achieve. There is, how- vidual is nothing. ever, one place where it ought to be fully achieved, This seems to be as direct an assault on the and can be fully achieved if we dedicated our- Christian message as anything could well be, for selves to it, namely the Christian Church. The if it is valid then the doctrine of God as love is relevance of the Church today to the world situa- phantastic nonsense. It is indeed inevitable that tion is to show forth a conception of fellowship, we should meet what we are meeting today in this a way of the solution of social problems, which is frightful devaluation of the individual. The based on the keenest awareness of the value of things that have been happening in Germany, every individual in the sight of God. A Church Russia, Italy, are but a violent symptom of some- which reproduces in itself the racial cleavages, thing which is widespread in humanity and is the gross financial inequalities, the caste distinc- very manifest in America, though here it is kept tions, the perverted values which set more store partly in check and driven underground by a on the trappings of the altar and the choir than on stronger tradition of liberty, a liberty which has loving mercy and doing justly and walking in been far too much in the nature of license to flout awed obedience to a Holy Will of love at any cost, the very principles it professed to preserve. in view of the terrific forces which are sweeping This has its roots once again in the loss of the the world today, is an impotent irrelevancy. . . .

sense of the eternal as Holy Will, and the merging I do not see that a Christian message can enter of man in mere ongoing natural process. Never the modern scene with really powerful relevance was there a more pathetic and stupid fallacy than except it is prepared to be frankly eschatological that of humanism which supposes that you can in its outlook, as the New Testament is. By being exalt man by denying God;' in the end man be- eschatological in outlook I mean briefly what comes just an item in process and nothing mote" comes to expression in the epistle to the Hebrews to be treated as such by any tyrant who can win where the writer having exhorted his readers to power and persuade himself that the process is stand firm and absolute in their obedience to for the moment incarnate in himself. If I do not Christ come what may, adds: "for we have not derive my existence from God and my significance here an abiding city but we seek one which is to from His love, then I derive it simply from race, come." This again would be to escape from mon- and race can annul me whenever it wants. The ism into the thought that there is a Divine Will decapitations in Germany and shootings in Russia which, whilst it meets us in history, none the less are perfectly logical. But, mark you, the same transcends history in its ultimate consummation; attitude is to be observed in America, and in the wherefore we can commit ourselves wholly to it in churches. Many Christians take precisely the absolute obedience, no matter what folly it may same attitude to the execution of criminals; they appear to be in the eyes of the world.

feel great satisfaction that society "has been rid God's Concern for Man of such vermin." That is the same attitude at bottom, though in a more restrained form, as What a tremendously significant thing it is that of Goering and Stalin. A less polite name for after all, for you and me to affirm that God is it would be the "swat that fly" attitude. holy, personal, fatherly love, with an individual The Question of Social Reform concern for the personalities of all men and women, and on the basis of that affirmation to The relation of all this to social reform is that call upon one another to walk the way of love, we must take our choice between dedicating our- taking all the tasks, even unto the death of the selves to a Christian idea of social fellowship and cross. What folly it looks on the surface! Sit another idea which is opposed to it. Only we down and read history. The endless procession of must dedicate ourselves to it with the same abso- the generations, millions and millions of individ- lute devotion as the young Nazis. Christian Nazis uals born, suffering, dying; earthquakes, famines, have been surprised when I have pointed out that pestilences, men and women and children wiped a beehive or an ant hill is a perfect social unity, out like flies, Attila and his Huns sweeping across similar to the unity of Russia and Germany and Europe, Ghengis Khan and his bloody massacres, Italy, and doubtless a wonderful work of nature sin spreading a corrupting blight from generation

to generation! Look at the world today, say men it was not necessary to say how; for the moment of the world, and then tell us that God is love, and love was apparently defeated, but what is the ask us to live by love. moment? In His deep awareness of God He knew that in eternity, in the beyond of history, God's What can we say in reply? Only this, that we love was not defeated, that with Him alone was do not claim to understand or to justify the eternal the victory. So with quiet conviction He says: purpose of God in terms of what we can see hap- "hereafter ye shall see the Son of Man, the Crucipening on this narrow, transient stage of time. fied, sitting at the right hand of power, and com- God's purpose is too vast in its scope, too profound ing on the clouds of heaven." Do not let us miss in its meaning, too transcendent in its ultimate the deep meaning of that, because of the imagery glory to be measured by what we can see, or what in which it is expressed. It is the deep assured this world can hold. We have not here an abiding vision of one who sees right through the appearcity, but we seek one to come. Here we "see as in ances of terrestrial events to the transcendent vica glass darkly." If we can live by love and take tory of God. I do ask you to share the vision and all its risks and all its apparent defeats with a to have the peace and the power and the steadfastquiet mind and an unaltered loyalty, it is because ness which that vision alone can bring. Only as we live in the power of a world to come. Thus it we do so shall we be able to stand steadfastly for was with Jesus when He went to the cross. What the way of love in this troubled world; only so utter defeat that was to all outward appearance, shall we be able, if the call comes, to go forth to what triumph of the coarse insolences of worldly Him whom we call Master and Lord, without the power over the weakness of love! Yet Jesus knew camp, to Calvary, bearing His reproach, yet sharthat the victory was not with the crucifiers but ing also His joy. with the Crucified; He could not have said how; THE NEED OF THE HOUR* In the face of a world that is literally sliding towards hell with accelerated speed what shall the righteous do? How can the followers of Jesus Christ bring His spirit and His person to this sin-cursed generation? There is no short way. But the task now faced by the Church can never be done unless it is clearly recognized that there are thousands upon thousands of Christians who are such only in name. They do not believe and have never believed in the way of love even unto the Cross. Only a remnant believes this and upon that remnant God has placed the burden. But God's arm is not shortened in this day any more than it was in the days of Gideon. He can save by many or by few.

But it is not the many or the few that will do the saving. It will be God working through them. The great responsibility now upon these disciples of Christ, who see that this world with all its boasted science and humanitarianism is lost, is to bring Christ into the personal lives and the institutions of men. Only He can take away the lust for possessions and the lust for power which are the basic cause of all tyranny. Only He can give the drive and the courage to fight institutionalized wrong. Only He can give the ethical wisdom to penetrate all the sham and hypocrisy of the social order about us.

"Can ye drink of the cup that I drink of?" asked Jesus. Those early disciples said they could and to their eternal credit they did. But they drank of that cup, and His followers today can drink of it, only if their spirits are continually renewed by waiting upon God. This age is lost unless Christians are raised up who constantly renew their spirits in prayer. Spiritual strength demands spiritual discipline. The task is altogether too great for any man in his own unaided strength. But any man may be a vehicle for the Almighty.

The world can be saved if every Christian who sees the crisis of this civilization will face it with the utter consecration shown by the early Christians as they faced Rome. We know that it is only as we daily and systematically commune with the ever-living God that we can find strength and wisdom for the mighty task before us. To live creatively and triumphantly we must wait upon God. Those who seek the Kingdom will never find it unless they wait upon Him.

• Condensed from The Presbyterian Tribune, New York.

Years of the Turkish Republic*

-ell By the REV. J. KINGSLEY BIRGE, Istanbul, Turkey O N THE 29th of last October the Turkish was natural to leave the affairs of this world, as people celebrated the eleventh anniversary well as the next, to Him. Man's efforts to build of the founding of the Turkish Republic. his own world riot only seemed not worth while, No country has ever made as many revolutionary but even definitely irreligious.

changes in a similar period of time as has this On the other hand, there was the powerful influ- new Republic. ence of the more or less secretly organized dervish, In Turkey at least, the importance of the rela- or religious lodges.. Counting their members by tion of Christian missions to the present world the many thousands, an attitude of reverence for conditions can only be understood in the light of the miraculous powers of the grandmasters of the meaning of these changes. Even the past two these lodges led to a widespread belief in magic months have seen a social development in Turkey and superstition. Admirable as was the devotion of so radical a nature as to make the friend of of many earnest seekers after reality in these Turkey not only feel respect for the leadership lodges, the mental attitude they developed of su- being exercised in that land, but also cherish an perstitious belief in tombs and sacred places, of expectancy that anything may happen there. dependence upon unseen powers of a world of To understand the significance of the recent magic, made them hardly adapted to the social events in Turkey it is necessary to glance into the needs of the twentieth century. Back in the middle more distant past and note the state of affairs of the last century an Ottoman holding high office shortly before this interesting Republic was born. in the state made this remark to a friendly for- For centuries Turkey suffered under an abso- eigner: "Depend upon it, our ministers are laborlute monarch. The dynasty of Osman, beginning ing in vain and civilization will never penetrate with a succession of brilliant rulers, ended its into Turkey so long as the dervish lodges and the absolute sway with the thirty year's reign of tombs (of their holy men) remain standing." t Abdul Hamid. During those thirty years the The point of all these facts is that religion has rights of the people were in every way suppressed. in the minds of many of Turkey's leaders demon- Education was discouraged. Science, particularly strated its social ineffectiveness, even its positively all that was involved in the use of electricity, was harmful influence on human progress. viewed as positively dangerous. Not only the Born into such a world, under the able leader- Christians, but in some respects the Turks, suf- ship of Gazi Mustafa Kemal the Republic of Turfered under the absolutism of Abdul Hamid. key has attempted in the course of less than one When today the Turkish Republic is represented generation to bring about changes which western along with Greece, Bulgaria, Jugoslavia, Rumania Europe and America took centuries to effect. The and Albania in the Balkan Union, Turkey, in imposing array of reforms will perhaps be the common with the other nations feels she has won more impressive if I mention them as they ocher independence from the sway of the old Otto- curred year after year. In 1922 the Sultanate was abolished. man Empire. In those old days the part religion played was In 1923 the Lausanne Treaty was signed grantnot calculated to commend itself to the progres- ing the Turkish people a degree of equality with European nations which had never before been sive leaders of today. On the one hand were the recognized. In October of that year Turkey was teachings of orthodox Sunni Islam. A sublime declared a Republic. conception of one God, breeding a devotion both of belief and worship that is the admiration of the In 1924 two revolutionary changes took plac,e. friendly observer, served also to cultivate a fatal- The medressehs, or Mohammedan religious schools istic attitude toward all life, with a consequent were abolished, and the mekteps or schools mod- stifling of individual initiative. Since God was elled on the schools of the west, took their places. the all-powerful, creating both good and evil, it The Caliphate was also abolished, and the royal family was banished from the country. * An address delivered at the Foreign Missions Conference, Garden t Ubicini: "Letters on Turkey," 1856. I 108, City, New York, January, 19.15.

[ 118] The year 1925 saw three innovations each of a bridge the gulf between the city dweller and the kind to cause a complete revolution in the mental- peasant, an organized social attempt to get the ity of a large majority of the people. The fez, educated interested in the underprivileged man of long identified with their religion, was discarded, the remote village. and men were required by law to wear the headgear of the western world. The tekkes, or dervish In July, 1932, the Society for the Investigation lodges were closed, as were also the tombs which of the Turkish Language was organized, a society had in the past been objects of pious visitation. whose labors for two years are now making them- The calendar and system of keeping time were selves felt in Turkey in one of the greatest literary also changed to conform to the custom of the revolutions any nation has ever seen. European civilization. The fall months of 1934 have brought still more In 1926 complete new legal codes were adopted. reforms. The language has begun to change to a civil code influenced by Swiss laws, a penal code an unbelievable degree, as Arabic and Persian based on the Italian system and a commercial words are cast out and old Turkish words taken code taken from Germany and Italy. In 1926 the in their place. All titles of special respect have first statue in Turkey was unveiled. That began been abolished and a common title "Bay" for Mr. a new era in which the picture for the first time and "Bayan" for Miss or Mrs., have been adopted began to play its part as an influence in school for all, preceding the name, as with similar titles and home. in the west. A recent law has forbidden the wear- ing of clerical dress anywhere except in the place In 1927 the railroad from Ankara to Cesarea of worship, and this last month the constitution was opened, beginning a period of great railroad was amended so as to permit women to share on expansion under government control. Each year absolute equality with men in both voting and has shown progress in the efficiency with which standing for election as members of Parliament. these railroads are run. Two Basic Turkish Ideas In 1928 the constitution was amended to strike out the clause that said that the religion of the Hiding behind this very formidable array of State was Islam. Henceforth in theory, and in- reforms, each with its interesting possibilities, creasingly in practice, a complete separation was are two very basic ideas. One is that if Turkey to exist between religion and the State. In May is to take her place among the leading civilized of 1928 the international numbers were adopted, nations of the world she must somehow or other and in November the incredibly radical move was cast off, not so much the clothes of the past, as made of substituting for immediate use in all pub- the complete mentality of the past. In place of lications of a new phonetic Turkish alphabet the religious mentality of the past with its tendmodelled on the Latin alphabet of the west, and ency toward fatalism and consequent quietism in taking the place of the difficult Arabic alphabet its highest expression, and toward superstition of the previous centuries. and magic in its cruder manifestation, there must be spread abroad the new mentality of the West, In 1929 national schools were opened for adults a belief in natural law and in man's capacity to and the whole nation gave itself to the Herculean shape his own life. task of learning to read in the new Turkish letters. Apparently inconsistent with this almost whole- In 1931 all elementary education was limited sale taking over what they conceived to be the best to Turkish government schools. The law was an of western civilization has been operating all the expression of the belief that education of the time the second great basic force, namely, nationyoung was a primary duty and opportunity of the alism. Itself an importation from the west, na- State. It was also a witness of the great progress tionalism has established itself in Turkey as that had been made in what is perhaps the Turk- strongly as in any country. Peaceable in its forish Republic's most fundamental aim-the edu- eign policy, desiring no aggression toward any cation of all the people. foreign power, Turkey is nevertheless very deter- minedly equipping herself for adequate self-de- In April, 1931, a new law inaugurated the use fense. In her development of a more purely of the international system of measurements by Turkish culture she is turning her eyes to the meters and kilos, although this law was only fully ancient past. Convinced that the earliest civiliapplied in 1934. zations came out of Central Asia, her own home- land, the Turks are being educated to feel that In April, 1931, the People's Party took over the they should be leaders, not so much in war as in full responsibility for operating all over the coun- the civilized ways of peace. . . . try People's Houses, Halk Evleri. The social and recreational needs of the common people were The Turkey which I have tried to sketch briefly thus recognized. One of the encouraging features is the background against which we must try to of these houses was the Department of Village Life, which was organized in them, an attempt to

understand modern Christian missions in this day, is not calculated to make him place the Chris- country. The probability is that the virile leader- tian religion among those useful elements in ship being offered the world today by Turkey will western civilization which he desires.

be followed in many respects by other countries The picture, however, has its brighter side.

as well, especially of the Moslem world. The Foremost is the undoubted fact that Turkish lead- situation in Turkey therefore is of peculiar sig- ers are eagerly studying our civilization to find nificance. every socially useful element in order that they From the missionary point of view there are may import it into their rapidly-awakening land.

two sides to the picture. The dark side shows a . The second factor on the bright side is there only resentment springing from their nationalism if an affirmative answer can be given to a question against every effort by foreigners to influence that strikes at the very heart of our faith: Can their way of living. Any attempt to convert them the religion of Jesus Christ function through mod- tends to defeat that purpose, for it sets people ern missions in such a way as to give expression against what, if left alone, they might have looked to absolutely disinterested goodwill? Is Christi- upon with favor. A second element on the dark anity Christianity only when it is taught by word side is that religion has gained for itself in Tur- of mouth, or is Christianity truly expressive of key a bad name. Mohammedanism has shown Christ's own spirit when, under conditions where itself as a reactionary force, and what the aver- propaganda will defeat its purpose, it seeks to live age Turk has been able to see of Christianity, as in self-forgetting abandonment in service of God's it has worked in Europe and America, not only in children as with very great sincerity they search the Crusades but in the recent World War and in the surface of the earth to find what forces will the social disorders and inj ustices of the present build a better Turkey?

TERSE TRUTHS ABOUT STEWARDSHIP When a man becomes rich, God gains a partner or the man loses his soul. *** Stewardship puts the Golden Rule in business in place of the rule of gold. *** Not how much of my money will I give to God, but how much must I use for myself? * * .* "I will place no value on anything I have except in relation to the Kingdom of Christ." *** The Kingdom of God can never be established by "raising money," but it cannot be ex- tended without sharing money.

*** Give, not from the top of your purse, but from the bottom of your heart.

*** He is no fool who parts with what he cannot keep, and so obtains what he will not lose.

*** The unconsecrated wealth of Christians is the greatest hindrance to the progress of Christ's Church.

*** Jesus teaches that a man's attitude to the Kingdom of God is revealed by his attitude to his property.

*** Diligent earning makes an industrious man; wise spending, a well-furnished man; pro- portionate saving, a prepared man; Christlike giving, a blessed man.

Little children, in a spasm of generosity, often give to those whom they love some posses- sion, and take it back again; or use it without reference to the ownership they had conferred. It is thus that too many Christians act towards Christ. They ask Him to consider all their. possessions as His; but within an hour they spend as if they were as much their own as ever. They determine how much to give to some Christian cause without once asking Him what He desires them to give.-THE REV. F. B. MEYER.

-Sayings from many sources quoted by the Laymen Company, Chicago.

Years of Cooperation in Chosen*

By the REV. C. A. CLARK, Ph.D., D.D., I~- Pyengyang, Chosen ~==============================~, THE last hundred years have been preemi- groups of Methodist missionaries and believers nently years of competition throughout the into one great Korean Methodist Church, the world, in business life, national life and movement which was consummated in 1930; secchurch life. There are undoubtedly many advan- ondly, the growing together from the beginning of tages in competition in stirring men to do their the work of the four Presbyterian missions into very best, and the world is full of good things their one National Church, fully organized in which we would not have obtained except for com- 1907; and the third item, the territorial divisions petition. We have discovered by hard experience, between the two churches consummated in 1909, however, that with men constituted as they are just twenty-six years ago.

and as selfish as they are, unrestrained competi- Those three are the greatest movements. We tion often means the crushing of the weak, and the may add to them the various specific items of taking advantage of accidentally acquired rights union or cooperation in various movements and to deprive others of even their natural rights. Be- institutions. Among those we may mention the cause of these things the world today seems de- following: termined to abolish competition or, at least, to 1. As TO MOVEMENTS: put it under severe restrictions, such that we may get from it its benefits and not have to take its Cooperation in the production and distribution of evils. Literature.

I suppose that there is no place in human ac- The Presbyterian and Methodist Councils. The Federal Council.

tivity where unrestrained competition is more in- The National Council. excusable than between two churches, where each Early movements for making Educational work is equally evangelical in its teaching. We have seen that illustrated all over America to an aston- uniform-the Senate. ishing extent, five or six churches sometimes in Work for Koreans in Japan. Sunday School and other Religious Education work.

a town of less than 1,000 people, or half a dozen Union Medical Association and the Nurses' Assochurches in a city, all with palatial buildings, all ciation.

within a block or so of one another, all half empty II. As TO INSTITUTIONS: and all living at a poor dying rate. Korea has The Chosen Christian College in Seoul. been wonderfully blessed from the beginning in The Union Christian College in Pyengyang. having relatively so little destructive competition The Severance Union Medical College.

of this type. The Ewa College for Women, Seoul. The Union M. E. Theological Seminary in Seoul. When we speak of cooperation in Korea, we The Union Presbyterian Seminary in Pyengyang. necessarily refer to Methodist-Presbyterian coop- The P'ierson Memorial Bible Institute in Seoul.

eration. Other denominations, with one excep- The Christian Literature Society.

tion, did not come into the country during the first Union Hospitals in Seoul and Pyengyang. quarter century of its missionary history. It is a Tai Wha Community Center, Seoul.

matter of deep regret that, when they did come, A. Territorial Division.

none of them were willing to consider territorial To my mind the greatest step ever taken on division or to join the Federal Council or like ac- cooperation lines, as between our two great detivities. It is a matter for great thankfulness, on nominations, was the territorial division of 1909. the other hand, that they did not feel called upon, I do not believe that very many of us here realize except in a few and somewhat recent cases, to what a marvelous thing that has been for all our carryon distinctly competitive activities. work during all of these last twenty-five years. I visited a mission field a year ago where sixty de- As to Methodist-Presbyterian cooperation, the nominations and organizations are at work, with outstanding items for all of the years have been scarcely a vestige of comity or cooperation, and three: first, the gradual combination of the two • From The Korea Mission Field, October, 1934. my heart wept for them. There are over 100 de- [121 ]

nominations in China working with relatively few merely Methodists and Presbyterians that watched comity arrangements. The actual total available their step when they met one another in those force of Christian workers in those countries is early days. I've heard the fathers of our work large enough to quit€ fairly cover their whole tell how, when they were forming their first orfield if all the force were used unitedly and co- ganizations, even Presbyterians looked at Presbyoperatively. As it is, possibly a third or even a terians and Methodists at Methodists to be sure half of the force's vitality is used in duplicate or that something was not being put over on them. competitive activity. What a lot of suspicious folks we are anyway! God has been good, however, and, within our sev- When division of mission territory in Korea eral groups, at least, we have gradually come to was actually signed, we could meet one another trust one another absolutely, and the two groups without automatically putting ourselves mentally have also grown together a long way. in an attitude of self-defence. We could rejoice heartily in every victory of our neighbors across C. Council of Protestant Missions. the dividing lines, for their work and ours were one in the most practical possible way. We speak Dr. H. G. Underwood used to tell how in Janof dividing lines but a better name would be uary, 1886, only a few months after he and the "unifying lines," for real heart' unity became pos- Appenzellers and Scrantons arrived, all of the sible through this division of the field. When I two groups met in a prayer service and asked God am willing to trust my brother with half of the to give them souls that very year for their hire. field and believe that he will evangelize it in as Missionary cooperation in Korea began in the one good or better a way than I could, that is real way which will always be effective, cooperation on unity. If we had tried to force organic union we our knees before the Throne. might have secured an external superficial union, with no real union of hearts. As the work developed, there were many in- stances of cooperation between the two Churches. Many times in the last twenty-five years our As early as 1893, there was a set of Comity Rules Korean brethren on each side of the lines have drawn up as a general guide. In 1905, we form€d wanted to break through. The grass outside the the General Evangelical Council. It looked as pasture always appears to be sweeter than any- though there would be almost at once one single thing inside the fence. We've had very few such union Church in Korea. Our Committees wrote breakings forth and they have always been for us a possible Polity and a suggested Creed. quickly corrected. It is a marvel that we have Then the two Korean Churches were founded and not had a hundred times more breakings through. our hour of opportunity was gone. And yet what possible excuse could any of us have given to our Lord if we had broken through when We've had our Federal Council, however, for everyone of us had within his own boundaries far nearly twenty years and it would be difficult to more than he could ever evangelize within his life over-estimate what it has done for us all. Sometime? times, when we come to this Council, there are not very many live subjects up for debate, and we As these recurrent movements for breaking wonder if it is all worth while. We've already down our division lines have come from time to cut down our voting membership because we time, I have trembled a bit for what might happen thought that it cost too much. If we ever stop some day. A new generation is with us which this Council I believe that it will be a disaster to has nev€r learned the wastefulness and the heart- all our work. We can learn to like people and breaks that go with unrestricted competition in work with them only if we know them. Wholly religious work. I do not think that there is any apart from the many important actions which we greater service that our missionary body can do take here year after year as a body, in relation to our Korean Churches than to teach and reteach, to the Government, or in connection with social to emphasize and reemphasize, what the Lord has or educational or evangelistic movements, the done for Korea on territorial division lines. Only Council pays enormous dividends in making the evil one himself could possibly get an atom, friendships and bringing mutual understandings. of profit from the breaking of those lines. D. The National Council of Churches. E. Organic Union. This Council was our next large venture in co- The second important step that we have taken operation, and it ought to do for our Korean in cooperation was the gradual gathering together friends what the Federal Council has done for us of the two Methodist groups in their Council and and more.' Many of us have not given of ourthen into organic union, and the similar gathering selves enough as yet to make that Council what it of the Presbyterian groups in their Council and ought to be. For the last two or three years, in then in their self-governing Church. It wasn't spite of the many useful actions which that Coun-

1935J FIFTY YEARS OF COOPERATION IN CHOSEN

cil has taken, the groups seem to be growing same time show the benefits of all forms of coop- apart. We need to get into that Council in the eration. Briefly, those benefits as I see them, are spirit of Dr. Underwood's prayer of 1886, and as follows: must do it at once or that Council will fail. 1. There has been a great saving in working E. The Work for Koreans in Japan. force through territorial division. Each Church having but half the field to cover has not needed This work is now being reported to the Na- so many workers and ha~ been able to work its tional Council but it existed long before that field more intensively, with a smaller force.

Council was thought of, and is one of our out- 2. There has been an immense financial saving standing adventures in cooperation, in evangelism. in salaries and buildings and other forms of equip- The work began as a united work in 1912 and has ment.

therefore been running for 22 years. The six 3. There has been an immense increase in effi- Missions in Korea and the two Korean Churches. ciency for every active worker caused by the realong with the Canadian Presbyterian Church's lief from tension which everyone used to feel Mission in Japan and about ten of the Japan Mis- when he had to be on the defensive all the time sions, have cooperated in this work. During this against his brethren. last year three missions have been compelled to withdraw their support and all cooperating 4. There has been a great increase of mutual agencies have diminished their gifts, so we've had confidence and love and we've been able to pray to recall two of our three men there and diminish unreservedly for one another as we could not do the work by 50%. That work could never have before we had the divisions. begun except for cooperation. It would have been a crime to have put two denominational churches 5. Each of our great Churches has been able to there in the early years and to have each of those work out its own unique policies unhindered and ten Japan Missions running small groups of local then each has been able to share with his neigh- Koreans in each of their several neighborhoods. bor the benefits of his free experimentation. By uniting we have built up a strong Church of some fifty congregations, and we have ten pastors 6. Each of our groups has been able to use disthere and a dozen or more other salaried workers. cipline in the work of training the believers, and It is easy in that Church to see the benefits of thereby maintain standards and ideals of conduct cooperation. which would otherwise have been impossible.

7. Each of our groups has been able to develop its own theological standards and to adapt them to this Eastern world without interference.

F. Cooperation in Religious Education. 8. Each group has had the spur of brotherly competition across the line where our activities In the 1925 National Sunday School Conven- have run parallel, and each in his own field could tion it was reported that we had 121,000 enrolled try to excel the victories of his brother without in all the Sunday schools of Korea. In 1929, taking anything from him. 254,000 were reported, a gain of over 100%. In 1933, 369,000 were enrolled, again a gain of over 9. Each group has had the advantage of disin- terested brotherly criticism from across the line 50 %. It is not difficult to see the benefits of co- when he has grown slack in his activities.

operation. These are a few of the great benefits coming Two years ago the subsidy received by the from the sorts of cooperation which we have had in Korea. We should give thanks every day for Korea Sunday School Association from America these blessings which the Lord has given to us. was largely withdrawn, so that each of our denominations has been thrown upon its own resources and we have had to set up denominational Boards tl of our own. For a large part of the work, how- KAGAWA',S WISH, , ever, we stin have cooperation, as to lessons prep- I want to be ever a chHd. . '.' aration, conventions, the Children's Magazine, etc., and we hope that the new arrangement may I want to feel an eternal friendship flf>tthe rainnot imperil the many benefits which we have al- drops, the flowers, the insects~ the. srtowflakes.

ready received. I want to be keenly interested in everything, with mind and muscle ever alert, forgetting my G. Cooperation in Institutions. troubles in the next moment.·, , The benefits of cooperation in colleges and med- The stars and the sea, the ponds and the trees, ical work are too obvious to catalog. I think, however that we can realize especially what the the birds and the animals are my comrades. benefits 'are that have come from territorial division. In indicating those benefits, we at the Though my muscles may stiffen, though my skin may wrinkle, may I never find myself yawning at life. '

and Communism in Japan*

By HELEN TOPPING Secretary to Dr. T oyohiko Kagawa TAST year a granddaughter of the famous attitude, but not fully understanding the Christian L Prince Iwakura was imprisoned on a charge way, she came again to be taught. Dr. Kagawa of communism. After her release she com- told her of a young man, employed in one of the mitted suicide. In happy contrast to this tragedy University Students Cooperatives, who had also is the story of the young woman whom I found been arrested and imprisoned as a communist sus- talking with Dr. Kagawa. She had been waiting pect. He came to report his complete change of since early morning to see him, for a stream of heart and to apologize for having caused Dr.

callers had occupied him. She wished plenty of Kagawa such embarrassment. Many young peo- time, and he intended to give her all she needed. ple go through the same experience. Dr. Kagawa For she had recently been released from more said: "The Christian way is very unpopular with than a year's imprisonment for communism. She the young people because it does not have revolu- was arrested when about half way through her tion in it. But this is the way that all must come course at the Woman's Higher Normal School. As to eventually for real economic reconstruction.

a day pupil, she had been very useful to the com- There is no other way."

munists' organization in carrying communications to and from the school. Even her younger sister, though quite ignorant of what she was carrying, WE ARE MAKING GOD'S NEW WORLDt was expelled from her school because she had a By REV. JAY H. SMITH, Belgaum communist paper in her possession which she had been asked to deliver. The elder sister was also Come forth, ye men of every race and nation! converted to communism through her Normal- We are making God's new world for all the sons of men; Our hearts unite in daring expectation, School sister and was imprisoned for a time, then· For the matchless Lord of Life doth tread this earth again. Behold, He comes as first He came released because of her recantation. The father To write upon the hearts of men in words of living flame is an agriculturalist with a doctor's degree. He His Spirit of Heroic Love, raises dahlias, but the dahlias have not been sell- That one redemptive purpose through this age may move! ing well recently and the family had great hopes of this brilliant daughter when, after graduation, Awake, 0 sons of privilege and power, she could earn a good salary as a teacher. They For the dispossessed of earth to God for justice cry! were making every sacrifice to help her through Let eager hands restore their rightful dower her education. When she plunged them all into Lest the clamour of our greed His Providence deny. The last, the least, the lost are ours; such dire distress, the mother came in tears to Mrs. To their emancipation we devote our ardent powers.

Kagawa who gave her Dr. Kagawa's books to read While they are bound can we be free? and told her to tell the two sisters in prison that The knights of service choose the nobler liberty.

there was a better way of solving social problems We build a world of justice fired with love, than through communism. When the elder sister Where the common good inspires the deep concern of all; was released, Mrs. Kagawa arranged for her to go Where Christly spirits through our markets move, to Dr. Kagawa's Farmers' Gospel School near And all our councils own His Kingdom's sovereign call; Kobe where she helped with serving the meals. A world of truth, a world of good, The girl returned transformed, saying she had A world where beauty's symphony is crowned in brothernever in her life had such a happy time. Now, hood; For this we live, for this we die, through Kagawa's introduction, she is serving at And blending strength with Strength Divine we bring it nigh. the Imperial University Y. M. C. A.

The second sister was not so easily converted. Though lust of power may shake its sinews gory She told Dr. Kagawa that even though her mother We hold ourselves for Thee all loyalties above.

did tell her, while in prison, of the Christian way Though storms of hate may rage in empty glory of saving society, she had been stubborn and not In the splendor of the Dawn we see Thy cross of love. impressed. Since her release, however, she has With healing rays it gleams afar, been attending church, and having personal con- And radiates its deathless hope from star to flaming star. tact with Dr. Kagawa. A change has come in her We march with Thee where martyrs trod, Till all the sons of men become the sons of God.

• From The Kagawa Fellowship Bulletin. t Reprinted from The Baptist MiSSionary Review, India.

[124 ]

Present,Day Problems in Missions*

-..ufll By DELAVAN L. PIERSON llJie– PROBLEMS, difficult problems, are among the teaching and products. But there is one cause . factors that make life worth living. Even for encouragement – we are not content with great disappointments may prove to be God's things as they are, even in America, and we are appointments to point out the way He would have trying with God's help to solve our problems and us go. Every age has its problems, its crises and to better conditions. its critics who think everything is wrong and doomed to failure, unless we follow the critic's Christian missions, in America and overseas, advice. There are today problems in interna- have always· presented an abundance of difficultional affairs and in national life, the youth prob- ties and problems, and never more so than today. lem, crime wave problem, marriage problem, We will consider only a few related to foreign church problem, economic and social problems, work. Home missions have equally important missionary problems. They are a sign of life and problems and difficulties of their own, which are make life interesting. worthy of special study.

Some of our difficulties and failures are due to Fifty years ago there was a recognized crisis in ignorance, some to lack of energy, some to narrow foreign missions. This was due to the fact that views, or the fact that we are too much occupied there were many and great unevangelized fields, with petty, unimportant activities. For the solu- while the forces to occupy them were woefully inion of any great problem we need a clear vision of adequate. At the same time there was prospect God and His will for mankind. We also need a of rich harvests if we could take advantage of comprehensive view of the world-its needs and open doors. The opposition of most non-Chrisopportunities; we need a true conception of the ti,an governments and the hostile attitude of nongoal toward which we are working; and we should Christian religious leaders also called for earnest know how to use the forces available. What a prayer and generous support to overcome the wonderful help it would be if, in the midst of the difficulties. There were few volunteers for forstruggle, we could sometimes detach ourselves and eign service and funds were lacking to carry on view the conflict from the outside to gain perspec- the work. There was great need to arouse the tive and proportion and a right estimate of values! Church at home before it was too late. There were then less than 10,000 Protestant missionaries and In Benares, India, I went through the bazaar the total money given annually to the work abroad with the Rev. J. Chadwick Jackson who has mar- was not more than ten million dollars. That crisis ried an Indian wife and has become as an Indian was met with Christian courage and devotion. to the Indians that he may win them for Christ. The Church was aroused to pray and give and We stopped at a shop to look at some trinkets and send. In answer to prayer and faithful witnessthe Indian shopkeeper recognizing me as a stran- ing new doors opened, hostility decreased, the ger, asked Mr. Jackson (speaking in Urdu which number of volunteers multiplied, the Student Vol- I did not understand) : unteer Movement was organized, and the foreign missionary force more than doubled. Later the "Where does this man come from ?" awakening of the laymen caused gifts to flow into "From America," replied Mr. Jackson. mission treasuries so that the annual receipts in- "Oh, that is hell," said the shopkeeper. creased more than fourfold. New interest was "Why so?" asked my friend, wondering how awakened and spread throughout the Church as clearly the Indian understood conditions in Amer- a result of increased knowledge disseminated ica. through the Ecumenical Conference in 1900. "Well," said the shopkeeper, "they tell us America is down there" (pointing down), "and hell is Today we face a new crisis, and a different also down there, so they must be the same." series of problems in foreign mission work. Some At times we are tempted to think the Indian of these are due to changes at home and others to was not far wrong and we can see why, holding changes on the fi·eld. Let us look at only four or this view, Indians may hesitate to accept our five.

be: t9;~3/ead at the meeting of Philadelphia Presbytery. Novem- 1. There are still unevangelized fields such as the large areas in Central Africa, Central Asia, [125 ]

the interior of South America and the great island particular task. Any talent or training that better of New Guinea. The number of non-Christians fits a man to win others to Christ is desirable.

is greater today than it was fifty years ago, though Others are of doubtful value to a missionary. If the proportion of Christians is larger. But the there is ever a choice between sending out Christ- greatest problem today is how to evangelize the like Spirit-filled evangelists who are not highly un-Christian areas in the life of every nation and trained technically, or sending as missionaries every individual. How are we to bring Christ those who are well equipped mentally and with into control of politics and education, business technical skill, but who lack in spiritual qualifica- and pleasures, social life and the home? Even the tions, we do not hesitate to say that the former Church, in many cases, needs to be evangelized. are far preferable and more effective. In fact the This can only be done through the regeneration latter should not be sent in any case. If a man has of the individual. Godless communism, socialism not experienced the "new birth"; if he has not and other misguided philosophies are today clos- clearly heard the call of God to witness for Him; ing doors that were formerly open to Christian if he has not a true love for the souls of men and evangelists. We need, not less evangelism, but a keen sense of their need for Christ as Saviour more than fifty years ago. New conditions pre- and Lord, then we have no business to send such sent new problems and call for earnest prayer a man, no matter what the need or what his other and sacrificial devotion to the cause of Christ, qualifications. But we occasionally met well-edu- with a clear conviction of men's need for Him. cated missionaries on the field who seemed to feel The Problem of Personnel uninterested in meeting with other missionaries for prayer and some confessed their failure to 2. Linked to this is the problem of how to en- speak to non-Christians about their need for list more adequate missionary forces for the work. Christ as Saviour. In one mission college, an The quality of the personnel is always a most im- earnest Indian Christian was asked about the in- portant factor in any enterprise – commercial, fluence of the missionary teachers in winning stu- business or religious. While the number of work- dents to Christ. He replied: ers is still woefully inadequate for the task, the "The former president did much personal work, greatest problem is to secure young men and for that was his chief aim in life. He made a women spiritually equipped for the work. The practice of speaking to each student at least once Student Volunteer Movement and other agencies' a year, tactfully presenting the claims of Christ.

have rendered remarkable service and yet forty The result was seen in the attitude of the faculty ye~rs' study of this subject, and observations at and in the whole student body. They thought that home and on the field, convince me that undue if this meant so much to the president, whom they emphasis has often been placed on the need for honored for his learning and his loving service, specialized intellectual and vocational training for then it must be very important." The president particular phases of the work and too little em- who succeeded him was very capable but was so phasis on the prime need for spiritual equipment busy with organization, with finances, and with and experience before workers are sent to the field. lectures and surveys and reports, that he had little On the foreign field I met missionaries of over or no time for personal Christian work. The re- twenty-five denominational boards and independ- sults were manifest.

ent societies. One – not a Presbyterian – when Thank God there are many mission colleges like asked about the spiritual results of the work, an- those at Teheran, Persia, and Pyengyang, Korea, swered rather impatiently: "I have nothing to do that still put evangelism and Christian training with that. I'm not an evangelist; I am an edu- first where it belongs, while educational standards cationalist." are not neglected. There are many mission hos- Thank God, I believe this feeling is not general pitals, like that founded by Dr. William Wanless but it is present in some whom the churches at in West India, where the doctor's first interest is ,home have sent out as messengers of Christ. We in the eternal welfare of his patients, while at the believe that a missionary doctor should be a same time he lovingly and skilfully ministers to 'skilled and devoted physician and surgeon, and their physical needs. Would to God that this that a missionary teacher should be as good a could be said of every mission hospital and every teacher as possible for the pupils under his or her educational institution! How to make our institu- care; but the great problem today is to find and tional work truly Christian and at the same 'time send well qualified doctors, nurses, teachers, and effectively evangelistic is one of the present-day social workers who are at the same time and pri- problems.

marily effective evangelists; whose first and high- 3. Another present-day problem is presented in est aim is to win people to Christ by life and per- the development of indigenous churches on the sonal witness, as well as by serving at their own mission fields. Fifty years ago most of these were

PRESENT-DAY PROBLEMS IN MISSIONS

young, feeble and struggling; almost none was tional mission work. There has been a tendency self-supporting or self-governing. Their prob- in the past quarter of a century to build up large lems were problems of infancy and childhood. and more or less elaborate institutions that ap- Today they have grown in numbers, strength and peal to large givers at home and to the governinfluence. Many are independent. But with ments on the field but that sometimes tend to comgrowth have come new problems-,–the problems of promise and are not effective as evangelizing youth. They desire independence but are with- agencies. On our recent world tour, we visited out the experience and training to make that bene- over one hundred and fifty missions of forty difficial. Many of their leaders ask to be supported ferent societies in twenty-eight countries. We by foreign funds but wish to control their own saw some mission institutions built like palaces affairs. With increased membership, factions at great expense-an evidence of faith and genhave asiren to divide the churches. In South India erosity on the part of the founders, but of doubt- -and even in the north-some congregations have ful wisdom from a missionary point of view. perpetuated the Hindu caste system. We were They put American missions in the limelight, and told of one congregation of low caste Christians their equipment compares well in some respects that refused to allow their pastor to serve con- with similar institutions in America but they are verts from the "untouchables." When a request too far above the level of the people they serve was made to allow "outcaste" Christians to use and could not be maintained by them if foreign their church for worship, the caste members set funds are withdrawn. fire to the homes of these outcastes by way of protest. Even in Korea, that banner field, there is When missionaries first went to these nontoday a growing division between the Presby- Christian lands they offered the only opportunities terians of the Northern and Southern Missions. to the people for modern education. Schools were Each desires control. This is not a simple prob- established to teach people to read the Bible and lem and can only be solved when the Spirit and to prepare them for service. Today the national Mind of Christ have full sway. schools and universities are offering high grade secular education and missionary institutions are Correcting Our Mistakes required to meet government standards. In order to do this, and to receive government subsidies, We realize that mistakes have been made in most of the higher educational institutions, and producing and perpetuating on the foreign fields some lower grade mission schools, are obliged to denominational organization, ideals, ritual, and employ a majority of non-Christian teachers, to methods that have their roots, not in the New fill their rolls with non-Christian students, to in- Testament, but in Occidental lands. We recognize crease expense for up-to-date equipment, and the foolishness of having an American-Chinese- even to compromise in their missionary purpose Dutch-Reformed Church and we all cherish the and Christian teaching. Many of these educational ideal of one United Christian Church. Yet union institutions are so largely made up of non-Chrisand even close cooperation – on the field or at tians that they can with difficulty be recognized as home-present their own problems, when efforts missionary projects, though the Christian spirit are made to unite all churches in a given field, the of helpfulness clearly actuates their Christian basis of union sometimes leaves out what many teachers. Some of the short-term workers sent believe to be important elements of our faith- out from America have proved a positive handicap such as the final authority of the Christian Scrip- from a missionary point of view since they are tures; the necessity for the atonement of Christ not primarily actuated by the missionary motive. on the Cross; or the regeneration of the indi- One Chinese Christian wrote home from the vidual. The present-day problem of the church Christian university he was attending: on the field is the problem of maintaining sound, intelligent faith in a harmonious body, with true "Pray for me. This pla,ce is so comfortable that evidence of spiritual life and growth. How.to I am being spoiled for the hardships of Christ's cooperate with other Christians – without com- work in the interior. There is so little prayer here promise-this problem must be solved through that my spiritual life is in danger of being acceptance of the Bible as our standard of faith starved." and practice, with earnest prayer for the guidance of the Holy Spirit, and by faith working through We do not quote this incident as typical but it love. Formal organic union without spiritual illustrates the problem. unity is worse than useless. This is sometimes proved in individual churches and presbyteries at Today the governments of China, Turkey, home. Japan, Persia, Mexico and other lands are threat- ening to take over all educational work, bringing 4. Related to this problem is that of institu- the mission schools and colleges under national control, obliging them to omit religious instruction (certainly in the lower grades), ;:1.nd in some cases

positively requiring them to teach non-Christian 5. How to awaken and maintain missionary in- or anti-Christian ideals and doctrines. In Mexico terest in the home church is another great prob- every building used for education is declared to lem today, as it always has been. Formerly only be government property and the work conducted those Christians most vitally concerned with spir- therein must conform to government standards, itual things, and with the eternal destiny of the which are increasingly anti-Christian. We can human soul, had any interest in foreign mission- see where this will lead when governments are ary work. When missions became more popular, communistic and anti-religious. It is a modern the philanthropic motive was emphasized, many problem. Has not too much money been expended young people responded to the call to go to the and are not too many workers and too much mis- field to train men's minds and save their bodies sionary energy put into large institutions on the without much reference to their souls. The early field. They seem to have absorbed strength that missionaries-like Carey and Morrison, Verbeck should be put into the primary work of making and Livingstone-did not overlook the need for Christ known and in training Christians for His saving the whole man, body, mind and soul, both service among their own people. When a cut in for time and eternity, but to them the soul was the mission budget is necessary, the evangelistic supreme. The change in theological views at home work usually suffers most because the institu- is largely responsible for the change in the main tional work is more complicated and more difficult missionary motive and the lessening of mission- to curtail. ary interest. How can we secure and send out Equipment VS. Life consecrated missionaries, eager to win people to An example of the relation of evangelism to Christ and depending on the leadership and power elaborate institutional programs is illustrated in of the Holy Spirit, when some colleges and even the case of two missions working in the same ter.. seminaries in America teach that regeneration is ritory-one denominational and one independent not necessary, that Jesus is divine only in a larger -and plenty of room for both. A denominational degree than other men, that there was no necesmissionary wished to reach out to evangelize more sity for Christ's atonement for sin, and that after unoccupied territory. His board – which is not all the Bible is a series of human documents, far extravagant – replied that no funds were avail- from an infallible guide; that human judgment able for additional workers and new stations:, must decide on what is true or false. Why should The missionary resigned, joined an independent people at home make sacrifices to go or send if mission on a lower salary and soon went out to the they do not believe in Christ as their Saviour and field with nineteen new missionaries to establish Lord and also that He is the only hope for sufferten new stations. Is there not a temptation to ing and sinning humanity? The Church at home spend too much money to "dig in" for the sake of must be convinced as to the infallibility of the Word of God if we are to have any enthusiasm what we consider permanency? While it is im- about sending out messengers to give the essential portant to establish some strong centers and to Good News to others. How can we expect the men do thorough work, we are too often inclined to of our churches to be interested in missions if they insist that denominational work shall be done on are not fully surrendered Christians and if they too elaborate a scale, sometimes with equipment are not informed Christians. Many of them do and salaries that do not call for enough sacrificial not even hear one missionary address a year and service. Are we not in danger of making the mis- read no missionary books or magazines! They takes of thinking that substantial equipment rep- are simply ignorant on the subject and read more resents permanent and substantial work-both in our churches at home and abroad? The building anti-missionary stuff than tpey read articles that of a new and elaborate church building too often are well-informed. The same is true of the youth. is coincident with a decline in spiritual effective- The communists today, though misguided, set us ness. The one thing most essential for perman- an example of devotion to their cause by their conence and strength in mission work is spiritual vi- viction and passion and self-sacrifice. They study tality. Without that any work is dead; with that, and go out to propagate their views even at the and the guidance and blessing of God, any work, risk of their lives.

however small and poorly equipped, is worthwhile One church in America which, when it was and is sure to succeed. The first Century missions small and- growing and worshiping in a small were conducted with the most primitive organiza- chapel, undertook to support a missionary at a tion and equipment and at a minimum of expense, real sacrifice. Their pastor was a missionary- and yet the results show the power of God and the minded leader. They prayed and studied and gave wisdom of God. The present-day decline in mis- generously. God blessed them. When under a sionary income has, in many cases, proved a real new pastor they built a large church and their spiritual blessing. budget for local expenses increased fivefold, their

missionary ardor cooled and some began to say, the relation of foreign mIssIOnaries to national "we give too much to the heathen, we need to look workers, and problems of how to develop an inafter our heavy expenses at home." The Church digenous Christianity that will be vitally Chrisbecame sick and weak and showed their need for tian in faith, spirit and activity, but unhampered "the missionary diet." If we are not interested by foreign paraphernalia. in saving others we are scarcely worth being saved. There is a church in Cleveland, with a The early Church had its problems and made pastor who has no stated salary and receives about mistakes. Every Epistle of the New Testament, $2,000 a year, but that church supports twelve as well as the Acts and Revelation, deals frankly missionaries and most of the money comes in small with them, but the Apostles of Christ were not gifts from people who are poor in this world's discouraged-neither are we for, like them, we begoods but rich in faith and love and good works. lieve in Jesus Christ as our Lord and Saviour; we believe in the Holy Spirit as our Guide and *** Helper, and we believe that in proportion as we are "steadfast and unmovable, always abounding We might mention many other problems were in the work of the Lord, our labor is not in vain there time. There are the problems of missionary in the Lord." administration, at home and on the field; the problem of how to develop a missionary minded- (The second part of this paper deals with ness in the rising generation; the problem of the "Some Present-Day Encouragements in Foreign relation of missions to governments; problems of Missions." It will appear in our April number.) SOME JAPANESE IDEAS OF CHRISTIANITY In a Japanese magazine, edited by a Japanese Congregational minister of Tokyo, two questions were asked: 1. In what points is Christianity superior to other religions?

2. What is the greatest mission of Christianity to modern Japan?

Here are some of the answers, mostly to the first question: Naoshi Kato, editor of the Kuristikyo Sekai (Christian World) says: "Christianity emphasizes the value and dignity of personality. Religiously, morally, politically and literally, we lack this emphasis."

Professor Keiji Ashida, of Doshisha College: "We lack today a strong religious faith with ethical colors, and a strong idea of personality. Christianity must supply these."

The late Bishop Honda, of the Methodist Church: "The belief in God's fatherhood and man's sonship."

Masanori Oshima (not a Christian), editor of an educational review: "In doctrines, Christianity is not superior to Buddhism. But Christianity is far more ethical and practical than the latter."

The Rev. Seizo Abe, a Congregational preacher: "The unparalleled personality of Jesus Christ."

Professor Tomeri Tanimoto (not a Christian), of the Kyoto University: "The revolutionistic spirit of Christianity, and its emphasis on human personality."

Dr. Eun Mayeda, an eminent Buddhist, and lecturer at the Tokyo Imperial University: "The practical social work of salvation and help. Buddhism is learning this."

The editor sums it all up, the following points of Christianity being looked upon as superior: the transcendent and yet immanent idea of God; the value and dignity of human beings; the highly ethical and social nature of Christianity (morally, especially the purification of motives); the Christ-centric idea. Some more commingling of thought with it may be necessary for us. The future Christianity of Japan will be something different from that of the West, without losing its fundamental character.

*** These Japanese replies are far from complete or satisfying to the Christian who takes the New Testament view of Christianity. None of these Japanese point out the fact that Jesus Christ is the only adequate and true revelation of God and that He offers the only. salvation from sin and the way of life eternal. Through Christ only comes the power to live the life of victory.-EDITOR.

Lepers With a Chinese Doctor*

-4111 By LADY HOSIE IIJ;o- W HEN she lived in India Lady Willingdon en-who respected and looked up to them. One became greatly interested in a Leper Asy- of the men had been a professional acrobat, and lum, which is called by her name. Later on our arrival he gave a display of his prowess, she was interested in a leper hospital that British standing on his head and doing somersaults for missionaries founded in Hankow, China. While our entertainment. The doctors encourage all pos- others went looking round the hospitals and sible muscular activity, as it helps the lepers schools there, we went to visit this Leper Asylum morally and physically. Lady Willingdon, with a with Dr. Duncan Main, its founder and mainstay. kind word, dropped gifts into each leper's hand.

It is one of the few asylums for lepers in China Meanwhile I made the acquaintance of Dr.

and Lady Willingdon wanted to compare it with Wang, Dr. Main's assistant. He was a man of others she had visited in India. The Prince of about thirty, clad in the long grey Chinese schol- Wales said that he might forget the grown-up ar's gown; of no great physique, but with an lepers' misery, but he could never forget the look amazing sweetness and serenity in his quiet eyes.

on the leper children's faces. He is now the Pres- A sort of heavenly candor shone in him, a spir- ident of the Leper Relief Society of the British itual illumination which nobody could mistake. He Empire. told me something of the treatment of leprosy. If I had never seen a leper and my heart failed a leper comes to the hospital before his leprosy me at the thought of visiting them. To her, lepers has been developed seven years, the doctors can were like many other fellow human beings, to be check the disease. The injections will not restore cheered by a little attention from the outside a finger or nose, or bring elasticity back to a world; liking small kindnesses as do other sick solidified joint; but the disease can be arrested- folk, and especially entitled to them considering at least for some years, perhaps longer. There is the awfulness of their affliction. She sent to a hope that the day may come, with research, when Chinese confectioner's for packets of sweet cakes the patient can return to life in the community.

and dainties, wrapped in the gay red paper proper In China, as yet, there has been no law making in China, one packet for each of the seventy lepers. any disease notifiable. Public Health is only be- There are two homes connected with the hos- ginning to be a matter for public attention. We pital, one for men, the other for women, on the in the West have had more scientific doctoring hillside overlooking Hangchow lake, with its boats than the Orient and more understanding of the and white sails and curving parapeted bridges. dangers of infection. When Chinese become lep- Dr. Main thought lepers should have lovely sur,- ers, they usually seek the neighborhood of temples; roundings, even more than other folk. One of the they lie on the temple paths exposing their sores accusations brought against him by the ultra- and misery to move hearts of the compassionate Nationalists was that he, a foreigner, had bought and draw a coin. How else can the leprous father up the best sites round the lake.. They were waste of a household keep his family going? When a land before, and are now being used for hospitals patient came to the hospital on whom the dreadful and convalescent homes and leper asylums. But disease was discovered, Dr. Main had not the Hangchow nowadays is developing into a summer heart to send him away. He determined to grapresort for rich Chinese from Shanghai-and 10, ple with the problem. Hence the asylum. Yet it the lepers have the finest views. is of their own free will that his patients remain The lepers, knowing of our coming, had put on under its roofs. Many of their fellows cannot their clean clothes, and those who could awaited bring themselves to give up lying about the temple us on the veranda. Even among lepers, social precincts: the free life a beggar, though it means distinctions weigh. Two of the women had put on rags and pain and lack of attention, is a more fresh tunics of silk. They came from genteel paying proposition.

homes, and spoke differently from the other wom- Unspeakably bitter must it be to leave wife and child and human intercourse and enter for ever, • Quoted from "The Portrait of a Chinese Lady" by Lady Hosie. confessedly a leper, into a segregated colony. It Published by William Morrow and Son, New York.

[ 130 ] speaks much for Dr. Main's influence that there looked so clean, so wholesome. I put my head were no unscaleable high walls or locked gates to against the bricks and wept.

that asylum and the lepers rarely disobey the ad- The others had gone up the hill, to the Tuber- vice not to go beyond a certain point lest they culosis Sanatorium at the top. Dr. Wang waited bring harm on those outside. It is an appalling beside me, looking at me weeping. I tried to sidelight on Chinese poverty, and Chinese igno- murmur apologies for breaking down. He quietly rance about disease, that poor folk from the peas- stood by and looked at me. Then presently he put antry around have climbed over the asylum wall his hand on my arm. He broke the silence, and and stolen lepers' clothing. this is what he said: "T'a,i T'a,i: only Christ can It was evident that the lepers loved Dr. Main help those poor people. But he does help them." and Dr. Wang. One of the difficult symptoms of I took his hand, English fashion, and from the leprosy is that the moral sense, owing to physical bottom of my heart answered: causes is apt to become perverted. Lepers, for "And you are truly His disciple."

instance, in Africa, are subject to ungovernable He gave a little smile, and we went on to see fits of black rage, which sometimes lead to mur- his tubercular wards. They were not easy to visit der in a leper colony. Yet here were these Hang- for many of the sufferers had come to hospital chow lepers living peaceably together on the far too late.

whole. Ah, but a large proportion of them had I have heard of Dr. Wang. Three months after become Christians! Two were baptized that very our visit his wife died of typhoid, and he was Sunday morning of our visit. left with two children.

We came to a ward where one elderly man, "My poor friend is in sore grief," wrote Dr. with a fellow-leper sitting beside to help him, lay Main who himself retired to England soon after semi-comatose. The footsteps of Dr. Main and this, for he had reached the age of seventy. Lady Willingdon had roused him, and he was raising his head with its sightless eyes an inch from "The lepers came to see us off at the station," his pillow. One glance at his face, and I knew he told me later, "those that could walk the disthat his spirit was loosening its bands. Dr. Wang tance, men and women." Once more they put on stopped and told him, for he was wondering evi- their best clothes, and, keeping in a little band to dently at the footsteps, that some foreign guests themselves, walked through the streets and on to had come to pay a visit and bring gifts. Then Dr. the station platform. The medical school, pastors, Wang looked seriously at me and whispered, school boys and girls, all were there in flocks to "Speak to him. He is dying. Soon nobody will see off this man they loved and his wife whom be able to do anything for him." My heart nearly they loved also, for she had been an equal worker. failed. What could I possibly say? This was beyond speech. But the Chinese doctor kept his "The last people we saw when the train left eyes earnestly on me. That Eastern Christian, so were our lepers," he said. "There they were, wavshort a time a Christian, took it for granted that ing their stumps of arms, the tears running down any woman from the West, with its long tradi- their disfigured faces. Tears ran down my cheeks tion in the Faith, would answer to his call. too. And Dr. Wang was standing by them, look- ing sorrowfully after us." So I steadied my voice, and lifting my head called to the dying leper, with the politeness which When the Nationalists first came to Hangchow, China teaches: they took down the Ten Commandments from the Lord's Table and put up the portrait of Sun Yat "Elder Brother, art thou at peace?" Sen instead. They earmarked the mission hos- pitals for special rigor. They made some attempt And from that frame almost unrecognizable as to keep the Leper Asylum going: but a number human, with an affected tongue and from a lipless of the lepers, fearing them, fled to their homes, mouth, came a voice back to me, cracked yet stead- taking their disease with them. Those who refast: mained wrote sad letters of the treatment which "Yea, at peace, at peace. And I shall soon see they were given.

my Lord." One of the complaints which the lepers in the "The Heavenly Father support thee!" I called asylum made at the oncoming armies was that again. they were forbidden not only to hold services but Unconquerable, wonderful spirit of man-truly to sing hymns. They would quaver away now and a candle lit by the Lord! Exult, oh dust and then, to keep their courage up. "Jesus Christ,"

ashes! said one poster in the streets of Hangchow during I went out with Dr. Wang, clattering down that period, "was born in Palestine, which is some wooden steps. The sun was shining. We under British mandate: and therefore He must came to a gate and a boundary wall. The bricks be a British Imperialist." Another informed the

citizens that Christ and Plato, on whom Western China. The first thinks greatness means possescivilization was built, died two thousand years sions and power, which must be maintained by ago: so what had Western civilization to give to show of military capabilities. The second is char- Modern China? Nay, one poster ran, "Down with acterized by suspicion, of every other nationality, Heaven! It is a dream"-in which case lepers and is susceptible to every imaginary pin-prick: certainly should not be permitted to sing about it. this sort is pervaded by race-consciousness, as the modern parlance has it. The third has discovered And the lepers' second complaint was: "They that the only measure of greatness is the measure have ringed us around with barbed wire!" So of service rendered to the world: that there is they wrote, and wrote again and again as if in no other greatness at all in any nation except that tears. which says, "I am among you as One that serv- eth." Barbed wire! Ah, what it has meant to this generation! Dr. Wang belonged to this last class. It is not so small or select as one might imagine. That Dr. Wang, because he had worked under a mis- barbed wire has been taken down now, and he is sionary society, was a Christian, and remained back with his lepers again, Dr. Wang-the leper steadfast to his foreign friends, nearly lost his doctor of Hangchow. I suppose he has his faults life, and had finally to flee to Shanghai. Yet Dr. and deficiencies, but I did not see them. Wang is a NationaIist. It seems there are three classes of Nationalists· in the world-not only in JAPANESE CHRISTIAN WORK OVERSEAS* The Japanese Government in 1932, reported 760,000 citizens of Japan residing in other countries. Besides 335,685 Japanese in Manchukuo (out of a population of 33,500,000), there were 120,908 in Hawaii, 100,128 in Continental United States, 20,989 in Canada, 5,832 in Mex- ico, and 19,572 in the Philippines. There were 116,647 in the coffee~producing provinces of Brazil, and 20,535 in Peru. In the Straits Settlements there were 6,833, and in the Dutch East Indies, 6,369. In China proper there were 54,965. In most of these countries, except the United States and Canada, there has been a considerable increase since 1932.

The Japanese Christian work for J apariese in foreign countries began about thirty years ago. Though the number of churches in other lands established through the direct efforts of Christians in Japan is small, most of these churches are successful and self-supporting. There have been many Japanese churches established as a result of mission work undertaken by Christians in the United States and Canada, (87 in Continental United States, 30 in Hawaii, and 12 in Canada). Churches established by the Japanese Christians for the benefit of their nationals overseas include the following: In Korea, 59 Japanese churches; in Manchukuo, 32; in Formosa, 34. The first church organized by the churches of Japan for Japanese abroad was in Tientsin, China, in 1903. At present Japanese Congregationalists are carrying on work in Tsingtau, China, Peiping and Shanghai. Rev. M. Furuya, long pastor of a Japanese church in Los Angeles, is the pastor of the Shanghai church. The Japanese churches in China have been almost self-supporting from the beginning. There is also a Japanese church in Hong- kong and one in Singapore.

More than 120,000 Japanese had emigrated to Brazil before the Brazilian Government stopped the rapid inflow of Oriental settlers. One church has been organized in Sao Paolo, with two ministers for that compact Japanese community. The twenty thousand Japanese in Peru have only one lay Christian worker and his wife.

The. newest and most successful work of the Christian churches in Japan for their nation- als oVer&eas is in the Philippines. It is about three years since a Japanese evangelist began work at Davao. In a year and a half he had baptized sixty persons and built a church.

Apparently the only Japanese work among non-Japanese which has been very success- ful has been that in the mandated South Sea Islands, where the Japanese Congregationalists have been carrying on the work formerly under the American Board and a German mission ever since 1919. Within the boundaries of Ponape, a former American Board field, there are 13 native evangelists, 2,100 Christians and 9 congregations. In the Summer Islands of Truk there are 18 native evangelists, 3,392 Christians and 19 congregations. In the Autumn Is- lands of Truk there are 7 evangelists, 1,248 Christians and 7 congregations.

In the effort to extend the Christian work among Japanese overseas, the Christians in Japan have recently organized a Mission Board for Overseas Work.

• Condensed from an article in the Japanese Christian Year Book, 1933, by Rev. M. Kohayashi, formerly executive secretary of the Japanese Interdenominational Evangelistic Association on the Pacific C(}ast.->George W. Hinman.

A Witness for Christ in

A letter from A. MAIR, Chinkiang, Kiangsu Missionary of the China Inland Mission, 1907- My FRIEND, Hsieh Meng Tseh, is unique. strenuously resisted the invitation, but on learn- I have never met another man exactly like ing that no foreigner would be preaching but only him, nor has anyone else. To know him one of his fellow countrymen he reluctantly is a tonic. Meeting him casually one might fail agreed to go. The Chinese evangelist who spoke to find anything specially striking about his per- to the handful of people little realized that the sonality; but listen to him, watch his face as he seed sown that day would, in the coming years, speaks of the faith that is in him, and you realize result in a rich harvest in every part of China.

that you are in the presence of a man of extraor- "God is love," was Mr. Hu's text and message. It dinary force of character – a man of God. If was an absolutely new idea to Hsieh. Was it there has been any attempt to standardize Mr. possible that God could love human beings? He Hsieh, he certainly will have had a quiet chuckle had read of a Supreme Being in the writings of over it. He is a man with a single purpose-to the sages, but somehow they seemed to know little witness for Christ among his own people and win about Him, and never was He represented as a them to the life which he has proved to be life God of love. Here was light indeed-a conception indeed. that invested life with new meaning! He was His call to this ministry reminds us that God's gripped as he had never been during the course ways are totally different from man's ways. "God of his thirty years.

hath chosen the weak things of the world to con- Many a talk had Hsieh with the evangelist dur- found the things which are mighty; and base ~ng the following days and countless were the things of the world and things which are despised questions he had to ask. There was one matter hath God chosen, yea, and things which are not of vital import which puzzled him and seemed al- to bring to nought things which are." Until he together beyond his understanding. Why was it reached the age of thirty Mr. Hsieh was without necessary for God to send His only Son to this hope and without God. Life to him had always world to suffer such a cruel death on the Cross?

been a serious matter, yet somehow it seemed The evangelist insisted that this was the supreme wholly without aim or meaning. There was some- demonstration of God's love to mankind, but Hsieh thing lacking, and although this seeker after could not fathom the meaning of such a statement.

truth yearned for a revelation somehow beyond "For a whole year," he said, "I pondered the his ken he seemed to get nowhere. meaning of the Cross but seemed to get nowhere.

Ho-Yueh-Chow, a small island town situated on Then one evening God revealed His Son to me.

the Yang-Tsi River, was the place where our I have no explanation as to what happened; I friend first heard the Gospel. He was a money- simply state the facts. In a flash, as it seemed to lender, and his profession brought him into con- me, my room was flooded with light and before tact with all sorts and conditions of people. He me a Cross was upraised, and upon that Cross was heard in a vague sort of way of a strange religion the Son of God. With eyes of love He looked at which foreigners were seeking to propagate me and said, 'I suffered this for you.' When I throughout his native land and, while resenting came to myself I found my face wet with tears; such a palpably foolish proceeding, felt that it and from that hour I have never had the shadow did not concern him in any way. But who could of a doubt as to the necessity of Christ's atoning dream that the foreigners were to come to Ho- death on Calvary for my redemption and the re- Yueh-Chow from Anking, secure a house, and demption of every sinner."

preach every day to crowds of people? Strangest Shortly after this striking revelation which of all, there were folk belonging to the place who changed the current of his life and made him a seemed willing to stake everything on the truth of man with a message and a mission, Mr. Hsieh re- this new religion, and found a positive joy in do- moved to Anking, the provincial capital of Anh- ing so! What did it all mean? wei. His testimony was already proving effec- One day an enquirer asked Mr. Hsieh to ac- tive, for both his wife and mother had become company him to the Gospel Hall. At first he believers in Christ. What he would do in Anking [133 ]

had not yet been decided, but it was clear to him in that wonderful school of faith and service. In that God had a plan for his life, and that resi- Mr. and Mrs. Westwood, Hsieh found understand- dence in Anking formed a necessary part of it. ing friends, and was greatly helped by their kindly He rented a house near the mission compound so encouragement.

that he might have constant opportunities of fel- A Man of the Book lowship and service. But what a cramped, dilapi- dated-looking building was that first home of his! The Scriptures have meant more to Hsieh than Yet he and his were as pleased as if it had been a pen can describe. He has always been a man of palace! A joy unspeakably sweet had come to one Book; and his methods of study have been abide with them and life had become wonderful. peculiarly his own. Commentaries or "helps"

Then came a real testing of faith. Hsieh had con- have never appealed to him. Others might use served as far as possible the money brought from them, but he left them severely alone. "Would it Ho-Yueh-Chow, but it gradually dwindled away not be wise," he was asked on one occasion, "to until little or nothing was left. Although the know what interpretation the commentaries New Year was at hand-China's time of feasting give?" "I like to make my own commentary,"

-this family, for a number of weeks, lived on was the characteristic reply. His method was what was practically pig's food. He spread the simply that of meditation and prayer. He be- needs of himself and his family before the Lord, came steeped in the Scriptures; six or seven and believed that provision would be forthcoming hours of study was his daily routine. His medi- in the right way and at the appropriate time. At tations in the Word of God were to him a matter New Year the Chinese, according to long-estab- of life and death. He believed that God was in lished custom, paste on their doors strips of red need of men with an experimental knowledge of paper bearing suitable mottoes or quotations for Himself through the Word so that they could be the year they have entered. Hsieh expended part ready for anything. The pages of his Bible were of his remaining coppers on red paper, and the covered with notes-the results of his prayerful words written on his cracked and battered door meditation. He was greatly helped by Evangelist were singularly significant – "The House of a Tong, his closest and most understanding friend.

truly rich man." He was able to testify later how He was a man of prayer and, in a rare degree, wonderfully the Lord provided for him during versed in "the deep things of God." The Word of that testing period. God was Tong's very life, and those of us who Soon he was taking part in street chapel work, knew him were keenly conscious of this fact. Un- and here his genius in attracting and influencing like his friend Hsieh, he was always on the out- individuals was early perceived. He was genu- look for books and tracts, written by men of spir- inely interested in people, and those with whom itual insight and experience. How he revelled in he spoke were immediately aware that here was a the biographies of Luther, Miiller, Moody, Spur- man with a truly vital message to impart. Not geon and a host of others! They belonged to a only had he rare understanding of their ordinary fellowship which he joyfully realized was also his, everyday needs and problems but also a peculiar and to view the truth with them from some new insight into the feeling, desire and condition of standpoint was to him a sheer delight. And every their hearts. Sin was ruthlessly exposed and con- fresh discovery became doubly precious when demned and the sovereign remedy invariably pre- shared with his friend and fellow-worker. Thus sented: "Behold the Lamb of God who taketh Hsieh's life became enriched and enlarged away the sin of the world." There was no falter- through fellowship with one who communicated ing in his proclamation of the truth; he himself what he himself had learned of the grace of God had received the revelation, and his supreme pas- from the life and witness of others.

sion was to lead others to the Crucified Saviour. During those early. years Hsieh was truly a Gradually the scope of his service began to "son of Thunder." Full of zeal, and himself widen. He accompanied the missionaries in long wholly consecrated to God, he was amazed when and arduous itineraries in the districts lying others who named the Name of Christ lightly re- north of Anking, and "south of the River" (the garded His claims, and lived as if their own af- Yang-Tsi-Kiang). As they journeyed they dis- fairs were of primary importance. His denuncia- tributed portions of Scripture and tracts, and tions were scathing in the extreme; sin was ex- everywhere-at the wayside, on the ferry-boat, in posed in all its hideousness and utterly condemned.

temples full of idols, inside and outside country Some resented such plain preaching-especially inns, in farmhouse and shop-the Gospel was pro- when the application was of a somewhat personal claimed, and signs followed. Years afterwards, nature-but he fearlessly proclaimed his message, when his name was known in every part of China, believing it would be owned of God in the convic- he used to speak of the priceless benefits received tion and conversion of sinners. I recently heard

A WITNESS FOR CHRIST IN CHINA

him express the opinion that perhaps he was too small in comparison. He was a man who realized fiery and unsympathetic at the beginning of his that the supreme need of his country was a spir- . ministry. Time, however, had given him a larger itual message, and he himself had proved that understanding and a deeper love. And yet in the only effective message to meet the crying need those days he was utterly true to the light that he of every heart, and the problems of every compossessed. His opinions and judgments were munity, was the knowledge of a Crucified Saviour, clear-cut, either white or black, and woe betide the risen and exalted, who could: one who thought otherwise! And yet there was nothing little or mean about him; rather was Break the power of cancelled sin there something unusually arresting-something And set the prisoner free. that marked him as a man who would not falter in his witness for Christ, cost what it might. He During the subsequent years I was privileged to did not toy with opinions; he expressed convic- be in almost daily contact and fell0.wship with Mr. tions. Hsieh. These were for him years of preparation and deepening experience for a wider ministry. ANew Experience He had many difficult lessons to learn but these contributed in no small way to make him the man At this time Hsieh received a new experience he ultimately became. His extraordinary indeof the unsearchable riches of Christ. Dr. Jona- pendence in thought, word and act made it at than Goforth was holding special meetings in the times-especially for the uninitiated-rather diffinorth of China and reports of the marvelous cult to work with him. Those who knew him, and workings of the Holy Spirit in that district appreciated his real motives, were more than willcreated a desire in many hearts throughout China ing to stick to him through thick and thin. His that the work would spread. Hsieh accompanied eldest son, a lad of about ten years of age, con- Mr. Westwood to the province of Honan, and tracted spinal trouble, and the father's tenderness there God met him and spoke to him. From that as he daily carried him into our compound and time there came to him a new accession of power, looked after his comfort was beautiful to see. Sufand his message was charged with fresh unction fering love charged his independent spirit with a and urgency. The awfulness of sin was revealed new sympathy and thus he became the more fitted to him in a new way. He saw men and women to .tell others the message of Calvary. stricken down by the convicting power of the Holy Spirit and crying to God for pardon. He wit- Going Further Afield nessed those same people changed by the transforming touch of God's Spirit, testifying to the Gradually there came to him the realization that possession of a priceless peace which the world God wanted him to go further afield. His centre could not give. Hsieh yielded himself to the Lord would remain Anking, but he would be ready to -body, soul, and spirit-for anything, and thus go wherever the Lord directed. The church at there commenced for him a new spiritual epoch. Anking held a peculiarly sacred place in his heart as it had been to him a spiritual home since he Never shall I forget Hsieh's return to Anking first knew the Saviour. He began to dream of a and its sequel. Trouble had broken out in our city. revival society within the churches, and soon he We were on the eve of great political happenings, had in mind a number of schemes which he longed and it was feared that Anking would be within the to see carried out. It was about this time, while fighting area. Our friends returned from Honan visiting the Province of Hunan, that he met Genjust in time to enter the city before the gates were eral Feng, the Christian General. Feng had evishut. An hour longer and they would have had dently been impressed by the sincerity and indeto wait outside for several days. The following pendent bearing of Hsieh, and invited him to call day was for many a time of acute anxiety, but at his camp that they might have a meal and talk Hsieh was not troubling about it in the least. together. "We had not any grand fare," said Firing began in the evening, and nobody seemed Hsieh to me, recalling the event, "the food was as to know what the outcome was to be. That same plain as it could be-in accordance with the Genevening Hsieh was addressing a gathering of eral's invariable custom-but after dinner we had Christians, and never shall I forget the intensity two hours of Bible reading." Feng was so pleased of feeling with which he spoke of the things which with Hsieh's visit that he pressed him to visit he had seen and heard. His words were punc- him daily while in that locality that they might tuated by the crack of rifles, but he was so ab- study the Word of God together. So for a month sorbed in his subject, and the desire to make or two they met every day, and after each meal known the wonderful vision which had dawned Bibles were produced and Hsieh spoke to the Genupon him, that the events taking place outside- eral of the things of God. Feng fully sympathized events which were the prelude to the fall of a with him in his· desire to commence a school for dynasty and the setting up of a republic-seemed the training of workers in evangelism and offered

a large donation for that puropse. The conditions he was assured that the time had come for his attached to the offer did not satisfy Hsieh, and visit to those country churches. For seven years so the matter was allowed to drop. Years after- he was away from home proclaiming his message wards I heard him express the conviction that in all the Northern Provinces. He arranged his God restrained him from carrying out the project time-table as the Lord directed. Here he would he had then in view as he was not meant to settle spend a few weeks, and there a month or two, down in one place; his parish was to be the whole holding daily meetings for Bible study, and helpof China. ing believers and enquirers by personal talks. In those country places, at certain seasons of the The Revival Society really came to be Mr. Hsieh year, the farmers have little or nothing to do, so himself. In course of time invitations to conduct Hsieh gathered companies together in numberless special meetings reached him from districts far districts and faithfully sowed the seed which has removed from' Anking, and thus began his mis- already brought forth a great spiritual harvest. sionary journeys throughout his. native land. He had not the slightest doubt as to God's leading in His supreme desire is to see Christians wholly the matter; the call came and he obeyed. But he surrendered to the Lord, and his Bible talks are had a wife and family and what of the where- directed to this end. He usually plans to have wit~l for their support? Hsieh's reply was clear these meetings daily, and seldom speaks for less and final: "The Lord is sending me; He will be than an hour and a half. There is nothing speresponsible "for the supplies." Arrangements cially attractive about the delivery or style of his about money received for his work have been emi- address, yet all sorts and conditions of people nently sound and sensible. I have met with no simply hang upon his words. They know that he one anywhere with less desire to use money for is dealing with spiritual realities which he himhimself and his own plans than Hsieh; nor have self has experienced, and his illustrations are so I met anyone more careful of money for the Lord:s apt and to the point that even the unlettered have work. He himself did not personally accept con- no difficulty in grasping his meaning. But it is tributions for his work, but requested that such his spiritual insight and power which draw peogifts should be sent to Pastor Hu at Anking to ple to hear him. I have in mind now a talented be entered in the Revival Society account. Once young Chinese teacher, extremely up-to-date and a month the pastor gave Mrs. Hsieh a fixed a staunch nationalist, who had listened to several amount for household expenses, and as Mr. Hsieh of the most outstanding preachers in China; yet had given instructions about the matter it is al- he felt there was a quality in Hsieh's message most unnecessary to add that the amount given which met his deepest need, and satisfied him as for this purpose was certainly not more than ade- no address had ever done. The Lord has used the quate. Often did he say, "the money is not mine; life and the message of His servant in various it is the Lord's." In every possible way he sought parts of China to lead many to dedicate themto curtail personal expenses in order that he selves to the preaching of the Gospel, and scores might have more to use in the Lord's work. On of Christian workers have been inspired by his one occasion he informed me with a smile that on example of whole-hearted, unremitting zeal in the returning to Anking from a certain down-river service of Christ. port he had traveled fourth class. This I could scarcely credit as the lowest fare on any steamer When he was at Anking about three years ago is third class. Hsieh explained that on certain it was learned that he intended giving a series of steamers there is accommodation somewhere be- Bible talks to the members of his family who were low for beggers traveling from one port to an- at home during the summer. He thought that in other, and he had availed himself of the oppor- this way he would be making up to them in some tunity to travel with them. "But," I enquired, measure for the long periods when he was away "was not such a proceeding rather risky? Did from home. Several friends suggested that others none of your neighbors make off with your be- might be permitted to attend as well as the memlongings ?" "Oh, no," he replied, "it was the bers of his family, and that the meetings might safest place on the ship; no one dreamt I had any- be held daily in the church. He agreed, and every thing worth stealing, otherwise I wouldn't have afternoon during the extreme heat of the summer been there. The important thing about it," he an eager company gathered for the study of God's added, "was that I had an opportunity of preach- Word. At each meeting there was an atmosphere ing the Gospel to those poor people." of keen expectancy. Not a few regularly attended at no small sacrifice to themselves. Hsieh sug- About 1916 he received pressing invitations to gested the study of one of the Gospels, taking a visit a number of outlying districts in the North chapter a day. He requested that all of them of China, and, as for some time he had been con- should prayerfully study the chapter and be pretemplating such a journey and praying about it, pared to say a few words on one of the verses.

Few could have conducted the meetings on those be absolutely sincere, and he will assuredly meet lines so naturally and effectively as this veteran with us, and give exceeding abundantly above all Christian worker. At each meeting over a dozen we ask or think." people, some of whom had never spoken in public before, commented on verses of Scripture. As The keynote of those meetings was reality, and day succeeded day it was remarkable how their the working of the Spirit of God was truly eviwords gained in clarity and effectiveness. Hsieh dent in our midst. What must be the cumulative summed up after the others had spoken, and his result of thousands of similar meetings held by comments were always helpfully suggestive and Hsieh among all types and conditions of people to the point. He then gave his own special mes- throughout China? He continues to preach and sage bearing upon the chapter' and had any of teach with unabated zeal. I bade him goodbye at our Western commentators been there they would Anking two years ago as he set out on a preachhave marveled at the typically Chinese coloring ing tour to the Western Provinces. God has been given by him to certain passages of Scripture. It mightily using him, and I have heard from variwas clearly evident that he was steeped in the ous quarters of lives having been won and trans- Word of God, and that his chief delight was to be formed through his witness for his Saviour and God's messenger to others. One evening when requesting several to lead in prayer, he said, "Do Lord. not make a prayer, please, but speak to God, and Pray that men of like spirit may be raised up ask Him for what you really desire. We need to to carry the message of Life to every part of this great and needy land. Only in this way can China be won to Christ.

"I LOVE JESUS"

In the stillness of a schoolroom where the American Indian children were studying, a child's voice rang out like a Christmas bell: "I love Jesus."

"What does the child mean?" thought the teacher who looked into the shining eyes and the glory-glinted face.

The child had heard the story of God's great Christmas gift to the world. Christ had come to dwell in her heart and she bubbled over in her joy because of His gift to her. There in the sunlit schoolroom sat the little Indian shepherdess, her heart flooded with the heavenly Light such as crowned the hills near Bethlehem more than nineteen hundred years ago.

Before Christmas seventy-eight boys and girls enrolled in the Tuba City Indian Government School, came to the missionary with these same words – a song on their lips: "I love Jesus."

Jesus is all the world to me; I want no better friend.

. I trust Him now; I'll trust Him when Life's fleeting days shall end.

A thrill stirred the air in the little mission chapel when they sang the song on a Sunday afternoon when these young people came before the congregation to be baptized. Later they sat at the Lord's Table, in company with "believers in Jesus in Navajoland," and partook of the broken bread, emblem of His broken body, and of the fruit of the vine, emblem of His shed blood.

Thanks be to God for the unspeakable joy He gives to those who are his voice in proclaim- ing His Christmas gift to an impoverished, heart-famished world! "I love Jesus." Our hearts unite in the song of gratitude that this timid shepherdess sang so that comrades and teacher were startled in the silent schoolroom.

Danny-A High..-Grade

~-tijf I By F. A. ROBINSON, Ph.D., Toronto, Canada I)ilt— N o OTHER home in the district was avail- honor of sleeping with the minister was scarcely able for the visiting preacher so there was worth the ordeal his mother's suggestions in- no help for it, he had to sleep with ten-year- volved. old Danny. The shack contained three beds and there were eight to be accommodated. It was use- Two or three hours later the preacher did his less to make any other suggestion for the little best to get Danny out of his monopolistic position prairie home contained no lounge nor even chairs across the bed, and lay alongside .of his soundly that could be used as a possible excuse for sleep- sleeping little bedfellow. It was not long ere the ing separately. Danny's usual berth was with his mother's prophecy was being fulfilled, and Danny father and mother, but the coming of the preacher was "snuggling" up to the preacher with much necessitated a general change. more enjoyment to Danny than to his bedmate. The dirty little arms and tousled head seemed to "Danny's a bit restless," said his mother, "but vie with one another in getting into the immediate he never wakes up when he strikes the pillow, and vicinity of the preacher's nose and mouth. he's as good as one of those hot water bottles. Early in the morning the curtain was pushed We can't keep a fire going all night, and after it aside and a tin bowl containing warm water was has been out a while, it gets a bit frosty along the placed on the rough box that served as a table. logs. It was twenty below most nights last week. "I thought you might like warm water to wash in. When it gets that way Danny snuggles up real Danny, you come out now and bring your clothes close." so's the minister will have room to dress." Danny The last bit of information did not add to the was scarcely wide enough awake to heed his preacher's enthusiasm over his bed fellow. mother's command. After a few minutes he Danny's general appearance was not encouraging. pushed back the hair from his forehead and be- Facilities for keeping clean are not many in the came intensely interested in w a t chi n g the kind of shack occupied by the Wiggins family and preacher. Danny really had no use for "facilities." He washed his hands and face only under the utmost At last his surprise at the intricacies and myspressure, and a bath in winter-time was an un- teries that were involved in the preacher's method of dressing could be restrained no longer. With thought-of thing. When the "slough" was warm something akin to a sigh, he said: enough, it was difficult to keep him out of the "Say, Mister, how often do you wash yerself water; but to Danny's type of boy, a swimming hole and a wash-bowl are as different as Paradise like that?" and Hades. His tousled hair looked as though it With a smile came the answer, "I don't often had never come in contact with a comb. In the shack his coarse shirt and semi-long trousers were do it just like that, but I like to have at least a all he could be persuaded to wear. The latter good sponge off every morning. Water is a bit were so large and ill-fitting that they gave no in- scarce out here, isn't it?" dication as to whether Danny was coming or going. Evading the question, Danny asked, "Say, Mis- ter, how often do you pull that there black thing Shortly after supper on the night of the preach- through yer hair like you was doin' for sich a er's arrival, the mother got Danny behind the spell?" curtain, where the crudely-made and unpainted bedstead stood. Danny had to listen to a number "Well! I'm afraip my hair often gets rough, of "don'ts" that also reached the ears of the Danny. I carry a comb in this little pocket, see, preacher. "Now, don't you sit on the bed with then I can comb my hair whenever it needs itthem dirty pants of yours. No! you can't get in maybe half a dozen times a day." bed that way! Now, Danny, you undress properly! You're going to put on your Sunday shirt Danny's face had on it an expression of mingled pity and disgust as he said wearily, "You must be an awful pile 0' trouble to yerself, Mister."

Breakfast with Danny revealed the fact that he was "just an appetite with a skin pulled over now that you're sleeping with the minister." him." Not until that morning had he ever been Danny's answer was in a tone that suggested the present where family worship was conducted.

[138 ] The reading was of the lad's small store of loaves the cow stable. With his face on his arms as he and fishes and the preacher had Danny look on leaned against the logs in a dark corner, the little the Testament with him. It was something new lad was shedding many tears. "I don't want you for Danny to kneel down, and he went about it to go away, never!" was his only response to the rather awkwardly as though uncertain what came kindly touch of his preacher friend's hand. A next. few farewell words of confidence in Danny's fu- ture and the preacher hurried to the big box In the approach to the Father of us all, strange, sleigh. Wrapped in well-worn blankets and with deep yearning for Danny came into the preacher's a carpet of straw, they started on their cold jourheart and he saw more than an untidy, tousle- ney across the prairie. As the preacher turned to headed boy. That yearning led to efforts to gain get another look at the shack that had been his Danny's confidence. He helped him to carry in home for the past three weeks, he saw the little the wood and chopped through the ice for the lad with the coarse shirt and baggy trousers gazdaily water supply. Then there were ways of ing wistfully in the direction of the sleigh. A adding to the lad's fun. A few old boards were little hand responded to the farewell wave and fashioned into a sleigh that did quite well on the then the boyish figure disappeared-perhaps to go snow-covered slope after the preacher had shov- back to the dark corner again. elled the snow so as to make a surface across which they could easily glide. Within a week the *** two were good friends and Danny accompanied the preacher whenever allowed. He was permitted Twelve years passed. Many new settlers have to go to two of the evening meetings conducted come to the foothills district where once stood the by the visitor and especially enjoyed the music. Wiggins shack. In the same district stands a small church in which there is a Sunday school Within two weeks Danny was showing more superintendent whose name is Danny Wiggins. concern about his hands and face and hair, and And two thousand miles away a preacher gives was following the preacher's example in a number thanks to God for the strange little chap who, of ways. An illustrated edition of a pocket Testa- twelve years ago, shared with him the bed behind ment, in which the preacher had printed the boy's the curtain in the log shack on Windy Plains, and name in full, was the first gift of any value that who has so grown in the knowledge of the Lord Danny had received and his pride in its possession Jesus as to be leading others into paths of rightwas manifest. eousness.

On the last evening of the preacher's stay in the SILVESTER HORNE'S LAST CONVERT* lonely settlement he had a talk with Danny. "I believe you are going to be a fine boy, Danny. I Silvester Horne, the great English preacher, shall be a long distance away from you, but I am died on a St. Lawrence steamer. The captain of going to count you as one of my friends. Every that steamer told the story and its sequence: day I shall be reading from a little book like the one you have, and I shall be thinking of how my It was on this very boat. I chanced to see him fall and friend Danny is reading from the same book, and ran toward him. His wife holding his head called out in it would be one of the biggest disappointments I agony, "Are you dead?" An instant later she turned to could have if my Danny was not true and brave me and said, "Captain, is my husband really dead?" I and clean. You remember about the boy who nodded my head, and ordered some sailors to carry the brought all he had to Jesus. You are doing that, body into the cabin; but that was not the end of the tale. aren't you, Danny? You are going to let Him Mrs. Horne came in and immediately knelt down beside count on you to help make this world a bit hap- the body. She turned to me and commanded, "Captain, pier. You won't go back on me, will you, Danny, you must kneel." I was altogether indifferent to religion, because I want you for Jesus." The little lad with but I hesitated only a second, then knelt. Her prayer was the coarse shirt and baggy trousers looked up into the simplest, most beautiful and most natural prayer I the preacher's face and said with a bashful smile: ever heard. She mentioned all the children by name, the "I'd like to be jes like you and preach." church, and various causes that had been dear to her hus- band's heart. I have never been able to escape from that "God bless you, Danny, my boy. I'm not anxious prayer. It brought me to Christ. Whenever I can I you should be like me, but I want you to be like attend the little church of which I have become a member. Him, like Jesus. He was so good and brave and I was Silvester Horne's last convert. kind." The radiance of that life has continued to shine, When the sleigh came early next morning to and we have no doubt that a great many who knew take the preacher to the railway station, twelve him and loved him were brought to Christ as they miles distant, Danny was not in sight. There was remembered his thrilling words. But the capno response to the calling of his name. The tain was brought to Christ as much by Mrs. preacher hurried around the little shack and into Horne's marvelous courage and trust as by any- thing that Silvester Horne had ever said or done.

• From The Watchman-Examiner. Effective Ways of Working 'Tested Methods for Increasing Interest at Home EDITED BY MRS. ESTELLA S. AITCHISON, GRANVILLE, OHIO ~========================~======I New "Tools in Type" A MEN'S MISSIONARY LEAGUE boys' mISSIOnary society. The boys' work shall be supported and directed BULLETIN NUMBER Two One of the foregoing plans by the League. may well commend itself to Readers of THE REVIEW will every pastor. It was the ideal of With all due honor to the the Rev. George A. Brown, of recall that some months back the the United Presbyterian Church faithful women who have so long Professional Advisory Section of Elyria, Ohio, to develop a mothered boys' missionary or- men's organization which, in inon Missionary Education of the terest, activity and spirit, would ganizations in the local church, International Council of Reli- equal any woman's missionary your Department Editor vengious Education brought out a society. The resulting league tures the opinion that this move bulletin giving a bird's-eye view has for its object the "promotion toward "fathering" is a distinct of best methods among all coop- of an intelligent, active interest erating denominations. Weare in missions on the part of the advance. glad to report that the wide- men and boys of the church" inspread appreciation of that first volving the following particu- OUTCOMES OF STUDY CLASSES effort has led to the issuance of lars: Bulletin No. Two, which is over- In the setting of the subject flowing with stimulating sugges- 1. The recognition of the privilege tions for all departments of and duty of sharing the Lord Jesus matter in this Department last church life, including that of the Christ with the world through the enpastor. This is mimeographed tire missionary enterprise. month, Bulletin items under the and may be obtained at cost price of twenty-five cents, from 2. A comprehensive educational pro- above heading are particularly Miss Ruth Heinmiller, 2969 gram for the thorough missionary in- West 25th St., Cleveland, Ohio. struction of the men and boys of the apropos. The contributor, Mrs. Some idea of the contents may church. be gained from a few of the lead- Phillip H. Waddell Smith, of ing topics, such as: Reading 3. The practice of definite, intelli- Suggestions (detailed informa- gent prayer for missions in general Princeton, N. J., tells us that tion as to the best missionary and especially for the missionary books available for all ages, five agencies of our own church. when her church studied "The large pages being devoted to this a Ion e); Missionary Movies; 4. The actual support of some spe- Church and the Community," Young People's Work; Mission- cific missionary project which we will ary Education in a State Denom- have as our own and for which we will the text was taken seriously so inational Program; Group Cor- be personally responsible financially. respondences (keeping in contact that a playground for children with definite mission stations) ; 5. The rendering of definite, per- Children's W 0 r k (excellent sonal missionary service as we may of the streets was started with plans); Men's and Women's have opportunity and ability. Work; General Suggestions and one paid worker and daughters Promotion (plans of various de- All men over eighteen years nominations for effectively fur- of .age are eligible to member- of interested parents as helpers. thering work in the whole field ship. Included among the comof missionary education). Such mittees is one to select, supervise The project still continues as a live, usable material as is cov- and handle the correspondence ered by the foregoing outline of some definite project for ac- Summer Bible School with atshould be in the hands of every tive participation. The article local church worker. It repre- in the constitution headed "De- tendance increasing each year. sents literally a "League of De- partments of Service" reads: nominations" under the leader- Children enlisted in the earlier ship of the Prince of Peace. In order for the full realization of the final objective of the League, which years have become, themselves, is that of a growing likeness to Jesus Christ in life and service, the follow- competent helpers, branching ing things shall be emphasized: Bible study and prayer for personal spirit- out into service at homes for ual development; faithful church at- tendance; personal evangelism; Chris- crippled children, and in other tian stewardship; welfare work; Christian fellowship; the work of the projects. At first supported en- [140 ] tirely by women in Mrs. Smith's own church, the enterprise was eventually taken up in coopera- tion by other churches until it now has three paid workers and many volunteers. Each year the handwork is displayed in the show windows of one of the lead- ing stores. .

Another year the problem of the rural church was studied with the result that the women of the Princeton church volun- teered their services in helping near-by country churches, either

EFFECTIVE WAYS OF WORKING

by leading their meetings or 'The Way of Holiness.''' The oring new members, a. Guide helping them plan their work. mottoes are, "I am the Way," Post of "Keep to the Right," One year a summer school was and "In all thy ways acknowl- Proverbs 4: 11-18, with the started and a worker was paid edge Him and He shall direct warning, "Danger! Cur v e s for on condition that mothers of thy paths." Between these two Ahead !" Two guides conducted the country children provide the Scripture verses is their poetic the program. entertainment for her during correlate: November brought the year's her term of service. To every man there openeth study topic, "Japan," with a The study of the Caribbean A way and ways and a way. "Highway Tea Garden," a problem eventuated in making The high soul climbs the High Way, "Cross Road Guide Post"-Luke 24: 13-32-and a topic of "Highsupplies for victims of the hurri- The low soul gropes the Low Way, ways and Byways of Japan," cane in the Dominican Republic. That project, also, still lives on And in between on the misty fiats with guides as in all other meet- The rest drift to and fro. But to every man there openeth in service to mission hospitals in A High Way and a Low, ings of the series. And every man decideth the region. Which way his soul shall go. The December meeting was in charge of the World Wide Guild A NEW MISSION STUDY PLAN The poem for the year is, and continued the study of Ja- The First Presbyterian church "When We Walk with the Crowd pan, with "The Dinner Gong," of Berkeley, California, decided in the Road," by Walter J. Gres- a Guide Post of "Safety First"- under the leadership of their ham, and the Travelers' Song, Psalm 119: 117-and "Youth pastor to assign to each organ- "It Is Glory Just to Walk with Glimpsing New Roads" for the ization and Sunday school de- Him." At the head of each de- program, the guide being a partment a given field or coun- partment is also a stanza of an young woman. try in which the denomination appropriate poem, such as this Burma was the theme for the January session. There were a maintains mission work, in or- for the Missionary: Dak Bun g a low Luncheon, der that old study books, letters, Through desert ways, dark fen and "Grades and Curves" for the pictures, etc., may be examined deep morass, for information. Twenty-three Through jungles, desert ways and Guide Post-Luke 3: 4-6-and a mountain pass, program on "Mountain Trails in assignments were made, some- Build ye the road, falter not nor stay; Burma." Prepare across the earth the King's times more than one group co- White Cross (mission hospioperating on a topic. The study Highway. tal) work was under way in Febculminated in early December in a three-days' exposition, turning And for the Worlef Wide Guild ruary. Luncheon was served at the entire church into a "world" (young women's organization) : "The Wayside Inn"; the Guide Post was "The Emergency Staand displaying the returns from And where the vanguard rest today tion," Luke 10: 25-37; with "Sathe study in booths, pictures, The rear shall camp tomorrow. maritans on the Road" as the graphs, talks, pageants, etc., arranged by different units in the This organization has its peri- subject of the missionary seschurch. Research like this will od of industrial work in the fore- sion. often yield more than cut-and- noon, its luncheon, its business In March the topic is "Chris- session with ensuing song serv- tian Education." Luncheon is dried textbook material. ice, its devotional periods, and scheduled to be served at "The A GOOD UNIFIED PROGRAM finally the missionary program. Half-Way House," with school Your Department Editor re- The luncheons are all shaped up seniors as guests. The Guide ceives repeated requests for in motifs, decorations and menus Post is "One Way Road"-John series of programs, all ready to to the theme for the day: the 14: 6. "A Skyline Drive" will use with adaptations. We are song service is called, "Songs be featured in the program. glad to present a fresh series Along the Way," and the devo- Home Missions will be taken from the woman's society in the tional period is designated the up in April, with a "Roadside First Baptist Church of Santa "Guide Post." At the September Cafe" for the meal, a "Winding Ana, California. It evidences meeting, a box luncheon was Road" Guide Post-Isa. 30: 21careful thought, research and a served as the tourists began, and "Easterners on Western mind to give the very best of "One Year's Journey," and the Roads" at the formal service. one's endeavor to definite King- Guide Post was entitled, "Stop! In May "South India" will be dom building. The subject is, Look! Listen!" with Isaiah 55: featured. There is to be "A Pad- "Christ of the Beckoning Road" ; 6-9 as the keynote. Then fol- dyfield Luncheon" at which rice and as an artistic, faintly lowed the program on "Blazing will undoubtedly be the piece de sketched background for every the Trail." Any pioneer mission- resi'stance. The Guide Post printed page there appears a ary work or the early features of reads, "Dangerous But Passbeautiful highway leading up- endeavor at one station would able," 2 Cor. 11: 24-33, and the ward past a wayside cross. The fit in, with the program leader topic is "Jungle Paths." motif on the first inside page is: termed the Guide. An Americanization meeting "And an highway shall be there, In October came a civics pro- comes in June, the luncheon be- and a way, and it shall be called gram, with a picnic dinner hon- ing termed "Curb Service," the

Guide Post, "No Left Turn"- (dramatization of a month's is- This unique correlation be- Josh. 1: 7, 8-and· the program, sue of the denominational maga- tween program and social fea- "Courtesies of the Road." zine, Missions); "A Study in tures is worth trying and lends itself to much ingenuity, espe- The series closes in July with Darkness and Light" (address cially in communities where the the annual meeting, luncheon to by missionary worker); "Keep- church needs to be the social as be served at "An Alpine Tav- well as the religious center. ern," the Guide Post appropri- ing the Home Fires Burningately placed "At the Summit"- The Annual Campfire and Busi- THE DAY OF PRAYER 2' Tim. 4: 7, 8-and the meeting ness Meeting"; "Candles of the termed "The End of the Trail." March 8th marks that impor- Lord-a Memorial Service for tant event. While ready-made The final poem among the Past Leaders"; "The Farther outlines furnished by denominanumber in this beautiful pro- Lights-a Meteor Shower" (re- tional as well as undenominagram booklet is : ception of gifts for some mission tional organizations render de- station according to ascertained tailed plans in this Department I do not know the road o'er which unnecessary, we wish to stress My feet must run the race, needs). Leaders of these several the importance of more than a meetings were designated as Dis- perfunctory observance. Prayer But I do know though rough it be, furnishes not only our guidance Though steep in many a place, tributors of the Light, Lamp but our dynamic. "Only men Lighters, Projectors, Heralds of and women in personal relation- That He has said: "Sufficient the Star, Torch Bearers, Path- ship with the Holy Spirit receive Is my grace" finders, Bonfire Builders, Search His teachings, feel His power As I go on. Lights, Service Lights, Star and become His effective agents …… Neither plans, however Your editor has no intimate Dust, etc. The officers were clever, nor organizations, howdetails of this series, although listed as Headlights and the cir- ever efficient, can accomplish she knows personally the caliber cle leaders as the Cluster Lights. spiritual results unless they are of the activating membership; spiritually conceived, inspired but it is quite possible that the Mrs. Maude Rose Wellman, and supported." corresponding secretary, Mrs. Charles A. Harp, 419 West the social chairman, writes of Prayer is the tide for which the vessels Washington St., Santa Ana, Cal- the correlated meetings: wait ifornia, might be willing to let her light shine a bit farther if an At the opening birthday rally the Ere they can come to port. And if occasional request were made ac- social feature was termed "Following it be companied by a stamped, self- the Gleam to Our Natal Day," each addressed envelope. entrant being given a symbol indica- The tide is low, how then canst th()u tive of the month in which she was expect COORDINATING SOCIAL AND MIS- born (sketches of snow flakes, fire crackers, roses, etc.) which furnished The treasure ship to see? SIONARY a clue to lead her to the table assigned to that month and decorated corre- Thousands of our invalid or In the woman's society of the spondingly. Appropriate songs and elderly folk may carryon their Granville, Ohio, Baptist Church, jingles for these months were inter- former work by way of the a social hour follows the mis- spersed with the luncheon. Throne, by enlisting as "prayer sionary program; and this year partners" of some efficient misthe unique plan of linking up Some of the other coordinated topics sionary worker, interceding conthemes for the two sessions was were: Following the Gleam over Land stantly for work they have devised. The general topic for and Sea (exhibit of curios from a num- adopted as their own. "Shut-in the year is "Light." The suc- ber of mission fields with demonstra- But Not Shut-out" is the unique cessive missionary programs are ti()ns by costumed hostesses); Through title of a leaflet dealing with this entitled "The Lights of Home- the Orchard (guessing games with method of restoring the joy of Autumn Rally and Luncheon"; fruits); To High Lights of History service to earnest souls in life's "The Searchlight of Christian (character guessing game); Into Erin sidelines. Patriotism" (evening meeting (celebrating St. Patrick's Day); Into jus t before November elec- the Mission Fields; Through a Treas- "Money-that is what I want tions) ; "Oriental Lantern Bear- ure Hunt (for hidden parcels brought to learn from Him above allers in America" (dramatiza- for the donation of gifts), etc. money the cause of so much tion); "Rays of Light from the temptation and sin and s9rrow Sunrise Kingdom" (dramatiza- At the meeting where Japan was and eternal loss; money as it is tion of the study book, "Japa- the topic, "Following the Gleam into received and administered and nese Women Speak"); "In the the Garden" was carried out in the distributed at the feet of Jesus, Light of the Christmas Star" following manner: Leaves were cut the Lord of the Treasury, be- (cantata or dramatic sketch, fol- from paper of an appropriate green comes one of God's choicest chanlowed by social for the Sunday and each leaf bore a letter in the name nels of grace to myself and othschool); "T h e Festival of of some Japanese flower or fruit. To ers."-Andrew Murray. Lights" (all-church dinner in group the letters ()f one word, the reevening, with elaborate program verse side of each letter in a given honoring missionaries and their word was inscribed with a number. families); "The Torch of Wis- For instance all the letters in the word dom-a L i v i n g Magazine" "chrysanthemum" bore the number one on its back, and so on. The groups having the same number worked to- gether to guess the word. After these names of flowers were completed, Jap- anese games were provided-Gomoku, a game similar to our logomachy; Jan Kim Po and a Japanese fish game. The rooms were decorated with Jap- anese lanterns and cherry blossoms made from crepe paper and attached to twigs to suggest a Japanese garden.

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BULLETIN OF The Council of Women for Home Missions ANNE SEESHOLTZ, EXECUTIVE SECRETARY, 105 EAST TWENTY-SECOND STREET, NEW YORK ~'~I ~~==~========~====~~ " … of Such an Astonishment" viduals, classes, races, and na- ines he is somebody, he is deceiv- tions. ing himself, for he is nobody; let VVhosoever on ye night of ye In the United States of Amer- everyone bring his own wor,k to nativity of ye young Lord Jesus, the test-then he will have somein ye great snows, shall fare ica the VVorld Day of Prayer thing to boast about on his own Offerings will, unless specially account, and not in comparison forth bearing a succulent bone designated, be divided equally with his fellows. FOR EVERYfor ye loste and lamenting among four missionary projects, ONE WILL HAVE TO BEAR hounde, a wisp of hay for ye namely, Christian literature for HIS OWN LOAD OF RESPONshivering horse, a cloak of warm women and children in Mission SIBILITY.

raiment for ye stranded way- lands, VVomen's Union Christian -From Letter to Galatians, farer, a bundle of faggots for ye colleges of other lands, Religious Moffatt Translation. twittering crone, a flagon of red VVork among students of U. S., ". . . of Such Astonishment" wine for him whose marrow Indian day and boarding school~, withers, a garland of bright ber- and Christian service among MI- Except the.Lord build the house, ries for one who had worn grant laborers and their chil- They labour in vain that build chains, gay arias of lute and dren. [The offerings may be sent it: harp for all huddled birds who directly to the editor for distri- Except the Lord keep the city, thought that song was dead, and The watchman waketh but in divers lush sweet meats for such bution.J babes' faces as peer from lonely It is well for us as we enter vain. And it shall come to pass that windows-to him shall be prof- upon this world-wide prayer and fered and returned gifts of such service to read the excerpt from the mountain of the an astonishment as will rival the St. Paul's letter to the church in Lord's house shall be eshues of the peacock and the har- Galatia from which the theme is tablished in the top of the mountains, and shall be monies of Heaven, so that taken- exalted above the hills though he live to ye greate age- Brothers, you were called to and all nations shall flow into it. when man goes stooping and be free; onl11 do not make your Except the Lord build the house querulous-yet shall he walk up- freedom an opening for the flesh, They labour in vain that build it. right and remembering, as one but serve one another in love. For the entire Law is summed whose heart shines like a greate up in one word, in, You must love star in his breast. you r neighbor as yourself -Source Unknown. (whereas, if you snap at each , Bringe ye all the tithes into the other and prey upon each other, World Day of Prayer for take care in case you destroy one storehouse Missions another) ….. . That there may be meat in mine the First Friday in Lent The harvest of the Spirit is house, March 8, 1935 love, joy, peace, good, temper, And prove me now herewith, The theme for the day's medi- kindliness, generosity, fidelity, saith the Lord of Hosts, tation and prayer throughout gentleness, self-control: – there the world is "Bear ye one anoth- is no law against those who prac- And prove me now herewith, if er's burdens." Together the I will not open you the world on this day will be pray- tice such things . …. .As we live windows of heaven and ing for the missionary enter- by the Spirit, let us be guided. by pour out a blessing that prise and for all who share the Spirit; let us have no vamty, therein; for a quickened con- no provoking, no envy of one an- there shall not be room science toward the world's bur- other. Even if anyone is detected enough, that there shall den bearers; for courage to in some trespass, brothers, you stand for the right and willing- not be room enough to reness to accept the sacrifices in- are spiritual, 'you must set the of- ceive it. fender right in a spirit of gentle- .Bring ye all the tithes into the storehouse ness; let each look to himself, in And prove me now herewith case he too is tempted. BEAR saith the Lord of hosts.

volved for us all in the building ONE ANOTHER'S BURDENS, The above scriptural song, written of a better world; for justice AND SO FULFILL THE LAW by James G. MacDermid, is published and understanding among indi- in two keys by Forster, 218 South OF CHRIST. 1/ anyone imag- Wabash, Chicago. 40 cents. , [143 ]

MIGRANT CENTER BASEBALL TEAM WAITING TO BE FED I found the little fellow in an old dark stall. I could just make out his DEAR FRIENDS: the active cooperation of State form lying in bed. The father brought out an old kerosene lamp which helped. Those of you who are meeting Departments of Education and I could see he was critically ill and on this WorId Day of· Prayer are Health. that if he made the long 35-mile trip among the best friends of the over the mountain to the hospital, it migrant children. Much has At the Christian centers in might be too late, but that was his been accomplished in Migrant many camps, hundreds of chil- only chance. This suggestion terrified Work this last year. Your gifts dren not only were protected the mother. "But he too sick; I'm on the last WorId Day of Prayer afraid he die! Only two months ago, helped tremendously. Cooperat- from exposure in the fields and little Mary die with pneumonia while ing on State Labor Standards the dangers 'of cannery machin- we are 'in cots.' " Committees, and through the ery, but they grew stronger Federal Children's Bureau and physically and spiritually. You Finally she consented. Typhoidsimilar bodies, the Council of cannot imagine how we have pneumonia was the diagnosis. For Women for Home Missions has days the doctors held out no hope for worked on various phases of the struggled to carryon within the his recovery. Then he began to imsituation, such as hours, wages, budget. It has meant volunteer prove slowly and soon was out of danand child labor. Those employed service on the part of many ger. Surely a loving Father watches in agriculture are still unpro- young women and the doing over and cares for these little wandertected by the codes that have be- ers. come effective in so many lines without much needed equipment. of work. Carrying a program for 40 or 50 Faithfully yours, While at work on the problem children, ranging in age from in- COUNCIL OF WOMEN FOR fancy to 9 or 10 years, through- HOME MISSIONS. itself, the Christian social serv- out a 12-hour day, is not easy. Our youngest was 21 days old! *** ice has gone forward with rather remarkable success in 30 fields In the evenings and on Sundays, DEAR FRIENDS: in 11 states, with increasing co- the young people and adults need operation of employers and local leadership. A visitor at a center Please remember me, toogroups in migrant areas. We Indian American Youth. have in mind one field in particu- marveled at the accomplishlar. Three years ago we entered ments and her comment was, REBECCA EVANS the Connecticut Valley tobacco "So much with so little " Miss Winner of the Health and Beauty Contest, situation when many leaders in Barnes, who is known as the that area declared there was no' "angel of the cotton camps," Indian Presbyterian, U. S. A., MisSion, need for work. Last summer writes: Ganado, Arizona these leaders not only recognized the need but provided for a pro- Late one afternoon as I was hurry- We of the Church whO work gram on four plantations instead ing home, some one stopped me. In an with the Indian American are of one. In two states this past old barn a short distance away; a little learning that ours must be a year, for the first time, we had boy was very ill. With a sigh of relief ministry to the whole personal- the mother greeted me for we had met ity. Our pattern is "the beauty the year before "in peas." "My little and grace of the Lord Jesus boy, he have too much fever and talk Christ." too much at night. He been sick ten days. We took him once to doctor but have no money to take him back. The doctor say he too sick, should send for him earlier but we have no money."

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1 OUf W orld~wide Outlook ~1,1, ~-, A Missionary Newspaper of Current Events ~ NORTH AMERICA WJBK-Detroit, Mich. Isaacs, retired clothing manufac- Need for Home Missions WIP-Philadelphia, Pa. turer, left about $875,000 out- Let those who assert there is right to sixteen Catholic, Jewish KQV-Pittsburg, Pa. and Protestant welfare agencies WPRO-Providence, R. I.

WHBF-Rock Island, Ill. WIL-St. Louis, Mo. no need for home missions pon- which is divided between the folder the following: The Home WTNJ-Trenton, N. J. lowing institutions: Federation Missions Council recently re- WOL-Washington, D. C. for the Support of Jewish Philported that there are 10,000 vil- WIXBS-Waterbury, Conn. anthropic Societies; Brooklyn lages in the United States with- These programs will inform Federation of Jewish Charities; out a church of any kind. There and interest people in the world- Catholic Charities of the Archare thirty thousand villages wide program of Christianity. diocese of New York; Federawithout a resident pastor. There Internationally known men and tion of Protestant WeI far e are more than thirteen million women will speak out of their ex- Agencies; New York Guild for North American children, under perience of Christil:m work all the Jewish Blind; Hebrew Natwelve years of age, who are not over the world and outstanding tional Orphan Home; The Cath- missionaries and Christian na- olic Guardian Society; Associain church or Sunday school. tionals of other lands will give tion to Aid Crippled Children; Kentucky Mountaineers vital messages, news events, and New York Institution for the In- answer questions. Comments struction of the Deaf and Dumb; Clear Creek M 0 u n t a i n and suggestions on these pro- Young Men's Hebrew Associa- Springs, Inc., with Dr. L. C. grams will be heartily welcomed. tion of Borough Park; Camp Kelly of Pineville, Ky., as Presi- Inquiries should be addressed to Sussex, Inc.; Harlem Home of dent, is an organization designed your nearest station. the Daughters of Israel; United to help mountain people of Ken- Jewish Aid Society; St. Pattucky. (See page 232 May RE- A Forward Movement rick's Home for the Aged and VIEW.) During the past summer Infirm; Society for the Relief of a school was held which reached Plans for a forward movement Half Orphans and Destitute in 1,200 people. A camp for boys of sweeping proportions, aimed the City of New York. had an attendance of 185, and a to revitalize and invigorate the camp for girls had an attendance missions of the Protestant Epis- A Children's Church of 145. For four weeks a moun- copal Church, were adopted at a tain preachers' school brought meeting of the Joint Commis- An i n t e r den 0 min atogether sixty ministers, from sion. The movement aims to re- tional church, with its memberfifteen district associations. vitalize the spiritual life of the ship made up exclusively of church in every branch of its children, has been organized at -Watchman-Examiner. work. the Ohio Soldiers' and Sailors' Orphans' Home in Xenia, Ohio. Missions on the Radio Each church member will be It is believed to be the first of urged to live up to his full re- its kind. Chaplain C. C. Haukins Through the courtesy of the sponsibilities as a Christian dis- has spent ten years of research American Broadcasting System ciple, by regular prayer and in planning its organization. the Foreign Missions Confer- meditation, sincere repentance, ence of North America is spon- unfailing attendance at worship, A committee of chi I d r e n, soring a 15 minute program on outpouring of money and serv- guided by Chaplain Haukins, Friday afternoons at 3 o'clock, ice. No new organization is to wrote the Constitution of this Eastern Standard Time, known be set up; the work will be "Community Church for Chrisas the "World of Missions." This through existing departments. tian Youth," and it will be afprogram is available on the fol- filiated with the Community lowing stations: -The Churchman. Church Workers of the U. S. A.

WMCA-New York City. Unusual Jewish Bequest The executive secretary of that WABY-Albany, N. Y. organization, Richard E. Shields, WCBM-Baltimore, Md. Protestant, Catholic and J ew- has given personal attention to WHDH-Boston, Mass. ish charities r e c e i v e d their the development of the plan and WEHR-Buffalo, N. Y. largest Christmas gift when the was present at the installation WJJD-Chicago, Ill. will of Reuben M. Isaacs was probated December 24. Mr. of officers. More than 100 chil- WFBE-Cincinnati, Ohio. dren are charter members. WDEL-Wilmington, Del.

[145 ]

Medical Missions Conference sider Christian missions as a sep- on the opening Sunday, preached arate project, without any par- by a visiting minister, was on Under the auspices of the For- ticular relationship to the local "How Large Is Your World?" eign Missions Conference sev- parish program but no church this being a background for enty-five doctors and nurses can remain vigorous in a spir- eight nights' study of "Christ in from more than twelve foreign itual sense and surrender its Our Modern World." Ruth T. countries met for their fifth bien- vision of its world-wide mis- Fulton, in a statement sent to nial Medical Missions Confer- sion." the Missionary Education Moveence in New York City, Decem- ment, says: ber 13-15. Papers were pre- Islam' in America sented on tropical and oriental At 4: 30 p. m. the curtains of our diseases, preventive medicine The Moorish Science Temple small world and individual prejudices and the health problem of wom- of America is a national organ- were pushed back to welcome to the en candidates and missionaries. ization, founded by Noble Drew Home a colored girls' quartet (brought The way in which different gov- Ali with religious, social and hu- from a near-by school) who had come ernments view the missionary manitarian purposes; among to give our opening program at night physician ranges from definite other beliefs they maintain that at the School of Missions. Langdon restrictions, as in Turkey, to ap- Noble Drew Ali was a prophet girls for the most part erased lingerproval with financial coopera- descended from Mohammed and ing and long-felt race feelings, evition, as in Congo BeIge. Resolu- guided by his Father God Allah; denced by the desire to meet these tions adopted by the conference that colored people and Moors girls of a duskier skin and eat with called for a concerted effort to descended from ancient Moab- them. There were still, however, bring church members to a ites, who left the North Western those who emphatically said, "My deeper appreciation of the "min- and South Western shores of Af- mother taught me never to associate istry of healing"; of the impor- rica; that the names colored with them," or, "I certainly don't tance of establishing more med- folks, black people or Ethiopians want to eat with them"; and so these ical colleges to train native phy- and Negroes are misnomers, be- looked with rather disapproving wonsicians, because of the decrease ing names applied to slaves by der upon our upper classmen who ate in the numbers of Western doc- slave holders; that Friday is a with the interesting guests. tors entering the service; of the holy day of rest; that love, advisability of having hospital truth, peace, freedom and j us- At the ensuing evening church management trend toward local tice must be proclaimed and service the small town turned control and of the necessity of practiced. out almost en masse to hear the having the Christian Church concert, at least a hundred peomaintain its leadership in for- The organization has more ple standing for an hour and a eign hospital work. than 100,000 members in this half listening to "naIvely worded country who pay 50 cents a and strongly rhythmical spirit- Some Impressions in Mid-West month to local temples, and 25 uals." So warm was the wel- cents a month to the national coming feeling that even the girl Rev. Wilbur S. Derning re- body. Trouble recently arose in who quoted her mother's advice cently paid a visit to the Con- Moorish Science Temple number said, the following morning, "1 gregational Christian Churches 10 in Newark, N. J., over the don't have any race prejudice of Indiana, Illinois, Wisconsin payment of contributions to the any more." All the girls had and Missouri, speaking in 71 "reincarnated" Noble Drew Ali felt their world enlarge greatly. centers. He enumerates in Ad- when it was asserted the prophvance some of the impressions et "departed from this life in Crowds came so early to the received. The first impression the year 1929 and his return to study classes that a preliminary concerned the effectiveness with this earth is impossible in that song service had to be arranged which state organizations are short space of time, according to to fill the time of waiting. A working. He also found unity recognized conceptions of the grand pageant closed the school in the midst of diversity. Some Moorish Science T e m pie of on the eighth night. The total churches minister to rural, oth- America." -Moslem World. enrolment had been 429 (in a ers to urban and suburban small place) with an average atareas; some struggle with in- Mission Study Downs Race tendance of 308 over 175 the dustrial problems and shifting Prejudice year before. "Denominational populations, yet there was a high walls crumbled at least to common Christian fellowship At Mt. Vernon, Kentucky- the place where we can stand on and Dr. Derning was greatly im- the seat of Langdon Memorial foundations and join hands in a pressed by the sympathetic hear- Home, maintained by the Pres- completely united effort to face ing given to the missionary mes- byterian Board of National Mis- common world problems tosage. "I am fully convinced," sions for girls of the surround- gether and begin our practice of says Dr. Derning, "that the spir- ing region attending school at brotherhood in our own comitual health of a church and its Mt. Vernon-a c omm u n i ty munity." mISSIOnary horizon are closely school of missions was held last connected. Some may still con- year which had most valuable LATIN AMERICA corollaries. The morning sermon Putting Pressure on Mexico Three Protestant denomina- tional papers recently made

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

stern protest against persecu- they could not read. Occasionally an ligious and social field; and (c) tion in Mexico. The Christian enemy was found. Anything which the Council of Religious Educa- Advocate, of the Met hod is t took the mind away from work did not tion, whose end is to promote co- Church, South: "The govern- meet with the supervisor's approval. operation, especially in the ment has struck hard at the One of our converts, a tall Guaiqueri sphere of religious education. Church, with the result that re- Indian, told me of his experience in ligious freedom and education Maracaibo. He was almost over- Leper Colony in Paraguay are imperiled. . . . Any nation whelmed one morning as he saw the which limits the freedom of reli- sin and vice on every hand, following Paraguay has set aside 2,500 gion and of education to teach in the wake of the oil boom. Later he acres of land about 75 miles the truth, and establish moral noticed one of his countrymen pass by from Asuncion to be used as a principles in the minds of the with a Bible and hymnal in his hand leper colony. Initial plans call people turns back the clock of and saw him enter the Evangelical for the construction of 36 cottime, and invites the return of Church. He thought of the times tages. For this work and for the Dark Ages." when he had buried his arms in de- the cleaning up of the land the cayed oysters in an old hull and government is at present using The Lutheran: "Lutherans of brought up shining pearls; so these Bolivian prisoners. Plans pro- America will not approve the en- human gems, he thought, are reached vide also for the construction of forced displacement of the Chris- by Christ's arms and are brought up a general hospital, a laboratory tian religion by atheism. . . . out of the corruption of sin. and other necessary buildings. We have sympathy for the vic- This will furnish refuge not only tims of Mexican politicians and Federation in Brazil to the lepers in Paraguay, of we believe a godless government which perhaps there are more a dangerous neighbor of our own Progressive efforts tow a r d than 5,000, but also to the many nation." Protestant cooperation have been others on the continent who may made in Brazil during the last 30 be able to go there. The New Outlook, Un i ted years. In 1903 the Brazilian Church of Canada: "A fanatic Evangelical Alliance was organ- Dr. Webster E. Browning, strain marks the group now in ized; in 1910 the Evangelical after a careful survey, estimates power at the Mexican capital, Council of Religious Education that there are more than 75,000 and it is doubtful whether the was formed. As a result of the lepers in South America, not protest of the outside Churches Panama Congress in 1916, the more than 5,000 of whom are will have any salutary effect at Brazilian Committee on Coop- cared for in any institution. the moment. . . . The ineradi- eration in Christian Work was The new colony is under the gencable religious impulses of the formed, one of the most effective eral direction of the council of human heart will ultimately pieces of constructive work yet the medical faculty of the Namean the restoration to the done in Brazil. The Federation tional university, and Dr. John Catholic Church of the free of Evangelical Churches was or- Hay has been named director. exercise of its rights and teach- ganized in 1931. Almost the last ings." work of Rev. Erasmo Braga who -The Christian Century. died in 1932 was to outline in Other periodicals – Rom a n clear terms the sphere of serv- Birth of an Indian Church Catholic, Hebrew and Protestant ice for each of these organiza- -have also voiced vigorous pro- tions. A plan was submitted in The Inland South America tests. December, 1933, to all cooper- Missionary Union reports prog- ating societies, embodying a con- ress in evangelizing the Forest Pearl Fishers of Venezuela stitution for "The Evangelical Indians of South America. Bur- Confederation of BraziL" Five ity is a colony of 400 Terena In- Rev. Donald Turner, of the of these denominational bodies dians, and two years ago Mr. and Orinoco River Mission, has been met in 1934 and approved the Mrs. William Hunrichs spent working among the pearl fishers plan. The two Bible Societies, seven months among them. of Venezuela, with the help of the British and Foreign and the Later, a school was organized. the National Bible Society of American, and several cooper- Except for occasional visits, the Scotland. In the Quarterly Rec- ating societies and foreign mis- work is now in the care of naord of that Society he gives a sion boards likewise gave their tive pastors from Bananal, 100 glimpse of this work. approval. On June 19, the body miles away. was definitely organized. The In the Dio8 Te Salve we sailed for constitution provides that "the This embryonic church is a the pearl fishers' huts along the coast three departments of the Con- missionary force and the memof the Carribean. We had not been federation are as follows: (a) bers have been preaching among out long before we appreciated the The C 0 u n c i I of Evangelical the scattered white farmers, meaning of the boat's name, "May God Churches of Brazil, for the pur- many of whom have accepted the save you." The sailors sighted several pose of publicly representing Gospel. One man, a leader of sharks, one almost as long as our boat. Protestantism and treating of evident strength of character, Soon we landed at Las Maritas. As matters pertaining to inter-ec- tells an amazing story of sufferwe went from one palm hut to another clesiastical relations; (b) the ing from witchcraft and demon offering Scriptures we were given va- Council of Cooperation, whose possession from which he has rious receptions. Some took the litera- object is to attend to general in- been entirely liberated since acture eagerly, saying that they had terests of cooperation in the reread such before and liked the Gospel. Others were indifferent, and said that

cepting the Gospel, brought by ders have been busy planting preserved and continue to funcone of the Indians from the col- tion. ony of Burity. Oriental branches of their or- Because of the difficulty of get- -Amazon Valley Indian. ders. These have adopted the ting money out of Germany to the foreign mission fields, the EUROPE eastern ritual, a thing which is Executive Committee was re- quested to notify the Church German Missions in Difficulty unique in the history of the through the press not to send any gifts for foreign missions to The annual report of the Leip- Catholic Church. Novitiates on Germany. American contribuzig Mission: tors may send gifts to Dr. Ralph the Russian border of Poland H. Long, Director of the Na- "The great changes in State tional Lutheran Council, 39 East and Church in Germany cannot are holding themselves in readi- 35th Street, New York City, and for long leave the missionary so- friends in non-German countries cieties untouched. They too will ness for the coming work in of Europe may send to Dr. Alhave to undergo changes in cer- fred T. Jorgensen, Vendergades tain aspects. With this in mind, Russia. Table lessons are read 28, Copenhagen, Denmark. the leaders of the German missionary societies are endeavor- in four Slav languages by turns The third Lutheran WorId ing to prepare the way for great- Convention will be held in Paris, er unification of the missionary and in the chapel the mass is in October 13-20, 1935. life, but this will not be possible until the Church itself has found Russian, as well as the calenda"r. Protestants in Italy a fixed form. In 1930 the conversions had Protestants, who are also "In a quiet way the Leipzig called Evangelicals, in Italy are and the Neuendettelsau Missions mounted to 300. C. T. B. not so weak numerically as many have taken an important step to- may believe. The government ward closer cooperation at the Lutheran World Convention census of 1911 estimated their home base and to divide all gifts number as 123,000. Since that received for both corporations The annual meeting of the time no religious census has been on the basis of a fixed ratio so as Executive Committee of the taken, but at present one may to prevent rivalry. It is hoped Lutheran World Convention for safely estimate the number of that by means of this collabora- 1934 was held November 12-20 Protestants as 200,000 communition the love of the Bavarian at Munich, Germany. Luther- cants. If we include catechumens, congregations for missions may ans of Munich declared that the sympathizers and other friends, be strengthened. mere appearance of the Execu- this number would be much tive Committee at this time for larger. "The missions are grievously a meeting in Germany was a affected by the contests now tak- source of helpful moral support Mussolini has written to all ing place in the Church and educators in Italy, according to there is danger that the missions to them in view of the issues the Watchman-Examiner, recomwill be ground between the exist- they have to meet. Enthusiasm mending the use of the New ing antitheses." shown by students and profes- Testament as follows: sors at a meeting of the Commit- Roman Catholic Methods tee at the University of Munich All professors and teachers shall attested the support of academic read the New Testament, shall ex- The Evanglisiches Missions- circles; while the farmers of plain this divine book to the children, magazin (Basel) reports on new Bavaria showed where they and see to it that they memorize the missionary methods employed stand when they sent a delega- best passages. This wok shall not be by the Roman Catholic Church. tion to Berlin to confer with Hit- missing in any school library, for it is F. X. Schrenck discusses the ler about pending issues, to ever new throughout the centuries. It question of a coming union be- whom unafraid, they said: "If is the greatest of all books, the most tween the Roman Catholic ''and the choice is between party and necessary of all books, because it is the Greek Orthodox Churches. ' church, although we have hither- divine. The national government de- to been loyal members of your sires by it tQ capture the children, and Pope Benedict XV founded a party, we choose the Church, for through them the soul of the Italian -p a par congregation separate we must obey God rather than people, for the discovery of the sure from the Propaganda, for the man." way which will lead the Fatherland Oriental churches. Next, Pius to the worthiest and truest greatness. XI founded the "Oriental Insti- The physical and spiritual distute" for the cultivation of ori- tress of Russian Lutherans, and Peasant Youth Movement ental sciences. In 1928 occurred the crisis upon Austrian Protesthe founding of the Russian Col- tants were considered. Other Last summer, in a small Eslege in Rome, the school for fu- vital problems were the plight of thonian village, the first conferture missionaries. minority Christian churches in ence of the Student Christian Rumania, and of most churches Movement in Esthonia was or- The most striking recent de- in the smaller countries border- ganized for the Russian peasant velopment is that occidental or- ing on Soviet Russia, from Fin- youth of that country. land on the North to the Black The response was extraor- Sea and Rumania on the South. The success of the Protestant movement in Ukrainia, already mentioned in the REVIEW, was ground for real encouragement.

Important missions i'n India, China and Africa, f 0 u n d e d through Lutheran Missionary Societies in Germany, have been

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

dinary. There were about 70 Symbolic Substitution year before. So it proved, when members present, of whom If present plans mature, by all the gifts came in. more than 50 were Russian -Woman's Missionary peasants, boys and girls, who 1937 ltussia will have a colossal Magazine. came from various parts of Es- symbol of the substitution of the thonia. Subjects discussed in- religion of communism for the Missionary Becomes an cluded: the Soul of the Russian religion of Christ, and of the Ethiopian Nation; Religion and Culture; the Life and Beliefs of Youth in deification of Lenin for the wor- Dr. Tom Lambie, well-known Soviet Russia, and Science and ship of God. Ground was broken medical missionary of the Sudan Religion. Daily church services last summer and construction Interior Mission, who worked were attended by large numbers was begun for the "Palace of the among Ethiopians for 30 years of peasants. Soviets," in Moscow, to occupy under the United Presbyterian Church, has decided that he can As a result of this conference the site where formerly stood the best present the Christian mesa Russian Christian Peasant world famous Cathedral of the sage by becoming an Ethiopian Youth M 0 vern e n t has been Saviour. It was demolished by citizen. Accordingly he has created, which has as its object: dynamite by government decree taken the oath of allegiance to shortly before Christmas three years ago. The structure will 1. To help its members to build their house the Soviet Congress, vari- His Majesty, Heila Selassie. private lives and the life of the Community on the foundation of Christian ous departments of government "Because of my love for Ethitruths. and two immense amphitheatres. opia," says Dr. Lambie, "because The building is planned to rise to 2. To organize missionary w 0 r k of my sincere desire to help her, among the unbelieving peasant youth. a height of 1,100 feet, 112 feet and because I believe that ac- 3. To assist one another in spiritual higher than the Empire State quiring Ethiopian citizenship is and cultural development. Building, so as to form a mighty the best thing I can do to further pedestal for a statue of Lenin the ends for which I have On the Polish-Russian Frontier that will rise 260 feet higher. worked for nearly 30 years, I do -Missions. now voluntarily become an Ethi- Rev. K. J. Jaroszewicz, as a opian citizen. representative of the Union of AFRICA Churches of Christ, spent the "I realize that there is an elepast summer in Poland and on Blind Evangelis,t's Faith ment of risk; that no matter what happens to me, I cannot apthe Russian border. The 40 con- Maallim Aziz, a blind evan- peal for American protection or ferences held were great evan- gelist in Assiut, Egypt, who died assistance, even in a matter of gelistic gatherings at which 100,- last year, was a man of unusual life or death, but I am prepared 000 heard the Gospel. Hunger character and influence. His work was akin to that of a Bible- to take that risk if it might be for the Word is best described woman; being blind, he could true, that to the Ethiopians I by the following incident which visit in the homes, and visit he might become as an Ethiopian, was a typical experience. that I might win the Ethiopians Arriving at Pinsk very late Satur- did with great faithfulness. He to Christ. day night, the local preacher tried to had a singular disregard for "To our friends in America hide us from the crowd which was al- money. One family was so apready on hand for the meetings of the preciative of his work that they and elsewhere, I need hardly add next day. He told the people that insisted he should make them a that I venture the hope that rethey could remain in the chapel over weekly visit for which they lationships •with them will be night, to sing, pray, talk and read the would pay him a dollar a month. even closer than ever. It will Bible, and that the first meeting would After a while he felt he was not not prevent visiting America start early in the morning. free to follow God's leading in whenever we wi.sh. As Paul the use of his time owing to this writes to the Philippians, our We went into the barn on the hay engagement. "I am a poor citizenship in in heaven from to try to get some sleep, but by the man," he said. My communion whence also we look for a Savtime we had nicely fixed ourselves the with God is the only treasure I iour." visitors discovered where we were. have. I cannot afford to give it These exclamations followed: "We up for a dollar." -United Presbyterian. have been waiting so long for you. It is not right that you should lie down In 1932 it seemed impossible A Missionary's Interruptions in sleep .while we have been waiting that the 'Assiut Thank-Offering three years for you!" There was noth- could equal that of the previous Those who offer prayers for ing to do but to climb out of the hay year in view of the financial de- missionaries should petition that and go to the chapel and preach to they may keep their poise in the them. When our host came in the midst of interruptions. A mismorning to call us we were in the chapel still. He took us home and gave us a little breakfast and about two hours of rest. The first service pression, and plans were made sionary in West Africa who sat started at 8 a. m. and closed at 1 p. m., for curtailing the work. Then with a full hundred converts. Aziz asked that such plans be down on a "normal" morning to type a letter home mentions the Everywhere one plea stood held in abeyance, saying he had following interruptions which out above the rest. It was for long been praying that the of- occurred before the letter was Bibles and missionaries. fering would not be less than the finished:

(1) An old faithful Christian comes out assistance from the Church WESTERN ASIA to discuss the boundary of his farm; Missionary Society. the local king is not settling the ques- The New Palestine tion as he should. (2) Two sawyers New Church in Tanganyika who have supplied timber for the While ancient Palestine may crafts come for payment and haggle The town which is, or will soon still be seen, a new Palestine for half an hour. (3) A deputation become the most important town with modern roads, farms and comes twelve miles to discuss the sit- on the east coast of Africa is factories is gradually emerging, uation caused by the death of the late Dar-es-Salaam, seat of govern- a transformation due to the comchief, and the difficulties arising from ment of Tanganyika Territory. ing of Jewish immigrants from the three claimants to the office. (4) The Episcopal Mission forces Europe and America. The J ew- A smaller deputation wants to know have just com pIe ted a new ish popUlation of Palestine has why their pupil teacher has been taken church there, for which the doubled in ten years. There are away, and requires proof that one can- Bishop of Zanzibar has been col- today more than 150 Jewish setnot have what one does not pay for. lecting funds for many years, tlements. Agriculture is being (5) I am called to the District Officer's from both Europeans and Afri- modernized, commerce stimucourt, where a young teacher is be- cans. The new church will be lated, and factories are built. ing prosecuted for libeling another used by both groups, in separate The country now claims fourth teacher. (6) The head master of the services, English and Swahili. place in the world market for lower middle school comes in with a The opening service was at- oranges. The Jordan's rapid question. (7) A youth who complains tended by the Governor and waters supply the country with that he is ill has to have his tempera- many other dignitaries, English electric energy, and even the ture taken and a dose administered. and African, and the form of Dead Sea yields through a scien- (8) Two ladies come to stay the week- service was printed in two lan- tific exploitation of its chemicals end, and to hold meetings. guages. Zanzibar is one of four a yearly income of millions of dioceses making up the field of dollars. The great majority of -C. M. S. Outlook. the Universities Mission to Cen- these Jews have little or no in- tral Africa. terest in religion; many openly African Enterprise declare their radical atheism. "Dorkasy" Society The story of two instances of – Watchman-Examiner. initiative comes from Kabete dis- The woman of Madagascar trict in Kenya. A school was has attained wide freedom; she In the Land of Bashan burned by a man who had op- reigns in her home, equally with posed the teaching of the Gospel. her husband, who often seeks her Mr. Arthur T. Upson who has Work was suspended for only advice. She also holds the fam- had a long experience in distribone day; on the second day it re- ily purse. uting Christian literature, espeopened under the trees where cially among Moslems, is now livfor some weeks school and serv- Attached to a I m 0 s t every ing in Nazareth. He recently ices were held. Meanwhile re- church is a Dorkasy, which is made a trip to the territory of building started almost at once. what the name suggests-a sew- Og, king of Bashan, lying in The Christian elders of the ing society. M e e tin g s are eastern Syria. In his account of church each offered what he usually held once a week to sew the trip he says: could towards the rebuilding- and work for the poor, and to one offered to give wattle trees, prepare for an annual sale of I preached in Arabic ten times in another stone, another nails, work, quite an elaborate affair. all, and in the various villages made others free labor. They then At these weekly meetings a short careful distribution of portions to sent a letter to all the other service is frequently held. These selected persons. On arriving at the churches in the Kab.ete district, societies each have their own house in a Druze village where the asking for help by work and by president, secretary and treas- meeting was to be held we found a gifts. In six weeks they had urer. Besides the weekly pay- very large room which easily accomraised a fund of over £15, suffi- ment which each member is sup- modated our audience of 60 or 70 percient to guarantee a better build- posed to pay, there are many sons. In the old Syrian style, a whole ing than the original. items of expense to be entered house consists of one such large room. week by week. Each Dorkasy No chairs, bedsteads, etc., are to be In another district there was is responsible for the expendi- found in these villages. Preacher and no church or school nearer than ture of its own money, and many hearers alike recline on rugs, some about six miles. A Christian causes receive assistance_ from supporting themselves on the right elder gave a plot of land and all them. The native missionary so- arm which rests on a pile of cushions. the wattle trees necessary for a ciety is helped twice a year; The audience formed three sides of a school-church, and undertook there are twenty-two native mis- square, facing us on the fourth side. full responsibility for the Sun- sionaries in the heathen parts of day services as soon as the the island, and the native church In one town, where three services church should be built. Every has supported this work for were held, a descendant of one of the school in the district gave its many years. -The Chronicle. old high Syrian families-now a fairly services and helped to build, and poor man-was given a copy of the when it was ready to be opened "Way of Salvation." Next night he there were sufficient funds in came again and told us he was sick of hand to equip it with a teacher a sinful life and wished to find the for one year. Both these proj- way of salvation. After the service ects were carried through with- we talked and prayed with him and his wife. At our third visit–a few days later-he told of his new joy in

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

finding Christ and that he now offers Great Britain's Inter – Varsity menial tasks, such as tending to a little family prayer with his wife. Fellowship, with two Indian the cattle, pounding the grain graduates, is m a kin g a six and sweeping the house. But -Scripture Gift Mission months' tour of the colleges, not she was a real Christian, and News. to start branches of the Fellow- these high caste people watching ship in India, but to share with her, were won by her faithful- Armenian Bible Centenary the students the experience of ness. The young woman who students in other parts of the led them to Christ and the girl A unique celebration among world who, having come into of the caste family have just enanniversaries and centennials vital touch with the Living tered the Bible Training School was held in New York City, De- Christ, are putting their shoul- in Nellore to train for definite cember 9. The year 1934 is re- ders to the missionary task. service. The caste girl is about garded as the 1500th anniver- twenty years old. She was marsary of the translation of the Proportion of Missionaries ried at the age of seven, and her whole Bible into Armenian. In husband died when she was nine. 434 A. D., two vigorous Arme- The United Church Record She is in the school, eating, sleepnians, Mesrop, tea c her and gives the percentage of mission- ing and living with those of the priest; and Sahak, a Patriarch, aries to the population of India. depressed classes." with the help of others, completed this first translation. BOMBAY PRESIDENCY: – Watchman-Examiner. They also inspired the translation of other works, stimulated One missionary to every 37,575 In- Pasumalai's Growth education, and brought about a dian population. renaissance of national religious Lloyd Lorbeer, manager of the and intellectual life that has in- UNITED PROVINCES: Congregational Training School fluenced all the varied history of at Pasumalai, writes that enrol- Armenia and the Armenians. One missionary to every 66,956 In- ment increased to 912 last year, The recent celebration was spon- dian population. and the increase was largely sored by the American Bible So- Hindu and Moslem. Parents ciety. -The Living Church. CENTRAL PROVINCES: appreciate more and more the home for their children where INDIA One missionary to every 42,639 In- they are surrounded twenty-four dian population. hours a day with a wholesome re- Need for Forward Movement ligious environment; there is no PUNJAB: caste or communal distinction. Red terror which oppresses Girls are increasing in numbers China is not lacking in India. One missionary to every 60,690 In- and in participation in school af- The Central Government has dian population. fairs, and eight of the forty-five warned provincial authorities to teachers are women. More boys take swift and stern action, and BURMA: are working to earn part of their Calcutta leads with mass demon- expenses, and work is being strations to strengthen the hands One missionary to ev~ry 37,700 In- looked upon more as a privilege. of authority. A more urgent, dian population. An ever larger portion of the evangelistic presentation of financial support is coming from Christianity to meet India's pres- MADRAS: Indian sources and the school ent need is the subject of impor- has become thoroughly indigetant articles in the Indian press. One missionary to every 41,124 In- nous. -Missionary Herald. Mass movements also are crit- dian population. ically surveyed, and the conclu- Roadside Dispensaries sion is reached that unless the CEYLON: converts receive systematic in- In a radio address, Dr. Ida struction and Church care after One missionary to every 32,973 In- Scudder told of the roadside disbaptism their value to the dian population. pensary work undertaken by the Church is largely negatived. At medical force in Vellore to meet Landour, the United Church of RAJPUTANA: the great need of neighboring Canada, American Presbyterian villages. This was begun in Mission, and the Methodist Epis- One missionary to every 14,363 In- 1909. copal Mission have been in con- dian population. ference, discussing the principles The people had been informed that of the indigenous expansion of CENTRAL INDIA: at an appointed time the following the Church. Practically all In- week medicines would be dispensed dian missions are grappling with One missionary to every 75,171 In- and anyone needing medical help the problem of bringing Indian dian population. would receive it-but the person must Christians to a realization of be along the roadside and hold up a their responsibility for evangel- However, these figures do not bottle if help were desired. The folizing their own people. tell the whole story, since half of lowing week we started forth in a the missionaries are engaged in one cylinder motor car-the only one Dr. Howard Guinness, of medical, educational and indus- at that time in our vicinity. The road trial work, thus giving to each was lined for its twenty-eight miles evangelistic missionary twice the number of population above specified.

Servant Wins Caste Family "On the Vinukonda fie I d, South India, there is a Kamma family which became Christian about two years ago, and are proof of the power of God," writes Florence Rowland, Bap- tist missionary of Ramapatnam. "They had had in their home an outcaste Christian, who did the

with the sick stretching forth their They readily grasped the essen- tion of a more Christian organbottles. In one way it was amusing, at the same time very pathetic. It tials of orderly debate. ization of the Chinese economic The chief problems w h i c h system, missionaries in Nanking showed the distress and the necessity for such help. After that trip, nine faced the conference were (1) are undertaking a new experi- stopping places were planned under the supply of the Tibetan min- ment. Silk weavers, thrown out great over-spreading trees where the sick could gather and wait for the istry, (2) the augmentation of of work by changing conditions, medical motor car. Now each week the staff of evangelists, (3) the are being taught to weave wool; the blind, the lame, the diseased of all reestablishing of the West Hima- and in addition to the technical kinds and the lepers are waiting for laya Local Board, (4) the revi- training a cooperative society of us. They come in hundreds, and the sion of rules and regulations the workers is being formed to days are filled with extreme activity. which grew out of past experi- share the profits. A further de- ence gathered since the last field velopment of the cooperative We meet diseases, the description of which do not seem to appear in our medical books of the West. Often conference of 192'0. idea was the organization of slight operations are done along the roadside-even to the extent of giving The growth of the church ih ricksha men, resulting in a chloroform for the worst cases. The the direction of a keener sense greatly improved e con 0 m i c very sick are treated and told to wait of responsibility, the desire for status for these lowly workers.

until evening when the ambulance will a workable machinery of church When the kind of organization return and take them to the hospital. So urgent has been the demand for government, and the urge for best suited to each situation has greater unity in church life off- been worked out on a small scale, this medical aid that at present we are covering four roads instead of set the meager numerical results it can be duplicated all over one. of long years of strenuous work China. It will be an effective Aged Convert in Mysore among these people. The keen challenge to Communism. The interest, and intelligent partici- program is to get college grad- Mr. Neilson, of Mysore City, pation in the debates, and the uates, men and women, to give unity of purpose among Tibetan tells of an Indian Christian from Christians presented a hopeful two years or more of their lives Dehra Dun, United Provinces, outlook for the future. eighty years old, who testifies to to going into these areas and livhaving been a convert from Is- -Moravian Missions. lam for the past fifty years. He ing very close to the people to Malayan Mission Jubilee was formerly a cloth merchant, find out their needs and then reand gave up his business in order Methodists in Malaya cele- brated the Jubilee of Methodist port higher up. From this exto travel through India preach- periment it is hoped a more ef- fective Christian civilization will emerge. -World Call.

ing and singing the Gospel in work in Singapore, Straits Set- Communists Active Urdu. Several opportunities of tlement in January. This miswitnessing for Christ were afforded him in Mysore. His re- sion was founded by Bishop A recrudescence of commumarkable memory, so abundantly James M. Thoburn. Bishop W. nist trouble is reported from the F. Oldham, the first Anglo-Chistored with Scripture verses (in nese School in Singapore, the diocese of Kwangsi-Hunan. The fact he claims to have memo- pioneer of a group of schools situation became so threatening that the Chinese clergy of the rized the entire Bible in Urdu) which now enroll 15,000 pupils has earned for him the title of C. M. S. asked all missionaries "Hafiz-i-Bible," w hi c h means was founded by Bishop W. F. (to leave for a time. Similar "One who has the whole Bible by Oldham who was pastor of the heart." His preaching, inter- first Methodist Church in Ma- troubles in Fukien prevented spersed by snatches of song, was laya, which now numbers 132 some missionaries from returnenjoyed by s eve r a I indoor churches. A forthcoming his- ing after their holidays. At groups; and it is hoped that this, Loyuan the hospital was looted, and his street message will find tory of Methodism's development and in the country districts a place in Moslem hearts. in Singapore will cover various phases of the work, including the around Lienkong the bishop -Fellowship of Faith for generous cooperation of the Chi- says, "A regular Soviet govern- nese; the devoted labors of In- ment has been set UP, with Sov- iet stamps, etc., and the redivi- Moslems. dian and Chinese pastors and sion of the land has actually been laymen; the missionaries who carried out. It may be some West Himalaya Field have carried the Good News to time before normal conditions laborers on distant rubber es- are restored."-The Christian. The future of the Moravian tates, to the Sakai aborigines, Mission in Western Tibet was and to thousands of Asiatic Eng- The General Tours the discussed at a field conference at lish-speaking people. Provinces . Leh last August. In recent years -The Christian Advocate. Tibetan Christians have devel- General Chiang Kai-shek and oped a keener sense of constitu- CHINA Madame Chiang have recently tional church government, so that they are in a better position New Task for Missions made an extensive itinerary, fly- ing to the widely scattered prothan formerly to legislate for the Feeling that the cooperative vincial cap ita I s throughout future church of Christ in Tibet. principle is one step in the direc- China, and other cities of com-

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

mercial and strategic impor- ological Seminary. It has grown a victrola with both Western and tance, in order to form closer under his leadership until there Chinese records is very popular contacts with the people. Five is now a congregation of 1,000 and the game of skittles is their years ago this would not have who meet every Sunday morning great delight. Reclining wicker been possible; the fact that the for an hour of reverential wor- chairs furnish a place to relax or general can now travel all over ship. All are earnest, eager stu- sleep, and a Chinese nurse looks China, without a bodyguard to dents from as many as six of the after the simpler medical needs. defend him against assassination schools in Swatow. Not only are In addition, "Thousand Characby rival war lords, is evidence of they deeply interested in this ter" lessons are provided, enprogress. They were enthusias- hour of worship, but they gear abling the coolie to lift himself tically received wherever they their religious enthusiasm to va- to the possibility of a better powent, and showed a deep interest rious projects to help Christian- sition. in the Christian movement. ize the community life. They explicitly sought to enlist -The Presbyterian Banner. An unforeseen development Christians in the "New Life has been the influx of children Movement" which is seeking to National Churches who come to listen to the music. enlist China's 400,000,000 people To keep the Shelter freed for the in a program which is in har- The National Christian Coun- men, the workers have contrived mony with Christian ideals, al- cil of China issues a Bulletin a Children's Hour with Bible though it makes no definite men- which gives some up-to-date fig- stories, music and games. tion of Christianity. ures in regard to Chinese Chris- tians. There are four national -The Living Church. -The Presbyterian Banner. churches: Anglican with 32,390 communicants; Lutheran with Women's Practical Service The Christian Drive in 1934 23,930; Presbyterian with 22,- 701 and Church of Christ (Un- The Women and Girls' Mis- The Chinese Recorder sums up ion) 119,746. In addition there sionary Service League has the achievements on evangelistic are numerous mission stations branches in the eleven dioceses lines during 1934. In general, maintained by missionary soci- of China. It was started about there have been many cam- eties whose headquarters are in thirteen years ago and is similar paigns of evangelism throughout Australia, England, America, to the Mothers' Union, with parthe churches. There has been an Canada, Germany, Nor way, ticular emphasis on the winning indigenous revival movement in Sweden, Denmark and Finland. o f non-Christians. Eve r y Shantung,-a movement within The China Inland Mission has Wednesday afternoon the M. S. Christian circles in China. The 77,277 baptized Christians; in L. members meet for Bible read- Bethel Band, a group of Chinese the missions of the British, Ca- ing and prayer, with a social evangelists, visited between Au- nadian, American and European hour. Requests for prayer and gust, 1930 and January, 1934, 91 Societies there are almost 400,- praise are given out and encourlarge cities, including the largest 000. The Lutheran Church in age many to pray and to witness. in population. In the same peri- China, known as "Sin I Hui," These meetings are attended by od they organized a total of 777 has 63 stations maintained by church workers, Bible women, Gospel teams throughout the ten churches and societies in oth- and volunteers; they are open country. Though linked with a er lands. In these missions there to any church member, whether foreign mission group the work are 326 missionaries, 58 Chinese rich or poor, educated or not edis thoroughly indigenous; its clergymen and 23,390 communi- ucated. leaders are all educated, its in-' cants. fluence is growing. The Oxford Each member is invited to Group Movement in China has Adventure in Brotherhood contribute at least one article to registered large growth in 1934. the annual sale usually held a Its main promotors have been The j inricksha coolie has a month before Christmas. This missionaries, although Chinese bitter lot. Underfed, exposed to sale realizes from $1,000 to $2,- are responding in many places. extremes of weather, exploited 000, and the proceeds are divided The Five Year Movement, clos- and despised, it is small wonder among the most pressing needs ing in 1934, has helped deepen his average life of service is only of the diocese, such as rent of the con sci 0 usn e s s of the 15 years. Unable to remain in- mission hall, training and supchurches as to their mission. different to the hard lot of these port of Bible women, and care of Lastly, In 1934 a Christian cam- men and boys-some begin at the sick. . paign for spiritual and moral the age of 10-the Protestant upbuilding among the youth of Episcopal Mission in Auking One League member holds a China was launched. opened a Ricksha Shelter a year children's service in her home ago to provide recreation, shel- once a week; others go into Chinese Youth Church ter, and rest to many tired men. heathen homes and teach the In winter a coal fire is provided Gospel. -C. M. S. Gleaner. S w a tow has a "Youth where the men can dry their wet Church," built up by Dr. D. H. garments and warm themselves; Suppom for Christian Colleges Zi, a graduate of Hartford The- hot tea is theirs for the asking; The China Colleges is the name of a new pUblication put out by the Associated Boards for

Christians Colleges in China. In ship and all the neighbors, in- ,JAPAN-CHOSEN its second issue it describes the vited and uninvited, drop in, too, way in which the Chinese are be- to see the excitement. By this A Positive Attitude ginning to share in the support system the family and friends at of Christian colleges. least discover what "family wor- Rev. L. C. M. Smythe was ship" is like. From this the cus- deeply impressed by two special For some time the national govern- tom has grown up during the meetings which he attended in ment has been quietly making a study last two years that any special Tokyo, and records the impresof all the universities and colleges in occasion be celebrated with a sion in the Christian Observer. China, apart from the government in- special meal and a family worstitutions, to determine which of them, ship service. It has increased These meetings were not nearly as in this time of economic stress, are very much the interchange of in- large as many I have seen here, one most worthy of public endorsement vitations among the church being of about 600 people and the othand support. A few weeks ago it an- women, and drawn them closer er perhaps half as many. But they nounced that it would this year grant to one another in the common were one hundred per cent; Japanese, $720,000, silver, to a selected list of purpose of penetrating more ef- and local. No missionary had anythirty-two institutions. All the uni- fectively their own homes and thing to do with getting them up, nor versities and colleges in the Associ- neighborhoods with the Good was any outside financial help or outated Boards are included in the list, News. side speaker obtained; the local and together will receive $232,000. churches and local pastors did the The National Government has recent- Children's Day in Soochow whole thing. Each meeting was adly turned over to the University of dressed by five men, pastors or lay- Nanking the first half of its gift of China has a National Chil- men, each speaking twenty minutes. $200,000, silver, for a new library dren's Day, and last year schools, Every man had something to say and building, and will soon be paying the churches, cit y organizations, said it. These were all Christian remainder. Nanking also receives shops, theaters, banks, news- speeches, from a Japanese viewpoint, from Chinese sources about $80,000 a papers, orphanages and factories without any compromise, declaring year for the support of its work in in Soochow-all did their best to that Christianity was Christianity and agriculture. make "Happiness for Children." not to be changed and accommodated to prevailing national needs; one man Revival in Shensi The program emphasized two declaring that Japan's mission to the phases of child life, public enter- world was to let Christianity work in The general secretary of the tainment and home life. In con- Japan, leaven the Japanese spirit, and Church of Christ in China, Dr. sidering the former, the question then give that to the world. One man C. Y. Cheng, with a team of as- of movies was the first to come brought out the fact that the Kingdom sociates recently concluded a re- up; a committee called on the of God is international and universal, treat in the far interior province manager of the Soochow Theater that no one nation can be saved withof Shensi among the churches of and was able to get the promise out all the others being saved, and the synod in that province. In of three performances for a very that when the Kingdom comes the one of the centers, 700 have been small cover charge. There were world becomes a great family of God.' baptized during the last 12 twelve hundred children packed months and 600 enquirers are at in for each performance on each Campaign for Aoyama Gakuin present in the course of training, of the three days. The Bureau preparatory to baptism. The of Public Safety sent six extra A year ago Aoyama Gakuin in membership has increased in policemen to protect the children Tokyo set out to raise 500,000 that one place 1000/0. During the from the traffic jam. yen, of which America was to three days conference, everyone supply 200,000. The Japanese of these 700 new communicants For the other phase of the soon found that in addition to and 500 old timers, 1,200 in all, program, "The Child in the their own three-fifths, they must were in attendance. Home," there was a complete ex- raise the American quota as well hibit at the Kong Hong Church -and they resolved to do it. The -The Presbyterian Banner. open each afternoon from two manager of the campaign was a to six o'clock, with lectures from Y. M. C. A. secretary, who gave Lunch and Family Prayers three to four. The child's desk, 'up a better salary to do the job. bookcase, magazine rack, books, He was a skillful organizer, but The typical Chinese woman of pictures, curtains, the well-se- the secret of his success was his the lower middle class has her lected toys and a place to put unceasing and importunate social contacts, except those in them, the games, a blackbeard prayer. The Christian Advocate the family, entirely with wom- to catch the marks that often reports that four-fifths of the en, as the man has his with men, mar the walls, blocks, tables, total has been pledged, mostly in the tea shops and in the rear and chairs – all gave valuable by Japanese, and there was a of small stores. The "Five-Year suggestions to the hundreds of fair prospect that the campaign Movement" has emphasized the parents seeking helps in develop- would go over the top with nuimportance of "family worship" ing their children into the best merous SUbscriptions, large and in the home. Many women can- of citizens. -World Outlook. small, from Japanese business not bring their families to see men who attended the school; a the value of this, so they begin fact which reveals the lasting inby inviting in a few Christian fluence of the school upon the friends for lunch, after which lives of its students. everyone gathers for family wor- Morale Must Be Maintained The usual amount for repairs allowed by business firms in J a-

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

pan is three per cent of the prop- two or three children's relief in- resenting many local societies in erty value. The Episcopal Mis- stitutions in the famine district, the churches of the Province, sion in Kyoto tries to get along and in addition to find as many adopted a constitution and with six-tenths of one per cent Christian families as possible agree to work for an extension for repairs, because of reduced who will take in girls in danger of information and interest in appropriation. But the moral of being sold into a life of vice. every church. Seventeen of the effect of neglect and delay is fifty places of worship reported. serious. "You know the spirit of -The Christian Century. Many important plans were the people here," one missionary made, looking toward deeper wrote after the last typhoon. Survey of Korea's Christian spirituality and larger service. "Repairs begin the moment the Population earthquake stops and the wind – Watchman-Examiner. falls. There is no despair. Anti- Korean Christians reported Christian papers are telling of the following figures at the jubi- Revising the Register America going communist and lee of the Presbyterian Mission churches going out of business in Korea: A recent checking was made and foreign missions b e i n g of the parish register for St. stopped; so we must show that Korean m e m b e r s of all Anne's Mission, Besao, and its we mean to go on." churches outstations, in the Philippine Islands. The staff devoted the Church for Deaf and Dumb Oriental Missionary Society. . 2,332 school vacation period to going Seventh Day Adventists …. 3,084 over everyone of the 2,027 Mr. K. Takahashi, graduate of English Church Mission …. 6,548 names on the register and ended North Japan College, has taught Salvation Army ………… 6,927 with but fifteen unidentified aftfor 20 years in an Osaka school Methodist Church ………. 19,555 er combing twenty or more surfor the blind, deaf and dumb. Presbyterian Church ……. 103,302 rounding villages for informa- Ten years ago the school was di- tion. Native names are readily vided, and Mr. Takahashi was (73,657 connected with N. P. Missions) changed, and the same child may made principal of the school for sometimes, innocently appear the deaf and dumb. About 300 Non-Roman Total …… 141,748 twice for baptism. Deaths were children are enrolled. A church Roman Catholic ………… 127,643 not always reported. Parents has been erected adjoining the were usually not Christian, godcampus, where preaching is done (Including Baptized Children) parents were sometimes inacby signs, and singing by posture. tive, and the numbers were too It is the first and only deaf and Total …………….. 269,391 many for the few pastors to care dumb church in Japan. for In addition to this communi- Mr. Takahashi is one of the cant membership there is the Besao church people are now most prominent Christians in great body called "Other Adher- being card-indexed as well as Osaka and is in demand as a lec- ents" which includes catechu- registered, and as the staff of naturer before teachers' and par- mens, who are enrQlled and re- tive catechists slowly increases, ents' meetings. He keeps in close ceive regular instruction; bap- the work will become more satistouch with the parents, as well tized children, also enrolled and factory. as with the children after their under instruction; also those graduation from the school. He who, while not on the roll, are They Use Their Heads often arranges marriages for known as Christians-most of them. -Outlook of Missions. them members of the families of Enrolment at Damaguete Bi- those already enrolled. In 1932- ble School is larger than ever, Christian Work for Children 33 (the 1933-34 figures are not and scholarship standards stead- yet finished) they numbered, in ily rise. From the mountain One of the most outstanding the Methodist and Presbyterian tribes of Luzon, once head-hunpieces of public service yet Churches, 218,565. While there ters, have come two students to undertaken by organized Chris- are not so many in the other the Dumaguete Bible School, tianity was that decided upon by bodies, their total must be well Philippine Islands. Both were the National Christian Council over 230,000. We therefore have high s c h 0 0 I valedictorians. on behalf of destitute children in Korea today, in a population When they finish they will rein the famine area of Northeast of roughly 20 millions, not less turn as the first Christian pas- Japan. This was at the sug- than half a million known Chris- tors to their people. Seven jungestion of Mr. Kagawa, whose tians. There are thousands iors in this school are doing trial original pro p 0 s a I was that more, once identified with the work out in the country. They united Protestantism place a Church, who have moved to vil- are meeting all sorts of opposithousand children in Christian lages where there is no church tion, says Miss M. Alice Towne. homes throughout the empire organization, and yet they are One lad after working hard to and support them for a period faithful. -Stanley Soltau. get a chapel had it broken into of from six months to one year. and desecrated. Two girls are in It was later decided to establish ISLANDS OF THE PACIFIC the mountains living on $1 a month, plus a little food. Often Philippine W. C. U.

During the summer of 1934, the Women's Christian Union of Iloilo Province, P. I., was organ- ized. More than 250 women, rep-

they have only rice and corn to Java. After allowing for Chris- sionaries of the Am e ric an eat. One teaches first grade with tians in Java who have come Board. About 1,000 people as- a single book. They fill every from outside, such as Chinese sembled about the monument minute of the day and evening Christians and those of animis- which marks the spot where with activities in the village. tic origin from Celebes or other these men laid down their lives -American Board News. islands, there remain in Java for the Master. 60,000 Christian church mem- A representative of the Dutch Practical Peace Proposal bers who are all of Islamic ori- Government, expressed fine ap- gin. Either they or their fathers preciation of the influence of From the Philippines comes a or grandfathers were converts Christian missions. single peace proposal. The suggestion is that nations pair off from Islam. Of these, rather Seven men who are descendtheir citizens and exempt them ants of the village group refrom fighting in any war which more than two-thirds are con- sponsible for the tragedy a hunmay be declared between two nected with the Dutch Protes- dred years ago are leaders in the nations, as legislators on oppos- tant and Calvinistic Missions, Batak Christian church. ing sides of a bill pair off when they prefer not to vote. and the remainder with the Ro- -Missionary Herald.

The idea was born on Armis- man Catholics. MISCELLANEOUS tice Day, 1933, at a meeting of A new venture, the result of Moslems and Christians held to Dr. Grenfell Meets Dr. pray for peace. Among the sign- a carefully thought out policy, Schweitzer ers are twelve Sultans, and nearly two hundred Sheiks, Hadjis, was tried at Malang, where ten In Edinburgh last November, Imams, Panditas and guros as years ago there were no Chris- Sir Wilfred Grenfell of Labrawell as over a thousand other dor and Dr. Albert Schweitzer Moslems. There also appear the tians. A hospital, schools and a of Equatorial Africa met at a names of 200 Christian Filipi- theological school were built. A luncheon arranged by Dr. G. F. nos, 20 Americans, 18 Chinese, Barbour Simpson. Everyone and four Japanese. This propo- considerable number of Chris- present felt the dramatic elesal has been sent to kings and tians migrated there, especially ment in the meeting of these two presidents of forty-five nations, as workers in the hospital. The Christian pioneers. Dr. Simpson and to Pope Pius XI. afterward remarked: "I could number of Christians in Malang only compare the occasion with -Missionary Herald. and the neighborhood has now that famous meeting between Livingstone and Stanley." Dr. Sturdy Christians in Samoa reached 500, and there are about Schweitzer and Sir Wilfred fifty adult baptisms every year. talked together for two hours, Evangelistic work is carried on, under the direction of the mis- sionaries, by Javanese pastors and by students of the theologi- cal school. -Nation Christian Council Review.

The Church in Samoa, insti- The Dyaks of Borneo each growing enthusiastic about tuted by the London Missionary the other's work in such differ- Society, is a great missionary C. R. Deibler of the Alliance ent climatic conditions.

organization. Two hundred Mission writes in The Pioneer: Samoans are ordained ministers During the last four months I have "I Want a Christian Injection" in charge of churches in which there are 8,000 members and had the joy of baptizing 628 Dyaks, At. the annual meeting of the 30,000 other adherents. Samoan the privilege of establishing three new Mission to Lepers a missionary people are habitually lavish in churches, the opportunity of preach- told of a woman who was willing sharing their possessions. They ing to hundreds of Dyaks who heard are exceeded by none in sponta- the Gospel for the first time, and the to walk twenty miles to a misneous generosity, contributing realization of a cherished desire to sion station and twenty miles not only to the support of the witness to the Dyak of the heart of back to get her injection when home church, but to other mis- Borneo. Besides these, I have had a she could have had it near where sions also. regular ministry among the Dyak she lived. "I want a Christian Christians, and now the joy of begin- injection," was her remark, and A· joyous celebration of the ning construction on the first Dyak Centenary in 1930 included the church building. However, what has you know there is a difference dedication, free of debt, of a new already been accomplished is as noth- between an injection adminischurch costing £7,000. ing compared with what is yet to be tered by a Christian and that done. Dyaks come in canoes to convey done by someone who is merely -The Chronicle. me to their villages to teach them of paid for it; a difference in the Christ, and often I must send them back with a promise to come as soon touch and the hand that is be- as possible.

Christianity in Java Honoring Christian Martyrs hind it, animated by a heart that is radiating the love of Christ.

J ava's population is over 40,- The Rhenish missionaries in That woman had come twenty 000,000 and with a few excep- Sumatra held an impressive me- miles and was willing to walk tions all are Moslems. Until the morial service on the centenary twenty miles back in order to get last few years, a third of all the of the martyrdom of Samuel a "Christian injection."

pilgrims to Mecca came from Munson and Henry Lyman, mis- -Conquest by Healing.

'~II====~========================~I'~

Our Missionary Bookshelf Books Briefly Reviewed for the Readers' Information Recent Developments in German through the deviations from Lu- Japanese freely opened their Protestantism. By Otto Piper. 48. hearts to him, and officials and Student Christian Movement Press. ther's theology, through the war- people respected and honored London. 1934. him. After forty years of serv- time experience of Germany and ice he and his equally devoted The Church Controversy in Germany. wife returned to America in By Andera Nygren. 28. 6d. Stu- the post-war reaction. He then 1928 as honorably retired mis- dent Christian Movement Press. sionaries of the Presbyterian London. 1934. interprets the theological cur- Church in the U. S. A. In this small but important book, which The courageous struggle of rents in contemporary Germany, he says is "no disguised attempt at biography," Dr. Pie r son German pastors against coercion emphasizing the new under- vividly describes the experiences by the State has won the admira- of an evangelistic missionary in tion of thoughtful people around standing of Luther and the new Japan. The principal character, the world, but the deeper mean- "Andrew Strong," is "an ideal, ing and import of the conflict are interest in the social outreach of a composite of several rural misgenerally not clearly understood. sionaries"; but this reviewer, For those who desire to get be- the Christian Gospel. The in- who knows Dr. Pierson's life and work in Japan, has no hesineath the surface of the German fluence of Karl Barth is a part tation in terming the author scene, these two little books are himself a fine example of the invaluable. The first, written by of the picture, as is also that of "ideal" which he modestly disa young German theologian who claims. Those who do not know was removed from his chair at Paul Tillich, whose "critical the need of rural evangelism in the University of Munster by the Japan, and how richly fruitful it Nazi authorities, gives a thor- realism" is regarded as of great is, should read this book. ough analysis of the theological significance for the thinking of ARTHUR J. BROWN. and historical background of the German Protestantism of today. the younger generation. India's Social Heritage. By L. S. S. The second, written by a profes- O'Malley. 194 pp. $2. Oxford sor in the University of Sund, The rise of the so-called "Ger- University Press, New York. 1934. Sweden, is a narrative of what has happened during the present man Faith Movement," which The author, a retired member struggle. of the Indian Civil Service, gives has gained force as a rival of a simple statement of the prin- As analyzed by Dr. Piper the cipal features of the social sysmaj or issue in the German strug- Christianity by magnifying the tem of India. Successive chap- ters deal with caste, the degle is not one that concerns Ger- old Teutonic myths and the pressed classes, the frontier many alone but is of significance tribes, tribes of the interior, the for the whole world. It is this: spirit of racialism, is also por- village community, the family, To what extent can Christianity marriage, the purdah system, attain a national form without trayed. It is conceived, in part, and social changes in modern losing its universality and ab- times. He makes very little mensoluteness? This, it will be read- as a protest against a theology tion of the work of Christian ily seen, is a question of vital im- missions, but the book could be portance, especially for the for- that was too detached from the used as supplementary reading eign missionary movement. Dr. on the topics discussed. The active life of the Church and the treatment is factual, with refer- Piper shows that theological ac- ences to older authorities. tivity in Germany has, from the experience of the people. In the D. J. FLEMING. outset, been animated by a desire present situation in Germany the to give to Christian truth an expression adapted to the charac- chief aspect-as Dr. Piper sees teristics peculiar to the Germans. He traces this development it-is that the true meaning of through the medireval mystics of Germany, through L u the r, the Gospel is so obscured that "nationality has been placed above evangelical values."

Prof. Nygren's little book tells the story of the struggle of the protesting pastors, now organ- ized in the "Confessional Synod,"

down to September of last year.

It is a vivid and an inspiring story. S. M. CAVERT.

Let Us Go Into the Next Town. By George P. Pierson. 93 pp: $1. Revell. New York. 1934.

Dr. George Pierson is the type of missionary that one loves to know and read about. As a mis- sionary in Japan for forty years he presented a sound evangelical message, tirelessly, faithfully, tactfully and persuasively. The Any of the books noted in these columns will be sent by the REVIEW publishers on receipt of price.

[157 ]

Financial Recovery for the Local Ploughed Under. The Story of a to an African to live on a white Little Lover, told by Amy Car- man's plantation and reports Church. By Julius Earle Crawford. michael. A Dohnavur Book. 12 mo. some of the injustices suffered 204 pp. $1. Cokesbury Press, Nash- 155 pp. 68. 6d. S. P. K. London. under British laws, which may ville. 1934. (Obtainable in America from Hope have been imposed with the best Church Sunday School, Semple and of intentions. The chapters on This book, by one who is ex- Cote Brilliante Aves., St. Louis, Life in Kenya and on Education ceptionally.qualified to deal with Mo.) are e s p e cia 11 y illuminating. Africans of the Kikuyu tribe so complex and so vitally impor- Few books are so fascinating who have not changed their retant a theme, is the outgrowth of as this rarely beautiful story- ligion believe that God has two extended practical experience. true and told in a charming forms, white and black, and they In constant contact with the style. A little Indian child began pray to both. They have great churches throughout the South to ask questions that his Hindu faith in charms, incantations for years past, Dr. Crawford father could not answer: "Who and witch doctors to cure dis- is the greatest god; the god who ease, break drought, and to undo brings clarity of vision and san- made things; the god who can the evil wrought by sorcery. ity of judgment into well bal- change people's hearts? Where They have definite moral codes anced treatment of this problem do dear little children go when and customs which should not be they die?" None of the child's discarded unless replaced by betwhich just now affects prac- relatives could answer her desire ter. The period of change from tically every church. for knowledge. The story de- old to new is especially difficult scribes her search, her struggles, and calls for wisdom. Dancing, Starting with a comprehensive her finding, her sufferings and drinking, marriage, slavery and her joyful experiences in the methods of tribal government all view of the church's chief pur- Dohnavur Fellowship of service. require careful study in order to "Star of Grace" (Arulgi Tara), do away with the evil elements pose, her message, program and as she was called, gives us an in- and to preserve the good. timate view of Hindu life, beachievements, the author leads liefs and customs as met in One of the greatest obstacles South India. We see the thorny in the way of the educated on directly to a swift survey of road that those must travel African accepting the Christian there who would follow Christ. religion is due to the humiliating several typical plans of support The story also reveals the work- un-Christian race and class dis- ing of a prayer hearing and tinctions – especially as shown as followed first in Jerusalem, prayer answering God. We by British and Americans – in- come into deeper understanding cluding missionaries. Antioch and Corinth. The au- of the Dohnavur Fellowship in the work of rescuing and train- Mr. Mockerie's book offers a thor finds their common denom- ing for Christ Hindu boys and good tonic to anyone planning to girls. Here we see depicted the work among Africans. inator in the application of the great need of India and the only Power that can and does meet The Ideals of the East and W'est. By fundamental principles of Chris- that need. Kenneth Saunders. pp. 248. $2.50. tian stewardship, which he pro- Macmillan. New York. 1934. ceeds to set forth succinctly An African Speaks for His People. and interprets compellingly. By Parmenas Githendu Mockerie. The author dedicates his book Then he presents the premier Foreword by Julian Huxley. 8 vo. to the Gaekwar of Baroda, at leadership required from the 95 pp. 38. 6d. Hogarth Press. whose suggestion it was written. pastor, indispensably sup p 1e- London. 1934. It is a study of the ethical ideals mented by the enlistment of the of various peoples which the auentire body of laity, men and Here is a clear and striking thor says "does not aim at comwomen. In such a combination, picture of how the educated pleteness or claim originality." ample support of the Church, African black man looks on the The ethical ideals which are conand of her far-reaching enter- white man and his civilization. sidered are those of India, the prise throughout the world, fol- Mr. Mockerie a young Kikuyu, Chi n e s e, the Japanese, the lows inevitably. Her building trained in Kenya, British East Greeks, the Hebrews and Chrisrequirements are also met with- Africa, was sent to England to tianity. It is interesting to note out resort to questionable meth- represent his people and lived that the ethics of India are dealt ods. Then there looms up clearly, two years in Europe. He de- with under that title but the and in due proportion the King- scribes his visit to the strange ethics of the Chinese, the J ~pa­ dom of God, the great objective white man's country and tells nese, the Greeks and the Hetoward which all lines of ac- frankly what he thought of brews under the name, not of the tivity should converge. European ways of life. He also land but of the people. In the pictures life in Kenya, interprets case of Christianity it is not the The remaining chapters, VIII the tribal customs and shows the land or the people that is dis- faults and advantages of foreign cussed so much as the system as to XII, deal with detailed plans rule and education. For in- construed and interpreted by Dr. stance, he shows what it means for raising the local Church budget and the enlisting of the membership as a whole in the entire program of the Church, the author gives some inspiring concrete illStances drawn from the actual experience of the Church. The general reader's in- terest may lag, when it comes to the minutia necessary to work out successful plans, but church officers will find here what con- stitutes a compendium of real value. DAVID MCCONAUGHY.

OUR MISSIONARY BOOKSHELF

Saunders. Each chapter is fol- baptized Prote,stant Christians which knowledge is superseded, number 243,077 and the total but rather a discipline akin to lowed by brief excerpts from the Christian community at least meditative prayer by which all 600,000 or about one per cent of the powers of our being are conreligious literature of the people. the population. Miss Koto Ya- trolled and concentrated for the mamoto tells of the "Forward vision of the highest." The Christology of the chapter Movement A m 0 n g Japanese Women"-political and social, R.E. S. on Christian ethics is not the educational and international, industrial and rural. She deals Das Buch der Deutschen Weltmis- Christology of the Christian with movements rather than sion. In Verbindung mit den Evan- with leaders and the record is gel i s c hen Missionsgesellschaf- Church, and one may be sure one which girls have reason for ten. Herausgegeben von D. Julius encouragement. Unfortunately Richter, D.D. 331 pp. 138 illus. that the last critical judgment the chapter on activities of wom- Gotha: Leopold Klotz Verlag. en in the church was not rethat will be formed with regard ceived in time for publication. This is an extraordinarily in- teresting contribution to the litto the New Testament will not In Formosa only two societies erature of missions, due to the are at work, with a foreign staff indefatigable industry of the be the judgment assumed in this of 49 and a native staff of 290. compiler with the cooperation of book. The Aborigines who number fifty-three others who represent 200,000 are almost wholly neg- the leadership in German mis- As the title indicates, the book sions at home and abroad. As lected. an encyclopedia of German misdeals with ideals rather than sions, an art gallery of mission- The Katha Upanishad. By J. N. Raw- ary history, and a tribute to the with practices and does not at- son. pp. 242. $5.00. Oxford Uni- heroes and martyrs of the Ger- versity Press. New York. 1934. man church in many lands, the tempt to appraise the extent to book will appeal to a large pub- This "An Introductory Study lic. But it is more than popular. which the ideals of Asia have in the Hindu Doctrine of God There are a dozen papers of a and of Human Destiny," by the scholarly character on the presbeen already profoundly modi- Professor of the History and entation of the Christian mes- Philosophy of Religion in Ser- sage to primitives, Hindus, Mosfied by their contact with Chris- ampore College, India, is a book lems, etc. There is also an equal for the scholar rather than for number ()n the missionary printianity. There is no chapter on popular reading. Principal Das- ciples that should control evan- gupta of the Calcutta Sanskrit gelical education, the problem of Mohammedanism or the ideals College writes of it: "This is race, and our attitude toward something quite new in the way politics and foreign cultures. of Islam, although a Mohamme- of Upanisad Commentaries and should meet a real need. It gives These introductory chapters dan trader appears in the Epi- a clear, readable exposition, bring us to a series of historical which should be intelligible even sketches regarding each of the logue. R. E. S. to those who know no Sanskrit, German missions, and finally we and should be of interest to all have biographical sketches of The Japanese Christian Yearbook. students of the history and phi- outstanding missionaries, such Edited by Roy Smith. 8 vo. 401 losophy of religion. At the same as Nommensen of Sumatra, Kag- ;pp. Yen. 2.50. Kyo Bun Kwan. time it impartially supplies the awa of Japan, Aggrey of Af- Ginsza, TokIo. 1934. Sanskrit student with all the ma- rica, and others. Dr. Martin terial needed for forming an in- Schlunk contributes a carefully No one who wishes to keep in- dependent judgment on the in- prepared and annotated bibliogformed on the progress of Chris- terpretation proposed." raphy, while Dr. Richter gives tianity and of missions in Japan the latest statistics of German can afford to ignore this annual. There is a general introduc- missions. Fifteen Japanese Christians and tion discussing the Upanishads and the beginnings of India phi- Altogether this is a book alive twenty missionaries contribute losophy in the Rigveda. Then with the missionary passion, the thirty-eight chapters,. re- follows a special introduction to true to the great fundamentals ports and other features. The this theistic Katha Upanishad, of our faith, and opening a door first fifty pages are devoted to and then the text, the transla- to portions of the world field tion and the commentary, with with which American Christians describing "Japan Today"-its a number of appendices, closing are often unacquainted. In a international relations, its eco- with some discussion of the na- day when German Christianity nomic condition and intellectual ture of Yoga, setting forth that is passing through a crisis, when progress. Then 150 pages are the Katha Upanishad means by their souls are in the furnace of Yoga not "the production of an affliction, it is good to have such used to describe the Christian hypnotic trance or ecstasy in testimony of missionary faith activities and outlook-in Sunday schools, rural areas, the unevangelized districts, the social welfare work and religious education. Formosa is given two chapters; there are reports from various communities, statistics and a missionary directory. Here is a rich feast and a storehouse of information.

Dr. Kagawa writing on "Unevangelized Fields" says that 11,123 cities, towns and villages are still untouched by the Gospel. Of these places over 600 have each a population of from 10,000 to 30,000 people. Evidently Japan is not yet evangel- ized, although 58 mission boards and societies are working there, with 1124 foreign workers and 5000 on the native staff. The

and ardor, with such an outlook stormy night, and at the gay known mISSIOn authority, Dr. on the future as displays an in- fiesta. The story makes an atdiscourageable hope. tractive gift for junior boys and Julius Richter, who reviews the girls and the author writes from S. M. ZWEMER. first-hand knowledge. present conditions in foreign The Cambridge Shorter History of The Translated Bible. 1534-1934. mission lands. There are other India. By J. Allan, Sir T. Wolseley Edited by O. M. Norlie. 8 Vo. 222 Haig, and H. H. Dodwell. Edited pp. $1.00. United Lutheran Pub. timely articles by leading Ger- by H. H. Dodwell. Pp. 970. $4.00. House. Philadelphia. 1934. Macmillan. New York. 1934. man missionary authorities, a One of the most important Four of the six volumes of the events in history, since the first summary of German missions in great Cambridge History of century of the Christian era, was India were edited by two of the the translation of the Bible by the world, together with other authors of this Shorter History Martin Luther into the language which is in three parts: First, of the German people. This tabulations and a fine missionary Ancient India; second, Moslem event, four hundred years ago, India; and third, British India. which gave them the open Bible bibliography edited by Dr. Mar- It is a political history, very dif- is fittingly celebrated this year, ferent, for example, from particularly by the Lutherans of tin Schlunk. The pamphlet is Green's "Short History of the the world. They now number English People," it being a his- 20,000,000 members. Recently filled with useful information on tory, not of the people of India, 100,000 of the 1534 Martin but of the political rulers of the Luther Bibles have been circu- the subject of German world country. It does not deal with the lated. Dr. Norlie includes in this social, or the intellectual, or the anniversary volume twenty-two missions. C. T. BENZE. religious history, although there chapters by twenty authors. They is one chapter on education as deal with the life of Luther, an An African Prophet. W. J. Platt. related to political development account of his Bible work, the Illus. 12 Mo. 157 pp. 28. 6d. Pain the years 1858 to 1892. There story of different versions, the per cover. Student Christian Moveare more references to Curzon in work of Bible societies and the ment Press. London. 1934. the index than there are to relation of the Bible to missions. Buddha, and Sir Philip Francis This volume will be of interest William Harris was a remarkfills a far greater place than not only to Lutherans but to all able, unlettered African evangel- Gandhi. As a political history, who realize something of the ist of the Ivory Coast about ten however, the story seems to be great part the Bible has played years ago. Thousands of people accurate and as complete as pos- in human history. left their primitive way of life sible in the space available. and began to worship God. To God's Unspeakable Gift. By H. A. many Harris himself was almost There are specially interesting Ironsides, Litt. D., 12 Vo. 192 pp. worshiped and many were the chapters on Alexander, Asoka, 28. 6d. Pickering & Inglis. Glas- stories of his wonderful faith- Akbar, and his successors until gow. 1934. healing and casting out of dethe end of the Mogul dynasty. mons. It is an impressive story The chapters on Warren Hast- The well-known pastor of the as told by a missionary. Harris ings and the India Mutiny are large Moody Church in Chicago built up churches but the movealso interesting, although John gives here twelve addresses on ment was largely emotional and Lawrence and the men who evangelical themes. These in- has died down. But it has left broke the Mutiny would have clude simple practical, and its impress on the people and written a somewhat differently powerful messages on the Gos- prepared the way for more inbalanced account of its causes. pel, the Son of Man, salvation, telligent Christian teaching. The love, the cross, the resurrection prophet lived to be over three ROBERT E. SPEER. and the second coming. Those score years and ten, an impres- who are seeking light on the sive, dignified, white-bearded old Pablo and Petra-A Boy and Girl of Gospel, or looking for sugges- man who went about preaching Mexico. By Millicent H. Lee. Illus. tions on how to present it effec- and doing good. The story is by Leslie W. Lee. 8 vo. 152 pp. tively to others, will find help impressive and worth reading. $1.50. Crowell, New York. 1934. here. Yasu-Bo and Ishi-Ko-A Boy and The Crowell friendship series Jahrbuch 1935. Die deutsche evan- Girl of Japan. By Phyllis Ayers of books deal with boys and girls gelische Heidenmission. Herausge- Sower. Illus. 8 vo. 143 pp. $1.50. of Japan, China, Siam and geben von Professor D. Julius Rich- Crowell. New York. 1934. American Indians. Pablo and ter. 120 pp. Publication House of Petra are just a boy and a girl the German Evangelical Mission- Boys and girls of America in a strange land, wearing dif" shilfe, Hamburg. will like this story of boys and ferent clothes, with some strange girls of Japan with their kimocustoms and ways of speaking, This Annual is published by nos, obis, sandals, rice cakes, but American boys and girls will the United German Mission Con- lanterns, flowers, inc ens e, understand them. They have ferences and edited by the well- temples, rickshas, banners, and adventures in market places, on many strange sights and curious the road, at the mill, in the customs. It is not a missionary story but will make for under- standing and friendship with our neighbors across the seas. Mrs. Sowers is already well known for her stories of chil- dren in China and Siam. She has lived in the Orient and can therefore be trusted for her facts. Her sister, the artist, has illustrated the book attractively.

Books was traveling secretary of the Student School for Creek Indians at

Volunteer Movement and was married Church Growth in Korea. Alfred W. in 1915. Three years later they went Indian Territory, superintendent of Wassan. 175 pp. $1.75 cloth, $1.40 to China as missionaries of the Amer- paper. I. M. C. New York. 1934. ican Board but ill health compelled Oak Hill Industrial School and later, her to return in 1922. She was a di- Chant of the Night. C. Kuipers. 213 rector of the China Colleges and a Sunday School missionary among the pp. $1.25 cloth, $1.00 paper. Zon- member of the Ginling College com- dervan Pub. House. Grand Rapids, mittee. Dr. Smith is Executive Sec- Indians in Oklahoma. Mich. retary of the American Section of the Universal Christian Council and of *** Church and State in Latin America. the European Churches Committee of J. Lloyd Mecham. 550 pp. $4.50. the Federal Council of Churches. Robert Fletcher Moorshead, first University of North Carolina Press. Chapel Hill, N. C. *** medical secretary of the Baptist Mis- sionary Society, died December 4, Desires of the Heart. Joan Geisel Rev. Edward G. Haymaker, mis- Gardner. 218 pp. $1.50 cloth, $1.00 sionary among Indians, died Decem- 1934, in England, at age of 60. When paper. Zondervan Pub. House. ber 1, at Winona Lake, Ind., in his Grand Rapids, Mich. 76th year. He had been assistant su- the Auxiliary celebrated its semi-jubi- perintendent of a Home Missions Divine White Right. Trevor Bowen. lee 60 doctors and 56 nurses had been 309 pp. $1.75. Harpers. New York. sent to the field and an annual income of £24,000 had been reached.

Dr. K. G. ** *Scottish medical Fraser, missionary in the Southern Sudan for the past 14 years, under the Church Missionary Society, died recently.

Obituary Notes How We Assist The Rev. Dr. Lapsley Armstrong Denominational Work McAfee of Berkeley, Calif., former Moderator of the New Mexico and vVe are sometimes asked as to whether or not our work conflicts with the California Synods of the Presbyterian work of denominational churches. Our reply is that our Sunday-schools Church, died after a heart attack on in the rural areas of the land arc confined to sections and communities that January 18th, while visiting missionR are unreached by the programs of regular church organizations. in Dumaguete, Philippine Islands. Dr. McAfee was seventy years of age Ve welcome changes in social and economic conditions which may make and had been a delegate from America lJossible the establishment of a congregation and regular services of wor"hip to the fiftieth anniversary of the in any of our Sunday-school constituencies. '1'housands of denominational founding of the Presbyterian Mission churches owe their origin to our work. The majority of the"e cases were in Korea. related to the work of the Society during the first century of its work. The record for the first twenty-five years of what may be, if God wilis, another Dr. McAfee in 1925 and 1926 was a century of labor for the American Sunday-School Union, indlcates that candidate of the conservatives for the 1,045 churches were organized from Union Sunday-schools under the direcoffice of Moderator of the General Assembly. tion of our missionanes, divided among the denominations and in the number listed below. A native of Ashley, Mo., Dr. Mc- Afee was a son of the founder of Park }Iethodist …..••…… 338 Lutheran ……………….. . 23 College, Missouri. He was graduated Baptist . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2~7 Peutecostal ………..•……. 3 in 1885 from what is now the Presbyterian Theological Seminary, Chicago, Presbyterian . • • • . . . . . . . . . . . . . 09 ~'ederaLed …..•…•….•.•••• 7 and held pastorates in Parkville, Chl"lstlan ••••……………. 53 Mellnonites ……………… . Ariz., 1888-98; Phoenix, Ariz., 1898- 3 1905, and Berkeley, Calif., from 1905 until his retirement in 1931. He was Brethren •……………….. 29 Commulllty ……………… . 1:< a brother of Dr. Cleland B. McAfee, 4 secretary of the Presbyterian Board Evangelical …..••••……… 22 Disciples ……………….. . of Foreign MissionR. Nazarene. ..••…•.••…….. 20 .l;;piscopal ………………. . 1 Albert Alexander Hyde, .founder Church of God •..•..•……… 15 Christian and Missionary Alliance 3 and chairman of the board of the Congregational ..•..••.•…… 37 Friends ………………… . 5 Mentholatum Company, and a very generous supporter of mission work in Holiness ………..•…•….. 14 Reformed ………………. . 4 many lands, died of heart disease at linion (Interdenominational) …. 72 Free en urch …………….. . his home in Wichita, Kansas, on Janu- 2 ary 10th. He was eighty-six years old. CllUrch of Christ …….••….. 11 Moravian •………………. 1 Mr. Hyde was born in Lee, Mass., These and all other churchcs organized following the work of our missionon March 2, 1848, the son of Alexan- aries were turned over to the church leaders of the various denominations der Hyde. indicated.

Mr. Hyde was widely known as a These figures indicate only a small measure of the direct assistance renphilanthropist, giving liberally to the um'ed to denominational churches. Each year, many of those who confess American Missions in China, and the Christ in our Sunday Schools, Daily Vacation Bible Schools, Evangelistic Omi Mission at Omi-Hachiman, Japan. }leetings and Young People's Bible Conferences, are led to active memuer- He was a member of the International ship in churches in ncar-by towns and cities. Committee of the Young Men's Christian Association, a trustee of Fair- '1'he most significant fact relative to the assistance we are rendering to the mount College, Wichita, and a warm regular denominations of the land is that we are performing a task in the friend and supporter of the REVIEW. otherwise unreached sections of America for which organized Christianity is responsible. In a very real sense, we are the representatives of the church at * * ;.i: large in our particular field of effort.

Mrs. Eleanor L. Cory Leiper, the 'vY0 are seeking in every ,Yay possible to administer this work in a manner wife of the Rev. Dr. Henry Smith tha t will meet with the approval of every well informed churchman. Our Leiper, died at her home in Leonia, chief concern is that we may have the "well done" of Him in whose Name N. J. on January 30th.. Mrs. Leiper and for whose glory we labor. was born in Englewood, N. J., fortyfour years ago. After having been The Department of Missions graduated from Smith College she AMERICAN SUNDAY-SCHOOL UNION 1816 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, Pa.

Gospel For Moslems JAPAN—A

The walls of opposition are tumbling down OR A CHALLENGE in many Moslem centers, as the walls of Jericho fell in days of old before the ad- Dr. Charles W. Iglehart, who has been a missionary in Japan for twenty-five years, sees vance of God's army. Today the Gospel the problem presented to Asia and to Amer- ica. He also sees the challenge and the in Print is being used to break down preju- present opportunity. dice and to win Moslems to Christ. Will you accept the challenge and mdke You can help by sending a contribution use of the opportunity? to supply this Christian literature to som~ Send for copies of Dr. Iglehart's leaflet and of the millions of Moslems yet unreached. distribute them in your church, your club, your social circle. Dr. Iglehart draws a stir- Will you do it? Send your gift to ring picture—one to hold the attention dnd stir to Christian action. The American Christian Literature Society for Moslems An American layman was so stirred by this message that he provided for the publication 156 FIFTH AVENUE, NEW YORK of a limited number of these leaflets—with WILLIAM I. CHAMBERLAIN, Ph.D., President the confident hope that you will help distrib- ROBERT E. SPEER, D.D., Vice-President ute them. (Special price, 50 cents a hundred.) SAMUEL M. ZWEMER, DD.D.D., .,5ls ecre t' JAMES M. CANTINE, (Send t() dries The Missionary Review of the World DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Acting Tred5urer Third and Reily Sts., Harrisburg, Pa .

_- …. . . . . ~.. – – – – . . "-~'~-~" -~ -.-.-~~ AGENTS WANTED CUTS FOR SA~ !

THE MISSIONARY REVIEW Excellent halftone plates and line cuts (undam- can be sold in quantities to aged) used in THE MISSIONARY REVIEW every Missionary Society. It fur- during the past two years. nishes information in brief, in- teresting form for leaders and For sale at one-third the cost. These are val· discussion groups. Why not act udble for local or denominational papers. Vivid as our Agent in your church or pictures of life allover the world. community? You can advance the cause of Foreign Missions, American Highlands and at the same time can earn American Indians Africans···Heathen and Christian A Liberal Commission China···Old and New Japan and Korea • India's Idols and Christians Results in Moslem Lands Address···Circulation Manager Savages and Saints The Missionary Review of the World ., The Pacific Islanders Third and Reily Streets cf)end to Harrisburg, Pa. The Missionary Review of the World .__ . ____._ _.._.._ ……. __~_..____.. ___.J Third and Reily Streets Harrisburg, Pa .