The Missionary Review of the World — May 1931

NOT ETERNAL – WORSHIPING CHRIST IN TIlE MISSION I10)1E IN

June 22-25-INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE •• • iD the Dew ON AFRICAN CHILDREN, Geneva, Switzerland. £ABIN £LASS June 22-26-WORLD CONFERENCE ON Trans-Pacific travel now has an STEWARDSHIP. For information com- impressive new type of low-cost accommo- municate with the Rev. John A. dation … ffEmpress" Cabin. Its spacious- Ingham, D.D., Progress Council, 25 ness and comfort will appeal to the experi- East 22d Street, New York City. enced traveler. So will its true "Empress" cuisine and service. June 25-July 3-GENERAL CONVENTION, CONGREGATIONAL AND CHRISTIAN The white Empress fleet, comprising the CHURCHES, Seattle, Wash. largest, fastest liners to the Orient, also hrings to the Pacific transatlantic size, June 26-July 6-M. E. M. CONFERENCE. speed and luxury. Silver Bay, N. Y. Empress of Russia and Empress of Asia June 29-July 6-GENEVA SUMMER ply the lO-day Speedway, direct to Yoko- SCHOOL OF MISSIONS AT GENEVA, hama. The huge Empress of Canada and WISC. This is an Interdenomina- the new 23.knot Empress of Japan sail via tional school and among the first to Honolulu. Both routes from Vancouver give International Religious Educa- and Victoria. All Empresses offer, ofcour.e, tion credits. It offers courses, under lnxurious First Class. Also "Tourist" and outstanding instructors, in Bible uThird." and Mission Study, Methods, Hand- craft and Parliamentary Law. For Independent travel·touring round the information address: Mrs. George world and Orient conducted tours with P. Lottich, 3253 Wilson Ave., Chi- Canadian Pacific's veteran "know-how." cago, Ill. N ….. Lo…-co..t S ….."…r F ..,…..! "** Fir..t Cl…… and C ….in Cl…… Ro..nd trip••. /ro". 8450 PERSONALS Information, reservationsfrom your Agent DR. S. H. WAINRIGHT, for forty years or Canadian Pacific, New York, Chicago, an American Methodist missionary in Montreal, and 32 other cities in U. S. and Japan, was recently decorated by the Canada. Emperor "for distinguished service to the Empire." That service consisted in CANADIAN giving a Christian literature to Japan. Dr. Wainright is supported by the Fran- PACIFIC .. TO TIlE cis Street Methodist church, in St. Joseph, Missouri. ORiEnT *** Wo.ld'. G••••••• T ••v.1 ,,……

CHARLES N. WONACOTT of Portland, Oregon, has been elected Treasurer of the Presbyterian Board of National Missions.

Mr. Wonacott served as associate general secretary of the New Era Movement for two years and since 1924 has acted as corporation advisor.

**"

MISS M. JOSEPHINE PETRIE has resigned as Director of Specific Work of the Presbyterian Board of National Missions. Over thirty-two years ago she became secretary of young people's work and was responsible for the promotion of home missions in Christian Endeavor Societies and Sunday schools.

*** REV. HENRY C. McDOWELL of Galangue, Angola, Portuguese West Africa, a missionary of the American Board, has been awarded a gold medal and an honorarium of four hundred dollars by the Harmon Foundation, which makes annual awards to Negroes who have done outstanding creative work.

*** DR. SAMUEL GUY INMAN, Secretary of the Committee on Cooperation in Latin America, was operated on for hernia in Callao, Peru, on April 10th. He is expected home in New York early in May.

Please mention THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD in writ in&' to advertisers. DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Editor TABLE OF CONTENTS May, 1931 FRONTISPIECE–LlVES OVERSHADOW"D BY LEPROSY. Payo THE STORY OF A HINDU PILGRIM ……………….•.•..••. .J. Ohadwick Jacks"" 325 The history oj how a hif.lh caste Hindu pilurim wu-s h'd to Ohrist·-an empcrience both in the change oj name and change 0/ nature.

THE BRIGHT SIDE OF WORK FOR LEPERS …………………… Wm. M. Danner 32~ A record of Christian service in behalf oj sufferers in 'ill-any land8.

"! DON'T BELIEVE IN FOREIGN MISSIONS" ..•..•…..•………. Henry A. Perkins 33l"i The case for foreign 11t188icms presented by a fwo/essor of p},ysiC8 a.t Trin-ity aoUege, HMtJord~ ana copied by permission from THE' AMERICAN MERCURY.

THE CALL OF BORNEO AND THE CELEBES .•..••..•••.•……..•..•.. . R. A. Jal!roll 341 The report 01 a tour oj mi8si()lluwy eu;ploratiOtl to discover the needs oJ unoccupied fieZds in Malaya.

ana MOSLEMS UNDER THE AlIIERICAN FLAG …………………….. Frank Laubaen 343 A 'I11Iissionarll working wmong th(l M()hamrnwdans in the Philippines asks seeks to answer some pertinent questions.

RELIGIOUS TRAINING FOR RURAL YOU~'H …………………….. Jay fl. fltowell 349 An in.teresting account of wltat is beino done to t(~((,ch the Bible and ChdsNan truth to da·y school pupils in rural districts untouched by churches.

WORLD MISSIONS AT CHATTANOOGA ………………………. David M. Sweets 355 The sto-ry of a notable congn~x8 hrld flY the Presbyteria'n Ohurch (~"outh) to present the claim8 and progress of foreiyn 1nissionary work.

WHEN IS YOUR BrnTHDAY ………………..•………. . Emma BeHc D. PiersO'n 361 A brief d.cscription of what hag been called ('the most remarka.ble mi8sionary enter- prise" in the world.. 8turtcd by a school boy in Australia.

THE FORWAnD MOVE~IENT IN SCOTLAND . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Donald Fraser 363 A. report 01 an enet'getic and spirUual mission to awaken the ~'c(Jtch to a keener Benae of their reBpOt'lsibHity to carry out the great commission 01 Christ.

TOPICS OF THE TIMES ………………..•••••••••••….••..•……………… 365 How lIUCH Is A MISSIONARY ","ORTH INDIA'S DEMAND FOR FREEDOM ENCOURAGIllMENT IN CHINA METHODS FOR WORKERS ………………………. EIHTEIl BY MRS. F. 1. JOHNsoN 371 WUMAN'S HOME AND FOREIGN MISSION BULLETIN ………………………• 376 WORLD·WIDIiJ OUTLOOK.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 382 BOOKS WORTH READING ……………………………………… . 399 TERMS: $2.50 a year. ($2.00 in clubs of five.) Foreign postage, 50 cents. Single copies, 25 cents. Published monthly. Copyrighted, 1931, by MISSIONARY REVIEW PUBLISHING COMPANY, INC. All rights reserved.

THE MISSIONAHY REVIEW PUBLISHING COMPANY, Inc.

ROBERT E. SPBl~R, PYf'sidf'nt W}.I. 1. CH.u,fnERl.AIN, Vice-Prcsident DELAVAN L. PIERSON. Seoretar'1l Publication Office, 3d & Reily Rts., IInrrtshnrg, WAf,TER McDoDQ,J,I" Tr{'nRun'T Pa. 25c a copy. $2.50 a year. Editorial and Business Olllce, 156 Fiftb Avenue, New York City Eutered itS second-class matter at the Post Offi(>e, Harrlsburg, Pa., under Act of }.~arch 3, lS79. OBITUARY DR. K. T. PAUL; an outstanding native 1 Chriftian of India, died on April 12th at the. age of·fifty-five. He had recently I _• returned from the Round Table Conference in London. LET YOUR GIFT Dr. Paul became an influential Indian to Foreign Missions leader as secretary of the Young Men's Christian Association of India, Burma PAY YOU A LIFE INCOME llnd Ceylon. He traveled widely in the United States and Great Britain and You can make a generous gift to foreign mislater served as president of the All-In- sions and have a needed income for yourself dia Christian Conference. and others from the money you give by the Dr. Paul resigned from the Y. M. C. Annuity Gift Plan A. in order to devote himself to the political uplift of India as a representative This plan relieves you of uncertainty and of Christian Communities. At the Round WOrry caused by changing values of invested Table Conference in London, he was funds and assures you a fixed income of trusted by Hindus and Moslems alike, and declared himself willing to have 4t% to 9% per year Christians in India merged in a general electorate. for the rest of your life ** A reserve fund of over $1.500.000 guarante~s the prompt payment of annuities to yOU_ ~ LEONARD WOOLSEY CRONKHITE, D.D., for many years a missionary to the Pwo Protect yourself against 1nss through Karen people of Burma, passed away on unwise inV'~stment~and at the sl'lme time February 28, 1931, at his home in Green- help send the gospel to all the world. wich, New York. For full information write ** * Erne.t F.. HoIl, Secretary, Dept. 01 Ann.atiea REV. A. E. SEAGRAVE, Baptist mission- BOARD OF FOREIGN MISSIONS ary to the Karens since 1889, died at of the Presbyterian Church, U. S. A. Rangoon, February 6, 1931. Mr. Seagrave lived to see a remarkable expan- 156 Fifth Avenue. New York sion in the Sgaw Karen Mission, with its 200 churches and a membership of AVOID THIS 15,000. All of his four children re- MISFORTUNE turned to Burma for missionary service. "I know of no one more deserving *** of sympathy than a woman with limited resources, with.out ch.ildren to advise DR. EDWARD FIELD PARSON died March her, without business experience, sud- 8th, of pneumonia, in Peiping, North denly left a widow and compelled to China. He was thirty-three years old. settle an estate."

Dr. Parsons and his wife, Marion Who will be her advisor? Tucker Parsons, were commissioned as Who will share her troubles and rethe representatives in China of the First sponsibilities? Congregational Church, Washington, in Who will provide for her in case of 1925, at services attended by Mr. and loss of principal? Mrs. Calvin Coolidge. This can all be avoided by investing **• your savings in Annuity Agreements of the Methodist Mission Boards. MRS. IRA HARRIS, formerly of the Syria Mission, was for thirty.five years a F or further information write: missionary in Syria. She was honorably retired by the Board of Foreign Missions MORRIS W. EHNES, Treasurer, Board of the Presbyterian Church in 1919. A of Foreign Missions of the Methodist daughter, Mrs. B. T. Schuyler, has been Episcopal Church, 150 Fifth Avenue. New for sixteen years in the Punjab Mission York, N. Y., or in India. Mrs. Harris died in Lansdowne, Pa., the home of a son, on No- W. J. ELLIOTT, Treasurer, Board of vember 28, 1930. Home Missions and Church Extension of *** .1_ the Methodist Episcopal Church, 1701 Arch . St., Philadelphia Pa. THE REV. EDWARD ASHLEY, D.D., LL.D., Missionary of the Protestant Episcopal Church among the Indians in South Dakota, died March 30th. He labored fifty-eight years among the Indians, translating the prayer book, many hymns and other writings into the Indian tongue.

Please mention THE MISSIONARY RIIIVIIIlW OF THm WORLD in writin~ to advertisers. This mission hosl)itnl. J-Hni-En (<:lardf'n of COmf(H'O, IlWllk~nf'(1 the Jnpnnf>sc goyern- ment to care for l('p~rs .

LEPROSY N01' IlEReDITARY – UNTAINTED CHILDR~;N CARED FOR IN A CHRIS'fIAN MISSION HO~fE IN INDIA GLEAMS OF LIGHT FOR LIVES OVERSHADOWED BY LEPROSY

LIV, No. 😉 May

THE STORY OF A HINDU PILGRIM BY THE REV. J. CHADWICK JACKSON, Benares, India T HE Rev. and Mrs. J. Chadwick Jackson are conducting the Kashi Khristiya Sangha or Benares Christian Union, a city mission work especially for the milliorrs of Hindu pilgrims who visit Benares yearly. They come from all parts of India to the many temples; to bathe in the sacred Ganges i to gain merit by walking the sacred way; to listen to the holy gurus,' or to bring their dead to be burned on the ghats by the riverside, so that their ashes may be strewn on the waters of the sacred river and many reincarnations may be avoided.

Mr. Jackson, the superintendent of this United Mission, is a Scotch- man, formerly a missionary of the London Missionary Society and has witnessed for Christ in India for thirty-five years. Mrs. Jackson is also a devoted missionary who has labored with her husband in villages, living in native houses and living the Christ-life among the people. She dons the garb of a pilgrim to work among pilgrims on the river front.

The mission compound at Ram Katora, where the Editor and Mrs. Pier- son visited Mr. and Mrs. Jackson last year, borders on the road over which hundreds of thousands of pilgrims pass every year. They have opened a reading room and Bible shops facing this road and there wel- come weary pilgrims and tell them of Him who gives rest and offers to them the way of Life.

Five missionary societies unite in this mission to pilgrims-the Wesleyan Methodist and Wesleyan Reform Union, The London Mis- sionary Society, the Zenana Bible and Medical Mission and the Chris- tian Literature Society. Mr. Jackson is not only an earnest evangelical missionary but he is active in the life of Benares, being for some years a member of the city council, a lecturer at the university and a member of the Committee for the Enforcement of Opium Laws.

This mission and these missionaries are worthy of the sympathetic and active support of every Christian interested in the evangelization of India. EDITOR.

He is a Brahman, a young man In his wanderings he has visited of medium height, with a face rath- every famous shrine in India and er deeply lined for one of his years, has picked up some knowledge of but with sparkling eyes and a brisk several languages, including Engmanner that is earnest and grave. lish. His mother tongue is Oriya 325

but he speaks Hindi fluently and sionary seemed to be an excellent it was in this language that he re- man of noble character, but he lated the following interesting handed me over to the care and story. teaching of one of his Indian work- ers whose conduct and character My parents are both dead. I made his company extremely dishave an elder brother who is a tasteful to me. I therefore rehousehold priest in my native turned to my guru in no way town. My ancestors were Kash- helped spiritually by my experimiri Brahmans. Very few of us ence, and feeling that in Christianlive so far South and it is a rule ity there was no hope of spiritual of cur caste that we shall marry help for me. So I went on discussonly brides from the distant State ing with the few Christians I met, of Kashmir. My brother, and the in a spirit of controversy and op- Raja who is our patron and who position. In a second-hand market gave me a scholarship, desired me in Calcutta, on one occasion, I saw to finish my studies before mar- a liuge pile of old books which riage, hence I am not married. Aft- were being sold by weight at a er I had reached the matriculation very cheap price. I picked out two standard in school, I was put un- -one a huge tome which was ender the care Of a guru (teacher), titled "A Commentary." Not a very learned man, a master of knowing what a Commentary was, arts, himself an eloquent lecturer, I opened it and found most interspeaking fourteen languages, and esting explanations of Bible texts. very much in demand everywhere The other was a dictionary. I for religious orations. Besides my- threw these twa into the scales and self, he had nearly a dozen young paid the price-a few annas only. disciples whom he taught and who The dictionary I sold at a great accompanied him in his travels profit, for three rupees, but the from one sacred shrine to another. Commentary I kept and read it con- We visited all the important bath- stantly, finding it most helpful in ing places and sacred temples in understanding the Bible. From India-Benares, Hardwar, Dwar- this time I read the Bible regularkanath, Puri, Ajodhya and Ra- ly, carrying the three versions meshwaram. along with me, but secretly, as I feared that my guru might know. A Hindu sadhu whom I met on Gradually my mind was changed. our journeys gave me a copy of the New Testament in Hindi, and One incident in South India I read it mainly with the desire to made a great impression on me. I find points of argument with was down by the burning-ghat Christians. Afterwards I obtained reading and meditating, when a copies in Oriya and English and poor widow brought the corpse of became much interested. I felt her son for bUrning. I saw her some desire to meet and associate great grief and felt real pity for with Christians to see their manner her. The officiating Mahabrahman of life. Once in a sacred city I left -a coarse man-came along and our party with the excuse to the said to her "Give me a go-dan (a guru that I was going to Gorakh- gift of a cow) and I will promise pur to worship Gorakhnath. In- that your son shall be born again stead, I joined myself to a Mission as a cow." as a seeker after truth. The mis-

THE STORY OF A HINDU PILGRIM

I was indignant and caught hold boys returned and wanted to enter, of his hand, saying: "Shame on but I was resolved to be alone in you! Have you no pity for the my mental struggles, and asked poor mother in her sorrow. Is this them to go away and sleep else- all the comfort you can give her to where. At about two in the morn- tell her the lie about her son's re- ing, when I was so weighed down birth? You know that you cannot that I couldn't rest, I suddenly saw control that. You are trying to a brilliant light in the room, as make profit out of her grief and though someone had turned on a are torturing her further. How flashlight. I turned to see from dare you say that a human soul whence it came, but it seemed to shall be imprisoned in an animal fill the room. As I gazed there body. Shame on you." appeared in the light the form of He repulsed me angrily. The a person, the most beautiful I have impression on my mind was very ever seen or imagined. I could not painful, showing the futility of recognize him at all, but as we Hinduism in the presence of death. were worshipers of Shiva, I won- This thought remained with me dered whether this divine being and I more earnestly read the Bi- had graciously disclosed himself to ble. resolve my doubts. But on looking A Message From God longer and more intently I saw the While I was full of these sad form of a cross on his shoulder thoughts, I sat down and placing and above it the word mukti (salthe Bible before me I allowed it to vation). Then I realized that it fall open of itself to see if I should was a vision of Christ, bearing the be guided to any special "word." It opened at the Twenty-third cross for me. Immediately I saw Psalm. How helpful and blessed what it implied, namely that what was that word of God spoken I had so often read was true. through His servant and prophet There are two crosses, the one David. It was a real message to which He bore and one which I my soul at that time of need. must bear. At that moment I de- cided that I would leave all the old My guru was called to give a life and b~ His follower. I rememseries of lectures in N—. I bered the word of God to Abrawould get away whenever possible, ham: "Get thee out of …… thy keeping my Bible tied close to my father's house, unto the land that body with my sacred thread, even I will show thee." I thought that, out to the place reserved for pri- as I had read in the Bible, having vacy, though reflecting that the become by faith one of the sons of place was impure. I often went to Abraham, I ought to walk in the the lonesome burning-ghat, to read steps of faith and leave all for and meditate, but the thought of Christ.

death and the results of sin op- In the morning I did not bathe, pressed me. We were all invited and when, as our custom was all to go to a natak (play) one eve- gathered to repeat in unison our ning, but I was distressed in mind morning chant "The Gayatri," it and excused myself. I could not was seen that I was absent. Later even eat and was left fasting alone they asked me: "Why have you in the room. I lay down to rest not bathed and why do you not but could not sleep. Very late the come to the worship?"

"I will say and do nothing until Christian man who would tell me I can have an interview with the where to go and what to do. At guru," 1 replied. last I saw a man whose dress seemed to indicate that he might Soon he called me, and 1 told be a Christian. He was a canvasshim all in the presence of the oth- er and to him I told something of ers, of my search for peace and my story. He refused to believe assurance; of my Bible reading and would not trust me at all at and of my last night's wonderful first. But when he saw my eyes full of tears he asked me if 1 had vision. taken food. I told him that for "Oh," said the guru, "It was only two days I had not broken my fast.

a dream." Then I could see that he began "No," said I, "I was not asleep. to believe me. I said: "I want nothing from you-no money, only 1 was wide awake and in my full direct me to some Christian or mis- sionary who will tell me how I may senses. I know what I saw." become a follower of Christ." "Let us discuss the matter to- "There is a very good man, a gether," he said, "you may present London Mission Pastor at – – – " your arguments and 1 will try to he replied. "His name is Aaron. meet them. We may thus arrive Go to him. 1 will speak to the guard and he will allow you to at the truth." travel without a ticket. So I went "Sir," 1 said, "how can I argue and found Pastor Aaron, a very good man in full sympathy but not with you. You are my guru and knowing a word of any of my lan- I am a learner. Between your pro- guages. So I returned by train, found learning and my ignorance, and was directed to go to Miss what a gulf there is. But to me F– at G– who knows Hindi. the vision I have seen, confirming She had, however, gone away the the Bible I have read, puts the mat- previous day. 1 then went on to ter beyond argument. 1 know what Bangalore where 1 was welcomed and very much helped by Mr. and I saw." Mrs. Marler and Mr. Small of the "Where is the Bible," he said. Theological College. On their rec- When I showed it to him, he ommendation 1 went to Benares which I had formerly visited as a took it and tore up part of it and pilgrim. 1 am happy in the Ashthrew it on one side. Then he ram of the Kashi Khristiya Sangha kicked me. preparing for baptism and training for service. The boys were enjoying the dialogue and all started making fun On Janu,arlj #, 1931 the young man, of me. whose story is here given, was bap- tized in the River Ganges at Benares, "Will you become a padri 1" taking the. name of Khristo Mitra. "Will you preach?" Since then he. has been progressing "Will you wear a suit and very well and is a great joy to US.- boots?" etc. J. C. J. I could only repeat that I would be a follower of Christ. From that moment my every movement was watched lest I should leave them. I could take no food for two days but at the end of the second day I managed to escape and went straight to the railway station, searching everywhere for some

LEPER PATIEN'l'S – A HLINn mU;A:-:[f;T AND TilE

AT 'J'U),;GKlIN, Clll:-:A THE BRIGHT SIDE OF WORK FOR LEPERS BY WM. M. DANNER, New YO"k S CC1°ctar1/ oJ th e A m cl"ica.n ~Mi88ion to Lepers I NA LARGE church in an east- lepers, cast out evil spirits. Freely ern city I told the story of the ye have received, freely give." needs of the lepers. After- Five specific things the disciples wards the minister arose and said, were told to do in connection with "I want to apologize to my congre- preaching. The lepers of the world gation this morning." I thought claim our attention because our he was going to apologize for the Master said-"Cleanse the lepers." length of my address, but he looked into the faces of his congregation Not long ago a friend in Caliand said: "To the best of my fornia told me that he didn't know knowledge, I have never even there were twenty-five lepers in prayed for a leper in my life. I the world. He had never given have never asked God's blessing on them much consideration. He was a leper, nor directed my congrega- surprised when he heard that there tion to pray for a leper. I apolo- were over five hundred in the Unit- gize for it and mean to do differ- ed States.

ently in the future." Many have never given much Jesus said to His disciples "As thought to the leper and scarcely ye go, preach, saying, the kingdom think of him as a human being.

of heaven is at hand." People of- But he needs and deserves our symten stop there, under the impres- pathy because he is in a class by sion that they are fulfilling this himself. What hotel would be open command when they "preach" or to him? What can he do to earn a hear the preacher. The next words living? When our Master said are: "Heal the sick, cleanse the "Heal the sick" he meant all sick 329

people but He specified "don't for- all over the world. In the Louisiget the lepers." ana hospital a canvass was taken of the patients about the kind of Dr. Victor G. Heiser, a leading Christmas gifts desired. They deleprosy expert connected with the cided that they would like to have Rcckefeller Foundation, estimates the money sent to the Red Cross, the number of lepers in the world for they thought others needed it at two million. This means that more than they did. They were one person out of every 800 on the thinking not about themselves, but earth today is a leper. The disease about others. is found all over the world, especially in hot climates. In some vil- The best advertised leper colony lages practically every person is a in the world is under "the Stars leper. and Stripes" in Hawaii. Five thou- A MODEL LEPER MISSION COLONY AT CHIENGMAI, SIAM The Congress of the United sand acres of Molokai are given States has provided a great nation- over to the lepers. Their hospital al leprosarium at Carville, Louisi- is built on a section of the island ana. Three hundred and thirty shut off by a very high mountain. live in comfortable little cottage In this colony there are 625 lepers. homes and eat in common dining There ate two Protestant churches rooms. Through the good offices of for them under the Hawaiian the American Mission to Lepers a Evangelical Board, with a resident resident Protestant chaplain min- pastor and other ministers making isters to the Protestant patients. regular visits. A church has been built for them and Billy Sunday sent them a sup- When I visited the island the ply of his song books. "Brighten lepers gave me an informal recepthe Corner Where You Are" was tion and hundreds of them were framed and now hangs over the on hand. There were two bands pulpit. These people are doing of stringed instruments, for the their best to live up to that senti- Hawaiians are famous for their ment. music. When I looked into their faces, I said, "If you people can Every year our mission sends sing as well as your bands can play, Christmas gifts to leper patients I would rather hear you sing than

THE BRIGHT SIDE OF WORK FOR LEPERS

make a speech." Everyone smiled. 5,000. The policy of segregation The leader of the orchestra started is an important factor in stopping to play and they all joined heartily the spread of leprosy. in singing "Saviour Like a Shepherd Lead Us." They sang three In 1874 the Mission to Lepers vers~s from memory and with in- was founded with three objectives: creasing fervor. (1) to preach the Gospel to the lepers, (2) to relieve their terrJqle Tl1e largest leper colony in the sufferings, (3) to supply theIr world, also under "the Stars and simple wants. Now a fourth has Stripes," is at Culion in the Phil- been added-to rid the world of ippine Islands. There are over leprosy. 5,000 at this well-managed colony. It is a municipality managed by In modern leper colonies the pacouncillors elected to represent the tients are taught self-support. The native tribes. The resident physi- women sew, cook, and perform cian is mayor and has the veto other housekeeping duties; while power, which he rarely uses. A the men do the gardening, weaving, minister who had been licensed to tinsmithing and carpentry, even preach in the Manila district be- building their own homes, churches fore he contracted leprosy, was for and schools. Such physical and some years pastor of the leper mental activity are important elechurch. I walked for miles along ments in the cure. streets clean and well kept-a credit to those in charge. Twenty Progress is being made in disyears ago there were 10,000 lepers covering a cure for leprosy. Chaulin the Philippines – now about moogra oil, known for hundreds of years as beneficial to sufferers from leprosy, is now given hypo- SELF-IHJLP FOR LEPER PATIENTS – WOMEN A'l' WORK IN A nICE I"IE[,n

TIIFl MISSION HO)IE FOR LEPER rA'I'IFlNTS AT F'USAN. CHOSEN dermically with encouraging re- sand dollars to apply to work in sults. Many who have been treated the Orient, it will show a much in this way have lost all trace of the larger purchasing power there disease and been free from any than in America. At Taiku that symptom of it for a period of more sum will provide permanent housthan two years. From the Carville ing for 80 lepers. Leper Colony seventy-five lepers have been discharged. Other treat- A typical Korean leper colments have been discovered that ony is not a doleful place-its ocmay help to blot out this awful dis- cupants are seemingly happy. One which we visited had games and ease. afterwards we saw the little' fields Nearly forty years ago a mission where they raise rice and fruit and vegetables, and keep themselves hospital was opened for lepers in ilsefullyoccupied. We saw samples Japan. Seventy lepers were cared of the school work they were doing, for in such an excellent manner as well as some of their industrial that the Japanese Government has work. They use a big black board established six Japanese Govern- music scale in learning to sing by ment Leper Asylums, where the note. They are being taught to lepers are given humane treatment. read, write and count. In the chap- One of the Japanese doctors, Dr. K. el the missionary gave us a dem- Mitsuda, said to me through an onstration of their proficiency in interpreter, "We are doing every- Scripture recitation. They recited thing we can to treat these lepers the Twenty-third Psalm, the Ninelike human beings." At one of the ty-first Psalm, the Beatitudes, and government asylums there was a the Ten Commandments. Some service when eight men and three can recite the entire shorter catewomen were baptized. Five of the chism and others can quote Scripleper women stood together and ture for two hours without any fervently sang, "Fade, fade, each appreciable error. earthly joy, Jesus is mine." Since leprosy is not hereditary, In Korea there are three leper it is a privilege to help care for stations under our American Mis- untainted children of the lepers in sion. When one offers five thou-

THE BRIGHT SIDE OF WORK FO~ LEPERS

separate homes. There are thirty sian to Lepers will, on request, furspecial stations for untainted chil- nish free material for such a prodren of lepers where the hand of gram. rescue is outstretched in their behalf. In every church there should be a representative who will give out The missionaries of the Church information and be the connecting of Jesus Christ are joined in a link with the Mission to Lepers, working in harmony with the con- stituted authorities of the church, and seeing that the lepers are not forgotten.

Order a metal pig bank and feed him currency, so that funds may be secured from a host of peo- ple who do not now have a part in this branch of the missionary work of the church. Over seventy thou- ~I1YAKE SAN o~' JAPAN Christiull missionarips were stollt'd away from the Oshima Colony until this .1aJ)~Ulf>8e leper callie (lnn hroll,ght from the Mission IIospitnl the Uo:spel of Chri:st:.

federation or effort, as representa- AX IlDLlN CURED OF LEPROSY tives of some thirty-three American and Foreign Mission Societies 'l'his boy faced a life of suffering or Boards, to do this work. The until he came to the Mission Hos- Mission to Lepers is the tie that pital, received treatment. was trained binds them together in the world- for Christian service, and returned wide work for lepers and their chil- cured to his home in southern India. dren. The Mission aids one hundred and fifty leper hospitals in sand of these banks have already forty countries, but the world-wide been sent out. work is made possible only by the help of those who stand back of Pray for the lepers. these missionaries and this organi- It is our opportunity thus to zation. share in the modern fulfillment of Christ's command. One way to help this work is to use a program to tell the story Oifts may be sent to the American Mission to your own church or to other to Lepers (Fleming H. Revell, Treasurer) 156 churches where you may be speak- Fifth Ave., NIJW York. . ing. If people become interested, they will help. The American Mis-

FROM ASIA*

Opportunities in Persia tieth anniversary of the School for U NHEARD-OF-CROWDS are the Blind. Voluntary Bible study attending evangelistic meet- in boys' middle school is increas- ings. This is a new develop- ing. Chinese leaders and missionment in a Moslem country. There aries are rejoicing in working tois increased demand for schools gether at common tasks in momenfor young women. Dormitories tous days.-Rev. E. E. WaUine.

at Men's College, Teheran, are Tension in China Relieved crowded. One new building imperative. Hospitals are under- Nanking conditions much imstaffed.-Cablegram from Rev. W. proved over last year. Future A. Groves, Ph.D. Christian work hopeful. Conver- sion President Chiang relieving From Syria anti-religious tension. Time ripe for strong advance to win China More pupils than ever! Mos- for Christ. Only possible home lems request J.iission schools. Med- Church continues support with ical work Deir-ez-zore opens up prayer and money. Any retracdistrict along Euphrates. Direct tion now would cripple work, jeopevangelism entering Moslem terri- ardize success. Depending on your tory Sidon Presbytery. School and loyalty.-Rev. J. Russell Chandler. book store stir youth of Aleppo.

Hama with 85,000 unmanned. Punjab Mission Faces New India Send reinforcements. Insure ex- In the midst of the gigantic turpansion. Come. Give. Pray yeo moil of India in 1930 our schools, -Rev. R. C. Byerly. hospitals, bazaar chapels, our vis- Greater Freedom in Iraq iting in zenanas and homes, our colleges and theological seminary Iraq open to Gospel as never b~­ and our preaching of Christ have fore. Word of life preached dI- gone steadily forward. There have rectly to Arab Moslems in Bagh- been baptisms among the higher dad; Mosul, Hillah, Kirkuk, to classes-more numerous and prom- Kurds in Dohuk. Pray that the ising than in any year since the Holy Spirit will apply the message pioneer era of missions. A new of life through crucified and risen sense of the reality, the immediacy Saviour to hearts of these people and the total inadequacy of merewho are lost without Christ.- ly human means in making India United Mission in Mesopotamia, by safe for her new freedom has Rev. A. G. Edwards. opened the hearts and minds of Message from South China men and women as never be- fore. May God stir the American Today in South China: Marked churches until the man in the pews evangelistic opportunity. People gets the vision of this unparalare uniformly friendly. Disorder leled opportunity. Never has there is decreasing. Christians are rais- been a more open door to Christ in ing endowment to celebrate for- India than now.-Rev. E. D. Lucas, • From the Pre/51Jyterirm lYorld Ne'll}8. Ph.D .

334

"1 DON'T BELIEVE IN FOREIGN MlSS10NS"*

BY PROF. HENRY A. PERKINS, Hartford, Conn.

Proie880r of PhY8ios in Trinity Oollege. Recently Returned PrQ'm a World Tour (' T .1 DON'T believe in Foreign ability and character as the rest pf Missions. The heathen are a us, though, considering the altru- lot better off left to their istic purpose of their job, they are own ways, and their own religions as a whole somewhat more unself- suit them best." ish than we are, and as they must Thus the man who also says that learn, and learn thoroughly, one or it is a mistake to educate the Ne- more difficult foreign languages, gro, that America can keep out of they may average a little higher in world affairs, that the French are intelligence than those whose only a frivolous people and the Japanese speech is American. The best type dishonest. He believes such things is made up of the kind of person just as he believes billboards. He who, when he has found something has of course never visited a mis- good, is possessed of a consuming sion, and probably never even met desire to pass it along. There really a missionary. If he has travelled, are such people, and the best mis.

his opinio·ns have been formed by sionaries have gone out to China, other tourists like himself, or by India and Africa because they actu- the remarks of some chance ac- ally want to share the best things quaintance doing business in the of our civilization with those who Orient. His impressions of mis- haven't got them; they are old sionaries, who usually travel sec- fashioned enough to believe that ond-class, are derived from observ- child marriage, exposing superflu- ing them from the serene altitude ous infants to die, devil worship of the first-class deck. and so on, do not oontribute to the Though foreign missions had a happiness of a people.

very respectable beginning with Of course, there are many sorts St. Paul, though we owe to mis- of missionaries. Some are eminent sions much of the early exploration scholars whose work on the lan- and development of the continent, guages, literature and religions of and though we have been a great the people they live among has been missionary people, one hears that of large value. Dr. John Chandler, missions are harmful-first, be- of Madras, is such a one, and his cause they unsettle the lower class- work on the dictionary ,of the Tamil es; second, because they introduce language, under the auspices of customs and diseases which are the Indian government, is of great destructive of primitive peoples; importance. Everyone recognizes third, because they give the native his value as a philologist, at any a religion to which he is not suited; rate. Other missionaries are men and fourth, because missionaries of such intimate knowledge of na- live luxurious lives, not in harmony tive peoples and their ways that with the ideals of a religion of governments consult them with re- self-sacrifice. gard to colonial policies; such were Missionaries are as varied in the Humes of Bombay and Ahmad- nagar. Still others are great teachoa~c~':.~~':.~~~ ~~b,!'.:'~~:··;~~l.from The Ame"';- ers like the late Dr. W. A. P. Mar- 335

tin, of China, who adapted the Dr. Raman, of Calcutta, is one of Chinese characters to· the demands the world's ablest physicists. So of modern chemistry. China may some day tell us how to unlock the energy within the atom, At the other end of the scale or make some {)ther discovery of there are ignorant missionaries, vital importance. The Chinese are bigoted missionaries, unkempt and fully our equals in intellectual powunsavory missionaries, who were er, and to withhold our learning perhaps failures at home, or would from them, or from other highly have been if they had stayed there. intelligent peoples, would be as- They form a most unattractive suming a serious responsibility. minority, corresponding to similar minorities among politicians and Nobody denies the value of eleteachers, let us say. They may even mentary education for all, and the do harm, though considering that missions are doing what they can they usually find their own level to provide it, even in the jungles of among the much more hopeless out- Africa. In India, and even in China, casts of lands of poverty and mis- it might seem as if this was the ery, it is hard to see how a desire government's job, and that misto improve conditions-which even sionary effort was superfluous. But they must ·have-can be wholly to educate an almost wholly illiterwithout some benefit to the com- ate people numbering hundreds of munity. Even a worm can elevate millions is a Gargantuan task, and a lump of dirt if he puts his mind the Indian government has only to it. scratched the surface so far. If a province needs a thousand schools As to the missions, as organiza- and the government provides but tions, their purpoges and methods ten, ten more supported by the misare as varied as the churches they sions represent 100% gain. . . . represent, and the individuals who compose them. They all want to Other forms of education fosconvert the heathen. That goes tered by missions are training without saying, but they do much women in improving conditions in more than that-very much more- their homes, in the care of their and their ways of approaching the children, and in all forms of hycommon goal are as different as giene. Such work is not spectacis to be expected, and perhaps de- ular but when the result is seen to sired. be good by other women, the new ideas spread ·of their own accord The Missionary Purpose with ever-increasing momentum.

Conversion is far from being the It is a curious fact that everyone, only purpose of most missions. even the most banal objector, They aim at educating the people. seems to believe in medical mis- There are countless schools, col- sions. Hospitals in a city which leges and even great universities have had none before, doctors in founded and supported by mission- lonely outposts where only native ary effort. Whether it is worth medicine men have hitherto pracwhile educating the Chinese, for ticed, seem like rather obvious huexample, in the theories of modern manitarian activities for the folscience may seem debatable to lowers of the Good Physician. The some, but Japan has certainly pro- appalling diseases of the tropics duced eminent men of science, and and orient, and the advanced stages

"I DON'T BELIEVE IN FOREIGN MISSIONS"

to which they have usually devel- are sometimes reproached for usnped before the doctor sees them, ing healing as a means to converwould be a stimulus to the most sion. Well, what of it? The Foundblase medical man. Moreover, even er of Christianity seems to have those who hold that idol worship given His sanction to this practice. is as good for the heathen as Chris- A fourth activity of modern mistianity is f.or us will hardly argue sionary enterprise is agricultural that native medicine is as good as and industrial enlightenment. This ours in curing the natives' diseases. is not yet as common as the other branches I have discussed, but Such medicine is either magic many missions are beginning to pure and simple, with spells and help the farmers in improving incantations to drive out the devils their methods of cultivating the who are supposed to cause all ills, soil, in securing better seed and in or else it is a pseudo-science of breeding better live stock, while strange drugs and crude surgery. others are very active in teaching A root that happens to look like a the natives how to make and sell man has curative powers; tigers' articles of their own handicraft, claws, ground-up pebbles (any peb- thus helping to preserve beautiful ble will do), and other equally ab- designs and forms which are besurd remedies make up the phar- ginning to disappear in competition macopceia. A few valuable herbs with our own machine-made prodknown to native doctors have in- ucts. The University of Nanking, deed been discovered in Asia and in and some branches of the Y. M. C. the tropics, and have been gladly A., as in Hyderabad, India, offer accepted by our physicians, but in good examples of agricultural eduthe main their medicine is worth- cation and research, while such less compared to ours. Their sur- schools as the Congregational Misgery is even worse, for they haven't sions of Sholapur and Madura in the faintest inkling of aseptic India illustrate industrial training. methods, and it is common to encounter such perverted ideas as the What Are the Objections one prevalent in China, where the pus from a boil or other form of Now we come to the objections. infection is deliberately forced back Do missions unsettle the lower into the body. classes? Of course they do. They make the ignorant eager for know- Medical missions, with all their ledge, and knowledge is always unbeneficent activities, are the direct settling. They make them want result of the evangelistic spirit. better homes, with more pay to Very few doctors, qua doctor, provide for them. To prefer cleanwould have felt the impulse to liness to dirt, wholesome food and practice healing in distant and be- enough of it to a few beans or a nighted lands. They are more apt handful of rice, is awfully disturbto crowd into cities already well ing to the status quo. Small wonder cared for, so that even our own that those who employ native labor rural districts are beginning to suf- in China or India, Java or Angola fer. But doctors imbued with the complain bitterly of the evil inmissionary spirit go where the need fluence of the missions! It makes is greatest, and many are as able all the difference whether you want practitioners as those who prefer a to get something out of the native more remunerative practice. They 2

at the I{),west possible cost, or that seems good in Ohio was also whether you want to give him a mistake, because both our cloth- something that is going to make ing and our homes are inimical to him better, regardless of cost. their health. But one should for- Of course, if one really believes give something to those pioneers that people who are used to grind- who longed for homelike surround- ing poverty, pestilence and famine ings, and remember that they gave are better off as they are, then all they had, even life itself, for an there is nothing further to be said. ideal. It was wrong to lay violent But if one admits that these things hands upon such of the native ways'

are always and everywhere evils, as were innocent, but they did not then one must regard the dissatis- understand, any more than anyone faction which results from a desire else at that time understood, that for better living conditions, better clothes may sometimes be harmful, food and better health as a neces- and that nudity may be more mod- sary consequence, though more or est than an evening gown.

less temporary, ·of a justifiable ef- The Impact of the West fort to create a self-respecting peo- ple, able to take its proper place The mISSIOnaries cannot be among the brotherhood of nations. blamed for the disastrous impact The objection that missions have of Western civilization upon the introduced ways of living out of blissful islands where, if we are to harmony with the native environ- trust the novelist, child-like happi- ment and that they kill off the ness once prevailed. Nor can we aborigines by giving them our dis- lay at their door the rapidly dimin- eases is undoubtedly true in some ishing birth rate among pe{Jples cases, notably in the South Sea doomed to extinction because they Islands. But it is only a half truth. have lost all zest for living. This The manners and practices of our is one of the inevitable tragedies of civilization would, of course, have progress, like the fate of the Amer- reached these islands through trad- ican Indian under the "protection"

ers in any case, and their worst of the American nation.

features, disease, strong drink and Today the enlightened mission- various kinds of depravity, have ary recognizes all these considera- been actually introduced in this tions and modifies his early preju- way. So, since the worst features dices to meet the true needs of his of our culture were inevitable, the flock, even to the extent of dis- importation of a few of our better couraging clothes where they are standards and ideas through the harmful.

missionary was the least that could The relative merits of the great be done by way of recompense. religions of the world is too large A New England meetinghouse a subject to enter upon here. All amo·ng the palms of a tropical is- have claims upon our respect. . . .

land is certainly incongruous and But the fad remains that, lofty a fit subject for the mirth of the as these religions may be in their ungodly, but it is a relatively harm- primitive purity, they lack one or less misfit. Making naked savages more essential features of an ideal dress in the styles of New England religion. Buddha's teachings were was a grave mistake, and teaching atheistic. Confucianism is really them to live in the kind of house not a religion at all, but a system of

morals. Hinduism is grossly poly- much to be desired. So even Mo- theistic, and Mohammedanism is hammedans are a proper field for obviously lacking in the higher Christian missionary enterprise, forms of spirituality. Even with and, a fortiori, the adherents of such limitations these creeds at other religions, increasingly so as their best can produce fine qualities we descend the scale of ignorance.

of character and conduct and true If the converts from these non- beauty of soul among some of their Christian religions did not gain in adherents. But these form a mea- self-respect, peace of soul and gen- ger religious aristocracy in contrast eral intelligence after their con- to Christianity, with its power over version, one might still argue that all grades of intelligence and all so- degradation and fear are best for cial strata. the degraded and fearful, but such There are countless millions of is not the case, as anyone must ad- adherents to the great religions mit who has compared the converts just named, and to others less im- of almost any foreign mission with portant, . . . but an overwhelming their unconverted neighbors. The majority of these millions are ut- converts seem awakened and alert terly ignorant and the victims of by contrast, and when they are either degrading or terrifying su- members of the downtrodden, de- perstitions. Fear of all sorts of spised, untouchable outcasts of In- devils, quite undreamed of by the dia, the contrast is striking indeed.

founders of their religions, is their Luxurious Living only strong religious emotion, and the influence of that fear is appar- What of the luxuries with which ent on every hand in their daily the Christian missionary is said to lives. surround himself? Luxury is a While Buddhism, probably at its very relative term. A fur coat is best in Japan, numbers many de- a superfluity in the tropics, a luxvout and learned priests, in China, ury in New York, and a necessity at any rate, it seems to have sadly in Alaska. Noone accuses Dr. degenerated. . . . Grenfell of luxurious living because As to India, it is only necessary he wears furs when ministering to to visit the Golden Temple at Be- the needs of the fishing folk of nares, the Kali Ghat in Calcutta, Newfoundland and Labrador. The or the Great Temple of Siva and nature of one's occupation also dehis consort in Madura to see what the Hindu religion is like; reading termines what ceases to be a luxury one of the more temperate books and becomes a necessity. Formerly treating of child marriage, the evils a horse, as now an automobile, was associated with purdah, and the a necessity for a country doctor, terrible curse of caste, enables us though a luxury for most of us. to judge Hinduism by its fruits … What seem like luxuries in Amer- ica may be grim necessities in Chi- Even Islam is somewhat overlaid na, especially for a missionary with with superstitious corruptions of a family….

what its founder really taught. It The missionary family is a won- is too fatalistic and too material- derful object lesson to the native.

istic, while if it is to be judged by It shows him the respect and con- its fruits, certainly the Turks, its sideration with which we treat our leading exponents, seem to leave women, it gives him new light on

the upbringing of children, on sani- educated at great expense, trained tation in the home, and on all that in foreign language schools and goes to make for domestic happi- sent out into the field at more exness, not to mention the work pense, should incur the same risks among native women which the as those they seek to help. We do wife is able to accomplish. not put an army surgeon in the front line trenches, to share all the Granted, the value of women and dangers of the men whose wounds children in the mission, we must he is to heal. . . . revise our idea of what are luxuries for missionaries. The most obvious The home of the missionary has, "luxury" they enjoy is that of moreover, other uses than for the household servants. . . . A family missionary alone. Classes of mothliving in an American apartment ers and children, parties for old and young, musical gatherings with no servant still has numerous about the piano or the little reed mechanical servants at its disposal, organ, an occasional garden party, such as the water supply, the steam may all take place in this home, so heat, the gas and electricity, while its charm has a real social value in a cafeteria around the corner sup- elevating the standards and tastes plies occasional meals, a telephone of the people whom we believers in brings supplies to the door, and a Foreign Missions desire to help. trolley, or even an automobile, is available to shorten the time con- The Underlying Motive sumed in necessary shopping. This desire to help China or In- Deprived of these conveniences, dia, or any other great but backthe missionary and his wife would ward nation, is too complex in its have very little time to devote to underlying motives to discuss here. their real business unless they were Perhaps, after all, the desire to help replaced by native servants. Such really needs no explanation. It is a perverted use of effort would self sufficient, a deep-seated imnever be tolerated in any business pulse which we dare not disobey. concern. Moreover, half a dozen It is a very trite remark that the servants may be had for the price nations are bound closer and closer of one at home. . . . together daily as means of rapid inter-communication mUltiply. So Other "luxuries" are a comfort- that what becomes of a backward able house, an attractive garden, nation in the future is of tremencheerfully decorated rooms, good dously vital concern to us all, or beds, screens for the windows, a will be to our posterity. China's convenient kitchen, and a bath tub. ultimate destiny, with her more Some of these mean all the differ- than four hundred million souls, is ence between health and sickness. perhaps the most important, and The fact is that few Occidentals, we cannot look on with indifference especially women and children, can at her upward struggle. In this live as the natives live and keep struggle the missions are playing well, even if there were not the ter- an important part, and the kind of rible risk of such scourges as amre· civilization which that great people bic dysentery, malaria, cholera and will achieve depends a great deal the bubonic plague. If the natives on whether or not they absorb the die like flies because of such dis- best we have to offer them, or the eases, that is no good reason why worst.. men and women who have been of SOUTH CHINA. INDO _CHINA, PHILIPPINE ISLANDS ShQwiOIi trevel route af recent trip of R. A Jaffray OKE 01<' ~IR. .TAF'FRAT'R JOURKRYS IN I'lBARCII 01<' U:-;OCCUPIRD FIBLDS THE CALL OF BORNEO AND THE CELEBES BY REV. R. A. JAFFRAY, Wuchow, South China A TR1P to Borneo and the Cele- thought was: "Lord teach me what bes has not been a missionary this means." At once this Scrip- picnic, for these lands are in ture came to mind :-HSon of man, the "uttermost parts of the earth," I have made thee a watchman unto and are dark places without a ray the house of Israel: therefore hear of Gospel Light. the word of my mouth, and give I was feeling glad, after two them warning from me. When I months' absence, to be returning say unto the wicked, Thou shalt home to settle down again to work surely die; and thou give him not in Wuchow, and leave to others warning, nor speakest to warn the the respcnsibility of the perishing wicked of his wicked way, to save souls in these uttermost parts. his life; the same wicked man shall Then the Lord gave me a most die in his inqiuity: but his blood vivid and horrible dream. I thought will I require at thine hand." that I was at home and was a (Ezekiel 3: 17, 18.) I saw the fugitive from justice. It seemed meaning of the blood spots on my that the Lord Jesus was pursuing hands, the blood of immortal souls. me and that I had stains of human What could I do to pay my debt blood on my hands. The pure white and preach the Gospel to them?

snow was on the ground and I All these days I have heard the stopped to wash away the stains. cry of the man of Borneo-"Come Then, as I ran on, I awoke. My first over and help us!" I have had ring- 341 ing in my ears by day and by night In the streets of these cities the the names of "Balik-papan! Balik- darkness that can be felt depressed papan 1 Samarinda 1 Samarinda 1" my soul. It can be dispelled only Satan's complete thraldom over the by the Light of His Word.

souls of men in these parts has Now I hear the call of great never yet been challenged by the cities like Makassar and Surabaya, preaching of the Gospel. names new to me. They ring in I hear the voice of the Great my ears all day and are in my Shepherd saying, "Other sheep I dreams at night. "Makassar!

have ….. them also must I bring." Makassar 1 Surabaya! Surabaya 1"

And again, "Whom shall I send, They represent places of midnight darkness. Thousands of Chinese are in these cities as sheep without a shepherd. The little flocks have no leader. If we can supply Chi- nese Christian workers to help save these dying churches, and to open work in new cities before long we may have a score of self-support- ing Chinese churches here.

We must also send missionaries to the interior of Borneo and the Celebes, where wild head-hunters still live in the jungle. Some day they will hear the glad sound of the Gospel, see the great Light, and be saved. We are debtors to the Chinese, the Malay, the Javanese, the Indian, the Arab of these parts, and to the pagan wild men of the interior. We must not only warn them, but we owe them a debt that we must pay. It is our duty to give them the Gospel of the Lord Jesus Christ. To fulfil this obli- gation some one must go, and some A NATIVE OF THE CELEBES one will have to send. "How shall they call on Him in whom they and who will go for us?" Who have not believed? And how shall will open a Gospel hall in Balik- they believe in Him of whom they papan and Samarinda? There are have not heard? And hew shall Mohammedan mosques at these they hear without a preacher? And places and heathen Chinese tem- how shall they preach except they ples. The devil is worshipped be sent?" (Rom. 10: 14, 15.) there. Theatres, gambling hells, It will require sacrifice; it will and worse places, all in full swing, cost tears and blood; but it is are thronged with people of many worth while. What a joy to go races – Malays, Javanese, Boegis, with Him, to preach His Gospel Chinese, and "the wild man of "where Christ has not been n a m e d ." Borneo" from the interior.

UNDER THE AMERICAN

What Shall We Do With the Moros of Mindanao?

BY THE REV. FRANK LAUBACH, D.D.

Missionary of the A. B. O. F. M., Mindanao" Philippine [slanas I MAGINE a globe, across which for food. Columbus ventured to is flung an American flag, seek India across the Atlantic in reaching from Maine to the the face of the common superstifurthest island of the distant Phil- tion that he would fall off the edge ippines. On the opposite side of of the world. He struck America the globe paint a huge green stock- but could not get around it. Maing stretching from Spain across gellan, with incredible doggedness, Northern Africa and Southern drove southward until he pene- Asia to the Southern end of the trated the stormy, churning straits Philippines. The heel of the green at the lower extremity of South stocking and the tip of the red, America; and then crossed ten white and blue, overlap in Min- thousand miles of open sea in his danao, for here are a half million little sail boats-on and on, and Mohammedans, the famous Moro on-tearing the leather from the pirates who kept the Pacific in ter- masts, and soaking it in the sea ror for centuries. We now hold and gnawing at it for food-on and those Moros because we took them on for a hundred days. When at from Spain. How Spain came into last he and his crew did reach possession of them is a strange land-it happened to. be Mindanao tale. It begins with Mohammed -they fell down weakly upon their himself. faces and gave thanks to God that Beginning his ministry in 610, they had found a way past their this marvellously electric person- Moslem foes. Then they started ality succeeded in galvanizing his out to explore and, did ever fate followers into "the most violent play so cruel a trick I-found the explosion of human energy in his- Moslems or "Mnros," who· had tory." His cheering throngs come around the world the other pushed across Northern Africa, way and swarmed all over the and by the year 732 were in South- Southern Philippines.

ern France. If they had won the This is how it came about that battle ·of Tours, probably all Eu- twenty-nine years after the Moors rope and America would have be- were hurled from Spain, the piticome Moslem. But they lost that ful struggle began again between battle, and began a very slow re- the "Moros" and the Spaniards in treat. It required 760 years to far-off Mindanao. Spain waited push them out of Spain! The very only long enough to become rooted year Columbus discovered Ameri- in the Northern Philippines, and ca, at the battle of Granada the then she equipped a fleet and sailed last Moors ("Morns" in the Span- to Mindanao to exterminate her ish tongue) were forced across ancient foes. The extermination Gibralter into Africa. went the other way, for scarcelJ They had now become a complete a Spaniard escaped to tell what had bar to all caravans to India. Men, happened.

like animals, will dare anything The triumphant Moros were 343

hungry for more blood. When the annihilate the Moros or even to southwest monsoon began to blow, convert them. All they asked was they sent a great fleet northward peace and obedience to the law. to wreak vengeance. They swooped They never attacked first, but if down upon village after unfortu- the Moros attacked, the recoil was nate village, captured Filipinos and as quick and as terrible as possible. Spaniards, set them to cutting the It was not a flattering reputation crops of rice and corn and piling that preceded the soldiers in some them into the Mora vintas, and areas. My teacher, Data Pambaya, then, by way of reward, they cut tells me that when his grandmother off the heads of the men and first set eyes on an American solcarried off the good-looking women dier, she ran home exclaiming, for theh wives, and the children "Why they are not beasts at all; as slaves. Vengeance proved ex- they walk on two feet like we do, citing and profitable, so when the but they are tall and white I" monsoon blew northward the following year the escapade was re- General Wood made a scientific peated. For two centuries the study of Mora psychology. He Moro guns proved superior to those bought all the books on Mohammeof the Spaniards. danism, the Moros, and the Orient that he regarded as having value- The Filipinos came to expect he had a room full of them-and this scourge as a regular part of what is more he read them. Then, their yearly life. Watch tower~ instead of going directly to Minwere built, where vigilant eyes danao, General Wood spent several scanned the seas by night and day, months in Borneo, Java, Sumatra, ready to sound the alarm that the and Singapore, learning all he Moros were coming so that every could from the Dutch and English living soul might flee to the moun- rulers and from the natives, about tains. Manila had a wall around the prejudices and habits of Malay the entire city. During the nine- Moslems. When he did reach the teenth century, the Spaniards, in Moros he was able to win their common with all Europe, gained a hearts and enlist their loyalty in a tremendous advantage by driving remarkably short time. The Motheir ships with steam, and were ros, for all their bloodthirsty hisable to chase the Moro vintas from tory, are real men. If they worship the seas, but to all intents and pur- physical strength and courage, poses these Moslem pirates were they admire mental astuteness even free from all real control by Spain more; and in General Wood they to, the very last. recognized one of the keenest minds of his day. When America arrived in the Philippines in 1898, the Moros met One Way of Making Friends their masters. Our War Department, realizing that here was a It happened that the Sultan of delicate and difficult region, sent Sulu was absent when General strong men to deal with the situ- Wood landed in Jolo, but Rajah ation-Wood, Pershing, Bullard, Mudah was acting in his place, Davis, Baldwin, Bliss, Sumner. and General Wood invited the These and others not so well known Rajah to pay him a visit. The were not only soldiers, but also Rajah replied that he was ill, so statesmen. They had no desire to Wood sent a company of soldiers

MOSLEMS UNDER THE AMERICAN FLAG

to inquire after his health. When personal prowess could command.

the Rajah saw the soldiers stand- It is a perfect example of feudal- ing at attention before the house, ism. When the American troops he made a quick recovery and ac- arrived, these tribes were in a state cepted the invitation. General of continual warfare, and men Wood received him cordially, never thought of eating, working showed him about the camp, and or sleeping without their weapons.

inquired whether he would be in- Wives or children who ventured terested in seeing a machine gun out of sight without close guard work. After the gun had mowed were likely to be stolen and carried down a few trees, the Rajah be- into slavery. Life in Lanao in came a fast and faithful friend of those days was not good for weak the American army. nerves.

S i mil a r treatment won the A scourge of cholera broke out friendship of the other chieftains, about the time that the American and all went well until they were soldiers arrived, and the Moros requested to free their slaves. naturally supposed that the sol- Then they all threatened civil war. diers had brought it. They rea- Datu Ali, the most powerful of the soned that the way to be rid of the Jolo Datos', shut himself in his cholera was to kill the soldiers, so cota, or bamboo fort, which is more they watched in ambush and picked formidable than it may sound. Six on any small group that ventured feet above the ground the rocts of out of camp.

living bamboo are tightly woven One old Mora named Alandug together and covered with mud-a paid several visits to the Camp and wall six feet or more in thickness, talked with Captain Bullard.

and from this wall rise thousands Noticing that the Americans did of huge hard bamboos to a height not die of cholera, he inquired the of ten or twenty feet, covered with reason, and was told that the men thorns. Such a fort is impregnable boiled the water before drinking it by direct infantry attack, but is not to destroy the cholera germs. The proof against modern field guns. old Mora spread the news that the Wood, who was always sparing of Americans had good Mohammedan the lives of his soldiers, was prof- doctrine for they chased the devils ligate wit h ammunition. He out of the water before drinking it.

smothered this Mora fort with In a short time Moros began to artillery fire, and when he had come from all directions for medi- finished, nobody was alive save cine. Many of them drank a cup those who had fled from the fort. of boiled water in the morning- Captain Bullard has written a and drank anything they wished delightful account of his experi- the rest of the day!

ences at Lake Lanao, where he The Moros are overflowing with sought to bring order out of chaos. surplus energy, and they want Around the lake are about ninety money more than anything else in thousand Moros, divided into "an the world. So Bullard set to work infinity of" small tribelets, each building a road from the coast to more or less ruled by small chief- Lake Lanao, thirty miles inland, tains having pompous titles like and paid what seemed to them "Sultan" or "Rajah" or "Data," enormous wages. Old Alandug yet with no more power than their came first "with a handful of ugly

fellows whom we treated like kings 1906, and the tears sprang to the and handled like infernal machines eyes of the young man, "That," he ready to go off at any moment." cried, "was my father. Oh, I want The number of workers increased to write and tell General Bullard daiIy-"armed, a I way s armed, about it!" And he interpreted the stuck all over with daggers and account excitedly to his brother krises." Even bitter enemies, who, who was sitting with us. "My if they had met anywhere else father was a very good Moslem, would have fought on sight, buried and wanted all the people to obey their deadly hatred for a time, and God. And the most ardent desire worked side by side. The love of of my life is to carry out his money, instead of being a root of wishes." It was one of the tensest evil, in this case worked for peace moments in my life. I took the and progress. hand of young Adbul Gani Moor, and said: "Gani, we shall be Tackling Their Religion friends and co-workers for life, for the most ardent desire of my Now Bullard tackled their re- heart is that the Moros and all the ligion. He studied into the night world shall learn to do the will of until he could talk fluently about God." the Koran, .and then invited the priests to visit him, and amazed Among the Moros life was held them with his knowledge of the very cheaply, one's own as well as sacred book. Although they knew that of another. In Jolo (but not little about it themselves, they pre- in Lanao) a Moro who was tired tended to know everything. From of life and wanted to take the that time the Governor had no shortest road to heaven would "run trouble whatever with the religia.us amuck," or juramentado as the problem, which had always proven Spaniards called it. He would the chief stumbling block of the bathe in a sacred spring, shave off Spaniards. Bullard became such his eyebrows, dress in white, and a close friend of Hadji Mohamad present himself before the' priests Noor, the most reverend Moslem to whom he would take a solemn scholar of them all, that this priest oath to die fighting the enemies of arose in Mora. Assembly and an- the faith. Then, hiding weapons nounced that it was the will of under his clothes, he would go to "Allah hoo ta Allah" that the the nearest Christian town, snatch Americans should rule over the his weapon from concealment and Moros and tax them to one-fifth of proceed to kill every person in all their goods! Never before in sight until he himself was killed. history had a Mora paid a cent of Simply injuring this fanatic would tax to anybody! The triumph of not stop him, for he would fight so Bullard's diplomacy was complete. long as there was any life left in him. If bayonetted, he would The best educated young Moro often seize the barrel of the rifle in Lanao has become my fast and push the bayonet farther into friend and my assistant editor. himself in an effort to get nearer "My father," he told me, "was the to the soldier at the other end. very first man to urge the Moros When at last the Moro perished, to obey America." So I read Cap- the news would be carried to his tain Bullard's account which ap- relatives who would then hold a peared in the Atlantic Monthly in

celebration. As night was coming ought to see Washington, the capon, some of them always saw him itol of the United States!" riding on a white horse bound for the abode of the blessed. Ten years after Carpenter began his work, one of the great round People who esteem life as cheap- the world boats was advertising, ly as that are not safe with fire- "See Zamboanga, the most beautiarms. Gathering up all the guns fullittle city in the world !" in the Moro country proved far the most difficult task undertaken by The result of this demonstration American soldiers. The Moros was that the Moros, especially the prize their guns more than any school children, went to work other of their possessions. At planting flowers around their present every Moro who desires to homes, and tried their hand at carry a gun must have a govern- rustic paths and fountains. Govment license. It is a privilege ernor Carpenter scoured the world which all important men prize also for new ideas in agriculture. highly, so they keep the law as Plots of ground were selected carefully as possible for fear their where the Moros could see what license may be taken away from was going on, and commercial them. plants of all kinds were raised for distribution. Seeds were distrib- New Ideas for Old uted free of charge, a specialist even going with the Moros to. show Clearly the chief need of the them how to plant and care for Moros was new ideas to take the the new crops. Coffee, rubber, tree place of their petty feuds and their cotton, avacarda pears and many narrow outlook; and all governors other articles are now permanently of the Moro country have been established. wracking their brains and scouring libraries for such ideas. Gov- The most wonderful tale in ernor Carpenter of Zamboanga Mindanao is this: For the first was the most original. He secured time in the history of Islam, a Moa landscape gardener from Wash- hammedan nation is going to school ington and set him to work beauti- to Christian teachers. The Moros fying Zamboanga. Beautiful little of Lanao are eager for their boys parks began to appear like magic. to have an education, for they see Fountains, charming waterfalls, that there is no other way in which and glorious flower gardens caught they can protect themselves from the eyes of the Moros, who had oppression and exploitation on the always loved color in their clothes part of unscrupulous people. but had not thought of putting it into their landscape. Numerous Even a few of the girls are atcanals, that once had been ugly tending school. But there are mud holes, began to shimmer with many hindrances in their way. An exquisite water lilies. Splendid Indian Moslem visiting the Moros concrete buildings arose along said: "The place of woman is to clean streets, and a great beautiful be subservient to man, and if she pier crept out into the bay, bril- becomes educated she talks back liantly lighted by dozens of gilded and wants too much money, and electric lamps. When the en- you cannot keep her in her place. thralled Moros asked the reason No, it will never do to educate for all this, they were told: "You women!" Then the educated girls tell the Moros that they intend to

marry Christians because they do the beginnings of an experiment in not like the easy divorce customs adult education, rather different of Islam, and they will not tolerate from anything of which I have a second wife. For these and other read elsewhere. Old and young reasons the Bureau of Education alike pile into our schoolroom is worried about the girls whom it whenever we open the doors, and educates, and is actually refusing study how to read our paper until to accept some who apply as stu- we have to invite them to go home dents in the schools. A profound for luncheon or until darkness social change results in these girls, prevents fUrther seeing. It seems and the Bureau wishes to be sure easy to prepare Moros teachers that it is not a change for the who can extend this "folk school" worse, or perhaps lead to a war idea all through the Province, and of the sexes! so teach the Moros how to become acquainted with the events of the A Great Danger in Lanao world around them.

The danger in Lanao is not that America owes a large debt to the Moros will refuse to drop their these Moros. We made them religion, but that they will take a promises which thus far we have cynical attitude toward religion left unfulfilled. They surrendered and morals in general. Those who to America, because they trusted have been in contact with "Chris- her. We deprived them of their tian" civilization are as a rule not means of self-defense. We owe it so good as those who have been to them to see that they are not wholly free from the contact. crushed and even exterminated in the pathway of greed. If we can- Bishop Brent, while in the not help them by peaceful meth- Philippines, became so greatly im- ods, they constantly tell me they pressed with the need of the Moros will resort again to arms, and if that three wealthy society women, they do they will bring misfortune infected with his zeal, went to J 010, upon themselves and all the Philipestablished a fine agricultural pines. They still remain the one school, and almost transformed the menace to Philippine Independence spirit of that once dangerous Is- which most worries many of us. land. On the other hand, if we give Four months ago, the Rev. them the aid they need they can Donato Galia and I opened our new become mighty leaders in this part station in Lanao Province among of the world. Nobody questions some hundred thousand Moros. their innate qualities. Personally We have found them friendly be- I believe that we shall see Moros yond all expectation. We began a driving down into Borneo and Java little newspaper in the Maranao and Sumatra and the Straits with dialect, which has been well re- their boundless energy, carrying ceived and is proving a channel for the new vision of what Christ can ideas of all sorts. It is published do for the enrichment of Islam. in Maranao with Arabic letters, and with Roman letters, and in These ancient pirates of the English. Perhaps half the men of Pacific can become the key tn the Lanao can read one of these three Moslem problem in The Far East. columns, and they all wish they They have it in their blood to do it. could read the other two. We have But what will America do?

RELIG IOU:;; RIHiCNI'ION CLASS IN A COUNTRY DAY

RELIGIOUS TRAINING FOR RURAL YOUTH BY THE REV. JAY S. STOWELL, Philadelphia, Pa.

Director of i'lt lJ licitlf, Board of l1U1nc Mi.'fsions a,1id Church R:.rtcnsion oj the ilIf;thutiist f,;pis("o}Jul ellul'clt OUT in Wyoming a certain A small but growing army of young woman had a "flat" trained young women are today at at a rather inconvenient work in rural areas on a new promoment, for a group of boys and gram which promises to revolugirls was awaiting her arrival at tionize religious procedure for a rural schoolhouse some miles these districts. It holds out to the away. After some tribulations the boys and girls in rural areas new damaged tire was repaired but the and better opportunities in relitraveler was so belated that it gious nurture than they have ever seemed almost foolish to proceed. before had. The plan, if extended, However, her habit of persistence will bring religious nurture to milhad its reward when she met the lions of youth attending rural pubentire group of bays and girls, lic schools, but who, for the most mostly Japanese and Scotch, at a part, have no regular contact with point a mile and a half from the any church or Sllnday-sclwol. It schoolhouse. They had come to will make possible religious train- meet their teacher, both because ing for other millions of boys and they were curious to know what girls who have had only the rather had happened to her and also be- sketchy aid of untrained volunteer cause they were determined not to Sunday-school teachers for twenty miss what she had to offer. That minutes a week when teacher and thing was not any part of the or- pupil have both found it convendinary public school curriculum ient to be present. Perhaps we but was instruction in religion and can best explain by citing the exlife. periences of one day with one of 349

these modern teachers of religion. promise to rural religion. No two One morning I was met at lessons had been alike, but each one' had fitted into a consecutive series. Ithaca by Miss Viola Schuldt, a I had seen small children cut, fold, college-trained young woman with and color their own paper "winpostgraduate w 0 r k in religious dows" which were then held closely education. After an early break- against the glass of the real winfast we headed for the country, dow while the pupils named the hustled for some miles over hard things which they could see for roads, swung onto a narrow, wind- which they wished to thank Gcd. ing, dirt road, and finally reached Afterward these lists were copied the top of a hill, where we found on the paper windows. The items an ancient one-room school. A ranged from trees and flowers to group of children were awaiting cows and people. Those carefully the opening of school, and a teacher made and colored windows, with was approaching from a distance. their list of blessings, wculd be faithfully preserved and would The bell rang and for sixty teach their own lessons during the minutes I listened to a thoroughly days that the teacher was away. prepared teacher presenting, according to approved pedagogical There were drills in the use of methods, a 'very effective lesson on the Bible, for the teacher provides God as the Heavenly Father. The Bibles at small cost. One group pupils belonged to no church and learned an evening prayer. Anattended no Sunday-school; some other discussed and planned in deof them were from homes of pov- tail a Thanksgiving party to be erty. During that hour they re- given at the schoolhouse for their ceived an impression which will mothers. They gave the reasons stay with them through life. They why the items which they sugwere so intent upon the lesson that, gested should be included in the when a huge threshing machine program. lumbered past over the country road in full view of the window, One school presented a simple, scarcely an eye was turned. These but carefully planned, religious farm youth here learned something dramatization, in which practically that will make them better citizens every member of the school parand will permanently enrich their ticipated. The One Hundredth lives. Psalm was used as memory work for one group, and notebook work At ten o'clock we sped on to an- formed a part of the program for other school where a still larger all the groups. Questions as to group of pupils awaited a lesson on what constitutes religious living Thanksgiving, of e qua II y high were discussed. merit; four o'clock found us on another hilltop, completing the Millions of Americans have resixth lesson for the day, this time ceived all the religious training upon the meaning of the Kingdom they ever had in church services or of Heaven. It was one of the most Sunday schools held in some schoolinteresting days I have ever spent, house. These new rural teachers for I had been watching an out- of religion are able to carryon standing representative of a new their work in conjunction with profession putting into practical public school authorities only beoperation a program of amazing cause of the provision of New York

RELIGIOUS TRAINING FOR RURAL YOUTH

State law making possible the re- of the salaries of the workers. lease of pupils one hour each week Methodists, Presbyterians, Bapfor religious instruction. After tists, Episcopalians and others several years of experience, the have joined and have produced the cash to make this new venture work has so commended itself to possible. parents that they sign written requests that their children shall be Rural teachers of religion are alreleased for it. Other states have ready at work in states as widely similar provisions and the number separated as New York, Pennsylseems likely to increase. In states vania, Arizona, Connecticut, Idaho, where laws are different the work Kentucky, Maryland, Minnesota, is frequently carried on b e for e Georgia, Illinois, Kansas, Michschool hours, during recess or after school. igan, Oregon, California, Montana, New Jersey, North Carolina, Ohio, INDIAN PUPILS IN A MOUNTAIN SCHOOr. AND 'J'HEIR BIBLE TEACHER In Tompkins C 0 u n t y, Miss Oklahoma, Tennessee, West Vir- Schuldt reaches each week 284 gInIa, Wyoming, and probably pupils between Monday and Fri- other states from which no reday. She is one of five such work- ports are at hand. ers giving their time to this work. Tompkins County is, in fact, one In one county in Michigan one of the outstanding counties in the trained girl was now reaching United States in the development more boys and girls each week of this ministry to rural youth. through the public schools than all It has been made possible largely the churches of all denominations by the vision and patient per- in the same territory had reached sistence of Professor Ralph Felton through the Sunday-school at any of the Rural Extension Depart- one time in the past fifteen years. ment of Cornell University, and by the generosity of the churches of In Lane County, Oregon, the Ithaca, which have provided most work was begun three years ago under the personal direction of Miss Mary C. Harding, and was

later taken over by the Lane In one school a mother reported that County Council of Religious Edu- it was the first time her little boy had cation. The first year fifteen attended a religious service, and the first classes were organized with 329 time she and her husband had attended pupils; the next year the work "church" since they were married. In grew to twenty-five classes with another district the school was made up of Czechoslovakian, Polish, Hungarian, Welsh and Scotch children, only one 508 pupils. The present plans call American family being included. Many for fifty classes with an enrolment of the children in the kindergarten could of nearly one thousand. The work speak no English, and the mothers spoke is done on released school time and only brokenly but attended a class or- ganized to teach English.

reaches legging camps and lumber These are brief glimpses of a towns as well as agricultural com- movement that is s pre a din g munities. through rural America much faster These new rural teachers of re- than many imagine. It is bringing ligion are not limited to one meth- into existence a new profession for od of work. During the summer college and normal school grad- months they promote hundreds of uates who have taken time to daily vacation schools of religion. specialize in the work of religious One worker in Illinois reported education. The field is so full of twelve such schools under her di- promise and the method of work rection, with fifty-three volunteer so economical that men of wealth teachers and nearly six hundred would do well to set aside some pupils. Seventeen of these volun- millions of dollars with which to teer workers were public school challenge communities to achieve- teachers with normal training, ment along this line of religious nine college-trained high school nurture for rural youth. The teachers, two college-trained pas- movement might then be stim- tors' wives, three pastors with col- ulated somewhat as Andrew Car- lege training, two other college negie stimulated the loan library graduates, one undergraduate, and or as Julius Rosenwald has stim- nineteen with high school training. ulated the work of elementary edu- Without such trained leadership cation among Negroes.

probably not one of the schools Thus far the churches of Ithaca would have been held and six hun- have led the country in their will- dred boys and girls would have ingness to assume the salaries of missed several weeks of consecu- these rural teachers of religion, tive training in matters of religion. while the communities in which the During last summer Miss Esther work is done have been challenged B. Cutler, a worker in Wyoming, to provide a budget for traveling had charge of eight such vacation expenses and for educational ma- schools of religion with a total en- terials. In Lane County, Oregon, rolment of 240 pupils, ranging the teaching is done largely by stu- from four to twelve years of age. dents on part time. The communi- Of her experiences Miss Cutler ties served are expected to pay the writes: salary of the teacher, while travel- Many of the children are not connected ing expenses are provided by a with any church or church school and financial campaign. In some cases their parents have no church connec- Rural Religious Education Societion. Many of the boys and girls came a long distance on horseback or in car- ties with a membership fee have riages…… . been organized among rural and

town dwellers to support this rural over, but it does mean that we canprogram of religious nurture. Na- not depend upon it exclusively to tional agencies, both denomina- provide religious training for the tional and interdenominational, boys and girls in America. The have also made direct appropria- public school is the only agency tions for this religious ministry. which reaches ninety per cent of All of these methods of support American youth, so that any comhelp, but the field is enormous and prehensive system of religious nuris ripe unto harvest. ture shculd be worked out in terms of school districts and school It has become increasingly clear groups. that the Sunday-school cannot be DRAMATIZING A BIBI,E STORY IN A CLASS IN RELIGIOUS EDUCATION depended upon to fill the needs of These new workers in religious the boys and girls of America for education are blazing a new trail full religious nurture. It has for a more comprehensive plan of reached only a fraction of Amer- religious nurture for rural youth. ican youth and it labors under the Our rural regions are crying out handicaps of the "peak-load-at-a- for a great army of well qualified single-hour," the limitations of un- religious teachers, as well trained, trained teachers, and irregularity as well paid, and as sure of an opof attendance on the part of both portunity for service as are public teachers and pupils. The latest re- school teachers. The way is beligious census shows that only 44.1 ginning to open. State legislatures per cent of the children of the are breaking down some of the bar- United States are even enrolled in riers; boys and girls of our rural Sunday-school – an actual decline areas are finely responsive, and a of more than four per cent in a crowd of enthusiastic coli e g edecade. This does not mean that trained workers are crying out, the day of the Sunday-school is "Let's go!"

3

FROM THE FRONT*

Siam Christians Accept Responsibilities crease in enrollment. Reinforce- Na~ionals willingly accepting in- ments and adequate appropriacreasmg responsibility for work tions urgently needed and call for but urgently asking for more train- the earnest prayers of the home ing. All churches in South Siam Church.-Rev. T. E. Barber.

Presbytery united in supporting Guatemala Sends Greetings work in East Siam.-Rev. Herbert Lord's work advances spite erup- W. Stewart. tion, earthquakes, drought, finan- Pray for Japan's Spiritual Advance cial crisis, revolution. Believers Hokkaido, Japan, a land of un- growing in grace, volunteer servlimited opportunities for Christ. ice, giving. Marvelous opportuni- Cities of over 60,000 and 70,000 ties. Force undermanned. Mediwith no resident foreigner demand cal work extended to unserved dismission~ries immediately. North- tricts. Home needed to replace ern Star Girls' School, with every shack for missionaries at boys' teacher a Christian, had over school. New school building Queeighty baptisms last year. You at zaltenango great asset. Praise, home please study, pray and give pray, sustain budget, send best that Japan may advance spiritu- young people.-Rev. L. P. Sullenally as she has materially.-Rev. berger. Leo C. Lake. :Brazil Plans Expansion Venezuela Asks Open Door Presbyterian Missions in Brazil have produced one of strongest National Church and Mission national churches in the world, carrying on in spite of exclusion but vast interior regions still un- of foreign clergy. We unitedly touched by Gospel. Missions plan- ask interest and help in forward ning expansion Amazon Basin movement in Venezuela. Remem- and Indians Upper Xingu. More ber our building program in your prayer, money and reinforcements offerings. Pray for deepened spir- from home churches urgently itual life for Venezuela Church and needed for advance. Confident that God may open way for en- you will not fail us.-Rev. Philip trance of much-needed mission- S. Landes.

aries.-Rev. C. A. Phillips. From West Africa Colombian Government Sympathetic To the Presbyterian Church, U. S. A.: Much progress is being New Colombian government by made in the old fields of Cameroun fair election is sympathetic to all and fine opportunities are opening our work. Great opportunities for in unoccupied or partially occupied the spread of the Gospel. Young regions. The church here is men and women offering them- marching forward and no insurselves for service require prepara- mountable obstacles are visible. tion. Critical financial crisis causes Continued support is urgently much distress. Schools greatly in- needed to man properly the line • From the PresblftPT-ian IVorld New8. of occupation.-Rev. R. H. Evans.

354

'J'HE WORLD CONGRESS {W CHRISTIAK }lISSIONS AT

WORLD MISSIONS AT CHATTANOOGA The Story of the Notable CO'/1,gress Held in Tennessee BY DAVID M. SWEETS, Louisville, Kentucky Ewit(lr of The Cltr~N«-'H Observer ; BOUT 1,800 registered dele- the report. The Findings Commit- tee brought in its report at the last £". gates attended the Congress session.

on World Missions in Chat- Great enthusiasm was manitanooga in addition to several hun- fested by those attending the Condred unofficial delegates and visi- gress. tors. The large auditorium, with a seating capacity of over 5,009 Dr. J. P. McCallie, of Chattapersons, was comfortably filled at nooga, and the local committee on the night meetings. A magnificent arrangements had made adequate pageant was presented by repre- preparation for the comfort and sentatives of the Chattanooga convenience of all the delegates. churches, portraying the seventy The program had been carefully years of missionary work of the prepared under the direction of Dr. Presbyterian Church in the United C. Darby Fulton. States. Rev. James 1. Vance, D.D., chair- Each afternoon, one of the re- man of the Executive Committee ports* of the six commissions ap- of Foreign Missions, at the openpointed a year ago was read and ing session outlined the task of the immediately the Congress divided church as follows: up into thirty groups-ten in the Men's Division, ten in the Women's Has the church of the twentieth Division, and ten in the Young Peo- century enough character for its task? ple's Division-for discussion of Can it shake off its entanglements with politics, with industry and capi- • The reports of tile Commissions were pub· tal, with civic reforms and credal big- otries, and emancipate itself for its ~~s~ege i~e:u~;~kfo~f i5"2cfnat~e~y c~;1t'n~f t,;h~~~ supreme undertaking which is spir- itual? Can it clothe itself with salva- ~30~1~:;.h~li~,m¥:~~,.of Foreign Missions, Box 355

tion, and flaming with a new passion OOO,OQ() in the next eighteen for Calvary, and bearing the marks of months."

the Cross in its hands and feet, get Dr. James Endicott gave a conto its work? We are here to see. This vincing address, proving that for- Congress will mean next to nothing eign missions is of the very warp unless there issues from it a church and woof of the New Testament. born again, The report of Commission I, of The opening address of the Con- which Dr. Walter L. Lingle was gress was made by Rev. Mark A. chairman, contained the following Matthews, D.D., pastor of the First section on "Missionary Obligation Presbyterian church of Seattle. He and Motive": asserted that the answer to the question, "Why is not our ;cphrch Christ the Only. Foundation more interested in contributing In dealing with the obligations of its ,mdney and its sons and daugh- the Christian church to carry the Gos- ters to missionary work?" was to pel to the nonChristian lands we are be found in the fact that "there touching the crux of the whole prob- are 63,000,000 pagans in America, lem today. Why is it that the interest and it is harder to bring American in foreign missions is everywhere lagpagans to Christ than it is to con- ging and that gifts are faIling off? It is because the Chri·stian people are vert the heathen ….. . no longer gipped by a burning con- "I am standing on the terms of viction that men everywhere are lost without Christ. The sense of urgency, command and by the authority of of immediate danger, of a crisis in Christ, who is absolute in power salvation has largely disappeared. in heaven and earth. Christ is the Many of our preachers no longer only incarnation; there never has been one before and there never preach as dying men to dying men.

will be another. That doctrine Our forefathers believed that men would change America today in everywhere without Christ were in imminent danger of facing the wrath fifteen minutes if the materialistic .of God. Our modern world has largely crowd who are hoarding the wealth lost this urgent note in salvation. We need to restore it. We need to learn would realize it." that we are in danger not only of the Contributions to mission have wrath of God hereafter, but that here and now a world without Christ faces been decreased because "we have immediate disaster in its economic, been spending our money on our- social and international relationships. selves," Dr. Matthews said.

"The organized forces of the antichrist are doing more today to Our age is not primarily interested in weaken the arm of Christianity what it conceives to be a mere figment and to thwart its aim than ever of the theological imagination, but it before," he declared. "Communis- is vitally concerned in present losses tic theories and policies are sweep- and disasters. It is this loss of a ing the world. One billion four mighty conviction about salvation and hundred million people yet unsaved of both a present and a future disaster are lying out before us, presenting to the soul and to modern civilization a field white for the harvest. If without Christ that has cut the nerve Christians were to do the hand- of missionary obligation and enthusi- asm. picked personal work that was What has destroyed this burning done in the first century of the conviction that the nonChristian world church we could touch those 1,400,- is lost without Christ? The problem

1931J WORLD MISSIONS AT CHATTANOOGA

here is very little different on the for- Jesus Christ. He loved us and gave eign field from what it is at home. Himself for us. All that we are to- The disease has only come to a head day, and all that we hope to be through a little more quickly on the frontier the eternal age·s to come we owe to lines. What has destroyed the Chris- Him. He wants us to tell all the world tian conviction both at home and the story of His redeeming love. He abroad is the rising tide of secularism. has made His heart's desire known to This, more than the heathen religions, us in many ways. He has even com- is the subtle foe that we must meet manded us to go and preach the Gos- abroad. In fact, the heathen religions pel to every creature. His love should are being undermined by this same be a constraining motive. His com- naturalism ….. . mand should be final with those who At one time all departments of hu- love Him. We have a longing to be man endeavor were built on a churchly Christ-like. If we really want to be foundation. But, one by one, each has like Him, we must share His desire asserted its independence of ecclesi- that all men should be saved ….. . astical control and built its superstructure anew on Ii basis of pure God's ideal for the individual is that naturalism …… Science was once a he should become perfectly like Jesus child of the church; but she has raised Christ. "Whom He did foreknow them the standard 'of revolt, and desires not did He also predestinate to be cononly to rule her own household with- formed to the image of His Son." out outside help, but also to build all His ideal for the world is that it moral and spiritual values on a secu- should become perfectly like heaven. lar foundation. Today the new reli- "Thy Kingdom come. Thy will be gion of Humanism would do without done on earth as it is in heaven." ….. the church, her sacraments and her These ideals can be realized only as supernatural revelation. Such is the men everywhere learn to know and revolt of secularism. It is Christian- love the Christ, and crown Him Lord ity's greatest enemy both at home and of all in their lives ….. . abroad. It has largely taken the nerve out of missionary obligation to a lost An appealing statement was made and dying world. by the Jerusalem Council: Since Christ is the motive, the end of Chris- If this abiding missionary convic- tian missions fits in with that motive. tion and obligation is to be restored, Its end is nothing Jess than the prothen we must show to the world, both duction of Christ-like character in inat home and abYoad, that personality dividuals and societies and nations and modern civilization will perish un- through faith and fellowship with less they are built upon the Rock Christ, the living Saviour, and through Christ Jesus. For other foundati~n corporate sharing of life in a divine can no man lay-not science, philoso- society. Christ is our motive and phy, secularism or humanism-than Chri·st is our end. We must give noththat is laid, which is Jesus Christ. We ing less, and we can give nothing more.

need to show to the world anew the Dr. S. M. Zwemer gave an admeaning of sin both in its individual and in its social aspects, to make clear dress in which he said that the that all secular foundations for the church has lost its sense of the ursoul and for society will ultimately gency of missions, its sense of the fail, to present attractively and con- adequacy of the Gospel and its vincingly the unchanging Christ as sense of the supremacy of Christ. the solution of the world's problems, and as bringing salvation both here Two gripping messages were brought by Dr. Robert E. Speer.

and hereafter. In one he dwelt particularly on the We are under eternal obligation to present day objections that are be-

ing advanced, without and within and who are groping around for the church, concerning foreign mis- the new. sions-objections no different from those which the first Christian had The scope of the Congress can to confront. be seen from the subjects assigned to the six Commissions that pre- In another address he said : "We pared and presented comprehenare facing the same problems with sive reports as follows: which Christianity was confronted at its beginning-problems dealing I. The Missionary Message and with the destiny of the human soul, Obligation-Christianity and the Nonthe personality of Jesus and the Christian Religions. Rev. W. L. relationship of Christianity with Lingle, D.D., chairman. the other religions of the world. The relationship of religion to the II. The Foreign Field-Our Misstate, to politics, to war, to mar- sionary Responsibility. Rev. D. W. riage and to citizenship, also is the Richardson, D.D., chairman. problem of Christianity now as in the beginning." III. The Church at Home-How Can It Meet This Responsibility? Dr. Speer referred to fallacious Rev. H. W. DuBose, D.D., chairman. educational ideas and said: "An idea has been evolved that educa- IV. The Pastor and Missions-His tion must not transmit anything, Place of Leadership. Rev. Wm. M. but must be evocative. We are told Anderson," D.D., chairman. that the experience of mankind in all the years of its existence must V. The Offering of Possessionsnot be transmitted through educa- Adequately Financing the Enterprise. tion. Are we to refrain from teach- Rev. A. S. Johnson, D.D., chairman. ing a language to children until they become eighteen, so that they V. The Offering of Life-The will be able to choose what lan- Missionary Recruits, Past, Present guage they shall learn? Must and Future. Rev. W. Taliaferro everyone start at the beginning of Thompson, D.D., chairman. the human race and learn all its experiences for himself? The Findings things that in the past twenty years the antichristian forces have The facts set forth in the report been attacking are the secondary of Commission I on "The Missionagencies of the church, which we ary Message and Obligation" conhad been told were what the world stitute a ringing appeal to the wanted-the schools and the hos- church. pitals. The need of the world for Jesus "It is sad to see men tearing is as great today as it was when down the old gods before they have He ascended the Cross on Calvary. found the true God, but it gives the The imperative of the Great Com- Christian church an opportunity to mission, "Go ye into all the world replace the old half truths with the and preach the Gospel to every full truth of the living God. The creature," has lost none of its old fanaticisms are dying down, force. He is still saying, "If ye and all over the world one sees men love me, keep my commandments," who have forsaken the old gods "As the Father hath sent me, even so send I you."

In dealing with the obligation of the Christian church to carry the Gospel to the nonChristian lands we are touching the crux of the whole problem today. Why is it that the interest in foreign mis-

WORLD MISSIONS AT CHATTANOOGA

sions is everywhere lagging and more be placed upon the native that gifts are falling off? It is be- church for support and direction.

cause the Christian people are no Schools which are only secondary longer gripped by a burning con- should not be continued. Recog- viction that men everywhere are nizing the evangelistic value of lost without Christ. these institutions, however, we be- The sense of urgency, of imme- lieve that the church should be diate danger, of a crisis in salva- slow to adopt a policy of establish- tion, has largely disappeared. ing no more schools and hospitals, Many of our preachers no longer but should at present strengthen preach as dying men to dying men. those in existence and be guided Our forefathers believed that men by conditions on the fields in fu- everywhere without Christ were in ture policy.

imminent danger of facing the It should be our missi()nary pro- wrath of God. Our modern world gram to develop in all our fields has largely lost this urgent note self-supporting, self-governing, and in salvation. We need to restore self-propagating native churches, it …… We need to show to the and the church at home should world anew the meaning of sin, supply all that is necessary to real- both in its individual and in its ize this end.

social aspect's, to make clear that To meet these needs there shOUld all secular foundations for the soul be an increase both in missionary and for society will ultimately fail, force and financial support. The to present attractively and con- commission estimates that a twen- vincingly the unchanging Christ ty per cent increase in number of as the solution of the world's prob- missionaries during the next ten lems and as bringing salvation both or fifteen years and an annual in- here and hereafter. crease of five per cent in mission- Our church has not undertaken ery offerings during the same too great a missionary task, and period seems to be a reasonable that we should press on to its com- estimate.

pletion as rapidly as the church Under the guidance of God a furnishes the means for advance. call should be made to all churches Conditions in the world and on our for confession of our inadequate mission fields emphasize the ur- faith, and of our lack of genuine gency of the task and call the self-denial and of devotion to our church to renewed energy and con- Lord and to His service …… The centration to the task. budget should be considered the The effective accomplishment of minimum and that churches should our missionary task means that we be called upon for additional spe- should first establish and strength- cial sacrificial gifts to meet the en the work already under way, great needs of the world as the op- then press on as rapidly as pos- portunityoffers.

sible into unoccupied areas. Direct We strongly endorse the grow- evangelistic work should be ing practice of schools of missions stressed. Institutional work, as and missionary libraries in the represented by scho()ls and hospi- Church, and we especially com- tals should be made subordinate mend schools of missions for men.

and contributory to the evangelistic We believe that there should be objective. They should more and worked Ol,lt some original plan for

the education of the Church in all sound physical condition in order its causes ….. . that the percentage of return be lessened. In the period of prep- The appeal for foreign mission aration, they be encouraged to culsupport should be grounded more tivate a balanced mental attitude largely in a portrayal of the tri- toward life, including participaumphs of the Gospel of Christ and tion in recreational activities, and that the note of defeatism should the cultivation of necessary periods not be so often sounded. of relaxation from their work. They should also be men and wom- The Pastor and Missions en of good general ability. Above all, a missionary must have a sound The pastor, being the divinely moral character and an intense deappointed overseer of the individ- votion for the Master. ual church and the recognized key to all forward movements, should In addition to trying to make the assume the responsibility of mis- missionary spirit permeate all our sionary leadership. It is the judg- homes and institutions, the Church ment of the groups that the pas- has the right to call to particular tor's leadership in missions can be fields such representatives as are made more effective if elders, dea- deemed suitable and desirable. The cons and members of our churches Church through its Foreign Miswould recognize and assume their sion Committee should have the Christ – appointed obligation to power to call a man or woman to a carry out the purpose and program field, but that individual must in of the Great Commission. How- no way be constrained beyond ever, the missionary enthusiasm in what he interprets to be the call of any church, including officers and God to that work. This is not to members, is almost directly pro- be construed to discourage volunportionate to the faithfulness and teering for the field. effectiveness with which the pastor gives missionary information and Our missionary representatives inspiration. should receive the best possible training before being sent out: It There should be greater em- was emphasized again and again phasis on consecration of self and that this training should begin in means, through leadership by pre- Christian homes. This training cept and example of pastor and should, if possible, include the obofficers of every church with firm taining of a college degree because conviction that the tithe is a debt of the necessity for recognition on to the Lord and that gifts come the foreign field. However, the afterward. main emphasis in training should be to secure a real spiritual experi- The Offering of Life ence in the candidate, since the Congress finds the main motive for Missionaries are wanted and are securing, training and sending out needed, and are being sent out to- or going as missionaries "the need day, but that there is a particular and sacrifice of Christ:' need for securing the very best possible type of men and women. These missionaries should be of

IS YOUR BIRTHDAY?

Birthday Bands and Their Remarkable World Wide Mission " H BY EMMA BELLE D. PIERSON, Montclair, New Jersey AVE you ever heard of the Gather Up the Fragments. The most remarkable mission- happy company of 6,000 donors ary enterprise in the now belonging to this Band sent world?" last year over £1300 ($6,500) in This question by a Christian lay- thank offerings of birthday shil- man in Australia was interjected lings.

into a conversation as we sat on a They work through existing mishillside overlooking the city of sionary organizations, helping mis- Brisbane, Queensland. The super- sionaries in tight places when there lative adjective caught our atten- is no money available to meet tion. Then he told us a story of a some peculiarly urgent need. Last world-wide ministry founded by a year the gifts touched twenty-four missionary minded mother and an different countries, supported impressionable lad in Australia twenty-six native Christians, ac- who became interested in working tive messengers for Christ to their and saving and giving to educate own people, and kept in Christian a boy in India. It was in the days homes and schools forty-five boys of paper shaving balls, and the and girls who had been rescued son's willing little hands made doz- from opium dens, idol temples and ens and dozens of these balls and slavery of all kinds. The original sold them, sending a goodly sum Band has increased to eighty-four, on his birthday each year to India with eighty-four prayerful volun- to educate his little brown skinned teer secretaries who send personal brother in a Christian school. Then greetings and missionaries news- the World War came and took this letters to each member as each earnest young Australian boy, birthday comes around. The sec- whose life might have been spent retary's other joyful duty is to for- in the service of Christ in the mis- ward to the central office the "love sion field. The bereaved mother gifts" that come in response to conceived the thought of perpetu- these greetings. There are no paid ating his work, by forming a Mis- officers, (postage stamps are al- sionary Birthday Band to which most their only over-head ex- everyone having a birthday might penses), but such real links are be eligible. being forged between the givers There are missionary enterprises and the needy in far off mission you can visit and see, there are lands that the work is an effective others you cannot. No buildings education.

of stone, no elaborate organiza- One outgrowth from this Mis- tions represent them at home or sionary Birthday Band is as interon the field, but they are neverthe- esting as the Band itself. One less truly adventures for God in member, a retired missionary from the realm of service. Such is the China, appreciating the cheery Missionary Birthday Band formed birthday letter received with news twelve years ago, with the motto: of the one his love gift was help- 361

ing, thought of a bedridden friend little widows who are proteges.

whom he might enroll and thus We stopped at desolate Thursday bring a new outside interest into Island where a tiny girl named his life. The invalid was Mr. Rob- "Little Lovely" is being educated ert A. Byers of Melbourne, for for God's service, enduring there thirty years a helpless paralytic, the hottest average temperature in tc tally blind and partially deaf, and all the world. In the Kwato Mis- hopelessly lock-jawed. With the sion, Papua, we saw how the gifts first birthday greeting to this inva- of the Band are being multiplied lid came a booklet telling of a little a hundredfold in the hands of the blind orphan in India whom the devoted missionaries. In Sydney Band was helping. As a visiting we met Miss Florence Young of friend read to him the story the the Solomon Islands Mission and blind paralytic was filled with a heard of several fine Christian boys longing to do something for the who are being cared for by big countless number of friendless brothers of the Band. In Kobe, blind folk the world over. He spoke Japan, we saw dear old Mrs. Jo to ten friends who joined the who carries on her work for des- Birthday Mission Band, they in pairing women; and in Shanghai turn became leaders of other bands, we visited the Door of Hope, that and eight years later this bedrid- haven for ill-treated child wives den Christian formed his birthday and street girls. All these count the Mission Band into a Mission to the Birthday Bands among their help- Blind, ministering in Bible lands ful friends.

and Far East. When God called Considering the distant out· this brave sufferer to higher serv- reaches of the Band, there is a reice four years ago, the mission in markable family feeling, a touch its seven years had raised over $21,000 and was supporting eight between the needy children and the blind evangelists, five blind Bible parent organization so close that women, and eighty sightless chil- the children themselves show in- terest in each other. Last year the dren, besides publishing Braille blind girls in China felt concern literature in many lands. for the leper children in India and Probably one secret of the suc- undertook to weave a bale of cloth cess of the Birthday Mission Band for them.

lies in its large number of organ- Mr. Byers, founder of the misized prayful volunteer workers. sion to the blind, has been called There is an immense amount of home and ill health has caused Mrs. work entailed in keeping track of Garrett, the mother of the Birthsix thousand birthdays and sup- day Mission Band, to withdraw plying tid-bits of missionary infor- from active service, but friends mation to keep alive a desire to will not permit the rare and lovely cooperate further. work to droop and fade for lack of watering with prayers and gen- On our recent missionary tour we visited several places where the erous gifts. * Band has a loving interest in the work. The Ramabai Mission, near • Jj"or fu['thcl' information write to lIr. W .

Poona, India, includes one or two .J. Tunlpy. 26 Brisbane Arcade, Brisbane, QueellslllllQ.

FORWARD MOVEMENT IN

BY THE REV. DONALD FRASER, D.D., Edinburgh, Scotland T HE leaders of the newly show a Christ-like character, and united Church of Scotland attract to Him the million souls in believe that this Church has our own land who are without the now an unrivalled opportunity for Church. influencing the life of Scotland and of the whole world. Since the "The world overseas needs that Union wherever the Church is at we do so. In these days of rapid work there is a spirit of expect- change, when the forces of science, ancy that a forward movement, commerce and nationality are so with a great spiritual dynamic, profoundly influencing the world, will be undertaken by all depart- we who have most to give to shape ments at home and abroad. and guide the nations must see to it that these forces are permeated Such a forward movement has by the spirit of Jesus Christ.

been started and the preliminary "We thank God for all the ac- announcement says: tive efforts of the Church today to "We have the instruments ready overtake its task, yet we must for such a movement. We have a recognize that we have not yet Gospel of the crucified and living proved our adequacy for the enor- Lord, which centuries have proved mous undertakings to which we to be the greatest regenerative are committed. The proposed Formessage of the world. We have ward Movement is a plan by which organizations formed to meet the we may draw more fully upon our needs of the age and to carry this immense resources, by making ourmessage to all classes and races of selves more aware of the task to men. We have our own personali- which we are summoned, and the ties which, if dedicated to the power available to accomplish it.

Kingdom of God, can provide the "The method we would use is to service of men, money and prayer, issue a carefully considered Call to which will make these organiza- the whole Church. This we are tions freely active. preparing through commissions which are reviewing our respon- "What more is required? Only sibilities, and commitments and that the Church should now claim what response these demand of us. and draw upon the unlimited re- The result of their study will be sources of power which are in her embodied in a volume which will membership, and in God the Holy take the form of 'A Call to the Spirit. Service of the Kingdom.' The Call will be conveyed to the Church by "Scotland needs that we do so. a Congress to be held in Glasgow, Our religious habits and faith are October 26 to 30, 1931, at which apt to be merely a heritage from 2,000 to 3,000 delegates from all the past. They must become our the Presbyteries in Scotland will own through deep religious con- be present. Thereafter it has victions, till Christ the Lord of all been suggested that provincial con- Life, so triumphs in our personal gresses of shorter duration should and social life and controls all our relationships, that the Church shall 363

be held. These will be followed by bring definitely before the various a series of Missions of the King- meetings of their Church the purdom from town to town, and Pres- pose and value of the Forward bytery to Presbytery, when there Movement. will be presented to the Church and the whole community the call "Our hope lies in the spirit of to personal and congregational prayer which may be roused and dedication to Christ and the serv- maintained throughout the Church. ice of His Kingdom. In addition We would have the preparation of to, and in preparation for these the Call so directed by the prayers more local efforts, directed and of the Church that when it appears, prayerful study of the Call in the and is conveyed to the Congress at congregations will be essential, in Glasgow, it shall be as the voice of order to reap the maximum of ben- God to His Church. efit and stimulus. "We ask that in the pUlpit serv- "Meanwhile it is necessary that ices, and in all meetings of the a spirit of expectation and of congregation prayers may go unprayer he created and nurtured. ceasingly to God. We suggest that Already many forms of a forward prayer groups should be formed of movement are visible. In some those who shall study the. pamcases it appears in a house to house phlets and pray for the Holy Spirvisitation, which has now become more possible under a plan of ter- it, and that in the family and in ritorial responsibility: in others private devotions the Call and the in united evangelistic services, and Congress he remembered. in meetings for the quickening of spiritual life. "If all bear their part in creat- ing and stimulating this atmos- "A series of papers dealing with phere of prayer and expectation, the Church's task, its message, and we shall see such a Forward Movethe Divine Power necessary, will ment as will change Scotland, and be circulated first to ministers, and influence the whole world." afterwards to the public. Their object is to enable ministers to Are there not valuable sugges- tions here for a world-wide spir- itual revival in every Church and in every land?

THE CHURCH IN A CHANGED WORLD The Church today finds itself in a vastly different world from the one of a few years ago. Modern discoveries, new inventions, the scientific spirit, and the enlarged knowledge of the world in all its aspects have had their effect not only on the world in general but especially on religion and the work of the Church. New problems and new difficulties stand in her path. The whole world has been changed. Mission lands have also felt this impact and, although backward and static for centuries, are now changing rapidly, giving the Church the opportunity of laying Christian principles in the foundations of the new nations that seem destined to exert a mighty influence on the whole family of nations….. .

The world has changed, but the outstanding human needs remain as of yore. The world is poor, and sick, and ignorant, and sinful. Man needs a God who is Christ-like and who makes Christ·like men. The Church knows that God. She has that kind of men. The Church is the human agent by which men may come to iknow Jesus Christ, and may be led into that transformed Life.

-C. H. STAUFFACHER in The Evo.,ngelico.,/ Messenger.

Much Is a Missionary to less than one half its normal

VVorth? Chinese workers are paid in this de- preciated currency and suffer hard- Who can rightly estimate the worth ship from the present higher prices.

of a man-as a unit in society, as a Most missionaries are paid in foreign laborer, as a leader of men, as a fa- currency (gold) and receive the bene- ther, as a prophet of God? In some fit of present exchange rates. (One parts of the world a man's life is gold dollar now buys $4.50 in Chinese worth less than that of a beast-even donars in place of $2.00 at the normal before the law. On the other hand, rate.) If missionaries are paid a fixed some officers of the Bethlehem Steel rate in Chinese dollars they suffer Corporation have received over one when paying foreign obligations in million dollars a year each as a bonus gold.

in addition to salaries. The ground The general cost of living in most on which these huge payments were mission lands has advanced from 25 made was the value of these men from to 100 per cent. Since more responsi- a business point of view. The worth bilities are being placed in the hands of some men and women cannot be of the Nationals in these mission estimated in dollars and "they are fields, they are being taken into the not for sale." councils of the missions and have a Questions have been raised in for- voice in the allocation of mission eign fields and even in home circles funds. Some of them complain of a in regard to salaries paid to mission- lack of Christian justice in the dis- aries and secretaries of some mission tribution of the funds available. They boards. Some clergymen in small par- claim that since all Christians of ishes, with salaries of $500 to $1,500 whatever race are brothers, they a year on which to care for large fam- should share either poverty or wealth mes, look critically on the salaries of with fellow servants of Christ. The from $10,000 to $15,000 a year paid trouble is accentuated in fields where to pastors of wealthy city churches, students have been sent to America even where they have no large family for study, have become accustomed to to support. Self-sacrificing givers to American standards of living and on mission funds sometimes question the return to their home lands have been payment of comparatively large sal- asked to accept service in a mission aries to secretaries and treasurers of with the salary of a native worker. boards supported by these gifts. One They are not ready to return to the mission board at home will pay two standard of living they accepted be- to three times the salary paid to a fore going abroad. This issue has similar officer in another board. become accute in the Peking Union From China and other mission fields Medical College-which is not truly similar questions are raised as to sal- a mission institution and where the aries. Chinese Christian workers, policy is to replace foreign doctors with large families and small incomes and teachers with Chinese. The col- ask why missionaries should receive lege has felt it necessary to offer salaries four to five times as large. high salaries in competition with uni- The problem is aggravated by the fact versities abroad. Naturally the dis- that Chinese currency has depreciated parity between such salaries and those 365

paid to both Chinese and foreigners these plans seem to be impractical for by mission hospitals is very great. If general adoption. If God calls a Chris- Chinese mission doctors, trained in tian, like D. L. Moody or George MUl- Peking or abroad, are paid large sal- ler, to live and work without a definite aries what shall be done about the and regular salary or promised insalaries of equally well trained pro- come then He will provide for his fessors in mission colleges and pas- needs. tors of mission churches? Many Chine.se are adopting the western slo- Noone can estimate what a Godgan "Equal pay for equal work"-at called mission secretary, missionary least in proportion to living expenses. or other Christian worker is worth. Value is not measured in dollars, or Obviously the raising of the sal- we might estimate what a man should aries of nationals in various fields to be willing to take in exchange for his equal or practically equal the mis.sion- soul. Some of the practical Christian aries' salaries from foreign funds principles are however involved in dewould be impossible from the funds termining the salary basis for Chrisavailable, and foreigners' salaries tian service. could not be reduced to the standard of native workers without endanger- 1. The income for living expenses, ing health and life itself. from whatever source or sources, should be based on actual needs-for Most missionaries have no inde- health, progress, effective service and pendent resources. Experience has family responsibilities. On this basis taught that they require enough in- salaries should be adjusted to circumcome to enable them to live so that stances; those with independent inhealth may be preserved in a foreign comes would accept proportionately environment; so that they may have less-a,s some do. occasional furloughs at home and periods of recuperation; so that their 2. No missionary worker-at home children may be properly educated and or abroad-living on mission funds is so that they may be relieved of many justified in luxurious spending-or responsibilities that interfere with living on a scale that hinders testitheir mission work. A foreigner can- mony or shows a lack of Christ-like not, as a rule, live as cheaply as a na- self-sacri5.ce in the interest of His tional and maintain efficiency. Kingdom. There is a great divergence in the scale of living among mission- Foreign and Native Workers aries, even in the same field, but we are convinced that most missionaries We return to the question-How live sacrificially. As at home, so much is a man worth? How much is abroad, some Christians do not know a missionary worth? How large a the meaning of the word sacrifice, essalary should be paid for Christian pecially in physical comforts. service? What should be the ratio of salaries paid to foreign and native 3. Christian testimony and efficient workers; and to whom should native spiritual service are of first impor- Christian workers look for their liv- tance. These come before the probing expenses? lems of saving expen.se in travel, in servants, in equipment or in rest pe- It might be ideal if every Christian riods. But spiritual efficiency and could follow the Apostle Paul's exam- fruitage in service are fortunately or ple and be self-supporting while carry- unfortunately not in proportion to the ing on their mission or if they could, money spent on salaries or equipment. like Christ Himself, live on the hos- These depend on the spiritual life and pitality and free will offerings of those power. who sympathize with His mi.ssion. Some Christian workers are able to 4. To bring the churches on the do this but in this complex age both of mission fields to independence or to dependence on God their eyes must

TOPICS OF THE TIMES

be turned away from America as their Much progress has been made almoner. The sooner these national through the first Round Table Con- workers can receive their support ference and the agreement between from their own people the better it Mr. Gandhi and Lord Irwin. Now the will be. This will not hinder their All-India National Congress has met securing help according to their need at Karachi and Mahatma Gandhi has from fellow Christians in any land. shown his strength by winning the In the days of famine or other troubles delegates over to acceptance of his it is a privilege for Christians to bear constitutional program. He calls not one anothers burdens. It is important, only for Indian political independence however, not to encourage a standard but for the control of the Indian army, of living above what is possible or the national finances, the management desirable for the majority in a given of foreign affair.s and demands com- locality and not to pauperize Chris- mercial and social equality with the tian workers by making them depend- British. He still stands for nonvio- ent on foreign contributions. It is lence and passive resistance. By vote not healthy for a man to feel inde- of the Congres.s, Mr. Gandhi demands pendent of God. a constitution containing the follow- In the early days of missionary ef- ing twenty-four articles: fort, the heroic Christlike self-denial 1. Freedom of association and combiand self-sacrifice of missionaries like Paton, Gih~our, Judson and Hudson nation. Taylor, had a great effect on the 2. Freedom of speech and press. 3. Freedom of conscience and free pro- Church at home and on the natives to whom they witnessed. The same prin- fession and practice of religion. ciple holds good today-for it follows 4. No disability to attach to any perthe example set by Christ Himself. son by reason of religion, caste or creed regarding public employment in office of power or in any trade or calling.

5. Equal rights and obligations of all citizens, with no civic bar on account of India's Demand for Freedom sex.

6. Equal rights of all citizens in use Liberty and independence are quite of public roads, public wells and public distinct. A boy may, like the Prodi- resorts. gal Son, demand and secure independ- 7. The right to keep and bear arms ence only to become a slave. The Philippines might gain independence in accordance with such regulations as of America only to enter a period of may be required for public safety. economic slavery, civil strife or to become the prey of pirates and bandits. 8. Religious neutrality on the part of The most complete liberty is often en- the state. joyed in conjunction with economic and political dependence. As a mat- 9. A living wage for industrial workter of fact, none of us are in reality ers, limited hours of labor, healthy conindependent. Human relations are ditions for work, and protection against too closely intertwined and all are de- economic consequences of old age, sickpendent on God and His laws. ness and unemployment.

In India many radicals desire com- 10. Labor to be freed from conditions plete political independence, even of serfdom. though this may involve "financial and economic ruin and social slavery for 11. Protection of women workers, with multitudes. True Indian statesmen adequate provisions for leave during madesire only such freedom from im- ternity periods. posed control as will give liberty and promote national and racial progress. 12. Prohibition against employment of This liberty Great Britain is ready children of school age in factories.

to grant. 13. Right of labor to form unions. 14. Substantial reduction of land rev- enue and rents. 15. Adult suffrage.

16. Free primary education.

17. Military expenditures cut in half. 18. Civil department expenditures and salaries to be substantially reduced, with no state servant to be paid over the In- dian equivalent of $200 monthly. 19. Protection of native cloth by ex- clusion of foreia-n cloth and foreign yarn.

20. Total prohibition of intoxicating Hindus; a way to uplift the masses drinks and drugs. of India's outcastes; the release of 21. No duty on salt. women from the purdah; laws to pro- 22. Regulation of the exchange ratio tect children; the abolition of obso as to help Indian industries. scenities from religious temples and 23. Control by the state of key indus- rites; greater protection against epitries and mineral resources. demic·s due to temple tanks and lack 24. Control of usury, direct or indirect. of sanitation; and full religious lib- The congress adopted additional res- erty, so far as it is in harmony with olutions deploring the recent communal justice, and morality and does not inriots in Cawnpore and other cities, urg- terfere with the welfare of individuals ing that the northwest frontier province or subvert the authority of the' State. have the same form of government as other provinces; condemning the "for- Encouragement in Cbina ward" policy of the British in the northwest territory; advocating intensifica- In spite of many difficulties the Chition of the picketing of stores sellin~ nese National Government is makforeign goods; appealing to the govern- ing progress. One of the most ments of South Africa and East Africa encouraging signs is the recent acto give Indian settlers in those countries knowledgment of the failures and the same measure of justice they wouI!1 sins of prominent government leaders. claim for their own nationals in -a "Free They are ready to "lose face" to save India," and urging the right of Burma the country. A cable message to the to claim separation from India or to re- New York Times reports: "The fourth main an autonomous partner without plenary session of the Central Execuinterference from the British Govern- tive Committee of the Kuomintang ment. . party reported astonishing public con- fessions of nepotism, corruption, tyr- The justice and advantage of most anny and other abuses, together with of these demands is readily admitted admonitions and orders that there so that they should enli.st the support must be a basic reform in the conduct of every lover of India. Some of the of the government and of the party articles do away with ca~te restric- organization. From General Chiang tions (articles 4, 5, 6 and 10). Others, Kai-shek down, the Nanking leaders if observed, will radically change the made speeches and issued manifestoes religious .situation, will stop persecu- denouncing the failure of the Kuomintion and give protection to these who tang, as an organization, to carry out wish to be baptized as Christians (ar- the principles upon which it was ticles 3, 4, and 8). There are provi- founded. Dire threats of punishment sions against intoxicants and drugs were made against those who in the and to provide for free primary edu- future betray public trusts. cation. Nothing is included, however, to prohibit child marriage and polyg- "General Chiang Kai-shek, at a meamy, or to promote social purity. It morial service for Dr. Sun Yat-sen, is thought that Great Britain will es- made the following admissions: pecially object to the reduction of the army, the curtailment of official sal- " 'The Manchus were overthrown bearies, and the giving to the State full cause they constituted a special caste. control of key industries. But it is a But now we who staged the revolution much easier matter to put provisions for the overthrow of the Manchus into the Constitution than to put them have ourselves come to be regarded into practice. People must be edu- by the people as a privileged caste. cated to enjoy liberty or it becomes They are now cherishing toward us unwholesome license. True personal the same hatred and repugnance with freedom does not interfere with the which they looked upon the Manchus. rights of others. " 'It is all of us party members who There is world-wide interest in In- are responsible for the virulence of dia's struggle for self-government but no lasting peace or true prosperity can come until a remedy is found for_ the antagonism between Moslems and

the Communist menace in this coun- Kai-shek, as acting Minister of Edu- try. The fact that the Communists are cation, is now approaching Chinese rife bears witness to the weakness of Christian leaders to discover their the Kuomintang. That the Kuomin- view of what religious liberty would tang members should have failed to involve in Education.

prevent the people from supporting communism in certain places consti- Home Mission Convictions tutes perhaps the most serious dis- I have just returned from a month's work in the western states deeply imgrace of the party.' . pressed with the importance and value of national missions. This experience "The manner in which the Nanking has deepened in me the following conleaders are facing their tremendous victions: First, the value and imperaproblems is arousing in China a con- tive necessity of national missions; siderable measure of admiration and second, the invaluable service national approval. Even Chinese and foreign missions is rendering today· to the naobservers who have been unsparing tion; third, the increasing demand for in their criticisms of the Nanking wise and efficient Christian leadership; Government now admit that there is fourth, the absolute necessity of evidence of a new sincedty of pur- hearty cooperation on the part of the pose among the leaders. churches and other allied organiza- tions, presbyteries and presbyterials, "The Kuomintang's unpopularity synods and synodicals, headqua :ters with the masses has arisen from facts staff and field staff. There is no subnow frankly admitted by the Nanking stitute for cooperation in promoting leaders-namely, that local city and national missions. provincial Kuomintang organizations have 'insolently usurped power' and The "ambassadors of Christ" are the interfe:ed with civil and even military pioneers of our national progress, the administration. creator-s of our national ideals, the builders of our national institutions, "The Central Executive Committee the inspiration of our national spirit, now proposes a rigid control over the and the incarnation of our national activities of the Kuomintang and faith. They, more than any other men warns the local party organization to in the nation, are converting the spirit confine their efforts and activities to of suspicion into the spirit of faith, educating the people and not to med- the spirit of greed into the spirit of dling with politics or government in the future.

"Reform proposals formally adopted at Nanking as a result of the Plenary giving, the spirit of hatred into the Session may be summarized as fol- spirit of love, the spirit of selfishness lows: into the spirit of sacrifice, the spirit "All branch Kuomintang offices are of America into the spirit of Christ.

to be explicitly instructed against any Wherever the representatives 'of the encroachment upon the rights of the Church go, the home is proteEted, the people. Administrative and judicial school is established, the church is authorities are enjoined against mak- promoted, the hospital is supported, ing arrests or appropriating property the community house is encouraged, except by due process of law. Officials the court is fostered, and the state is and Kuomintang membe.'s violating defended. Let us, then, go at the task these instructions will be punished not with a renewed determination to work only under the Criminal Code but a1so together, work to win, and to make by heavier punishments, especially whatever sacrL'ice is necessary to win prescribed." America for Christ.

It is stated that General Chiang JOHN McDOWELL. 4

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~l # ~ ttt' ~ ~ '"C" t ~ ;l.t- ?I I ~ . ~I ffi :fi !t ~ trJ.

~ PROTE CT YOUR F'OOD ~'ROM ~' LIES KILL INS~JC'l'S THAT SPREAD DIShJAShJ j8iJkmJ ~m ~~2.I~WDH …,.-, •I II NEVER WASH VEGETABLES IN A RATHE YOUR CHILD AT REGULAR TIMES DIWl'Y BROOK GOOD HEALTH POSTICRS FRO",,! KOREA Mrs. F. 1. Johnson, who has .been visit- These Health Posters are now also used ing the mission fields in Asia, has sent a in China and Japan. They illustrate how number of posters which the Korean disea se is carried by the fly and mosquito school children made under the direction and how this may be prevented. They of the Child Welfare Department of the illustrate lessons in the care of children Evangelistic Social Center of Seoul. and in personal hygiene.

370 EDITED BY MRS. F. I. JOHNSON, 150 FIFTH AVENUE, NEW YORK Usable methods for missionary which sets off the heavy rice diets of workers in Child Welfare and Child- these countries. It is also quite rich Health Centers all over the world, in in fat and mineral matter, and last, America as well as elsewhere. The but not least, it is much cheaper. A bean milk recipe referred to later wa,s bottle of cow's milk costs ten sen given in the June, 1930, issue of this whereas a bottle of Soy Bean Milk Department and the fact mentioned oosts two sen. that it was secured in China. Later, Miss Rosenberger of the Social Evan- It has been used very largely in gelistic Center in Seoul, Korea, our work at the Social Evangelistic adopted it. ,From Persia and other Center, Seoul, Korea, as a supplemenfields letters are coming asking for tary feeding, and also as an entire spedfic information concerning its food. For the latter it must be modiuse. To know that little starving fied, and this modification will be given "tummies" are being filled and little with the recipe at the end of this feedbodies are being relieved of suffering ing method. We have even fed one because of this simple method of world case of marasmus on the Soy Bean communication, gives joy to this De- Milk. partment. The picture of before and after us- THE SOY BEAN MILK AS A FOOD ing it will illustrate the success. This baby was brought from an extremely By E. T. ROSENBERGER, R.N. poor home where there were five chil- dren-the father totally blind, the Child Welfare Dept., Social Evangelistic mother half blind. It was a case of Center, Seoul, Korea giving the baby the Bean Milk or let- Having received letters from dif- ting it starve, so we immediately comferent countries regarding Soy Bean menced feeding it and watching it Milk I am giving in these columns a very closely. It gained a pound the full explanation of the p·eparation, first month and the second month likeuses and benefits of it. wise. Then for a time during the winter there was a standstill, but the In the first place it is a fact that pictures will show the results of this the diets of Oriental countries are not attempt after one year's Bean Milk suited to the proper nutrition of young children because of the lack of milk feeding. in them. Milk has been found to be The Soy Bean as an important food the foundation of all foods f.or growing children in all countries. How- dates back to remote history. It is ever, cow's milk is not available in all said that it appears in the Chinese of these countries, and it behooves us Materia Medica of Shen Nung in the to find a substitute. This substitute year 2838 B. C. China to this day has been found in the Soy Bean Milk uses very little dairy or meat products, which has been perfected by Dr. Er- but they have lived for centuries on nest Tso of the Peking Union Medical a diet remarkably well balanced by College. It takes its place so highly the use of the Soy Bean. It is said because it is so very rich in protein that Buddhist monks consecrated at birth to the priesthood are carried 371

through the entire period of childhood add 20 grams of starch either from on the diet of the Soy Bean curd. rice or corn. This is cooked in the same way as you would prepare corn- We feel that it is one food which starch pudding. Also add 60 grams we should encourage to be used for of sugar and 1% grams of calcium small children in Korea where the lactate and one gram of table salt to mortality rate is high and the chil- this mixture. The calcium lactate is dren have such an inadequate diet. It BEFORE FEEDING SAME BABY A FEW MO~THS LATER TIlE EFFECT OF FEEDING A KOUV,AN BABY f;OY BEA:, )fILK is one food that we can safely advo- best added while the milk is cold or cate, make and use because the price else after the mixture is boiled or it is not prohibitive. might curdle. It should be first mixed with a little cold milk and then added. Soy Bean Milk About the same quantity of this 1. One part beans well washed mixture as cow's milk is use::! to feed the babies-according to their caloric 2. Eight parts of pure tap water requirements. No child should have more than 1000 or 1100 c. c. a day of 3. Soak over night this milk. In a little baby it may pro- duce frequent stools, which should be 4. Grind through native mill well watched under a doctor's care. Cod liver oil should be part of the 5. Boil whole quantity five minutes. feeding from the beginning of the use of Soy Bean Milk-at first 6 to 8 6. Put through sieve-the result is c. c. per day and gradually increased milk . to 15-20 a day.

Beans should be half milled and skins removed, if possible.

Additional rwte: To each liter of Soy Bean Milk (1000 c. c. or 32 oz.)

METHODS FOR WORKERS

(We have rece.ived at least seventy- first few times she had grown calfive requests to publish the following loused. That, and the stupor that effe.ctive China pwylet.) came from exhaustion and starvation, dulled the quiver and the hurt of be- "NOBODY WANTS" CHANGES HER ing "Nobody Wants."

NAME PART 2 By MARY BREWSTER HOLLISTER She shivered, drew her ragged gun- ny sacking coat around her and re- PART 1 marked to brother, "The winds of the Southland must have come from our A family of Chinese famine refu- own North Country." gees from the far, frozen, starving North Country struggled around the "And who but you would be bringcorner into Stone Arches Street that ing them, the one Nobody Wants, inled past the Loving Heart School. deed!" he answered scornfully. Their torn padded garments were patched with gunny sacking, their feet But some one was passing by just bled through the straw sandals tied then and the little girl knew it beon with rags. The father and mother, hooved her to bring some coppers into gaunt and worn, each carried a staff the family exchequer or she would and a begging bowl which they held have to be moving along again. out to passers-by on the cobbled street. With a grace the rest of the children "Nobody Wants" was a bit thinner somehow could not achieve, she began and more ragged than the rest of them her little begging dance, running bebecause she didn't belong to them at side the passer-by with sliding side all. She had been following them for steps, one, two, three, and a kneeling a few days as she had followed one curtsy, with her hands held together after another' group of just such wan- in petition, repeating this dance movederers as these, in the long wearisome ment to the accompaniment of her trek from the North Country where little pleading chant: famine had stalked them, and the bitter winter had hounded them to the Some coppers, please, Southland where winter was not so Rich scholar of ease! unkind, and where the rice fields did Your blessings will grow, not fail to feed the fortunate South- Your merit increase, ern Chinese folk. Thus happiness sow, Some coppers, please. Her own father and mother and laughing baby brother the cruel fam- Brother pounced upon the coppers ine had taken those months ago that that the passing gentleman threw her, seemed so many years. When father but "Nobody Wants" scarcely noticed at last had not answered her call, she it. For suddenly, she heard from fled in terror from the tiny house that within the big black door opposite her had once been so happy, but was now the sounds of children's laughter. so still and cold and haunted. Stum- She stopped while the rest of them bling along a frozen road she had wandered on down the street. Quietly joined her first band of refugees she crept to the gate, and cautiously southward. pushed it open a crack so that she could see inside. Of course they had not wanted her. You could not blame them. They al- Children, within a grassy yard, such ready had too many mouths to feed, happy children! and all of them were hungry. So before long she had joined another "Ai! They are playing 'Cat catch group of wanderers, carrying with the mouse.''' she explained, old memher from one band to another, the ories stirring. only name she had heard these many months, "Nobody Wants." After the They were laughing like she and baby brother used to laugh. She dropped down on the stone step to watch them better.

A child put her head outside the her and sat down beside her on the gate, and cried in surprise, "Why, step. look who's here 1" "But where are your big people?" "Nobody Wants" instinctively asked another child. dragged her tired little body from those comfortble steps and began her "Nobody Wants" shook her head little dance and song. and her eyes filled with tears. "The great hunger took them. And so all Some coppers, please, the other 'big people' I follow call me Rich lady of ease- 'Nobody Wants.'''

"I'm not a rich lady," laughed the "Ai, ai," all the children crooned in girl gaily, "but, oh, how pretty you the sympathetic Chinese way, and do it! Love Pearl, Bright Flower, gathered close around her. "We're so Virtue Gold, and all the rest," she Borry." raised her voice delightedly, "come, come quickly!" "It must be that she is hungry, since she has no 'big people:" Love "Nobody Wants" kept on with her Pearl cried, "How could we not think fetching wee dance and tuneless little of it?" song, as the other children gathered and opened wide the gate to watch "She can have a bowl of my rice," her! said one.

"Ai, ai!" they clapped their hands. "And one of my bowls," echoed an- "How pretty!" other.

"It's prettier even than any our "Mine too," cried another and an- Kindergarten Sister-Teacher teaches other. the tiny ones," said one. "If she has no 'big people' she has "Teach us how," Love Pearl cried, no place to go," Bright Flower said. all enthusiasm. "Oh, stay with us," several of them "Yes, yes, do, please, little sister," chorused. "Our school is such a happy they all echoed and gathered around place." "Nobody Wants" patting her and welcoming her. "See," they pointed to the words over the gate. "Its name is the School Their affectionate welcome had of the Loving Heart. It is a Jesus made her f.orget to be shy. She began school you know," as if that explained to do her steps very slowly so that it all. they might see how she did it, chanting her little song the while. They "She can share my bed and my all tried to imitate her, with more or downy comfort," said one very pracless Buccess, laughing over their awk- tically. ward attempts, until finally they did it quite well and in unison with their "No, no, I want her to sleep with little chant. me," said Love Pearl.

Very suddenly "Nobody Wants" sat "No, not every night. She must down and the children noticed that take turns," cried another girl. she was faint. They gathered about her solicitously. "You come from the "See, little sister," Virtue Gold North Country, don't you?" they aBked turned her face about withgenUe her as she rested. "We know from hands. You aren't "Nobody Wants" your speech." any more. You are "Everybody Wants." '''Nobody Wants," nodded her head. "Yes, everybody wants 'Everybody "What's your name?" asked one of Wants,''' the rest of the children them. danced about her, saying the words delightedly. "Nobody Wants," said the little refugee. "But your 'big people' may not want me," the old te "ror coming back Virtue Gold put her arm around to the little refugee.

"Oh, but you do not know how lov- ing they are, the other country teach-

er, and our Big Sister Teacher!" Love Persons required, 2 tall 'teen age boys, 3 'teen age girls, 1 junior boy Pearl assured her. (Dr 2) at least 6 junior girls. "They will love you and teach and Famine Re/ugee.s-Father, mother, care for you just as they do for us,"

said Bright Flower. "You see they at least two children, a boy and small have the Jesus-love in their hearts." girl with a large doll strapped to "Yes, and didn't they tell us about mother's back. "Nobody Wants," a the famine? We've been saving our girl of about 10. This group dress in coppers to send to the North Country, ragged gunny sacking, much patched for oh, such a long time!" coats, worn over overalls tied about "And now the N·orth Country and at ankles with rags.

the famine come to us," the rest of Passer-by in the long coat of a Chi- them finished for Virtue Gold. "Please nese scholar, a young Chinese student, stay with us, Everybody Wants." in khaki or regular Western suit.

"Yes, everybody wants you." They SchooL chiLd7'en in light colored made a little song of it. coats, worn over trousers. Here over- alls will serve but left free at the Then they all noticed suddenly the ankle. Young American and the young Chinese women teachers standing arm in American missionU7CY teacher in orarm in the doorway where they had dinary clothes. been listening to the conversation and nodding to 'each other, smilingly as Chinese teacher in a dark skirt, and light colored Chinese jacket.

they listened. . Setting-A double door between Love Pearl jumped to her feet, and two rooms could be used to represent giving a signal to the other children, the school gate that opens upon the they joined her in the little dance they street, with high compound walls on had just learned, singing as they each side. The doors should open in, danced. with at least one step constructed per- Everybody want her, haps from a long low box. If actual Dear teachers, please. doors are not possible in the center back of the stage, then screens may Your blessings will groW, be placed to represent compound wall, Your merit increase. with a double door made of hinged screens for the gate before which the Thus happiness sow, action takes place. Everybody wants her! A simpler form of the pantomime "Yes, indeed r Everybody wants could dispense with all of the refugees except brother and "Nobody Wants" her," the other country teacher and with Part 1 read as a prologue, the the Chinese sister teacher said to- action beginning with Part 2. gether. 3. As a play, with children taking They stooped down and helped the part in the dialog as well as the action. little refugee to her feet, and the Here, too, Part 1 might be read as a children gathered about her, affection- prologue with children taking the diately leading her inside the gate. As alog and action in Part 2. Or proit closed after them, they were sing- logue and reader may be dispensed ing, with entirely, and the children work out their own dramatization after they She changed her name, have mastered the story, which is the Everybody wants her approved pedogogic method. The very Everybody wants her! simple dance and tunele·ss little song This story may be presented in three ways, 1. As a story told simply, but dramatically. Time required 10 minutes.

2. As a pantomime, with the story which can be a pretty feature should told or read by a reader, while the be mastered but should not take long action is enacted as described. to learn.

WOMAN'S HOME AND FOREIGN

EDITED BY FLORENCE E. QUINLAN, 105 East 22nd Street, New York Council of Women for Home Missions FLORENCE G. TYLER, 419 Fourth Avenue, New York Federation of Woman's Boards of Foreign Missions of North America BOOKS FOR THE EMERGING EAST in Gujerati, Marathi, Hindi, Tamil and Urdu. Each copy was eagerly By HELEN BARRETT MONTGOMERY passed around to reach a large group of happy children. Within the last The Christian Literature Society year a new expansion has taken place in its circulation. An Indian pub- The Christian Literature Committee lisher has been found who is willing of the Federation of Woman's Boards to take over the publishing and disof Foreign Missions came into being tribution of various editions if the in response to a great need about fif- Committee will simply pay for the teen years ago. The Foreign Mission cost of translation. We now have ar- Boards were faced by the need of rap- ranged for a Telugu and a Burmese idly growing Christian Literature edition and are in process of arrangcommunities 'throughout m iss ion ing for one in Bengali. lands for books, good books, adapted to different ages. We had taught boys Romance of Finance and girls to read but after they had learned the art they had nothing to Through a Memorial Gift of $500 read. As a result, not infrequently given by the delegates at Northfield they lapsed back into illiteracy. it was made possible to begin a maga- zine for children in Burmese; a When the demand for Christian widow gave enough to establish as a books adapted to the use of women Memorial to her husband and daughand children became vocal, the Wom- ter an edition in Gujerati; a misan's Foreign Mission Boards moved sionary society in memory of two dethrough their Federation to supply voted member·s, mother and daughter, the need. The first Chairman of the furnished the money for the first year newly organized Committee was Miss of the Telugu edition; a devoted Epis- Alice M. Kyle of Boston, a woman of copal woman, in memory of her mothvision and faith who continued to di- er, provided for a translation of the rect the affairs of the Committee un- Tamil edition in the country of Bishop til her death in 1930 and who. ·saw the Azariah; a local Federation provided funds for this work increase from for the furnishing of a Christmas proabout $400 to $10,000 annually. gram for all the Sunday Schools in China. Children's Periodicals A Christian Magazine for Africa The Committee decided to publish monthly magazines for children and the home. Happy Childhood, a chil- Soon after the Jerusalem Conferdyen's magazine was the first to be ence an International Committee was published in China. There followed organized to study the situation of a magazine in Japan-Shoshoki. Then Africa in regard to the supply of The Treasure Chest was established to Christian books. As a result the Exbe published in English for India. AI- ecutive Secretary, Miss Margaret most as .goon as it was published the Wrong, came over from England in demand arOse for its publication in the intere·st of the Committee. She the various languages of India. was able to persuade that great mis- Quickly it was expanded to be issued sionary and wonderful writer, Jean 376 Mackenzie, to undertake to edit what was expected at first to be a bi-lingual magazine, half of each page in Eng- lish and half in French, but it was later found that the French wanted the magazine in their own language in the French and Belgian colonies and in West Africa, so Miss Mackenzie will edit the magazine in English for circulation in British East Africa and other British African colonies. The financing of the French magazine and its publication will be arranged for in Paris. "HAPPY CHILDHOOD" COMES TO The Committee on Christian Litera- THE MISSION ture was asked by this International of devout women were abundantly Committee if it would stand behind worthy of our support. The Comtheir venture. The Committee decided mittee took action, and the needed to venture out in faith on this new support is to be sent on. enterprise, and pledged itself to give $1000 toward it during the first year. The case of the Antorcha Missionera in Mexico was likewise investigated.

A Providential Preparation It was found that by incredible cour- age and enterprise the Evangelical The hand of God was so clearly group had brought their magazine for seen in thus providing funds for the the Christian home almost to the point Committee to make this new venture of self support, and that a little help of faith. It has been not less clear in would put it on its feet. This money other forward steps. A year ago last was sent-and so the story goes. July there came a request from the Everywhere there are opening doors, Christian Literature Committee of everywhere clamant needs. Korea for help in establishing a magazine for children which should do for Book Translation the children of Korea what Happy In various fields the way has opened Childhood was doing for the children to p~ovide, often by special gifts, for of China. The resources of the Com- the translation and publication of mis- mittee did not justify our attempting sionary books. The Young Adven- this unless fresh sources of income turers was translated into Chinese as were found. This was explained at a Memorial to Mrs. Cronk, the author.

Northfield, and at once a lady gave The translation of A Straight Way $500, another $300, another $100 and Towa1'd Tomor1"Ow was financed by the the remainder of the $1000 needed to Central Committee for the United underwrite the magazine for three Study of Foreign Missions. A transla- years was raised. The magazine, en- tion into Chinese of From Jerusalem to titled The Child World, began publi- J enlsalem was made possible by the cation in July, 1930. personal gift of the young lady who In Buenos Aire·s. Argentina, a little for more than twenty years has man- group called the Women's Evangelical aged the office of the Central Commit- League was formed, which among tee. Another gift made possible a other things published a Christian Japanese translation. The Adventure magazine for the home. The earnest of Prayer has gone into Chinese and enthusiastic little paper, glowing with Burmese. One Girl's Influence by .Rob- spiritual power, needed a small sub- ert E. Speer, after going through num- sidy to widen its sphere of usefulness berless editions in English, has been about $300. After consultation with translated into Japanese, and has al- Dr. Inman we found that this group ready gone through nine editions.

Plans for Expansion THE OHUROH ON THE MARCH With all these opportunities for ex- Florida Chain of Missionary pansion facing the Committee it was Assemblies decided that more money must be had. A campaign was arranged that shaull By MRS. HENRY W. PEABODY plan for parlor meetings and lunch- "Ye shall be my witnesses." In ac- eons in as many centers as possible in cordance with this, a group of fourteen order to bring before the public needs witnesses, missionaries from the ends for Christian lite "ature. The National of the earth, and Christian leaders, Christian Literature Committees in started on a three-week campaign in the different mission lands were ap- Florida, beginning January 16th in pealed to for the names of books, na- West Palm Beach, proceeding to Mi- tive or translated, which were geatly ami, Tampa, St. Petersburg, Clearwa- needed by their countries. These lists ter, Orlando and DeLand, with various have already been received. They are one-day stops in important centers.

appealing, overwhelming. They range The entire expense was met by $1.00 all the way from books on the nursing registrations in each center and vol- and care of children through books untary offerings. There were approx- about the cooperative farm movement imately four thousand registered, and in Denmark, translations of The at least one hundred thousand were Greatest Thin.g in the World, The Life reached by approximately nine hun- of Booker T. Washington, The Story dred missionary addresses. In addi- of Invention, The Teaching of Primary tion, there were radio addresses in Arithmetic, An Introduction to the larger centers, and talks before col- Bible, Life of Christ for Children, leges and public schools, with thoupackets of colored Bible pictu "es, pro- sands of students.

grams for Easter and Chri-stmas, Pil- Among the speakers were: the Rev.

grim's Progress, village booklets and Robert H. Glover, M.D., F.R.C.S., head all sorts of brief tracts. The most am- of the China Inland Mission; Dr.

bitious request comes from Mexico for Royal J. Dye, of the Christian Board, The Prodigal Son in large cisar type from one thousand miles up the Con- for children, using the pictures of an go, at Bolenge; Rev. Harper Brady, Egyptian edition. They can print ten Presbyterian Board South, and of the thousand of these in a first edition Kingdom of God Movement with Kag- for $1000, also a book of stories from awa, of Japan; Mrs. Induk Kim, of the Bible with colored pictu'-es which Korea, and Miss Abellera, of the Phil- will cost $2000. ippine Islands, exemplified in their The prices of these various projects own personalities the power of Christ run all the way down from $2000 to in the Oriental woman; Rev. McCoy $500, $300 and $100, also to leaflets Franklin, of Crossnore School in the that can be printed for $10, $25, or mountains of North Carolina, also $50. brought bird songs which he whistled The Committee plans to have a list to the delight of the young and old; of these special gifts printed for use Helen Barrett Montgomery conducted at the luncheons, where sample copies the study on the women's textbook f()r of the various magazines, books and the coming year, "Christ Comes to the leaflets will be displayed. Village"; Dr. Walter Lingle, Presi- It is hoped that in addition to adopt- dent of Davidson College, North Car- ing these various personal project:;: olina, and Dr. Glover gave the morning many will sign the cards making them- Bible lessons.

selves annual, special, sustaining, or In addition to the hour for the chil- life members of the Committee fer dren in the assembly, Mrs. Henry W.

providing Christian Literature to Peabody conducted a forum in each Women and Children in Mission center, on "The United States Senate: Lands. Diagnosis and Remedy," showing the

WOMAN'S HOME AND FOREIGN BULLETIN

reasons for lack of enforcement. An- ship listen, and begin in every state other interesting forum discussion was and city a new pragram,-not af lis- led by Miss Ann McIlvaine, of New tening, but of witnessing?

York, assisted by Dr. Rosalie Morton and the Rev. Mr. Joroszewicz, of Po- INSTITUTES AT CHAUTAUQUA land and Russia. The World Court Home Missions, August 16-21 received attention, and twenty thousand names were signed to petitions The Home Missions Institute at to be sent to various senators, urging Chautauqua is this year. coming af its adoption. The World Court and age. It shauld be the best so far. Law Enforcement are not only prab- The twenty-first session will be held lems at home, but, with the "shocking from Sunday, August 16th thraugh moving pictures exported from this Friday, August 21st. Arrangements country, make a problem for foreign for the pragram are rapidly nea '"ing mIssIOnaries. Resalutians endo'sing completion.

President Hoover for his layal and The opening address an Sunday firm stand on the Eighteenth Amend- afternoon will be made in the Amphi- ment and its enfarcement were sent theater by Rev. John M. Moore, D.D., from every center. a former General Secretary af the The public press gave first-page Federal Council of Churches and au- news and pictures. Local committees, thor of this year's major home mis- of outstanding representatives of sion textbaok. He will remain through wamen's organizations, made each the week to conduct the 3: 45 forum center a delightful experience. The hour in the Hall of Philosophy. Amonj!

morning prayer hour, with faculty and the well-known speakers who will ap- city committees, added to the power pear at this hour are Rev. Charles of these meetings. Farty-five states Stelzle and Dean Lucy Slowe of Ho- were represented, furnishing a crass- ward University.

sectian of America. Chambers of Com- Mrs. Dan B. Brummitt will again merce and Men's Clubs, with organiza- lead the home missian study hour in tions of women, welcomed the speakers Smith-Wilkes Hall at 8: 45, using Dr.

at their luncheons, and business men Moore's book, "The Challenge of have testi5.ed that this has been ·a Change." The class in juniar meth- great ble·ssing to Florida. The larg- ods, again in charge of Mrs. Ethel est auditoriums have been taxed with Holmes Munsey, will meet the second great audiences of men and women; period in the Hall of Missions.

the outdoor forum in St. Petersburg, The literature display, which last with three or fuur thousand on the year evoked expres·sions af warm ap- park benches, listened eagerly. At preciation, will be assembled by Miss the dramatizatiun in St. Petersburg Sarah E. Bitner.

.of the hearing before the Congres- The hour immediately following sional Judiciary, of the Woman's lunch proved last year to be quite sur- National Committee for Law Enforce- prisingly popular and well attended.

ment, the auditorium was filled to. ca-' It will be devoted this year to in- pacity, and as many turned away. formal discussion of some of the vital Business men declared that this dram- topics of the present day and to ad- atization should be given in every city dresses by missionaries. Special fea- and town for its educational value. tures of the week include daily chape1 When the church begins to witness, talks, denominational rallies, the re- as Christ commanded, instead of sit- ception at the Hotel AthemEum and ting in pews and listening critically other opportunities to meet with the to sermons, we shall see the great re- missionaries visiting on the grounds.

vival, which will be missionary. Other Circulars announcing the Institute states are asking for a chain af as- may be secured from the office of the semblies. Will not our church leader- Council of Women for Home Missions,

105 East 22d Street, New York City. There will be classes in methods and story telling, with exceptional oppor- These may be used in letters or f.or tunities for preparation for the work of the coming year. distribution in churches to stimulate FLORENCE G. TYLER. interest and invite attendance. The CONFERENCES AND SCHOOLS OF most effective publicity, however, con- MISSIONS sists in the personal commendation Afflliated with Federlltion of Woman'. Boards of .Foreign Missions and Council of Women and invitation of those who have at- for Home Missions.

tended the institute in other years All without symbol are afflliated with both Federation and Council. and who realize the exceptional op- 'Baltimore, Maryland-October 13-15. portunity it affords for the training Mrs. Arthur C. Day, 542 Radnor Ave., Govans, Baltimore, Maryland. of leaders in the local church. It can- Bethesda, Ohio-July 13-17. not be too emphatically stated that Miss Mary 1. Scott, 310 Tomlinson Ave., Moundsville, West Virginia. churches within a reasonable traveling 1 Beaumont, Texas-August 12-20. distance should carry in their budgets Mrs. W. A. Nichols, 2240 McFaddin, Beaumont, Texas. an item providing for one or more Boulder, Colorado-June 16-24. member·s this week of leadership train- Mrs. J. Roy Smith, 1045 South Uni- versity Blvd., Denver, Colorado. ing. Class work is relieved by ample • Chautauqua, New York (Home)-Aurecreational facilities for swimming, gust 16-21.

boating, fishing, tennis, golf and auto- Mrs. Orrin R. Judd, 234 Washington Ave., Brooklyn, New York. ing. The best artists in the country 1 Chautauqua, New York (Foreign)- appear at the amphitheater concerts August 23-28.

in the evening. Honorary Chairman, Mrs. W. A. Montgomery, 144 Dartmouth St., Above all, the atmosphere of Chau- Rochester, New York. Acting Chairman, Mrs. F. I. Johnson, tauqua is av.owedly Christian. The 150 Fifth Ave., New York, N; Y.

fellowship is inspiring, and from a Dallas, Texas- Mrs. George A. Brewer, 4301 Edbrief stay may result lasting friend- mondson, Dallas, Texas.

ships. MRS. ORRIN R. JUDD. 'Dallas, Texas (Negro)-September 28- October 2. Foreign Missions, August 23-28 Mrs. C. R. Boswell, 1719 Allen St., In planning for the Foreign Mis- Dallas, Texas. sions Institute at Chautaqua this coming summer several outstanding speak- De Land, Florida-February 3-6, 1932. ers have already been secured. Dr. Mrs. William J. Harkness, 415 East Oscar Buck of Drew Seminary, Madi- New York Ave., De Land, Florida. son, New Jersey, who is at present taking part in one of the mission sur- Houston, Texas-October 12-16. veys in India will deliver a series of Mrs. W. E. Ferguson, 1519 Hawlectures on India, giving special em- thorne, Houston, Texas. phasis to rural reconstruction and the work of the Rural Reconstruction 1 Kerrville, Texas- Units. Mrs. Helen Barrett Montgom- Mrs. W. A. Nichols, 2240 McFaddin ery, Honorary Chairman of the Insti- Ave., Beaumont, Texas. tute, will lecture on the- woman's textbook, Christ Comes to the Village, Lake Geneva, Wisconsin–June 29-July by Mary Schauffler Platt, and Mrs. F. 6. I. Johnson, who is at the present time touring the mission stations of the Mrs. J. A. Leas, 3731 Clifton Ave., Orient, will be the presiding officer, Chicago, Ill. and will bring to the institute a varied program with dramatic presentations, and a number of speeches by nationals of different Oriental countries. Missionary women will find it a great advantage to spend the week of August 23d at Chautauqua.

Minnesota (Minneapolis, St. Paul)- Seabeck, Washington-July 20-31. June 1-5. Rev. Fred Grey, Sixth and University Streets, Seattle, Washington, or Miss Mrs. W. C. A. Wallar, 304Q Dupont Faye A. Steinmetz, 310 Y. M. C. A. Ave., S., Minneapolis, Minn. Building, Portland, Oregon.

Mountain Lake Park, Maryland–Au- Silver Bay, New York–June 26-July 6. gust 1-6. Rev. Walter Getty, 150 Fifth Ave., New York, N. Y. Mrs. B. H. Sincell, 103 2d St., Oak- land, Maryland.

Mount He1'mon, Cali/ornia–July 4-11. All include home and foreign missions except Mrs. W. E. Crouser, 1128 Lincoln Northfield, Chautauqua and the Florida Schools. Ave., San Jose, California. 1 Affiliated with the Federation only. New Orleans, Louisiana-Some time in • Affiliated with the Council only. Autumn. • Conducted by the Council.

Mrs. L. D. Chaffee, 1920 Audubon RAOIAL MINORITY SOHOLARSHIP St., New Orleans, Louisiana. Mount Holyoke College is offering 'Northfield, Massachusetts (Home–July a Racial Minority Competitive Schol- 6-13. arship of one thousand dollars ($1,- 000) for the year 1931-1932, to a Mrs. Frelon Eugene Bolster, Ham- Negro girl, preferably a student ap- mondsport, New York. plying for admission to the Junior Class. Award will be made on the 'Northfield, Massachusetts (Foreign)- basis of scholarship and personality. July 13-21. . Letter of application should be Mrs. James M. Pratt, 135 East 74th handwritten, and should contain state- St., New York, N. Y. ments in regard to age, educational experience, and special interest. Ap- Oklahoma City, Oklahoma- plications for this scholarship should be made by May 1, 1931 to Miss Har- St. Petersburg, Florida-February 1-6, riet Newhall, Executive Secretary to 1932. the Board of Admission, Mount Holy- oke College, South Hadley, Mass. Miss B. Louise Woodford, 930 23d Ave., St. Petersburg, Florida.

Southern California (Los Angeles)- September 21-25.

Mrs. W. S. Dysinger, 1419 6th Ave., Los Angeles, California.

1 Warren, Ohio-September 22-23. FOR TRIPPERS Mrs. George Konold, 314 Scott St., N. E., Warren, Ohio. Trips around the world are being planned by travel bureaus which have Wilson College, Chanwersburg, Penn- as their special interest Wo"ld Friend- sylvania–June 29-July 7. ship. There are trips to Europe which Miss Martha C. Hartman, 233 S. 44th include the unusual privilege of meet- St., West Philadelphia, Pa. ing church women there who hold important positions of leadership. Winona Lake, Indiana–June 24-July 1. There are trips to the Orient, to Mrs. Frank Jensen, 1114 West 81st Africa, and to South America which St., Chicago, Illinois. include visits to many interesting mis- sion stations and points of interest The Florida Chain of Institutes, be- not seen by the average tourist. If sides St. Petersburg and Deland, includes you would be interested in taking a Miami, Tampa, Orlando and Clearwater. trip and finding out first-hand what Mrs. Henry W. Peabody is chairman; the church is doing in industrial, Miss B. Louise Woodford, state chair- international and interracial improveman. All will probably be held between ment, or in making a trip abroad count January 15th and February 8th. for WorId Friendship and Under- standing, write to the Federation of Missionary Education Movcmcnt Woman's Boards of Foreign Missions for further information on this sub- Asilomar, Cali/ornia–July 6-15. ject. Mrs. Clara L. Walberg, 1501 St. Al- bans Road, San Marino, California.

Blue Ridge, North Carolina–July 29- August 7.

Dr. W. Knighton Bloom, 933 Wood- ward Building, Washington, D. C.

ORLD.WlDE

ISLANDS OF THE PACIFIC visitor to Honolulu often must, through the throngs of clean, pretty, Strange Cults ot the South Seas bright-faced oriental children on their way to or from school, any prejudice CURIOUS beliefs and cults still ex- he may have is disarmed. ist in the South Sea Islands. A man who had killed his eighth victim Nevertheless, they have brought by an intricate process of magic was their religions with them. Shintoism discovered by the people in a village is there, and Buddhism. The task of not long ago, says the Southern CT088 the Hawaiian Board of Missions grows Lo.q· of the Melanesian Mission with this influx of non-Christians from (Church of England). The mission- the Orient. aries testify that in some cases lin inexplicable evil power is exerted and Union High School ot Manila the victims die from no observable cause. Before the missionaries came, A YOUNG missionary made the the people would have killed the ma- statement that during his four gician when they discovered him. In years' acquaintance with the Union this case, they bound him and sent High School he had come to believe him aboard a labor recruiting ship that no greater opportunity of helpthat came along, with instructions ing students to form Christian charnever to let him return to that island. acter and right attitudes toward life presented itself than is to be found in Dr. C. E. Fox, principal of a Melane- the life of the Union High School. sian Mis,sion school at Ugi, has found survivals of an ancient cult of shark Union High School was started in worship on some of these islands. 1919 in connection with the Union Among other customs, the people bury Theological Seminary-a natural detheir dead in the sea, weighting the velopment resulting from the demand feet with stones. The sharks are be- for higher education in every profeslieved not to touch them. sion. There has been a steady growth from fifty students in the first year The fear of vengeful ghosts, evil to over 450 at present. To meet the spirits, and other powers of evil, is a demands of splendid young men and very active influence among these peo- women who are working during the ple who await the power of Christ to daytime, a night school was opened set them free. in 1923 and has at present 150 stu- dents. The Melanesian Mission has a printing press, operated by an Englishman The school seeks to produce men with native helpers. In the course of and women of character, and to this a year they turn out hundreds of little end it has introduced course,s in the Prayer Books, hymn books, and other Bible into the regular curriculum. In religious material, in three or four addition there is a chapel service three tribal languages. times a week.

The Lovely Hawaiian Islands As its name implies, the Union High School is a union enterprise having H AWAII teems with the life of all as its cooperating missions the Pres- . the races except the African. No- byterians, the United Brethren, and where else is there so little of race the Disciples. The student body is prejudice. When one wades, as the very cosmopolitan. Statistics of a 382 year ago reveal that there were in at- for the summary volume of the 1926 tendance 172 Catholics, 92 Presby- Census of Religious Bodies, shows terians, 38 Methodists, 23 Christians that at least 62 of every hundred adult or Disciples, 14 Aglipayans, with a church members belong to a Protes- sprinkling of adherents from other tant church, while 30 are Roman Cath- Protestant churches, while 60 reported olics, and six are Jews. Women pre- no affiliations at all. The school is dominate in church membership; 48 very cosmopolitan in another way for per cent of the males of the country its students are drawn from nearly over 13 years of age, and 63 per cent all the provinces of the Philippines.- of the females being members.

Donald Dean Parker, in The Philip- There is no state in which either pine Presbyterian. Jews or Roman Catholics constitute a Changing Formosa majority, but there are nine southern states in which the Protestants make ABOUT ~ixty years ago Formosa's up more than half the population. In fi 'st four converts were baptized Utah more than 82 per cent of the and one of the four, Ko Tiong, be- people are members of the Mormon came a pioneer preacher. He married Church. a Christian aboriginal; two sons became Christian doctors, one a devoted Sunday-school enrollments have not minister. A nephew, born in China, been increasing as much as formerly. In 1906 the pupils in Sunday-schools and bearing' an appropriate name, were equivalent to 40 per cent of the Kimseng-meaning "Golden Voice," youth population under 19 years of is now a brilliant church leader. He, age. By 1916 this per cent had too, married a Christian aboriginal. reached 48, but is now 44 per cent.

Of their sons one has recently com- The Roman Catholic Church has de- pleted his medical· studies in Japan, clined in the number of Sunday-school and has settled in Tainan City, For- scholars, but there has been a large mosa. increase in enrollment in parochial The church in Formosa is still schools.

small, but its growth is marvelous. Within recent years there has been Twenty years ago all the men of influ- a tendency for Protestant bodies to ence and wealth were heathen. Today combine. Between 1916 and 1926 no the leading men, the men of letters fewer than 18 denominatIons were in- and of means, are Christians.-Pres- volved in mergers.

byterian Messenger. The Church and the Liquor TraJlic NORTH AMERICA rJ'HE Presbyterian Church has gone Facts About American Churches 1. officially on record with a declara- OUT of every hundred persons over tion that the saloon must never come 13 years of age, in the United back; that the United States Govern- States (according to the Census Bu- ment must not go into the liquor busi- reau), there are today 55 church ness; that the liquor traffic has al- members, (of all sects-Christian and ways been lawless and corrupt; that non-Christian) as there were ten and the liquor situation before prohibition twenty years ago. Only 52 per cent was intolerable; that the prohibition of the rural population belongs to law still has the support of the ma- church as compared with 58 per cent jority of the voters of the United of those in cities. Forty per cent of States; that the church supports the the Protestant ministe"s are not Eighteenth Amendment in the interest graduates of either college or sem- of childhood and youth; that there are inary-most of them in the south and no youth anti-prohibition movements; west. that prohibition has aided the cause Dr. C. Luther Fry, who prepared of social well being; that prohibition the official analysis of church figures has not been the chief cause of law-

lessness; that the law is not religious times that for benevolences. The per but economic; that, all law restricts capita for benevolences had decreased and limits personal liberty; that it during those seven years by thirty- is difficult in the light of the cross to six per cent, and the per capita for talk about personal liberty; that the current expenses had increased by church cannot see at present any sub- thirty per cent. Many objects classed stitute for prohibition which will as benevolences are not missionary so- make for a better solution of a traf- cieties, but "service agencies," phil- fic that has always refused to obey anthropies and cultural or educational any law that has sought to put it un- agencies. How much of our giving der social control; that government to the church is really for others, and control as in Canada is not a success how much for ourselves?

and is not acceptable to the people of the United States, who do not look Tuskegee Jubilee T with favor upon government control HE fiftieth anniversary of the founding of Tuskegee Normal and f.or even legitimate business; that a return to state control would be but Industrial Institutes by Booker T.

a return to the old lawless conditions Washington was observed in Tuskegee which made the Eighteenth Amend- April 10th to 15th. Dr. M. Ashly ment inevitable; that the church is Jones, whose father was chaplain to willing to listen to proposals for a General R{)bert E. Lee, spoke to a large better substitute for prohibition, but audience, comprising both Negroes that so long as no adequate substitute and whites, his text being "The Car- is available the church must set itself penter's Son." Dr. R. R. Moton, is as a flint against any weakening of principal of the institute.

the present law. The Rev. Ben Brave, a South Da- The declaration was adopted unan- kota Indian, who was president at imously by the Administration Com- Hampton of the Wigwam of which mittee of the Presbyterian Board of Booker T. Washington was house fa- Christian Education in executive ses- ther, put a wreath on Dr. Washing- sion in Philadelphia. ton's Tomb.

Self-Support and Giving to Others Other addresses were given by Bish- op R. E. Jones of the Methodist T HE Institute of Social and Reli- Church of New Orleans; Mrs. Vir- gious Research has issued a report ginia Adams Driver, the first graduon "Trends in Protestant: Giving," ate of Tuskegee and Thomas Elsa from carefully collected statistics. In Jones, president of Fisk University. 1913 and 1914 the gifts for local ex- penses in the churches of eleven de- Berea College T nominations were about three and HIS unique institution, with over 2,500 students, stands at the gatethree quarters times the gifts for benevolences. During the war period way of the Appalachian Mountains the amount for benevolences increased, where live 3,000,000 hardy descend- so that gifts for local expenses were ents of pioneer Scotch-Americans.

less than twice those for benevolences. The campus, farm and forest land Since 1920 the ratio has tended stead- comprise 5,600 acres and the college ily back to that of 1913-14. The includes 82 departments with over 200 "benevolence,s" include many gifts for workers. Free tuition is given to the educational and other philanthropic impoverished but earnest students, all objects which do not depend on the of whom contribute to their support missionary boards of the churches. In by working at least ten hours a week.

1920 per capita for current expenses Furnished rooms, with light and heat was two and a half times that for cost 65 cents a week per student and benevolences. In 1927 the amount for food at the rate of 11 cents a meal-a current expenses had risen to five total of $150 a year per student. Berea

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

gives a Christian, but nonsectarian 1914, in accordance with the plan to training, with daily chapel and Bible form one Union Seminary. The numstudy. The president, Dr. Wm. J. ber opposed to the plan increased un- Hutchins, is just returning from In- til in July, 1930, the General Synod dia, whither he went with a commit- of Mexico, ordered the reopening of tee to investigate the missionary the Presbyterian Seminary on Febeducational work. ruary 4, 1931, in order that the synod might have full control over the The Oriental Probleln training of its 'candidates for the min- it;ltry. Since the reopening, presby- ORIENT ALS are our greatest racial teries have placed it on their budgets. problem on the Pacific seaboard. -Christian Observer. There are about 35,000 Japanese in the City of Los Angeles alone, and Earthquake in Nicaragua 50,000 in Southern California. Chinese are decreasing, there being only I N SIX seconds on March 31st a about 3,000 in Los Angeles. Filipinos, violent earthquake .destroyed Manon the other hand, have increased from agua, the capital of Nicaragua. Over 116 in the state in 1910 to about 70,- 1,000 were reported kijIed and thou- 000 in 1930, and about 7,000 of them sands more were injured; the proplive in Los Angeles. With all of these erty damage is estimated at thirty races the disproportion of sexes cre- million dollars. Fire followed the ates a grave social problem. Especially quake and the city was cut off from is this true of the Filipinos, there be- the outside world except for radio ing less than five per cent women messages. The American Government among the 70,000. They live mostly directed that immediate help be given in labor camps and work long hours the sufferers by the army and nav~ for small pay. This is the chief cause and the Red Cross. Only a small group> for the hatred which has precipitated of missionaries were stationed at Manseveral race riots in the past year or agua, members of the American Baptwo. Very little church or social serv- tist Home Mission Society and the ice work is yet being done among Central American Mission; the neighthem. boring town of Masaya was also oc- cupied by these missions. On the other hand, there is a great deal of church and social service work New Evangelical Churches among the Chinese and Japanese. The Chinese are rapidly decreasing owing DR. S. G. INMAN, Executive Secreto the rigid immigration laws, and tary of the Committee on Coopthere is really no Chinese problem. eration in Latin America, summarizes The Japanese are increasing and also events of the past year: becoming more and more Americanized. The second generation of The year stands out as marking the- "Americans of Japanese ancestry" is organization of additional independent coming to the fore, and they are de- evangelical churches in Mexico and sirous of living up to their birthright. Brazil. The union of the Congregational, They are the chief problem in this Christian and United Brethren Churches race.-The Churchman. in Puerto Rico, and the meeting in Puerto Rico of the officers of the com- LATIN AMERICA mission to organize the Latin American Federation of Evangelical Churches are Selninary ReopeD.8 in Mexico other marks of progress.

THE reopening of the Presbyterian Last July, representatives of the Theological Seminary in Mexico on Northern and Southern Methodist February 4, 1931, was significant for Churches, both in Mexico and the United the evangelical movement in Mexico. States, approved the basis for a united The institution had been closed since Methodist Church of Mexico. The first General Conference was held in Mexico 5 City in September, resulting in the elec- tion of Rev. Juan Pascoe as bishop. With

the approval of the Annual Conference two languages. In 1912, there were ()f the Southern Methodist Church at 9,415 corps, or evangelistic posts: now Dallas, last May, a delegation from the there are 15,113. As against 15,988 United States went to Brazil and helped commissioned officers in 1912, there 'organize the Methodist Church of Brazil. are now 25,658. The Army has 1,568 The Brazilians elected as their first social institutions and agencies. In Bishop Rev. J. W. Tarboux, a former its shelters and food depots 24,545,847 missionary, and adopted the Social Creed free or cheap meals were supplied dur- Qf the Federal Council of the Churches of Christ in America as their own.

ing the year, and 11,516,319 beds pro- Agitation in Brazil vided. In its men's industrial institu- SINCE the Provisional Government tions, houses and workshops, 214,074 of Brazil announced its intention men were found work, permanently of rewriting the Constitution, church or temporarily. At its labor bureau authorities have been campaigning in there were 407,506 applicants and favor of what they term a minimum situations were found for 238,234. In- program of Ciltholic action. This to its women's industrial homes last program demands that the new Con- year 6,416 girls and women were stitution bear the statement that it is received and 5,951 were passed out '!Written in the name of God, that it satisfactorily. At its ninety-two ma- ,declare the Catholic Church the State ternity homes 23,817 women were re- <Church of Brazil, that it make a re- ceived.-The Christian.

ligious marriage ceremony compul- sory, and that the Catholic faith be Religious Liberty in Italy T taught in the State schools. Catholic HE Roman Catholic Church au- thorities in Rome are doing all in clergy are conducting a vigorous campaign from the pulpit while Catholic their power to restrict Protestants laymen are just as busy through news- from enjoying liberty in religious papers and committees. Counter ac- work. The Vatican organ, Osservutore tivities are at work on the part of Romano, keeps up a demand for the nonCatholics. The strife reached a curbing of "Protestant propaganda," climax at a nonCatholic meeting of and the pope gives support to this deprotest in Pernambucco. A crowd of mand. They claim that the Roman Catholic sympathizers caused a riot Catholic Church is maligned and its when they succeeded in preventing the dogmas are misrepresented and they first speaker from addressing the large demand the right to censor the propacrowd of nonCathoIics. The police g and a. The Italian government, had to use force to restore order, and though friendly to the Roman Catholic the feeling is bitter on both sides.- Church and willing to treat it as the United Presbyterian. established church of the State, has EUROPE been insistent upon these principles; freedom of religious belief; freedom Sa.lvation ArD1Y Progress of religious worship; freedom of reli- T HE SalvaUon Army Yearbook far gious propaganda, and equality of civil 1931 is a record of vast operations, rights without regard to religious evangelistic and social, at home and connection.

abroad.

A statistical table is impressive as a Students a.nd the Christian Faith W record of advance since the death of HEN Dr. John R. Mott conducted a series of meetings for students the founder, William Booth. In that .;vear (1912) the Army was established of Oxford in 1905, the results were in fifty-two c{JUntries and colonies. At considered remarkable. From 300 to the opening of 1931, the Army's flag is 800 undergraduates attended. Re- :flying in eighty-two countries, and its cently, when the modern students are message being proclaimed in seventy- said to have no use for religion, 1,000

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

and sometimes 2,000 members of the cently fifteen evangelical kindergaruniversity were present day after day tens in Breslau lost the government for eight days listening to the preach- subsidy. An institution for dumb and ing of Christ and learning the way of blind children which has existed for a prayer in meetings conducted by the hundred years was -sold out and the Archbishop of York. children turned over to a state in- stitution. The Blue Cross Society is "The change in the last few years," a useful organization for the rescue the Student Movement declares, "is of drunkards. The Govetnment is remarkable. Men are ready to listen seeking to make its existence imposand many more than some think are sible by regUlations concerning regisready to pray." tration and membership insurance. In Zurich, morning and evening From other companies of young prayers and grace at table have been people a marked response has also interdicted in the city asylum, much been made to the appeal of Christ. to the grief of the aged inmates. The There is a seething in the heart of Central School Commission of Zurich youth today, but there is a readine-ss has cut off from the free evangelical to try experiments. No real picture of school the privilege of free dental youth is presented which leaves out treatment for school children, and has the companies who have entered upon withdrawn the reduction of carfares the way of faith. formerly allowed.-The Sunday-School Times. Christian Progress in Belgium Protest Against Soviet Persecution AMONG Belgium's eight million people, only 50,000 are Protes- T HE Christian Protest Movement tant. Besides the state-supported against Soviet Persecution of Re- Union of Evangelical Churches and ligion, established in Great Britain, the Free Christian Missionary church, has held 270 meetings during the past there are several smaller groups, but year, with the support of all religious Belgium is a Romanist stronghold, organizations. There is now evidence though many are indifferent and many that the protest has reached Russia, merely formal. One secret of Catho- and has brought about some slight lic power in Belgium is its thorough modification. This has changed the organization of education from school policy of the Movement from one of age onwards, and the Protestant' demand to an appeal to the Russian churches cannot compete in this field Government to abandon religious perwith their weak schools and lack of secution.-The Christian. resources. Neverthele-ss, good work is done by colporteurs and the print- Atheism and Christianity in Russia ing press, and the work advances, however slowly. There is no question I N RUSSIA the war between atheof mas-s conversions. New converts ism and Christianity is on, and in are gained one by one, but the labor spite of the great power the atheists is not in vain.-Pastor Buse. exercise, the current is not wholly their way. In Dein Reich Komme we Socialists in Germany are given a remarkable account of the manner in which the Evangelicals and CHRISTIAN institutions in Ger- Baptists are progressing. In the many have been attacked by the Ukraine, according to Pravda, "the Socialists quietly but persistently. sects are no longer sects but great Catholic institutions are spared be- churches or even parties." In the cause of the political alliance between governments of Po!towa, Kherson, and Center and Socialist parties. It is Tver there are whole counties which, proposed to supplant the Protestant according to the Communist papers, nursing sisters and deaconesses with secular nurses and attendants. Re-

are drenched with this Christian and singing them well; black health propaganda. In the Soviet factories workers who, unsupervised, can and do the .sectarians win victory after vic- produce admirable malaria surveys and tory. Thus in the textile factory maps …. In Zanzibar I saw a native Chalturin there are two thousand medical orderly demonstrating hookworkmen who belong to the evangel- worms and hookworm eggs to the chilical societies against less than five dren in a little out-school; and their hundred Communists. The school answers to his questions showed that youth who come under the influence the village schoolmaster had already of the sectarians offer obstinate re- made the hookworm story quite clear to sistance to the Communist pioneers their minds." and draw to their ranks leading members of the Communist young people -The Congregationalist. organizations. The religious situation in Russia is no doubt dark enough, but Welcomed by Tribal Ohiefs the darkness seems to be that which precedes dawn. THE following letter bears the sig- nature of forty chiefs and tribal The Evangelicals of Russia are, ac- rulers of Menderland, Sierra Leone, and was addres·sed to the newly arcording to the American secretary of rived workers at the "Ward United Methodist church" at Bandajuma, esthe All-Russian Evangelical Christian tablished last year: Union, very 'active in improving the general life of Russia. We, the paramount Chief and Tribal Rulers, of Sowa Chiefdom, do hereby AFRIOA meet to welcome you, and we regard this first visit to our Chiefdom as a genuine Oan Blacks be Educated1 red-letter day.

JULIAN HUXLEY, in a recent num- Weare highly proud of the love and ber of the Atla,nticMonthly, dis- respect that you good people are showing cusse.s the possibilities: of "African to us since you started this Mission on Education." The educability of the the 13th of April, 1928. Other missions African and his capacity for intel- have come and failed, and for many lectual and creative work depends years we have been left alone, before it upon the proper opportunity and stim- pleased God to put it into the hearts of ulous. Biology has relatively little to good people in England to send our do with it. Huxley agrees with schol- friend, Rev. A. C. Lamb, to come and ars like Franz Boas, who are con- open the Mission here again. Everyone vinced that variations of mental of us here feels very glad to have the capacity within a race are much Mission here, to teach us and our chilgreater than between races, and that dren. .Although we are Mohammedans, racial capacities overlap very consider- yet we feel that there is one God ·who is ably. It is impossible to say that the both for white and black. capacity of one race is definitely higher than another. Mr. Huxley We wrote some time ago about having says: a white man here and also a hospital, but we have not heard anything from "I have seen dressers in charge of dis- our friend as regards what the good pensaries, clerks keeping the records of people in England will do for us…. We native courts, girls running maternity hope to hear good news. and infant-welfare stations with white inspection only once a month, men in We are ready to help the Mission on charge of a power station on a big whatever we are asked to do. It is our estate, schoolmasters who taught well wish and prayer that God may guide and had their heart in their job, fore- you both in your ruling, and that you men who could be trusted in sole control may prove a blessing to all the other of building operations-all blacks . . . . churches and schools in Sierra Leone Black students who were dissecting a and to the public in general.-Missioncadaver with commendable thorough- wry Echo. ness; a black choir singing Bach motetS', Testing Time. in Bafla SEVERAL fa c tor s are causing troublous times in the Cameroun. A letter from C. E. Whittier, of the Presbyterian Mission in Bafia, gives as one factor the new laws regarding the age of boys and girls allowed in

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK 3B9

school, the maximum age being twelve Church Growth in Nigeria to fourteen years. This has meant putting out 125 of the two hundred TWENTY-ONE years ago the Church boys of the French school, and several Missionary Society began missiongirls of marriageable age will not be ary work in the Isoko dIstrict of Niallowed to return. geria, West Africa. The results have been wonderful, the numblJr of Chris- Boys and girls put out of school tian adherents now numbering more can return to their parents, but wilf than 8,000 in the 120 towns having a not want to. Why? If they start a Christian church. It is estimated that cocoa garden or gather palm nuts, as sixty per cent of the Christians are soon as the garden has food ready women, though no organized women's to harvest the chief will send his work was attempted until a year ago police to get it, to supply the amount when two women missionaries were the government asks of him. The assigned to the village of Bethel. The chief may be paid for it, but the boy missionaries are hoping to establish will receive nothing. His labor is welfare centres and small maternity useless. Who can even counsel him homes in six towns in the district, to be industrious, when along every each centre to have a trained woman line of industry his labors will only midwife in charge.-The Christian. enrich his chief, not himself? Thanks From Abyssinia As for the girls, a real trial of faith is experienced when the native Mo- T HE Emperor of Abyssinia issued hammedan chief takes them by force a statement thanking all the Govinto his harem to be his wives. ernments of the world for the interest they have manifested in connection Notable Improvement with the event of his coronation, and for the practical aid given by Euro- MANY changes may be noted as pean and American people toward evidence of improved ·social con- realizing his hope of spreading civiliditions in West Africa. Cannibalism zation in his realm. He also said: is nearly extinct. Slavery is waning. Fetishism is greatly decreased. Most "In this hour in which my heart is of the harmful secret ·societies are lifted up to God, I must offer my heartpractically dead. Tribal wars may be felt thanks for all the good that Amerisaid to be at an end. Murder is very can missions have done for us. They rare, as compared with its frequency have helped to spread the Word of God in the United States. Polygamy is and Christian teaching in all parts of the very greatly decreased. The language country, and we especially thank the has been reduced to writing and the doctors, not only for their great services New Testament, portions of the Old to the members of the Emperor's family, Testament and' many textbooks have but because they have given the blessings been printed. The majority of the of health and strength to thousands of young men and boys, and some thou- my poor people." sands of women and girls can read and write. Young women have more Abyssinia is four times the size of freedom as to school and marriage, Great Britain. At present only seven and some are taking nurses' training of its forty-three provinces are occucourses; some become teachers, and pied by missionaries. Eight societies others dre·ssmakers. Time was when with 71 workers occupy ten stations. all day·s were alike. The introduction There are 72 native workers. The of the Sabbath was a novelty to these Province of Shoa with its capital of people, and has proven a great bless- Addis Ababa is fairly well occupied, ing. Last year's statistics showed having 36 missionaries, or about half that the attendance at Sunday-school the entire mission force. The rest of averaged 94,000. the country is practically untouched. A recent article in World Dominion speaks of the present emperor as a progressive whose desire is to awaken

the soul of the old Church of his coun- Ferment in Persto.

try for the uplift of the nation. It DR. E. M. DODD, writing from is estimated that a quarter of the Persia, says: "Sixteen years ago, adult population of the empire are while here, I heard the remark, 'Persia priests, deacons, or monks in the is a corpse with no one to bury her.' old Aby-ssinia Church. The Church Since then the national attitude has possesses one-third of the land. changed. There is a feeling that all -Woman's Missionary Magazine. things are possible." The country is WESTERN ASIA gradually being emancipated; is A Christian Monthly in Turkey awake to the fact that it is in the march of progress, even though hun- ONE of the daily Turkish papers dreds of miles behind. Education is Son Posta, representing the new making long strides, the most signifpolitical party, criticised the support icant fact being that the new program given by the Government to the maga- includes girls. Many new schools zine Muhit. We translate this as in- have been opened.

dicating the appreciation of the maga- "Hospitals and public health activ- zine ,on the part of the Ministry of ities are moving with only slightly less Education. momentum. Doctors must now be li- "In Istanbul, a monthly magazine censed for the fir.st time. A few cities under the title of Muhit is issued by have municipal hospitals, while in the Bible House, namely the Gospel Teheran, a small medical fraternity Home, whose purpose is to extend meets periodically. In Meshed there Christianity. This Christian Institu- is something similar.

tion prints the Gospel, circulates it, "After all is said, the picture ha's and makes propaganda of Christianity shadows, as well as high-lights. Many all over the country. It has some cross currents are at work; national- schools also in Istanbul and some other ism at times runs riot, and economic cities, where Christianity is taught. conditions are bad. With the Mullahs The Bible House has taken steps to losing their hold, irreligioOn is on the extend its activities, and has begun increase."

to publish missionary books. At the head of this magazine Muhit, is the INDIA, BURMA, SIAM director of the Literature Department Self-Gove1'1lment and Communalism of the Bible House. THE Methodist Episcopal Central "Very well! A missionary organiza- Conference in India, at its recent meeting, declared in favor of Domin. tion has been publishing a magazine. ion Status for India, and pledged help We shall not read it. That finishes in making this status a .success. The the matter! But the matter is not greatest obstacle they declared to be finished in that way. Since the change "communalism"-or the policy of sepin our script, many Turkish magazines arating Indians into distinct classes have been obliged to close, and none dependent on religion, race Ill' social of them has received a grant from the class. It was resolved "that we Department of Education. The Min- (Christians) have no intention of istry of Education has discovered only creating a separate political entity, this magazine to support, and has called the Christian Community . . . decided to buy 2,000 copies every We have no desire to build up around month. Surely it is not reasonable that the Ministry of Education should the Christian Church a separate social use its appropriation for the purpose and political entity … We desire of the extension of the new script to passionately a united India . . . If support a missionary institution; but those who desired to give their spirit- this is a fact, and a most grievous fact ual allegiance to Christ had been al- too!" lowed to stay in their homes and be

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

frank, open baptized Christians then been putting emphasis upon evangelthis communalism would not have been ism, but there is a call for more earbuilt up. Even now if those who de- nest and more united efforts. sire to follow Christ should be allowed to stay in their homes without In several of the Provinces a special social or political penalty then we are week of evangelism was set for March willing to see the Christian commu- 8th to 15th. In the United Provinces nity as a political entity fade out, a number of objectives have been set leaving the Christian Church as a for a month of evangelistic effort. moral and spiritual organization con- Here are the objectives: tributing its power to the uplift and regeneration of this land." 1. Every Christian taking part by definite prayer and definite witness- Thirty Million More in India ing; with the aim to sell at least ten Gospel portions-a hundred if pos- I NDIA'S population has increased sible. 30,000,000 during the last decade, according to the estimate in the pre- 2. Special visits in zenanas by liminary census returns. The census Christian women. of 1921 put the figure at 318,000,000, but figures now available show that 3. Public preaching, singing and during the last ten years there has Gospel selling in bazaars by bands of been an increase in population exceed- laymen and ministers. ing all estimates. 4. A rousing Christian procession Freedom from pestilence and fam- at some time during the week. ine, sanitation, medical facilities and more enlightened living generally have These objectives, if carried out, contributed to the increase which ap- wherever possible, will show the pears certain throughout India. earnestness M Christiims to win others to Christ. Burma's population has risen probably 12 per cent. Bikanir State takes Kalighat Ashram the lead, however, with an increase of 41.7 per cent, largely due to the com- BROTHER CHAKRAVARTY, a pletion of a large irrigation project converted Bengali of Calcutta, and the consequent immigration. makes daily visits to the Kalighat temple, where he talks with pilgrims Population increased 35 per cent in and priests. Having retained his the Ahmednagar district and 32 per Bengali name and dre'ss he can move cent in the adjoining Poona district above in such places without attractperhaps because 'Of similar new irri- ing much special attention…. gation works. But there was no decrease elsewhere, showing such gen- This is a purely Indian method and eral pressure of population that the Indians are doing the work. There is people immediately flow into the areas no preaching, no magic lantern lecproviding support far fresh inhabit- ture, no Gospel singing band. The ants. Guru sits in contemplation and the enquirers gather about him. Then he A Month of Evangelism reads a verse from the Word of God, followed by a verse, perhaps, from the I N CHINA, Japan, Korea and else- Bhagavadgita. Then he shows the where, Christian churches are more effective drawing power of the carrying forward definite united evan- Bible to bring men to God. Perhaps gelistic programs. In India such a one from the audience puts a question united plan has not yet been made, and either the Guru, or some member but the National Christian Council has of the audience answers it. The been asked to consider calling the "audience" may consist of two besides Churches of India to unite in such an our missionary or there may be as effort. The Churches of India have many as fifteen in the little room.

Pray that our missionary and his wife may be given strength of body, of mind, and of heart, that they may

be divinely guided in all that they at- finally reach the millions beyond.

tempt for the Kingdom.-V. M. [lahi- Each Church will be free to follow baksh. whatever methods it chooses. 2. The. n.t0vement ai~~ at emphasizing Methodists and the Madura Incident C~rIshan responsIbIlity for positive wltness and sharing with others our T HE recent central conference of experience in Christ. the Methodist Episcopal Church in Southern Asia, at its quadrennial ses- 3. The movement must seek to touch all sion in Cawnpore, India, put that denomination clearly on record as re- !aces, ,,:or)dng in all areas, employ- Ing varIetIes of method, and aiming at establishing the Kingdom of God in all relationships of life. The move- jecting the interpretation of mission- n.tent should be a searching examinaary "neutrality" which the British tIon of our social and industrial conauthorities set up in the case of the d}tions, t? see how far they are con- American Board Mission in Madura. SIstent WIth Christian principles. While recognizing that American missionarie-s "can take no part in political A definite objective may -spur the movements as such," the Methodists Church on to greater efforts of sacriwent on record as holding that "the fice and service. The Council suggests church cannot give itself over to or that "we aim at doubling the number ally itself with any government or of Christians within five years." Such political party or group." It was this a venture calls for great faith, but which the now famous letter of Magis- "All things are po-ssible to him that trate Hall told the American Board believeth." missionaries at Madura the British Government expected of them. The The Evangelistic Committee is Methodists upheld the rights of Chris- praying and working, surveying the tian Indians, Anglo-Indians and field, examining social and industrial Britons to engage in politics as their conditions, planning the pUblication consciences dictate. of direct evangelistic literature in va- rious languages, working out bold and daring methods, with a view to in- auguratng the movement at the annual A BurlUa for Ohrist Movement* meeting of the Council in July. "For T HE Burma Christian Council calls the next six months, the need is to the Church of Christ in Burma to catch the vision of God's purpose, to a movement to make Burma Christian. sanctify ourselves to be the agents of It calls for a fresh outlook and motive, that purpose, and by believing prayer, which begun in penitence and prayer, create an atmosphere in which a great continued in faith, joy and persever- forward movement may be born and ence, -shall regenerate in the Church set going with such momentum that of Burma that spirit which thrills no power can stop the coming of the through the pages of the Acts. The Kingdom of God in Burma."

call is primarily to prayer and peni- The Day of Opportunity in Burma tence, through Communion with God, to realize the greatness of His love, THIS is a day of great opportunity and the magnificence of His purpose. to lead the Burmese to know Christ. "This realization should express itself Returning through Mandalay from in a deepening spiritual life, a grow- the Aungpinle Association at Sagaing ing Christlikeness, a radiant joy, and a the Wesleyan preachers said: "Manpassion for bringing others to Christ." dalay is not like what it was before. They used to hate the Christians; There are three general principles, now they go out of their way to make on which, the movement ought to be friends with us. They may not acbased: cept our religion, but they want to know us." At Sagaing a group of 1. The "Burma for Christ" movement about fifty Buddhist elders came out should extend to every Christian, and in response to an invitation.

'" Condensed from The News" Rangoon, Burma, February, 1931.

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

From Bassein, Henzada, Pegu and greater success than that reported in Moulmein come similar reports. The the press has been attained by the Buddhist people have listened with a Nanking Government in the struggle new eagerness and confessed their with rebellious hordes of Communists hunger for someone to trust. Burma and bandits. Some relief from finan- is weary of the doctrine of hate which cial calamity has also been secured has been so industriously preached through increased import duties.

from all sides during the past number The Manchurian leader, Chang of years and wants a gospel of love. Hsueh Liang, has not lost his hold on The economic distress resulting from the Northeastern provinces while low prices, the political risings and maintaining peace in Hopei, Shansi rumors of risings, robberies, murders, and the Northwest and gradually dis- ,sects and parties hating each other in banding the excessive armies in those the villages, have all made the Bur- provinces. Shantung has been more mans look with fear and distrust on peaceful than for several years.

one another, till they do not know As the result of reading the Bible where to turn. After nights of anx- and observance of the fruits of Chrisiety when they meet Christians in the tianity in his home, his social and povillages or bazaars, their faces bright- litical circle and in other relations the en with gladness because they know President, Chiang Kai Shek, has pro- Christians can be trusted and are claimed his C'onviction that for himbearers of love and help. In a world self and for his country, the Saviour of enemies, here are friends. Shout it out to the Christians all over Bur- and the hope is Jesus Christ. After confessing his faith and receiving ma. This is the day of opportunity baptism, he went back to his place of to show Christians love Buddhists.- peril and responsibility in the councils B. C. Case, in The News. of State to make clear, by deeds more News from Siam than by words, his belief that only the AN OUTSTANDING event of the truth can make China free and strong 1'l. year in Siam was the eighth meet- and "equal."-Courtney H. Fenn.

ing of the Far Eastern Association of Strong Leadership Needed Tropical Medicine, continuing for one week in Bangkok. One hundred and T HE Rev: George T. Scott, one of sixty delegates from abroad were pres- the Secretaries of the Presbyterian ent. Board, writes from Shantung: About two years ago the Interna- "In the eleven years since my pre- tional Missionary Council was asked vious visit to China, the most obvious to send a competent man to Siam for outward changes are (1) improved rural economic survey, in the hope roads and motor cars; (2) the well- that a scientific study of the rural informed and disciplined Chinese solpopulation and their problems would diers and police everywhere, in the assist the missions to make wiser and cities and towns, on the railways, drill- more far-reaching, plans. The Siamese ing on parade grounds and over rough Government is facing serious eco- terrain; (3) the many men of all ages nomic problems in connection with the in western dress, and practicaliy all rural situation, and is therefore eager girls and young women "bobbed," with a new independence of life and manto cooperate.-Station Letter. ners; (4) the shops filled with goods CHINA imported from America and Europe; Progress in China (5) and everywhere, at station plat- MORE progress has been made in forms and docks, on buildings and China in the last six months than fences and walls are pasted or painted in any previous similar period since large and small posters and signs to the revolution of 1911-12. Much inspire and to teach patriotism, na-

tionalism, anti-imperialism, popular nese Mission to Lepers decided to and party government. undertake. Shanghai is cursed with some 300 lepers most of whom are "In the present period of readjust- found in Chapei. These affiicted are ment among the most difficult has to not seen in the daytime, but appear do with Christian schools and colleges. on the streets at night. Some live Government regulations are unduly with normal persons, apparently unarestrictive, with a special bent against ware of the danger which lurks in religious worship and instruction. In them, while others even peddle food middle schools and higher institutions without the least interference by the voluntary religious exercises are per- police. There is no ruling that lepers mitted, but not in schools of lower cannot walk in public or engage in grade. The entire Christian move- petty trade, and consequently the most ment, missionary and national, con- dreaded disease of mankind is suffered tinually protests against these in- to victimize the innocent. The Chinese fringements of the liberty of private Mission has at its disposal funds for institutions. During this disturbed the erection and equipping of a home transition period, schools are being for these leper,s in the vicinity of continued and Christianity is being Shanghai. Unfortunately a site which conveyed to the students in many it obtained in Kiangwan was not apways, even where direct precept in the proved of by the Chinese municipal classroom is forbidden; often reli- authorities, neither was a second site gious worship and classes are held in in the Western District. a building adjoining the campus. At present, Christian schools are over- The work of the mission is undercrowded, largely because so many gov- taken by Chinese and foreign physiernment institutions are closed for cians free of charge. These volunteers lack of funds." have their regular duties, and as a consequence, cannot afford to go out Missionaries Murdered of the civic centers to render service to the lepers. It would hardly be fair THE murder of two American wom- to add physical hardship to their vol- en missionaries in the southern untary service which in most counprovince of Yunnan was reported in tries is provided by the government dispatches from there, March 18th. itself. The present deadlock between They were Mrs. Vera M. White and the mission and the Chinese authori- Mr·s. Victoria M. Miller, Seventh Day ties leaves the public only one choice: Adventists. to let the lepers run loose in its midst, or to house them under one roof rea- The crime is believed to have been sonably secluded from the congested committed by or upon the instigation sections.-The China Critic. of revengeful servants who were lately discharged under suspicion of being Standing Firm in Changsha. thieves. ~~NEVER was Christianity less like- The husbands of the women were ly to be stamped out in Changon their way from TaHfu to Yunnanfu, a 150-mile journey, and had been tele- sha," writes Rev. W. H. Clark of the graphed to hasten their return. Mrs. Hun a n Presbyterian Mis s ion. White's two children, Ardyth Marie "Though more than half the congreand Lorena Jean were uninjured and gation have been forced by imminent are being cared for by V. D. Parker, danger of a second communist occuof the Young Men's Christian Associ- pation to leave the city, the fire of ation.-Herald-Tribune. faith burns even the brighter in those who are here. In the humble little A Home for Lepers chapel of the primary school, 110 met for worship on Sunday. While the THE difficulty in selecting a site for hordes of Reds under Peng, Chu and a home for lepers has been retarding humanitarian work which the Chi-

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

Mao were hammering at our defense A. student secretary, and Dr. T. Z.

lines not over a mile and a half away, Koo, national student secretary of the and while the hills were ringing to Y. M. C. A.-Christian Advocate.

the sound of rifle and machine gun fire, even there a dozen Christians Finnish Missions in China dared to come to my looted home and T HE Finnish Missions in China are spend an hour in prayer. One Yale passing through great difficulties. boy, just two days before the fiercest In 1927 the greater number of their attacks, said: 'I am not afraid, I am missionaries were compelled to leave in the will of God,' and went off smil- China for many months. Some were ing. The next night his village was never to return to their stations. captured by the Red army and only Those who remained in Hunan were after three weeks did the government in danger of death daily for more troops reenter it. We have no news than half a year. The congregations of him, but I am confident he has were scattered, the churches desestood firm. That which we came to crated, the Chinese pastor,s and teach- China to give, the message of Christ, ers were persecuted, so that they had is a commodity which cannot be looted, to seek seclusion. destroyed, nor burned. We may have lost well over a hundred thousand dol- In February, 1930, three women lars; but there is a 'fellowship of missionaries in Kiangsi were mursuffering' worth infinitely more. Christ dered by Communists. They are the reigns in hundreds of hearts here; he first Finnish martyrs in the Chinese cannot be dislodged whatever comes; field. many a Christian is living the faith: 'Though he slay me, yet will I trust Nothwithstanding all these difficulhim.'" ties only 5% of the Christians gave up their faith. The work has been resumed and the missionaries and Chinese workers have gone long dis- Fifty Years of Service tances on tour and have found many T HE Anglo-Chinese College in Foo- open hearts. The work in the schools chow, under the Methodist Board, has been rendered generally imposwill soon complete fifty years of serv- sible on account of Government reice to China. Plans had been made strictions.

for only 400 stUdents, but when nearly 200 new boys applied for admission A Conference Under Difficulties U in September, acting President S. H. p TO within one week of meeting, it looked as if a conference this Lin arranged to take half of these applicants making an enrollment of year in Central China of the Christian 437 boys. The religious spirit among Alliance would be impos.sible. In July, the students has deepened becau,se of the rising tide of militant bolshevism the unusual activity of the school Y. swept over Changsha and threatened M. C. A. The school, through its six- the Wuhan Center, causing the Con- teen delegates, was host to the Joint suls to forbid their nationals residing Y. M. C. A.-Y. W. C. A. Summer Stu- in Wuchang.

dent Conference last September. The However, on September 2, the Con- boys, who carried on five Daily Vaca- suls lifted the ban and the conference tion Bible Schools during the summer was called. Many experienced trials, vacation, have brought the same spir- but the conference afforded new it of service into the Y. M. C. A. work. encouragement and inspiration. A Recently, over a hundred boys paid dominant note was praise for divine their own expenses to spend the week- protection amid warfare, lawlessness, end in the large Buddhist Monastery and opposition. In spite of the anti- on Kushau Mountain in a conference Christian agitation, one hundred and with Miss Kwaan, national Y. W. C. ten baptisms were reported. War-

fare, banditry, and communism had Whereas today, after seventy years been widespread, and yet evangelism of endeavor, the Christian churches had been carried on everywhere. have no more than 300,000 enrolled Many reported revival, some having members, or about one-half of one per been blessed with a week's meetings cent of the population, two modern held by four Chinese workers from sects of Shinto, not yet fifty years Bethel Mission, Shanghai. old, both incorporating in their tenets and practices features closely resem- The appointment of several "travel- bling those of Christianity, number ing evangelists"-who are really dis- over five million adherents, or nearly trict or provincial pastors-has been ten per cent of the population of modamply justified by their good workin ern Japan. Hunan and Anhwei. The spirit of love and unity and the competent way These sects are not in any real in which some Chinese brethren con- sense Christian; they are obviously ducted the business of conference, subChristian, and any crystallization greatly encouraged us concerning the of the process of development at the future of the church.-Rev. Howard present stage would leave Japan's lead- Van Dyck. ing religious movements manifestly pagan in spirit and rite. Yet these JAPAN AND CHOSEN trends chart the course over which Japan's religious development is mov- Bibles in Jq.panese Hotels ing.-T. T. Brumbaugh.

ABOUT four years ago the "Gid- Empress Aids Leper Work eons" applied for permis·sion to place Bibles in the Imperial Hotel at ST. BARNABAS' MISSION TO Tokyo, but without success. Other LEPERS, Kusatsu, is rejoicing in attempts were made later but met with a gift of seven thousand yen from refusal. However, one of the Chris- the Dowager Empress of Japan. For tians in the management kept the re- many years she has been accumulatquest in mind, and recently word came ing funds for the benefit of the lepers that the management had decided to of Japan by setting aside a certain accept the offer. part of her annual income. On No- vember 10, 1930, this fund was dis- Sunday, November 2d, was set for tributed to the various leper charities, the dedicatory service in the banquet Imperial, Roman Catholic, Anglican, hall of the hotel. Notice of the serv- and Buddhist. With the exception of ice was put in the main lobby. Short the Government Asylum, this Episcoaddresses were delivered by a mis- pal Mission received the largest sionary and by the representative of amount. With this fund it is hoped the Gideons, Captain Swinehart. The to establish a leper settlement suffimanager expressed his appreciation ciently attractive to draw lepers in and the hope that those Bibles would large numbers from all parts of the be helpful to many guests. No doubt, country for voluntary segregation.- that was the first time the Bible was Spirit of Missions. read and prayer offered in that banquet hall.-Bible Society Record.

A Christianized Buddhist Sect Purity Campaign THE Shin sect of Buddhism has THE campaign against licensed adopted so much of obviously prostitution has been called to the Christian thought-forms and method- attention of the Japanese public ology in Japan as to change the very through petitions presented to eleven character and spirit of Buddhism. meetings of the prefectural assemblies. This sect more than any other chal- Two of these passed biHs abolishing lenges the imaginations and commands licensed vice, making seven assemblies the loyalty of modern Japanese. which have recently declared for aboli-

1931J WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

tion. In one prefecture the victory graduates will enter the Theological came as the result of a well-organized Seminary in Pyengyang. Others seven-year fight, during which 135,000 have gone out to start new churches individual petitions, one long petition and win others to Christ. Rev. W. J. containing 60,000 names, and petitions Anderson, the principal writes: "We from over 650 organizations were pre- have some very fine men. Many peosented. The leadership of this move- ple have told me of the great blessing ment is in Christian hands but it ha·s the Bible school students are bringswept far beyond the limits of the ing to territory around Seoul thr,ough church and appeals to the best thought revival meetings and Sunday services of the nation. The medical associa- they are conducting. One student who tions and patriotic societies are coop- was not able to continue his work on erating and purity leagues are organ- account of lack of funds has been used ized in many parts of the country to to start a revival in a village ten miles back up the campaign.-WiUis Lamott. from Seoul. One graduate spent sev- enty days last summer in prayer and Sai Nai Reforms Bible study alone on an island. He returned in power and has been won- SAl NAI, on a river island near derfully used." Seoul, was a notoriously rowdy town. Village feuds played havoc with Christ and Apples the Christian school, interest lagged in church work. Following a week of PUKCHUDONG is a country village revival meetings, and a visit by the whose ·life has been enriched by missionary in charge of the group, Christ and apples. Luscious "red about thirty young men of the village jade" and "light of the nation" are organized a School Boosters Associa- grown in great abundance, because tion, assumed full responsibility for Christian elders have gone at the apall finances of church and school, ple industry with the same thoroughagreed to send more students, started ness as they conduct their church. The a night school, pledged themselves not more apples produced, the more conto touch liquor or tobacco, or gamble, verts secured, it would seem; and the and made it so clear to the head of better Christians they become, the betthe village that things must be dif- ter apples they strive to grow. "And ferent that he resigned. The village so the Lord be thankit," writes Rev. people met and decided that whoever William Scott. was chosen to succeed him must be a Christian.-Korean Broadcasts. The headman of the village is a non- Christian, who once gave much trouble Bible Training in Seoul by his opposition. Reporting on his community at a district meeting of SEVENTEEN Korean young men headmen he said: "It may seem like were graduated on March 18th from boasting, but I believe I have the best The Pierson Memorial Bible School community in the township. Our peoat Seoul. This is the largest class in ple are sober and industrious. There some years and the students have is no carousing, no wrangling, no had a systematic course of study, in thieving. Our folk are of specially the Bible, church work, preaching and good stock." Another village headpersonal evangelism. The week ends man, also a nonChristian, broke in and summer vacations have been spent with the retort: "Good stock, nothing! in teaching, preaching, and personal Your people are the Bame breed as work and most encouraging reports mine. Everybody knows what makes have come of reviva}.s and churches the difference. Take the Christian strengthened. Most of the under church out of your district and you graduates are planning to spend their will be back where we are."-Korean vacation in this work. Some of the Echoes.

~~Tithing Storehouse" While Christian in character and pur- K ONGJU, Korea, has a "Tithing pose, it is not designed to further the Storehouse" as a feature of its special interests of any church 'Or Christian program. This storehouse, other institution. The officers of the association are: 12×12 feet, was erected at the same Rufus M. Jones, president; Mary time as the church, and is probably E. Woolley, vice-president; Paul Wilthe only one of its kind. Christians liam Alexander, recording secretary; bring in the tithe of their rice and Charles J. Ewald, exe.cutive secretary; barley crop, and from this the pas- Robert A. Doan, chairman, Executive tor's food is supplied. Committee.

The pastor, while not a medical graduate, is widely read in medicine; RlLce Prejudice in Great Britain his father is a doctor of the old school, his brother a practitioner of the new. I NSPIRED by movements in the He keeps on hand simple medicines United States and South Africa, and ointments; has healed many mi- the Society of Friends in London has nor ailments and sent many serious instituted a "Joint Council to Promote cases to the Christian doctor in Kong- Understanding Between White and ju. He makes no charge for treat- Colored People in Great Britain," ments, thus avoiding any complications which is described in The Spectator (London) for February 14. "Among with government officials, and local its aims are the study of the misunpolice and government officials are derstandings arising from color prejamong his regular patients.-Chris- udice; an attempt to deal wisely with tian Advocate. cases of the 'color bar' as they arise, GENERAL the encouragement of personal con- tacts and the encouragement 'Of an ap- Association for Christian Cooperation preciation in Great Britain of the T HIS association will seek through contributions of colored people to hu- correspondence, exchange of visits, man welfare." lectureships, public forums, discussion The need for this organization in centers and by any other suitable Great Britain, with its 300,000,000 col- means to stimulate fellowship among ored subjects, is emphasized because those in the United States and other "color prejudice ……cannot be re- countries who are of like mind in the garded as the hallmark of civilization, desire to produce a Christian culture for some of the most civilized peoples with no circumscribed limits. No do not possess it. France has ap- elaborate or standardized organiza- pointed Diagne, a native of Senegal, tion is desired. Except for the modest to the post of Under-Secretary of State expense of maintaining a small office for the Colonies in M. Laval's Cabi- and conducting its meetings, the asso- net."

ciation will operate strictly on the "Much of the ill feeling toward basis of projects and in harmony with Great Britain in India today arises, the following principles: not from a sense of political griev- Projects will not be initiated or ad- ance, but from some personal slight, ministered by the Corporation. imagined or real. At a moment when Projects will be supported by the vot- we are straining every nerve to bring ing of a fixed total amount or by annual about a permanent understanding begrant for a fixed and usually limited tween the peoples of India and ourperiod. ·selves, based on friendship …… can we afford 'to send home (to India) No financial commitments shall be every year hundreds of embittered made unless funds shall have been pro- and disillusioned students, with nothvided in cash, negotiable paper or pledges from responsible Foundations.

The association is incorporated un- ing but unhappy memories of their der the laws of the State of Ohio. stay in England?' "

WORTH

SE3ll~ Any books mentioned in these columns wilt be forwarded by us on receipt of price.-THE REVIEW.

Young J. Allen, "the Man Who Seeded It affords a classified index to multi- China." By Warren A. Candler, D.D., farious needs, and gives striking evi- LL.D. 245 pp. $1.50. Cokesbury Press, dence of the many American agencies Nashville. 1!)31. now at work for the needy. "The Year Book is not an encyclopredia of Dr. Timothy Richard once said that social problems or social conditions; "the books of Allen have hurled the Chinese gods from their pedestals." it is a record of organized efforts in The record of this noble life, if con- the United States to deal with such densed and put into more modern problems. The problems themselves form, would win youth to. the great are discussed only to the extent that adventure. The style of thiS old fash- is necessary for an understanding of ioned missionary biography is apt to the forms of social work related to alienate the' sophisticated. In speak- them. No problem or social condition ing of Dr. Allen's oratorical powers is described unless some agency exists we have this sentence: "I searched for its control, prevention or study."

his eye, which was clear as his The topical articles which constitute thought, saw that once or twice dur- Part I are arranged alphabetically, ing the hour it was softened by a and there is a classified index under tear like a dew drop, held in its place such headings as Child Welfare, Menby the self-restraint of a kingly will." tal Hygiene, Health, Industry, Crime, Dr. Allen was distinguished for his Recreation, Church Social Work, etc. literary work which includes nearly The contributors have been carefully one hundred and fifty volumes, orig- selected but some of the articles are inal or translated. provokingly brief. In Part II we have He went out as a pioneer mission- a complete list of national agencies ary of the Southern Methodist Epis- engaged in social work, arranged al- copal Church, during the trying days phabetically and later classified under of reconstruction. He mastered the Protestant, Jewish, Roman Catholic, Chinese language and script, founded Y. M. C. A., etc. The article on Ima newspaper and engaged in evangel- migrants and Foreign Communities ism. In forty years of work, battling contributed by Edith Terry Bremer against ·superstition and idolatry, he is illuminating. All of the entries are is said to have had only a week's sick- accompanied by select bibliographies.

ness and then "he fell dead in his Altogether it is a work worthy of the harness," May 30, 1907. The book Russell Sage Foundation. S. M. Z.

contains some noble tributes from his.

fellow missionaries and an excellent The X Y Z of Communism. By Ethan T.

portrait. S. M. Z. Colton. Illustrated. 8 VO. 423 pp. $3.00. Macmillan. New York.

Social Work Year Book. By Fred S. Hall. The author is one of the secretaries 600 pp. $4.00. Russell Sage Founda- of the International Committee of the tion. New York. 1930. Y. M. C. A. and spent some years in Those interested in national mis- Russia. He has a vital message in sions or in the social uplift of the un- this volume which bears a striking fortunate and neglected in our country title. It represents an effort to make will welcome this excellent handbook. clear the results in Russia of the theo- 399

ries expounded in "The A. B. C. of of purpose, beside which our Chris- Communism," one of the propagandist tian missionary organizations seem documents is·sued by present-day Bol- feeble and lukewarm. The volume is shevists. After defining and describ- well documented, and contains a num- ing the "class war," the author ber of illustrations from the Soviet explains .the dictatorship of the pro- press. The Glossary is excellent but letariat of the industrial workers as the index is incomplete. The judg- an instrument for the conquest of so- ments expressed are sincere, well bal- ciety by Communism. He then shows anced, and convincing. Our conviction how this differs from all other forms is that the only hope for Russia is of socialism. Jesus Christ. S. M. Z.

But Russia has not attained a real "dictatorship of the proletariat." It The Good Earth. By Pearl S. Buck. 375 is ruled rather by a dictatorship of pp. $2.50. John Day Co. New York. the Communist party. Mr. Colton describes their principles, their aims, and 1931. their program. The First International (1864-1872), laid the founda- Many missionaries have written tions for Socialism. The Second good novels but it is not often that a International (begun in 1889 and still missionary's story is selected as "the continuing) was supplanted by the book of the month." This means a Third International (1919), which very large assured sale and a reading threw overboard all restrictions and by nonmissionary minded folk. proclaimed "the Communist Revolution can be victorious only as a World Mrs. Buck was herself a Presbytee Revolution." rian missionary in China and married Dr. J. Lossing Buck of Nanking Uni- Mr. Colton fearlessly describes the versity so that she has inhaled the effect of Communism on marriage and atmosphere of China that her novel breathes out. Her first novel "East Wind, West Wind" also deals with the home life, and the restrictions laid Chinese life and her interpretation of upon religious organizations. The her adopted country has been com- hostility to all religion proves that pared with that of Lafcardio Hearn the root of this hatred is not because for Japan.

of the "Orthodox Church," nor is it "The Good Earth" is not a mission- due to the hostility of the Jews. The ary story and on the surface seems purpose in the minds of the leaders unrelated to missions or to Christian- is to extirpate religion in every form. ity. It is a somewhat surprising novel Their own testimony to this effect is to come from a missionary's pen.

monotonously uniform and convincing. With great literary merit, a true to "Created and constituted to make ag- life Chinese atmosphere, a realism gressive and effective this aggregate that is sometimes raw, the story de- army of man, woman, and child-power scribes vividly the life of a Chinese for the eradication of religion, is the farmer who rises from deep poverty Society of the Militant Godless-the to wealth and at the same time sinks tireless, pitiless, presiding mind of from honest independence and simple the propaganda and the persecution. strength to self-indulgence and a slav- Its head is Yaroslavsky, Secretary of ery to material things. While the the Party Control Commission (the story is not altogether pleasant read- Inquisition of Communism), an in- ing it is of absorbing interest and strument of power second only to the deeply impresses both the strength Political Bureau of the Party and the and the weaknesses of Chinese char- O. G. P. U." This chapter is a star- acter and customs. Without pointing tling revelation of the effectiveness of a moral the picture here given shows an agency for the propagation of anti- vividly the need of the Chinese for Christian beliefs and practices; it the truth, the ideals, the joy and the shows an intensity of zeal and a unity power that come from Christ.

The Missionary Review of the World — February 1931

ABORIGINES OF WESTERN CHINA WORTH

Leader's Handbook Series Four books, on the religious education of important age groups with special attention to the use of missionary material in the education process. Each volume by a recognized authority.

The Missionary Education of Beginners By ."'''RH: EJ.h:ANOR MOORI': The Missionary Educntion of Primary Children By "VILIII':UIINA STOOKIlR The Missionary Education of Juniors By J. GlmTRlJIlI, HUTTON The Missionary Education of Intermediates By MAllleL GARDXER K.:RsrHN.;R $1.00 Each MISSIONARY EDUCATION MOVEMENT (Thp FriPndship Press) 150 Fifth Avenue New York I .• ASK. ANY METHODIST WHO LET YOUR GIFT OWNS to Foreign Missions An Annuity Agreement of either PAY YOU A LIFE INCOME Mission Board You can make a generous gift to foreign mis- Why he knows it is safe sions and have a needed income for yourself Whether he receives his Annuity and oth-ers from the money you give by the regularly Annuity Gift Plan Does his Annuity shrink during This plan relieves you of uncertain ty and hard times worry caused by changing values of invested If he enjoys relief from reinvest- funds and assures you a fixed income of ment problems 4~% to 9% per year How he is reassured of a future for the rest of your life income When he expects to secure an- A r~eTve fund of over $1.500.000 guarantees the prompt payment of annuities to you. other Annuity Agreement Protect yourself against loss through Tor furtlier illformatioll 1uritc: unwise investmentRand at the same time help send the gospel to all the world. MORRIS W. EHNES, Treasurer, Board of Foreign Missions of the Methodist For full information write Episcopal Church, 150 Fifth Avenue, New York, N. Y., or Erne.t F. Hpl'. Secretary. Dept. ofAnnuitie. W. J. ELLIOTT, Treasurer, Board of BOARD OF FOREIGN MISSIONS of the Presbyterian Church, U. S. A. Home Missions and Church Extensiou of the Methodist Episcopal Church, 1701 Arch 156 Fifth AveDue. New York St., Philadelphia Pa.

Please mention THE MISAIOSARY REVIEW OF THE "~oRr.D ill writing to ad'11rtis(Iors. THE MISSIONARY OBITUARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD THE REV. WILLIAM BISHOP BOOMER, a retired missionary under the Presbyte- DIILAVAN L. PIIIB.ON, Editor rian Board of Foreign Missions, who had worked for thirty-eight years in Chile, CONTENT5L-February, 1931 died Nov. 14th at Columbia, S. C. He cODJpleted a Spanish hymn book which he began in Chile before his retirement.

* … ..

Page MR. H. W. MA, the first Chinese Prin- FRONTISPIECE-CHIKasa ABORIGINES cipal of the Christian College, Mukden, DOES BIBLE WORK IN CHINA PAY? died suddenly on October 3rd. In August G. ••••••1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . CAIILTO" LACY 85 he had gone to the National Conference IN'l'ERESTING ABORIGINES IN WEST of Christian leaders and had come under CHINA ……•.••••••••• HY PAllS""" 87 the spell of Mr. Kagawa, of Japan. THE CHRISTIAN MESSAGE FOR MOD- Everyone in the college noted how since ERN JAPAN •.•••••• WILl.IAM AXLIKG 91 then he lost no opportunity of bringing RELIGION IN CHINESE SCHOOLS ••.. 98 MISSIONS SUFFER IN HUNAN •…•. 95 the direct Christian challenge before the AN INDIAN VIEW OF CHRISTIAN MIS- young men. He impressed everyone as SIONS …………. B. C. ISHWAIIDAS V7 a man with a lofty and very decided MANU'ESTO ON CHURCH UNION IN sense of the Christian vocation. INDIA …•..••…….•………..•• 100 * * .. 'rHE NEXT STEPS IN HOME MISSIONS 101 THE REV. WILBUR B. STOVER of the THE NEED OF THE CHURCH TODAY Church of the Brethren, died on October • ••..•…. '.' …. CHARJ~ES L. GOODELL 106 31. The Rev. and Mrs. Stover were the CRIME PREVENTION THROUGH lIiOR- pioneer missionaries of that Church in AI, AND RELIGIOUS EDUCATION " 109 India, having arrived at Bulsar in No- BURMESE GOSPEL TEAM •••••••…. 113 vember, 1894. They returned to America A JllISSIONARY JOURNEY IN ITALY in 1920. * * … · . . . . . . • • . . . . . . . . . . STEFANO I~. 'rEST.-. 115 PROTESTANTISM IN BRAZIL •••…•• 117 MISS ELIZABETH B. VERMILYE, for JlIODERN SI,AVERY ••••••••..•.•••••• 120 UNLOOSING GOD'S WORD IN PERSIA many years a member of the Women's Board of Domestic Missions of the Re- • •….•…•…. Wn.LIAM M. WYSIIAM 121 A VENTURE IN MISSIONARY TRAIN- formed Church in America, died Decem- ING . . J. f••••••••••• • LOVELL MURRAY 123 ber 10 at Asb ury… Park , N. J. PROGRESS IN THE SOUTH SEAS •••• 126 … METHODS FOR WORKERS ..•.••..•• …

••••••. • EDITED BY MB~. F. 1. JOHNSON 128 THE REV. DR. CHARLES ALVIN BROOKS, WOMAN'S nOME AND FOREIGN BUL· secretary of the American Baptist Home Mission Society, who had been an official LETIN ……… EDITED BY FLORENCE of Baptist organizations for twenty- E. QUINLAN AND b"LORENCE G. ~l'YLER 135 three years, died at his home in Tarry- WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK •.•..•.. _. " 141 BOOKS WORTH READING …•…••.• 156 town, N. Y., on January eleventh. Dr. Brooks was born at Watkins, N. TERMS.-,2.50 a year. ($2.00 In clnbs of five.) Foreign postage, 50 centl. Single "opleB, Y., on January 7, 1870, and was thus 25 cent.. Publisbed monthly. Copyrighted, sixty years of age. A large part of his 1931, by M,SSIONARY RaVIIlW PUBI.ISHING COM- career was spent in various Ohio pas- PANY, INC. All rights reserved. torates and in Chicago and later he served as executive secretary of the Cleveland Baptist Association, secretary of the City and Foreign Speaking Mis- sions, as well as secretary of the Social Service Division of the American Bap- tist Home Mission Society. Last March he was elected to succeed Dr. Charles L. White as executive secretary of the Home Missions Society.

THE MISSIONARY Rill VIEW PUBLISHING A CORRECTION-LUTHERAN COMPANY, INC. • PIONEERS ROBBa1' III. SP..IlR, ProBi<l…t By an oversight, the article on "Yes- WILLIAM I. CHAMBERLAIN, Vice-President terdays in Home Missions" by Dr. Wm. R. King, omitted reference to the impor- D……y.lN L. PIIIRBOJl, 8ecretarll tant work Lutherans have done in Home W.lL1'.. McDouoALL, I'reIJBVrer Missions in America. During the First Period (page 886) German Lutkerans publication 01llce, 3d &. Re!17 St., Harrisburg, should have been mentioned as among Pa. 2l1e a cop,.. ,2.50 a year. the settlers in Pennsylvania and in the Second Period (page 886) Muhlenberg Editorial and BUline.. 01llCl!, 11i6 Fifth AYenue, (1742) should have been designated as Nell' Yorl< Cit,. a Lutkeran pioneer in Pennsylvania.

Entered a8 neond-cla.. matter at the Pe.t 01llce, Harrl8burlr, Pa., under Act of March a, 18T8. American Colony Stores FROM: THE HOLY LAND of Jeru••lem Those who have been to Jerusalem and those inter- (VESTER /Jl COMPANY) ested in Bibical history will 26 E. 55th St., New York be fascinated by our col- lecti<;>n of gift articles sym- ho!k of (he f:!'oly Land. COLns of the BIble, Testa- ments bound in Olive. wood, Maps, Shepherds' Costumes and Pressed Wild Flowers are a few of these unusual objects. All are reasonably priced.

P';ce Lilt Snit 1m t'tqll'u.

LIP READING for the DEAFENED Thousands surmounting their handicap. Kinzie Method of Graded instru ction 1!1sures h igh est r esult ot which ind ividea] is ca pable. Su mmer Ress;ion in London.

KINZIE INSTITUTE OF SPEECH·READING, 347 M.clio•• An., N. Y.

PERSONALS COMING EVENTS REV. E. A. ODELL, of the Board of Na- February 1-6-FLORIDA MISSIONARY Astional Missions of the Presbyterian SEMBLIES in Orlando, Haines City, Church, U. S. A., will accompany the Deland, Sa nford. Daily Lectures Caribbean cruise sailing from New York and Rallies. Fourteen speakers. Mrs. February 14 and returning March 4, Henry W. Peabody, Chairman, Oras specal lecturer, interpreter, and guide lando. for the land trips, for thoSe members of the party engaging passage for the pur- February 14-March 4-CARIBBEAN SEMpose of seeing the missionary work being INAR, West Indian Tour. done on the Islands. Mr. Odell has lived in the West Indies, both Porto Rico and February 16-19-THE PRESBYTERIAN Cuba , for over 25 years and speaks CHURCH (South) is planning to hold Spanish fluently. a Presbyterian Congress of World Missions in Chattanooga , Tennessee. *•• They plan to make this the greatest and most inspiring and far-reaching MR. C. T. STUDD, the former famous in power of any congress or conven- Cambridge cricketer and founder of the tion ever held. World Evangelization CrusadE!, recently celebrated his 70th anniversary (Dec. 2, F ebruary 20-WORLD DAY OF PRAYER. 1930) in Africa. His story is 'told in a For local churches and missionary small book by Thos. B. Walter s. The groups in all countries. For further past seventeen years of his life have been information write to denominational spent in the Belgian Congo. headquarters of the Women's Home and Foreign Mission Boa rds. *** February 24-26-WESTERN SECTION OF DR. J . A. GRAHAM of Kalimpong, In- WORLD ALLIANCE OF REFORMED dia, has been elected to be Moderator of CHURCHES, Washington, D. C. the Church of Scotland for 1931. This is the first time that the old Church of June 22-26-A WORLD CONFERENCE ON Scotland (now a part of the united Scot- STEWARDSHIP AND CHURCH FINANCE tish Church) , has had a missionary Mod- is to be held in Edinburgh, Scotland. erator. Dr. Graham, has spent 41 years Five representatives from each of in the misison field, and in 1900 started t he 25 denominations which constithe St. Andrews Homes for Anglo-Indian tute the United Stewardship Counorphans. He has the love and respect of cil, in the United States and Canada, Indians and European officials alike, and and one for each 100,000 members has been awarded the Kaisar-i-Hind will comprise the delegation from Medal and has received the C. I. E. these countries. Entertainment will be extended to accredited delegates, (Concluded on third cover.) though the conference will be open to all visitors.

PIea.e mention TEll MISSIONABt'"R.,vl&W OF TEll WORLD In writlnll: t o ad vertis ers.

LIV, No.2 February

THE MISSIONARY 16eWO..,–~ DOES BIBLE WORK IN CHINA PAY?

BY THE REV. G. CARLETON LACY, D.D.

Seeretrwy, Ohima Agency, American Bible Somety YESTERDAY a prominent min- teers shared in the distribution of ister said to me: "Until re- more than five million copies of cently I did not believe in the Scripture in China. All but 65 of work the Bible Societies are doing these were in Chinese. in the widespread distribution of In Yuncheng, Shansi, a band of Chinese Gospel portions at a nomi- twenty Christians go out regularly nal price. But I have been con- in the winter months to sell the verted by the experience of one of Scripture portions and a number our highest provincial officials, who of people are brought to Christ. in the days of Yuan Shih-k'ai fell Many times these volunteers are under that powerful ruler's dis- greeted with scorn and even with pleasure. It became necessary for violent attack. During the past him to flee from Peiping (Peking) year, however, the Book was rewith nothing but what he could ceived more frequently with signs carry in a small hand bag. In his of eagerness. A missionary phydestitution and loneliness he threw sician who for sixteen years has open his bag. On the top lay a persistently distributed the Gospels little book which he had bought among the passengers whenever he from a despised peddler on the travels on a river steamer did not train. He began to read the Gos- meet with a single rejection last pel story. It laid hold of his heart. year. The message met his need. He The Chinese Church has become sought a church and a Christian increasingly conscious of its opporpastor and now he is known every- tunity in the distribution of the where as an earnest Christian." Scriptures. The steady cultivation Yearly millions of copies of the through recent years is showing Scriptures are distributed. Much its effects. The number of foreign of the seed falls by the wayside, missionaries in China is twenty but so long as the harvest con- per cent less than three years ago tinues it is worth while to use but the circulation of Scripture every means available to sow the portions is thirty per cent greater.

seed. Hundreds of faithful men All over China there is evident and women are ready to help and a widening field of thought and acduring the past year 1,225 volun- tivity. Newspapers are more nu- 85

merous and popular. Means of not tell the half of what the people communication have been greatly of China are enduring under the improved. The stirring events of heel of the military chieftians and the past two or three years have their mercenary armies, and under shaken loose men's thought proc- the bloody sword and fiery torch esses and even those who are most of brigands and outlaws, many of pessimistic with regard to the Rev- whom are the product of recent olution are forced to admit that wars and rebellions. Nor do they tell how widespread and deadly has THE GOSPEL IN CHINESE been the famine in several of the (Literal rrranslation): The True God so provinces, or how many faithful missionaries and Chinese business f~Si!k~at(~s{O~~1y b~~~lt~~ s~e:, 6~sf~:;i:: men and children of the wealthy have fall e n into the hands of Him upon them in order to cause all who bandits to be held for high ransom, believe on Him, not to reach to destruction, or of continued attacks on Chris- but to certainly obtain eternal life. John tian gatherings and some success- 3: 16. ful efforts to break up or close Christian schools. the stolid peasant has been introduced to a bigger world than he We know of the heart-break of knew before. The s e awakened many humble followers of the Man minds are receptive and the Book of Nazareth, who, like Him, have of Truth has a new appeal. been c rue II y misunderstood by those closest and dearest in the On the other hand a glance over home or in the circle of intimate the. nine years past shows the pa- friends and have been rejected by thetic details of China's suffering those to whom they came with the -suffering fro m famine, flood, Word of Light. "He is despised warfare, hatred, and wickedness of and rejected of men" may be writevery description. The reports do ten of many a faithful Christian- Chinese or foreigner – who con- tinues loyal to his Redeemer, tell- ing the Gospel story, distributing the Gospel portions where he goes, and living sacrificially and trium- phantly.

GOD'S HANDWRITING By JOHN OXENHAM He writes in characters too grand For our short sight to understand; We catch but broken strokes, and try To fathom all the mystery Of withered hopes, of death, of life, The endless war, the useless strife- But there, with larger, clearer sight, We shall see this-His way was right

DISTI:-lCTIVE DRESS OF WEST CHINA

ABORIGINES IN WEST CHINA 0' BY THE REV. HY PARSONS, Shimenkan, Kwei, Yunnan, China M/88ion(J.t'jf the United M ethodi8t MI8lrion, 1905 T HE Ko-pu, a branch of the the more crafty Celestial. Most of great No-su family, may be the best land has already passed referred to as aborigines of into his hands, and today, by theft Yunnan, although there are stories and otherwise, the aborigines are of their having been invaders in slowly but surely being disposthe shadowy past, and of their hav- sessed of their country. Ko-pu ing pushed back the "real origi- land has been "borrowed" by Chinals" to the mountain recesses. neseneighbors, "just for inspec- This is true of the Miao (Flowery tion," and after a year or so a Sprouts) who were the victims of demand for rent is made. This the stronger tribe. History has being refused, a lawsUit follows, been repeating itself, for the policy and almost invariably the Chinaof "push" was adopted most suc- man's possession of the deeds and cessfully by the Chinese. The vari- of the longer purse wins the day. ous branches of the No-su family have steadily given ground before The aborigine is no match for the Chinese. This fact has been 87

stamped upon the mind of the Ko- rant of all book learning, the Ko-pu pu and has given birth to mistrust, have nevertheless a due apprecia- fear and racial hatred. tion of the advantages of being We have a strong suspicion that able to read an agreement in the the recognition by the Ko-pu of Chinese character. "Teach us to their. ,?wn inab}Iity to withstand recognize Chinese writing, that the the forward Chmese has been one Han will not then so readily hood- factor in their movement toward wink us."

Christianity, or rather toward the The Ko-pu are grouped in vil- real or fancied security, which as- lages and hamlets containing from sociation with the foreign teacher five to sixty families congregating has brought. for mutual protection against wild Mr. Arthur Nicholls, of the animals and more dreaded thieves.

China Inland Mission, writes: "At Their village life is based upon the a Ko-pu village I was requested, at communistic principle – a Mutual the point of the knife, to assist in Help Society. The land, such of a matter which might involve send- it as remains in Ko-pu hands, is ing to the magistrate. I refused, divided among the several families and on receiving their ultimatum, forming the village. As a family 'Help us or' we will not believe,' increases in size, its land is divided I saddled my horse intending to and sub-divided, until many of the leave. The Ko-pu immediately plots are insufficient to support the gave way, blaming some absent persons dependent u pan them.

member of the community." These, then, support themselves by Physically, the Ko-pu are be- working for their more wealthy tween the Miao and the Chinese. neighbors.

They exceed the stature and the The people are clannish, but powers of endurance of the for- feuds often break out between dif- mer, but do not attain to tho s e ferent families and villages. Forays of the latter. Socially the Ko-pu and blows follow and internecine rank higher than the Miao, but are strife continues for generations.

inferior to the No-su and Chinese. A lamentable Qutcome of these There is some ground for believing quarrels is the large amount of that formerly they were the serfs litigation which ensues. The Chi- of the stronger half of the No-su nese officials bleed both parties to tribe. Heartily dispised and ex- the disputes, and are naturally ploited by the Chinese, the Ko-pu pleased with this fruitful source of do not fail to reciprocate the feel- income. Justice is as often a mat- ing of hatred. Long years of op- ter of chance as of judgment. The pression and loss have generated a Mandarin language spoken by the deep sense of wrong and resent- aborigines is, to say the least, not ment. distinct, and the official not infre- The Ko-pu are endowed with a quently has difficulty in arriving large share of deceit, self-love and at the facts of the case.

a capacity for looking after them- There is surprisingly little inter- selves. They are much less trust- course between villages. Folks liv- ful and responsive to the Truth ing in hamlets divided by a deep than the Miao; but seem to be valley only, are sometimes un- more easily persuaded than the known to each other. The result Yunnanese Chinese. Though igno- of this isolation shows itself in

ABORIGINES IN WEST CHINA

quite distinct types of dress, and It is a lamentable thing that con- marked variations in language, tact with the Chinese seems al- and even in facial differences. This most invariably to lower the charaloofness and reluctance to gather acter and conduct of the Ko-pu.

at any common center makes mis- Like all children of nature, they sion work among the Ko-pu more are very superstitious; greatly difficult t han among the Miao. terrified at the thought of devils Each Ko-pu village demands its and what these demons are sup- own teacher and preacher and will posed to be able to perform, while not readily send its boys to school wizards and medicine men hold the in a village even a short distance people in thraldom. All forms of away. Hence a whole regiment of sickness are believed to be the evil men would be required if every re- expression of demon thought. Sac- quest for a teacher or worker was rifices of cattle are sometimes regranted. Weare seeking to break sorted to in order to propitiate the down these barriers by organizing spirits of the dead. district festivals with competitions The ancestral tablet—e 0 pie d among the various schools. from the Chinese-has been gener- The people are fond of sports, ally set up in the homes, but idols especially bull fighting. Two bulls of prayer, wood and stone do not are placed in a ring and excited to seem to have been worshiped. push each other with their horns. Trees are held sacred, and the evil The owner of the vanquished one spirits supposedly residing in them has to treat the company with sacrificed to. It is all a religion wine, so that drunken brawls often of fear; an existence without hope follow. for the future; a darkness hang- Morals and Drink ing around the people which can The state of the people's morals almost be felt. Yet, above all, the leaves very much to be desired. Ko-pu acknowledge One who is su- The drink habit has a tremen- preme, all-powerful and uncreated.

dously strong hold upon the people. They named him Ya-so-mu. How Many of them part with it very they worship him we have not yet reluctantly. It has enabled the been able to ascertain.

Chinese to cheat the aborigine The people are very musical.

easily, and is often a great stumbl- They delight in songs of their own ing block to the full acceptance composition. More Gospel truth of the Gospel. The brothel stands, has been inculcated by the method or has stood in most villages. Im- of hymn-singing than in any other morality among the unmarried- way. Whenever a teacher arrives an elastic term-is not considered at a village, the people will sit and improper; nor does any sense of sing by the hour. They never seem shame or wrong disturb the par- better pleased than when given a ticipants. "Just old tribal cus- new tune.

toms," the people say, adding "Our Missions to the Ko·pu fathers fro m time immemorial have done the same; and why may Our introduction to the Ko-pu not we?" was through the medium of a vil- A few of the Ko-pu copied the lage of Christian Miao, living to Chinese in opium smoking, and the north of Tong Chuan City.

quantities of poppies were grown. The Ko-pu came to service, were

received kindly, and invited us to sistance of the British and Foreign come again. The movement spread Bible Society. The people readily rapily. Village after village opened grasp the script (the same as its doors to the Miao preachers; adopted for the Miao) , which has indeed, invitations from the Ko-pu been used in reducing the lan- poured in. The trained Flowery guage to writing. There are a Sprouts from the Stone Gateway few gutterals and a tantalizing district gave themselves splendidly range of "tones" decidedly difficult to the work. They traveled among to a Westerner. Generally speak- the people, stayed in their homes, ing, Mandarin is not serviceable in daily teaching them to sing and teaching the Ko-pu, for 0 n I y a pray. Week after week this itiner- small percentage of the men under- ation continued. Week-night and stand it, and fewer women.

Sunday services were arranged, The people appreciate the inter- and the movement placed on a est manifested in them and the ef- working basis, a I m 0 s t entirely fort made to teach and help them through the agency of the Miao. in their sicknesses. It is an inter- Without the aid of these Flowering esting sight to see the decayed Sprouts only the barest fraction of tooth brigade, inviting an applica- the work could have been under- tion of the forceps. In one village taken. Chapels sprang up-there only, in the course of two visits, I are -a score of them now–erected have extracted nearly 70 teeth.

entirely by the people themselves, It is both unwise and impossible without cost to the Mission. These to be dogmatic respecting numbers mud-built chapels are of lit tie -there are, however, several thou- worth but their value lies in that sand Ko-pu aborigines c a II i n g they represent a sacrificing and themselves Christians. There are worshipping spirit. Schools have signs of the movement spreading been opened, trained Miao teachers to other peoples, neighbors of the are engaged in teaching companies Ko-pu.

of intelligent Ko-pu scholars. We are only at the beginning of Members of the same tribe scat- the evangelization of the tribe; tered in other districts are con- many difficulties confront us; very stantly asking for boo k sand much spade work waits to be done.

instruction. We supply their needs We see many signs of encourage- as quickly as we can. A hymn- ment, and anticipate the day. when book and Mark's Gospel have been the whole Ko-pu p e 0 pIe shall, printed in dialect, the latter being through Grace, be found praising made possible by the generous as- God.

Be prayerful and thou shalt have strength equal to thy day; Prayer clasps the Hand that guides the world- Oh, make it then thy stay: Ask largely, and thy God will be A Kingly Giver unto thee.

-From "Prayer and the Promises."

CHRISTIAN MESSAGE FOR

JAPAN BY THE REV. WILLIAM AXLING, D.D., Tokyo, Japan Mis8ionary oj the American Bu.ptist Foreign Mission Society T HE early messengers of the the past year has gone like a flam- Gospel to the Japanese people ing torch across Japan preaching proclaimed it to a mind which the Gospel to the masses. Under was largely environed in simple, his leadership the "Kingdom of serene surroundings. For cen- God Campaign" has been launched turies, custom and courtesy had de- with the goal of a million souls in creed that it was a teacher's pre- Japan for Christ in the next three rogative to teach and the pupil's years. Recently, however, he surplace to listen. In the Meiji era, the students developed an inquir- prised his friends and fellow work- ers in this campaign by accepting ing attitude, but the mind of the the post of Honorary Head of the masses was still cast in an uncriti- Social Welfare Bureau of the City cal mould. Today, however, the of Tokyo with the understanding mind of Japan is alert and active; that he will give ten days a month it is critical and questioning, and to this work. To a group of friends immersed in all the problems which who protested, he replied: "I have harass modern man. preached too much during the past year. I must practice more. This The Gospel of Christ is still the position offers me an opportunity Gospel. The Jerusalem Conference sounded no truer note than when it to demonstrate the Gospel on a declared: "Our message is Jesus large scale and is an integral part Christ. He is the revelation of of the 'Kingdom of God Camwhat God is and of what we may paign.' " through Him become. In Him we Christianity singles out the indi- come face to face with the ultimate vidual and saves him, but its mes- reality of the universal." However, sage and mission reach out beyond we proclaim this Gospel today to the individual and encircle all life.

men with changed minds and liv- Today ours must be a message and ing in a changed world. There a demonstration which comes to must, therefore, necessarily be new grip with the hard, harsh realities emphasis, new applications, and of modern life, and point the way broader and deeper interpretations spiritually, tirst of all, but also eco- of its meaning. Christianity in nomically, industrial and socially Japan today must be a venture in to a tiner and fairer industrial, life. Christian missions, as a prop- social, and world order. Modern aganda, no longer appeal to the man refuses to postpone the rela- Japanese people. Christian mis- tion of his dreams until he passes sions as a practical illustration of on to the great unknown. Con- Jesus' way of life still challenge sciously and unconsciously he and grip them. Preaching is still prays: "Thy kingdom come. Thy necessary but preaching alone is will be done as in heaven so in not enough. earth." And in his thinking he Kagawa, the inimitable, during underscores So in earth, and yearns 91

to see the Kingdom come and pre- tion and race, the disentangled vail in all the life around him. Christ of the Gospels.

Moreover, the ethnic faiths have Christianity in Japan today must elaborate systems of ethics and keep its feet on the ground and morals and a philosophy of life come to grips with life in all its vicariously and laboriously worked ramifying phases, but its head and out across centuries of intense heart must lay hold of the unseen. mental struggle and soul-agonizing It must never be so absorbed in the things of this world that it drifts experiences. These faiths are to- out of touch with the other world, day sponsored by some of the best loses the vision of the unseen and minds and the purest spirits in Ja- fails to grip the things which are pan and the Orient. They cannot be ignored. Christianity must meet ultimate and eternal. In their these cultures on their own ground heart of hearts the Japanese are and demonstrate its supremacy, mystical, and no religion which its sufficiency and its uniqueness in misses the mystical in its message the realm of reality, life and pres- and experience will win them. ent day needs. It is the Christ of Calvary that Furthermore, Japan wants a dis- moves the Japanese heart. The cross still challenges and captures entangled Christianity. Across the the human heart for God. But it years Western Christianity has is not the cross which is pictured formed entangling alliances which in art with clinging vines and paralyze it in this land as a pioneering, conquering faith. Compromis- smiling flowers. It is a cross ruging entanglements with capitalism, ged and rough hewn. It is a cross secularism, denominationalism and aflame with the passion of His nationalism raise high barriers to great soul and crimson with His its progress among this thoughtful, discriminating people. Japan and rich, red blood-the cruel, climatic the Orient want Christianity but cross of Calvary. they want a Christianity stripped of these robings, and disentangled What was true of Christ is true from these hindering, crippling al- of us. An easy-going, passionless, liances. sacrificeless, bloodless service will never win Japan for Christ. The Not long ago the writer listened call is for something of sterner and to a veteran Japanese pastor mak- sturdier stuff. The call is that our ing a passionate plea for a "naked preaching and teaching and serv- Christ." He pled for a Christ un- ing shall be backed by a personaladorned with the wrappings and ity consciously centered in God and labellings of sect and class, of na- shot through with high heroism and the spirit of bleeding sacrifice.

GIFT What can I give Him Poor as I am?

If I were a shepherd I would bring Him a lamb; If I were a wise man I would do my part; Yet what I can I give Him, Give my heart.

-Rosetti.

IN CHINESE

Chinese Christians Petition Their Government for Greater Religious Liberty SUPPORTERS of missions in article as prohibiting voluntary re- China have watched with ligious instruction in schools lower growing concern the demands than senior middle, we are bound to of the Nationalist Government that feel that these restrictions are of such religion should be excluded from a nature as to make it necessary for all Christian schools. We have re- the majority or our church schools ceived from the Rev. A. R. Kepler, to discontinue . . . It is unanimously D.D., General Secretary of the felt that the circumstances compel us General Assembly of The Church to protest and to submit the following of Christ in China, the text of the reasons for our position for your con- sideration.

Petition which the General Coun- First, the purpose of the Church in cil of the Church, upon recommen- conducting schools is to nurture dation of its Board of Education, Christ-like personality, to serve soci- addressed to the National Govern- ety and state . . . This can be realized ment, protesting against the regu- to the highest degree, we believe, only lations promulgated by the Min- through the gateway of religion. We istry of Education forbidding also are of the firm conviction that the religion in church schools. The religion of Jesus Christ, His teachings Petition is a memorable document, of love, liberty and equality, and His stating the case for religious lib- vIcarious sacrifice, are such as can inerty with such mingled dignity and spire and enable the students to cogency that it is of historic in- achieve the ultimate aim of education terest. We therefore cite its prin- -namely, the development of healthy cipal points, assured of our 'read- and perfect personality. er's recognition of its importance. Se.cond. There has been a strong A. J. B. movement during the last few years in educational circles for the "separation We, the undersigned, are herewith of religion from education" . . .

submitting to you a petition for your But when we consider the real value consideration. The purpose of this of education, we cannot conclude that petition is to request your honorable education without religion is complete.

Ministry to allow all grades of church A full-rounded personality is a per- schools to have elective religious sonality mentally sound and emotion- courses and to permit the primary ally sane. Reason and feeling cannot grades to have the privilege of wor- well be divorced.

ship. Third. In a country like ours, we But when we make a careful study cannot afford to discontinue educa- of the Regulations stating that tional activities. . . .

A private school founded by a religious We believe that religious liberty is body is not permitted to give religion as essential to one's own conscience. In a required subject, nor is religious propa- matters of faith, students have perfect gIfandthaepreermaritetedaniny threelicgliaosussinsetxreurcctiisoens., freedom. We have never trl'ed to "enstudents shall not be compelled or enticed to participate. No religious exer- tice" students in our schools to becises shall be allowed in primary schools; come members of the church. The reason we have religious education is and in view of the official interpreta- to guide the students to get a right tion put on the first sentence of said start in their lives. To share such re- 93

sponsibilities with the Government, church primary schools to have the we maintain, is the duty of patriotic privilege of worship. citizens and should not be prohibited . . . We have religious instruction (Signed) Church of Christ in China, and worship in our schools, because Methodist Episcopal Church, Ameriwe are of the conviction that a full- can Baptist Society. Protestant Episrounded personality cannot be fully copal Church, United Lutheran developed apart from religious ex- Church, Swedish Missionary Union. perience and religious influences . . . Evangelical Church. Church of the Brethren, Rhenish Missionary Society. In short, our church schools have Methodist Protestant Church. Basel religious instruction and worship be- Mission, Unitea Methodist Society. cause we firmly believe that education without religion is incomplete. The Shanghai, China, July 1, 1930. religion of Jesus Christ helps a student to give expression to the things most The Ministry of Education sent beautiful and most idealistic. It does its reply to the foregoing Petition not close the mind of an intelligent on July 24, and a translation was student, but guides him to understand received a month later. the true meaning of life, a life that is for the well-being of others. • . . Your petition requesting that all grades of church and mi&sion schools Dr. Sun fought a good fight for our be permitted to have elective religious country for over forty years. He was courses and primary schools to have educated in church schools, and even the privilege of worship. has been reon his deathbed he proclaimed that ceived. Upon consideration of the he was a Christian. He did not re- points raised in your petition. we find gard religion as something which would make one blind to knowledg£. them not free from misunderstand- He did not suspect church schools as ing. Let us consider these points seriinstitutions to drug youth and make them apathetic. Because he knew the atim … essence of the religion of Jesus Christ and the functions of church schools, To sum up: There is not only one he whole-heartedly supported Chris- religion. If we allow each religion in tian institutions to even the last mo- the name of education to vie one with ment when he was in this world. Why the other to propagate religion. the should his followers act contrary to natural tendency will be to create di- visions and strife. The Ministry. of his intention? Education. in order to guard against It is deemed necessary and our duty such a possible future calamity, is obliged to impose these restrictions to call the attention of your honorable which do not apply only to Christi- Ministry to all these facts and reasons as above stated. The consequences anity but to the other religions as of the Regulations and of the official well. . interpretation thereof will mean education exclusively without religion, Hence to have elective religious the closing down of a majority of our courses in junior middle schools and schools, and the loss of opportunity to have the privilege of worship in for an education to thousands of chil- primary schools embodies obstacles too dren and young people. Can our coun- difficult to permit the Ministry to try afford such consequences at the grant the request. Moreover, we hope present moment? We, therefore, sin- that you will consider in a sympathetic cerely hope that your honorable Min- way this our humble opinion regardistry will reconsider the whole matter ing the restriction upon propagation and so modify the article in question of religion in schools. Let this be conas to allow all grades of church schools sidered final and not subject to further to have religious instruction and review.

(Signed) MOLING TSIANG, Minister of Education.

SUFFER IN

BY AN OLD WORKER IN HUNAN PROVINCE T HIS large and important city Karakan, the Russian or Red Am- of Changsha, the capital of bassador at Peking, and was dili- Hunan Province wit h its gently spread all over the land. It twenty-two million population, the was brought violently into Central city itself having some half mil- China, and especially Hunan, Hu- lion, has been through a terrifying peh and Kiangsi Provinces, in experience in the hands of a small 1926, when the Southern Army army of Reds. came fro m Canton, headed by The opposing army of regular Tsiang Kai Shik, and officered by soldiers was too small, only 6,000, Russians, principally Borodin and against 20,000 well armed Reds, Galen. Later, after Nanking had who ring the changes heavily on been raided, and captured, the Rusthe word qinu-tenu or "equal- sian faction was cast off, but the ity," and lure many to their net. evil seed had been sown widely and This city has fifteen Christian we have since that time seen the institutions, the first of which bad harvests. The "Reds" have came a year or so after the Boxer taken and held the small border Uprising of 1900 – China Inland cities of three provinces, and have Mission, since turned over to the been in Ping-kiang and Liu-yang, Liebenzeller Mission (the German for a period. Taking advantage of branch); Christian and Mission- this time, when so many of the ary Alliance, since turned over to Hunan soldiers were north fighting the Evangelical Mission; the Lon- against the coalition of older gen- don Mission, taken over by the erals north of the Yangtze River, Presbyterian Mission after the they made an effort to get into this home call of Griffith John; Nor- larger city, take ransom, and se- wegian Mission; Swedish Mission; cure arms, so much needed.

Wesleyan Mission; American Epis- They broke through the small copal Mission; and the Hunan opposing army, and on July 27th, Bible Institute, a branch of the In- entered this city on the eastern stitute at Los Angeles; B lin d side. Their awful presence was Girls' School, a branch of the soon noted by burnings all over the Liebenzeller Mission; Norwegian entire city.

Mission Hospital; Yale Hospital, All yamens and official places, residences and chapel; Faith Or- and records were burned, the many phanage, and the Broadcast Tract prisoners were released, to become Press, largely supported by the handy agents of the Reds. Later Galilee Baptist Church of Denver, the foreign hongs and residences, and supplying Gospel tracts in the and many of the missions, were eighteen provinces. either looted, burned, or given to There is also the cathedral and the mob for their pleasure.

orphanage work of the Italian Ro- The mission suffering the most man Catholics, and the Seventh was the China Inland Mission Day Adventists. where eighteen foreigners were 10- Communism came into China cated, ten being absent at the time.

some twenty-five years ago, through All lost their entire personal effects 95

and homes, except Dr. and Mrs. wrecked, and foreigners (absent at Eitel, and Miss E. Fischer, of the the time) lost all they had there. Hospital. The explanation of this, and the sparing of the Yale Hos- The Roman Catholic cathedral pital, seems to have been that the and orphanage were b rut a II y Reds needed doctors and medicine. treated, the "father" in charge Superintendent and Mrs. Witt and taken captive, but soon released children, Mr. and Mrs. Wohlleber, for a small money payment, and Mr. and Mrs. Steybe and children, the 190 orphan girls there were R. Hildenbrand and wife, Mr. O. L. also robbed of all they had. So far Fuhrmann and Misses C. C. Den- we can learn of no particular misninghoff and H. S. Roller lost all treatment of women and girls, but they had. much news is still uncertain.

By the looting of the Blind The Bible Institute, being large School, Dr. E. E. Witt and wife, and cool, was made the head- Misses Valsel and Fortsmeier lost quarters of the Reds, and so, with all, and the blind children, some the valuable Scofield books of Pasforty in number, were robbed of tor Cheng Chi Kuei, escaped ruin, everything, even to basins and and their flight was so hasty on toothbrushes. The Inland Mission the entrance, early August 5th of church building, a large structure, the army, that they did not fire the was entirely stripped, even to the buildings. woodwork of windows and doors. Missions escaping this time were The Evangelical Mission lost all the Institute, the Taylor Hospital, contents of buildings and chapel the Yale Hospital, though damaged on the new Dr. Sun Road, but their slightly, the Wesleyan Mission, the Tong-pai Leo property was only Faith Orphanage and the Broaddamaged on the outside. cast Tract Press. These latter are located in the far southeast corner Mr. Lingle, of the Presbyterian of the city, in a quiet spot, away Mission, was the last to escape the from main roads or old city gates, city, getting away Sunday at mid- and principally owe their escape to night. His home, and the two large the smallness and plainness of the school buildings near, are either buildings, mostly Chinese in style, burned or wrecked. This was par- and to the fact that Chinese Costicularly sad, as a "send off" to our tume has been adhered to rigidly veteran worker, for Mr. Lingle will all these years. be seventy next year. He escaped The superintendents were able to to Hankow with a mere hand bag! stay through the entire nerve rack- The Norwegian Mission on the ing nine days, and none of the chil- dren are lost, the tract printing Main Sou t h Gate Street was and Miao booklet work went on all wrecked by the local populace, but two days, and it is a cause of egged on by the Red sentinels at great praise and gratitude to God the door. The Swedish Mission, located three blocks further north, that so much is saved. Some for- eigners are now reentering the was passed by. city, the Reds being driven out by The Wesleyan Mission had their a large Nationalist army. The rains fell in time to allow nine gunsafe rifled, but the large Episcopal boats of four nations to assemble Mission, with its foreign cut stone here. We hope for better times. church building, on the Main Nor t h Gate street, was badly

INDIAN VIEW OF CHRISTIAN

BY THE REV. B. C. ISHWARDAS, Ludhiana, India W HEN speaking in different India"; and this new creation, as churches in America during it is growing in age, experience the last six weeks, I have and vitality, is demanding equal been asked such questions as the rights, better treatment, and freefollowing: "What is the future of dom of action. Similarly – the the Foreign Mission work in In- foreign missionary, through Chrisdia? tian message and influence, has created a "Christian India." This "Has the time come when the too as it is growing in size, life, Foreign Mission enterprise should and experience, is demanding come to an end?

"Is the Indigenous C h u r c h strong enough to take the work into its own hands?"

These questions have been asked with a desire to know the real situation. I therefore undertake to give some personal experiences and facts that will give a fairly wellbalanced viewpoint of the things as they s tan d in India today. There are some Indians in America who undertake to misinterpret and undermine the Foreign Mission enterprise.

At times individual missionaries have committed serious mistakes, but the wonder is that, being for- eign, they have not made greater TIlE HEV. E. C. IRIIWARDAS hI unders. 0 n the 0 ther hand they An Indian Christian Studying at Princeton have done a yoeman service in the creation of a "New India." Their greater scope for self-development services in the realm of education, and self-expression wit h i n the breaking down of caste, abolishing Church. This is a period of transi- untouchability, and instilling a tion and a time of devolution and democratic spirit into the Indian readjustment. A new church conpeople, are very real. They have sciousness is in evidence all over been pioneer fighters in battles the country and particularly in against moral, social and religious large centers. The Indian wants evils which have been great ene- to change his mode of worship, mies of India's happiness and style of church architecture and progress. But the greatest of all methods of evangelization. He be- these services is the establishment lieves in what he calls an Indian of the Church of Christ in India. approach to India. The British Government, through This state of affairs has at times western influence. education, and created unpleasantness between culture, has created the "Modern the foreign and the national work- 2 ~

er, but let it be said to the credit The work of Christianizing India of the missionary that in many is not completed. Foreign Miscases he has shown a magnani- sions are entering a new tract mous spirit, and given evidence of which so far they have not covered broad vision and outlook by giving -a new scene in this great drama. the nationals more responsible po- The audience has changed, and now sitions and greater scope for de- the drama is to be performed bevelopment. Recently the North fore a crowd which intellectually, India Presbyterian Mission passed morally and spiritually is awaka resolution to the effect that it is ened. It is "New India." "Old prepared to work under the direc- things are passed away, behold all tion of the North India Synod of things are become new." Therefore the United Indian Church. These what kind of missionary is lleeded forward steps should make us lift to cope with this new situation? I our eyes to God in praise and cannot describe him better than in thanksgiving that a strong Indian the words of a great Indian Chrisleadership is springing up to shoul- tian leader: "He should be ac- quainted with the religious books der the evangelistic responsibilities and literature of the people among in India. The time is coming when whom he works. We should raise the mantle' of the foreign Elijah workers of this grade in India as will fall on the Indian Elisha. This well as in the West. England and is well since the objective before America and other "sending" coun- Foreign Missions is to found a tries should send us workers with strong indigenous Church which deep scholarship backed by deep ultimately will undertake the evan- religious experience; this will be gelization of India. a potent force in permeating the mass. I plead for consecrated men Has that time come? Should the and women for our work. What foreign missionaries in India pack we need today is emphasis, not on up and buy their ticket for London Western culture, but on Jesus and New York? Emphatically No! Christ as the divine Saviour and Foreign Missions are entering Satisfier of all our spiritual needs upon a new era in India. India and longings. We need to emphahas just begun to appreciate Jesus size Jesus as a living reality. Edu- cation makes the educated Indians Christ. He who was a Melick (un- lose their faith in their ancestral touchable) to a Hindu forty years religion. Unless Christian workers ago has taken the highest place in supply this void, these classes will India's life and thought. He today is being secretly worshipped by drift." thousands of India's sons and There wall a time in India when daughters. He who was once despised and hated, because of his as- Christ was despised and hat e d. sociation with western race and Then came a time when India becivilization, is rising above all ra- gan to understand him better and cial, cultural and national barriers and is appearing in India in true tolerate him. Today we are in the colors-the Christ, the Son of the midst of an India which admires Living God. India has begun to Christ, and the eye of faith sees realize the matchless beauty and how this esteem may eventually the 8aving power of the divine lead India to accept Him as Lord. Nazm'ene. I strongly believe that India is

AN INDIAN VIEW OF CHRISTIAN MISSIONS

passing through the cross-experi- Chr-ist in a foreign country and ence which will lead her to the among a foreign people. Some of Crucified One. them are camping in the villages Here is a challenge and an op- these cold winter months, and pass portunity. Will those who have on words of cheer and comfort to been supporting Foreign Mission the Indian villagers. In spite of work in India close their fists and separation from the i rhome, decline to give any more? No, friends, and civilization, there is a there is yet a second mile to be glow on their faces because they covered. It is a great opportunity have the joy of telling the old, old and a rare privilege to share in story to the masses of India. I the establishment of God's king- think of one who has now been the dom on earth. If you have given head of that great college in North less in the past, give more now be- India for the last twelve years, cause you see very definite results pouring out his life to influence on the field. India does need more the youth of the Punjab for Christ.

missionaries but of the type de- I think of another, old in years but scribed. Men and women are called young in spirit, sitting at his desk who are especially prepared to late hours in the night in an effort meet the new situation and who to solve some of the pressing prob- go to India not as superiors but lems of the mission and the Church equals; not as patrons but broth- today. I think of another, young ers; not as teachers only, but as in years but old in wisdom and un- learners too; not obsessed with derstanding~a teacher in a theo- their own cultural and national logical college – inspiring candi- ideas but seeing goodness and dates preparing for the ministry.

beauty wherever it is found; not I can never forget the words of his preachers of a civilization but of mother in whose home I stayed in Jesus, the Son of God and His America: "I have two boys and teachings; not merely as destroy- both are missionaries in India. My ers but as builders. Such men and heart is there. I love India and her women will accomplish a great deal people."

for the Master in India. In the I am reminded of another woman words of Bishop Bradley; "He who who is gloriously laboring for the would live in India must love deep- Master, a leader, an exemplary ly; he who would work here must character, and a skilful surgeon- toil patiently; he who would suc- taking young girls from the towns ceed here must do so humbly." and villages of India and molding We praise God for all that has them into women of character, been done for Christ in India vision and usefulness. These are a through the missionaries. Let this few of my many faithful servants be an incentive to remobilize our of the Cross who are proclaiming Christian forces and keep march- Christ to India's millions. We In- ing on until we have conquered all dians thank God for these lives.

the unoccupied territory and have The home Church, may well be established a strong indigenous faithful to these messengers who Indian Church. are obeying the last commandment As I write I think of those heroic of the Master Who said, "Go ye men and women who have gone into all the world and preach the out from America to witness for Gospel to every nation."

ON CHURCH UNION IN

T HE following manifesto on difference towards them. The exist- Church Union issued over the ence of denominations tends to retard signatures of nearly 170 lead- the growth of Christian experience ing Indian Christian clergy and and limit the scope of its expression laymen in India, will be read with in those ways of thought and life much interest: which are more normal to the peo- ple. The Indian has always stressed The divisions of Christendom have "Bhakti" and feels that through faith been a great stumbling block to many. in God his highe£t feelings can best They have stood in the way of the be expressed rather than through effective spread of the Gospel. In the dogma. A United Church, free from providence of God, South India has the bonds of the present separated de- been called to lead in the matter of nominations, will provide a congenial Church Union. Already some earnest atmosphere for the Indian expression men have spent considerable time and of Christianity.

toil in thinking over the problem and We have further to remember that a we pray and hope that as the result the United Church of South India of this toil definite step forward must form an integral part of the will be taken. Universal Church and whatever is of Even as early as 1892, Kali Charan abiding value in her must be con- Banerji, of Calcutta, urged in the De- served here.

cennial Missionary Conference, Bom- In the absence of any other scheme bay, that immediate steps should be and in view of the fact that the pres- taken for church union. There was ent scheme provides ample room for considerable opposition from mission- development and also the possibility aries at the conference and his at- of Union with other churches, we tempt fell through. urge our fellow Christians in South This urge for union has become India to accept the present scheme deeper and stronger with time as all as early as possible for further nego- over India in all the fields of life tiation. The present scheme, whether there is a marked longing to compose perfect or nllt, certainly affords a differences, such as those between dif- working basis and such changes as ferent communities. It is felt by all are felt to be absolutely necessary can that the attainment of unity is funda- be introduced.-National Missionary mental for India's progress. This de- InteZligencer, Madras.

sire vigorously expresses itself in the Indian Church as a movement for COMMISSIONED church union. It may also be said that the desire for union is in keeping Out from the realm of the glory-light with the snirit of tolerance of differ- Into the far-away land of night, ent forms- of belief that has been Out from the bliss of worshipful Son characteristic of the people of India. Into the pain of hatred and wrong, Further, Christians in India are free Out from the holy rapture above from those memories of historical Into the grief of rejected love, struggles which the Christians of the Out from the life of the Father's side west have inherited from their past. Into the death of the crucified, Out of high honour and into shame, The theological dogmas accepted by The Master willingly, gladly came: western Churche£ have not dominated And now, since He may not suffer anew, the Indian mind as they have not been As the Father sent Him, so sendeth He indigenous, and the attitude of the Indian Christian has been one of in- you. -Henry W. Frost, D.D.

100

NEXT STEPS IN HOME

Recommendations of the Home Missions Congress that Met in Washington, D. C., December 1-5, 1930 IN TOWN AND COUNTRY-Home We request the cooperation of Missions Boards should be urged to the Publication agencies, both de- make wider use, in rural home mis- nominational and interdenomina- sion fields, of college and seminary tional, on this important task in students for summer service, as a the field of religious education.

sound and effective method of re- We recommend that the South- cruiting for the rural ministry ern Mountain problem be consid- and other full-time Christian life ered as an integral part of the ru- service. ral problem, the difference being Theological seminaries and Bible in degree and not in kind.

schools, not now offering such op- Because of the rapid changing portunity, should be urged to pro- conditions which are bringing the vide in their curriculum courses modern world into the mountains for training pastors for rural with all the perplexing adjust- leadership. ments to be made, the need of the State Universities and agricul- Southern Mountains is more im- tural colleges should be encouraged portant and urgent today than ever to follow the example of the Uni- before. versity of California in inviting the pastors of the state to be the The principles of comity and co- guests of the university or college operation already r e cog n i zed for several days at the experimen- among the constituent boards of tal farm, for the purpose of becom- the Home Missions Council should ing better acquainted with the be especially observed in the ad- problems and needs of agriculture ministration of our mountain pro- and country life. gram and that steps be taken im- We request the Home Missions mediately to adjust the situations Council to consider the feasibility where such principles are not al- of preparing a report or statement, ready in operation.

in pamphlet form, for all denomi. The Home Missions Council nations, covering the spiritual, so- should again urge upon its constit- cial, educational and economic con- uent boards favorable considera- ditions obtaining in American tion of the larger parish type of country life, for use in seminary organization, both on a denomina- classes, discussion groups, schools tional and on an interdenomina- for town and country ministers, tional basis, as one practical meth- and in other chvrch groups con- od of solving the church situation cerned with the rural situation. in many rural fields.

Rural people find it very difficult We recommend that the Home to adapt the complex large-scale Missions Council add to its staff a system of religious education to person qualified for interdenomi· the small-scale churches, and are national service to town and coun- not receiving adequate assistance try churches, especially for denom- and guidance at this point. inations whose size and resources 101

do not warrant full-time rural life Resolved, That the purpose of departments and secretaries. the Home Missions Council and the VVhereas there are large areas Council of Women for Home Mis- of the country with tens of thou- sions to provide religious educa- sands of people whose spiritual tion directors in all government welfare is sadly neglected and for reservation and nonreservation whose Christian welfare no re- schools is hereby commended; that sponsibility is now assumed, we they be requested to work out a urgently request the Home Mis- suggested course of religious in- sions Council to use its services for struction for these schools; and furnishing ministry to such areas. that the boards represented in THE INDIANS-Our task is pre- these two Councils be asked to eminently spiritual-the bringing finance this cooperative piece of of every Indian into allegiance work.

with our Lord and Saviour for Resolved, That the question of worship and service in His King- overlapping and unreached areas dom, that with Christians of other be referred to the Joint Committee races they may interpret and ac- on Indian Work, and that all miscept the full meaning of His Lord- sion boards be urged to face courship in their' lives. ageously the steps necessary to consolidate the work on certain Those who work among Indians should be urged and aided to study fields, to reinforce that on others, their cultural, religious and eco- and to begin the new pieces of nomic background; their present status and future possibilities; and work needed. that they be equipped with at least a conversational knowledge of the THE NEGROES-This group of language of the tribes among Americans number twelve million whom they minister. souls. They have wrapped in them powers and possibilities which, if Conferences of mISSIOnaries wisely directed, will be numbered among Indians should be arranged, among America's most valued and bringing the various missionaries dependable assets in the years together for the better formulae ahead. tion of a comprehensive missionary program. To deny justice and fair play to an American because of color or As Christian workers, who seek race is as pagan as the caste dishis highest good, we should use tinctions of India are un-Christian.

our utmost endeavors to discour- The Church must take a proage all exploitation and commer- nounced stand on the question of cializing of the Indian as a curious fairness and justice to the Negro as an American citizen. Unless relic of barbarism. Resolved, That this Congress this step be taken it is now plainly cannot favor any permanent policy evident that the more intelligent of segregation for Indians. We Negro will lose confidence in the advocate the use of mission funds type of Christianity which Amerifor the training of promising In- can Protestantism seeks to prodian youths for Christian service mote.

in the various professions and call- We recommend that the Mission ings that demand higher educa- Boards continue to strengthen and tion. develop their colleges and second-

THE NEXT STEPS IN HOME MISSIONS

ary schools as needed for Negroes unitedly face the question as to how they can render assistance to in the South. Haiti. We note with deep regret that We call attention to the areas the young people who are in train- unoccupied by any evangelical ing in Negro colleges are not turning in large numbers to the gospel church in Cuba, the Dominican Reministry. While it requires more public, Haiti, and to a lesser extent than 1,600 new men annually to in Porto Rico. fill Negro pulpits, yet there are not more than 100 college and semi- We believe that the greatest need nary men annually graduated to of our evangelical schools in these fill these vacancies. Immediate countries is to shift their emphasis steps should be taken to get into from classical training to a curricthe thinking of our Negro young men the claims of the gospel min- ulum which will definitely train istry, its marvelous opportunities students to meet the great probfor the exercise of the best talents lems which are holding back the with which God has endowed them development of their countries. and the unparalleled openings for We register our profound conservice for Christ and humanity. viction concerning the necessity of THE WEST INDIES-It is a source a larger program for Christian literature in the West Indies, apof satisfaction to find that after pealing to each one of the Boards some thirty years of work in Cuba to definitely provide in their budgand Porto Rico the national ele- ets for this work, especially along ments have developed to such an cooperative lines which have alextent that Mission Boards are ready been established. now able to find their superintendents from among the national ele- OUR JEWISH AND CHRISTIAN REments from which come practically LATIONSHIps-The fact that there is a larger number of Jews in all the pastors of churches. Porto Rico has one of the best America than in any other land and that the pressure of secular cooperative missionary programs civilization has withdrawn the main any part of the world. It has jority of them from the religious been in operation for thirty years life of Judaism, creates a situation of great responsibility for all who and now includes a splendid Union are concerned with the spiritual- Theological Seminary, Union Press life of our people and especially for those who believe, as we do, and Union Paper, an annual con- that for the individual as well as ference of workers and, in fact, a for the nation, Christ holds the continued working together of keys of life. evangelical forces along all lines. The development of cooperation in We desire to put on record our Cuba is an essential need of the goodwill and friendly feeling towork in making Cuba Christian. ward the Jewish people; we de- Now that the Haitian people plore the long record of injustice are about to assume the whole re- and ill-usage of the Jews on the sponsibility for developing them- part of professedly Christian peoselves educationally, economically, pIe; we declare such conduct to be socially, as well as politically, it a violation of the teaching and seems to be of special importance spirit of Christ. It is Our privi. that the evangelical forces should lege to present Christ to our Jew-

ish brethren and to share with We are convinced that there is them the riches which we have an overwhelming need for Social found in Him Who loved us and Service Centres, as well as for suitgave Himself for us. We reaffirm ably equipped churches, with adethe declaration of the Jerusalem quately trained leadership, and in meeting in its application to the some cases Mission Schools among Jew as to all men: "In this world, the Mexicans, and a vast field for bewildered and groping for its work among the Migrant Groups. way . . . we proclaim our message. Our message is Jesus We recommend that our Home Christ." The aim of the Church Agencies make a careful reevaluamust be to interpret Christ to the tion of the various projects com- Jew in all the splendor of His char- posing the Home Mission task with acter, His teaching, and His work. the view of adjusting budget ap- But this involves not only words propriations in a way that will but the whole life. more adequately meet the challenge in Mexican and Spanish-speaking In this realm of relations be- work.

tween Jews and Christians we rec- Since race prejudice is the great- est obstacle to our Home Mission ognize the need and importance of work and very seriously retards our efforts to evangelize the Spana new literature to interpret the ish-speaking peoples in our midst, we most urgently call upon our Jewish people and their religion American churches to manifest a greater Christian spirit in their to Christians and Christ and Chris- personal contacts with the Mexi- can immigrant. tianity to the Jews. Such litera- Migrant Groups. We recommend ture must be positive, scholarly, a larger Interdenominational Coand mellowed by the spirit of sym- operation with special emphasis pathetic understanding. We rec- upon Promotional work through ommend that the Home Missions the various Boards to local denomi- Council endeavor to secure the co- national units, such as local supoperation of related agencies in port of migrant projects through the production and circulation of evangelistic effort, housing and sosuch literature. cial contacts for workers and vol- unteer service. THE MEXICANS, MIGRANTS AND ORIENTALS – Among the foreign- We recommend federal, state speaking peoples within the bor- and community cooperation in ders of this country the Mexicans service through boards of health, and Spanish-speaking p e 0 pIe s education, labor, agriculture and stand among the first as constitut- other existing organizations. ing the outstanding challenge and opportunity for Home Mission We suggest that special atten- Work. Mexicans are best reached tion be given to the health, housby those types of work which have ing and sanitation of these migrant proved successful in evangelization groups seeking to improve said of other races, and the results of conditions. We suggest a survey such work are truly surprising as of employment agencies with a seen in the 375 Mexican Evangeli- view to securing the establishment cal churches in the. United States, with more than 26,000 members whose total offerings exceed $150,- 000 annually.

of federal agencies for the em- munities are without the regular ployment of the groups with local preaching of the gospel. Colpor- cooperation with said agencies. teurs and Sunday-school mission- We heartily endorse the ideals of aries should be sent into the un- the recent White House Conference churched regions of Mormondom relative to migratory child labor with a loving, Gospel message.

and education. We recommend that the denomi- Orientals. There is need of a national superintendents in Utah nation-wide program for Christian be constituted a steering commit- contacts with Chinese, Japanese tee to formulate plans and policies and Filipinos as well organized to be presented to the Home Mis- and effectively carried on as that sion Boards interested in Utah.

on the Pacific Coast where the Christian academies now operat- councils of superintendents have ing in Utah should be permanently attained a very successful coopera- maintained and a d e qua; tel y tion and a fairly adequate cover- equipped for the Christian train- ing of the field. ing of both Gentile and Mormon In our judgment the denomina- young people.

tional boards may well continue FOR ALASKA – We recommend their separate work in centers of that the Joint Committee on Alaska large Oriental population while in of the Home Missions Council and smaller centers the responsibility the Council of Women for Home might well be allocated to a single Missions be instructed to complete board but the large number of its study of the unreached and widely scattered small groups neglected portions of Alaska with could wisely be cared for by a cen- a view to assigning to mission tral unified administration employ- boards now operating in Alaska ing a traveling evangelist. responsibility for such areas.

It is our strong conviction that We recommend the tentative the discriminatory legislation in plans of the Joint Committee to our Immigration Law, which is a hold several conferences with great hindrance to our Christian Christian workers in Alaska next work and an obstacle to interna- summer and we express the hope tional peace, be changed so that that these conferences may result equal and just treatment be ex- in a better understanding of the tended to all the peoples of the work and a fresh approach to- world. We respectfully request ward the evangelization of the that Congress give this matter im- whole territory.

mediate and sympathetic consid- Having learned that there is eration. danger that large commercial in- MORMONISM TODAY-The Protes- terests may secure virtual control tant Church should recognize that of the reindeer herds of Alaska, it has a very definite responsibility thereby depriving the Eskimos of within Mormon territory. It is their economic independence, and twofold-to care for the growing of the cultural and salutary effects Gentile constituency and to preach of native ownership, we urge the the gospel to the Mormon people. Federal Government to take every Seven large counties in Utah re- possible step to protect these de- main without a single Protestant fenseless natives in the ownership church and several hundred com- of the deer,

NEED OF THE CHURCH

BY THE REV. CHARLES L. GOODELL, D.D., New York EzeouUve Secretary of the OommUS1011. on Evangelism a.nd Life Servioe. Fe4era~ Council at Ohurches at Ohri.t in America I F ONE were sailing leisurely you call it, is the mightiest thing over a smooth sea, resting at in moving human life and effort. his ease in a cushioned deck But if the pulpit has ceased to chair on the deck of the Corsair, dwell upon sin, its place has been or amid the elegance of any other taken by other agencies which one multi-millionaire's yacht, and some would think might be less seriously ocean steamer should come along concerned. Scientists have been and the Captain cry frantically, showing us that sin is an ancient "Dive into the sea and we will pick heritage which must be fought by you up I" one would probably an- tooth and nail. 0 n e so-called swer, "Thank you, but I am very "modernist" has affirmed t hat comfortable where I am, and see "novelists have written no great no reason to risk life or limb or novel that does not swirl around clothes in such an episode." If, on some central sin." And now the the other hand, you had been drift- psychologists dig down into the ing for days clinging to a slippery unremembered thoughts of men to mast, famished and thirsty, likely bring into the light the origins of to drop at any moment into the our spiritual miseries in frustrated buffeting sea, you would use every and suppressed desire. power of your feeble breath to We do not need artificially to claim attention of the passing ship conjure up a sense of sin. All we that you might yet be saved. need is to open our eyes to facts.

If, as some tell us, the sense of Since sin is the most ubiquitous sin as well as the fact of it, has thing in the universe and has lost disappeared, and sin itself is only none of its power or venom since righteousness in the making; that Cain saw it crouching like a wild good men are not as good as they heast at his door; since Oedipus think they are, and the bad men and Samson realized the ruin it are not as bad as they might be, wrought, and since the last man there seems little reason why one who sinned against "the nature of should concern himself about Him things," which is another name for of whom it was said, "His name God, cried out, "Oh wretched man shall be called Jesus for He shall that I am, who shall deliver me save His people from their sins." from the body of this death," it Were the old affirmations which would rather look as though the were thundered from the pulpits biggest thing with w h i c h the in our boyhood false alarms? We Church could concern itself would do not hear as much as we once did be the eradication of this terrific from our preachers concerning the catastrophe and the salvation of dread reality of sin. Indeed, Mat- those who are its victims.

thew Arnold years ago took Emer- Men are not satisfied with platison to task because he paid little tudes. Cold theologies are not attention to that great fact in hu- enough. Jesus said, "The words man life, which, by whatever name that I speak unto you, they are 106 spirit and they are life." And it The first thing is to have some re- is for that Spirit and Life that ligion that can be applied. It is people are waiting. the changed heart that makes the In his latest book, "Pathways to changed life. It is the life from Certainty," Professor Will i a m above which transforms the life Adams Brown has a chapter on which is "of the earth earthy," and "The Christian Way of Dealing makes it something divine and With Sin." He says, "By its suc- mighty for good. This is the mes- cess in dealing with evil every re- sage which must go forth from the ligion must in the last analysis be pulpit. There are many things judged. The great religions have which ministers are discussing to- been religions of redemption. It day which are interesting from a is in the cross that Christians of speculative standpoint but there is every age have found the ground nothing at the end of them. The of their brightest hope, for in the preacher marches up the hill and cross they have seen God dealing the n marches down again, but with evil and overcoming it." there is no victory. There is no The Evangel of Christ thrilling sense of spiritual tri- umph. There is no awakening of The Evangel of the Son of God such impulses as moved out from has long been proclaimed to the the day of Pentecost until the world. It is the Good News of whole world felt their power and salvation from sin and, as good Rome itself gave way before a news, it is as true now as it ever force which she did not understand was. It is a comfort to know that and which she could not overthrow.

amid all human mutations there We have been talking abo u t are great abiding facts and experi- truth but in academic fashion. The ences which never change. Over only kind of truth that amounts to against a religion that some men anything is truth which lays hold strive night and day to bring "up- upon the soul. That is something to-date," there is another Religion more than a speCUlation. It is a that is as changeless as its Author, certainty and the world today is Who is "the same yesterday, today seeking religious certainty. When and forever." The same power the man who knows most does the that conquered sin in Cresar's time least, every sensible man says that, conquers it now. The evangelism if necessary, he would better know for to day is the evangelism of less and do more. Because we have Jesus Christ that bears fruit in not made truth evangelistic, be- changed lives. Those persistent cause life is not struck through convictions which have recurred and dripping with spiritual power, from age to age mark its evangel we are lamenting the dearth of as a vital experience. conversions in America, the pau- We need to realize that the city of both numerical and spir- w 0 r d Evangelism connotes some- itual results. W hat is true in t h i n g more than an emotional America is true around the world.

experience. Home training, Chris- It is only where the missionary ac- tian education-all that help make cent is thrilling with the same character-are a part of evangel- power that the first missionaries ism. knew that dark continents are en- We talk about "applied religion." lightened and darkened souls be-

hold Him Who is the Light of the to face the cares and denials and world. When it comes to mystic sorrows of life and to conquer them speculation, the religionists of the through a wisdom and power East are more than our match. In greater than their own. The res- the midst of fears and question- thetic may minister to the sense of ings which f air 1y stagger the beauty, but it ministers to the world, shall we fail to bring forth soul's development only when it is that blessed evangel of light and the shrine and mouthpiece of life which Jesus said would meet spiritual consecration.

every human need and overthrow Perhaps there was never a time evils which had smitten the world when the ministry of America had for ages with a blasting force? a broader training in human wis- The Message of the Pulpit dom. It is familiar with history, philosophy and theology; but our We must recast the message of schools of the prophets must be the pulpit, and recast the life of the center of a spiritual devotion the churches, if we are to lead our if they are to make mighty the generation up to God. In the last messages of human wisdom. Our few months, I have seen a score of ministers must he something other churches whose cost was in the t han "pickers~up of philosophic aggregate more than a million dol- trifles," or expert promoters and lars each. What is the value of organizers and money getters. Is ecclesiastical architecture if there it not time for the prophetic note is within it no Shekinah, if the fires which only can unfold the glorious upon those altars have gone out evangel?

and men stand shivering in doubt Long ago an earnest prophet and fear, whereas, by humbler al- cried, "Woe is me for I am undone, tars, their fathers glowed with because I am a man of unclean warmth in the triumphs of faith? lips, and dwell in the midst of a When marble stands in the way of people of unclean lips; for mine men, the marble must go. When eyes have seen the King, the Lord form has become powerless, forms of Hosts." When the prophet had must go to the scrap heap. seen that vision something was We pass across England, we see sure to happen. It was then that the ruin of a stately cathedral. Its there came the touch of a live coal towers are crumbling, its roof has from off the altar and the voice fallen in, its walls are mossgrown, of the Lord saying, "Whom shall and its rose window is emptied I send, and who will go for us 1"

of beauty and color. Near by is It would mean the bringing in of a humble chapel. Its structure a new day if from every manse breaks all the laws of architecture and from every pulpit the cry of and, as a building, it ministers to a new devotion should thrill the resthetic mortification instead of lips of every pastor-"Here am I, satisfaction, but on its homely send me." It is such a commit- altars spiritual fires are ablaze; ment on the part of the ministry humble men and women on their and laity that will bring us the knees catch there a new inspira- glorious evangel which the Church tion and from thence they go out so needs today.

PREVENTIONaTHROUGH

AND RELIGIOUS..EDUCATION The Church League, an interchurch than six times the total sum given and international organization with by all churches. headquarters in New York has issued a pronouncement which deals with Lack of Religious Training such a vital subject and contains such Many judges, prison wardens, interesting inf'ormation that we pub- chaplains and others in close touch lish it herewith.-A. J. B. with delinquents and criminals de- Cost of Crime clare that the vast bulk of crime is committed by young men whose C RIME steals 6V2% of the en- home influences have not been tire income of every Ameri- helpful or whose moral and reli- can. "The total annual in- gious training has been neglected.

come of the American people is Of 34 millions of youth in America ninety billion dollars, and a very between five and eighteen years of conservative estimate of the an- age, only about one-half are now nual cost of crime is six billion receiving religious training, either dollars," writes Vincent Cullen, Catholic, Protestant or Jewish.

Vice-President of the National This is a seed-plot of enormous Surety Co., New York. "Half of proportions out of which criminals this $6,000,000,000 annual crime may naturally develop.

waste," says Mr. Cullen, "is lost In a study of this situation, the through theft, burglary, larceny, General Committee of the Church stock frauds, credit frauds, mer- League, decided to appoint a cantile frauds, insurance frauds National Commission on Crime and a thousand and one other Prevention Through Moral and swindles and confidence games. Religious Education. It is not in- The other half is paid in taxes for tended that this Commission should the prevention, prosecution and duplicate any work being done by punishment of crime, including po- other agencies but to supplement lice, prisons, courts, district at- and cooperate with them. The torneys, sheriffs. This anti-crime primary purpose is to enlist and taxation in New York City alone use more fully the religious forces is $60,000,000.00 a year." The in building moral character and enormity of these losses can be thus prevent youth from evil as better understood in contrast with well as criminal careers. Building other costs. The churches of moral character among all youth is America contribute to all purposes the controlling objective. Not only less than one billion dollars an- the prevalence of youthful delin- nually. Public school education quency and crime but all low moral costs just over two billions a year. standards of thought and conduct The budget of the Federal Govern- constitute a challenge to religion.

ment is about four billions of dol- And vital religion must accept the lars. Crime costs as much as the challenge.

public school system and the Fed- After a preliminary study of the eral budget combined, and more situation, this Commission on 109

Crime Prevention presents the fol- it would probably be the most sig- lowing constructive policy and pro- nificant thing accomplished during gram as important steps in meet- that period.

ing this national need and peril. II. Character Education in the I. Religious Education Should Public Schools Should be Encour- Supplement All Public School Edu- aged in every way possible. In cation. As it is not the function Australia there is systematic moral of the State to teach morals and instruction of a non-sectarian religion, and since a knowledge of character given in the public both is essential to the State as schools with the approval of the well as to the home and to the in- various groups, Catholic, Protes- dividual, the different moral and tant and Jewish. It is likely that religious agencies should take steps much more of this can be done in to supplement public school educa- this country than has yet been tion with moral and religious edu- wrought out in actual practice.

cation. Many communities have One of the purposes of this Com- already proved this to be practical, mission is to study with experi- and it should be made universal. enced educators how this can best Public school education is now be done.

costing about $100 per pupil per III. Education of Parents and year. In many communities a sys- Prospective Parents ShOUld be tem of week-day religious educa- Seriously Undertaken to help them tion is now being provided at a cost in the training of their chiidren.

of not over $5.00 per pupil per This should be a regular feature year. It is easily within the power of the program of religious educa- of religious groups to provide such tion in each community. Special education for all youth of the na- immediate influences should also tion. .There are over twenty-four be brought to bear upon all homes millions of pupils enrolled in our from which retarded or delinquent public schools. Even if as many children come. Properly con- as twenty millions of them could ducted work of this type has al- be led to elect religious education ready proved highly successful in in any single year at an average many communities and should be cost of $5.00 per pupil per year, made universal. Special training this would be an annual total cost should be given to workers in this of only one hundred million dol- field.

lars. Religious groups are now IV. Extend Supervised Play and giving nearly ten times this sum Recreation Privileges to All Youth, annually to their present work. Under Trained Leaders. The Weare persuaded that they can churches are only beginning to ap- be led to add from five to ten per preciate the moral value of directed cent to their present gifts in order play and recreation under leaders to provide the youth of the nation of high character and moral pur- with this absolutely essential ele- pose. Play is a universal instinct.

ment in comprehensive education. It is an invaluable outlet for youth- It will require a nation-wide awak- ful energies. It should also be ening to bring this about, but it used to bring boys and girls into should be undertaken seriously. natural friendly personal fellow- Even if it requires ten years to get ship with young men and women the plan into universal operation, whose influence can be of the

1931J CRIME PREVENTION THROUGH RELIGIOUS EDUCATION

greatest value in shaping ideals an expanding program of week- and helping to make personal ad- day religious instruction, the Sun- justments. Through an organized day-schools should become still "youth movement," an effort should more powerful forces than they be made to enlist and train an have ever been in the past, in the army of perhaps one million of the interpretation to youth of the deep- best young men and women of the est problems and possibilities of nation to provide this essential life. The leaders of the Sunday- volunteer leadership and super- school m 0 v e men t deserve and vision to younger boys and girls. should have the fullest possible This should include leaders for Boy sympathy and cooperation of all and Girl Scout Troops, boys and who are concerned in a program of girls clubs of all kinds, as well as universal religious education.

all kinds of public recreation. It should also include tens of thou- Working Program of the Commission sands of Sunday-school teachers As a practical means toward who prepare themselves to give reaching these objectives, the Comtheir classes leadership in recrea- mission adopts the following Worktion and play, as well as in reli- ing Program: gious education. These two features of leadership should be combined 1. To invite every national reliwherever possible. Many thou- gious denomination, Catholic, sands of churches should add play Jewish and Protestant, to apand recreation facilities to their point a Cooperating Committee present equipment. Leaders of the to work with this Commission, Playground and Recreation Associ- and name one of its own memation of America are prepared to bers as a full member of the give expert counsel and training to Commission, in cases where large numbers of persons willing they have a membership of 50,- to qualify for leadership in these 000 or more; otherwise a "Corfields. responding Member."

2. To invite the fullest help of all Support to Sunday·Schools and the these Cooperating Committees: Sunday-School Agencies (1) in improving the general policy outlined in this "Pro- In addition to the foregoing ob- nouncement," (2) in securing jectives, the Commission would the adoption of the policy by its lend its largest support to the own organization, and (3) in churches and their agencies for putting the policy into practical religious education. The Sunday- operation in every community.

schools of America have rendered 3. To prepare a series of brief, a service too vast to be measured. condensed, convenient manuals They deserve far more generous of information and suggested support than they have yet re- method, covering each of the ceived. In view of the fact that at four main features of the policy.

least three-fourths of the entire 4. To build up gradually a strong church membership has come from national committee of experi- the Sunday-schools, these agencies enced men and women on each deserve the best thought of all one of the four features of the leaders as to how they can be made program, who will be ready to most attractive and effective. With represent the Commission and

its program in every state and every American youth re- in local meetings of all kinds. ceiving moral and religious 5. To build up an Associate Mem- training and to study care- bership of the Commission con- fully each of the four sisting of some hundreds of features of the program of men and women, competent and the Commission in its pos- willing to lend their personal sible application to the services to reaching the objec- local community.

tives in mind. (6) to keep sending an increas- 6. To invite all churches, pastors, ing stream of information associations and religious fed- to the Commission headerations or associations in each quarters showing how vital community in the United States religious teaching pro – to cooperate with the Commis- foundly affects hum a n sion, ideals, convictions, c h a r – acter and daily conduct, (1) by making a survey of their that this information may own community to discover be made available to the and locate all youth not largest possible number of having moral and religious people. instruction and make plans to reach them in some way. The Commission on Crime Pre- (2) to take suitable advantage vention Through Moral and Reli- of all the literature, speak- gious Education believes that much ers and other helps made can be done to carry into practical available by the Commis- effect the above policy and pro- sion, gram. The rapidity with which it (3) to be a fact-finding and re- can be done must depend largely porting agency for the upon the cooperation of the most Commission to report prog- devoted and competent men and ress made and methods women of aU religious faiths in found most useful. each community, as well as upon (4) to work with juvenile the amount of funds made avail- courts, visiting teachers, able for the promotion of the work.

delinquency officers and What is needed is a detailed and others in bringing moral continuous study of the entire sit- and religious influences to uation, together with a national bear upon all retarded and campaign of education and direc- delinquent children and tion, through a period of years, also in helping their par- with the clear objective of making ents in every way possible moral and religious education uni- in the wisest handling of versal among the youth.

their children. The "Man- No educational institution has uals" to be prepared will ever been able to deal with stu- include information and dents by the million. But here is suggestions on this vitally an educational process that can do important phase of the so. This Commission feels that it work. would be difficult to conceive of a (5) to cooperate with the na- greater service than this to be tional commission in reach- rendered, either to youth or to ing its main objective of America or to God.

GOSPEL TEAM IN SIAM*

T HE Burmese Gospel Tea m what appeared an impossible road first met with suspicion and straight through the jungle. This dislike because the y came brought them finally to Pitsanu- from Siam's hereditary en em y 10k, 350 miles north of Bangkok.

across the mountains. The Gospel A Testimony from Siam Team, however, soon allayed ill- will and made its way into the One of the young missionaries at hearts of all races alike. They had Bangkok Christian College gives a come to conquer by love. picture of campaign methods in a How came the Gospel Team to go round-robin to America. so far afield as Siam which, though "The Burma students were very a neighbor on the map, is separated from Burma by high moun- successful in their campaign at the tains with no good road between? Bangkok Christian College and At the All-India Student Confer- other schools. Their campaign was ence, which met in Madras in De- based on a complete surrender of cember, 1928, the party of students one's self, with but one dominant from Burma (more than 30) felt desire, a life in Christ. These boys like foreigners. No place had been were visible proof that their plan given on the program to problems works and they have stirred up the arising from Buddhism and other Siamese people as no other evanconditions in Burma. Dr. John R. gelist has done. Matt suggested that the Baptist students of Burma get in touch "Their campaign plan is like with those of Siam, a land of sim- this: First a meeting to make ilar races and religion, and ar- friends with the students. Then ranged with the American Presby- two days spent mostly in a study terian Mission in that country to receive a group sent from Burma of one of the Gospels, the school for that purpose. divided up into classes taught by different members of the team. Following this plan, one hot There was time also for songs, morning toward the end of April, games, pageants, all these things saw a group of eleven set forth, working up to a decision meeting five Burmans, four Karens and two at the end of the second day. missionaries, Mr. Dyer and Dr. Where full cooperation was given Marshall. One of the Karens had them, the results in conversions lived many years in Siam and by his knowledge of the language and were a matter of satisfaction and customs he was able to smooth out there is also an influence for good many of the difficulties of travel in that will last for years even with a foreign country. those who have not yet given them- selves to Christ. As a result of A motor took them to the border, their visit old fires have been rethen came three days of hiking kindled within missionaries and eighty miles over the mountains; older Christians, and we pray that then another 100 miles by bus over this fire will never go out."

The team held meetings in four m iss ion stations, Pitsanulok, Bangkok, Nakom Pathom, and *F'rotll '1'118 BUrma Baptist Bulletin. Chiengmai. At the last two named 3 113

places, the Karen members of the carriers and so had to sleep withteam were glad to look up their out food or bedding. Karen brethren who are scattered throughout Siam and among whom The greatest achievement of the the Karens of Burma are doing trip was the second campaign car- ried on by Peter and John (one Christian work. might imagine himself back in At Bangkok Christian College Apostolic times!) in the large girls' school of Wattana Withyya they spent a week and although the in Bangkok. These two young men missionaries in charge had little returned to Bangkok and gathered faith that anything could be ac- together a group picked from the complished among the Buddhist Bible School and the Siamese students, they were happily sur- church in Bangkok, twenty-two in prised by having 40 boys decide for all. They gave a day's intensive Christ. A missionary member of training and with much prayer and the staff wrote: "We can never ex- some misgiving started off for a press our gratitude for all the good two-days' campaign in the school. you were able to do here at the Much to their joy thirty girls from college and in Bangkok as a whole. Buddhist homes decided for Christ, You will be happy to hear that last while another group of twenty was Sunday three of our finest boys made public confession and were formed into a class for further inbaptized, the first fruits of your struction. Some of these were work. There's no doubt they have later baptized. . seen the vision and experienced a change of heart." The marvel of this second cam- paign was that it was carried From Bangkok the team jour- through entirely by these two neyed northward 600 miles, 25 young theologues without missionhours by train, toChiengmai, the ary leadership. capital of the north, where the American Presbyterian Mission From many words of appreciahas a large work. Here they also had a successful campaign espe- tion there is only space to cull from cially at the large girls' school, two. Dr. Clark, senior missionary Dara Academy, where fullest coop- at Nakom Pathom, wrote in Auperation was obtained. At the eve- gust, three months after the visit, ning meetings at the church in "The effects of your visit are town, from seven to eight hundred stronger than ever in the aroused were in attendance nightly. desire of our folk to accomplish something war t h while in the The rains had already begun be- Kingdom of Christ." fore they left and in spite of remonstrances that it would be im- Another testimony came in a letpossible to return over the moun- ter written by a Karen in Chiengtains at that season, the team maio He says-HI feel as if I had started on their 140 mile hike to been sifted and obtained great Papun in eastern Burma. help. This group has gone away but if you go on the roads of For ten days they tramped over Chiengmai, you will hear the songs the hills-"-four of these days walk- which they taught sung by everying in the bed of jungle streams for. there was no road. One night one, Siamese, Chinese, Shans, Inthey were separated from their dians and Karens. We find groups of people talking about them and asking who were these people."

A MISSIONARY JOURNEY IN

BY REV. STEFANO L. TESTA, Brooklyn, N. Y.

O N MY recent journey to Italy, forms of worship and the most my aim was to see whether democratic government. Non-li- Protestant mission work turgical churches make a greater was possible under Fascist laws, appeal to the Italians who leave especially after the Concordat with the gorgeous services of the Ro- the Vatican. This Concordat re- man Catholic Church. In Rome I affirms the first article of the Con- visited a great congregation of stitution, that the Catholic Church Pentecostalists, packed in an ill- is the State Church and holds a ventilated sub-cellar, like a cata- position of privilege, because of its comb excavated under a building.

preponderance. But the non-Cath- Seven baptisms took place that olic cults are now admitted into night. One of the converts was an the state and are officially recog- engineer who last year rebuilt the nized as on equal footing before campanile of the Catholic Church the law. of St. Lorenzo and collected the Though the Catholic Church in money for the work among his Italy has acquired new impetus friends. Some congregations in and increased prestige because of Sicily march to the brook near the Conciliation, the Protestants their towns, singing hymns, to also now have legal standing and baptize their new converts.

religious liberty. Clericals com- One of the remarkable things I plain that too much liberty has noted was the small number of been granted the Protestants. Italians who attend mass. Roman The Government now gives of- Catholics in America attend their ficial authorization to regularly churches in greater numbers than ordained Protestant ministers who Italians in Italy. Even in St.

are Italian citizens and who are Peter's Cathedral in Rome, I saw recommended by the Boards of a priest saying mass with only five their denominations, and they are people present. In Palermo, on recognized as officers of the State Pentecost Sunday, at 9 A. M., I when they celebrate marriages. entered the Catholic Church of The Judge in the Ministry of Jus- Santi Zita, and there was only one tice, who has to do with the giving woman attending, the janitress.

of these authorizations, is a Prot- At 10 A. M. I entered a Greek Or- estant, an elder in the Waldensian thodox church, where there were Church in Rome. twelve ecclesiastics chanting mass, AU the Protestant churches are with only fifteen people in attend- progressing, though against tre- ance, including children.

mendous odds with the very mea- At the Protestant Waldensian ger means at their disposal, and church that same day at 11 A. M., opposed at every turn by the there were 200 people present and Roman hierarchy, which is sup- at 12: 15 in the Evangelical Prot- ported by the State. The most estant chureh over 100 were pres- active and enthusiastic Protestants ent, and eleven new members are those having the simplest joined the church.

115

In Rome a remarkable union cannot be induced to read the Bible service was held on July 20th in itself for fear of the church. So the largest Protestant church in we printed a series of religious the city, the Kennedy Memorial. "letters" or messages, the words of The vast temple was filled to the which were taken entirely from doors. I was told that the services the Bible. The titles are: were always crowded since the new A Message From Jesus Christ to laws. You.

The Roman Hierarchy does its A Message From Saint Peter.

best to encourage its people to at- A Message From Saint Paul. tend their services and promises A Message From Saint John. many indulgences for the faithful. Life and Words of the Virgin Mary.

Many churches have an inscription Forty-five thousand of these on the front door that anyone en- messages were printed and .distering will receive a plenary iIidul- tributed throughout Italy in a few gence and an indulgence of one weeks. These messages were sent hundred days is promised to any free to anyone who requested one kissing a certain image. them, to be handed or mailed to By the aid of the Rev. Lorenzo relatives and friends. Each reader Palmieri, of Bari, who wrote the in turn becomes a "Messenger of booklet, "One Hundred Questions Christ" or a voluntary "letter car- on Romanism," 5,300 copies of the rier" to continue and enlarge the booklet have been mailed to Gov- chain. Religious papers and Evan- ernment officials in Italy. The gelical ministers hailed the novel booklet shows where the Evangel- idea. The agent of the Scotch icals agree and where we differ Bible Society in Rome requested from the doctrinal positions of the 5000 copies of the "Message from Roman Catholic Church. As Mr. Jesus Christ to You," to be distrib- Palmieri is well known and well uted by colporteurs as the best in- connected in Fascist circles, he troduction and foretaste of the mailed the book to all the prefects Bible. Even a Roman Catholic of the kingdom, police commission- priest, president of the Sacred ers, federal secretaries, judges and Heart Society, sent an urgent re- magistrates, to the mayors of many quest for 2000 copies of the "Mes- cities and towns, and even to the sage from Jesus Christ," "for dis- daughter of Mussolini, Countess tribution among the victims of the Ciano. Few of the booklets were earthquake in the province of Avel- refused. Many even asked for a lino, who had lost all in that dire Bible, and some were soundly con- catastrophe, and to whom the com- verted and united with Evangel- forting words of Jesus Christ ical churches. . would be a heavenly balm."

We IlRde a discovery in Italy Some sent for the entire New this summer-that the Roman Testament, a few requesting the Catholics in general, and Italians Catholic version. This has proven in particular, will read the Word the most practical and successful of God in letter form, when ad- method of propagating the Word dressed to them even when they of God among the people.

PROTESTANTISM IN

BY THE REV. PROFESSOR C. THEODORE BENZE, Mt. Airy Seminary, Phila.

T HE July number of the Zeit- not yet been reached by the Chris- schrift fuer Missionswissen- tian message in any form. The schaff contains an informing lower populace is held in superstiarticle on this subject by the Rev. tion, and the Negroes especially R. Becker, Rio Grande do SuI, from have not freed themselves from which we quote the following facts. their African habits. The edu- When Pedro Alvares Cabral dis- cated people belong either to the covered Brazil, April 22, 1500, the Free Maso~s who oppose the Ro- Roman Catholic Church began its man Cathohc Church, or to French missionary work in the newly Positivism, or believe in spiritism.

found land. The first mass was This means that the Roman Cathread immediately upon his landing. olic Church has only a superficial The first Jesuits arrived in 1549 hold on the people. The priests are recruited from and devoted themselves primarily foreign countries, principally Holto missions among the Indians. land, Italy, Germany and Spain. There is one priest for every 50,- The following year the first bishop 000 inhabitants. In the northern part 11 dioceses have no seminary set sail for Bexrearzciil~' ebhuitshfeunwcatsionnos.t for the training of priests. One destined to seminary had to be closed because there ~ere no students;. in one His ship was wrecked on the north- large dIOcese only one prIest was ern coast and the bishop and others who had reached the shore were slain (and the legend says, eaten up) by the Indians. .

Brazil is usually considered a ordained in 1926. The Luso-Bra- Roman Catholic country. But in zilian element furnishes very few 1891 the constitution of the Re- priests. Out of 307 priests in the public effected a separation be- archdiocese of St. Paulo, 216 were tween Church and State, intro- foreigners and only 91 natives.

duced civilian marriage, and In recent years the competition banished religion from the public of the Protestants has caused the schools. However, in some of the older Church to exert itself more states the founding of new sees was actively. Protestantism exists in aided by state monies. In 1929, Brazil in two large groups, Ger- the President of the State of Minas man and Anglo-Saxon, the latter Geraes permitted religious instruc- mainly American. tion three times a week for fifty German Protestantism did not minutes a period, and only when come through missions for the Protestants objected was the de- greater part, until the era of Ger- cree extended to include non-Cath- man home missions began. The imolics. Other such instances might perial Government since 1824 perbe mentioned. mitted the entry of evangelical immigrants and even paid the sal- Of the 40,000,000 inhabitants, ary of the first ministers until 30,000,000 are counted as Roman some Germans in Rio Grande do Catholics; but in the interior there SuI got mixed up in the political are thousands of Indians who have 117

controversies which lasted from tavus Adolphus Society, and 70 1835-1845. But the Government women's societies. A beginning allowed the German Evangelical has been made in young people's congregations to enjoy the fullest work and in missions among the liberty in establishing and main- Indians. taining their congregations, except The Evangelischer Gemeindever- that these churches were not al- band, working in Santa Catarina, lowed to have steeples or bells. the Evangelical Lutheran Synod During the century that has extending over Santa Catarina, passed since the arrival of the first Parana, Sao Paulo and Espirito Germans, an extensive German Santo, and the Synod of Central Evangelical Church activity has Brazil, which is scattered over S. taken place, particularly in the Paulo, Rio de Janeiro, Minas Ger- southern states of Rio Grande do aes and Espirito Santo, are all SuI, Santa Catarina and Parana, much smaller and not so well or- where the Germans are most nu- ganized.

merously settled. But there are also Of these three, the first has 17 many German Protestants in the pastors, 102 congregations and States of S., Paulo, Minas Geraes 8,128' members. The last (Central and Espirito Santo. The latter Brazil) has 15 pastors. The Luhave increased greatly since the theran Synod in 1928 had 33 paspost-war days. There are also tors, 92 congregations formally German congregations in the coast connected and 2 cooperating, 6,899 cities from Rio de Janeiro up to voting members, and 40,781 souls. Bahia and Pernambuco (Recife). For synodical expenses it raised At present most of these con- 3,402 milreis. The rest was congregations are connected with four tributed by the Lutheran Gotteslarge organizations. The largest kasten and the State Church of of these is the Rio Grande Synod Bavaria. These contributions durin Rio Grande do SuI. It was ing the last three years amounted founded in 1886, has 90 pastors, to 101,158,000 milreis. From this 25,000 families, and 148,000 souls it can be seen that this Synod is in all. It is the only one of the itself a mission church and still German synods that has a theo- largely dependent upon contribu- logical seminary of its own; but tions from the homeland. The the training is not complete and four synods together are composed the candidates have to finish in of 270,000 members served by 155 Stettin. It owns a pension fund ministers and assistants.

of 109,000 milreis, and the congre- These synods have their own gations raised 40,000 milreis (1 pUblication houses which publish milreis this year equals 121;2 cents) monthly, weekly and daily papers, for the expenses of the Synod in as well as a number of parish pa- 1928. Since 1922, following the pers and a widely circulated church example of the Missouri Synod, almanac. As a matter of fact this they are divided into 10 districts. church work largely resembles They also maintain a teachers' what we are accustomed to call training school (the only one of its Home Missions; but they themkind in all Brazil), an orphanage, selves. are not doing very much as a home for the aged, a girls' high yet for Foreign Missions. school, a teachers' union, a Gus- The Anglo-Saxon churches have

PROTESTANTISM IN BRAZIL

developed a different aspect. Like at self-support, and a closer union the Germans, they began with Eng- among the several Protestant de- lish and American immigration. nominations. There is a Union The new-comers in Rio and other Theological Seminary at Rio de port cities soon united in congre- Janeiro. Several of the larger de- gations of their own faith. But nominations also conduct their own their pastors, as soon as they had training schools for ministers.

mastered the language of the coun- Each of the denominations runs a try, began to work among the theological seminary, maintains Brazilians. Thus notable mission- various schools and conducts spe- ary beginnings were made by the cial courses for the training of Presbyterian minister, Simonton helpers of all kinds. While the Ro- and the Baptist Bagby, who were man Church has never succeeded soon followed by others equally in gaining enough natiyes for its zealous. priesthood, the American Protes- The first Protestant congrega- tants have never had any difficulty tion-not to mention ear lie r in this line and the majority of preaching efforts by the Methodists their pastors are natives of Brazil.

-was founded by the Congrega- The financial contributions are tional minister, KaIley, in 1858, in really great. The Independent Rio de Janeiro. In 1862 Simonton Presbyterians, founded in 1903, in founded a Presbyterian Church in 1929 raised among their 11,301 Rio also. The first Baptist Church me m b e r s, 363,519,000 milreis.

was started by Mr. Bagby in Bahia Such gifts prove what a live Chris- in 1882 and he is still active there. tian consciousness is at work The Methodists made their perma- among these people. But withal nent beginning in 1876. In 1888 even the great sums raised on the the Episcopalians began their mis- field are not equal to the work that sion in Rio Grande do SuI, and in is being done and large contribu- 1900 the Missouri Synod began its tions are sent from the mother work in Rio Grande do SuI. churches in America.

With the exception of the Con- Among the interdenominational gregationalists, who received their efforts we might mention the Com- first inspiration from England, all missao Brazileira de Cooperacao, the other churches are the result which constitutes a sort of Nation- of American missionary endeavor. al Council; the Seminario Unido The Catholics have made this the in Rio de Janeiro, which is a union basis of the accusation that the seminary supported by several American missionaries are the ad- denominations; an Indian mission vance agents of American capital, in Matto Grosso; a Protestant but unjustly so. These accusations hospital in Rio; a convalescent have perhaps helped to make the home for pastors; a sort of hospice Americans stress the nationalistic in St. Paulo for poorer people; a element in their organizations. Christian Boy Scout development; They aim very decidedly to nation- Bible colporteuring; Union Sun- alize the churches. This is done in day-school conferences; and the three directions: the education of Week of Prayer of the Evangelical native helpers making themselves Alliance.

more and more independent of These Protestant churches are foreign influence, increased efforts doing a very notable work.

SLAVERY*

T HOSE not acquainted with declared free from January 1,1928. China are dismayed to dis- Liberia has denied at Geneva cover that slavery, or some- that there is slavery anywhere thing indistinguishable fro mit, within its boundaries, whereas the persists in Hong Kong, a British truth is that slave-owning is wide- colony, decades after it was made spread and Liberian and American illegal on British territory. The negroes are exploiting the indige- mui tsai or child domestics, who nous natives under forms not dis- are bought and sold as other prop- tinguishable fro m the slavery erty, number abo u t 100,000 in against which the name of the Hong Kong alone. country is a standing protest.

In her book Slavery, Lady Simon In China slavery has been tech- reminds the public that the battle nically abolished, yet -the sale of is far from finished; there are still children is winked at and no steps abuses to be fought, but her record are taken to protect them against includes some bright spots. The the brutality of their owners.

Maharajah of Nepal took courage- When the fourth assembly of the ous and enlightened action; in a League of Nations unanimously few months he overcame the force accepted Sir Arthur Steel-Maitof centuries of tradition and freed land's motion callin~ for inquiry and report on slavery throughout the slaves of that country. There the world, the new struggle began; is also a chapter on recent succes- as Sir John Simon writes, Wilberses in BUrma. But there is sad force and his friends were conreading about many lands-Abys- cerned so to change British law that slavery would not be recogsinia, the Sudan, Sierra Leone and nized by British Courts, whereas China. (Abyssinia abolished slav- the modern problem is not national ery at the recent coronation of the Emperor.) The King of the Hedjaz is under but international. "The new task treaty with the British Govern- is not to convince enlightened men ment to cooperate in suppressing and women that slavery is a mon- the slave trade; not a word has strous and hideous thing, but that been said about the abolition of it still prevails over large portions slavery. of the earth. Unfortunately the League of Nations, under the in- In Sierra Leone, the Protector- spiration of France, has refused to ate not the British colony, the accept the British proposal regard- Courts decided only four years ing slave traffic as an international ago that an owner could retake a runaway slave, a doctrine that crime like piracy.

caused a ferment in England and When all that can be said in deevoked instructions from the Co- fence of slavery has been said lonial Office to amend the position there is something about the by legislation. That was done and ownership of fellow-men that first 214,000 slaves found themselves debases and then brings out the "very devil" in the nature of the °From The State8man. London. owner, whatever his race or color.

120

GOD'S WORD IN PERSIA"

BY REV. WILLIAM M. WYSHAM, Teheran, Persia Mi88ionaf'1/ of the Pre8byterian Ohuroh, U. 8. A.

N EXT to'the birth of a human great advance in literature distri- soul, what event can give bution during the past year has re- one a greater thrill than the moved this danger entirely.

birth of a book? A good book, like To what extent literature should a soul, is immortal, and even one be sold and how much of it may be edition can influence generations. given away is a moot question in Our Literature Committe is now some fields, but most missionaries revising a Persian Christian book in Persia are definitely committed, of which the first edition appeared for the present at least, to the nearly a century ago. Only God policy of free distribution of cheap can measure the influence of that tracts if it is done wisely. In many book for Jesus Christ. So the places the rule is that such tracts chairman of this "factory" has should be given only to those who many a thrill as ,one book and tract are literate and wherever possible after another are born into the to young men and women. Persia world of Christian literature to be- is thirsty for information of all gin a useful life. sorts. Drop a tract from a speed- The "factory" is a busy place ing automobile, as the writer has these days, Two earnest Christian sometimes done, and pedestrians Persian associates help make the will race one another to pick it up chairman's t ask a pleasant one. and read it. Practically never is a Proofs to be read come in con- tract refused and it is often read stantly from two presses in Tehe- by many people. One missionary ran, from Cairo by air, from Beirut tells of a single copy of "The Perby transdesert post, and from Ger- fect Law" which a Persian Chris. many across Russia and the Cas- tian loaned to fifty men one by one pian Sea. Back they go by the in the bazaar. It seems unwise to next post if possible. We know haggle over a few pennies in inthat fine work will not only honor sisting on selling tracts to eager Christ but will set a standard for readers such as this, and one misall Persian literature in its coming sionary feels that we should "plasnew era. ter" Persia with Christian tracts The great fear of the managers while our great opportunity offers.

of every efficient enterprise is that He reports that last year in his its product may not reach con- own populous province about 25,- sumers after it is ready for use. 000 copies of Christian literature When the Intermission Committee were distributed, first began its work in 1925, distribution of Christian literature in The greatest aid to our free dis- Persia was negligible and there tribution program is through the was grave danger that the commit- Scripture Gift Mission. This sotee might "glut the market" with ciety has provided in Persia three unused books and tracts. But the beautifully printed Scripture por- tions, with cover pictures in color, 'From The Pre8byterian Advance. and requires that these be distrib- 121

uted free of charge. The commit- was the cause of the conversion of tee cannot sufficiently express its a well educated gentleman in an gratitude to that organization for inaccessible city. He had called all that it has done to further lit- himself an atheist, but the reading erature distribution in Persia. of this book and the conversations with an evangelist which followed One of the greatest distributors brought him to a full belief in God of tracts is a "Christian dervish." and in Christ.

Last year it was stated that he had The methods of distribution in worked his way clear across Persia Persia are many, but all can be efin his double capacity of itinerant fective if the heart of the Chris- "dentist" and scatterer of "seed," tian is in his task. Even the most as he calls his tracts. After a year unpromising places yield results. has elapsed he is still on the same Some months ago an educated Artour. From northwest Persia he menian Christian young man was went south to Kermanshah through drafted i n t 0 Persia's conscript Kurdistan, whE!re he was in danger army. Instead of bemoaning his of death several times, and from fate, he threw himself into his new there found his way via Hamadan work and soon won the respect of to Isfahan, .to Shiraz, to Kerman, his officers and fellow soldiers. He to Yezd, and again to Isfahan, vis- did a lot of reading and studying iting many hundreds of villages himself, and found others eager besides these larger centers. He to do likewise. So he began to give passed through Teheran on his them tracts, and soon, as his ofway to his headquarters in Meshed. ficer remarked, he had a reading Everywhere he has sow n his room in full swing each evening. "seed," and the committee has sent Through his efforts scores of Chrissupplies of tracts to him at each tian books and tracts were read by large city. No one knows how these rough Persian soldiers, and many teeth he has pulled or how it was not long before the young many tracts he has distributed. Armenian borrowed an English Missionaries in every center have Koran in order to prepare himself spoken warmly of his work and his better for the religious discussions help to them, and from Shiraz resulting from his literature discomes a striking story of how he tribution. brought a highwayman to Christ. Paul's catalogue of hardships and EPIGRAMS dangers would apply almost ex- So long as we emphasize the cross and actly to him, but on he goes plot- the empty tomb, we shall go forward toting his own course, always happy gether.-W. J. McGlothlin. in his chosen work. We do not need a new gospel; but we Interested friends 0 f ten ask do need the Gospel anew.-S. M. Lindsay. whether conversions can be traced to individual tracts and books. The Church is a living organism, vital- Sometimes this can be done, but ized by the indwelling life of Christ.- more often it is the cumulative W. B. Riley. e f f e c t of literature distribution which is so powerful. Very re- People think spiritually more easily in cently, the chairman heard of a adversity than in prosperity.-A. W. definite case where the reading of Beaven. Kanamori's "Three Hour Sermon" The world says that men exist for things; Jesus says that things exist for men.-Harold C. Phillips.

A VENTURE IN MISSIONARY TRAINING·

BY THE REV. J. LOVELL MURRAY, D.D.

Director 01 the OanalUrm School oj Missions, Toronto, Canada T HE Canadian School of Mis- of missionaries of American and . sions presents features which British Boards are admitted to the are unusual, and perhaps in lectures and other privileges of the some cases unique, in the field of School. The yearly registration is missionary training. about one hundred and fifty.

The School represents a partner- The base line in the program of ship of Churches, which was in- instruction is the directing of mis- augurated nine years ago by the sionaries and candidates i n t 0 Mission Boards of Canada for the courses which are available in the preparation of their candidates classrooms of other institutions in and the post-graduate studies of the city. Missionaries who wish missionaries on furlough. Toronto courses in theology are referred to contains the. national offices of all the theological colleges; others en- the Canadian churches and at the roll as graduate or undergraduate same time offers the facilities of students in the University of To- a great university center. Eight ronto and some find their require- Mission Boards, representing the ments met in the Technical School.

five communions h a v i n g head- Those making their furlough head- quarters in Canada – Anglican, quarters elsewhere than in Toronto Baptist, Disciples, Presbyterian are helped by correspondence to and United Church-unite in finan- find a solution for their academic cing and directing the School. Five problems in some neighboring coltheological colleges located in To- lege center or, where this is not ronto are also officially related to possible, by courses of reading.

it, with appointed representatives The curriculum of the School on its governing body. These col- covers a wide area, upwards of leges and the three national train- thirty courses being offered each ing institutions for women of the year. Some courses, such as an- Anglican, Presbyterian and United thropology, religions, phonetics, Churches all accept several of the science of missions, history of mis- School's courses as electives in sions, philosophy of religion, nurs- their own curricula. ing (given in the Toronto General The primary purpose of the in- Hospital), personal hygiene, public stitution is, of course, academic. health, the missionary message, The student body consists of can- hymnody, account keeping and didates and furloughed mission- moral hygiene, are standard. Otharies of the e i g h t cooperating ers vary according to opportunity Boards. Members of the Boards and demand. Last year a desire was are eligible and frequently attend discovered on the part of two or classes. Each year, also, a number three for a course in the historical geography of the Holy Land. One "A visit to the Canadian School of Missions week later, a class of twenty was ~~ ~~r::igo~h~fa~f~!to:~:~o1r:I~Pn:ht'h:i'I;:: taking notes on the first lecture of asked Dr. Mnrray to write this article about the course.

it.-A. J. B.

123

Other courses in last year's cur- the School. "Sharing" is its watch- riculum which had a large popu- word.

larity were the teaching of reli- In many cases, instruction in a gion, kindergarten principles and certain subject is desired by only methods, girls' work, journalism, one missionary, and some subjects present conditions in mission fields can best be taught individually, so and the Christian mission and that the School arranges for pri- other international contacts. Many vate tuition in voice, piano, organ, courses are grouped in two inten- violin, and other branches at the sive sessions, one lasting six weeks Toronto Conservatory of Music.

and the other one week. Fre- Anaesthesia, X-ray, house building, quently lecturers from outside of poultry raising, loom weaving, hos- the city are enlisted for lectures. pital management, compounding of Last year short courses were given drugs, cartooning, library cata- by the Rev. William Paton, of Lon- loguing, the pedagogics of manual don, Secretary of the International training and many branches of Missionary Council; Professor D. medicine and surgery are a few of J. Fleming, of Union Theological the other subjects taught in this Seminary, New York; and Dr. way. Every year upwards of forty Arthur J. Brown, Secretary Emer- instructors are coaching our mis- i tus of the Presbyterian Board, sionaries privately in a wide vari- New York, and at that time Acting ety of subjects, bringing the teach- Editor of THE REVIEW, besides the ing staff of the School to a total of annual course in Phonetics by Pro- four or five score persons. And all fessor T. F. Cummings of the Bib- without pay!

lical Seminary, New York. There is a carefully selected and A six-year syllabus of theolog- growing library of books and mag- ical instruction for medical mis- azines in which the aim is to pro- sionary candidates is meeting with vide a good working collection of considerable success. Each year material on every phase of mis- from ten to fifteen of these stu- sions. Another activity of the dents are registered in two twenty- School is the periodical prepara- hour courses, given usually by pro- tion of a list of the best recent fessors of theology. This part of pUblications on the following sub- the School's curriculum makes it jects: anthropology, history and possible for a stUdent to receive biography, sociology and econom- 240 hours of theological instruc- ics, fiction, essays and poetry, re- tion during his six-years' medical ligious education, missions and course. theology. The titles are selected To provide the curriculum of the by experts and the lists are then School from forty to fifty lecturers sent out to all missionaries of the are drafted yearly. The policy has Canadian Boards.

been to invite only persons who The other side of the School's are foremost in their respective life is fellowship. The building is fields of study. Almost everyone a Club (non-residential) as well as of these requests has been granted an academic institution. It is a and all of this service is given general headquarters and rendez- without financial recompense. No vous for Canadian missionaries fees of any sort are received for and candidates and the secretaries the academic or other privileges of and members of their Boards. The

A VENTURE IN MISSIONARY TRAINING

weekly p ray e r service provides modious, and at the same time is comradeship in worship. Observa- most comfortably and artistically tion visits to centers of interest, furnished. including courts, playgrounds, hos- Perhaps no other undertaking pitals, schools of various types, in- or agency in the Dominion visualdustrial plants, the Ontario Parlia- izes in so striking a way the esment Buildings, the Royal Ontario sential oneness of the Christian Museum and the Toronto Art Gal- Churches and the possibility of lery have a decided social as well groups which differ in many of as educational value. Conferences their views on doctrine and polity dealing with some of the central working together as an absolutely and timely issues in the world mis- harmonious unit in a common sionary movement not only give Kingdom enterprise. opportunity for the interchange of Recently a missionary about to ideas and experience, but also de- return to Chi n a wrote: "The velop a recognition that the major School has been for me a place of interests and problems of mission- intellectual delight, of spiritual ary service are common to workers strengthening and a refuge from of churches ,in every field. These loneliness. It has been 'home' for activities center in the new build- me in a sense that no other place ing of the School, which is com- has been."

STATISTICS OF NATIONAL CHURCHES The Outgrowth of Mission Work in Various Countries Other No. of Communi, Evangelistic Name of Church Churches cants Pastors Worker8 Church of Christ in China 795 107,936 357 1,767 Presbyterian Church of Chosen. , 2,013 91,756 505 832 United Church of India ……… 914 66,698 1,883 Church of Christ in Japan ….. , 283 44,762 215 220 National Church of Brazil. . . . . .. 177 24,132 97 National Church of Mexico. . . . . . 49 3,593 28 23 United Church of Philippines. . . .. (1st yr. of orgn.-Figs. Incomplete) UNION AND COOPERATIVE WORK National Foroe Communicants Students Patients China …………………. . 568 4,926 59,168 37,500 Chosen ………………… . 202 1,025 10,931 India ……………. , ….. . 65 1,539 Japan …………………. . 2,380 Latin America ……… , …. . 37 97 Philippines …………….. . 598 Mesopotamia ……………. . 4 505 874 Totals 876 505 11,439 107,599 Report of Presbyterian Board, 1980.

NEW CENTENARY CHURCH AT SAPARILLTI. SA,,'OA

PROGRESS IN THE SOUTH SEAS Encouragement in the London Missionary Society Work A Great Day in the Gilbert Islands village they came. Some had red T HE London MissiQnary Society sashes :md collars, others mauve, and Ship John WiUiams IV made a the people from the other end of the successful visitation of the is- island where the church is called "The lands of the Gilbert group last Sum- Morning Star" each wore a red star.

mer. Delegates were taken from all The conference was the first {In 80 parts of the group and conveyed to the large a scale in the Gilbert Islands southernmost island of Arorae, where and was of great value to the group the first United Conference of the as a whole. There was a sense of Protestant Church in the Gilberts was unity throughout the whole proceed- held. Never until now has it been pos- ings to an extent which would have sible for delegates from every island been impossible only a few years ago.

to be present. The interest of the Con- There was ample evidence of the fast ference this year was greatly increased growing sense of the need for coopera- by the fact that it coincided with the tion in church life in place of the old opening of a beautiful new church at idea that each village must fight its the village of Tamaroa on Arorae Is- battles alone.

land. The la'st day of the meetings was Under the leaderahip of one of the Sunday, with a timely sermon on 1… M. S. Samoan Pastors, the local United Effort in World-Wide Work band led a big procession of people to for Christ, and a Communion Service.

their appointed places outside the In the afternoon, various delegates church. All were dressed in white, spoke of the progress of Christianity with certain decorations for the na- and wane of paganism during recent tives of Arorae to indicate from which times on the i r particular islands.

126

PROGRESS IN THE SOUTH SEAS

Christian truth has made great strides sea. The church has cost £7,000 but in recent years and is rapidly gaining was opened entirely free of debt. ground.-L. M. S. Chronicle. On August 24th the people marched The Samoan Centenary to Sapapalii to unveil the memorial stone to John Williams. The proces- One hundred years ago, in August, sion was over three miles long. Some John Williams landed in Samoa, and were in modern clothes and some were began the work of the L. M. S. in dressed in the mode of living when those islands. Recent celebrations the first missionaries arrived. The have commemorated this historic mo- Williams memorial stone will be sevenment. teen feet high and will stand on a base thirty-five feet high, on the spot On the island of Savaii, the guests where John Williams first landed in arrived in Faasaleleaga on Thursday, Samoa. August 21st. Some came in the long boats, forty of which brought no less Later many thousands of Samoans than 3,000 people. His Excellency the were present at a service, several Administrator, came on his govern- hours long, which was held in the ment vessel, and was met by the mis- huge open-air church at Malua. This sionaries, pastors and teachers. church was made by covering a cocoa- nut paddock with a roof of palm The Centenary Church of Savaii leaves. The thanksgiving offering was opened in the presence of many amounted to £5,000 (nearly $25,000). thousands of 'people. The church is A pageant was produced entitled "The almost on the scale of a cathedral, and Coming of the Light." Sunday was a it is lighted by stained glass windows which have beautiful soft shades of great day with a Communion Service color and is visible for miles from the and other meetings.-The Chronicle.

OPENING THE NEW L. M. S. MISSION CHURCH A'r TAMAROA, GILBERT ISLANDS

BY MRS. F. I. JOHNSON, 150 FIFTH AVENUE, NEW

President of the Federation of Woman's Boards for Foreign Missions INTERESTING ADULTS IN Do You Think It Is Enough 7 CHILDREN'S WORK If not, the Light Brigade is ready (Given by Mrs. C. K. Lippard at to help you do more. Mountain Lake Park School of Mis- F~ee Literature on how to organsions.) ize a Light Brigade may be had for SCRIPTURE-Story of Eunice, Lois the asking fro m Literature Headand Timothy. 2 Timothy 1: 5-9. quarters, Women's Missionary So- ciety. Key verse-five. Will you help us by sending your EXERCISE-The Fountain of Youth. boy or girl to (name of missionary or- Author, Mrs. Milton Fish. (Published ganization.) by Literature Headquarters, 723 Muhlenberg Building, Philadelphia, EXERCISE-Four Parables. Each of Pa.) these stories is to be read by a junior age child or woman. After the stories, This exercise requires seven adult the words found on the back of leaflet characters and a baby or a large doll. -"The Remedy Is the Children Now" to be repeated by all four readers and Leaflet-''What Are You Doing?"

Do They Go to Sunday-School again by entire audience.

Regularly The Garden If so, their religious education gains There was once a lady who owned about 24 hours, or 2 days of waking a garden. The gardener was young hours out of 365 in a year. and handsome. Every morning he brought bright, beautiful blossoms to Where Sunday-School sessions are the door, and the lady of the house discontinued during the summer the rejoiced as she arranged them. Her time is shortened. garden was a mass of beauty and every evening as she walked there she How much of this period is devoted saw strong, big plants and shrubs well to Bible teaching and missionary pruned and watered and cared for. training? "He doesn't have those cluttery lit- Figure It Out for Yourself tle beds of seedlings and slips about, either," she said. "His garden is al- 52 Sundays in the year. ways neat and trim." The young gardener too hated the cluttery, messy 5 Sundays subtracted for special serv- beds of new seedlings and slips. "They are so small and make no ices as Rally Day, Christmas, show," he said.

Easter- But when the winter had worked her will upon the big, strong shrubs 47 divided by 3 (where the lesson and plants and the spring had come, period is 20 minutes) or 47 divided by 2 (where the lesson period is 30 minutes).

3)47 2)47 Allows 15* hours or 2312 hours the lady walked in a garden sear and of actual Bible and Missionary bare. "Where are the new plants and training. flowers of spring?" she asked.

128

METHODS FOR WORKERS

"There are none," the young gar- members were energetic and intelli- dener said. "I hated to work with gent. They had Women's Missionary seeds and to train new plants. I did Societies and Luther Leagues and not know all the strong, big ones Brotherhoods. The social side was not would die." forgotten and their contributions to all causes were exceptional. So that garden remained without beauty, and always bare. But no one had time to work for the children. Their Sunday School The Forest was poorly attended and they never had a Light Brigade. Upon a mountain side there was once a deep, strong forest. The trees After a while the old people were were all tall and straight and beau- gone. The young people became old. tifully matched. The forester had And they looked about in the church planted new young trees upon the and -said, "Where are the active ones edge vf the deep woods, where the to take our places? What ails the sun could touch them. young people of today?"

But after he planted them he for- The young people were all out in got them. The rains came and washed the world, away from the church. The the earth from their roots. Cruel church was dead. winds beat them down and pulled them from the ground. THE REMEDY is The Children Now!

The old trees were gradually chopped PLAYLET~House of Do What You down and carried away and none grew Can. (Literature Headquarters, 723 up to take their place. Here and there Muhlenberg Building, Philadelphia, a wild seedling struggled to grow, but Pa.) soon withered away. ILLUSTRATIVE MATERIAL FOR Now there is only a bare and stumpy field where once the beautiful DEVOTIONAL SERVICE forest waved and offered shade. Insistent demands have been com- The Home ing in asking for fresh illustrative help in connection with the devotional There was once a father who was service. We have used the following rich and great. He had three sons and we believe, profitably: who were his pride and joy. They were strong and beautiful. "In the Beginn.ing God"

"I have not time to love them now," During the French Revolution it he said, "but I shall work hard and was determined to abolish all religion grow richer so that when they are and everything that reminded people grown we may be companions and of God. Some one was loudly profriends." claiming this to a poor quiet country- man one fine clear night. "Every- So he put them from him in in- thing," he said, "will be abolishedfancy. He hired people to care for churches, Bibles, priests, even the them and they never saw their father. word 'God'; we shall remove every- He enjoyed his home and his business thing that speaks of religion and without them. And when they were God." The countryman gave a quiet grown he brought them home, and 10, chuckle. "Why do you laugh?" said they knew him not. They were stran- the other. The countryman pointed to gers to him and he to them. Their the stars, replied, "I was just wondertastes and ideals were different. The ing how you would manage to get sons went their own way, and all his them down!"-J. E. Feasey. life the father was left alone.

The Ohnreh What III "Ellongh"1 There was once a church that was Rev. George B. Scott's little book, active, prosperous and happy. Its "Work and Rest," which years ago 4

was a favorite with Christian readers, on the amount. Here is a check for g i v e s the following illustration: $600, to pay the first year's interest." "When I was a lad, an old gentleman, The clerk was doubly gratified. The taking some trouble to teach me, asked prospect of the legacy was good news, me 'When does a man think himself and the interest in hand rendered the rich enough'? I replied: 'When he has prospect a reality. a thousand pounds, perhaps.' He said: 'N0.' 'Two thousand'? 'No.' 'Ten This is, in a far higher sense, the thousand'? 'No.' 'Well, a hundred believer's position. He does not have thousand'? But he gravely replied: to wait for death to receive his in- 'Man is content when he has a little heritance, though the principal does more than he has, and that is never.' come then, but daily grace is the in- And is this all that comes of 'seeking terest and promise of an exceeding rest' in this world? It is."-The and eternal weight of glory.-S. S. Christian. Times.

The Longest Candle Needy Souls, Afar and Near An evangelist was talking to a meet- It is reported that during the Tiing of children. He brought out a tanic disaster a vessel equipped with row of candles on a board; a very the Marconi system of wireless teleglong candle was at one end, a very raphy passed within a few miles of short one at the other. Between the the ill-fated ship. It was near enough long one and the short one were can- to have rescued every passenger dles of various heights. He said that aboard but passed on all unmindful by these candles he wanted to repre- of the lives going down within easy sent the grandfather, father and reach. We ask, why was it? The mother, boy-s and girls and the baby answer comes that the passing vesof a family who never heard of Christ sel's instrument for receiving mesuntil a missionary came-whom he sages was so keyed as to receive only represented by a lighted candle-and calls from distances of one hundred they all gave their hearts to Jesus, miles or more. and from that day loved and served Him. He then asked which candle It is a pathetic illustration of what they thought represented the grand- is taking place every day in the Lord's father, the mother, and so on. They work. all thought that the tallest candle would be the grandfather, but he told How many are there who really feel them: "No, that stands for the baby, interested in world-wide missions, but the youngest member in the family." whooe hearts are so keyed as to re- Presently one boy said, "I know why; ceive only calls from afar while hunhe has the chance to shine the longest." dreds and thousands of our fellow be- ~Children's Quarterly. ings within the limits of our own state are passing through the bitter Bene:8ts of an Inheritance Now experience of life-wreck and soul-dis- aster without response or seeming A confidential clerk in Wall Street, care from us, though we are so near? New York, had an agreeable surprise -Selected. a few days ago, according to the Times. One of the large stock opera- Foot Lamps tors caIled the clerk into his private room and said to him: "I have put For many years archreologists kept your name in my will, and you will digging up in Bible lands what seemed get $10,000 when I die. Now, I am to be tiny lamps. Many of them found in good health, and don't intend to their way into museums, but no one die snon, and so I will help in the could explain how these lamps were meantime by paying you legal interest used. They were rounded on the bot- tom and attached to the bottom were three rings – one large one in the center, and two small ones on either side. There was no way to place the

METHODS FOR WORKERS

lamp on a table or flat surface, nor family includes the whole world and were there any rings on top by which all the races of the world.

they might be suspended from above. Through the stories of Jesus, the That they were lamps there could be real nature of God is revealed to the no question, for there on the top was child, and there is developed within a spout for the wick. Therefore these the child the desire to share his knowl- lamps were a great mystery. edge of the goodness and love of God Some months ago Dr. Melvin Grove with the world. As the child hears Kyle deciphered some tablets on which stories of Jesus and other stories of were references to "foot lamps." Like helpfulness and sharing, he too wants a flash it came to Dr. Kyle that these to share and to be helpful-he wants tiny lamps were worn on the feet. to practice the Jesus Way of living The large ring fitted over one of the with all people. The stOry affects the toes, while a cord attached to (me conduct of the child and stimulates small ring went around the foot and him to action. tied into the other. It has been said that, "Missions is Doubtless this is what suggested to the spirit of Christ in the human David the thought: "Thy word is a heart." This is the great value of lamp unto my feet, and a light unto the story; it awakens the spirit of my path," CPs. 119: 195) .-The Ban- Christ within the human heart. ner. The story introduces the child to the world; it broadens his outlook.

THE "WHy" AND THE "HOW" OF Through the story the child learns the STORY-TELLING IN MISSIONARY habits and customs 6f the people of the world, and because of this knowl- EDUCATION edge there arises within the child a sympathetic understanding of these MAUD F. ROBY, Riverdale, Maryland Of what value is the story in mis- people. sionary educati()n? It takes time and A little seven year old once said to perseverance to master the art of his teacher: "I don't like Abraham story-telling. Is it worth while? Has Lincoln. He set the 'niggers' free, and they should be slaves." The it any real value in attaining those ob- teacher later discovered that the child jectives which are most important in had heard his father make this sta.te- ment. Race prejudice on the part of missionary education? adults finds fertile soil in the mind of the child. Undoubtedly, the story has a definite and outstanding place in missionary The story deepens the child's apeducation. Story-telling is one of the preciation of other people and other ()ldest arts in the world, and the story races. Let us tell him stories of what grips the imagination, especially of other races contribute to American the child, as no other form of art can. life. Who mines our coal? Who works Tests have again and again proved in our lumber camps? Where do our that the part of teaching which is first bananas, dates, pineapples, etc., come recalled, longest retained, and most from? surely acted upon is the part that was conveyed through the telling of a Perhaps the greatest value of the story. story in missionary education is that Through the story the child comes it helps to secure right attitudes. Cer- to know God, his heavenly Father. tainly we are concerned that our The child begins to understand that children gain knowledge of other peo- he is a member of God's great family, ples, but our teaching concerns itself and that God's family does not mean mainly with the securing of attitudes.

just his own family, not only his own We do not want our children to neighborhood, nor his own country, have an attitude of race superiority, not even his own race; but that God's neither do we want them as they share

with others to possess any feeling of Fully convinced of the value of the condescension. We do want them to story in missionary education, perhaps have an attitude of love, friendliness, you are asking, "How shall I prepare and sympathetic understanding. It is a .story to tell?" First of all, select our desire to develop those attitudes a story with great care. Be sure that which will bring about world brother- it meets the needs of your group and hood, w 0 rId friendship and world that it is suited to the age group for peace. which you wish to use it. (A sug- gested Jist of stories may be found "In hearts too young for enmity at the close of this article.) There lies the way to make men free, When chHdren's friendships are world- Analyze the story, and, if necessary, adapt it for telling. wide New ages wm be glorified. Every properly constructed story is Let child love child and strife will cease. composed of four distinct parts, (1) Disarm the heart, for that is peace." the beginning; (2) succession of events; (3) climax, and (4) ending. -ETHEL BLAIR JORDAN, from the You may make an outline of the story Junior Red Cross News. dividing it into these parts and use it as a help in preparing to tell it. In our ·stories, let us dwell upon It may be necessary to adapt the story those things in which we are alike for telling. If so, it will be essential rather than the things in which we for you to know something of these are different. component parts of the story.

These points concerning the value The beginning is very important. of the story in missionary education It is like the first impression of a have been discussed from the stand- person upon strangers he meets. Bepoint of the child, but they are equally gin interestingly, for interest must be true of young people and adults. The gained the moment the story begins. story will grip the interest and stir The characters should be brought on the heart of young people and adults the stage immediately that the curtain when other forms of missionary teach- is lifted, and action must start at once. ing fail. For our young people the A suggestion that something is going story is invaluable as a call to con- to happen supplies that element of secration and service. (Stories of interest and suspense essential to a service are suggested below.) go.od beginning.

Who can measure the influence of Following the rising of the curtain, a purposeful story when told at the there should be a series of pictorial right time and in the right way? It scenes that carry the events that go was the story of the Indian at St. to make up the story plot, strung upon Louis that sent Marcus Whitman to a slender thread of curiosity, and save the great Northwest; it was the giving the element of suspense to the story of Scutari that sent Florence story. One event must follow on the Nightingale to her great work; it heels of another, and each event must was the story of the deep-sea fisher- be filled with action. The events men that sent Wilfred Grenfell to should be planned to hold suspense to Labrador. the very end of the story.

Through the story, young people Something must be happening all and adults may come to truly pray the time until suspense reaches its that prayer that the children love to apex in the climax, which some aupray: thors prefer to class, not as a separate part of the story, but rather as the Our Father, you have given me last event in the succession of events. So much of love and joy today The scenes leading to the climax must be so clear and concise that the hearers That I am thinking joy and love will forget where they are, what time To my brothers and sisters far away.

Wherever they lie down to sleep, Happy and tired with work and play, YeHow and brown and black and white, Our Father, bless them all tonight.

-AMELIA J. BURR, (4th line adapted.)

METHODS FOR WORKERS

it is, who the atory-teller is, and fol- they were being reflected on the movlow only the events of the story. In ing picture screen. the climax the truth or message of the story is revealed. It is the turn- Read the story several times again, ing point of the story. now not only seeing each event but feeling and experiencing the story as The curtain must faIl at last before if you had actuaIly been present and the eyes of the listener, and the clos- lived the story yourself. ing of the story drama should be as mind-stimulating a,s was its begin- Practice telling the story aloud, rening. The ending should be short, ferring to the book when it is necesbut not abrupt, jus,t enough words to sary to clear up any pam that may get the characters off stage in a man- be hazy. If possible, go into a room, ner that seems logical and otherwise close the door, and practice the story satisfactory to the hearer. The cur- aloud, first, to yourself and then to tain goes down on the scene as soon the inanimate objects of your room. as possible after the climax is reached. Then, practice your story on someone When the end of the story is reached, else. There isn't anything that gives stop. A good beginning begin8 with you the confidence that a real audience action and a good ending ends when gives you. Practice on your family, the action is over. children in your neighborhood, anyone you can get to listen to you. Let us not be guilty of moralizing at the end of the story. The story, Criticize yourself and seek the critiif carefuIly selected and well told, will cism of those who listen. Be opencarry its own message. minded and profit by kindly and con- structive criticism. After you have analyzed the story, go through it and eliminate any un- Love your story and live its mesnecessary descriptian or other parts sage in your daily life and the story not needed to the development of the will speak through you in a vital way. story. "That which does not help When we tell of something through hinders," is a sentence every story- which we have lived, we cannot fail teller should have constantly before to interest those who hear. him. Change all conversation from indirect to direct discourse. Make If you are sure that you know your the characters speak for themselves, story, see your story, feel your story, for direct discourse makes a stronger love your story, and are living your appeal to the imagination and makes stOry, you are ready to tell it. Tell the characters seem more real and it to your group, but do not be conalive. Direct discourse gives action tent with telling it on just one occaand life to the story. sion. Use the story over and over again to different audiences whenever Read 80mething of the historical this is possible. background of the story. If it should be the story of Jimmy Standby (listed As you come before your audience, below), look up Labrador and Dr. the first thing you need is confidence. Grenfell in an encyclopedia to get an You must feel with confidence that appreciation of the background of the you have something worth while to story. If you are going to teIl an give. Think to yourself, "I have a African or Chinese story, you need to message in this story-it is a great know the manners and customs of life message-which I wish to share these people and their mode of ex- with my audience." Then speak with pressing themselves. assurance and wi,th authority.

Read the story over several times, Avoid apology. Deliver the story in aloud if possible. As you read it an emphatic way. A story-teller once over, picture each event. See the said before the beginning of the story, events of the story as clearly as if "I don't know this story very well." Your audience will find that out sooner or later.

Be sure to tell your principal events ence of God, and as his hearers lis- just as they occur. Do not be guilty tened to Him they knew that He had of saying, "Oh, I forgot to tell YOu." truly been with God.

If you do forget a part, weave it into the story so that your hearers will not Suggested List of Home and Foreign know it has been omitted. Missionary Stories and Story Books Be natural, be yourself, and look The Gift. By Anita B. Ferris, in December, your best. Be yourself at your best 1928, Everyland, M. H. Leavis, North Camand look yourself at your best. If bridge, Mass. (Many other splendid stories you are ill or tired and must go in old issues of Everyland may be also sethrough with the story, never let your cured.) audience suspect it. They have a All God'. Children. By Julius F. Seebach, Women's Missionary Society, United Lu- theran Church in America, Philadelphia.

right to the best you can give them. Primary Picture Stories. Missjonary Educa- They don't want to Hsten to nor look tion Movement, New York. Each Bet conat a half sick or tired story-teller. sists of a pamphlet of four to 8ix short The story-teller should be neat and stories suitable for telling, accompanied by attractive in appearance and never illustrative pIctures. Africa, China, India, Italy, Japan, Latin America. Little Neigh- bors, Negro, Playing Together, Young Amerl· cans, Alaska Picture Stories.

wear anything that will detract from Nine Home Mission Stories. M. E. M., New the story. York_ Remember that your audience sees They Love Him Too. Pamphlet of six stories you before it nears your story. Strive for primary children. M. Ill. M., New York. to appear at ease. Seek to possess a voice that has purity of tone, clear- Book of Missionary Heroes. By Basil Mathews. ness, and distinct enunciation. Use correct English and as beautiful Eng- Tell Me a Hero Story. By Mary Stewart.

Book. of Goodwill. Vol. I and Vol. II. Pub· lished by National Council for the Prevention of War, 532 Seventeenth St., N. W., Wash- ington, D. C.

lish as you know, provided it is simple Friends of Ours. By Elizabeth Colson.

enough for your age group. Stories of Brotherhood. By Hunting.

Avoid mannerisms. Do not play Love Stories of Great Missionaries. By Belle with your beads ()r set the wave in M. Brain.

your hair as you talk. We are all Jimmy Standby (True Story Told by Dr. Gren· fell). Story WorShip Services for the Jnnlor very apt to have a mannerism of some Chnrch. By Mary Kirkpatrick Berg.

kind, and the difficulty is that we do Our Porto Rican Neighbors. By Charles W. not see our own mannerism as others St. John. see it. Mannerisms detract from the Great Missionaries for Young People, By Jeanne M. Serrell.

story by calling attention to the man- Missionary Stories for Little Folks. Second nerism rather than to what the speak- Series–Junior. By Margaret Applegarth.

er is saying. Stories of Service for Young People Remember that you speak through The Boy Who Decided to Follow Christ. By your body, your voice, and your lan- 1-fargaret Eggleston, in Use of Story in Re· guage. Seek to make each one of ligious Education. these agencies always at its best. A Cluster of American Beauties. By Mrs. E. Jesus was the Master Story-teller C. Cronk. Published by Women's Mission· and He used the story for much of ary Societies of the Lutheran Church, 844 His teaching. Let u.s look to Him for Drexel Bldg.• Philadelphia, Pa. our example. Jesus spoke with au- The Two Searcher$ alId Marked for a Mast, and other stories. By Margaret Eggleston, in Fireside Storie. for Girls in Their Teens.

thority; He always kept the way open The First Christmas Tree. By Field, adapted between His mind and God's: He for telling in "Youth and Story Telling." knew the will of His Father; He be- By C. P. Maus, pamphlet No. 10, Internalieved in His work; He believed in tional Council of Religious Education, ~ S. His class; He believed in the possi- Wabash Ave., Chicago, Ill. Also contains m~tbod in story-telling and excellent bibll· ography of stories for young people.

bility of the disciples; He saw the No one can dispose of Christianity possibility of the group. Jesus gave with bon mot. No one can read the Gosall that He had for His c1as·s; He pel without feeling the real presence of gave His life for His people. Jesus Jesus. His personality pulsates in every carried with Him a sense of the pres- word.-Einstein.

WOMAN'S HOME AND FOREIGN

EDITED BY FLORENCE E. QUINLAN, 105 22nd Street, New York, and FLORENCE G. TYLER, 419 Fourth Avenue, New York Exe,cutive Secretaries of the Council of Women for Home Missions and Federation of Woman's Boards of Foreign Missions of North America World Day of Prayer 1,484 places in 1930. The figures for Offerings for Home Missions' Foreign Missions are not available but are doubtless approximately similar, a Er9.g[!!ll Number of Places and Amounts Dollar. total of almost $20,000 in 1930. Gifts from the 1930 observance are still ar- 260.00 26,000 riving. 250,00 Z5.000 In 1931-What1 24OJ)0 24.000 230.00 23,000 We approach the 1931 observance 220.00 22,000 with keen anticipation. How many 210.000 21,000 more participants will be using the 200.00 20.000 program, and the topic·s for prayer 190,00 IS,OOO on the "Call"? How many young peo- IBO.oo B,OOO ple's groups will join the circle of 170.00 7,000 intercession? How many Children's 160.00 6,000 Hours will be held? How many sta- ISo,OO 5.000 tions, community centers, schools, 140.00 4,000 homes, hospitals conducted by the boards will observe the day? How 130.00 3.000 much advance will be made possible for the four projects through free 120.000 2,000 will offerings? 110,00 1,000 100.000 0.000 It is recommended that the entire 90,000 ,DOD offering be sent undesignated either ,DOD to the Federation of Woman's Boards 80,000 ,000 of Foreign Missions, 419 Fourth Ave- 70,00 nue, New York City or Council of 6.000 Women for Home Missions, 105 East 60.00 ,000 22nd Street, New York City; it will 50,000 then be equally divided between home ,000 and foreign work. It is not necessary 40.000 ,000 to send two checks; there is a recip- 30.000 ,000 rocal arrangement between the two 20.000 ,000 offices. 10.000 "ALL ONE BODY WE" 1910 19111922 1923 1914 1915 1926 1917 1918 1919 1930 It is an inspiration to have a share This graph was in the Exhibit of in the four projects presented for inthe North American Home Missions terest and gifts on the World Day of Congress held in December in Wash- Prayer. It is equally an inspiration ington, D. C. So many expressed in- to have those among whom the projterest that it is here reproduced. ects are conducted participate in the In 1920 for the first united observance of the World Day of Prayer, 50,- 000 programs were used. Each year has shown increase. In 1926 the number had reached 111,900; the next year 179,800, and in 1930 it was 254,- 900.

The contributions for Home Mission work have climbed from $162 from 25 places in 1922 to $3,509 from 629 places in 1926, and to $9,915 from World Day of Prayer, February 20, 1931 Intercession is the putting forth of the vital energy of the Ch.urch.

135

observance-women and children for Europe Switzerland whom a plea for Christian literature is Greece Italy made, girls in the union colleges in Bulgaria France the Orient, migrant families who Hungary Denmark travel hither and yon in the United Norway States following the crops, American Austria England Indian boys and girls in the govern- Poland Scotland ment schools having religious work Germany Wales directors-uniting with the other Netherlands women and young people all around Were one to cite the various provthe globe. inces or states within each country, Indian students attending Sherman the list would indeed suggest a voyage of geographical discovery. In China Institute, Riverside, California, joined the observance has reached even to in the great world-wide observance on Tibet, in India from Assam to the March 7, 1930, an Indian student pre- western frontier. Doubtless there are siding at the meeting. An offering countries and districts from which we was taken for "migrant boys and girls have not heard. If you know of any who do not have the same opportunity not included in the above list, will you for schooling that Indian .students at not send us word? Sherman Institute have." In closing, Indian stUdents, white friends and PRAYING, WITNESSING- Mexican children together voiced the TOGETHER "World Family Prayer." "Together still! E'en though we part, At the government schools in Al- Our life is one in prayer; buquerque and Sante Fe, New Mexico, the Indian students also held meet- Our hearts are ever where Thou art, And Thou art everywhere. ings. Indian students tangibly expressing About the world Thy servants stand: With them one song we sing, interest in migrant work-older Indians, including those in Canada and Thy conquering love in every land, Alaska making their contributions- Thy triumph, Christ, our King!" the Netherlands sending a financial gift to the work carried on by Amer- -FRANK MASON NORTH. ica-silver links of friendship in the forging! SOME OF YOUTH'S "LONG THOUGHTS" TRiTLY WORLD-WIDE By JANE GILBERT Word has reached us directly or indirectly that the World Day of Prayer In the life of the church at home and abroad young people are vitally is observed in the fonowing: important, and are recognized as such. They are not only the hope of the Asm Cuba future; they are the indispensable Porto Rico need of the present. Eager as they Japan British Guiana are for responsibility, for the chance Korea Venezuela to pioneer, young people expect and China Colombia welcome friendly cooperation from Siam Brazil older people-cooperation of the right Burma Ar![entina sort, not too closely linked with "super- India Chlle vision" or "guidance." Young people Persia are not always convinced they need Syria Oceanm that. How to blend the energy of Turkey youth with the experience of – well, New Zealand not age exactly, but let's say, middle The Americas Australia age-for satisfactory results is a prob- Philippine Islands lem which deserves today all the open- Alaska Hawaii minded study it receives and more. Canada United States Afriea A group of young people's secre- Mexico taries came together recently through Guatemala Congo BeIge mutual interest in the responsibility Nicaragua Cameroun Sierra Leone

WOMAN'S HOME AND FOREIGN BULLETIN

of the church to make Christ known people themselves are not responsible to the whole world. They discussed have had something to do with in- "some of the outstanding problems of fluencing their views. Why have there mission work which especially concern been more volunteers than there has the young people of the churches and been money to send? Some needed which are of the greatest import to contacts have not been made if any the adults who have on their hearts young person has an antiquated idea the future of the foreign mission of what a missionary really is. The enterprise." The quotation is from sixth statement will be recognized as the published findings of the discus- one which, however it may affect our sion group.* missionary force abroad, has its de- cidedly bright side. Our own hemi- One question which received pro- sphere has its non-Christian areas, too. longed discussion was: Why are not young people volunteering for foreign Having advanced potent reasons for service in as great numbers as for- the decrease in volunteers for difficult merly, and why is it hard to secure places abroad, those present were not workers for the difficult places abroad? without ideas as to remedial measures. Fifteen reasons, reflecting the frank About a dozen suggestions came from opinions of young people, were ad- the group. Two of these are proposivanced with varying degrees of em- tions which have been deep-rooted in phasis. All of them are worthy of the thought of Christian education: thoughtful attention on the part of missionary leaders. Certain of the More missionary education should be fifteen come home with special force presented in children's groups. to the average worker in church and missionary circles. . They indicate There should be an integration of mischanged conditions and changed view- sionary education and the program of points. Christian education in the local church.

Note these reasons as stated; the A suggestion that naturally followed order of the statements has no rela- was that the "programs of missionary tion to their relative importance. societies should be more broadly pre- pared in order to interest young peo- 1. Some are questioning whether or ple," and also that "there needs to be not we have a right to carry our religion an attractive presentation of missions, to other countries. dwelling on the larger implications." A valuable hint for effective presenta- 2. Young people are loath to give up tion of the subject is found in the idea a good financial position at home for one that young people are interested in the which brings smaller financial returns. testimony of nationals. We would all agree that the simple witnessing to 3. Many are not willing to spend the the abundance of life brought to nonlonger time in preparation now neces- Christians by Jesus Christ is more sary, and others cannot, because of the convincing than many eloquent adreal financial problem involved. dresses.

4. Antiquated and inadequate idea of Here is a reasonable and far-reachwhat a missionary really is. ing thought: 6. The fact that there have been more There should be representation of volunteers than there has been money to young women directly associated with send has resulted in discouraging volun- young people on the denominational misteers and prospective volunteers. sion boards.

6. The opening to young women of so many fields of service in Christian education in addition to those of minister, missionary and deaconess.

A careful consideration of these six Another challenging suggestion had out of the fifteen reasons will show to do with phraseology: that conditions for which the young The word "missions" must be re- • A fuller report of the Findings was pub- claimed in all its beauty and meaning lished on pages 373-375 of May. 193(). REVImW. for youth.

That the honorable word "missions" DfTERl'IATIONAL RELATIONS has fallen into disrepute has been a matter of frequent discussion. What Co~~iti~!!.o~'ni~:~at"ioe::l w:fa~r~~. b,rr 8:: pale cast of dull meetings or inconsistent action has dimmed that word Federation and Counell. Mimeographed cople. which should sparkle and glow with may be secured from either organization, Ii cents truth and love and life, and all the each. brave deeds that have borne rich gifts across the world? What attitude of A printed program, iiBlessed Are the Peacepatronage, what superiority complex Makers," has also b~en prepared by these has done this despite to a word so Committees and may be procured from any denoble? And how may the harm be nominational headquarters for 2 cents, $1.75 undone so that the beauty and mean- per 100. ing of the word "missions" may be Courses for Study restored? Basil Mathews, in his book on the • Courses starred are especially reeom~ mended. Jerusalem Meeting, Roads to tke City of God, sees great significance in the *1. The Turn Toward Peace. Florchanged phraseology of our day. He ence Brewer Boeckel has pre- pared this study book for womcontrasts the lists of subjects chosen en and young people. Pubfor "Jerusalem 1928" with those for lished by Friendship Press of "Edinburgh 1910." "Underlying that Council of Women for Horne whole list," he writes, "is a profound Missions and Missionary Edu- cation Movement. Leaders' revolutionary change." helps are available. Southern For the subject of 1910, "The Mis- Methodist women are using it in study classes. 60c. sionary Message in relation to non- Christian Religions," we have in 1928 "'II. On Earth Peace. Very usable "The Christian Life and Message in course of six lessons. A symrelation to non-Christian systems." posium; published by the Cen- "Today," Mr. Mathews points out, tral Committee on the United Study of Foreign Missions for " 'Christian' has replaced 'Missionary,' the Federation of Woman's 'Life' precedes 'Message,' and 'Non- Boards of Foreign Missions Christian Systems' replaces 'Religions.' and Council of Women for Some of the profound implications of Home Missions. Order from this change of missionary attitude we Mission Boards or Miss M. H. shall see. ….. What they ultimately Leavis, P. O. Box 4, North involve we can only now, however, be- Cambridge, Mass. 2Oc. gin to grasp. It will be the fascinating To this should be added material and often baffling task of the new on the Root Protocol of the generation to work them out in World Court and also on the thought and action in their bearing on Pact of Paris (Kellogg Peace the whole leavening and transforming Pact). relation of Christianity to the world community of human life." "'III. The New World Road Guide. Excellent six chapter course. Can we make the one word "mis- Brief, but may be made more sions" stand for "The Christian Life comprehensive. League of Naand Message in relation to non-Chris- tions Association, 6 East 39th tian Systems?" Can we make it real St., New York. lOco by a faithful living of the life, un- IV. Adventuring in World Cooperadaunted delivery of the message? Who tion by Jerome Davis and Danknows but that in the carrying out of iel A. Poling. Helpful outlines this "fascinating and often baffling for discussion, divided into task" by the young people of today four parts: Our World Conand tomorrow, the word "missions" tacts; Our Misunderstandings; Our Conflicts; Friendship as may come again into its own? an Inst:rument. Published by the United Society of Christian Endeavor, 41 Mt. Vernon St., Boston, Mass. 25c.

*V. Thinking It Through by Evelyn Riley Nicholson. Discussion on World Peace; very good. Methodist Book Concern, New York. 40c.

VI. World Peace Primer by Mrs. E. K. Bowman, Helena, Montana. Series of 21 simple lessons. 25c.

VII. General Study Course on the Home Missions and Missionary Educa- Way to Peace. 6 lessons. based tion Movement, New York. 60c. on Between War and Peace. National Council for Preven- tBetween War and Peace by Florence tion of War, 532 17th St., N. Brewer Boeckel. Macmillan, New York. W., Washington, D. C. Sent $2.50. free on request to those who order the book. On Eartk Peace. Central Committee. Order from Mission Boards or Miss M. ·VIII. The Ckurckes and World Peace. H. Leavis, P. O. Box 4, North Cambridge, Syllabus. Federal Council of Mass. 20c. Churches, 105 East 22d St., New York. 25c. Educating for Peace by John L. and Elizabeth M. Lobingier. Pilgrim Press, *IX. Working for World Peace Boston. $2.00. Through Organized Justice and Goodwill. Commission on The World Talks It Over by Burr International Relations, Na- Price. Rae D. HankIe, Inc., 425 Fourth tional Council of Congrega- Ave., New York. $1.75. tional Churches, 287 Fourth Ave., New York. 10c. Building International Goodwill. Sym- posium. Macmillan, New York. $1.50. X. A World Outlook. Discussion course by Y. M. C. A., 10 South Christianity and International Peace La Salle St., Chicago, TIl. In by Charles E. Jefferson. Crowell, New quantities of 10 or more, 15c. York. $1.25.

Short Discussion Programs Women at the World's Crossroads by Maude Royden. Woman's Press. New Could be developed In one meeting York. $1.25.

I. Ask Me Anotker. Questions and War: Its Causes, Consequence8 and II. answers on International Af- Cure by Kirby Page. Doran, New York. III. fairs. National League of Wom- $1:50. IV. en Voters, 1015 Grand Central V. Terminal Bldg., New York. 10c. International Friendship Through Ck-il- dren's Books by Clara W. Hunt. Book VI. Is the United States Cooperating lists. League of Nations Association, 6 VII. to Build Permanent Peace? The East 39th St., New York. 5c. Inquiry, 129 East 52d St., New York. Free. Disarmament by Salvado de Madari- aga. Comprehensive, witty study of the Thinking Peace: A Quiz. Wom- international movement to limit armies en's Missionary Society, Re- and navies. Coward-McCann, 425 formed Church in the U. S., Fourth Ave., New York. $5.00. 1505 Race St., Philadelphia, Pa. Sttrvey of Foreign Relations by Charles 10c. P. Howland. Yale University Press, New Haven, Conn., $5.00. Is America Blocking tke Way to World Peace? N. Y. League of America's Naval Challenge by Fred- Women Voters, 420 Lexington erick Moore. Explodes arguments for a Ave., New York. 25c. larger Navy. Macmillan, New York. $1.50. Arbitration, the Only Substitute for War. 150 Questions and Highways to International Goodwill Answers. National Committee by Walter Van Kirk. Abingdon Press, on the Cause and Cure of War. New York. $1.00. 1116 Grand Central Terminal Bldg., New York. 15c. Dr…….atizatioDs Our Foreign Policy. Discussion in The Nations Talk About Peace. Round form of questions and answers. Table Discussion. Very good on League N. Y. Federation of Progressive of Nations. League of Nations Associa- Women, 15 East 40th St., New tion, 6 East 39th St., New York. Mimeo- York. 15c. graphed. lOco Know Your Foreign Policy. Series Bigger and Better Wars by J. Clyde of 6 pamphlets. Nat ion a 1 Keegan. Presents causes of war and League of Women Voters, 1015 sentiment on folly of war. Powell and Grand Central Terminal Bldg., White, Edwards Bldg., Cincinnati, Ohio. New York. 20c. 50c.

Bibliography A Pageam.t of Peace by Beula.h Ma.rie The Turn Toward Peace by Florence Dix. Depicts War and his followers and Brewer Boeckel. Council of Women for Peace and his follOWers. American School Citizenship League, 295 Common- wealth Ave., Boston. 12c.

t Ha. comprehensive Bibliography on Peace and International Problem•.

They Juat Won't Talk by Mary Kath- busy men and women. Federal Council erine Reely. Short. Impresses need for of Churches, 105 East 22d St., New abolition of war toys. Reprint from York. Free. (Many other helpful The Virginia, Teacher. To be secured pamphlets are prepared by the Federal from E. Estelle Downing, Michigan State Council.) Normal School, Ypsilanti, Mich. 10c. What Do You Know About Disarma- Other dramatizations and pageants ment? National League of Women may M obtained from National Council Voters, 1015 Grand Central Terminal for Prevention of War, 532 17 St., N. W., Bldg., New York. 5c. Washington, D. C. and from League of Nations Association, 6 East 39th St., Essential Facts in Regard to The New York, and from The Commission on League of Nations, The World Court and Missions (Congregational), 14 Beacon the International Labor Organizatlion. St., Boston, Mass. 5c. A study course is also based on this pamphlet. League of Nations Associa- Pamphlets tion, 6 East 39th St., New York.

A PracticaJ Program for the Promo- International Concilia,tion. Monthly tion of International Goodwill. Bureau except July and August. 25c for one of Education, U. S. Department of In- year, $1.00 for five years. Carnegie Enterior, Washington, D. C. (Write for dowment for International Peace, 405 other leaflets also.) Free. West 117th St., New York.

The Moral Damage of War to the GEORGE WASHINGTON SAID School Child by Walter Walsh. American Peace Society, Washington, D. C. From The World Almanac, 1931 5c. Our Constitution enjoins that the will The Multilateral Treaty. National of the majority shall prevail. League of Women Voters, 1015 Grand Central Terminal Bldg., New York. 5c. No man can with propriety or good conscience correct others for a fault he The Renunciation of War by Kirby is guilty of himself. Page. Doubleday Doran Co., New York. 10c. Virtue or morality is a necessary spring of popular government. The WM'ld Co'urt by George Mc- Kesham. Workers Education Press, 476 Truth will ultimately prevail where W. 24th St., New York. 25c. there is pains taken to bring it to light.

The World Court by Manley O. Hud- Teach the people themselves to know son. World Peace Foundation, Boston, and to value their own rights. Mass. 30e. The propitious smiles of Heaven can The Root Formula and the W M'ld never be expected on a nation that dis- Court. National League of Women regards the eternal rules of order and Voters, 1015 Grand Central Terminal right which Heaven itself has ordained. Bldg., New York. 10e. The very idea of the power and right ChristirLnity's Supreme Rival by Harry of the people to establish government Emerson Fosdick. Riverside Church, presupposes the duty of every individ- New York. 10e. ual to obey the established goverriment.

Let Us Have No More War by Ruth Every attempt to alienate any portion Boyce. Good Housekeeping, New York. of our country from the rest should be 25c. indignantly frowned upon.

The Way to a Warle8s World by Let us impart all the blessings we pos- Evelyn Riley Nicholson. Abingdon Press, sess, or ask for ourselves, to the whole New York. 25c. family of mankind.

War, Its Causes, Consequences and My public al.d private sentiments are Cure by Kirby Page. Doran, New York. at all times alike. 15c. If I have faltered more or less Reports of the Conferences on the In my great task of happiness; Cause and Cure of War. 4 vols., each If I have moved among my race 50c. Vol. 1930 Conference, $1. National And shown no glorious morning face; Committee on the Cailse and Cure of If beams from happy human eyes War, 1511 Grand Central Terminal Have moved me not; if morning skies, Bldg., New York. Books, and my food, and summer rain Knocked on my sullen heart in vain- A Ten-Year Review of the League of Lord, thy most pointed pleasure take, Nations. League of Nations Associa- And stab my spirit broad awake; tion, 6 East 3!Jth Street, New York. 15c. Or Lord, if too obdurate I, Choose Thou, before that spirit die, International Relations of the United A piercing pain, a killing sin, States. Series of brief summaries for And to my dead heart run them in!

-Robert Louis Stevenson, in The Celestial Surgeon.

inundation of her province

this decided answer to the question: Freedom for the Gospel "Why not wait till China is settled?"

T HE Chinese Nationalist Govern- "There is much need just now, and ment has not thus far put any you can scarcely imagine us giving legal restraint upon the preaching of the Chinese a few texts and departthe Christian Gospel in churches, ing, saying we will be back when the chapels, markets or homes. On the country becomes peaceful. That sort contrary, reports from China show a of thing is not done in decent circles great and general receptiveness to the at home, and surely we are above such Gospel and its missionaries eve n things in the Master's service out am 0 n g -students of government here." schools. Though the Lord allows some to The Board of Foreign Missions of suffer, His power and protection are the Presbyterian Church says in a re- manifest. But let prayer continue, for cent report: "the weapons of ·our warfare are not carnal, but mighty through God to In view of the fact that our evan- the pulling down of strongholds."- gelistic missionaries are fewer by 15 China's Millions. per cent than in 1925, the Board would cooperate to the fullest degree possible Public Education Program with the Chinese Church's present evangelistic movement by calling and ap- T HE National Educational Conferpointing to this work China's full usual ence at Nanking, with over a share of the accepted candidates of the hundred delegates from twenty-one current year, by making at least the provinces, urged a program of deusual provision for theological schools velopment, within twenty years, of and Bible training institutes, and by facilities for elementary education for urging all missionaries whose activities forty million children of school age, in other directions are hindered to de- to require 1,400,000 teachers, one milvote themselves to enthusiastic evan- lion schoolrooms and an annual budget gelism with their Chinese associates. of $280,000,000; also facilities within the same time for adult education for Missionaries in China two hundred million adults ranging from 16 to 60 years, using the public T HE Rev. Charles L. Boynton, edi- school facilities and an additional tor of the Directory of Protestant budget of $250,OOO,OOO.-The Congre- Missions in China for the year 1930 re- gationalist. ports that there were 6,346 Protestant missionaries on April I, 1930, as com- Persecution in China pared with approximately 8,250 on January I, 1927. Of these, 5,496 are CHRISTIANITY has never in its reported as in China and 950 absent history been as severely perseon furlough, making a net increase cuted as it is now being per.secuted in of 811 in China as compared with the Russia and in parts of China. The corresponding date in 1929 and an in- present persecution is subtle in its crease of 1,183 over 1928.-Chinese Recorder.

A Time to Go Forward ONE of the China Inland mission- methods and inspired by hatred. Yet aries who has been forced from the persecutors are by no means her station by the present military wholly bad, in fact their interest in 141

and sympathy for the downtrodden reported ravaged and the majority of man has probably been indirectly in- Chinese slain. The bodies were left spired (and unknown to them) by the unburied, scattered over the country- Christian Gospel. side. Leader·s of the despoilers were China has a larger border on Rus- identified as military generals, sworn sia than any other country, and it is enemies of the Chinese and the Na- inevitable that there must be much tionalist Government. Russian influence there. Today there For more than half a century the are perhaps 100,000 military men un- Moslems have battled against their der Soviet orders in China. Chinese overlords in this scantily pop- We ask you to pray that we may be ulated and wild area.

faithful witnesses and delivered from Before the Christian era bands of evil. For a long time Christian mis- Tartars surged from Turkestan into sionaries have been welcomed in Northwest China. Mohammedans to- China, and pOBBibly our work has been day make up a third of the population, too easy. Now it is difficult and we and since they are ethnically distinct must be faithful. The registration of from the Chinese and maintain their ·schools creates a problem, but the own customs, hatred is bitter between Nanking Government has not forbid- the two groups. The most serious up- den voluntary Christian teaching, and rising occurred between 1861 and our most imp'ortant task is to keep 1877. One of the most recent con- the Christian teachers in touch with flicts was on September 24th last year, the Chinese boys and girls. To close with 3,000 Mohammedans reported the schools would defeat this end. We slain by Chinese.

must be faithful witnesses to Christ.

-Bishop Roots, of Hankow. Oontinued 7'rouble in Ohina Moslem Uprising HONAN, Hunan, Hupeh, Kiangsi and Chekiang Provinces-all in ADISPATCH to the New York East Central China – are still the Times from Shanghai, dated Dec. Bcenes of violent "Red" activity. These 28, reports that at least 30,000 Chi- Communists are reported to have cap- nese in Northwestern Kansu Province tured a number of towns, destroying had been massacred during the last property, looting and killing.

two months by roving armies of Mo- Kanchow, Southern Kiangsi Prov- hammedans attempting to start a ince, center of Communist disturb- revolution against the Nationalist ances for more than a year, which is Government. The Mohammedans were one of the towns reported captured, is massacring, burning towns and laying the station of the China Inland Mis- waste the countryside. Two years ago sion.

the Mohammedans went on the war- Figures compiled by the vernacular path and pillaged, looted and murdered press indicated Communists and ban- thousands of Chinese. dits in Kiangsi Province had slain The Nationalist Government has 130,000 persons and destroyed prop- been asked to send troops to oppose erty valued at approximately $100,- the Mohammedans, "otherwise every 000,000 during the past year.

living Chinese of Northwest Kansu, These figures, while considered ex- where Mohammedan authority now cessive, present evidence of the de- reigns supreme, will be slain." struction of life and property by out- Dispatches report that an army of laws roaming the Yangtse Valley, Mohammedans, "entered one wwn of whose depredations continue daily.

20,000 inhabitants, looted everything The Nationalist Government i.s do- and then killed every person before ing its utmost to eliminate the bandit- burning the town with its streets piled Communist menace.

high with corpses." Two missionaries from Basle, Er- Many districts near Liangchow were nest Fischel and Edward Walters,

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

have been released, upon payment of come their authorized parent. The ransom, by bandits who held them same law stipUlates that the parent captive for sixteen months in the in- has within the conformity to laws of terior of Kwangtung. the country almost absolute power over their children until they reach JAPAN-KOREA maturity.

112,000 Pla.ees of Wo….hip The heart of Christ must yearn for these little victims who are murdered, FACTS of startling significance as speedily or slowly. Christians must . to the attendance and offerings at pray and also act to lift this curse some of the ancient shrines and tem- which rests upon the millions of J apples of Japan are revealed in an in- anese children.-The Friend of Japan. vestigation by the Shrine Bureau of the Japanese Home Office. Are Japanese Teachers Progressive!

The report states that there are AFEW days ago I was a guest at a 112,000 shrines, temples and other dinner given by thirty-five teachplaces of worship in Japan today, but ers of the Academy Department of daily offerings at the various shrines, Meiji Gakuin, our boys' school in which up to a few yeanl ago were Tokyo. At least three of these men more than enough to support the have studied theology abroad. Ansacred places, have dwindled to such other has written a large volume on an extent that they scarcely suffice to the fifty years' history of Meiji Gakuin keep the priests in the barest neces- and was a collaborator in producing a sities of life.-Outlook of Missions. recent commentary on the Gospel of John. Another has just completed a' Ill-Used Japanese Children commentary on Galatians, and is now seeking translation rights on one of JAPAN is known as the "paradise of the recent publications of the British children" but it is also a hell for theologian Moffatt. Still another is many little ones. A Japanese news- the editor of a magazine for Sundaypaper reveals the shocking conditions school workers, and contributes arexisting among thousands of children ticles for children to one of the in Japan. This paper reports 200,000 leading church weeklies. illegitimate children ate born annually in Japan; that half-a-milUon little This is a glimpse of the inside life ones are destroyed in various ways of our mission school in Tokyo. Conevery year. Over 1,000 babie,s an- stantly the quality of the corps of innually are forsaken on the streets by structors is improving, and a constant those who are supposed to be their effort is being made to exert a strong guardians. The leading acts in the Christian influence on our 1,600 stu- Japanese circus are dangerous feats dents.-H. V. E. Stegeman, in Chrisperformed by hesitant little children, tian InteUigencer. uncertain and afraid. Babies are purchased at different prices from the Methodism United in Korea brokers by greedy people who hope to develop their purchases into merchan- ACABLEGRAM received fro m dise of great value. There are also Bishop James C. Baker states that numerous "Homes" all over Japan the Korean missions of the Methodist where little girls are being trained to Episcopal Church and of the Methodist become licensed prostitutes. The same Episcopal Church, South, were united paper (Tokyo Nicki-Nichi) reports into an independent Korea Methodist that 4,000,000 children (presumably Church on Mbnday, December 8. The little girls) under the age of 15, are Rev. Ju-Sam Ryang, a Korean, who engaged in slavish toil. The Civil Law has for six years served as superinof Japan provides that anybody with tendent of the Siberian-Korea Misindependent status may adopt chil- sion, the organization of the Church, dren, no matter how many, and be- South, was elected the first bishop of

the new church. Bishop Ryang is a mountain peak down to the court in graduate of Vanderbilt University and Seoul. How like its functions to those of Yale Divinity School (B.D., '14). He of churches. North, east, south and is also chairman of the Korea National west from these centers the Gospel Christian Council, and was a delegate has gone and is giving out Gospel to the ,ferusalem Meeting of the In- light.-Charles AUen Clark.

ternational Christian Council in 1928.

The new Methodist Church in.Korea THE ISLANDS OF THE SEA starts with a total membership of New Situation in Dutch East Indies T about 25,000; an -ordained Korean HE missions of the Netherland-s are confined principally to the ministry of 125; and will have some 800 churches and chapels. Dutch East Indies, which have a pop- Sunday School Institute ulation of about sixty millions. It is possible for their missionaries to get AFIVE-DAY Sunday School Teach- along with their own language, which ers Institute was conducted in is taught in many of the schools, and Anju, Korea, last summer. Matricula- with the Malay. The work is carried tion fees were paid by 165, about 500 on in two large areas, Java, with Ma- attended each evening and at least dura and the other islands which are 1,500 participated in the open air rally termed the "outer districts." Java has and parade.. Work was presented for a popUlation of 35,000,000, mostly Mo- leaders of three different age groups. hammedan. Islam is said to be more Delegates came from as far as 80 fanatical in the west than in the east.

miles distant and probably one-half It has started a new movement, which journeyed an average of 30 miles, and has come over from British India and mostly on foot. The motto was "Thy from Egypt. It is seen in two asso- Kingdom Come" and each day the ciations, the Sarikat Islam and the chapel talk followed some phase of Mohammedyah, which seem to embody that slogan. the Mohammedan sentiment. Their "Anju is an ancient city, possibly activity is exerted mainly in erecting over 1,000 years old. The old crum- schools for teaching Mohammedanism bling walls are still left and two of the and establishing hospitals and poor ancient gates beside -several of the houses. At the same time Islam lookout pavilions. All of the houses -strives to adapt itself to the newer of the inner city were destroyed in education. This has created a new the Chinese-Japanese War of 1895. situation for missions. Christians are There was a battle here in the J ap- now frequently asked as to their mes- anese-Russian War in 1904, and there sage about God. In Java, where for- are Russian and Japanese graves up merly baptisms could be counted by on the hill above the town. In 1903 tens, they now occur by the hundreds.

there wasn't a Christian within ten Self-supporting congregations are be- miles. Today there are 1,200 in the ing formed and the training of Javan town and large churches in the vil- pastors and evangelists has become a lages in all directions, all self-support- live problem.

ing and under their own pastors. In Equally good reports come from the 1903 the whole wall of the city was "outer districts." Some regions are lined with little spirit shrines and already entirely Christianized. The there were high altars on the hills. most important of the Molucca Islands Now we do not find one shrine though are Christian. In the Sangi and Ta- we may hear the boom of the sor- laut Islands the largest part of the ceress' drum. Up in the hill near the population is Christian. Two ques- town is one of those ancient 'fire tions there agitate the minds, one, how mountains' where they used to build to make the church self-supporting, fires as signals of danger, ,signals that the other, how to teach the Christian were relayed from mountain peak to religion to those of the third genera-

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

tion. In New Guinea apparently the Cardinals, vice-president of Men's population is becoming Christian in Work Commission, Methodist Episcomass movements. The mission work pal Church; Herbert L. Willett, Chithere is now 75 years old. At first cago; J. T. Henderson, Knoxville; progress was slow. Even twenty-five Myers Y. Cooper, Governor of Ohio; years ago there were only 500 Papuan G. L. Morelock, Nashville; and Ray- Christians. Today there are more mond Rvbins, New York. In recent than 151,000. years there have been numerous men's conventions, as,sembled by certain Oriental-ADlericBllS in Hawaii groups enthusiastic for a forward THESE new Oriental-Americans are march among the men of the church, making a place for themselves. but this is the first gathering that has This is strikingly true of the J apa- been formed by authorized represennese, who now number 137,000 out of tatives of the constituent denominaa total population of 357,000, and who tions. outnumber' the pure Hawaiian stock on a ratio of nearly seven to one. The purpoae of the convention was These Japanese came as plantation six-fold: laborera, yet a recent report shows that only 9,197 Japanese are now em- 1. To make men see the place of the ployed in plantation labor, while of Church in our modern world. the 63,000 Filipinos on the islands, 34,345 are working on sugar planta- 2. To evaluate and vitalize religious tions. The Filipinos are today sup- mvvements among men. plying the labor which was provided by the Japanese a generation ago, 3. To develop in men loyalty to dewhile the Japanese have built them- nominational agencies and programs. selves permanently into the business and social fabric of Hawaii. 4. To promote among men interde- nominational fellowship and coopera- It would be difficult to find under tion.

5. To construct better programs for men in local churches.

6. To lead men to know the mean- ing ,of Christ in their lives.

the American flag a group of school children cleaner, better behaved, mvre Federal Council Convictions W attractive in appearance, or more HAT is the attitude of the Prot- estant Churches of America with eager and able to learn than the 70,- 000 boys and girls attending the pub- reference to unemployment, the world lic schools of Hawaii. With these Court, conscience and citizenship, the American boys and girls of Asiatic control of the liquor traffic, inter- origin, the future of Hawaii rests, and racial relations, social justice, evan- with them is the great opportunity of gelism? How are Christian principles the Christian church.-Jay S. Stowell. to be applied to live issues of the day in The Christian Advocate. and the Christian s p i r i t extended among our people?

NORTH AMERICA Such were the questions faced by Men's Congress in Cincinnati the annual meeting of the Executive ON DECEMBER 11 and 12, the Committee of the Federal Council of churchmen's (longress was held in Churches meeting in Washington, De- Cincinnati, famed for soap and beer cember 2 and 3, and the Council exand formerly for bad government. pressed firmly and clearly the Chris- More than 600 men gathered from ,tian conviction on such subjects. Two twenty-two denominations and all hundred delegates were present, repparts of the United States. The rep- resenting twenty-seven evangelical resentative speakers included Branch churches. Rickey, St. Louis, vice-president and Thl'oughout the meeting much em- general manager of the St. Louis phasis was placed on evangelism and 5

the deeper concerns of the spiritual ing on the life of children, present or life. A ringing message on evangel- future, has been neglected. Mea,sures ism was adopted unanimously. will be suggested and attempted for the protection, conservation and im- The Council did not hesitate to provement of the young lives whose speak plainly and emphatically what is course will coincide with that of the undoubtedly the dominant, if not Nation in coming years. The thirtyunanimous, conviction of the churches five million normal children will be on important national and interna- given consideration as well as the ten tional questions of the day. It urged million variously deficient through imimmediate ratification of the WorId proper nourishment, physical handi- Court protocols now before the Senate. caps or twisted minds. In this latter It also took hearty action advising group are 14,400 blind children, 50,- against building up the navy to the 000 who partially see, and who should full limit allowed. be in sight-saving classes; 342,000 so hard of hearing that they should be On the question of "Conscience and taught lip-reading; 1,000,000 so de- Citizenship" the Executive Committee fective in speech that they require held that "our country is benefited by treatment; 300,000 cripples; 382,000 having as citizens those who unswerv- tuberculosis victims; 850,000 more ingly foHow the dictates of their con- with a trend toward tuberculosis; science and who put allegiance to God 1,000,000 with we a k or damaged above every o.ther consideration." hearts; 675,000 presenting serious behavior problems; and 450,000 men- Religion in the United States tally retarded.

T HE 1926 Federal Census of Re- First Annual Youth Meet ligious Bodies in the United States presents interesting statistics on re- OF OUTSTANDING interest has ligion in this country: Fifty-five per been Colorado's first ann u a I cent of the adult population of the "Youth Conference" under the leader- United States are church members. ship of Rev. Harold M. Gilmore, di- Of the church membership, 61.5 per rector of the Colorado Council of Recent is Protestant, 30 per cent is Ro- ligious Education. It met December man Catholic, 6.6 per cent is Jewish. 5-7, in Denver. There were 425 paid Other bodies, including Mormons and registrations, from more than a dozen Eastern Orthodox, total 1.9 per cent. denominations. There are 232,000 churches in the country, maintained by voluntary The conference was divided into gifts, as against 256,000 public school six commissions each with an adult buildings, maintained by public taxa- leader and each group studied one of tion. It would be interesting to dis- the following subjects: (1) Personal cover the real abiding results, in char- Power of Jesus; (2) Worship and acter building and service, that come Prayer; (3) Christian Conduct; (4) from the money and effort expended Christian Unity; (5) Christian Soon churches and on schools. ciety; (6) Other Youths. A report from each commission was presented Children Who Need Help at the final session.

T HREE thousand leaders from many A permanent organization was parts of the United States, sum- formed with a representative from moned by President Hoover, met each denomination, each section of the in the White House Conference on state, and each type of young people's Child Health and Protection in No- organization. Willard Bozet of Denvember. A thousand specialists from ver was elected president. The genmany fields of child welfare work have eral subject of the conference was been gathering facts in preparation "The Jesus Way of Life." for this conference. No influence bear-

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

Prohibition on the Bowery Two hundred and fifty Japanese fam- COMMANDER EVANGELINE ilies are living in and around New BUUTH Qf the Salvation Army York. The New York Japanese Chrissaid recently that in the days before tian Alliance, which receives some aid Prohibition, a corps of stretcher-bear- from Congregational churches, has in ers sent out by the Army on Saturday its three centers of religious work a nights in New York City used to col- Sunday-school for Japanese children, lect from 1,200 to 1,300 intoxicated church services and a very effective inmen and women from the streets and stitutional and "welcome work" for take care of them until they had unmarried men and visitors to the sobered up. SQmetimes they were city.-Congregationalist.

()bliged even to hire wagons to load Oanadian Baptist RODle Missions the "drunks" and take them to the mission to care for them. After Pro- I N THE past ten years, says The hibition came in, the number was Canadian Baptist:- reduced to 400 almost immediately. Pastors-368 have been stationed Now the average is about seven in all on fields, an average of about 37 a for a Saturday night. year.

Students-A yearly average of 50 Japanese in New York student pastors has been supported, NOT less than 3,000 Japanese trav- thereby supplying the needs of the elers, well-to-do men, often with stUdents, as well as of many churches. their wives, pass through New York Churches Organized – 27 churches City each year. Also about 500 pro- have been organized, an average of fessiQnal, official and business men nearly three a year.

from Japan are living in the city. Missionaries Ordained – 63 h a v e Seventy per cent are less than thirty- been ordained, an average of over six five years old. The very cream of a year.

Japanese young men are being sent Mission Churches Become Self-Sup- here by government agencies, banks, porting-About 60 churches have be- steamship lines and industrial ,firms. come self-supporting, an average of They stay a year or two, then gQ to six per year.

London or some other European city, Chapels Opened-65 church edifices and finally return to become leaders in have been completed, an average of .Japanese commercial life. Aoout a six and a half a year.

thousand Japanese young men are en- BaptIsms – 6,293 candidates have gaged in domestic service in and been baptized, an average of 629 per around New York. Many of them year.

came as students and Qn account of New Missions Established-30 new financial reasons were unable to con- missions have been opened, 10 in New tinue their studies. They include in- Ontario, 10 New-Canadian and 10 dividuals of the finest type. Some have English-speaking in Old Ontario and renewed their studies and completed Quebec, an average of three per year.

their education_ Among these latter is TOYQhiko Kagawa, Japan's foremost Pioneer Work in Alaska T social reformer, who worked as a serv- HE Rev. Dr_ John W. Chapman, of the Protestant EpiscQpal Church, ant for two summers in New York City. Existing immigration regula- is retiring from service in Alaska tions prevent the recruiting of new after forty-three years.

servants even from the students. Only Known as the pioneer miSSionary students financially independent are of the Episcopal Church in the Yukon now admitted. This has reduced the Vall e y, Dr. Chapman established number in New York, so that instead Christ Mission at Anvik, where he has of between four and five hundred, ministered to Alaskan Indians and there are now less than one hundred. Eskimos, 400 miles up the Yukon

River. He has been succeeded in the 1892 and was a principal hOllpital in a work by his son, the Rev. Henry H. chain of institutions 150 miles apart.

Chapman, who was the first white boy to be born in the Yukon Valley. LATIN AMERICA Describing conditions when he first New Days in Mexico arrived at Anvik, he said: "MEXICO is in better condition "The people were absolutely unin- than it has been since I first structed, and were living in practically saw it, a quarter of a century ago,"

the same condition and according to writes Dr. Samuel Guy Inman, Secre- the same ideas and habits of life as tary of the Committee on Cooperation their ancestors. They were clothed in Latin America.

mostly in skins and were getting along "The recent celebration of the nine- almost wholly by hunting and fishing. teen hundredth anniversary of Pen- They were I i vi n g in underground tecost has brought s 0 me splendid houses, dark, dismal and filthy, and spiritual results to Protestantism in they knew no English and we didn't Mexico. One cannot enter an evangeli- know their language. cal church, talk with the evangelical "This situati'on has changed en- workers, or attend interdenomination- tirely. The people are now living in al meetings without appreciating this decent log houses; they have learned influence. All of the churches had our language; they have come into special retreats, sunrise meetings and our church; they and their children Bible studies for weeks before the have been educated in our schools; day itself, and a month after the they have cultivated habits of cleanli- celebration many of these meetings ness, order and industry. They have were continued -as revival services.

learned self-respect. They have even Large numbers of people were brought learned self-government, for at Anvik into church membeI1ship and ministers the few officials are elected. Long and members alike have had profound before you adopted prohibition here, religious experiences. This was par- we imposed it upon ourselves up there. ticularly apparent in interdenomina- We also enforce it. The natives and tional affairs and relationships between the traders aljke drive the bootleggers foreign and national workers.

out as fast as they appear."-The The Committee on Cooperation in Churchman. Mexico and the National Christian Council recently held profitable ses- Grenfell Hospital Burned sions and the Committee -on Coopera- T HE Grenfell Hospital at BattIe tion in Mexico was merged with the Harbor, Labrador, was destroyed National Christian Council, which is by fire on November 3d. ready to organize seriously and take The Grenfell building was unoccu- on real responsibilities. The Mexicans pied, as the mission was moved into requested that missionaries be mem- winter quarters further inland at the bers of the Council. The Boards will end of October. The hospital was designate a missionary who will rep- equipped with twenty beds and was in resent their viewpoint in the Council.

charge of Dr. Moret. It brings deep j.oy to see how much Battle Harbor, a village north of has been accomplished in cooperation Bell e Isle Strait, contains eighty in Mexico in the last fifteen years.

families. Here Sir Wilfred Grenfell Then we had no territorial distribu- has done some of his most notable tion of responsibility, no union insti- work in giving aid through his mis- tutions. Our difficulties have not all sion to the fisher folk of this n~n-thern disappeared yet. Undoubtedly these territory. have come because we have trusted The hospital at Battle Harbor was more in machinery than in the Holy the first one built in Labrador by Doc- Spirit. Spiritual things can not be tor Grenfell. It was constructed in forced. Cooperation must be spiritual

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

or it is nonexistent. In the face of Further information may be ob- Mexico's great challenge today, in the tained from the secretary of the assopresence of the nineteen hundredth ciation, Mr. Robert A. Doan, 50 West anniversary of Pentecost, we ought to Broad Street, Columbus, Ohio. advance into a new era of cooperation, and victory for the Gospel." Feeding Porto Rican Children A Religions Center in Buenos Aires J AST March a school census revealed L that 201,000 children of Porto T HE Association for Christian Co- operation, organized in September Rico· were suffering from malnutriwith Rufus M. Jones as president and tion. Dr. J. S. Crumbine of the Charles J. Ewald as executive secre- American Health Association, who ditary, is offering help in the spiritual rected the survey, found the schools renaissance of Latin America, "where were "filled with underfed, stunted, North American religious forms and diseased children" and declared their institutions are neither appropriate condition to be "a matter for national nor congenial." concern."

The association has offered assist- F'ollowing this survey there was ance to a "Cultural Center for Reli- formed the Porto Rico Child Feeding gious Investigation" in Buenos Aires. Committee of which Governor Theo- The leader of this center is Julhl Na- dore Roosevelt is the honorary chairvarro Monzo, a journalist who has man. This committee is asking the associated with him a group of pro- American public for $500,000 to professional people, university students vide a ,supplementary meal for 50,000 and others who are intere.sted in the of the most seriously undernourished quest for fuller religious truth. Dr. school children. Every cent contributed Monzo plans to open his center to in the United States will be spent for people of all points of view, the only food. Other expenses will be met by qualifications necessary being an open funds of the insular government, unmind and a questing spirit. Art, sci- der the direction of the Commissioner ence, philosophy, history, psychology of Education. and sociology are all to have their place along with spiritual retreats and If a constructive health program is meetings for meditation and prayer. to be carried out and the menacing diseases of the island reduced there This venture is not to be regarded must be insistence on adequate. feedas competing with the missionary pro- ing vf the children, thousands of gram of the Churches, but rather as whom have been accustomed to but supplementing them" where a nonde- one meal a day. nominational approach i,s more effective. EUROPE The association issues the following A Forward Movement in Scotland statement: THIS is not a financial drive.. Nor "The purpose of the Association for is it a new piece of machinery Christian Cooperation ,shall be, in non- which has been created in the very ecclesiastical ways, to strengthen the elaborated workshop of the Church of bond of fellowship and cooperation be- Scotland. Its aim is not to claim tween groups in various countries who Scotland and the world for Presbyare seeking to further appreciation of terianism, but for our Lord Jesus Jesus Christ and to encourage fresh Christ. approaches to the problems of their respective peoples with a view to mak- The movement is an attempt to ing their life and culture more nearly bring to every member· and every conin accord with the spirit and quality gregation of the Church of Scotland of his life." a deeper and more informed sense of the service which we are all called to give, that the spirit of Christ may

penetrate and control the life of Scot- menced work. He was twice elected land and of all the world. It will seek moderator of the Free Church. There to create a new awarene,ss of our com- is a Duff Hall in Calcutta, also a Me- mitments and opportunities, and of morial Celtic Cross in Pitlochry in the infinite resources in God which honor of this distinguished Scot.

are available for us that we may ful- fil our 'Obligations. It is an attempt Protestantism in Spain S to appropriate and realize Acts 1: 8.IXTY years ago the doors of Spain There are two main methods by were opened to Evangelical Chris- which the Forward Movement will tianity. The Revolution of September, seek to express itself: (1) Through a 1868, deservedly known as "la Gl'Ori- call to the service of the Kingdom; osa," put an end to absolutism, and (2) Through local missions of the brought, with other modern rights, re- Kingdom.-Dr. Donald Fraser. ligious liberty. Up to that date a Spaniard could not profess any other Changes in the Salvatio~ Army religion than the Roman Catholic. As T HE High Council of the Salvation late as 1860 a 'group of Spanish gen- Army in London agreed upon two tlemen were prosecuted and sentenced important principles: (1) That any- to seven years of enforced labor for one holding the office of General shall meeting in private houses to read the retire at the age of seventy, without Bible and pray. And only through in- any option of extension; and (2) That sistent foreign influences, the sentence appointment to the office 'Of General was changed to banishment.

shall be by election, and not by the Today many Protestant denomina- per,sonal nomination of the retiring tions are represented in Spain. Scotch leader. The responsibilities of the and Irish Presbyterians started work General are such as to drain the in Andalucia. British and Irish Epis- energies even of a robust person in copalians help the Spanish Reformed the prime of life, and this burden is Church in Madrid, Seville, and other too heavy to be carried beyond sev- towns. German Lutherans and Re- enty. The second provision will give formed support Pastor Frederic Flied- to the Salvation Army a comprehen- ner, who founded the Colegio de E~ sively democratic constitution such as Porvenir, and established work in is best fitted for an international or- other places. Plymouth Brethren have ganization. There is every cause to a flourishing work in Galicia, and hope and to believe that 1930 will be other parts. British Methodists have regarded in the future as a historic churches and schools at Catalufia and year in the Army's history, and all the Balearic Islands. Lately the Meth- its members and their multitudes of odist Episcopal and the Baptist, South, Christian friends will pray that it of America, have come also to help.

may go on from strength to strength These denominations maintain gener- in the service of the Lord Jesus ally fraternal relati'Ons. There are Christ. many Evangelical Spaniards who la- ment the multiplicity of names and Alexander Duff Honored would have a single Evangelical PITLOCHRY in Perthshire observed, Church for all Spain. The American in December, the centenary of the Congregationalists have been working sending out of Alexander Duff as the in Spain since 1871 and now have six first missionary of the Church of ·stations.

Scotland. This town was the birth- No complete ,statistics have ever been place of this pioneer of educational made. The total Evangelical Spaniards missions in India. He sailed from is reckoned by some as about 10,000, Scotland in 1829, but he was twice others go much further and say 20,- shipwrecked enroute, so that it was 000. But the progress made by the the following year in which he com- Evangelical work cannot be measured

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

by statistics. Protestants are a very was arrested 'On April 14, accused of small minority. Still, the mere fact making attacks upon Islam in a public of their existence is an incalculable meeting. The charges were false but benefit for Spain, and their influence the government and court were pre- is immensely out ·of proportion with dominantly Moslem, and it looked for their numerical strength.-C. Aranjo a time as though he might be con- Garcia, in The Congregationalist. victed. Since the time of his arrest there has been much earnest prayer Rediscovery in Germany offered for him by the Christians 'Of T AST year was the 400th anniver- Egypt and America. His acquittal L sary of the Augsburg Confessi'On, means a great deal for the cause of the creed 'Of Lutheranism, the central religious liberty in the Moslem world.

article 'Of which is justification by faith. There is reported t'O be a re- A Railway Church B vival 'Of this great Christian d'Octrine ISHOP Gwynne of Egypt and the Sudan, already po·ssesses a "railin present-day G e r man preaching. Dr. Erich Strange describes it as "a way church" as a means 'Of ministerveritable flood from God. The redis- ing to the little groups of English 'Ofcovery of the old Reformation mes- ficials, engineers and other workers sage by the younger people in the wh'O are to be found at or near various church, and especially by its future points on the Sudan railway. To quote leaders, is even more c'Omplete. Again the Bishop: "It is like an 'Ordinary in the pulpits 'Of Germany the justifi- railway carriage, but inside we have cation 'Of the sinner by faith is being an altar table, a combined reading preached with a new joy. This refor- desk and pulpit, the altar rail, and mation teaching has became the vital twenty-five f'Olding chairs. Then there object 'Of theological discussion. The are the chaplain's quarters, with a Bong 'Of the Reformation has entered bedroom, a dressing-room, and a bath- 'On a course so overpowering that one room, and right at the back is the of our most venerated theol'Ogical servant's room and the kitchen." The teachers lately declared it to be ·one carriage is attached to any train which of the greatest hopes of the Church. is going in the desired direction and The message 'Of the justiiication 'Of run into a siding. Word is sent round the sinner has left its old and safe to the resident British or other Engplace in the system 'Of orthodox lish-speaking people, and they came to a service. Then the carriage moves preaching and has come 'Once more .on. It journeys 3,000 miles and gets like a sharp, two-edged sword into the great conflict of the century whose round to all the stations in a month. children we are. This teaching has The Bishop believes his railway church again became the sign that divides to be unique, but we believe something spirits. Because this has come to pass like it used to be employed on the among 'the younger generation, the South African Railways.-Chronicle Confession of Augsburg is a living of the L. M. S.

creed and one that is w'Orthy 'Of c'On- Eritrea. Missions sideration today." THE oldest missionary work carried AFRICA on by Swedish Christians in Eri- Acquitted in Cairo trea is being sy.stematically throttled by the Italian government. For the SHEIKH KAMIL EFFENDI MAN- last ten years Swedish societies are SUR, the Christian convert from f.orbidden to send out new mission- Islam in Cairo, has been acquitted. aries to thi·s Italian colony in East This Egyptian evangelist, a scholarly Africa. Even old missionaries who convert from Islam and ·one of the go home on furlough are not allowed most earnest and eloquent preachers, to return. The only relief came when

a few Waldensian missionaries from raised to emphasize the words. At Italy were permitted to work in this the close of the service two hundred field. went into the inquiry room and for days after they come confessing their Good New8 FroDl Kikuyu sins and seeking salvation.

REPORTS from the various Kikuyu This mission is now carried on un- stations show that the fierce op- der the Church of God, whose headposition fanned by political agitators quarters are at Anderson, Indiana. has begun to diminish. At Tumu- They have in this field sixty schools Tumu nearly 200 members have re- with 2,300 pupils taught by Africans; turned to Communion during the last also a hospital, and a Dorcas Society. two years. At Kikuyu, at a baptismal The work has extended to the Abaservice in August, the congregation Kisa and Aba-Sot-so Tribes. The peonumbered 1,400, while 31 were bap- ple themselves have built several stone tized into the Church and 48 were ac- churches, holding four to five hundred cepted as inquirers. Every Sunday, each. All are filled each Sabbath. writes'Dr. Arthur, sees 5, 10, 15 peo- They are building a new church at the ple stand up for Christ before their main station, 112 feet long by 72 feet fellows by taking the vow to be done wide. The Christians are earnest and with evil practices. The local income exceedingly liberal in their giving. of churches aNd ,schools has been affected, and the Mission Council and WESTERN ASIA Church have appealed for special help to enable the African Church to main~ New ArDlenian Refuge"," tain its stand against the powers of darkness. I T IS estimated that -since November, 1929, between five and six thou- Changes in Central Africa sand Armenian refugees have been forced to leave Turkey, most of whom MR. A. W. BAKER, of the S'outh are now living in a camp at Der-El- African Compounds and Interior Zor. Others are located in camps in Mission, writes of the transforma- Beirut and Aleppo. A representative tions noted on a recent tour into the of the "Friends of Armenia" states interior, among the Ba-Ngori people that "while no fresh massacres have near the Equator. The change in the occurred in Turkey, the Armenians modes of travel, from caravan, canoe are still made to feel that their presand oxcart to railroad ,steamers and ence in that country is as unwelcome automobile, is not so great as the as ever, and the pressure which conchange in the once savage Africans. tinues to be put upon them makes it Twenty-five years ago a mission was impossible for them to remain. A planted by Mr. Wilson about twenty- short time ago it was reported in the two miles north of Kisumu, a port on daily newspapers that Turkey has a Lake Victoria. The people were wholly population of between 30,000 and 40,- pagan and naked, except the married 000 Armenians, and that they are all women who wore a narrow belt of likely to be expelled very shortly." skin around the waist. Drunkenness, licentiousness and witchcraft abounded. Ten Yean at Aleppo On his recent visit to the station Mr. Baker stood on a table in a plantation T HE Rev. L. M. Witherspoon of the and looked upon a crowd of over 1,000 Syria Mi-ssion of the Presbyterian Africans, all decently clothed, and was Church sends the following account thrilled to hear them sing: "I have on the tenth anniVersary of that misthe joy of Jesus down in my heart, sion: glory to His name." As the last line was sung, a thousand right arms were Of far greater worth to us than mag- nificent buildings, is the satisfaction that young men and women are interested in the Church and Christian service; that there are Arabs who have learned some-

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

thing of Christian love as expressed in remainder ·of the Iraq kingdom and the clinic at Deir-ez-Zor; that in the make it an independent territory unfanatical city of Hamath, because of the der the League of Nations. influence of a missionary family there, young men have been led to see the In this Mosul area are about 350,000 beauty and power of Christ and are people, including 60,000 Assyrian ready to follow Him; that in one town Christians, about 60,000 Uniat Chrisnortheast of Aleppo there is a Christian tians, and thousands of J acobites, Arwho gathers the people in his home for menians, Jews, Yezidis, and Sabreans, prayer, a man whose word is to be representing men, women and children trusted by Moslems, Jews and Christians threatened with persecution and exabove that of any other man of the town. termination if turned over to a fa- natic Arab government. When Aleppo station was opened, one missionary family represented the Mis- With the land lying between Turkey sion in this large northern section of and Arabia, through all the centuries, Syria. There was a school, primarily the continued existence of the little for Jewish children, conducted by the Christian groups is a wonderful evi- English Mission to the Jew. Also an dence of their faithfulness to their unorganized group of Syrian Protestants ancient Church. In spite of persecuwere meeting for worship under the di- tion, they have not succumbed to rection of the English Mission. The Islam. Presbyterian Mission had no church, school or any other organized work in INDIA-BURMA or near Aleppo. That missionary family, though giving only part time to the work The LayDlen's Inquiry of the Mission, found time to give lectures, encourage the services of Protes- THE Field Staff of the Laymen's tants and form helpful contacts with Foreign Missions Inquiry for India individuals. In 1921 the Aleppo church reached Bombay, October 31st. Six was organized with 34 charter members. American mission boards are coop- In the autumn of 1923 the mission began erating in the Inquiry – Baptist, educational work by the opening of a Congregational, Methodist, Episcopal, school for boys and girls of primary and Presbyterian, Reformed Church in intermediate grades. From that time on America and United Presbyterian. the work has prospered. The Field Staff for India is C. Lu- Government Problems in Iraq ther Fry, Ph.D., Institute of Social and Religious Research, (Sociology T HIS country is now a British man- and General Background); Paul F. date, but Great Britain expects to Cressey, Ph.D., Dept. of Sociology, University of Chicago, (Urban Sociask the League of Nations to release ology); Prof. D. J. Fleming, Ph.D., Union Theological Seminary, formerly the mandate obligation and establish of India, (Religious Education); Pres. E. L. Hendricks, Ph.D., Central Mis- Iraq as an independent state in 1932. souri State Teachers College, (Gen- eral Education); Prof. J. L. Hypes, The difficulties are that Iraq would Ph.D., Connecticut Agricultural Col- lege, (Rural Sociology); Orville A. be a Moslem state and the rights of Petty, Ph.D., Former President of Arnold College, Pastor, (Church); its non-Moslem minorities, especially Fennell P. Turner, B.A., Secretary, Methodist Epi·scopal Church South, the Christians, would be fatally jeop- S. S. Board, (Personnel); Prof. Fred J. Wampler, M.D., Medical College of ardized. The danger of wholesale Virginia, Formerly Missionary in China, (Medicine and Public Health) ; massacre is real; even with no mas- Miss Ruth F. Woodsmall, M.A., Exec- utive Secretary of Y. W. C. A. in Near sacres, there is a strong probability that Christian children would be forced to attend Moslem schools, and -Christian women to contract Moslem marriages. All legal procedure W()uld be in Moslem courts. The non-M·oslem minorities are largely concentrated in the region 'around Mosul which is not historicai1y .a part of the Arab kingdom but was included' in the mandated territory.

If Great Britain does not retain the mandate, a suggested solution is to :separate the Mosul region from the

East, (Women's Situation and Dis- pie listening through the windows so tinctive Activities). that we moved the night meetings in- Dr. Ralph E. Diffendorfer, Secre- to our school compound. There have tary of the Methodi,st Episcopal Board been many conversions, and there is a of Foreign Missions will act as con- longing in the hearts of the people sultant. that reminds us of outbreaks of re- vival in times past. There are pros- Missionaries Support Indian Desires pects 'Of great things."

BRITISH missionaries in India sent to the Round Table Conference Burmese Team in India T in London, a memorial which con- HE Student Gospel Team from Burma has been touring north Intained these moving words: dia and visited Lucknow and Allaha- "As Christian men and women we feel bad. There were fourteen on the that we cannot remain silent in regard team including the Rev. Mr. Dyer and to issues which have caused such wide- Miss Teale, American missionaries. spread and deep disturbance in the lives Of the Burmese six were women and of men. We have to face a situation six men and Chinese, Tamil and that is marked by misunderstanding, Karens were among the number. distrust and bitterness. We recognize They conducted religious services with that many explanations may be advanced the students and gave a popular conto account for this, but we would record cert at Lucknow. They impressed our conviction that the main cause is everyone with their sincerity and their to be found ·in the growing sense of abundant good nature. The team has. ignominy in the minds of the Indian d'One much good and has brought a people that the destiny of the nation lies new spiritual uplift wherever it has in the hands of another people. To us gone. the national awakening is a very real thing, and it is our belief that no settle- Centenary at Coimbatore ment will be satisfactory that does not respect Indian sentiment and make for THE London Missionary Society. the recovery of national self-respect. which opened work in Coimbatore, We, therefore, urge that the principle South India, October 20, 1830, reshould be fully and frankly recognized cently celebrated its one hundredth that the determining factor in laying anniversary. The first missionary, down the lines of India's future constitu- Rev. W. B. Addis, worked there for tion should be the wishes of the people over thirty years and witnessed in India." marked changes during his lifetime.

Such words may go far toward dis- Coimbat'Ore is a town of great an- ,sipating the idea, prevalent in India, that the missionaries are, in the main, opposed to Indian national aspira- tions.-The Christian Century.

tiquity and importance as the gateway EvangeUstic Meetings in Nellore to Mysore. It has now a population T HE Coles-Ackerman Memorial Boys of over 60,000 of whom 4,500 are High School, Nellore, recently was Christians, 4,000 Moslems and the the scene of a remarkable series of others Hindu,s. Christian services.

evangelistic meetings. Principal L. C. were first held in a thatched cottage.

Smith writes: "For twenty years I The first convert was a Hindu teacher.

have been working to get an evan- Others who followed this example in- gelistic spirit into our high school. cluded a village temple priest who The recent meetings were planned es- gave up his 'Office and supported him- pecially for the school hoys, but on self by manual labor, and another con- the very first day the people pressed nected with the Magistrate's office.

in, and the interest spread throughout The church continued to grow until the whole town. The Downie Memo- there is now a membership of 190, rial Hall was filled from bottom to top. with 380 more as baptized adherents.

Men were sitting in the windows, and Evangelistic work was conducted in the compound also was filled with peo- the surrounding districts, one of

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

which now reports 9,000 Christians, which we believe, sent out through with churches, schools, and hospitals. our representatives to other people, In Coimbatore there are still practiced that they may believe, because they fire-walking, self-torture, idol proces- Bee what kind of people our beliefs sions with the temple car and other make us become." He went on to say: heathen ceremonies. The Christian "The frontier of missions today is not Christmas is yearly spreading and is in Africa or India or China; the gaining in its celebration. The L. M. frontier is here, here, where radical S. has now five large elementary boys conflicts deny brotherhood; here, schools with 1,200 pupils and 400 more where international sUflpicion make in village schools, ad 600 high school peace a joke; here, where attitudes pupils. There are also 550 girls un- are so blind sometimes in just such der instruction, though prejudice things as the Prohibition controver- against female education is still sy." This is not intended to exalt strong. The mission conducts a boy,s Christian work at home over the work home, a girls home, a book depot and of our missions in other lands. It reading room, a wayside pulpit, public means we cannot much longer main- health service, industrial training and tain the distinction between home and evangelistic work with Bible women foreign missions, for "the world is and evangelists. watching our words and our acts, and by them our words are judged."-The A Burma Conference With Power Congregationalist.

PRAYER and power characterized "W Giving Up Judaism the autumn conference of the HAT is the idea of asking the American Baptist Mission in Burma. Jew to give up his religion 1" The general subject was "Our Com- asked a young Jewish college student mission" and there was an earnest en- after hearing the message. deavor to confess hindrances to Power in life and work and to discover how "Nobody asked you to give up Judathey might be removed. Much time ism, but to enjoy it in its fulness as was Bpent in prayer rather than in revealed by Christ," replied a missionreports and academic discussions. ary, as related in the Jewish Mission- Two days were given to a conference ary Magazine. on Evangelism with Burman and Karen leaders. The subjects diBcussed "Christ? Christ gave up Judaism were: and became a Christian," commented the young Jew, who professed to have Preparing the Message. taken courses at the Union Theological Preparing the Messenger. Seminary. Presenting the Message. Perpetuating the Power. "Can you tell me just when that It was agreed, as Dr. W. E. Wiatt happened?" asked the preacher. pointed out, that the great need for No answer. better results is not more mission- "Did he not die on the cross under arie,s or better equipment but more of Pentecostal power such as enabled the the final accusation, 'Jesus of Nazaearly missionaries to "turn the world reth, King of the Jews'? When did He 'change his religion'?"

upside down." No answer.

"And furthermore," continued the GENERAL preacher, "What does Christ mean 7"

A Definition of Missions No answer.

REV. ALLAN KNIGHT CHAL- "Christ is the Greek word Christos, MERS, newly installed pastor of a translation of the Hebrew word Broadway Tabernacle, recently gave a Messiah, meaning the Anointed One."

new definition ,of missions: "That -Re.cord of Christian Work.

WORTH

Any books mrntioned in these columna will be forwarded by 'Us on receipt of price.-THE REVIEW.

The People and Politics of South America. -of more than forty-five years .of Mary Wilhelmina Williams. 845 Pl). $4.60. Ginn & Company. New York. skilful, loving, smiling devotion to The author intends this for use as the physical, intellectual and spiritual a school textbook. It is based on thorough study of the literature avail- uplift of the Chinese pe.ople. Its able and on two visits to Latin America. It is a substantial, fair-minded amazing record .of acc.omplishment is treatise and can be enjoyed by the .ordinary reader in spite of its text summed up as follows: book character. When so much ground is covered and so many historical "In 1881 Dr. Main found a small judgments passed there must needs be .occasion for difference of opinion, house with four rooms having 16 but so far as we have observed the author's views are generally sensible beds. When he left China in 1926 he and just. One misses some well-known names in the chapter on "Literature left 30 institutions," chief among and Art," like Gabriella Mistral, Ugarte, Rojas and others. And un- which are hospitaJ.s f.or men and womnamed men like Horace M. Lane, of Brazil, David Trumbull, of Chile, and en, maternity h.ospital, children's home, Morris, of Argentina, have meant much more to Latin America than medical, pharmacy and nursing trainmany of the North American politicians who have been remembered. But ing c.olleges, leper hospitals, isolation it is very hard in writing history, especially for schools, to get the pro- hospitals, tubercul.osis hospitals, homes portions right and to appraise personalities at their real worth, and Dr. of rest for pastors and medical work- Williams has done very well and set forth a reasonable view of the Latin ers, home for incurables and a ragged school. The book is quite as much a biography of Dr. Main's equally ef- ficient and devoted wife. The names of these fine representatives of the Church Missionary Society are well known, not .only throughout China but throughout Great Britain and Ameri- ca as well. To few has it been given to realize so fully the visions of achievement for Christ which brought them to China and became the passion of their lives. The book will encour- age optimism and inspire consecra- tion. C. H. FENN.

American peoples and their history. Religion in a Changing World. By Rabbi R. E. SPEER. Abba Hillel Silver, D.D. 204 pp. $2. Richard R. Smith. New York.

Dr. :Main of Hangchow. Kingston De Every religion today is feeling the Gruche. 242 pp. 68. Marshall, Mor- effects of secularism, atheism and ag- gan & Scott. London. nosticism have made inroads every- This is an expansion of an earlier where. It is not surprising, therefore, biography of Dr. D. Duncan Main, that with the present drift from the entitled "Dr. Apricot of Heaven Be- synagogue Rabbi Silver of Cleveland, low." Apricot being the meaning of Ohio, distinguished for his books on Dr. Main's Chinese name, Mei, and Jewish mysticism, gives an apology Heaven Below being a native designa- for. theism to the youth of today. He tion of Hangchow. It is an interest- stands firmly against the tendency of ing narrative-including many letters materialism and atheism, and holds 156

BOOKS WORTH READING

that the ·function of religion is to re- tire existence. Former President Calsist the tide of infidelity. The book vin Coolidge contributes a warmly consists of a series of brilliant ad- commendatory Introducthm in which dresses on such subjects as Science he characterizes the record as "unand Religion, the Church and Social precedented in this or any other coun- Justice, the Church and World Peace. try." The lack of an Index is a defect He uses the word church in its widest which should be remedied. A. J. B. sense and naturally does not consider Christ its head. For Jewish youth of The Preacher and His Missionary Message. today, however, the book should prove of great value, as it puts emphasis on By Stephen J. Corey. 221 pp. $1.50. the real value-s of life-holiness, not Cokesbury Press. Nashville. happiness as the goal of existence. Dr. Corey, for many years both at The author says that for .Moses, Jere- home and abroad, has been closely miah, Jesus, Angelo, Lincoln there was identified with the foreign missionary no visible relationship between mag- enterprise and writes whereof he nificent living and happiness. knows. The decreasing value of the old appeals for support with the pres- We can not endorse the statement ent-day challenge to justify the moof the writer that "one religion for tives of our missionary effort are the whole of mankind is neither neces- clearly set forth in this volume, and sary nor desirable." We believe that the proof of the need and of the the religion of Jesus Christ is neces- ability of our methods to meet that sary and sufficient for all men. need are presented in convincing de- tail. Stimulating to the average pas- S.M.Z. tor as its chapters will be, they will also find much practical help in the The Story of the Near East Relief (1915- "Aids, Outlines and Suggestions" of its valuable Appendix. For the pas- 1930). James L. Barton. 479 pp. tor who does or would undeI'stand- $2.50. Macmillan. New York. ingly believe in and preach missions This is an inspiring record of one this is the handbook for which he has of the most notable philanthropies in been looking for many years, and by history. Begun in 1915, by a few those who believe that a most vital men, most of whom were connected factor in the ultimate success of. miswith the missionary boards having sions is to be found in the homeland, work in Western Asia, and making it will be eagerly welcomed. J. C. their original call :for $100,000 to aid the starving Armenians, the organiza- China's Crucifixion. By Putnam Weale. tion developed until it became a na- 401 pp. $2.50. Macmillan. New tionwide agency, incorporated as a York. Board of Trustees under a special Act Sometimes a story helps one to a of Congress, employing a skilled executive staff, enlisting the cooperation better understanding of a historic of presidents, governors and hundreds period. The characters may be ficof other large minded men and women titious and the scenes de-scribed with in public and private life, collecting a novelist's freedom of imagination; and efficiently administering $116,- but the picture that the reader gets 000,000 besides vast supplies of food may be not only vivid but substantialand clothing, rescuing and training ly accurate. This is a novel of that 132,000 children, and saving myriads kind. The author, an Englishman of lives in Asia Minor, Syria, Pales- formerly in the Chinese Custom Servtine, Persia, Turkey, Greece and the ice and whose real ~ame is Lennox Caucasus. The story o:f this magnifi- Simpson, has spent many years in the cent philanthropy is well told by the Far East. He has written several man best qualified to tell it, Secre- books and numerous articles upon the tary Emeritus James L. Barton, of the various political phases of the situa- American Board, who was chairman Hon. Now he portrays the present of the committee throughout its en-

chaos in a novel with the sordid mo- second, a fearless recognition of the tives of the contending war lords and rising tide of nationalism and the con- the experiences of a party of Ameri- comitant desire for an increasing can tourists who were captured by transference of church control to the bandits. Africans; third, the speedy 'occupa- The Evangelization of Pagan Africa. By tion of unevangelized areas; and, J. DuPlessis. 408 pp. $6.00. Stechert. New York. fourth, the consolidation of the gains of evangelistic effort, especially in the It is almost two decades since Dr. Christian schools. A treatise by the DuPlessis wrote his "History of same author expanding the views South African Missions," which has given in this chapter would be widely since remained the authoritative work welcomed. The book closes on a ringon that subject. The present volume ing note 'of hope. is now produced as the complement to the earlier one, thus providing a The introduction explains that the complete survey of the Protestant oc- manuscript was finished some years cupation of Africa, with the excep- ago, but that pUblication was delayed tion of the Moslem countries on the by lack of funds. As a result of this, Mediterranean littoral and the Chris- some of the information is not up to tian kingdom of Abyssinia. date. Which leads one to realize, in turn, that the earlier book should be Dr. DuPlessis, who is a professor revised, for the past twenty years in the Dutch Reformed Theological have brought great changes in South Seminary in South Africa and a Africa. The two books must always scholar of high repute, has again be bracketed together. They form an proved himself a competent historian important unit in the front line of of missions. After a section devoted missionary literature and are alike the to a description of the African conti- product of wide experience, keen obnent and an account of the early his- servation, historical discernment and tory of the land and peoples within ripe scholarship. Special mention the purview of the volume, he treats should be made of the numerous and in turn West Africa, the Congo and valuable appendices, indices and maps. Angola, East Africa, tracing in each J. LOVELL MURRAY.

the course of the various Christianiz- Jumping Beans. By Robert N. McLean. ing efforts that have been and are now Illus. 12 mo. 115 pp. $1. Friend- being made and giving brief sketches ship Press. New York.

of the special contributions of note- These delightful stories of the worthy missionaries. Frank recogni- Sandoval family are true pictures of tion is given to past failures and Mexican life in the Southwest. They succeSfles, with suggestions of the mis- are well adapted for children and will taken or sound policies underlying interest adults. Dr. McLean is a misthem. The author recognizes that "the forces of Christianity and civi- sionary so that his stories have a purlization move forward, if not always pose and a meaning, but they are not hand in hand, then at least in concur- sermonettes. Give the book to your rent and interlacing paths." Conse- juniors, but first read it yourself.

quently, he adds to the faithfulness of Concise Critical Comments on the :Bible. his missionary narrative by continual By Robert Young. 8 yo. 800 pp. 6s. reference to political movements and Pickering & Inglis. London.

commercial und~akings. Dr. Robert Young is best known for Most valuable is the closing chapter his "Analytical Concordance to the which surveys "the present situation Bible." He is also author of a "Liter- and its demands." These demands al Translation" which is of great help are, first, close cooperation among the to students unfamiliar with the orig- Christianizing agencies now at work; inal languages in which the Old and

New Testaments were written. The The Pacific Basin. By Gordon L. Wood, present volume is of special value for F.R.G.S. lIlus. $4.50. 340 pp. Oxits low price, compact form and the ford University Press. New York. light thrown on the meaning of Hebrew and Greek words. It is not The great events of the ancient strictly a textual commentary or an world centered around the Mediterexposition, but is rather a verbal or ranean Sea; the great events of the concordance commentary endeavoring last two centuries centered around the to show the true meaning of the orig- Atlantic Ocean; but the great events inal text. The authority and inspira- of the twentieth century are develoption of the Scriptures are accepted ing around the Pacific Ocean. The and much light is thrown on difficult Institute of Pacific Relations has been passages. The cross references to making a special study of these mod- ern problems and its meetings and re- other places where the same word ports have aroused widespread interis used are practically illuminating. est. The author of this book says that Those having limited reference libra- it was the Institute "which made his personal acquaintance with the area ries will find it valuable. possible," and he has evidently pre- Hinduism Invades America. By Wendell pared his ml'terial with the Institute Thomas. 300 pp. $3. Beacon Press. in mind. The materials that he pre- The author states his purpose in the sents chiefly relate to the physical Foreword: "This work is not an at- geography of the lands bordering the tack on Hinduism. It is not meant to Pacific, and the island groups in it, inflame American citizens by pointing including Australia-their area, conto a foreign menace. Nor is· it a de- figuration, climate, resources and fense of Hinduism, or of Chri.stianity, population. The facts and figures are or anything else. It is simply a study succinctly stated and carefully inof the amazing adventure of an dexed, and each section closes with a eastern faith in a western land; an bibliography. There are some errors account of the serious impact on that are odd in an author who is de- American life of Hindu philosophy scribed as "Senior Lecturer in Ecoand culture, especially in the form of nomics and Economic Geography in organized religIon." the Univer,sity of Melbourne," for ex- ample, giving the population of Bang- We have a brief account of the es- kok, Siam, as 350,000 instead of 800,- sences of Hindu faith, followed by 000. The author has rendered an imsketches of Ramakrishna and Vivekan- portant service in assembling so much anda, both champions of Hinduism in data in a compact volume. A. J. B. America. The chief centers of propa- ganda are in twelve of our leading A Tamarisk Garden Blessed with Rain. cities, and the methods followed in l'he Autobiography of Pastor Ren. spreading the cults and philosophy of Translated and edited by Herbert the Yogis and Swamis include the Hudson Taylor and Marshall Broompress and the drawing-room meeting. hall. 228 pp. $1. China Inland Mis- sion. Philadelphia. 1930.

The book is startling evidence that the In this book we have something al- boundary line between Home and most unique in the literature of mis- Foreign Mis,sions no longer exists. It sions, a companion to "Pastor Hsi,"

is not sensational, but well-docu- an autobiography of a Chinese mented. Dr. Griswold, a leading San- "saint," who, like all true saints, is scrit scholar and an experienced mis- far from realizing hi,s own saintliness.

sionary says: "So far as I know, this Pastor Ren of Hangchow was picked is the first adequate treatment of the up in his early years by missionaries subject. The style is distinctly fresh of the China Inland Mission, and and vivid, and the work is marked by records in hi.s own charmingly Chinese genuine scholarship." S. M. Z. way his development from a little

superstitious pagan into a strong, The Coming Religion. By Nathaniel faith-filled Christian leader. Of a Schmidt. 262 pp. $2.25. Macmillan. New York. long life of seventy-seven years he Professor Schmidt, of Cornell Unicould write with Paul, "in labors more versity, speaks of religion as "devo- tion to the highest." The characterabundantly, in deaths oft, in journey- istic mark of any religion is its idea of the "highest." It is "scarcely conings often, in perils of rivers, in perils ceivable" that religion "should cease to operate so long as there is an upof r.obberies, in perils from my ward trend, a striving for perfection, in the human race." Religion is not countrymen, etc." An early convinced to be identified with any existing or historical form. All of these are to be advocate of self-support for the Chi- surpassed, Christianity inc Iud e d. though this is the highest form yet . nEse Church, he was consistent almost achieved, unless perhaps the "ethical culture" movement may mark advance. to his own undoing. In love with The chapters describe various mani- festations of devotion to the highest. the Word of God and with a child- from "animatism," the earliest and pre-animistic form, to recent expreslike confidence in the efficacy of sions alongside 1)f modern science, art.

prayer, his life story is a long succes- sion of testimonies to God's faithful- ness to His promises. The book pro- vides an unusual treat in its amusing and pathetic narrative of missions in China from early days until now, from the point .of view not of the mission- ary, but of !I: native convert and de- voted minister. C. H. F.

Realism in Romantic lapan. By Miriam morality and the state. The chief Beard. 521 pp. $5. Macmillan. value of this small volume to most New York. readers will be its presentation of This is a study of modern Japan generally accepted ideas of early or by an author who says that she has crude forms of religion, with the conrelied "less on libraries than on news- tinuation of these forms in later papers" and that her "sources, beside times. It has little prophetic value. personal experience, have been chiefly the columns, rich in colorful and other- CLELAND B. McAFEE.

wise unobtainable material, carried Death Valley. By Bourke Lee. 210 pp.

during the past ten years by the Eng- $4.00. Macmillan. New York.

lish edition of the Osaka Mainichi, Death Valley has a fearsome sound.

Tokyo Nicki Nichi, and The Japan It is the mystery region of America.

Advertiser." This candid foreword No other part of the United States gives the reader an idea of what to has such a reputation for heat, priva- expect-not so much a profound study tion and tragedy. This story about of Japan as an impressionist's account it includes the geologic history of the of a remarkable people who have re- Valley and a survey of its plant and cently passed out of age-old isolation, animal life, but the bulk of the tale stagnati·on and feudalism into the is about men-Indians, emigrants, and swirl and energy and influence of a miners who have known, toiled and world power. The author has written suffered on the Death Valley trails.

from the viewpoint of a keen observer It is an absorbingly interesting nar- of sympathetic appreciation of the rative, abounding in information, ac- Japanese-their characteristics, social counts of the struggles of the pioneers and religious customs, and economic in the gold rush of '49 with their and industrial problems. Thirty-three women and children, the rush of ex- fine illustrations add to the attractive- cited men when rumors of the mineral ness of this interesting v·olume, but deposits of the Valley flew about, the there is no map or index, as there sudden rise and equally sudden col- should be in a book of this kind. lapse of mining camps, and other stir- A.J.B. ring events.

The Missionary Review of the World — 1930 Index

MISSIONAR Y

REVIEW of the WORLD Founded In 1878 by Edltor-In-Chlef, 1888 to 1911 ROYAL G. WILDER ARTHUR T. PIERSON January to 1Jecember, 1930 VOLUME FIFTY-THREE EDITOR DELAVAN L. PIERSON ARTHUR J. BROWN, Editor for 1930 ASSOCIATE EDITORS Methods for Workers …•.••.•…•..•••.•.••.••………..•… MRS. F. 1. JOHNSON Home Mission Bulletin ••…..••..•….•…..••••…•.••..•.•• FLORENCE E. QUINLAN Foreign Mission Bulletin ……………………………….•.. FLORENCIE G. TYLER INTERDENOMINATIONAL EDITORIAL COUNCIL REV. A. R. BARTHOLOMEW, D.D. MRS. HEI"EN BARRETT MONTGOMERY REV. ENOCH F. BELL MRS. HENRY W. PEABODY REV. ARTHUR J. BROWN, D.D. FLORENCE E. QUINLAN FRANKLIN D. COGSWELL RUTH B. RULE REV. PAUL DE SCHWEINITZ, D.D. REV. WM. P. SCHELL, D.D.

MRS. JOHN FERGUSON REV. CHARLES H. SEARS, D.D.

R<EV. S. G. INMAN, D.D. MRS. E. H. SILVERTHORN MRS. F. 1. JOHNSON REV. F. C. STEPHENSON, M.D. REV. WM. R. KING, D.D. REV. JAY S. STOWELL REV. HENRY SMITH LEIPER REV. MILLS J. TAYLOR, D.D.

W:l.f. B. LIPPHARD FI,oRENCE G. TYLER REV. JOHN McDOWELL, D.D. JESSE R. WILSON REV. SAMUEL M. ZWEMER, D.D.

COPYRIGHTED, 1930-PUBLISHED BY THE MISSIONARY REVIEW PUBLISHING COMPANY, INO.

THIRD AND REILY STREETS, HARRISBURG, PA., AND 156 FIFTH AVENUE, NEW YORK BOARD OF DIRECTORS RoBERT E. SPEER, President SAMUEL MCCREA CAVER'!' WM. 1. CHAMBERlLAIN, Vice·President WALTER McDOUGALL, Treasurer WM. BANCROFT HILL DELAVAN h PIERSON, Secreta,ry MRS. ORRIN R. JUDD WM. B. LIPPHARD HARLAN P. BEACH ERIC M. NORTH FLEMING H. REVELL 965 PHOTOGRAPHIC ILLUSTRATIONS Page Page Abel, Charles W … ', ………………………. 903 India-Village Meeting Near Ambala City .. 724 Africa-Fording a River, Missionary •… 351, 353 – Kabyle Girl and Little Brother ……….. 337 – Women's Village Meeting ……………… 427 – Travel by Bushcar ……………………. 350 Iraq-River Scene at Baghdad, Tigris ……. 327 Alaska-Preacher on SkUs ……………….. 37 – Presbyterian Church and Congregation at – Street Scene, Mosul ……………………. 329 ItalY-Waldensian Refuge at Luserno San Point Barrow ………………………… 35 – "Princeton" Spreading the Gospel …….. 39 Giovanni …………………………….. 569 Alaskan Boys . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . 38 – Waldensian Synod Meeting House …….. 564 Algiers-Arab Reading to Illiterates ……… 168 Japan-Boys, Non-Christian ……………… 658 – Cast of Martyr Geronimo ……………… 169 – Children of ……………………………. 167 – Children's Playtime a t Neighborhood – Street Scene in Moslem Quarter of …….. 164 House ……………………………….. 644 All Nations Shall Come and Worship Before Kennedy, Mrs. John S. .. ………………… 666 Thee …………………………………. 8%4 American Indians, Missionaries to ……….. 61 Korea-Health Posters …………………… 452 Azariah, Bishop ………………………….. 267 – Prayer, Observing World Day of ………. 850 Bibles Circulated Hourly by N. Y. B. S….. 103 Burma-Judson College, "Willington Hall" • 125 Lel-Chuan, Wu, ChanceUor of Yenching …. 101 – – Memorial Church, Mandalay ……….. 19 Leper Colony, Sumatra, Dutch Mission ….. 756 Burnett, Floyd O. ………………………… 61 Lepers at Chiengmai, Siam ………………. 333 Carey, William, and the World Problem •… 773 China-Boat Population at Canton ………. 581 Mary at the Tomb ………………… : ……. 244 – Prayer, Observers of World Day of …… 852 Near East-Literature Distribution After – Yenching University and Dedication Village Meeting ……………………… 261 Scenes ……………………… 84, 99, 100, 101 Papuan-With Some, Children …………… 907 – – – Bashford Memorial Building …….. 99 Papuans-Bidding Farewell ………………. 905 – – – CamDus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 114 – Welcoming Party of-Years Ago ………. 904 – – – Procession to Religious Ceremony of Patterns for Pick-up Work ………………. 297 Dedication ……………………… 100 Philippines-Ellinwood Bible School Gradu- Ching, Ting Shu …………………………. 56 ates ………………………………….. 807 Council of Women for Home Missions, Offi- – Girl Graduates, Ellinwood Bible School .. 807 cers and Office Personnel …………. 378,379 – Silliman Institute on Parade ………….. 804 Day of Prayer Display, World …………… 299 Dewairy, Sheikh Metry, and Street Sunday – Street Scene, M.anila ………………….. 1104 Pierson, Delavan L. ……………………… 48 School, Cairo ………………………… 265 Display for Missionary Education ……….. 211 Porto Rico-Hospital at San Juan, Presby- Egypt-Child Welfare Clinic of American terian ……………………………….. 488 Mission, Cairo ……………………….. 263 Prayer Began, Where Week of …………… 404 – Sunday-school, Street …………………. 265 – World-wide Observance of Day of …… .. – Women Traveling in Cairo ……………. 262 Gift Envelope, Incense …………………… 134 …………………………… 850, 851, 852, 853 Greyearth, Isaac …………………………. 61 Ross. J. C. ……………………………….. 61 Haiti-House, Country …………………… 181 Rowland, A. Graham …………………….. 61 – Market Day, Cape Haitlen …………….. 177 Havana Congress Delegates ……………… 4 RusseU, Elizabeth ………………………… 132 Hinds, J. M. ……………………………… 61 India-Bull, Fakir and Sacred …………… 426 St. Nicholas of Myra …………………….. 214 – Bullock Cart in ………………………. 753 – Church, Village ……………………….. 729 Schaumer. Mrs. A. F. ……………………. 47 – Ewing ChristIan High School, Ludhlana. 424 – Fakir and Sacred BuU ………………… 426 Siam-Damrong, H. R. N. Prince ……… 331, 3a3a3a – Hindu Temple …………………………. 421 – Lepers at Chiengmai ………………….. – Hospital at Jhansi, Woman's Union Mis- – Missionaries, Itinerating ………………. 336 sion …………………………………. 724 Stuart. J. Leighton ………………………. 101 – Manual Training Class at Jhansi Boys' Sumatra-Leper Colony, Dutch Mission ….. 756 School ………………………………. 724 – Matriarchal House …………………….. 757 – Pierson, Mr. and Mrs. at Grave of L. B. – Weaving C lot h of Pineapple Fibre, Pierson ……………………………… 420 Women ………………………………. 324 – Pierson, Mr. and Mrs. D. L., on Elephant 521 – Prayer Began, Where Week of ………… 404 Trowbridge, Stephen, and Street Sunday- – – Observers of World Day of ……… 850, 853 – Scudder, Dr. Ida, and Nurses …………. 586 school. Cairo …………………………. 265 – Session. Native Church ……………….. 727 – Taj Mahal …………………………….. 428 Turkey-Alphabet. Learning New ………… 12 United States-Friends Peace Caravaners, American ……………………………. 191 – – Manual Training at Mitchell Home … 505 – – Mexican Home in Belvedere ………… 185 – – Migrant Center. Handwork Hour at … 491 – – Negro Home Economics Class ………. 506 – – Sunday School in Imperial Valley …. 187 Van Sickle. A. A. ………………………… 61 Vasquez, Marcelino, a Quiche Indian and Family ………………………………. 117 Waid, Eva Clark …………………………. 535 West Inniss-Chapel in Hills …………….. 515 – – Children ……………………………. 484 Wu. nr. Yi-Fang, President of Ginling Col- lege …………………………………. 899 AUTHORS Page Page Aggrey. J. E. K. …………………………. 368 Bisson, T. A……………………………… 683 Anderson, W. B………………………….. 726 Bowie, W. Russell ……………………….. 246 Austen, Nancy Virginia ………………….. 926 Bowman. Esther …………………………. 670 Austin, Mrs. P. H ………………………… 941 Bradford, Arthur H ………………………. 250 Axling, William ………………………….. 650 Braisted, Paul J ………………………. 411,731 Bartholomew, Allen R. …………………… 17 Brickman. Helen M……………………. 207,292 Barton, James L . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 922 Brooks, Charles A. .. …………………….. 499 Bennett, M. Katharine …………………… 24 Brooks, J. T ……………………………… 212 Beynon. Erdmann D ……………………… 738 Brown, Arthur J. .. ……….. .43, 103,416,429 885 Bingham, R. V …………………………… 865 Brown, George Williams ………………… : 362 966 Page Page Brown, William Adams ………………….. 839 Moore, John M…………………………… 618 Burgess, Paul ……………………………. 116 Morton, C. Manly ……………………….. 188 Butler, Clementina ………………………. 607 McConnell, Francis J …………………….. 8::.0 Calder, Helen B. .. ……………………….. 252 McCrae, Lee ……………………………… 518 Carter, Edward C………………………… 358 McKinney, Georgia H …………………….. 298 Carey, Otis ……………………………. .42,111 McLean, Robert N. .. …………………….. 183 Cavert, Samuel McCrea ………………….. 123 McWilliams, M. A………………………… 201 Chamberlain, Wm. 1. …………………….. 21 Mills, Edward Laird ……………………… 917 Chapin, Mrs. L. W. .. ……………………. 447 Newton, Joseph Fort.. …………… ……… 20 Chester, S. H. . …………………………… 600 Norwood, Robert …………………………. 674 Claypoole, Mrs. H. H. .. ………………….. 844 Odell, Edward A. .. ………………………. 512 Clopton, J. J ……………………………… 668 Oxenham, John ………………………….. 849 Cody, E. J ……………………………….. 575 Peabody, Mrs. Henry W. .. ………………. 369 Coleman, W. C…………………………… 526 Peale, Mrs. C. C. …………………………. 27 Cressman, N. M………………………….. 439 Peet, H. W ……………………………….. 602 Curtis, Anna L. .. ………………………… 191 Pierson, Delavan L. . ……………………… 0 ………… .. Damrong, H. R. H. Prince ………………. 331 D'Aubigne, Ch. Merle ……………………. 574 ….. 165, 258, 325, 420, 521, 585, 653, 753, 811, 903 Day, Muriel ., ……………………………. 503 Pierson, George P ………………………… 645 De Biois, Austen K. . …………………….. 247 Pinson, W. W ……………………………. 14 Denyes, John R. .. ……………………….. 342 Pleasant, D. G. .. ………………………… 212 de Schweinitz, Paul ……………………… 15 Pope, Howard W …………………………. 772 Detweiler, Charles S. . …………………… 177 Reherd, Herbert W ……………………….. 278 Dickinson, Emily ………………………… 619 Quinlan, Florence E… (Home Mission Bulletin) Dift'endorfer, Ralph E ………………..•. 255, 893 Quinlan, Florence E. .. …………………… 896 Dingman, Mrs. R. G. . ……………………. 855 Rice, Claton S. .. …………………………. 273 Dodd, Edwin M. …………………………. 356 Richards, George W. .. …………………… 838 Donaldson, Bessie Allen …………………. 142 Riggs, E. W. …………………….. ……… 11 Drach, George ……………………………. 523 Riggs, F. B. ……………………………… 284 Eddy, Brewer ……………………………. 256 Rittelmeyer, Friedrich …………………… 570 Eddy, Sherwood ………………………….. 266 Robbins, Joseph C. ………………………. 18 Edwards, John R ………………………… 13 Rogers, Mrs. Howard …………………….. 213 Emmert, R. E. .. …………………………. 210 Roseberry, R. S………………………….. 660 Engstrom, Mrs" W. W. . ………………….. 846 Rosenberger, Elma T …………………….. 451 Erdman, Charles R. .. ……………………. 405 Rush, Lettie Allan ……………………….. 846 Farber, Benjamin F. .. …………………… 663 Sailer, T. H. P …………………………… 455 Fenn, Courtenay H. ………………………. 85 Sandberg, Minnie V. ……………………… 20 Fleming, D. J. …………………………… 45 Scanlon, Warren B. .. ……………………. 349 Gardner, Katherine ………………………. 942 Schain, Josephine ………………………… 376 Garside, Frances L. ……………………… 595 Schell, W. P ……………………………… 257 Gleckler, Homer L. .. …………………….. 608 Scott, Hugh L. .. …………………………. 280 Goodell, Charles L. ………………………. 31 Short, H. H. .. ……………………………. 211 Graves, Frederick R. .. …………………… 818 Shotwell, James T . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163 Gribble, Florence Newberry ……………… 440 Silverthorn, Katharine V. .. ……………… 455 Griffin, Pansy …………………………….. 844 Smith, Egbert W. ……………………….. 16 Guest, Edgar A. .. ……………………….. 295 Smith, Frank A. .. ……………………….. 255 Hall, Ada ………………………………… 452 Smith, Fred B. .. …………………………. 835 Hassell, A. P …………………………….. 657 Smith, Herbert Booth ……………………. 35 Hayne, Coe ………………………………. 347 Smith, James M. .. ………………………. 354 Hazlett, Mrs. S. M. ..~……………………. 213 Sockman, Ralph W. .. ……………………. 248 Hodge, Margaret E ……………………….. 253 Soper, Edmund D ………………………… 836 Hodgkin, Henry T. ………………………. 92 Soper, Laura De Witt ……………………. 51 Hoover, Herbert …………………..361, 527, 921 Speer, Robert E. …………………………. 7 Horne, Frank A. .. ……………………….. 250 Steimle, Augustus …………………………. 249 Hough, Mrs. S. S…………………………. 936 Stelzle, Charles ……………………….. 121, 833 Howell, Clarence V ………………………. 758 Stowell, Jay S. …………………………… 25 Hyde, A. A. .. …………………………….. 835 Strachan. Helen M………………………… 777 Inman, Samuel Guy ……………………… 509 Strong, W. E. ……………………………. 11 Twashita, George …………………………. 673 Stuart, J. Leighton ………………………. 98 Jefferson, Chas. E …………………….. 249,665 Taylor, Jay F ……………………………. 537 Jeffs, Harry ……………………………… 571 Thorne, Samuel ………………………….. 251 Johnson, Mrs. F. 1. ………………………. 254 Trull, George H. .. ……………. 578,664,740,805 Johnson, Mrs. F. 1. .. (Best Methods Department) Tyler, Florence G. .. …………………..538, 899 Johnston, Charles …………………………. 747 Tyler. Florence G… (Foreign Mission Bulletin) Jones, E. Stanley ………………………… 640 Van Dyke, Tertius ……………………….. 565 Judd, Mrs. Orrin R. ………………. 253, 458, 486 Van Slyke, L. P ………………………….. 822 Kagawa, Toyohiko ……………………….. 659 Warner, Franklin ……………………….. 251 Kerr, Hugh Thomson ………………….197,246 Warnshuls, A. L. .. …………………. 9,123,269 King, William R. ………………….. 23,406,886 Watson, Charles R ……………………….. 107 Knox, Mrs. De Witt ………………………. 262 Weddell, Sue …………………………..536,824 Kuhn Nellie E . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 940 White, Charles L. ………………………… 29 Larse;', J. T ……………………………… 364 Latourette. Kenneth S……………………. 912 White, Flora Dell ……………………….. 297 Lee, Elizabeth M. .. ………………………. 337 Whittier, John Greenleaf ………………… 381 t~~~~:nJa~e~'J:':::::::: :::::::::::::::::::::::: i~~ Wfddoes, Howard W. .. ………………….. 437 Mayhew, Arthur T ……………………….. 732 Menzel, Emil W ………………………….. 745 Wilson, E. Graham ………………………. 493 Moffett, Thomas C. .. ……………………… 170 Montgomery, Andrew J. …… …………….. 26 Wilson, Warren H ……………………….. 590 Montgomery, Helen B…………………….. 694 Wood, John W …………………………… 245 Woodhull, Mrs. Schuyler C………………. 929 Wyckoff, Amelia …………………………. 598 Young, Owen D. . ………………………… 778 Zwemer, Samuel M. .. ……………………. 435 ARTICLES AND NEWS Page Page Abyssinla-R. V. Bingham ………..•……. 865 Afghanistan-Changes In …………………. 228 _ Empress Dies …………………………. 461 – Education in ………………………….. 389 _ Haile Selassle, Emperor ………………. 952 – Persian Christians Evangelize ………… 791 Adventist Liberality ……………………… 386 – Progress in ……………………………. 315

INDEX

Page Pays Africa-Agriculture, Sudan School of ……. 461 Argentina-College, American, at Buenos – Airships in Christian Service …………. 787 Aires ………………………………… 235 – American Board Jubilee ………….•…•• 553 – Protestantism in ………………………. 783 – Angola Jubilee ………………………… 866 – Revolution in ………………………….. 860 – Augustana Mission ……………………. 309 – Self-support in ………………………… 860 – Blessing in the Congo, Spiritual ………. 631 Armenia-Sunday-school Beginnings ……… 388 – Books In Native Languages, Prizes for … 310 Asia-Difllcult Field, Most, Delavan L. Pier- – Boys' Ambitions, Shepherd ……………. 309 son ………………………………….. 653 – Cambodia's Golden Book, N. M. Cressman 439 Augsburg Confession, Anniversary of •…… 624 – Camp Meeting in Angola ………………. 384 Australia, Inland ………………………… 68 – Christianity or Communism? ………….. 75 – Reunion Proclamation …………………. 701 – Christians, Practical, in West …………. 146 Balkans, Cooperation In …………………. 543 – Church Missionary Society Results in …. 76 Baltic States and Poland ………………… 544 — Communism or Christianity? ………….. 75 Baptist Foreign Mission Society, Joseph C. – Congo Brought Nearer ………………… 222 Robbins ……………………………… 18 – Cooperation Approved, International ….. 310 – – – – Women's, Minnie V. Sandberg … 20 – – Needed in South ……………………. 553 – Home Mission Society, Charles L. White. 29 – Crawford's, Dan, Legacy ………………. 383 – Meeting in Cleveland, Northern ……….. 634 – Doctor for Natal, Native ……………… 632 – World Alliance, Semi-Jubilee …………. 549 – East …………………………………… 787 Belgium-Christian Missionary Church Mis- – F'etichists, Habbe ……………………… 309 sion ………………………………….. 466 – Flight Planned, Missionary ……………. 221 – Exhibit, Mission ………………………. 308 – French Guinea, New Church in ……….. 552 Beloved of Siva, Erdmann D. Beynon ……. 738 – Hartzell Memorial Hospital Plans …….. 146 Bethlehem's Church of the Nativity, Nancy – Inquirers Held Baok ………………….. 788 Virginia Austen …………………….. 926 – lsoko Country, Missions in ……………. 462 Bible-Cambodia's Golden Book, N. M. – Isolated in Central, by a Missionary in Cressman ……………………………. 439 Rhodesia …………………………….. 350 – Did, What One ………………………… 703 – Jeanes Schools ………………………… 787 – Distribution in 1928 ……………………. 30 – Kabylia, Mission Work in …………….. 337 – Eliot's, John …………………………… 65 – – Missionaries to ……………………… 339 – Institute Colportage Association Report .. 225 – Languages, Suppressing Native ……….. 221 – Luzzi's Translation Into Italian ………. 597 – Life in, Missionary, by a Missionary …. 350 – Memorization Contest …………………. 384 – Livingstone, Links with ………………. 553 – New Needs for the Old Book, George Wm. – Madigas Revival ………………………. 787 Brown ……………………………….. 362 – Magna Charta for …………………….. 461 – Society, Work of American, George Wm. – Medical Missions, Why? Florence New- Brown ……………………………….. 362 berry Gribble ………………………… 440 – Study, Systematic …………………….. 68 – – Training for Blacks ………………… 310 – There It Stands: Responsive Reading .. 849 – Mission, East ………………………….. 147 Bibles for Battleships of Japan ………….. 73 – Missionaries on Donkeys ………………. 339 Books, About Religions, Arthur J. Brown .. 429 – Missionary Boats in …………………… 951 – Best Mission Study ……………………. 49 – Missions, General Smuts on …………… 367 – for Children and Young People Listed '" 558 – Negro Missionaries in …………………. 631 – – Readers' Course on Cause and Cure of – Nyasa Mission ………………………… 221 War ………………………………. 776 – Portuguese Colonies, Missions in ………. 222 – on Caribbean Neighbors ………………. 516 – Problems of the Black Continent ………. 310 – – China ………………………………. 125 – Religious Liberty In ………………….. 461 – – India, List of ……………………. 289 750 – – Missions for Young People …………. .' 375 – Remembrances in ……………………… 384 – – Religion, Increasing, Interest in, Arthur – Restrictions in Nigeria and East ………. 631 – Scientists Visit Moravian Station …….. 951 J. Brown ………………………….. 103 – Smuts, General, on Missions ………….. 367 – Summer Reading List …………………. 618 – Student Conference, Bantu ……………. 712 Boy Scouts' Anniversary …………………. 153 – Successful Union in Sierra Leone ……… 951 Braille, Transcribing …………………….. 707 – Sudan, Changes in Western, R. S. Rose- Brazil-Aviation in ………………………. 22 – Bible, Thirst for ……………………….. 465 berry ………………………………… 661) – Converts and the Bible, Blind …………. 465 – Suggestion From, Beautiful …………… 520 – Diamond Miners' Mission ……………… 235 – Swelled Heads, for Reducing ………….. 712 – Evangelism in …………………………. 465 – Foundations, Building …………………. 155 – Union Organized ………………………. 383 – Women in Uganda, Position of ……….. 711 – Instituto Christao …………………….. 550 – Zambesi Industrial Mission …………. , .. 145 – Sunday-school Union ………………….. 636 African Missionary Speaks of His Work …. 865 – Workers' Institutes ……………………. 155 – Y. W. C. A. in ………………………… 636 Agreements Necessary to Church Union? What ………………………………… 836 British Missionary Societies in Conference, H. W. Peet ………………………….. 602 Alaska-Experiences, Missionary …………. 789 – Hardships for Missionaries in ………… 789 Buddhism and Christianity, Reform ……… 151 – in France and England ……………….. 544 – Observations on Christian Work in, Herbert Booth Smith ……………………. 35 Buddhist Activity ………………………… 391 – Temple in London …………………….. 65 – School Clubs ………………………….. 869 Bulgarian Students' Plight ………………. 382 Algiers, Moslem, D. L. Pierson ………….. 167 Burma-Conference, Missionary ………….. 393 – Christian Endeavorers ………………… 306 America and the Chinese Famine, T. A. – Siam and Malaya, Seen and Heard in, Bisson ………………………………. 583 Delavan L. Pierson …………………. 753 – Missionary From, First, Otis Carey …… 42 Burmans Support Orphanage …………….. 156 American Board Missions, Significant Events in, W. E. Strong and E. W. Riggs…… 11 Butler, Smedley, on Missionaries ………… 419 American Indian, Books on ………………. 294 Call to Service …………………………… 387 – – Dictionary, Pueblo ………………….. 312 – What Constitutes a Missionary, Samuel M. Zwemer ………………………….. 435 – – Education, What Might Have Been and What Stm May Be, F. B. Riggs …… 284 Canada-Bible Memorization Contest …….. 384 – Bilingual Preachers, Call for …………. 311 – – National Indian Association Jubilee – Geese, MJs.sJonary WJld ……………….. 866 – Peace Movement in, Helen M. Strachan .. 777 Address, Hugh L. Scott …………… 281 – Prohibition and Women, Mrs. R. G. Ding- – – Revivals .. . .. .. .. .. . .. . .. . .. . .. .. .. .. .. … 869 man ………………………………….. 855 – – Turtle Mountain, Hugh L. Scott ……. 281 – – Statistics …………………………… 857 – – with the ……………………………. 59 – youth at Toronto Convention on Reli- Andrews, C. F. .. …………………………. 628 gious Education ……………………… 790 Arabia and Iraq, Travel Letter from Dela- van L. Pierson ………………………. 325 Cancer with Knowledge, Fight, Mrs. Ella H. – Medical Missions ………………………. 544 Rigney ………………………………. 676 Page Page Center, Religion of the Christian, Charles A. China-Tradition Questioned •…………….. 625 Brooks …………………………….•.. 499 – Transition, Christian Movement in ……• 390 – War, High Cost of …………………….. 469 Ceylon-"Adoptlon" In ………………….•• 472 – Yale-in- ………………………………. 949 – Children's Week ••…………………….. 156 – Yenching University, Opening of, J. – Slavery in …………………………….. 472 – Work Among Incurables, Colombo …….. 392 Leighton Stuart ……………………… 98 – Youth In ………………………………. 306 China's Woe ……………………………… 862 Chautauqua, Missions at …………………. 539 Chinese Christians on Anti-Christian Move- Child Labor, Sunday …………•…………. 152 ment, George H. Trull ………………. 664 Chile Honors Mission Institution ………… 307 – Farmers Survey Facts ………………… 861 – Lutherans in ………………………….. 708 – Flock to Manchuria …………………… 703 – Santiago College ………………………. 235 – How Reds Prayed for …………………. 949 China and India, Chaos In ………………. 527 – Living Expenses ………………………. 861 – Anti-Christian Movement, Benefits of …. 547 – President Is Baptized as Christian ……. 949 – – – – Chinese Christian on …………. 664 – Puzzle: Glimpses of a Nation In Trans- – – – Sentiment in …………………….. 366 formation, Delavan L. Pierson ………. 811 – Anti-Foreign Feeling? Are Missionaries – Reds Behead Women Missionaries …….. 933 Responsible for ………………………. 130 – Women Are Doing, What Ting Shu Ching – Banditry ……………………………..•. 233 and, Katharine E. Vaughn …………… 56 – Bible Class in Shantung ………………. 625 Christ of the American Road, Charles L. – Books on ………………………………. 125 Goodell ……………………………… 31 – Brigands Active in Interior …………… 316 Christian Endeavor Berlin Meeting ………. 783 – Centenary of American' Protestant Mis- – – In U. S……………………………… 623 sions In, Kenneth S. Latourette ……… 912 Christianity, Mott Finds World Open to …. 622 – Chaos in ………………………………. 128 Christmas Message, A, Arthur J. Brown …. 885 – Chaplin Memorial Boat ……………….. 64 Church and the Masses ………………….. 841 – Cheng, C. Y. . …………………………. 780 – Criticisms of the ………………………. 763 – Chengtu ……… " ……………… " …. " 863 – Missionary Society and Lambeth Confer- – Child Welfare in ………………………• 316 ence …………………………………. 716 – – – Incorporated ……………….. , ….. 469 – – – London Congress of ……………… 792 – Christian Council Five-Year Program … 316 – of My Dreams, John M. Moore ………… (:18 Cities in Mission Fields, Big …………….. 683 – – Schools Forbidden to Exhibit Christian Literature .. " … , …………………. 949 Clark, Sidney, Missionary Enthusiast ……. 862 – – Literature 'society, Forty Years of the 470 College of Christian Education, Chicago .•.. 70 – – Movement Figures ………………….. 148 Colleges, Problem of Denominational …….. 682 – Christianity Despite Reds and Bandits … 862 Conference for Outgoing Missionaries ……. 605 – Clark Bonds …………………………… 862 – Naval …………………………………. 288 – Cold Wave Takes Toll ………………… 316 – – Memorial to ………………………… 303 – Colleges in Nanking, Two Christian …… 704 – of Orthodox Churches ………………… 314 – Convention, "Nourish Soul" …………… 65 – – Theological Seminaries, A. L. Warn- – Covenant, Church of Christ …•.•…•….. 317 shuis and S. M. Cavert …………… 123 – Ding, LI Mel, Stili Active ……………… 547 – on Cause and Cure of War, Fifth …….. 301 – Drouth-Resistant Grain and Famine Re- – Religious Press ……………………….. 224 lief ………………………………….. 148 Conferences. Interdenominational Mission- – Education, Mass ………………………. 548 ary, 1930 …………………………….. 203 – – Program for Higher ………………… 548 – Successful, Summer …………………… 858 – Factory, Christian …………………….. 548 Confucius, Rival, of S. H. Chester ……….. 600 – Family "Rich" with $100 a Year ………. 861 Congregational Council, International ……. 623 – Famine …………………………. 445,705,779 Congregationalism at Bournemouth, World, – – and America, T. A. Bisson ………….. 583 Fred B. Smith ………………………. 835 – – In Hunan …………………………… 862 Contributions, Adventist …………………. 386 – – Over Wide Area ……………………. 233 – Declined? W. C. Coleman ……………. 526 – – Relief ………………………………. 126 – – Why Have Missionary. A Symposium – Farmers Colonize, Chekiang …………… 547 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 245,365 – General Visits Mission ………………… 626 Convention on Religious Education in To- – Health Work in West …………………. 699 – Home Missions ………………………… 234 ronto, Youth at ……………………… 790 – Hospital, William Porter ……………… 625 Cooperating in the West Indies, Samuel G. – Institute at Tsinanfu ………………….. 779 – Kidnapped Missionaries ……………….. 233 Inman ……………………………….. 509 – Lobenzeller Mission Grows ……………. 149 Cooperation in Christian Literature, A. L. – Methodist Bishops Gowdy and Wang Con- Warnshuis …………………………… 269 secrated ……………………………… 624 – – Ozarks ……………………………… 224 – Missionaries, Butler, Smedley, on ……… 419 – – Persia, Missionary ………………….. 635 – – in …………………………………… 390 Creed, Missionary ……………………….. 81 – – Wanted …………………………….. 626 Cuba-Public Works in ………………….. 784 – of 1929, Courtenay H. Fenn ……………. 85 Statistics …………………………………. 861 – Opinion, Further Steps Against ……….. 626 D. V. B. S. in Palestine ………………….. 63 – Opoortunities and Perils In, Henry T. Daily Vacation Bible Schools, International Hodgkin …………………………….. 92 Association …………………………… 859 – Peanuts Introduced by Missionary …….. 625 Daly, Sam, Saver of Little Black Souls, Lee – Pessimistic About ……………………… 767 – Population Problem …………………… 97 McCrae ……………………………… 518 – Prisoners, Cheer for …………………… 390 Day of Prayer Around the World, Visualiz- – Religion in Schools …………………… 233 – Religious Liberty Discussed …………… 469 ing the World ……………………….. 299 – – Status Since 1922 ……………………. 547 Deaths-A bel, Charles W …………………. 322 – Righteousness Loss Deplored ………….. 148 – Anderson, Charles P …………………… 242 – Roman Catholics in …………………… 779 – Andrew, George ……………………….. 402 – Sailing Peacefully on the Yangtze, George – Brockman, Frank M. ………………….. 3 – Brunhouse, Frederick C……. 2d cover, March H. Trull …….. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. . … 578 – Carter, George William ………………… 402 – Chamberlain. Mary Annesley ………….. 482 – Clark, Joseph ………………………….. 322 – School at Shuntefu, Girls' …………….. 780 – Const, William Henry ………………….. 82 – – New Public …………………………. 64 – Cooper. A. W ………………. 2d cover, March – Schools and Religion ………………….. 233 – Dale, Mary Bliss ………………………. 322 – – Registration of Christian, Frederick R. – Draper, Mrs. Walter …………………… 89.

Graves ……………………………. 818 – Eastman. Harriet N. .. ………………… 641 – Shantung. Heroic Service in ………….. 624 – Estey, Ethel M. .. ……………………… 322 – Slavery, Girl ………………………….. 148 – Ford. Katharine M. B. ………………… 799 – Slaves. Child ………………………….. 779 – Gauthey, Marie L. . ……….. 2d cover, March – Sun Yat Sen's Tomb, Exercises at …….. 704 – Harnam, Singh, Sir ……………………. 701 Page Page Deaths-Harrison, Mrs. Paul W. . ………… 482 Evangelism, Call to ………… " .. " ………. 444 – Heimburger, Mrs. Leroy F. ……………. 322 E-vents of 1929, Notable …………………… 6 – Henderson. James ……………………… 882 Events of 1929, Outstanding. A. L. Warnshuis 9 — Hurlbut, Jesse Lyman ………………… 799 "Every Day in Every Way," Frances L. Gar- – Johnson, Mrs. Luke …………………… 242 – Johnstone, Janet M……………………. 482 side ……………. " .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. … 595 – Kelley, George …………………………. 482 Faith and Order Committee Meet ………… 958 – Kennedy, Mrs. John S…………………. 666 Federal Council Execntive Committee An- – Kinney, Mary E-……………. 2d cover, March – Kinsolvlng, Lucien Lee ……. 2d cover, March nual Meeting, Charles Stelzle ………… 121 – Kugler, Anna S. .. …………………….. 799 "Fellowship of Prayer" ………………….. 312 – Kyle, Alice M. .. ……………………….. 641 Fifty Years, Veterans of ………………… 842 – Lawyer, Franklin Pierce ………………. 3 Foreign Mission Statistics ………………… 49 – Leverett, W. J ……………..2d cover March – – Study Number …………………… October – Lewis, Thomas …………………….. :…. 82 – Missions, Holy Spirit in, Arthur J. Brown 416 – – World Conditions Affecting, Ralph E. – Lowrie, James Walter ……… 2d cover, March – Manasseh, Antonius ……………………. 82 Dlffendorfer ……………………….. 893 – Matzat, William ………………………. 8()1 – – Year's Work of the Federation of – Ogden, James Clarence ……………….. : 3 Women's Boards of, Florence G. Tyler 899 – Partridge, Sidney Catlin ………………. 799 Forman, Charles, Tribute to, James J. Lucas 120 – Pedley, Hilton …………………………. 322 France-Buddhist Society in …………….. , 544 – Perry, Henry Thomas …………………. 322 – Changes in …………………………….. 309 – Pinson, Wm. WaShington ………………. 801 – Hospital, Mission ………………………. 66 – Riley, Edward Baxter …………………. 3 – – Work of South E·ast Mission ………… 224 – Scarlett, E. Yorke …………………….. 562 – McAll Mission …………………………. 610 – Schautller, Mrs. A. F ……… "…………. 47 – Protestant Foyer of Belleville, Paris ….. 544 – Schrag, Jonathan J. .. …………………. 8()1 – Seminary, Paris Protestant Theological … 544 – – – Theological ……………………….. 223 – Shipman, Herbert …….. " .. " …………. 402 – Woman Ordinated, First ……………….. 716 – SmIth, Mrs. Moses ……………….. " ….. 82 Friends Consider Union ……………. " ….. 275 – ~peicher, Jacob …………………………. 799 – Service Committee, American, Anna L. – pence, Frank H. ……………………… 82 – Spencer, Selden Palmer ……………….. 322 Curtis ……………………………….. 191 – Stevens, JohLl Egbert ………………….. 402 Friendship Bag, One ……………………… 144 – Stevenson, Marion Scott ………… " ….. 562 From New York to Cairo, Delavan L. Pierson 165 – Stubbs, John ………………………….. 801 Gairdner, Canon, of Cairo Memorial ……… 468 – Stubbs, Clifford …………………….. 562 641 Gandhi ……………………………………. 700 – Stucki, Jacob …………………………. .' 641 – Represent All India, Does? ……………. 935 – Thurber, Christopher ………………….. 482 Geese Missionary Wild …………………… 866 Germany-Call of Knights of St. John …… 620 – Uzaki, Kogoro …. " ………. "………… 402 – Mohammedans …………………………. 223 – Weinland, Wm. Henry ………………… : 322 – Moravian Meetings …………………….. 382 – White, Stanley …………… " …………. 242 – Religion in …………………………….. 874 – Wilson, Cynthia E. .. …….. " …………. 641 – Russian Refugees, Harboring …………. 382 – Wilson, William ………… " …………… 402 – Theologues Increasing …………………. 791 – Wyl!e, David Gourley ………………….. 799 Gifts for Religion Lead …………………… 782 Denommatlons Find Points of Agreement … 706 – Statistics for United States …………….. 782 Doctrine Necessary? Agreement on, Georg€ Gilbert Islands-Bible, Romance of ………. 874 Giving-See "Contributions." W. Richards …………………………. 838 – in 1929, Church ………………………… 469 Dutch East Indies ………………………… 875 – Rural U. S…………………………….. 462 Economy, Wrong …. " ……………………. 680 – Wanes, Protestant ……………….. " …. , 151 Ecumenical Council for Practical Cbristian- Great Britain-Dr. Mott's Conferences in …. 956 Greece-Athens School of Religion Graduates 308 ity …………………………………… 77 Guatemala-Bible in Cakchiquel ………….. 234 Education, International Council of ReligiOUS 705 – Vasquez, Marcelino, Paul Bnrgess ……… 116 – Me€ting, Religious …………………….. 384 – Volcanic Eruption ……………………… 117 – Youth and Missionary …………………. 139 Xaiti-Gonave Island Converted ……. :….. 68 F1ducational Commissions ………………… 230 – Gospel Mission ………………………… 236 Egypt-Drug Traffic ………………………. 388 – Tomorrow in, Charles S. Detweiler …….. 177 – EI Azhar, Modernizing ………………… 76 Harris, William Wade. of Liberia ………… 75 – Evangelical Church in …………………. 714 Hawaii-Easter in Honoluln, Warren B.

– Nile Mission Press Jubilee …………….. 461 Scanlon ………………………………. 349 – Protestants In …………………………. 871 – Methodists Extend Work in ……………. 70~ – Religious Freedom …………………….. 635 – Y. M. C. A. in Asslut …………………. 145 m – Missions in …………………………….. 958 Eliot's, John, Bible ……………………….. 65 Elmira College: Seventy-five Years of World Ha~k:: ~~:es w.r~~.:::::::::::::::::::::::::: Service, Esther Bowman …………….. 670 HIlI, John H., Missionary and Educator, E. E! Mundo Cristiano, Suspension of ………. 230 J. Cody " ………………….. " .. ,,",," 575 England-Buddhist Temple in London ……. 65 – Church Missionary Society London Con- History. Missionary-Colonial Missionary So- cieties and Their Work, Otis Cary …… 111 gress ………. "………………………. 792 – Lambeth Conference and C. M. S……… 716 Holy Spirit in Foreign Missions, Arthur J. – – – – South India ……………………. 765 Brown ……………………………….. 416 – – – Resolves …………….. " …………. 782 – Protest Against Russian Religious Perse- Home Mission Number …………… " …. " .July – Missionary-Standards for a New Day, cution ………………………………. " 308 – Unemployment ……………. " …………. 872 New, Muriel Day …. "" …. "" …. " …. 53 – Union, Methodist ………………………. 223 – – Work, Languages Used In …………… 492 English Missionary Notes …… " …………. 716 – Missions and Pentecost, William R. King 406 lilstonia-Women Together, Patriotism Pulls 620 – – Articles on ………………………….. 526 Europe-Churches, Help For ……………… 575 – – Congress of Church Leaders, Charles – Communism, Anti-Religions …………… 621 – Credit Association, Proposed Protestant " 716 Stelzle …………………………….. 833 – F.·conomic Conditions …………………… 792 – – – of North America ………………… 624 – Friends of Evangelical Christian Unity " 222 – – – Plans for .. " ……………………… 954 – Movements, New Evangelical ………….. 309 – – Council, Work of, Wm. R. King…….. 23 – Protestantism in, Harry Jeffs …………. 571 – – Glimpses of the Year in the Council of – TTnemployment ………………………… ; 621 Women for, Florence E. Quinlan ….. 896 – Unity, Friends of Evangelical Christian .. 222 – – Problems of, E. Graham Wilson …….. 493 – – Women in, Mrs. Orrin R . .Jndd …….. 486 – Youth of …………….. ", …. , ………… 872 – – Yesterdays In, William R. King' …….. 886 Hoppin. Jessie R., "Mother" of Marshall Islands ……………………………… , 546 Page Page How a College President Studied the Words India-Self-supporting Churches? Can Povof Christ …………………………….. 434 erty-Stricken Christians Develop, George Human Nature Be Changed? Can ………… 683 H. Trull …… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 74(1 Hungary, Religion in …………………….. 383 – Simon Commission Report …………. 675, 747 Hymn~See "Song." – Simon, Sir John, Reports on, Charles ~ ::Etern.al G?~: Whose Power Upholds" …. 529 Johnston …………………………….. 747 ~ Men III AIr . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 296 – Swain, Clara A. . ………………………. 306 I Am the Mission Study Class ……………. 773 – Telegu Villages, National Missionary So- Iceland Parliament ……………………….. 546 ciety in ………………………………. 546 Income, Spiritual, M. A. McWilliams ……. 201 – Union Proposed in South, Arthur J. Brown 43 India and China, Chaos in ……………….. 527 – Unoccupied Field in ……………………. 546 ~ – Independence ……………………….. 229 – "Until" Meetings ………………………. 795 – Andrews, C. F. . ……………………….. 628 – What's Going On in Sub-Conscious, Emil – Appeal for Church of India, Burma and W. Menzel ……………………………. 745 Ceylon ……………………………….. 629 – Widows, Burning of ……………………. 471 – Bishop Timber in ………………………. 954 – Women, Education Compulsory for …….. 73 – Books on ……………………………. 289,750 – Women's Educational League………….. 74 – Building for Humanity ………………… 157 – Youth League ………………………….. 629 – Capital, New ………………………….. 794 Indian Version of 23d Psalm …………….. 892 – Caste System Curse, Example of ………. 795 Indians from the Rio Grande to Cape Horn, Thomas C. Moffett ……………………. 170 – Changing, What Is, Delavan L. Pierson .. …………………………………….521,585 – In the Americas, Facts on ……………… 783 – Chelliah, J. V., on ……………………… 701 Institute? What Is the Purpose of a Mis- – Child Marriage Bill ……………………. 156 sionary, J. H. P. Sailer ……..•….•.•• 455 International Congregational Council …….. 623 – Christ, Significant Force in, Paul J. – Missionary Council In 1929, A. L. Warn- Braisted ……………………………… 731 shuls …………………………………. 9 – Christian Influence on …………………. 701 – – Witnessing ………………………….• 870 Iraq and Arabia, Travel Letter from Delavan – Christianity a Faree Admitted …………. 305 L. Pierson …….• -••………… _. _. _•••… 325 – – Stands Third ………………………… 232 – Evangelism in Coffee Houses ………….. 464 – Christians Gather for Jattra …………… 870 – Independence, Treaty for ………………. 715 – Church Crisis, Village, C. H. Loehlin …. 736 – School for Girls ……………………….. 872 – – Story of a, W. B. Anderson ………… 726 Islamic Disintegration ……………………. 955 – Comparisons, .Some ……. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 545 Islands-Bali, Erdmann D. Beynon ………. 738 – Dehra Dun Girls' School ……………….. 232 – Boat, "John Williams V" ………………. 875 – Delhi, New Capital …………………….. 794 – Boats, Missionary ……………………… 875 – Education, Christian Higher …………… 393 – Convert and His Work ………………… 389 – – Mission, Arthur T. Mayhew …………. 732 – Devil's Isle, Grimmest Missionary Task .. 471 – Educational Commission to ……………. 700 – Kagawa in Loo Choo ………………….. 235 – – League of Women ……………..•…… 74 – Madeira ……………………………….. 471 – Rabaul Indentured Workers Have Church 702 – Forman Christian College Plans ……….. 954 – South Sea Youth Movement ……………. 546 – Gandhi …………………………………. 700 Italian, Bible Translated Into ……………. 597 – – and Indian Congress ………………… 231 Italy-Waldensian Church ………………66,467 – – Asks for Milk ……………………….. 231 – – Crown Prince Greets ………………… 622 – Government Problem …………………… 870 Japan and American Exlusion Act ……….. 70 – Harnam Singh, Sir …………………….. 701 – – Chosen, Movements in, John R. Ed- – Health Week in Chupra ……………….. 392 – Higginbottom, Sam, Decorated …………. 794 wards ……………….•………••••.•• 13 – Hindus and Pariahs Riot …………….. 545 – Anniversary of Missions, Seventieth …… 317 – Home Mission Society …………………. 157 – Bibles for Battleships of ………………. 73 – "Independenoe Day" …………………… 307 – Buddhist Activity …………………••…. 391 – Industrial Missionary Work ……………. 700 – Budget Cut Prevented …………………. 552 – Jones, Stanley, With, Paul J. Bralsted … 411 – Business Depression ……………………. 710 – Lambeth and South ……………………. 765 – Christianity, E.bisawa on ………………. 863 – Land oi Complexity, Delavan L. Pierson • 420 – – Reviewed ………………………..•…. 317 – Christianity's Seventieth Anniversary ….. 630 – Ludhiana Women's Christian Medical Center …………………………………… 231 – Church, Consecration of Beautiful …….. 709 – Lutheran Mission in ……………………. 74 – Commission on Higher Education ……… 950 – Lytton, Lord, on Missions in …………… 306 – Denton, Mary Florence, Honored •……… 864 – Madura Home Mission Society ……….•• 157 – Economic Facts from ………………….. 950 – Marriage Law, New ……………………. 869 – Gospel's Power ………………………… 226 – Martyn, Henry, School at Lahore ………. 794 – Growing Million a year ………………… 785 – Medical Survey ………………………… 305 – Hospital, St. Luke's International ……… 473 – – Women in …………………………… 306 – Kagawa Meetings ………………………. 710 – Methods Changing ……………………… 74 – Kagawa's Preaching …………………… 71 – Mission-or-Help to Older Churches … .472,545 – Kingdom of God Campaign, Wm. Axling . – Missionaries, Miss Mayo on ……………. 795 …………………………….. 72, 391, 551, 650 – – Praised .,. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 871 – "Kingdom of God Weekly" …………….. 863 – Missions, Lord Lytton on ………………. 3oo – Lepers, Reaching ………………………. 71 – Moslem Activity ……………………….. 73 – Missions' Anniversary ………………….. 317 – Moslems Remain Loyal? Will ………… 795 – – Seventy Years' Growth ……………… 552 – "Mother India" Agitation Still Burning . 289 – Newspaper Evangelism …………….. 551,710 – Naldu, Mrs. Sarojini …………………… 629 – Oml Mission ……………………………. 227 – National Missionary Society …………… 393 – Research Institutes In China …………… 390 – – – – In Telegu Villages …………….. 546 – Rural Evangelization ………………….. 227 – Native Evangelical Society …………….. 157 – – Evangelizing, George P. Pierson ……. 645 – NawabganJ, Where Is ………………….. 546 – Seeding Sowing In ……………………… 473 – Officials Increase, Christian ………•….. 305 – Social Creed for ……………………….. 71 – Pariahs and Hindus Riot …………….•. 545 – Students, Christian E'ffort for ………….. 72 – Patients, Purdah ………………………. 231 – Tokyo, Growth of ………………………. 785 – Prayer, Call to …………………………• 725 – Transformation In a Factory ………….. 154 – Radium for Neyyoor Hospital ………….. 232 – Unemployment Insurance ………………. 629 – Rural Problems ……………………….. 545 – Unreached Millions ……………………. 226 – – Reconstruction In ………………….•. 947 – Vice on the Defensive ………………….. 473 – Santal Mission …………………………. 232 – "Sati" Not Yet Outlawed .•…………….. 471 – Women at Coronation ………………….. 630 – School Grant by Government, Mission …. 870 – – in International Affairs ……………… 473 – Workers, Relief for Night ……………… 227 Page Page Japanese Ethical Standards Compared with Marshall Isiands-Hoppin, Jessie R., "Moth- Christianity ………………………….. 391 er" of ………………………………… 546 – Pastor's Library ……………………….. 785 McAll Mission …………………………….. 610 – Road, Events on the, A. P. Hassell …….. 657 Medical Missions' Figures ………………… 230 Japan's Beneficence to China …………….. 390 – – Conference, Third Biennial, Edwin M. Jerusalem and the Temple ……………….. 314 – Bible, Toward Understanding tbe ……… 63 Dodd ………………………………. 356 Jewish Figures …………………………… 468 – – in Africa? Why, Florence Newberry Jews, Alliance of …………………………. 223 – Gospel for ……………………………… 76 Gribble ……………………………. 440 – Rural Trend of ………………………… 76 Meditation at Close of Day ……………….. 649 Jones, Stanley, in India, with, Paul J. Methodist Church in Mexico Organized, Braisted ……………………………… 411 Francis J. McConnell ………………… 820 Jugoslavia-"Minor!ty" Respected ……….. 65 Methodist Episcopal Church South, New – Reformation, to Commemorate ………… 383 Plan in, W. W. Pinson ………………. 14 Jugoslavian Church Stabilized ……………. 957 – – – Woman's Foreign Missionary Society Kennedy, Mrs. John S., Death of ………… 666 Koran Translated Into Turkish ………….. 791 Sixtieth Anniversary, Mrs. C. C. Peale 27 Korea and Japan, Movements in, John R. – – Home Missions and Church Extension, Edwards ……………………………… 13 Jay S. Stowell …………………….. 25 – Christian Activities ……………………. 786 Methods-"Absent Members' Meeting," Mrs. – – Progress ….. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 786 – College Fund Aided ……………………. 630 P. H. Austin …………………………. 941 – Farm Schools ………………………….. 392 – Africa-The Caribbeans and U. S., Clem- – Hospital, Tuberculosis …………………. 154 – Hostility Gives Way …………………… 552 entina Butler ………………………… 607 – Japan, Attitude Toward …………..•….. 710 – American Indian ………………………. 293 – Literature Society, Christian ……… .473, 864 – – – Girls, Helping American Girls to – Mission of a Mission …………………… 154 – Prayer Meetings, Daybreak ……………. 392 Understand, Helen M. Brickman ….. 292 – Significant Facts from …………………. 950 – – – Bringing Students Up-to-date on, – Tuberculosis, Checking ………………… 317 – – Sanatorium Recognized ……………… 630 Helen M. Brickman ……………….. 207 Kyle, Alice M.· ……………………………. 535 – Announcement, Telephone ……………… 55 Lands Where Women and God Are Veiled, – Assemblies, Florida Ohain of Missionary, Charles R. Watson …………………… 107 Mrs. Henry W. Peabody …………….. 369 Latin America-Awakening ………………. 948 – – Centennial of Bolivar ……………….. 948 – Bean Milk, How to Make ………………. 451 – – Evangelism in ………………………. 948 – Bible and Song Program Feature for – – Gift for Union College ………………. 946 – – Indian Facts ………………………… 783 Young People ………………………… 453 – – Spiritual Springtime in …………….. 62 – – What Is the …………………………. 613 Laymen's Inquiry Into Foreign Missions … 677 – Books Worth Having ………………….. 371 – Missionary Movement ………………….. 633 – "Cloud of Witnesses," How to Present.. 684, 844 Leadership Through Service, E. Stanley – Communion Service Around the World, Jones ………………………………… 640 Suurise ………………………………. 135 – Training, Joint Committee on, Sue Wed- – Devotional Service …………………….. 768 – Field Method, Pansy Griffin ……………. 844 dell ………………………………….. 636 – Finance and Personality ………………. 770 Lepers, Annual Report and Autumn Confer- – – Breakfasts Help, How, Homer L. Gleck- ence of American Mission to ………… : 932 ler ………………………………… 608 – Reaching Japanese …………………….. 71 – Friendship Venture Is Being Accom- Leprosy News ……………………………. 468 – Serum Found? …………………………. 549 plished, How …………………………. 610 Lewiscot League, James M. Smith ……….. 354 – Gifts, Country …………………………. 134 – – from Kindergartens, Day and High Liheria-New York State Colonization So- Ciety Aids Schools …………………… 711 Schools and Colleges ………………. 134 – Health and Baby Welfare Work, Public, – Sanitary Engineer for …………………. 788 Liberian Schools, To Aid ………………… 711 Elma T. Rosenberger ………………… 451 Liebenzeller Mission ……………………… 149 – – Center aud Day School Work ……….. 450 Life and Work Committee ……………….. 959 – – Poster Exhibit of Girls' Seoul Day Literature, Committee on Christian, Helen Schools, Ada Hall …………………. 452 B. Montgomery ………………………. 694 – India, Program on …………………….. , 530 – Cooperation in Christian, A. L. Warnshuis 269 – India's Children, Mother, Laura D. Witt – Developments in Christian …………….. 143 – Shipments of Christian ………………… 275 Soper ………………………………… 51 Living Beyond Our Spiritual Income, D. J. – International Relations Program ……… 697 – Islands, to Present Problems and Needs Fleming ……………………………… 45 of Four ………………………………. 689 London, Deputation of Women to Josephine – Life's Seven Stages, Nellie E;. Kuhns …. 940 Schain ……………………………….. 376 – Light Brigade Meetings, Summer Sugges- – Naval Conference ……………………… 446 tions for …………………………….. 528 Love Alone Recognizes, Toyohlko Kagawa .. 659 Lutheran Church-Augsburg Confession, An- – Mary and Martha Club ………………… 770 – Material for Mission Classes, to Collect .. 772 niversary …………………………….. 624 – Missionaries Sent Out During Sixty Years – Foreign Missions, American, George Drach 523 – – – Conferences . .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. … 385 Visualized ……………… : …………… 136 – Home Missions Council of America ……. 712 – Music ………………………………….. 213 – Radio Programs ……………………….. 952 – – for Sunday-school Missionary Program 296 Lutheranism, World-Wide ………………… 744 – Negro Race Relations Suggestions …….. 295 – "Patrons' Gift" Leaflet …………….. 132, 133 Lutherans in Chile ……………………….. 708 – Personality and Finance ……………….. 770 Madeira, Visit to, D. L. Pierson …………. 166 – Preparatory ……………………………. 131 Magazine. Suspension of Religious ………. 230 – Products Project ……………………….. 692 Malaya, Siam and Burma, Seen and Heard – Programs and Speeches, Suggestions for in, Delavan L. Pierson ………………. 753 Preparing .. .. .. .. .. .. . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. …. 296 Malaysia, Missionary Romance in, John R. – Relation of Christian to Denominational Denyes ……………………………….. 342 Organizations …. , … '" . .. .. .. .. …. ….. 51 Manchuria-Factory, Christian …………… 548 Manchurian Railway Benevolent …………. 64 – Retirement F'und, Patrons' Gift for ……. 131 Marriage, Bowie, W. Russell, on …………. 781 – School of Missions, Church ……………. 210 – Shut-Ins and Pick-Up Work, for, Flora Dell White …………………………… 297 – "Sixty, The" …………………………… 136 – Sunday Schools and Missions, Mrs. L. W.

Chapin …………………………….. 51, 447 – Tools Worth Having …………………… 371 – Volunteers, To Secure Young ………….. 373 – World Day of Prayer, Suggested Program, Mrs. S. S. Hough …………………….. 936 Mexican Indian Mission ………………….. 394 Page Page Mexican Presbyterian Church Comes of Age, Opium Suppression, Step Toward ……… 387,626 L. P. Van Slyke ……………………… 822 Organization Necessary? Is Agreement on Mexicans in U. S., What Do You Know Church, Edmund D. Soper ……………. 886 Orient, Under Our Flag in the, George H. About, Robert N. McLean ……………. 183 Mexico-Alcohol, Campaign Against ……… 394 Trull …………………………………. 805 – Education ……………………………… 860 – Friendship Bag in ……………………… 144 Orthodox Churches to Hold Conference …… 314 – – Exhibits …………………………….. 466 Pacific Relations, Institute of, Edward C. – Methodist Church, Independent ……….. 636 – – – Organized, Francis J. McConnell … . Carter ……………………………..163, 358 – Methodists Form Separate Body ……….. 708 – Peace Desired by …………………… 308 550 Palestine, Christians Ask British Not to Quit 955 – Schools. Government ………………….. .' 784 – D. V. B. S. in ………………………….. 63 – University of ………………………….. 784 Panama Canal Zone, Religion in …………. 63 Military Training in Education ………….. 619 Ministerial Relief ………………………… 387 Papua-Church Growth …………………… 236 Miracle, Moral. Sherwood Eddy ………… ;. 266 Mission Personnel Statistics …………… 549, 859 – Mission News ………………………….. 470 Mission Study Class, I Am the ……………. 773 – – 1930, Katharine V. Silverthorn ……… 455 – Up from Savagery in, Delavan L. Pierson 903 – – Technique, New, Clarence V. Howell … 758 Paraguay, Missions in ……………………. 550 Missionaries, Butler, Smedley, on ………… 419 Patagonia, Shepherds of ………………….. 307 – Leave on Consuls' Advice? Should …….. 763 Peac~Books for Readers' Course ………… 776 – Make Trouble for Their Governments? .. 206 – Eva Clark Waid Memorial Fund for Missionary and a Donkey, Elizabeth M. Lee 337 – from America, Further Light on First … 196 World ………………………………… 959 – First to Sail from America, Otis Carey .. 42 – Movement in Canada, Helen M. Strachan . 777 – Information and Missions …………….•. 525 – Studying ……………………………….. 790 – Review Publishing Co. Annual Meeting … 288 – Ultimately …………………………….. 619 – Service. Openings for ………………….. 313 .:…. World Alliance for …………………….. 230 – Statistics on the ……………………….. 549 Missions at Chautauqua …………………. 539 Pentecost, Charles R. Erdman ……………. 405 – Background Jor World Peace, Mrs. Schuy- – and Home Missions, William R. King …. 406 – Number ……………………………….June ler C. Woodhull ……………………… 929 Periodical Pay Its Way? Can a Religious .. 843 – Doing Good, Are Foreign, Sherwood Eddy 266 – World's Largest ……………………….. 387 Persia, Changes in ……………………….. 388 – World-Wide Task of …………………… 226 – Converts from Islam Sow ,seed ………… 464 Mohammedans, German ………………… .. 223 – Cooperation, Missionary ……………….. 635 – Russian ……………………………….. 223 – Education Advancing ………………….. 147 Moravian Meetings Planned ………………. 382 – Labor Conditions ………………………. 147 – Mission in Nicaragua, Paul de Schweinitz 15 – Literature, Christian …………………… 871 Mormon Centennial and Protestant Program, – Polygamy in, Bessie Allen Donaldson …. 142 – Reforms, Shah Starts ………………….. 314 Herbert W. Reherd …………………… 278 Persian Christians Evangelize Afghans …… 791 Mormonism and the Way Out, Ciaton S. Rice 273 – Saint …………………………………… 791 – Changing ………………………………. 313 – One Hundred Years of, E'dward Laird PersonalS-Abel, Charles W. ……………… 3 – Akazawa, Motozo ………………………. 561 Mills …………………………………. 917 – Bowen. A. J ……………………………. 721 Mormons, Preshyterian Church, U. S. A., – Brooks, Charles A. . ……………………. 482 – Carter, Wm. M…………….. 2d cover, March Work Among, Andrew J. Montgomery .. 26 – Chambers, William Nesbitt ……………. 8g2 Moslem Activity In India …………………. 73 – Chapman, John W …………………….. 721 – Cheng, Ching-Yi ……………………. 561, 780 – Lands-Women and God Veiled, Charles – Cousins. W. E …………………………. 401 R. Watson ……………………………. 107 – Creighton. Frank W ……………………. 882 – Denton, Mary Florence ………………… 864 Moslems-Bible Read by ………………….. 715 – de Schweinitz, Paul ……………………. 721 – Drach. George …………………………. 799 – of India Remain Loyal, Will …………… 795 – Edwards. John R ………………………. 82 "Mother India" Agitation Still Burning ….. 289 – Fisher. Frederick B. …………………… 561 Near East, American Board Mission in the . 147 – Fletcher, A. G………………………….. 82 – – College Endowment Fund ……………. 315 – Forbes, W. Cameron …………….. : …… 561 – – Conditions in, Robert E. Speer ……… 7 – Fowle, Charles Warren ………………… 82 – – Health Wagon in the ……………….. 714 – Franklin, James H …………………….. 322 – – New and Old in, Delavan L. Pierson … 258 – Gamewell, Frank D. . ……………….. 242, 721 – – Relief, The Great Work of the, What – Goodsell, Fred Field ……………………. 82 – Hawkes, James W ……………………… 482 Is to Follow? James L. Barton …… 972 – Haynes, George E. . ……………………. 482 – – Veteran Missionaries Retire ………… 872 – Hibbard, David S………………………. 627 "Necessity That Is Laid Upon Us," Hugh – Higginbottom, Sam …………………….. 794 – Hodgkin, Henry T ……………………… 242 Thomson Kerr ……………………….. 197 – Hopkins, Robert M. ……………………. 3 Negro-Atlanta University ……………….. 541 – Hunt. Henry A…………………………. 713 – Congregations, Chicago ………………… 832 – Johnson, F. Ernest …………………….. 322 – Death Rate Cut ………………………… 832 – Johnson, Nelson Trusler ……………….. 82 – Dillard University ……………………… 541 – Kagawa. Toyohiko …………………….. 882 – Education, Government Recognizes …….. 953 – Keller, Adolf …………………………… 782 – – Statistics ……………………………. 69 – Kerr, Hugh T ………………………….. 482 – Educators, Conf.erence of ………………. 225 – King. Mr. and Mrs. Noble C……………. 482 – Facts About, Striking ………………….. 832 – Laubach, Frank C……………. : ………. 794 – Salvaging Little Black Souls, Lee McCrae 518 – Leiper, Harry Smith ……………………. 482 – Spelled with Capital …………………… 463 – Lindquist, G. E. E. .. ………………….. 482 – Spingarn Medal Winner ……………….. 713 Negroes Honored for Distinguished Achieve- – Littell, S. H. .. …………… " .. " ………. 401 – Lobenstine, E. C. " …………………….. 561 ments ………………………………… 829 – MacKenzie, Wm. Douglas ……………… 402 New Gulnea-Unreached Tribe in …………. 67 – Marquis, John A. ………………………. 82 New Hebrides Synod ……………………… 67 – Mathews, Basil ………………………… 561 New Zealand Affairs ……………………… 547 – Morris, Samuel L ………………………. 242 Nicaragua, Moravian Mission in, Paul de – McAfee. Cleland B……………………… 562 Schweinitz ……………………………. 15 – McConnell, Francis J ………………….. 801 Nigeria, Open Doors in …………………… 865 – McKinney, A. H. ……………………….. 3 – Welfare Center in ……………………… 145 – McMillan, Homer ………………………. 561 – Newell, Dr. and Mrs. Horatio B……….. 864 Nile Mission Press Jubilee ……………….. 461 – Norcutt, Clara E ……………………….. 401 Ohio. Pioneer Mission in …………………. 953 – Patton, Cornelil's H. …………………… 82 "One Book for All People" ……………….. 958 Page Page Personals-Ritchie, John …………………. 3 Race Relations-Sunday ………………….. 77 – Roots, Bishop of Hankow ………………. 561 Readers' Course ………………………….. 946 – Simons, George A………………………. 242 Reconciliation Trips, Clarence V. Howell … 758 – Smith, William M. …………………….. 82 Reformed Church in America, Wm. I. Cham- – Strong, William E. .. ………………….. 799 berlain ………………………………. 2l – Warnshuis, A. L ………………………. 641 – – – – Celebrates …………………….. 868 _ White, Charles L …………………… 242,288 – – – the U. S., Allen R. Bartholomew… 17 – Wilson, E. Graham ……………………. 482 Retrospect ……………………………….. 934 – Wilson, Warren H …………………….. 721 Reunion, Anglican Bishop on ……………. 858 _ Yul, David ……………………………. 482 Rhodesia-Life In, Missionary, By a Mis- – Zwemer, Samuel M. .. ……………82, 799, 801 sionary ………………………………. 350 Peru, Nursing in …………………………. 234 Roman Catholics in China ………………. 779 – Revolution in …………………………. 861 Roumania-Baptisms …………………….. 873 Peruvian Spreads Gospel ………………… 62 – Church Auctions Treasures ……………. 873 Philippines-Bible Did, What One ……….. 703 Russell, James Solomon, Negro Educator, J. – Christian Work in the ………………… 153 J. Clopton …………………………… 668 – Education, Filipinos Gift to Religious …. 470 Russia-Anti-Religious Program …………. 150 – Eucharistic Congress ………………….. 315 – Appeal from …………………………… 149 – Evangelism, Foliow Up ……………….. 793 – Atheist University, First ………. ……… 66 – Free, Senate Committee Favors …….. 205,627 – Churches, Plea for ……………………. 467 – Independence ……………………….. 205, 627 – Education Compulsory ………………… 873 – Language for Mindanaos, Inventing …… 794 – Evangelical Activity ………………….. 67 – Lepers at Culion ……………………… 957 – Letters from ………………………….. 467 – Literature Society, Christian ………….. 389 – Lutheran Churches in …………………. 622 – Mission of St. Francis ………………… 389 – Mohammedans in ……………………… 223 – School Strike, Manila …………………. 628 – Niebuhr, Dr. Reinhold ………………… 956 _ Silliman Institute ……………… , ….627,702 – Persecution, Religious …………….. .445,793 – Sunday Schools Reorganized ………….. 315 – Religion, To Starve Out ………………. 223 – Under Our Flag in the Orient, George H. – Religious Persecution, Mas s Protest Trull ………………………………… 805 Against ……………………………… 308 – Union, Church ………………………… 115 – – Persecution …………………………. 874 – – Theologi.cal Seminary of the, Howard – World Alliance Discusses ……………… 859 W. Wlddoes ………………………. 437 Russians Risk Lives for Gospel ………….. 382 – United Church of Manila ………. , ……. 470 Sacraments Necessary? Agreement on, Wm. Pioneer Mission Agency ………………….. 77. Adams Brown ………………………… 839 Poem-Book, and Liberty, Emily Dickinson 619'/' Salvad,or, Conference, 111 ••••••••••••••••••••••• 155 – Books for Lands That Are Bookless …… 381" SalvatIOn Army JubIlee ……. , ………….. 634 – Choice, John Oxenham …….. : ………… 141 Samoa, In ……………………………….. 236 – He Loves Them All ……………………. 693 Santa Claus, Original ……………………. 214 – I Do It Unto Thee …………………….. 771 Santo Domingo Disaster …………………. 764 – Man Who Meant to Give, Howard W. Pope 772 Schaumer, Mrs. A. F., Death of ………….. 46 – New Year's Dreams, Alfred Noyes ……. 534 Scotland Assembly, Church of …………… 620 _ Petition, Elizabeth D. Richards ……….. 693 Seminaries, Conference of Theological, A. L. – Prayer, Edgar A. Guest ……………….. 295 ' S~rviWce,a r nOspheuniisn gasn df oSr . M;. ~avert ………… 123 _ Sonship ………. .. …….. .. .. ………. …. 59 / ………… 313 MIssIOnary =_ Thy Kingdom Come, John Oxenham ….. 849'. Sla~, Burma and M~laya, Seen and Heard _ Thi y Will Be Done,Jox hn 0 enham . . , .. '" 849//' _ M1i1s1s, ioDneslaIyna,n ALm. ePrI!cearsno, n H…..R…..H…..P..r.I,'n.c.e. 753 W nds of Life …………………………. 214 • Damrong …………………………….. 331 Wonderful Work ………………………. 55/ Siberia-Nomads …………………………. 858 Poland and BaltIC States .. , ……………… 544 Singh, Sadhu Sundar, Not Found ………… 157 – Assembly, General Church ……………. 873 Smuts, General, on Missions in Africa ….. 367 – Protestants In …………………………. 544 Social Work First Church Conference on Porto Rico, Famine in …… ,…………….. 62 Amelia Wyckoff …………………….. : 598 – – Financial Success, Notable …………. 708 Societies, Some Very Respectable Missionary, – – Roosev<:lt on …….. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . .. … 708 Otis Cary ……………………….. ; …. 111 – – School 111 San Juan, New …………… 155 Solomon Islander Enters Ministry ……….. 546 – – Self-support Plans ………………….. 550 South America-Air Mail and Missions ….. 466 – – Tourists Sought …………………….. 784 – and Central American Indian …………. 551 – – Union and Progress in, C. Manly Mor- Spain and Portugal, Protestantism in '" .149, 466 ton ………"……………………….. 188 – _ – Religions in ……………………… 466 Portugal and Spa1ll-Protestants of ……… 466 Stockholm Continuation Committee ………. 77 – – – Religions in …… ' ……………….. 466 Sudan, Education in ……………………… 75 Prayer, A, Robert Norwood ……………… 674 _ Interior Mission ………………………. 221 – and Young People, World Day of …….. 853 Swain, Clara A., First Woman Physician to – Around the World, Visualizing the World India ………………………………… 306 Day of ………………………………. 299 Swiss Government Honors Adolf Keller ….. 782 – Call to ~aster …………………………. 241 Syria-American Junior College for Women – FellowshIP of …………………………. 312 in Beirut ……………………………. 790 – for All Missionaries , ………………….. 287 – Home Economics in …………………… 228 – – Peace and Unity of the Church …….. 304 – Hospital for Mental Diseases, Lebanon .. 228 – India's Call to …………………………. 725 – Republic, As a ………………………… 635 – Week of ………………………………. 41 – Sidon Girls' School …. ' ……………….. 228 Presbyterian Church in the U. S,' Egbert W. – Women, College for …………………… 790 Smith ………………………………… 16 – Women, Freedom for …………………. 543 – – – U. S. A. Among Mormons, Andrew J. – Youth Problem ……………………….. 464 MontgOl,nery ………………………. 26 Tibet and Dr. Shelton, Regarding ……….. 481 – Home MIssIOnary Work by Women, M. Today in the Land of YesterdaY,Delavan L. Katharine Bennett …………………… 24 Pierson ………………………………. 325 – Training School of Chicago …………… 70 Travel Experience, Varieties of, Delavan L. Ppres~ 9~nfer, Editors o~ Religious ……….. 605 rohlbltIOn and CanadIan Women, Mrs. R. Pierson ………………………………. 753 Tnrkey and Greece Abandon War Holidays . 955 G, Dingman …………………………. 855 – Change, Rapid ………………………… 464 – – High Schools " .. " ………………….. 541 – Child Welfare Week .. , ………………… ~43 – in Canada, Statistics ………………….. 857 – Decade In ……………. ' ………………. 388 – Law, Upholding the, Bertha Grummel – Ignorance. Turk on Their …………….. 792 Judd …………….. " ………………… 458 – Mission Changes Name ……………….. 147 Protestantism In Europe, Harry Jeffs …… 571 – Movies, Against American …………….. 634 – – France, Ch. Merle O"Aubigne ………. 574 – Religious Reforms …………………….. 146 Race Relations-At Work for Christian, – Restrictions on Christian Teaching Lifted 228 Katherine Gardner …………………… 942 – youth In ………………………………. 543 Page Page Turkish Health Society ………..•…•.•…•• 543 United States-Needy Field, .J. T. Larsen .. 364 Ukrania, Evangelical Movements in ……… 620 – – Negro Gains In Decade …………….. 386 – National Movement •……………….•…. 149 – – – Life, Facts on ……………………. 632 Under the Red and Black Star, Anna L. – – – Missionaries in Africa •………….. 631 – – Orientals in ………………………… 790 Curtis ………..•……••……………… 191 – – Peril of Country and Remedy, by Cool- Unevangelized Territory ………………. 551,706 Union, Friends Consider …………………. 225 idge ………………………………. 485 – in South India, Proposed, Arthur J. – – Personal Work in New England Fac- Brown ., ……………………………..• 43 tory Town .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. •• •.. . … 762 – What Agreements Are Necessary to – – Presbyterian Church Centennial, Pitts- Church ………………………………. 836 burgh …………………………….. 70 United States-Atlanta University ……….. 541 – – Prohibition and High Schools ………• 541 – – Campaign, Five-Year Religious ……. , 311 – – Rural Church Volunteers, Warren H. – – Children Donate to Missions ………•• 633 – – China Institute in ………………….. 542 Wilson ……………………………. 590 – – Chinese Gift to American Church …•.. 463 – – – Life, Sunday, Coe Hayne ………… 347 – – Churches in New York City ………..• 789 – – – Missionaries, School for ………….. 634 – – – Losing Ground? ………………….• 444 – – – Pastors, Schools for ……………… 380 – – Cities, Growth of Small ……………. 541 – – St. Paul's Normal and Industrial – – City, Church in the, Changing ……… 614 – – Conference of Negro Educators …….. 225 School, J. J. Clopton ……………… 668 – – – on Foreign Language Church Find- – – Social Work, Protestant ……………• 788 – – Spanish-Speaking Area Needy Field, J. ings ………………………………. 774 – – – Religious Press ….. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 224 T. Larsen …………………………. 364 – – Congregational Missionary Program for – – Support, Plans for Missionary ……… 542 – – Unemployment ……………………… 604 South ……………………………… 541 – – – and Economy …………………….. 680 – – Cooperation In Ozarks ……………… 224 – – Union Settlement Work, Springfield, – – Cooperative Adult Education …•. ; ….. 952 – – Council of Churches ………………..• 385 Ohio ………………………………. 220 – – Crime and Religious Training ……… 5n – – University of California for Pacific – – – Prevention ……………………….. 224 – – Criminals and Christian Homes …….. 462 Coast Countries …………………… 789 – – Denominations Find Points of Agree- – – Visitation Evangelism ………………. 542 – – Women's Church and Missionary Fed- ment …•………………………….. 7G6 – – Education Five-Year Program, Reli- eration, Omaha …………………… 219 – – Y. W. C. A. and the Negro Girl …….. 712 gious ……………………………… 311 – – Youth Challenge to Church …………. 867 – – – Meeting, International Council of Unity in U. S., Christian ………………… 385 Unoccupied Fields-Solemn Facts ……… 551,706 Religious . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 384 Uruguay-Junior Church, First ………….. 465 – – Elmira College Missionaries, Esther Vasquez, Marcelino, Quiche Indian, Paul Bowman ………………………….. 670 Burgess ……………………………… 116 – – Evangelism, Call to ………………… 444 Venezuela-Conference in Caracas ……••… 394 – – Factory Conditions, F. L. Garside ….. 595 Virgin Islands Economic Condition ………. 627 – – Federation of Women's Church So- Waid, Eva Clark, Memorial ……………… 535 Waldensians, Faithful Witness of the, Ter- cieties, Providence ……………… " 218 – – Filipino Center, Stockton, California .. 220 tius van Dyke ……………………….. 565 – – – Students' Conference …………….. 69 Wanted-Books for a Mission Library …… 157 – – Filipinos, Evangelism Among ……•… 386 War, Cause and Cure of-Readers' Course .. 776 – – Foreign-Language Church ………….. 774 West Indies, Cooperating in the, Samuel G. – – Foreigners, Rules for Treatment of … 225 – – Gifts for Religion Lead …………….. 782 Inman ……………………………….. 509 – – Hinduism, Foothold for …………….. 311 – – Old Forts and New Forces in the, Ed- – – – Invades New York ………………. 463 – – Home Missions Congress ……………. 624 ward A. Odell …………………….. 512 – – – – Council of Montana …………… 69 Will, Philanthropist's ……………………. 707 – – Hospital Evangelism ……………….. 632 Woman's Baptist Foreign Mission Society, – – Illiteracy Decreasing ……………….. 462 – – Interdenominational Missionary Coun- Minnie V. Sandberg …………………. 20 – Foreign Missionary Society, M. E., Six- cil, Des Moines …………………… 218 – – Interracial Cooperation Campaign ….. 312 tieth Anniversary, Mrs. C. C. Peale …. 27 – – – Relations, Constructive Work in Mis- Women in Home Missions, Mrs. Orrin. R.

sions and, J. J. Clopton …………… 668 Judd …………………………………. 486 – – Japanese Christians ……………….. 463 – Presbyterian Home Missionary, Work of, – – – Eager for Bible ………………….. 70 – – – Methodists Gain …………………. 68 M. Katharine Bennett ……………….. 24 – – – Students' Christian Association, – Boards of Foreign Missions, Annual Meet- George Iwashita ………………….. 673 ing ………………………………….. 215 – – Labor, Church in South to Study …… 713 Working Conditions Here and Abroad, – – Lutheran Student Association ………. 542 – – Lynching, States with No…………… 543 Girls', Frances L. Garside …………… 595 – – Military Training in Education ……. 619 World Acquaintance Travel, Inc…………. 176 – – Missionaries Needed, Home …………. 714 – Alliance Discusses Russia …………….. 859 – – Mountaineers, Christian Literature for 69 – – for Friendship ……………………… 229 – – – Lewlscot League, James M. Smith .. 355 – – – Peace ……………………………. 230 – – Mountains of Virginia, Gospel in …… 868 – Friendship, To Cultivate ……………… 549 Yenching University, Opening of, J. Leigh- ton Stuart …………………………. 98 Y. M. C. A. in Assiut …………………….. 145 Youth and Missionary Education ………… 139 – – Missions, Sue Weddell ……………… 824 Zambesi Industrial Mission, Growth of …… 145 BOOKS REVIEWED Page Page Africa and Some World Problems, J. C. Century of Anglo-Catholicism, Herbert L. Smuts ……………………………….. 879 Stewart ……………………………… 876 African Horizons, John Cudahy …………. 880 Chain'-Reference Bible, Frank C. Thompson 106 Africa's Dome of Mystery, Eva Stuart-Watt 798 Changino; Sudan, W. W. Cash ……………. 558 Altar Stairs, Joseph Fort Newton ………… 105 China Christian Year Book, Editor, Frank Behold the Man, Friedrich Rlttelmeyer …. . Rawlinson …………………………… 395 …………………………..3d cover, August China, the Land and the People, L. H. Dud- Between the Americas, Jay S. Stowell …… 517 Between the Desert and the Sea, I. Lilias ley Buxton …………………………… 474 China Year Book, Editor, H. G. W. Wood- Trotter …… .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. … 559 Book to Know, James McConaughy ………. 80 head …………………………………. 395 China's Crucifixion, Putnam Weale ………. 963 Page Page Chri~t Stronger than Caste, A, E. Rasamann 963 On the Threshold of the Century, H. T. and E. W. Marshall ……………………… 557 Christian God, Richard Roberts ………….. 104 Our Caribbean Neighbors, George W. Hin- Christian Reunion in Ecumenical Light. man …………………………………. 516 Francis J. Hall ……………………… 398 Out of Yesterday Into Tomorrow, Mary Christian's Alternative to War, Leyton Jenness ………………………………. 752 Richards …… .. .. .. . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. … 318 Church at Work. Clarence H. Benson …….. 400 Padre in Paraguay, C. E. Newbould ……… 718 Patteson of Melanesia, Frank H. L. Paton .. 474 Crawford, Dan, Missionary and Pioneer in Pentecost, a Renewal of Power, B. H. Bruner 430 Central Africa, G. L. Tilsley ………… 399 Philippines Past and Present, Dean C. Democracy and Mission Education in Korea, Worcester ……………………………. 717 James E,. Fisher …………………….. 160 Pilgrimage to Palestine, Harry Emerson Directory of Christian Missions in India, Fosdick ……………………………… 239 Burma and Ceylon …………………… 318 Do You Like Our Country? Rnth 1. Seabury 752 Pinnacles of Personality, Henry Clay Risner 477 Pioneering on Social Frontiers, Graham Drama of Christianity, S. L. Morris ……… 160 Taylor ………………………………. 796 Earth the Theatre of the Universe, Clarence H. Benson …………………………… 318 Pioneers of Goodwill, Harold B. Hunting … 554 Place of Jesus Christ In Modern Christian- East Africa, Pamphlet, Church Missionary ity, John Baillie …………………….. 431 Society ……………. . .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. … 558 Porto Rican Neighbors, Charles W. St. Joh~ 617 Eastern Colour of the Bible, George H. Power from on High, John Greenfield …… 80 Scherer …………………………….. 719 Educating for Peace, E. M. and J. L. Lobin- ~~:y~~, w. rF' Orc~a.rd ………………….. 960 gier …………………………………. 720 y ,Ma 0 PUglISI ……………………. 105 Emerging Christian Faith, Justin W. Nixon 433 Praying Hyde, E. G. Carre ………………. 876 Praying to Change Things, Chas. E. Robin- Evangelicals at Havana, Samuel Guy Inman 397 Preses.on~n …………………………3d cover July Evangelism, Herman C. Weber .. 3d cover, March Crisis in Religion, W. E. Orchard '.. 478 Fighters for Freedom, Austin K. de Blois .. 430 Freedom, Welthy Honsinger Fisher ……… 558 PrImitive Church, B. H. Streeter ………… 78 Procession of the Gods, Gaius Glenn Atkins 962 Freeman of Shanghai, F. Booth Tucker ….. 158 Prohibition and Prosperity, Samuel Crowther 557 Fullerton, Robert Stewart: A Memoir, J. J. Lucas ……………………………….. 878 Publicity for Social Work, Mary S. Routzahn and Evart G. Routzahn ……………… 320 Gandhi, Mahatma-His Own Story, Edited Quest of the Nepal Border, Gordon M. Guln- by C. F. Andrews ……………………. 961 Golden Sparrow, Irene Mason Harper …… 752 ness …………………………………. 878 Gospel Among the Red Men, Robert Hamil- Red Men on the Big Horn, Coe Hayne ……. 719 Religion In Soviet Russia, Wm. Chauncey ton ………………………………….. 399 Emhardt …………………………….. 4.4 Highways and Byways In Japan, Lois John- son Erickson ………………………… 158 Resident Orientals on the American Pacific Coast, Eliot G. Mears ………………… 240 H!story of Alaska. Henry W. Clark ……… 718 Resurrection of Jesus Christ William Ban- History of Protestant Missions in Korea, L. George Palk …………………………. 637 . croft Hill …………… .'……………… 796 RIse of the Missionary Spirit in America Humanity Uprooted, Maurice Hindus …….. 640 1790-1815, Oliver Wendell EUsbree …… : 638 Immortabllity, an Old Man's Conclusions, S. D. McConnell …………………….. 7!t7 Romance Road: Life and Work in Northern Africa, Georgiana B. Such …………… 639 In the Land of the Santals, Mathew A. Saviours of Mankind, Wm. R. Van Buskirk 554 Pederson …………………………….. 719 In the Waiting Isles, Charles S. Detweiler . 719 Science and the Unseen World Arthur S Eddington …… '" ………. :3d cover March India in Bondage. Jabez T. Sunderland ….. 797 Sheep of the Outer Fold, F. H. Towne .. : …. 558 India In 1928-29. John Coatman …………… 752 India Looks to Her Future, Oscar M. Buck . 720 Significance of Personality, Richard M. Som';t~~~;g i~~~~''': R~b~~t' E."Sj,~·~~·:::::::: ~n India on the March, Alden H. Clark ……… 558 Indian Islam. Murray T. Titus …………… 798 Son of China, Sheng-Cheng ……………… 877 Indians of South America and the Gospel ~nlendor Of God, Honore Willsie Morrow …. 319 Alex. R. Hay ……………………….. : 240 International Aspect of the Missionary ~~ar ff j!,dia, Isabel Brown Rose ……….. 752 eep elm, W. Wyeth Willard …………. 159 Movement in China, Chao-Kwang Wu . 876 Stock, Eugene, Georgina A. Gollock ……….. 160 Jesus Road and the Red Man, G. E. E. Lin- quist ………………………………… 557 Story of David Livingstone, W. P. Living'- stone ………………………………… 396 Johnson of the Mohawks, Arthur Pound and Tales of Modern Missionaries, Jeanne M. Richard E. Day ……………………… 555 Jungle Portraits. Delia J. Akeley ………… 717 Serrell ……………………………. '" 559 Taylor, Hudson, the Man Who Believed God Korea Calls, lois H. Swinehart ………….. 638 Marshall Broomhall ………………… ' 476 Korean Church and the Nevius Methods Ten Thousand Miles with a Dog Sled, Hud: Ch,,;rles Allen Clark ………………… : 961 Lady Missionaries in Many Lands, E. R. Pit- son Stuck …………………………… 962 Tiger! Tiger! Life Story of John B. Gough' man ……… …. ………. ….. . 719 Life and Letters of Sir Henry joh;{~to;,· Honore W. Morrow ………………… : 554 TorreJ;, Reuben Archer, Robert Harkness .. 557 . Alex. Johnston ……………………… : 877 Tour. m the Near East, James Hunter …… 558 T,Ife of Phillins Brooks. William Lawrence . 96~ Long, Crooked River. Albert B. Kerr …….. ~gg TrailIng the ConqUistadores, Samuel G. In- man …………………………………. 516 J ,ove the Law of Life. Toyohlko Kagawa … 396 Trotter, Lilias, Blanche A. F. Pigott …….. 639 Ma..~c Doll of Roumanla, Queen Marie …… 560 Tro,users of Taffeta, Margaret Wilson ……. 399 Makmg of a Great Race, Edward A. Steiner 159 TWlCe Born Ministers, S. M. Shoemaker … .

Meyer. F. B., A. Chester Mann ………….. 475 …………………………….3d cover March Missionary Education of Intermediates Two Pioneers: Life Sketches of Thoinas . :vrabel G. Kerschner ……..3d cover, August and Mark Botham of the C. 1. M., Mrs. Mark .Botham ……………………….. 719 MISSIOn. Our Mission, M. E. Dodd ……….. 558 Under SyrIan Stars, Princess Rahme Haldar 560 MOd'iin Pilgrim's Progress, De Witt Lincoln U. S. Looks at Its Churches, C. Luther Fry 878 elton ……………………………….. 80 Ways of I Sharing with Other Faiths, Daniel Mor!<an. G. Campbell-The Man and His J. F eml ng ……… ……….. . .H.u.l.b.~. ~t'" 555 Message, John Harries ……………… 960 W est Indian Tr easures. Winifred 517 Wha~sl Right with the Rural Church? R. i;. Mor~on Way. Claton S. Rice …………. ~ .. 556 Morrison. Robert. of China. W. J. Townsend 158 e ton ……. .. ………. . …. . William.s. Roger, Prophet 'an d" Nature of the Physical World, A. S. Edding- ·:i;lo·~~~~· ton ………………………………….. 237 EmIly E'aston …………….. je.r.u..s.ai~;;" ' 879 New Catholic Dictionary …………………. 238 ld Missions as Seen from Wor New Era In Missions, Homer E. Wark …… 560 Milton J. Staull'er …………3d cover April New Testament In the Light of Modern Re- world:r hB.est Religious Quotations, James search, Adolph Deissmann …………… 104 GI crist Lawson …………………….. 961

The Missionary Review of the World — December 1930

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1IIII1I1IIIII1I1I1III1I1I11Il1I1I1lll1lll:1IIl1lll1lll1lll1lll1lll1lll1l1lll1lll1l1lll1lll1lll1l1l1l1l1l111: ~ Remarkable C!Cbri£itma£i <!&fftr T HROUGH a special arrangement with the publishers we are able to offer readers and their friends the oppor- tunity of obtaining the well-known biog- raphy of Dan Crawford Missionary and Pioneer in Central Africa This book is written by Dr. G. E. Tils- ley, F.R.G.S., of Central Africa, and is the Life Story of one of the Greatest Mission- aries since Livingstone. Read what Jean Kenyon Mackenzie says: "The adventures of an ardent youth who at less than twenty was a pioneer in Central Africa and at less than twenty-live was a veteran-and who was known to be among the tribes he served, to the end of his lifty- three years~the like of such material would be hard to lind. Here is no common book and reading of it will have no common ef- fect. Here is the inimitable Dan Crawford speaking in his own deeply moving fashion of the things of Africa."

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Please mention THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD in writin£ to advertisers. THE MISSIONARY PERSONAL REVIEW OF THE WORLD FRANK B. KELLOGG was elected a Judge of the World Court on Septem- DIILAVAN L. PIBBSON, Editor ber 17th to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of Charles Evans ARTHUR J. BROWN, lffd£tor lor 1930 Hughes, and on September 25th, he was chosen to serve a full term of nine CONTENTS-December, 1930 years beginning January 1st when the other term expires. He has accepted the Page appointment.

FRONTISPIECE – ALL NATIONS SHALL Though Mr. Kellogg is seventy-four years old, his election was considered COME AND WORSHIP BEFORE THEE.. 884 highly desirable because the Court may be called upon to interpret the Pact A CHRISTMAS MESSAGE ………. . which bears his name. The other Judges ……………. ARTHUR J. BROWN 885 chosen for the nine-year term include nine from Europe, three from Latin YESTERDAYS IN HOME MISSIONS … America and two from the Far East.

• •.•.••.•••.•••.• WII~LIAM R. KING 886 *** WORLD. CONDITIONS AFFECTING THE RT. REV. FRANK W. CREIGHTON, FOREIGN MISSIONS ……….. . D.D., Bishop of Mexico, has been asked by the Presiding Bishop of the Protes- • •••••••.• RALPH E. DIFFIlNDORFER 893 tant Episcopal Church to take over, in addition to his oversight of that mis- GLIMPSES OF THE YEAR IN THE sionary district, the new office of Domes- COUNCIL OF WOMEN FOR HOME tic Secretary at the Church Missions MISSIONS … FLORENCE E. QUINLAN 896 House, and give his organizing and ad- ministrative ability to that task. YEAR'S WORK OF THE FEDERATION EOIFGNWOMMISESNIO'SNSBO.A.R. .D.S. . .O.F. . .F.O. .R.· *** · ………….. FLORENCE G. TtLER 899 DR. WILLIAM NESBITT CHAMBERS' Ju- UP FROM SAVAGERY IN PAPUA …. bilee was celebrated in connection with ………….. DELAVAN L. P.ERSON 903 the annual meeting of the Syria section of the Near East Mission and the Evan- CENTENARY OF AMERICAN PROTES· gelical Union of pastors and preachers, TANT MISSIONS IN CHINA ….. To mark his fifty years of work for the Armenians they planned and carried out • ••..•• KENNETH SCOTT LATOURETTE 912 a delightful service. A sketch of his life was given by one of their number who ONE HUNDRED YEARS OF MORMON· had been associated with him for thirty ISM …….. EDWARD LA"'D MILLS 917 years. At the close they presented him with a cane beautifully inscribed. THE .GRI!lAT WORK OF THE NEAR EAST .RELIEF: WHAT IS TO *** FOLLOW IT? … JAMES L. BARTON 922 DR. TOYOHIKO KAGAWA, eminent Japa- BETHLEHEM'S CHURCH OF THE NA· nese author, Christian saint and social . TIVITY … NANCY VIRG.NIA AUSTEN 926 prophet, is to visit America again next year. He will be one of the speakers at MISSIONS A BACKGROUND FOR the World's Y. M. C. A. Conference, at WORLD PEACE …………… . Cleveland, in August. He has just com- ….. MRS. SCHUYLER C. WOODHULL 929 pleted two books in Japanese, "God and the Gospel of Divine Love," an intro· ANNUAL REPORT – AMERICAN MIS· duction to the New Testament, and SION TO LEPERS ………….. 932 "Meditations About God," of which twenty thousand copies of each have CHINESE REDS BEHEAD WOMEN been printed. MISSIONARIES …………….. 933 TOPICS OF THE TIMES …………. 934 RETROSPECT RETURN OF EDITOR PIERSON DOES GANDHI RSPRESENT ALL INDIA?

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THE MISSIONARY REVIEW PUBLISHING OBITUARY COMPANY, INC. DR. JAMES HENDERSON, Principal of ROBIIRT E. SPUR, Pr••iden' Lovedale Missionary Institution, Cape Province, Africa, passed away suddenly WILLIAM I. CHAMBERLAIN, Vice-President at Lovedale, July 19. The high stand- DIILAVAN L. PIIIBSON, 8ecrdaf"'JI ards associated witlr the school have WALTIIB McDOUGA.LL, Trt1aBurer been directly due to the personal influ- ence, the untiring industry and business Publication Ornce, 3d '" Reily St., Harrisburg, ability of Dr. Henderson. He has had Pa. 2lic a cop,.. $2.50 a year. the benefit of the fullest cooperation of his wife, who survives him; and one of Editorl"l and BURlnes. Ornce, 1118 Fifth Avenue, his daughters who is on the staff of the New York Cit,. Institute.

Entered as second·cla•• matter at the Past Ornce. Harrisburg, Pa., under Act ot March S, 1879. Nearly Seven MWlon you buy TODAY •• Dollars in WILL Annuity Agreements SAVE A LIFE TOMORROW Issued By YOUR health tomorrow The Mission Boards of the may depend upon the Methodist Episcopal Church constant and persistent fight WHY? against tuberculosis today.

Because the Annuity Plan Provides: BUY CHRISTMAS SEALS FIGHT TUBERCULOSIS A sound investment A guaranteed income for life A gift to Home and Foreign Missions F or further infortfU}tion write: W. J. ELLIOTT, Treasurer, Board of Home Missions and Church Extension of the Methodist Episcopal Church, 1701 Arch St., Philadelphia, Pa., or MORRIS W. EHNES, Treasurer, Board of Foreign Missions of the Methodist Episcopal Church, 150 Fifth Avenue, New York, N. Y.

Africa Inland Mission URGENTLY NEEDED Headquarters 373 Carlton Ave., Brooklyn, N. Y. A qualified woman missionary physician for a woman's hospital Missionaries, 200; African laborers, in Jhansi, United Provinces, In- 600, preaching and teaching the great dia, to sail not later than January, essentials of the Scriptures in 25 dia- 1931. A short-term worker for lects in East and Central Africa. two or three years would be con- Bible schools, hospitals and many sidered. dispensaries operated. The hope of Africa lies in the knowledge of an Correspondence should be adalmighty Redeemer, of a whole Bible dressed to: and a spirit-filled native ministry. Mrs. F. H. Marston, Candidate Inland Africa and other literature Secretary, Woman's Union mailed free on request Missionary Society of Amer- ica, Room 315, Bible House, AWork of Faith in Dark Africa New York City- Please mention THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF TUII WORLD in writine to advertisers. o little town of Bethlehem, Descend on us, we pray; How still we see thee lie; Cast out our sin, and enter in, Above thy deep and dreamless sleep Be born in us today.

The silent stars go by: We hear the Christmas angels Yet in thy dark streets shineth o The great glad tjdings tell; The everlasting light; come to us, abide with us, The hopes and fears of all the years Our Lord Emmanuel.

Are met in Thee tonight. -Bishop Phillips Brooks.

LIII, No. 12 December

A CHRISTMAS MESSAGE £il.SoCf HthReISdaTyMiAn Smaapnpyrolaacnhdess,- I picture to myself the observance the hymns that will be sung, the prayers that will be offered, the giving and receiving of pres- ents, and the joyous gatherings about family tables. I think too of the longings that will be in many hearts for loved ones far away.

I know that while some will spend the day in happy circumstances, others will spend it in illness or anxiety; but I also know that He who was born in Bethlehem 1900 years ago ever liveth to give just the blessing that each one will need.

Should not the time which we commemorate as the anniversary of the birth of our Lord and Saviour inspire us anew with the joy that His coming meant for the world, give us a richer sense of His companionship, lead us to value anew our fellowship with one an- other in the Gospel as co-workers together with God. No matter what the future may bring, "my God shall supply every need of yours according to His riches in glory in Christ Jesus." Not some of your needs but "every" one; not in scanty measure but "accord- ing to his riches in glory in Christ Jesus." What more can the be- liever ask?

The difficulties that beset missionary work just now are many.

Instead, however, of allowing ourselves to be depressed by them, should we not feel that they constitute a new challenge to our faith?

That eminent Chinese Christian, Chang Po-ling, has well said: "To be sure, it is a discouraging outlook just now. But why should we let go of our faith because things look so bad? If everything looked promising we might do without faith. In discouraging times, when all we see is depressing, is the very time when faith helps most.

Right now is exactly the time to have faith."

In Irvin Bachellor's "Dawn," a historical tale of the days when the Son of God walked upon earth, the principal character, Doris, who had given her heart to Jesus and consecrated her life to His service, said to a scoffer who had declared that Christ's sayings were not original: "I have felt the power of His Word. If His sayings were in the writings of Hillel, they were dead. He raised them from their grave and put life into them and set them traveling through the world. Not all the Legions of Rome can stop them."

Thank God that this was true, and that if all the Legions of Rome could not stop them in the first century, neither can all the powers of earth stop them in the twentieth. Let us face the New Year with serene and unwavering faith in our blessed Lord, and with re- newed confidence in His guiding hand. A. J. B.

885

IN HOME

BY THE REV. WILLIAM R. KING, D.D.

Executive Secretary of the Home lJfi8Sio118 OouncU T HE North American Home tend her sway. Twelve priests Missions Congress in Wash- came with Columbus on his second ington' December 1-5, fur- voyage and began the evangelizanishes a fit occasion for a glance tion of the natives. The romantic backward over the road already story of Roman Catholic missions traveled in our 300 years of home in North America in those early missions history, as well as for a years falls into two parts-the look forward to the great stretches Spanish missions in the South and that are ahead. the French missions in the North. Whatever may be said of the meth- We Americans are so absorbed ods of those early missions, we with our todays and so anxious must admire the devotion and herabout our tomorrows, that we are oism of those Jesuit and Franprone to forget our yesterdays. ciscan fathers, who gave their lives Even churches and mission boards to plant the cross on these shores may become so burdened with pres- and bring the Gospel to the beent tasks and current budgets, and nighted red men of the western so concerned about the problems world. that are ahead, that they fail to remember "the years of the right Protestant Missions in North hand of the Most High." It is well America fall into periods of about for us to stop once in awhile and one hundred years each. The turnrecall the past. The surest cure of ing points are marked by centuries. pessimism in missionary work is a knowledge of missionary history. FIRST PERIOD 1607-1717 Protestantism Comes to America There is nothing more reassur- ing than the history of the plant- Two general causes led to the ing of the Church on these shores, coming of Protestants to America and its triumphant march across -theological controversies, and the continent. It is a romantic and the consequent political persecuthrilling story that will richly re- tions in Europe. These persecuted ward all who read it. The begin- Protestants sought asylum in nings are shrouded in mystery. America, where they could "wor- When, where and by whom the first ship God according to the dictates Christian message was preached of their own consciences, with none on the American continent is only to molest them or make them conjecture. There is a tradition afraid." They settled along the Atthat missionaries from Greenland lantic seaboard from Maine to visited the coast of New England Georgia-English Episcopalians in during the 12th and 13th centuries, Virginia, Puritans in New Engand preached to the natives. land, Dutch in New York, and Quakers in Pennsylvania. Crude The discovery of America by homes were built, little churches Columbus in 1492 marks the his- were erected, and a primitive civitoric beginning of Christian mis- lization was begun. The people sions on this continent. Rome took were scattered and hard to reach. advantage of the discovery to ex- 886

YESTERDAYS IN HOME MISSIONS

Missionary activities during this The more earnest among these first century were confined to the pioneer preachers made tours into Indian tribes and the scattered set- the outlying regions and up and tlers along the Atlantic coast. down the rivers, preaching to little Among the more noted preachers groups here and there in the wil- to the Indians during this period derness and organizing churches were: Roger Williams (1639)- as they could. Among the more founder of the Baptist Church in noted of the missionaries of this America, John Campanius (1643) period were: Spangenberg (1735) -Swedish Missionary to the Dela- -pioneer Moravian missionary in ware Indians, Megapolensis (1642) Georgia, Nitschmann (1735)- -Missionary of the Dutch Re- bishop of the Moravian Church in formed Church to the Indians in Pennsylvania, Muhlenberg (1742) New York, John Elliott (1649)- -Moravian pioneer in Pennsyl- Apostle to the Indians, Francis vania, David Brainerd (1743)- Makenie (1681)-father of Amer- saint and missionary to the Indians ican Presbyterianism, and William of the Delaware, Zeisberger Penn (1682)-Quaker Governor of (1746)-for 62 years missionary Pennsylvania and friend to the In- among 13 Indian tribes of the dians. North, and Otterbein-pietist of the Reformed Church and one of SECOND PERIOD 1717-1817 the founders of the United Breth- Protestant Missions Reach the ren Church in 1800.

Mississippi Early Missions in Canada At the beginning of the eight- Protestant missions began in eenth century, small missionary Canada after the expUlsion of the funds called "Pious Funds" were Arcadians in 1710. The Anglicans established to aid the little were the first to enter, in 1710; churches around New York and then followed the Congregational- Philadelphia. With the establish- ists in 1750; Presbyterians in mentof these funds the second cen- 1764 ; Methodists in 1772; and tury of American Missions may be the Baptists, after one or two vain said to have begun. The first one efforts, became established in was sent over from Scotland by the 1778. These beginnings in New Presbyterians, out of which the Brunswick and Nova Scotia were first home mission grant was made attended by great hardships and in 1717, to the First Presbyterian many discouragements. Ministers Church of New York, worshiping were few and hard to get; the peoat that time in the town hall. ple were scattered; the Roman Catholic Church was firmly en- During this second period, there was no organized Home Missions. trenched. The only work done was by local Among the leaders in the far preachers, who at their own expense and initiative made short north in the 18th century were: itinerations into the regions round William Tutly (1710), Henry Alabout. There were no roads, no line (1770), William Black (1772), means of travel, save on foot or James Murdock (1776), and Nicho- las Pierson (1778).

horseback, or along the rivers in Scotch-Irish Immigration crude canoes, or up and down the Between 1730 and 1770, 500,000 coast in small sailing vessels. Scotch-Irish immigrants settled

in New England, Pennsylvania, terians were strong in the section Southwest Virginia, North Caro- at that time. John B. Finley, the lina, Tennessee and Kentucky. By first presiding elder of the Meth- 1763 a Zone of Presbyterian odists, said in 1812: "The County churches stretched from New Eng- is full of Calvinists and Universal- land to the frontiers of Georgia, ists and the Presbyterian influence and these early pioneers had is so great the Methodists can pushed to the crest of the Alle- scarcely live." The first Reformed ghenies and were beginning to Church in Ohio was organized by push down into the valleys beyond. the Rev. Jacob Christman in 1803.

The first to penetrate the wilder- ness were the "Long Hunters," Organization of Mission Boards followed by the surveyors and then During the latter part of this by the settlers. Four streams of second period of Home Missions in immigrants poured through the North America, there were organ- Mohawk Valley, Southwestern ized a number of missionary agen- Pennsylvania, the valley of Vir- cies for church extension into the ginia, and at:,ound the mountains new regions. One of the first was into Georgia and Alabama. the Society of the United Brethren in 1745. Then followed in order In 1790, the first census of the the Committee of the Reformed United States gave to that section General Synod (1786), Episcopal the following distribution of popu- Committee on Missions (1792), lation: Southwest Pennsylvania 62,218, Western Virginia, 55,873, Missionary Society of Connecticut Kentucky (below Licking River) (1798), Standing Committee on 73,677, and Tennessee (1795) 66,- Home Missions of the Presbyterian 549. Church (1802), Massachusetts Settlement of Ohio Valley Baptist Missionary Society (1809), There were few settlers north and the American Board of Comof the Ohio prior to the Revolution. missioners for Foreign Missions In spite of treaty agreements, (1810) .

England held the forts and incited National Events the Indians against the settlers for ten years after the Treaty of Paris. During the last quarter of the The Ohio Company, formed in Bos- 18th century and the first quarter ton, March 1, 1786, bought the of the 19th, a number of important events took place that radically af- Western Reserve. That year Mari- fected the nation and did much to etta, Ohio, was founded and a Con- make possible the great home misgregational church was organized mionary movements of the 19th with 31 members. Eleven years century. Among them the followlater an academy was founded. By ing were the most outstanding: 1800, 35 of the 103 townships of the Revolution in 1776, the adopthe Western Reserve had 10,000 tion of the Constitution in 1789, people. The census of 1800 gave the Louisiana Purchase in 1802, Ohio Territory 43,365 popUlation. The Methodist circuit riders the Lewis and Clark Expedition in went into this section, and by 1812 1805-6, the opening of free lands had an organized conference with in Ohio, and the War of 1812.

30,000 church members, 69 circuits The outstanding home mission- and 100 preachers. The Presby- aries of the last quarter of the

YESTERDAYS IN HOME MISSIONS

18th and the early years of the "The whole country from Lake 19th century were: Francis Asbury Erie to the Gulf of Mexico is a (1772-1816)-first Bishop and valley of the shadow of death.

founder of American Methodism, Darkness rests upon it. It has more Samuel Doak (1775)-founder of than a million inhabitants, and is Washington College, Tenn., Jona- increasing every day from a than Mulkey, Andrew Baker and mighty flood of emigrants." There Edward Kelly, (1776)-pioneer were, he declared, districts east of Baptist preachers in Southwest the Mississippi, through which he Virginia, Gideon Blackburn (1792- passed, of from 20,000 to 50,000 1810)-apostle to the Cherokees people without a single preacher.

in Tennessee, Bishop McKendree These tours of Mills and his stir- (1800) -second Bishop and co- ring appeals led to the great home worker with Asbury, and Peter missionary movements of the 19th Cartwright (1805)-pioneer Cir- century, and bring us to the next cuit Rider in Tennessee and Ken- great period.

tucky. THIRD PERIOD 1817-1917 Migration Westward With the passing of colonial gov- Home Missions Become National ernment and the organization of Following Mills' reports of the the Federal States Government, religious destitution of the new sec- there began a movement of popula- tions being populated so rapidly, tion toward the West. This was there came into existence within greatly increased by the hard times the next few years several home following the War of 1812. War missionary boards and societies prices, the faIling off in trade, the charged with the responsibility of long embargo, the inhuman law of sending missionaries into the new imprisonment for debt, the burden regions. The Massachusetts and of taxation, and the opening of Connecticut Missionary Society, free land in Ohio, all gave impetus under which Mills labored, was al- to this migration, which for a time ready in existence. Then followed threatened to depopulate the At- the organization of the American lantic Coast states. The roads were Bible Society (1816), Presbyterian lined with wagons and people go- Board of Home Missions (1816), ing West. Missionary and Bible Society of Samuel J. Mills the Methodist Episcopal Church The missionary pathfinder of (1819), American Sunday School that period was Samuel J. Mills, Union (1824), American Tract So- the first great apostle to the south- ciety (1825), Congregational Home west. Disappointed in not being Missionary Society (1826), Amer- able to go to the foreign field, he ican Missionary Society of the Re- gave himself to the study of con- formed Church (1826), Board of ditions in his own country. In 1812 Domestic Missions of the Reformed and 1813, he made two journeys Church in America (1831), and from his home in Connecticut as American Baptist Home Mission far west as the Mississippi, and as Society (1832).

far south as New Orleans. Upon The first missionary to labor be- his return to the East, he pled for yond the Mississippi was Salmon missionaries to be sent to the great Giddings, who went out under the and growing southwest. He said: American Board in response to an

appeal from an earnest Presby- the Latter Day Saints, have been terian layman in St. Louis. On the subject of books, magazine November 17, 1817, he organized articles, and missionary literature the First Presbyterian Church of in large abundance. St. Louis, which is the oldest Prot- . Then followed the Bidwell party estant Church west of the Missis- In 1841, the Donner party in 1846, sippi with continuous history and and the gold rush to California in the mother of Protestantism in 1849. For a half century these mithat great western region. This grations kept up until the entire was the beginning of the great West was peopled. century of organized Home Missions, which was to see the Church Church Extension firmly planted throughout the con- During the last century, home tinent and even as far north as missionary work was largely de- Point Barrow, Alaska. nominational church extension. It consisted almost entirely in the On the Trail of the Covered Wagon planting of churches in the new Following closely upon the or- territories and in the effort to keep ganization of these mission boards up with the population in its westbegan the great trek of the Covered ward march. The Church, during Wagon across the continent. One those romantic years, was on the . hundred years ago this year, that trail of the Covered Wagon. As romantic movement began. On new territories were opened up and April 30, 1830, the first wagoners new communities settled, the misstarted from St. Louis, led by W. sionaries planted churches. In fact, L. Sublette, with a caravan of some of these early missionary twelve wagons, twelve head of cat- pioneers, like Marcus Whitman, tle for food, and eighty-one men. were colonizers and active promot- ers of western migration. Whit- About this time there sprang up man's great feat in crossing the that strange cult of Mormonism, Rockies with a covered wagon and which has played such a prominent opening up the Oregon trail to the part in home mission history for a Northwest is an outstanding excentury. Originating with Joseph ample of the place of the home mis- Smith, in New York State one hun- sionary in the early history of the dred years ago this year (1930 ) , West. The history of the West and passing through successive during the first half of the 19th stages in Illinois and Missouri, it century cannot be written without finally found its permanent home giving a large place to those brave in Utah. On July 24, 1847, Brig- home missionary adventurers who ham Young, and his band of work- with unsurpassed courage endured ers and travel-weary pilgrims, the hardness of those rough and stood on a foot hill of the Wasach primitive days, while planting the Mountains, overlooking the great Salt Lake Valley, and exclaimed: Church on the plains, in the moun- "This is the place." Soon after, tains and in the frigid regions of home missionaries began their Alaska. Immigration work among the Mormons of Utah.

The story of its sufferings, the ro- Another movement, which mance of its migration, the re- mightily affected Home Missions markable growth of the Church of and added to the responsibilities of

YESTERDAYS IN HOME MISSIONS

our Home Mission Boards during testify to the work of the faithful this great missionary century, was home missionary of the 19th cen- the coming of foreigners. From tury.

1821-1910, there came to America Women, from the beginning, from Europe a total of 27,870,598 have been in the forefront of all people. Prior to 1882, most of missionary activity, both home and these came from Northern and foreign. Their work was carried Western Europe. After that date, on for many years in connection immigration came largely from with the so-called "men's boards"

Southern Europe. In 1920, the for- of the various denominations. The eign-born from southern and south- first woman's home mission board western Europe numbered about or national society was organized 5,000,000. This influx of popula- in 1877. Since that date, women's tion introduced many new and dif- home mission boards have been or- ficult problems for the Church, as ganized in many of the denomina- well as for the State. Three-fifths tions. The women's boards have of them settled in New England always been interested particularly and the Middle Atlantic states, in specialized types of work, such very largely in the cities, thus cre- as schools, hospitals, social centers, ating both city and industrial prob- and for special groups of un- lems. Missions among the new privileged peoples, such as the Americans have played a large and Indians, Mountaineers, Mormons, important part in Home Mission Alaskans, Negroes, Migrants, Mex- work during this third period. icans and Orientals.

With the Spanish-American War FOURTH PERIOD-1908 in 1898, the West Indies, Cuba, Santo Domingo, Haiti, and Porto Home Missions Become' Cooperative Rico were added to our Home Mis- Not quite a quarter of a century sion responsibility. For 300 years, has passed of this present period, these Islands had been under the but enough has been accomplished rule of Spain and the dominance of in the line of interdenominational the Roman Catholic Church. comity and cooperation to indicate The list of men and women of the new trend in Home Missions.

this heroic period of Home Mis- There is, without question, a "new sions is too large to include in this Home Missions," and the chief brief outline; it would require characteristic of it is cooperation.

pages even to list them. Among The old time rivalry is passing. A the most outstanding names of the new spirit is dominant. Denomina- period were: Bishop William Tay- tional boards are no longer com- lor, Lee, Whitman, Spaulding, Mc- peting as they once did in church Beth, Cooke, Harwood, Jackson, extension, or denominational ex- McFarland, Young, and Kemper. pansion; they are cooperating in The record of their accomplish- a constantly developing team work ments can never be adequately for the conquest of America for written. Today, thousands of Jesus Christ and His Kingdom.

churches, hundreds of thousands of Twenty-seven of the major de- church members, a vast host of nominations, and thirty~three consecrated, able ministers and home mission and church extension teachers, and a magnificent civili- boards are constituent members of zation west of the Mississippi, all the Home Missions Council.

During these first twenty-two North American Home Missions years of cooperative home mis- Congress, and the adjustments of sions, much has been accomplished. churches in small communities by Intensive surveys have been made mergers and exchanges so as to of the home mission fields, a num- eliminate competition and make it ber of states have organized home possible for every community to missions councils, territories have have an adequate ministry of the been allocated to the different de- Gospel. nominations, specific mission enterprises have been undertaken The most outstanding single jointly, important conferences have event in the history of American been held, and many other lines of Home Missions will be the North cooperative missions have been fol- American Home Missions Congress lowed. in Washington, D. C., in December of this year (1930). It will be the In addition to the regular going first time the denominations have program of the Home Missions ever gotten together for such an extended and thorough study of Council, there has been in full op- the common task of Home Miseration for the past three years sions. It will be for Home Missions the Five Year Program of survey what the Jerusalem Conference and adjustment consisting of five was for Foreign Missions. Just points-the organization of coun- what it will mean to the cause will cils in states and regions where be seen later; it should mark an there are none, the every commu- epoch and usher in a new day. nity survey of every state, the INDIAN VERSION OF 23RD PSALM As Translated from Indian Sign Language T HE Great Father above a I'll be afraid not, for it is in there Shepherd Chief is, I am His, between those mountains that the and with Him I want not. Shepherd Chief will meet me, and He throws out to me a rope, and the hunger I have felt in my heart the name of the rope is Love, and all through this life will be satis- He draws me, and He draws me, fied. Sometimes He makes the love and He draws me to where the rope into a whip, but afterwards grass is green and the water not He gives me a staff to lean on. dangerous, and I eat and lie down satisfied. He spreads a table before me with all kinds of food. He puts Sometimes my heart is very His hand upon my head and all the weak and falls down, but He lifts "tired" is gone. My cup He fills it up again and draws me into a till it runs over. good road. His name is wonderful. What I tell you is true. I lie not. These roads that are "away ahead" Sometime, it may be very soon, will stay with me through this life, it may be longer, it may be long, and afterward I will go to live in long time, He will draw me into a the "Big Tepee" and sit down with place between mountains. It is the Shepherd Chief forever.- dark there, but I'll draw back not, Presbyterian Advance.

CONDITIONS AFFECTING

MISSIONS BY THE REV. RALPH E. DIFFENDORFER. D.D.

Secretary 01 the Board of Foreign Missions of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and Ohairman oj the Committee of Reference and Counsel of the Foreign Missio-Its Oonference of NQrth Amef'10d ANY general statement with It is becoming increasingly clear reference to a movement that to far-sighted church leaders that is as world wide and varied the budget system of financing For- as Foreign Missions must, of ne- eign Missions is throwing the cessity, be subject to apparent limi- world mission of Christianity out tations and to possible correction. of perspective in the life and There are some in certain circles thought of the Church. In a world who cannot think of Foreign Mis- that is rapidly becoming a neigh- sions without raising questions re- borhood and will more and more garding its postulates-those fun- come to a common mind, the ex- damental principles which have pression of the Christians of a been the driving power of one of great country like the United the greatest single movements of States cannot much longer be con- modern times. There is no need fined to the small percentages now to consider these questions here, being set aside for Foreign Mis- except to point out that the unique sions in so-called unified budgets.

place of Jesus Christ as Lord and All over the country, questions are Saviour, of the religion which He being raised as to whether or not helped to establish, the Church the meager basis on which Foreign which He called into being, and the Missions are now being financed fellowship and life of which He is will ever bring the world to Christ.

the dynamic center, during recent The comparison of the total gifts months have been the subject of for Foreign Missions with the total more thought and meditation and expenditure of the churches in the prayer than possibly anything else United States shows such a piti- in the religious field. fully small proportion that one This is a good sign, for it is wonders whether the Church is ac- showing that the world mission of tually exercising its most states- Christianity in the future must manlike vision.

have a basis that is entirely defen- While definite figures are not sible intellectually and, at the same available, apparently the Roman time, arouse those definite emo- Catholic Church realizes the strat- tions and attitudes which give any egy of strengthening and extend- crusade its motive power. Con- ing its work throughout the world tacts with rei i g i 0 us leaders in the years following the World throughout the United States dur- War. Its missionary expansion has ing the past year lead me to feel been extraordinary, and one is con- that the spiritual basis of the world tinually impressed with its appar- mission of Christianity is of more ent unity of purpose, its inclusion concern today than ever before. No of the whole world in its activities, survey of Christian activity in and the loyal support given to its America can pass by this factor missionary enterprises. One never without notice. hears, at least on the surface, any 893

quarrel between "home and for- tinent but now the continent of eign" interests. Indeed there is no twentieth century opportunity; the such thing as a foreign mission as upheavals in Latin America; the a little segment of the life of a aggressive propaganda from Rus- "home base." Foreign Missions sia; Japan's concern over "danger- are conceived as propagating the ous thoughts"; the urge for free- faith and establishing the whole dom in the Philippines ;-not to life of the Church in foreign fields. recount the happenings in Europe Some strategy of this sort needs and in the United States. What now to be adopted by Protestant- concerns us is the effect of these ism. conditions upon the world mission Of even greater importance, the of Christianity.

Christian movement is now con- Rapid transportation, increased fronted with a worldwide spread of facilities for communication, the secularism, the core of which is gradual spread of the scientific the propaganda for materialistic point of view through modern edu- Communism. In some respects this cation, and, more especially, the is the greatest missionary move- rapid penetration of western in- ment in the world today, calling dustry and commerce into all the forth more' enthusiasm, devotion world are some of the powerful and self-sacrifice on the part of influences that lie back of what persons, and the spending of more are commonly called "disturb- money than almost any other simi- ances." Russia's efforts to raise up lar movement in modern times. a nation without religion, indeed The strategy here seems to be tak- antagonistic to all religion, must be ing into account the increasing reckoned with. Her doctrines are unity of the world in which we spreading like a praIrIe fire now live with propaganda methods throughout the Orient, Africa and adapted to modern life. Its in- Latin America. In Europe and the fluence is to be found everywhere. United States, they are challeng- Facing these two factors, the ing our complacency.

Protestant mISSIOnary societies Largely because the causes are throughout the world are finding so deep and so fundamental, these themselves increasingly embar- national struggles are sweeping be- rassed and unable to press the ad- fore them old traditions, old habits vantage which the present day of- of doing things, old ways of mak- fers. Difficulties seem to discourage ing a living, the sanctions of an- rather than to incite to greater ac- cient religions, and the hold of tivity and more sacrifice. old-time family control. Vast mul- There is no need to repeat here titudes of hitherto contented and the details of the political, social, inaccessible people are gradually, economic and moral upheavals now sometimes swiftly, taking on new rampant in one way or another, in attitudes toward life. The desire practically all countries of the for the abundant life has seized world: nationhood struggling for multitudes.

existence in China; the Nationalist Quite naturally, these world- movement toward independence in wide unsettled conditions create an India; the revolution in Mexico; extraordinary challenge to the Gos- the new Turkey; the awakening pel of Jesus. National preachers of Africa, no longer the Dark Con- everywhere are writing of evangel-

WORLD CONDITIONS AFFECTING FOREIGN MISSIONS

istic opportunities. Their helpers, ly into a group of modern nations. our missionaries, are calling for Most outstanding of all is Kagareenforcements. wa's "Kingdom of God Movement" Stanley Jones writes about "a in Japan. With his deep, personal, new seriousness" in India. He says Christian experience and his social that for the first time in his ex- passion and vision, the world may perience educated Indians are see realized in this day the larger doubting the hitherto unquestioned evangelism; that is, personal and place of religion in their life. social redemption.

The revolution in Mexico has It is a summons, the like of which the churches in the United gained for the lawabiding evan- States and Europe may not again gelical forces in the Republic a new hear in this generation. This is standing and a new dignity. They the summons to the larger evannever had such an opportunity to gelism, to which Dr. John R. Mott present the evangelical message referred in his address at the Refreely and openly, especially to the gional Retreat Conference near educated groups. Vincente Men- Peiping, China, in April, 1929: doza's recent evangelistic experience in San Luis Potosi can be re- "During my recent journeys, peated in every capital city of which have taken me to all but one Mexico. of the continents of the world, I have everywhere heard in unmis- To launch a five-year evangelistic movement under present conditions takable terms the summons to a in China not only shows the lead- larger evangelism. By larger evanership, the perseverance and deep religious insight of the Chinese gelism I have in mind not only the Christians, but challenges more numerical or quantitative aspect of than ever our fullest support. the subject, but also, and ~ven more, the intensive or qualitative. What certain agricultural mis- Expressed quite simply, this means sionaries are doing in a limited to make Jesus Christ known, loved, way can be repeated anywhere in trusted, obeyed and exemplified in Africa, and must be repeated if individual life and in humanrela- Africa is to develop sanely and ful- tionships."

A MISSIONARY'S PRAYER God of the far-flung Mission lines, grant us who serve Thee in the remote places patience. So much to be done, so few the hands, so short the time. Our souls are on leash-we struggle so.

Forgive us, whose eyes and hearts are full of the vision of the waiting need, if at times we question and doubt–question whether really the Church whose ambassadors we are wants US to advance when the opening ways offer limitless opportunities-doubt sometimes in our weariness of heart.

o Lord, stir Thou the hearts of Thy people at home, young and old-the old that they may give now in this day of Africa's awaiting-the young that they may rise up and say, "Here Lord, am I-send me!"

Our trust is in Thee. As, in Thy name, we have claimed individuals, families, and groups for Christ here in this land, so do we now, 0 God, lay a claim upon individual families, and groups in the homeland, that in this new decade they may dedicate themselves anew to Thee and to Thy Kingdom. With no obstacles before us, 0 may there be none behind!

So we pray, 0 Sovereign God, for Thy blessing upon all of us, and we confidently expect the evidence of Thy guidance and Thy power back in the Church where Thy servants live and work.

Forgive us, Father, if we have been cold, indifferent, dull of heart. In mercy forgive us all our sin. In the Master's name. Amen.-The Drum Call, Elat, West Africa.

OF THE YEAR IN THE

OF WOMEN FOR HOME MISSIONS BY MISS FLORENCE E. QUINLAN E{Cccutiv8 Secretary of the Oouncil oj Women for Home Missions Among Migrants educational problems render most I N 1920, eight women's boards interesting this comparatively new started to function cooperative- sphere of activity. ly in work among the migrant Not a small part of the service family groups in canneries and on is the continuous study of the whole truck farms in the United States. migratory problem and the con- This took the form of a cross be- stant stimulation of local and re- tween a day nursery and a Chris- gional groups to realize the prob- tian social center with clubs for lem and to initiate work in their older boys and girls and mothers. own districts. To the owner at one Beginning in the Chesapeake area, of our stations came the inspira- after a few years work was opened tion for a thorough-going research on the Pacific Coast, and during into the social and educational the past year in Colorado. Fifteen problems of migrant children boards are now financially cooper- through the creation of a research ating. fellowship, and so the young girl During this year, there have who had been executive for two been a score of 'stations: in Cali- summers at the center, a student fornia among Mexicans in lettuce from Winthrop College, South Car- and cantaloupe in the Imperial Val- olina, is doing graduate work at ley, in cotton in San Joaquin Val- Rutgers University, specializing in ley, groups in Kingsburg and Fowl- sociology, the migrant station her er among fourteen nationalities laboratory for developing an edu- including Orientals, working in cational program for migrant chil- asparagus in the Sacramento Val- dren.

ley, and white Americans in apri- In 1919, a survey conservatively cots at Hemet; in Oregon among estimated a thousand trained work- white Americans in hops, and ap- ers as needed properly to reach the ples in the Hood River Valley; in farm and cannery migrants. Since Colorado among Mexicans in sugar then, the number of these has beets; in Maryland and Delaware greatly increased. Is the Church among Poles in tomatoes, beans keeping pace with this increasing and apples, and Negroes in beans, privilege and responsibility?

tomatoes and sweet potatoes; in Among Indians New Jersey among Italians in blue- berry fields and cranberry bogs. A recent report of the Joint Problems of racial and national Committee on Indian Work of the Home Missions Council and the differences, of languages, of nomi- Council of Women for Home Misnal religious affiliation with non- sions summarizes some Indian evangelical churches, lack of ad- items as follows: justment between old-world cus- In a recent article on the American toms and new-world methods, and Indian there is the statement that economic, industrial, social, health, 896

THE COUNCIL OF WOMEN FOR HOME MISSIONS

probably never has there been a race cational training of the boys and girls since time began who have passed in order that they may be economical- through such a series of life-changing ly independent after school, in de- experiences as have confronted North veloping native leadership by giving American Indians in the last three Indians real responsibility, and in pro- hundred years; to-day this race is moting all activities in such a way as being plunged into still another trans- will call forth self-expression from formation. Secretary of the Interior the·se people who have become so timed Wilbur announced a new policy for the and non-aggressive. Professor Ryan, Indian Bureau. "The Indian," he said, himself a devoted Christian, believes "should be developed into a self-re- that the religious and secular work specting American citizen merging must go hand in hand if the Indians gradually with the stock of the nation. are to be rehabilitated.

He should not be regarded indefinitely Organization of an Indian Service as a ward, but should individually be Committee of the Joint Committee to prepared for life among the rest of act as liaison body between ,mission us." Following this statement, and boards and the Government, and the the appointment of Mr. Charles J. mission boards themselves, has been Rhoads and Mr. J. Henry Scattergood effected.

as Indian Commissioners, the public Perhaps the most outstanding prog- has been demanding immediate re- ress in our work in government schools forms in Indian policy and Indian ad- this year has been the working out of ministration. Many have not realized a program of religious education for that the Indian question and Indian Sherman Institute, Riverside, Cali- Bureau are far too involved and com- fornia, largest of schools for the In- plicated to make rapid changes pos- dians. The superintendent signified sible . . . Certain fine achievements his willingness, when a plan for week- should be recognized. day courses in religious education was The Deficiency Bill, providing ad- presented, to give the necessary time ditional money for food and clothing and school credit. The courses began among Indian children and medical in January and have brought forth work among all Indians, has been much favorable C'omment both from passed. Many intricate legal matters the school authorities and the local are being studied in the attempt to committee in Riverside. Nineteen old- simplify them. Emphasis is being er boys and girls taking the teachers'

placed upon vocational training for training course were given practical young Indians, several experts having teaching experience through Sunday- been appointed for this work. school classes of younger children.

Mr. M. A. Welch has been placed in Four scholarships have been secured, the Twin Cities (Minneapolis-St. two of these for Hopis, the first boys Paul) as Guidance and Placement Of- of their tribe to receive higher educa- ficer. Mrs. Ruth Muskrat Bronson, in ti'Oll.

Kansas ,City holds a similar position The Meriam Survey emphasized as for girls. Dr. W. Carson Ryan, Jr., a one of the outstanding needs of In- noted educationalist, has accepted the dians that of associating with white position of Director of Education in people and learning to be at ease with the Indian Service, a matter of deep them. Our Director at Sherman has satisfaction to all. He favors remov- made a great point of bringing groups ing the younger children from board- of white people to the school and of ing schools as quickly as possible and taking the Indian boys and girls to placing them in day schools, using conferences and camps where they the boarding schools for higher and have learned to know friendly white vocational training. He believes in a students. At the request of the school, more highly trained personnel for the Mr. Burnett organized the first Boy entire service, in more thorough vo- Scout troops. He has acted as "Big 2

Chief." These boys have performed the Student Departments of the Y. many helpful pieces of community M. C. A. and Y. W. C. A., the Counwork, and some thirty of them at- cil of Church Boards of Education, tended a Boy Scout camp last summer and the Student Volunteer Movewhere they won special recognition ment. In May, the exchange of for good sportsmanship and efficiency. thought was based upon "A Stu- There was no race prejudice evinced dent's Faith for Today," the leader by either the white or Indian boys. dividing students into four groups: those with an authoritarian back- The program at the Theodore Roose- ground; indifferent satiated stuvelt School, Fort Apache, Arizona, has dents; those in violent reaction to also developed most satj,sfactorily. their background; and skeptical, Many of these children who come from puzzled but reasonably openmindmost primitive conditions have shown ed students. In September, the dismarked signs of development. Some cussion was on the "Basis of Servhave even gone so far as to get up in ice for Students," emphasis being their meetings and ask for a song or laid upon the need to talk to stua game. This is a real achievement for dents as belonging to the human these silent, shy children. Two of the race, not different from others. girls attended a Girl Reserve conference in Arizona this summer. The Of late years it is increasingly girls had never experienced anything realized that Home Missions so wonderful in all their young lives, should be concerned with and reand the white girls felt a great in- lated to not only the religious and spiration in knowing intimately two racial problems and needs of the girls of the red race. nation, but also to the social and industrial. The Students-in-Indus- We see progress here and there in try project provides opportunity developing religious leadership among for a number of students thinking the young people. Haskell Institute, of full-time home mission service, Lawrence, Kansas, had 120 in its especially Christian social service, teachers' training course last year. to have first-hand contact with con- The director is now asking for pro- ditions in industry. Among the orvision for more study for those who ganizations represented in this wish to train themselves for religious project are the Student Departleadership among their people. We have not as yet been able to appoint ments of the Y. M. C. A. and Y. the two directors needed for the stu- W. C. A., the Federal Council of dents of Oklahoma, but are hoping the Churches of Christ in America, very much that this urgent need will American Friends Service Combe met during the coming year. mittee, Council of Church Boards of Education, Fellowship of Recon- Among Students ciliation, and the Council of Women for Home Missions. The Federated Student Committee, which meets three times a The Council of Women for Home year, is the clearing house for Missions is glad to receive names plans and policies of organizations of students-prospective missionthat approach women students, be- ary workers-who would like to ing composed of the committees on acquire personal experience in instudent work of the Federation of dustry as a basis for future service. Woman's Boards of Foreign Missions, the Council of Women for Home Missions, representatives of

YEAR'S WORK OF THE FEDERATION

WOMEN'S BOARDS OF FOREIGN MISSIONS BY FLORENCE G. TYLER Ea:ccutlve Secretary 0/ the F eaerati on 01 Wom r,t.n's ROMds of Forefon Missions 01 North America.

I N REVIEWING the work of pher's College, while Isabella Tho- the Federation of Woman's burn College prepares its students Boards of Foreign Missions of to vie for honors with the men North America for the past year students of Lucknow University, the high lights are perhaps the the women capturing at least a fair work of the Committee on Chris- share of the honors. The Women's tian Literature for Women and College of Tokyo has the largest Children in Mission Fields and enrollment, numbering 400 stu- the World Day of Prayer. Deep dents this year. It has a faculty interest has centered for years com})osed almost entirely of na- around the seven Union Christian tionals, with only five or six Amer- Colleges for Women in the Orient, icans on the staff. Its graduates which have all been able to pur- are serving in almost every field.

sue their courses of study unin- terruptedly in spite of disturbed conditions in China and India.

Ginling College has continued its work in Nanking, the storm cen- ter of the country, under the able leadership of Dr. Yi-fang Wu, the President and successor to Mrs.

Lawrence Thurston who gave DR. YI-FANG WU. PRESIDENT OF wonderful years of service toward GINLING COLI.EGE the building up of the college, and who, more than any other The Federation has played a large person, is responsible for the splen- part in building up and holding the did leadership it has produced. interest of American women in Mrs. Thurston continues at Ginling these colleges, turning into their in an executive capacity, glvmg coffers annually thousands of dol- valuable aid and counsel in the lars, though carrying none of the Department of Education. responsibility for their operation Mrs. Frame has returned to Yen- or actual maintenance.

ching after a year's absence, and In student centers in America, that College continues its work in another committee of the Federa- close cooperation with Yenching tion has been stimulating interest University, in Peiping. in the foreign students who are The India colleges are filled to making their homes temporarily capacity. Vellore is proceeding on in our country, during the period its building program. Madras is in which they are preparing for devoting itself more exclusively to lives of usefulness in their own science and the arts, having given countries. Ten thousand of these over its educational department to students of approximately 80 na- the child of its heart, 8t. Christo- tionalities are forming their im- 899

pressions of so-called "Christian sciousness and the group spirit are America." To have the opportunity built up, while extensive opporof entertaining them in our homes, tunity for the propagation of the and of knowing them as friends Christian religion abounds in the and guests, is one of the greatest all day contact. opportunities ever placed at the doors of the Christian Church, or An interesting study of the at the doors of a people who desire problems of the missionary candithe friendship of the world. The date before going to the field and Foreign Student Committee of the in the first years of work is· being Federation has done a great deal in made by the Committee on Mis- sionary Preparation. The Comthe past year in cementing these mittee will make an effort by the international friendships and giv- case work method, to find why a ing these students, in different cen- goodly number of missionaries do ters all over the country, the oppor- not return after their first furtunity of seeing a Christian home lough; also what preparation is at its best. given to candidates to meet the special problems of the country to The efficacy of the missionary which they go and how much they work of many denominations has know of the cultural backgrounds been increased by making better of the people to whom they are exsocial conditions possible for young pected to minister. The Committee is headed by Mrs. Agnes C. L.. Christians through economic bet- Donohugh of the Hartford School terment. Industrial workrooms have played quite a part in this of Missions. program. To produce marketable Through its Committee on Intergoods at a reasonable price and to find a market for these productions national Relations the Federation has taxed the ingenuity of many stimulates attendance at the anof the missionaries who are deeply nual conference on the Cause and interested in this branch of work. Cure of War, and brings to the at- On the Federation's Industrial tention of mission boards matters Products Committe there are four referring to Peace, Arbitration, women who have had first hand ex- Moving Pictures and Race Relaperience in this line of work in China, and a number of others who tions. have seen these workrooms in oper- The Central Committee on the ation. These women are working through the Federation's Commit- United Study of Foreign Missions, tee toward some degree of stand- while somewhat independent in orardization of this industry. They ganization, its members being aphope to turn the efforts of such in- pointed by the cooperating Boards, dustrial missions toward the type is nevertheless avery vital part of of product most saleable here and the Federation. For thirty years to open new markets for their it has been putting out books for goods in this country. the study of Foreign Missions. This year's books-"A Cloud of Those whose experience is first Witnesses," by Elsie Singmaster, hand tell us that much beside eco- and "The Treasure Hunt," by Mrs. nomic betterment is accomplished Seeback-have had splendid' sales through these workrooms. Neat- and wide use. "A Cloud of Wit- ness is engendered, group con- nesses" will be used as source ma- terial for some time to come. The

FEDERATION OF WOMEN'S BOARDS OF FOREIGN MISSIONS

Central Committee has also pub- magazine reaches approximately lished this year a number of books one million readers, ranging all the for little children, telling of child way from the smallest children in life in many lands in such a way as homes and schools to the soldiers in to have a vital influence on interna- the trenches. It is literally read tional friendship among children. to tatters.

Through the income from these Some years ago, a little boy study books this committee has about twelve years old, who had been able during the past year to just learned to read in one of our render financial aid to the Commit- mission schools in India, came in- tee on Christian Literature for to a mission station begging for women and children in mission "something to read." The mission- lands, and to the Foreign Mission ary searched high and low and Institute at Chautauqua, as well could find nothing to give him but as to the Federation itself. Its the Gospel of Luke and a treatise chief book for 1931-1932, "Christ on smallpox. Today, the India mis- Comes to the Villages," will be sionary can offer The Treasure edited by Mrs. Frederick G. Platt, Chest in English and in six vernac- well known to readers of mission- ulars-Tamil, Maharathi, Guger- ary literature, and will contain ac- athi, Hindi, Urdu, and Telegu- counts of rural work written by while a new edition in Bengali has rural missionary experts in various just been voted by the Committee, fields. together with one in Burmese.

Through its Committee on Chris- Mouhit furnishes reading material tian Literature for Women and for the children of Turkey, and a Children in Mission Fields, the new and enlarged Child Life comes Federation is making possible an to boys and girls in Korea through increasing supply of good litera- aid given by the Christian Litera- ture in China, India, Japan, Bur- ture Committee. Antorcha (The ma, Korea, Turkey, Mexico and Missionary Torch), through the South America, and plans have aid of this Committee, can now been laid whereby its newest ven- reach a wider constituency among ture will be a magazine for the the women of Mexico, and news of African home, of which Miss Jean help and subsidy has just been MacKenzie will be the editor. sent to Guia del H ogar (Guide to This year a campaign for $25,- the Home) -a magazine put out 000 has been launched, which will for one thousand women of seven- enable the Committee to fill up its teen denominations federated for book tables on these countries, and Christian Citizenship and the ob- furnish a more adequate supply of servance of the World Day of reading matter for young and old. Prayer in the Argentine. As a re- While the budget of the Committee sult of the special offering in con- last year did not quite total $10,- nection with the World Day of 000, even this is a big increase Prayer in the United States, the over the early years when the Federation was able to pay over meager sum of $300, gotten to- $4,000 to the work of the Christian gether with great difficulty, was Literature Committee.

used to publish the first numbers of There have been many interest- Happy Childhood for little Chinese ing developments in this field of boys and girls. Today, that little Christian Literature during the

past year, but nothing in all the gifts, and accounts of observance work of the Federation can ap- after the day is over, the making proach the thrill which has come of the program, the planning for to all of those who are closely in authors of the program, the call, touch with the ever increasing ob- the consecration service, the printservance the world around of the ing, and the written accounts, keep Day of Prayer. It is one of the this great day before the Federamost thrilling events in the history tion throughout the year, Federaof the Christian Church. tion travellers who visit foreign lands become messengers carrying At first, the women of America prayed for the women of the world. the news of -the day and its observ- N ow they pray with the women of ance to the four corners of the the world. For approximately earth. forty hours, beginning in the Far East early in the morning, and The observance of this day has ending where the Far West meets brought the Federation in touch the Far East late at night, the with hundreds of local interdecycle of prayer continues. Austra- nominational groups meeting in lian, Chinese, Japanese, Hindu, towns and cities all over the United Persian, Syrian, Turk, African, States for the performance Qf tasks Czech, Canadian, New Englander, which can be done better by church Mountaineer, Porto Rican, Cuban, women working together. The Brazilian, Chilian, Peruvian, Ar- Federation, in cooperation with gentinian, Mexican-all are one the Council of Women for Home that day and all are bound by one Missions and the National Council great chain of prayer around the of Federated Church Women, has feet of God-prayer for a better endeavored to reach these groups world, prayer for better Chris- with the interdenominational detians, prayer for higher service. velopments of Christian missions, and stimulates their interest in the Early in the year, mimeographed copies of the program are sent to causes of peace and Christian citithe mission stations of all the zenship. The year has been one of boards. There they are translated progress, and one which, it is and adapted to the particular needs hoped, will lead on to a fuller realiof each country. Preparation for zation of the opportunities which the Day of Prayer, the flood of lie before all who seek to make a better world.

Suppose we scrapped some .of this terrifying and elaborate machinery, the enormous amount of stuff that is written about financial schemes for churches and the organizations of parishes, and began instead to dig down deep into our own hearts to search ourselves; gave up our ambition and our clerical "side," our wire-pulling and our party propaganda, our ecclesiastical bickering and our place-seeking, our catering to wealth and big names, and to what the bishop was going to think if we did something daring, and all the rest of the unholy sham of it, and for once got down to the business of changing lives one by one? Twelve men rocked the foundations of the world because they gave everything to Christ. Time does not change the law of that kind of energy. What could a group on the same ba·sis do today?-S. M. Shoemaker, Jr.

FROM SAVAGERY IN

What We Saw During a Recent Visit to the Kwato Mission BY DELAVAN L. PIERSON TRAVEL LETTER No. 9 I T IS not often that miracles of seaport. Nothing could surpass the transformed heathen communi- natural beauty of the scene–the ties are seen in the lifetime of azure water from the bosom of one missionary. which rose the emerald isles, cov- At Singapore we received the ered with graceful palms and other overwhelming news of the sudden luxuriant tropical foliage waving death of our beloved friend, the in the breeze.

Rev. Charles W. Abel, of Kwato.* With this message we heard the call of God to visit the bereaved family in Eastern Papua, to see the work of which we had heard so much, and to confer with the missionaries as to future plans.

The readjustment of our itiner- ary took us to Kwato by way of the Philippines, the Celebes, and Aus- tralia. This gave us many glimpses of new fields and forces. Great is the contrast we noted between the ancient and decadent civilizations of hoary Egypt, Mesopotamia, and India, and the primitive savage life of New Guinea. The complex ethnic religions of the Hindus and Buddhists present a very different problem from the simple supersti- tions of the Papuans. The political turmoil caused by the national birth throes of China stand out in sharp contrast to the peaceful stag- nation that characterizes tribal CHARLES W. ABEL life in Papua under British con- As we approached the jetty at trol. Kwato in the Mission launch, Marmari II, we saw hundreds of Our first glimpse of Kwato, the brown-skinned figures waiting to tropical isle at the Eastern ex- greet us. There were little girls tremity of the greatest island in clad in grass skirts, and boys in the world, was through the early loin cloths, older women wore a morning mist as we approached skirt or one-piece dress; men were Samarai, the Government seat and "As th e r eaders of 'l' BE REVIEW know, h e clad in shorts or in a simple cloth :;:~~l1lI~tK"'!n'il d~~d arl~~IIJ~~lieln~~~~ il~Dt~'i>.OD wrapped around the waist and 903

reaching to the knees. A cheer went sadness expressed in a letter writup from hundreds of throats and ten later by one of the Papuan hands waved a welcome as we came girls. This shows a depth of feelalong the side of the jetty. What ing unknown here forty years ago. a contrast to the greeting received by Mr. and Mrs. Abel t when they We gathered together under a visited these islands forty years tree near the shore and we were ago! Then Kwato was largely un- welcomed by one of the Papuan healthy swamp land and the people Christians in a brief address, exof the district were fierce and un- pressing their love for the leader friendly cannibals. Fear of the who had gone Home, and their whitefaced, black-footed strangers gratitude to the Heavenly Father incited them to· hostility and a who had answered their prayers in bringing in safety their friends A .WELCOMING PARTY OFPAPUANS-YEARS AGO readiness to kill and feast if op- from America. Thronging around portunity offered. It was in New us were Papuans-signs of their Guinea that James Chalmers and old savage life still seen in the his companions suffered martyr- elaborate tatooing on some of the dom eleven years after the Abels women and in the great distended arrived. Today the Papuans gave ear lobes of men. Their faces were Us a royal welcome such as might attractive, and strong. They are have been that accorded to the Gov- clean, intelligent and friendly. ernor-General or the Prince of Wales. But beneath the joyful ex- The Old Savage Life terior, with cheers, waving banners, and floral decorations, was a What is the pit from which these Christians and Papuans have been tMr. Abel arrived -in New Guinea in 1890, lifted? The worst conditions, in- Ilnd Mrs. Abel two years later. D. L. P. cluding savage warfare, cannibal-

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ism and heathen orgies, have dis- fare has been abolished in coastal appeared from the coast towns, districts they find little else to do. through the establishment of Brit- The children run wild, like other ish law and the influences of Chris- animals, for parental discipline is tian missionaries, but the remains almost unknown. It is a part of the of primitive heathenism are still philosophy of heathen Papuans evident in villages of the district. that little or no restraint should be The one-roomed houses are built on put on natural desires, unless these piles about four feet from the happen to contravene tribal cusground; underneath are kept the toms. As a result appetites and chief evidences of the owner's sexual instincts are restrained only wealth-if any–'in the form of by lack of opportunity to indulge OUR WELCOMING PARTY OF PAPUAN CHRIS1.'IANS black pigs. Most houses are shaped them. After marriage agreements like a capital A with a high, have been made, the tribal law of peaked, thatched roof and an en- personal revenge punishes unfaithtrance, three or four feet high, ex- fulness, as it does theft. There is tending the width of the house, The no education in a heathen home benarrow verandah in front is yond that relating to tribal cusreached by a rude ladder or by toms, barter, the means of obtainnotches cut in the trunk of a near- ing food, making canoes and buildby tree-stump. Dogs and chickens ing a house. The signs of poverty have their private entrance hole and general squalor in a Papuan reached by an inclined log. village are oppressive. Money is almost unknown, dog's teeth, shells As to occupation, the women at- and produce being the medium of tend to the gardening and the exchange. preparation of food; men make canoes, hunt and fish. Since war- Their clothing is almost nil. A

grass skirt for the women and a trust and fear of the foreigner; meager loin cloth for the men be- heathen customs and superstition; ing deemed sufficient for all, ex- the vices of the natural man; the cepting festive occasions. The hair witch doctor and the tribal chiefs is "teased out" into great bushy who wished to rule supreme, were balls, sometimes eighteen inches or all united to shut out the light. But two feet in diameter, and in this God was with His messengers and the "dandies" stick feathers and gave them courage, power and proflowers. Other ornaments consist tection. At Maivara, a village near of tatoo marks, anklets and brace- the head of Milne Bay, we visited lets of grass, shell or brass. Feath- the place where, in the early days, ers in the hair denote conquest or God intervened to save the life of exploits,-some of them of an un- Charles Abel. He had left his wife savory character. The religious and first born child in the mission faith and life of the Papuans is boat while he went to try to espractically undeveloped. They have tablish a friendly contact with the no conception of God, but believe villagers. He had gone only a short in witchcraft and evil spirits. They distance on shore when a messenseem to have no form of worship, ger from his wife came in haste, but fear the powers of sorcery, asking him to return, as their baby are under the influence of witch was ill. He turned back, and did doctors and believe in some form not gain an entrance to this village of existence after death. until some years later; then he learned that just beyond the point Warfare formerly provided the where the messenger had reached chief occupation for the men, with him a group of hostile natives lay the making of war canoes and in wait to take his life, as others weapons, in addition to the actual had murdered his fellow missionfighting. Cannibalism seems to ary, James Chalmers. Later when have been fostered by a desire for the people learned to know Mr. flesh to eat, of which there is little, Abel they were ashamed of their and by a spirit of revenge on ene- attempt, and today a church, which mies, a glory in manly exploits, they have built, marks the spot and by a belief in the courage that where his enemies lay in wait to enters the heart of the victor who take his life. devours his enemies. In some tribes a boy could not be initiated Near the village of Lamhaga we into a man's estate until he had saw the grave of an old chief who killed and eaten a foe. The degrad- was for a long time a persistent oping dances and sexual license that ponent of the Gospel. He refused accompanied their feasts were to receive the friendly advances of prompted by a desire to stimulate Mr. Abel and warned his people jaded appetites and were used to against the foreign teaching. Later promote communal life. hard times fell upon the village. There was a serious famine and The Change the chief and his people were in want. As Christmas time drew Among such a people it was not near Mr. Abel said to his wife: "I easy to gain an entrance to preach believe the old chief is in need of the purifying Gospel of Christ. food; we will send him a Christ- Every force but one was in league against the early missionaries. Dis- mas gift of rice."

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This act of kindness astonished by the works of the flesh-"unthe chief and led him to ask: "Why cleaness, lasciviousness, idolatry, did you, whom I have long opposed witchcraft, hatred, variance, emuas an enemy, show me this kind- lations, wrath, strife, seditions, ness?" This question offered a cov- heresy, envyings, murders, drunketed opportunity to witness to the enness, revellings, and such like." love of Christ, who, while we were The Christians, on the other hand, yet sinners, died for us and who show clearly the "fruit of the Spirloved us when we were enemies. it." The old chief's antagonism was ended; he became a "seeker" and WIT H SOME P APUAN CHILDREN later was baptized as a Christian. He advised his people to do the How manifest Christian love is same and at his death said, "I have in their dealings with one another followed the good way, the Jesus and with their white teachers! way. I am going the long road to Their love for Mr. and Mrs. Abel the place He has prepared, and has been shown in countless ways. there is light beyond. It is my wish Bank accounts are kept by the misthat you too shall follow this way sion for Christians who wish to and meet me at the end of the save something from meager earnroad." ings (two to five dollars a month). Once, when Mrs. Abel was not well, On our last Sunday at Kwato we some of the Christians came to ask attended a Communion service at if she could go to. consult a "wise which forty-six Papuans publicly confessed Christ for the first time and united with His Church. Twenty-four of them were the first fruits from the village of this chief. In all nearly a thousand from the villages of Milne Bay, comprising this mission district, have left the old way for the new. In sixteen centers selfsupporting churches have been established and evangelistic work is conducted by the Papuan Christians in thirty different villages of the district.

Are They Converted 1 But are these former cannibals, ignorant savages and their children, truly converted to Christ? Do they become intelligent Christians? "By their fruits ye shall know them." No one can visit Kwato and the outstations without being impressed by the contrast in the lives of the Christians and the lives of their unconverted neighbors. The latter are characterized

man" in Australia. "Yes," said and to keep their "home of the Mr. Abel, "it would be well, but soul" in good condition as a fit such a journey takes many days "temple for the Spirit of God." and costs too much money!" The Many villagers suffer from yaws, leaders went away and consulted a distressing disease, and from with other Christians. Soon they hookworm. Tuberculosis takes a returned, bringing all their bank- heavy toll and they suffer from books, representing their entire other ailments introduced by white savings, "Here," they said, "take men, or due to a limited and insuf- ficient diet, and to unsanitary conthis, and let mother Abel go; do ditions. Consequently, medical not speak any more about the work, education in sanitary laws, training in the care of children and money!" personal hygiene are very impor- There is a spirit of joy among tant. An excellent hospital has been built in Kwato and as soon as the Christians-a natural overflow- a spiritually and medically qualiing of the spirit of happiness and fied doctor and nurse are found, the g~odwill-that is far removed from opportunity for service at Kwato, the unregenerate Papuan. During and extension health work in the our two weeks at Kwato and in the villages and outstations, will be outstations we never heard chil- almost unlimited. Already the dren quarrel' or saw a sign of petu- Christians who have gone back inlance. VVe never heard a harsh or to the villages to live, have set a unpleasant word; all seemed to new standard in house building and dwell together in unity. Their sanitation. The infant mortality games were clean and exuberant, among the Papuans is very high, full of wholesome laughter and about fifty per cent, but mothers good sport. who have learned at Kwato how to care for their babies have been the The Kwato boys and young men objects of much curiosity as they play an excellent game of cricket show heathen mothers the way to and often win from white teams. bathe their children and to care for But they are more than sports- their health. men, they are Christians. Not long ago the Kwato team was invited The intelligence of Papuan to go to Port Moresby and play against the white team there, many Christians is remarkable as comof them Government employees. pared with their heathen neigh- The Governor, Sir Hubert Mur- bors. The children learn readily ray, sent his private yacht to take the mission boys to Port Moresby. and have retentive memories. Pri- They not only played a clean and skilful game of cricket that won mary schools are held in fourteen the admiration of opponents and onlookers, but they followed the stations, all except the higher Saturday game by giving their personal testimonies to Christ at evan- training classes being taught by gelistic services. They told simply what Jesus Christ had done for Papuan teachers. The lower grades them and their fellow Papuans. are taught in the vernacular, but The Papuan Christians are, as a rule, physically clean and strong. since every small district has its They are taught to bathe regularly own dialect, the mission has adopt- ed English, (not pigeon English) as the general means of communi- cation. Technical and teacher

UP FROM SAVAGERY IN PAPUA

training classes are taught entire- for house and boat building and do ly in English. very creditable work. Since a large proportion of South Sea Island It was interesting and inspiring trade is in copra, (dried coconut to hear these children, many from meat), men and women in thirteen heathen homes, reciting perfectly stations are taught how to care for such passages of Scripture as the coconut trees and how to prepare twenty-third Psalm, and fourteenth the meat for copra. A coconut chapter of John. The truth not plantation at Koeabule comprises only finds lodgment in their heads, some eighty acres and is one of the but takes root in their hearts and best in the district. These indusbears fruit in their lives. A letter tries also develop character and infrom one of the older girls, now a dependence, promote self-respect, primary teacher in the village, and enable them to support their shows real spiritual insight and de- own village churches and schools. sires. She sAys, The spiritual development of the Dear Nanna, I want you to pray for Papuans is clearly seen in their me so that I may stand fast in Christ. knowledge of God, their sense of Last year I left the Lord Jesus and, sin, their faith in Christ as their 0, how wonderfully He has led me Saviour, and in thei·r desire to show back to Himself again. So now I am their love and gratitude by witin His fold, and my heart is so full nessing to others, and by bringing of thankfulness to Him, also now I to them also the blessings of the see the wonderful and deep love of Gospel. Christ and so day by day I ask Him to keep me very close to Himself. I The Papuan Christians are not love to know Him more, as Paul the paid for evangelistic work. Every Apostle says, "I know nothing, save Christian is taught that it is his or Christ, and Him crucified." Dear, I her privilege to witness to others pray over and over again that these and to seek to lead them to Christ. words may take root in my heart. Every Sunday lists are posted, giv- ing the names of those who are to Since the pursuits of war and go out to the villages on evangelisthe trades connected with heathen tic assignments. The others pray customs have fallen into -disuse, for these evangelists and great is and since it is desirable to raise the their joy when they return with restandard of living among Papuan ports of souls won to Christ. Christians, the Mission teaches them to be industrious and to work Congregations of Christians for economic betterment. Prac- have been formed at seventeen statically all Papuans cultivate their tions. They have been organized own gardens and fish for food with into churches with elders to care nets or spears· or traps. This fur- for them. These elders are nominishes only a very precarious live- nated by the Christians and are lihood. They have natural mechan- confirmed and consecrated to ofical ability and some artistic talent. fice by the Mission. Their duties The Mission teaches carpentry, are to see that prayer meetings boat building, blacksmithing and and church worship are conducted printing, to young men. They teach regularly, to keep the church rolls, basketry, needlework, weaving, and a record of church attendance, nursing and simple domestic arts to look after the spiritual welfare to women. Mission trained men of the flock, to receive and transare much in demand by Europeans

mit gifts for benevolence and to gifts for us-taru, yams, coco- keep the church buildings in re- nuts, bananas, chickens and grass pair, to do evangelistic work and skirts-to show their good will.

to send out Christians week by These gifts are out of their pov- week on evangelistic assignments erty, not out of their abundance.

to heathen villages in the neighbor- They are very appreciative of any hood. kindness shown. Recently the el- Elders may be deposed from of- ders of the churches of the district fice for lack of faithfulness: for a met and voted that their congrelapse in Christian conduct, or for gations would be ready to contrifailure to rule their households and bute one thousand pounds, ($5,000) keep them in the Christian path. a year for new equipment needed Church members may be suspended at Kwato, Duabo and other staand denied fellowship at the Lord's tions. They have already given one Supper for lapses in Christian thousand pounds a year for two faith or conduct, but they are not years to pay for the plantations dropped and just forgotten, they that are so greatly needed in the are daily prayed for and followed mission work. Now they have ex- pressed a desire to erect a House up until they are brought back of Prayer in Kwato in memory of into the fold. Three of these back- their beloved Taubada (their sliders came back into the church "Great Chief," Father Abel). on our last Sunday in Kwato. One When we note the meager income couple had been prayed for by the on which wage earners subsist (not Christians for two years. more than ten pounds a year for themselves and their families) and The deep interest that these the frugal way in which they live, Christians feel in the spiritual wel- we are put to shame. If American fare of others is shown by a letter, and British Christians would give written while we were at Kwato, in the same proportion, the coffers by one of the Papuan school teach- of the Lord's Treasury would be ers, Labini. She writes to a friend: overfl~wing-and the windows of Heaven wouId be open to :pour I know you remain in love and prayer to God always for us all here. down an abundance of Spiritual I think you would like to know too blessings. about the Christian work of those who go (Jut to witness for Christ. This year three women gave themselves to The Secret Christ; so I want you to pray for During our visit to Papua we them too, that they may be kept true met a number of missionaries, busi- for Christ and grow day by day to ness men, and Government officials, love Him more and more. A few I who had visited Kwato. All exknew some years ago gave themselves pressed admiration over the work to Christ, but n(Jw they live as heathen and workers and wonder at the people live, who never knew Christ as spirit manifested there. The transtheir Saviour. One woman went back formations wrought in this misbecause she believes in tabosima sion are an outstanding example (witchcraft) . of what a Christian mission may The generosity of Papuans is accomplish. The secret seems to be little short of phenomenal. At va- threefold.

rious villages that we visited, the 1. The one aim is to lead the people came to the boat loaded with Papuans to an intelligent faith in

UP FROM SAVAGERY IN PAPUA

Christ as the Son of God and their ans have learned to sing even beau- personal Saviour. The missionaries tiful oratorios, true and sweetly train the converts for consistent melodious, in four parts. Each Christian Life and for unselfish, ef- noon the Christian Papuan leaders fective service for their fellows. meet for a half hour of prayer on There is no desire to introduce their knees. Is it any wonder that European customs, habits of dress their lives are beautiful, their in- or standards of life, but there is terests worldwide, and their work an earnest effort to develop Christ- effective?

like characters and usefulness, and 3. The Papuan Christians are to form healthful, industrious, self- taught that their dependence is on supporting Christian communities. God, but that each has a responsi- Consequently, schools are estab- bility to do his part in answering lished, not for education beyond his own prayers. This develops a their needs, but to teach them to virile and a practical, not a senti- read and understand the Word mental, Christianity. It promotes of God, and to help them earn a spirit of service and of self-deny- a decent livelihood. Medical work ing giving.

is carried on to promote person- The expectation of the Kwato al, family, and village cleanli- Mission is to extend work into un- ness and health. Industrial work occupied, districts of Papua, of is conducted, not to produce wealth, which there are many. As soon as but to enable the Christians to God opens the way and means are work for their own support, and to provided, it is hoped to establish enable them to give to others in other stations, conducted on the need. Last year the benevolence same principles, with a missionary gifts of these Papuan Christians and Kwato trained Papuans to dewere sent to India, Japan, China, velop the work. Much of the great Moslem lands, and for work among Fly River district is still untouched Jews in New York! and the interior of the island, with 2. Dependence for effectiveness hundreds of thousands of un- is not on fine equipment, large reached heathen, is not even fully financial resources, or on a large explored.

staff of paid workers, but on the While the Holy Spirit of God work of the Spirit of God in the works through the missionaries hearts and lives of men. The mis- and Papuan Christians there is no sionaries spend much time in fear as to the future of this work.

prayer and look to God for the sup- The honored and beloved human ply of every need. Prayer ex- leader has been called Home. The presses the life of the mission. The loss is inestimable, for his wisdom, Papuan Christian gathers twice or his experience, his power, his more daily for prayer and praise. spirit, were felt in every depart- It was an inspiration to hear those ment of the work. But God re- at Kwato each morning and eve- mains and is already showing His ning as they sang in beautiful har- Power in the lives and works of mony some of the great Christian those who carryon. This is a work hymns and then knelt in prayer. in which there is a true partner- Heathen Papuan music is monoto- ship with God and rich blessing nous tom-toming, that is discord to comes to those who enter into this our ears, but the Christian Papu- partnership.

OF AMERICAN

MISSIONS IN CHINA BY THE REV. KENNETH SCOTT LATOURETTE, D.D.

Profes8or of Missions and Oriental Ilistory in Yale University I N FEBRUARY, 1830, there ar- foreign sailors who then thronged rived in Canton the first Amer- the waters in and near Canton. ican Protestant missionary to After the year he was to explore the Chinese, Elijah Coleman Bridg- the shores of Southeastern Asia man. In these days when so many and the adjoining islands for posare tempted to become faintheart- sible openings for future missioned because of the difficulties which aries. Abeel, in spite of the handibeset missions in China, it is well cap of prolonged ill-health which to recall the work of the pioneers, resulted in his death in his early the distance which has been trav- forties, had a share in stimUlating eled in the century, the great interest in missions in Europe, achievements of these years, and, Great Britain, and America, and when contrasted with the condi- was later the pioneer of the famous tions which confronted the mis- and successful mission of the sionary of 1830, the incompara- Dutch Reformed Church in Fukien. tively greater opportunities of Bridgman had a full thirty years to-day. in China. He began The Chinese Bridgman was the product of a Repository, one of the most broad- gauged and useful missionary perideeply religious New England odicals ever published, seeking, as home, of the Evangelical move- it did, to interpret China to the ment, of a New England college, Occident by means of scholarly and of Amdover Theological Semi- articles on the Empire and news nary-a combination which was re- sponsible for many of the mission- of happenings within it, as well aries of the last century. He was as to give information of a more sent out by the oldest of all Ameri- strictly missionary character. He can foreign missionary societies, assisted in the negotiation of the the American Board of Commis- first treaty between the United sioners for Foreign Missions. He States and China, and he had a was given free passage on one of large share in the translation of the ships of the firm of D. W. C. the Bible into Chinese. Olyphant, that Christian merchant Not long after Bridgman came who had fully as much at heart the spiritual welfare of the Chinese as other famous missionaries-in his own commercial profit and who 1832 Samuel Wells Williams, noted had a large part in inaugurating for his Chinese-English dictionary, several of the earliest proj ects of his "Middle Kingdom" (for many American missions in China. years the standard work in English on China), and his services to the With Bridgman went David American Legation in China, and Abeel. On this initial venture, in 1834 Peter Parker, the first Abeel was to give his time for one medical missionary to China, who year, as chaplain of the American achieved distinction both as a phy- Seaman's Friend Society, to the sician and as a diplomat.

912

CENTENARY OF AMERICAN PROTESTANT MISSIONS

It was not many years before (1839-1842) had opened more opother American organizations portunities for the missionary. joined the American Board in the effort to bring the Gospel to the The conditions which faced Chinese. The General Missionary Bridgman and those who followed Convention of the American Bap- him in the first decade of his life tists-for this was before the in China were far from favorable. Northern and the Southern The first Protestant missionary to churches had formed separate de- China, Robert Morrison-sent by nominational agencies-soon fol- the London Missionary Societylowed. In 1833, John Taylor Jones, had arrived in the country in 1807, an agent of the Baptist Conven- less than a quarter of a century tion, went to Bangkok, Siam, before, and only a handful of men and women had joined him. Even where then, as now, there were the few who had come could not all find a foothold in China itself. many Chinese. Before the end of Most of them had to content themthe year he had baptized four selves as best they might with reaching Chinese who had settled Chinese. In 1835, William Dean, outside the Empire in such centers of the same Society, arrived in as Bangkok, Singapore, Malacca, Batavia, and Borneo. In China Bangkok, and in December of that proper only two ports were open to year organized a small Chinese foreign residence, Canton and church, apparently the first for Macao. In Canton foreigners were Chinese ever formed under the au- restricted to a narrow strip along spices of American Protestants. In the river front and outside the 1836, J. Lewis Shuck and his wife, also sent by the American Baptists, city walls-the historic "Thirteen arrived at Macao to attempt to Factories"-and were supposed to work in China proper. The first live there only a few months of representatives in China of Amer- each year. Macao was a Portuican Episcopalians, Henry Lockwood and Francis R. Hanson, guese settlement which was still reached Canton in 1835, and in under Chinese suzerainty. Here 1837 William J. Boone, later bishop foreigners enjoyed somewhat more latitude. It was probably here that, and the real founder of the China in 1814,' Morrison first adminismission of the American Episco- tered baptism to a Chinese, and it palians, arrived in the Far East. was here that he was buried. How- In 1838, there landed in Singapore ever, the Portuguese, being Roman the earliest missionaries to the Catholics, were not disposed to Chinese of the board which the grant much freedom to Protestant American Presbyterians had re- missionary activity. cently formed. It must also be remembered that as early as 1822 or Throughout China imperial 1823 the American Bible Society edicts inhibited the propagation of had been subsidizing the distribu- the Christian faith. It was even tion of the Scriptures among the forbidden to Chinese to teach the Chinese, although its first full time language to the foreigner, and American agent in China was not while Morrison, Bridgman, and appointed until many years later. others were able to obtain instruc- These were the only American so- tors, at any time the officials might cieties represented in China until seek to enforce the prohibition. A after the first Anglo-Chinese war 3

few Chinese could be talked to in- and in port& outside of China, was dividually, and literature could be nonexistent. Foreign medicine prepared and distributed, but even won some approval and helped to in Canton and Macao both of these break down prejudice, for it ap- activities were attended with some pealed to the practical-minded peril and from time to time had Chinese. However, Western med- to be suspended. ical practice of a hundred years Had the government been neutral ago was still very crude and but instead of hostile, the difficulties little advanced over that of China.

would have been far from being re- Antiseptic surgery was as yet un- moved. The scholar-official class, in dreamed of and the use of an- whose hands was the formation of ::esthetics was a decade in the fupublic opinion, was contemptuous ture. The physician from the Occi- of and bitterly opposed to the mis- dent had little to offer the Chinese.

sionary and his message. All for- In these circumstances the mis- eigners and their culture were sionary enterprise was a sheer ven- looked down on as barbarous: it ture of faith in the face of over- was unthinkable that the sons of whelming odds. Only a conviction Han could learn anything from of the need of the Chinese for the them. Christian literature, includ- Gospel and trust in the promises ing the Scriptures, was assailed as of God could hold the missionary being ludicrously crude in style. to his task.

The Gospel was declared to be de- What a change these hundred structive of much that was basic years have witnessed! Today, in Chinese civilization. This, in- American missionaries in China deed, it was, although not always a,re numbered by the thousands in the sense in which its opponents and have penetrated every province believed it to be. Missionaries held of the Republic. Christians in that Christians should not engage churches which owe their origin to in the customary honors to an- American missionaries are count- cestors, and to refrain from these ed by the tens of thousands., It was regarded by the Chinese as is a rare province which does not unfilial and so as breaking one of have American mission schools the cardinal principles of morality within its borders. Some. of the and threatening the existence of American Christian colleges and the family. Christians certainly universities are among the best could not contribute to community in the land and are crowded with festivals in honor of non-Christian eager students. Western medicine divinities, and their refusal to do has made enormous strides and in so was inevitably branded as im- the hands of missionary physicians pious and against all public spirit. -Americans, British, and Euro- The missionary seemingly had peans-has brought healing to mil- little if anything to offer which the lions and has laid the foundations Chinese wanted. Here and there a of a new Chinese medical profes- Chinese was willing to learn Eng- sion. The translations of the Bible lish of the missionary, for this have been vastly improved and might be a door to employment additional ones have been made with a foreign business firm. Be- in most of the chief dialects. The fore 1839, however, foreign com- annual circulation of portions of merce, except in Canton and Macao the Scriptures now runs into the

millions, much of it through the still is, the largest foreign mission agents of the American Bible So- field of Protestant America. When ciety. The Chinese churches are one recalls the cost-in health, in achieving independence in leader- sacrificial devotion, in intelligent ship and, but for untoward political labor, in prayer, and in love which conditions, would have made al- has asked no return but the wel- most as great strides toward finan- fare of the souls for whom it is cial self-support. There are hun- spent-one is not surprised at the dreds of Chinese Christians-pas- results which have followed. Mis- tors, laymen, and laywomen-who sionaries are far from perfect: would adorn the Church of any they themselves would be the first country or age. Men who have to admit their shortcomings. In been profoundly influenced by the main, however, those who have American Protestant missionaries gone to China from the United are active in many phases of States have been a cross-section of China's life. They include such the best of American Christianity.

ministers of the central govern- By far the greater proportion of ment as H. H. Kung and C. T. them have gone from thoroughly Wang, such educators as Chang unselfish motives and have labored Po-ling, the distinguished principal that to the Chinese might come ful- of Nan Kai in Tientsin, James Yen, ness of life.

the creator and leader of the Mass The majority of American mis- Education Movement, F. C. Yen, sionaries went to China after 1900.

the head of the government med- In the first quarter of the present ical school in Shanghai, and such century, from the ·collapse of the business men as those who created Boxer outbreak to the rising tide the greatest publishing house in of nationalism in 1924 and 1925, China, the Commercial Press. Best with its accompanying anti-Chris- of all are the many thousands who tian movement, conditions were have found the secret of the Chris- more favorable for Christian mis- tian faith and through it have been sions than they had ever been, or born into a new life. than they have been since. . The These results, here so briefly and barriers which confronted the first inadequately hinted at, have come, American missionaries had all but under God, through a great out- crumbled. Foreigners might travel pouring of life from this country freely anywhere through the coun- and from other Western lands. try. After the punishment which There is no complete list of those had been meted out to China by Americans who in the past hundred the Powers from 1839 on, and espe- years have spent longer or briefer cially in 1900, for mishandling- for- periods in China as missionaries. eigners, the Westerner could be The number must run into the tens reasonably certain of security.

of thousands. In no other of the Extensive foreign. settlements great regions to which Protestant were to be found not only in the missionaries go-neither in Africa, main cities on the coast but in some the Near East, India, Japan, nor of the chief centers of the interior.

Latin America-have there been The imperial edicts against Chris- as many from the United States. tianity had long since been abro- From the viewpoint of the invest- gated, and ·since 1858 toleration ment of life China has been, and for the missionary and Chinese

Christians had been written into lated rather than curtailed giving. treaties between China and the In these circumstances it is not Powers. The missionary had the strange that the numbers of misprivilege, not usually granted to sionaries, and especially of Amerforeigners of other occupations, of ican missionaries, grew rapidly. acquiring territory outside the We rightly believed that an opportreaty ports. He was allowed free- tunity was ours which might not ly to study the language, and be- be long continued. fore 1925 he had created schools in which every possible facility ex- Since 1924 and 1925, conditions isted for the acquisition of the dif- have altered and here and there ficult tongue and the still more the timorous and critical have difficult written character. talked about "the missionary de- bacle" and "the missionary re- The prejudice against the mis- treat." The special privileges ensionary had by no means disap- joyed by foreigners in China have peared, but it was much less than been attacked by the growing nait had ever been. The old customs tionalism. An anti-Christian moveand institutions which conserva- ment, inspired partly by nationaltism had once wished to preserve ism, has been leveled against the were now 'crumbling and the more Gospel, the Church, and the misthoughtful were asking for help in sionaries, and particularly against building new ones to replace them. Christian schools. Scepticism, re- China was avidly learning from the enforced by the secularism of the Occident, and the missionary, as West, has bred indifference and a Westerner who was available even hostility to religion. Many and eager to teach, was much have believed the Gospel to be a sought after. His schools were futile hope for national regeneracrowded, for they were a source tion, or at best to be too slow in its from which the once despised but working for impetuous youth. They now popular Western learning have turned instead to such panacould be obtained. His hospitals ceas as science and communism. and dispensaries were thronged, Banditry has made life and propfor with the tremendous strides erty unsafe in vast regions. In the which had been made in the second United States, giving to missions half of the nineteenth century has declined. There has been a there could now be no question that sharp falling off in the offering of at least in surgery Occidental prac- life for missions, and there is widetice was superior to that of China. spread uncertainty as to the valid- ity of the Gospel and the value of Many Chinese realized that some the missionary enterprise. There fresh spiritual and moral dynamic has been a marked diminution in was needed if the nation were to the missionary forces in China, and pass successfully through its great problems of readjustment which period of transition, and looked cannot be avoided perplex the wisinquiringly toward the Gospel as est and most courageous spirits a possible means of national as well as individual salvation. In the sup- both among Chinese Christians and porting constituencies in the Unit- missi onaries. ed States missions were more nearly popular than t1ey had ever Yet we need to remember that been and the World War had stimu- this reaction is recent. All of it is a matter of the last ten years, and

ONE HUNDRED YEARS OF MORMONISM

most of it the last five. It cannot, now, moreover, Christian com, of course, be ignored. The reasons munities scattered through thtl for it must be determined, and re- length and breadth of the land, adjustments made necessary by it, ably seconded by scores of Chrisboth in methods in China and in tian schools, hospitals, orphanages, organization and appeal in the printing presses, and Young Men's United States, must be devised and and Young Women's Christian Aseffected. The entire program of sociations. We must never forget Foreign Missions, both abroad and that the need of the Chinese for in the supporting constituencies, the Gospel is as great as ever, and will quite possibly need a more that the obligation upon Christians thoroughgoing reshaping than most to make the Gospel message known of us now are willing to admit. is as binding as it was on the fathers. We have the assurance, We do well to remember, how- moreover, of the guidance of God ever, that, difficult as conditions and the presence of His Spirit if for missions now are in China and we will but pay the price. With more difficult though they may be- these we can not only recall with come-as they probably will-they great gratitude the hundred years are not nearly as discouraging as that are just behind us, but can those which faced Bridgman, look forward with renewed hope Abeel, Williams and Parker. China and consecration to the century is much more open to the Gospel which lies ahead. than it was in 1830. There are ONE HUNDRED YEARS OF MORMONISM * BY THE REV. EDWARD LAIRD MILLS, D.D.

Editor The Oh'~8t1{>n Advooate, Pacific Edition, Portland, Oregon I NA recent review of twenty- eph Smith, the visionary mystic one American cults, Mormon- who founded Mormonism, and ism is recognized. That is un- Brigham Young, whose 'organizusual. A book on modern cults ing genius gave it lasting signifiwhich appeared a few years ago cance, both saw the light of day in had nothing to say about this move- Vermont, only a few miles distant. ment, which is the largest and The leadership of these three unwealthiest of them all. Of course usual personalities made Christian this ignorance is due largely to the Science and Mormonism the two fact that Mormonism has developed leading religious cults produced in principally in the far West. The the New World. Although the lat- East is more familiar with London ter is three times the size of the and Paris than with Salt Lake former, it is not nearly so well City. Mary Baker Eddy, the known. founder of Christian Science, was born in New Hampshire, and J os- Mormon History *For further information, inquirers are re- There are three well defined peferred to the "Story of the Mormons," by W, riods. A, Linn (Macmillan); "The Trnth About lformonism," by James H. Snowden (R. R. 1. Joseph Smith claims to have Smith, Inc.), and "The M,ormon Way," by found the golden plates which, CIaton S, Rice. (Methodist Book Concern, when translated, produced the Portland, Oregon,)

Book of Mormon, near Palmyra, they regarded themselves as the New York, in 1823. April 6, 1830, chosen of the Almighty. The same the church was formally organized sort of reaction which placed the with three congregations and 70 original J'oseph in a pit probably members. At the celebration of the had much to do with putting the centennial last spring, the Joseph- second Joseph in jail. ite or reorganized branch held a communion service in their new At any rate, Brigham Young, million-dollar temple at Independ- who came to succession immediateence, Missouri, at which 7,000 ly after this tragic event, concluded members received communion at that it was useless to try longer to the hands of 200 ministers. This live with the frontiersmen of the group is seldom thought of because Mississippi Valley. He therefore the Utah or Brighamite branch is organized, in 1846, a trek to the so much larger. At Salt Lake City, unknown West, 1,000 miles away. a stately pageant, "The Message of With 143 men, three women and the Ages," was put on in the taber- two children, he started from near nacle for thirty consecutive nights, the present site of Council Bluffs, and, but for the physical weariness Iowa, April 14, and arrived on the of the participants, it would have heights overlooking Salt Lake July attracted capacity crowds for a 24. much longer period. The production cost $60,000, more than 30,000 2. The halcyon period of Morfeet of lumber was used in the mon church life was from 1847 to temporary stage, and of the 1,000 1870. It then had a chance to de- velop in isolation and to fix the participants more than 300 were lines which have been followed singers. since. Brigham Young was the ever-dominant figure, and he brow- The first stages of the movement beat or cajoled the governors, marwere tempestuous, and its promot- shals and judges who were successers were compelled to move from ively sent from Washington to New York to Ohio, thence to Mis- represent the nation. In this pesouri, and finally to Illinois, where riod occurred the massacre at the city of Nauvoo was built. Jos- Mountain Meadows, when a large eph Smith and his brother Hyrum number of immigrants passing soon got into trouble with the non- through Utah en route from Ar- Mormon population of the vicinity, kansas to California were killed, ostensibly by Indians. Many years with the result that they were fi- later John D. Lee, who is generally nally placed in the jail at Carthage, where they were later killed by an thought to have been made a scapeattacking mob. Historians have goat, was executed for his com- plicity in this affair. come to the conclusion that this incident marks the real beginning The work the Mormons did in deof the Mormon Church, because it veloping the country is worthy of gave Smith's disciples a sense of high praise. There is no more the solidarity that comes from per- beautiful city anywhere than Salt secution. Why the Mormons were Lake City, located between the often in trouble with their neigh- Oquirrh and Wasatch ranges of bors is not altogether certain. Un- mountains and overlooking the questionably polygamy had some- Great Salt Lake. It is the center of thing to do with it. More likely an irrigated farming section about

ONE HUNDRED YEARS OF MORMONISM

100 miles long and fifteen miles in lieved in. Visitors to the Bureau width. The blocks in the city are of Information on the Temple ten acres each in size, and the grounds in Salt Lake City are told streets are 100 feet wide between in so many words: "We still be- the curbings, with the sidewalk and lieve in the principle of polygamy, parking taking 32 feet more. Run- but have suspended the practice of ning water in the streets is a it as being inexpedient." Not yet unique featUre. sure of its limitations, the Church 3. The third period dates from tried to place a polygamist, Brig- about 1870, although Brigham ham H. Roberts, in the United Young lived a few years longer States Congress. The public opin- than that. The date is chosen be- ion of the nation was aroused cause it marks the completion of against this by the activity of a the Union Pacific Railway. This committee from Salt Lake City,· ended the period of isolation. Mor- which was composed of evangelical mons could now move easily out of mISSIOnaries. The attempt has Utah, and outsiders began to come never been renewed. A year or in. This period of sixty years saw two later, the evangelicals also the entrance into Utah of the Ro- went too far when they tried to man Catholic church and of five prevent the seating of Apostle Protestant bodies – Protestant Reed Smoot as a Senator. He was Episcopal, Methodist Episcopal, not a p<llygamist, and there were Presbyterian, Congregational and no other grounds sufficient to keep Baptist. Small communions have him out. These two incidents no business there. Even these helped to clear the air by showing standard denominations, with their to each side the ultimate limits of large resources in funds and per- its effective operation.

sonnel, never undertook a more dif- A little later came Bishop Frankficult task. lin Spencer Spalding to the leader- However, the attrition of out- ship of the Episcopal Church, in side civilization upon the Mormon Utah. Highly endowed with intel- "tate has! produced definite and con- lect, imagination and sympathy, "iderable effects. In 1890, Presi- Bishop Spalding saw that the day dent Woodruff handed down a for the lurid militancy of the past manifesto advising the disc<lntinu- had gone and that the time had, ance of the practice of polygamy. come for Evangelical Christians to Probably this was violated for think of Utah as they thought of twenty years following to the ex- China and India, and to seek a tent of at least 100 cases a year; sympathetic understanding of the but the policy was laid down, and it dominant faith. This did not ·mean has gradually won increasing ac- that he was inclined to accept Mor- ceptance until today the occasional monism as a valid revelation of cases of polygamy constitute a real divinity, but rather that he believed embarrassment to the church au- the warfare should be waged with thorities. In 1896, Utah was grant- weapons more consonant with ed statehood under a constitution Christian principles. His lead has that was explicit in affirming the been increasingly foll<lwed by separation of church and state, Christian workers in Utah until to- and forbidding the practice of po- day practically all agree on the lygamy. But polygamy is still be- major elements of his policy.

Peculiar Characteristics Obviously such a belief goes far Mormonism claims to be a re- to show why Evangelical bodies stored Gospel. It affirms that have so far declined to fellowship Christianity was lost from 330 to with the Latter Day Saints. 1830 A. D. The assumed restoration doubtless led to the official A second distinctive feature of name of the organization. "The Mormon belief is the priesthood. Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Apostle Rudger Clawson, writing Day Saints." The so-called "ar- in the Improvement Era for last March, says: ticles of religion," which are dis- Priesthood is therefore not only the tributed by Mormon missionaries, point of divergence between the Church of Jesus Christ of Later Day are innocuous, containing not a Saints and all other Christian bodies, single distinctive Mormon belief. but the very quintessence of this re- This idea of the restored Gospel ligion-the thing without which it has much to do with the building could not possibly exist. Priesthood of costly temples which are not for . . . is authority delegated by God public worship, but rather f.or the to man by which man acts for Deity performance of certain secret cere- in His name in a way that makes any monies which affect only a small act performed by man under this di- percentage 'of the Mormons-for vine warrant as valid as if it were weddings, endowments, and espe- done by the Lord in person.

cially for baptisms for the dead. Results of Christian .Missions These latter are performed by proxy at so much per head. In a Direct results have not been single year there may be as many large in the sixty years during as 300,000 of them performed in which missions have been prosecut- these temples, so that they are by ed. Success in missionary effort no means negligible as a source of decreases in proportion as the re- revenue. ligion approached is related to Polytheism and an exceedingly Christianity. Moreover, the evananthropomorphic idea of God are gelical churches have been spasdistinguishing features of the modic in the prosecution of mission faith. God is a man grown big, work in the Mormon section. Pauand men are gods in embryo. Some city of financial support has caused day they will grow up and populate undue frequency of change of perplanets with their descendants. The sonnel. The resulting impression causal connection of this doctrine locally has not been one of the stawith the belief in and practice of bility of the mission enterprise and polygamy is clearly evident. In the the continuity of a well-planned pageant given at the centennial program. This defect can be remecelebration in April occurs this died only by affording adequate verse relating to Joseph Smith: support to the work and by closer conference and cooperation among Hail to the Prophet ascended to the communions involved. The Ro- heaven, man Catholic Church is perhaps the best organized religious body Traitors and tyrants now fight him in the world. It has been able to in vain, survive in Utah, but not much Mingling with gods he can plan for his brethren, Death cannot conquer the hero more. It makes practically no con- again. verts from Mormonism, and in

ONE HUNDRED YEARS OF MORMONISM

sixty years the Church in Utah has Church. The only courses in Bible not been able to produce a candi- (given near the campus and with date for the priesthood. On my credit) at the University of Idaho, visit to Salt Lake City last June, I in Moscow, Idaho, and at the southwas informed that one young man ern branch of the same institution in Pocatello, are those given by the intends to be a candidate-the first. Mormon Church, non-Mormon It is difficult for people else- textbooks being used.

where to visualize the situation in A number of competent Christian Utah-a population of more than workers met in Salt Lake city last 400,000, and among them only 10,- June to discuss for the Home Mis- 000 Protestant church members, sions Council twenty-one questions 10,000 Roman Catholics, 6,000 respecting the facts, program and Greek Catholics, a total of con- policy of Christian missions in siderably less than 30,000. There Utah. There was no dissent ;from is no Young Men's Christian As- the opinion that Mormonism has sociation in Salt Lake City, with a changed considerably, is still changpopulation of 140,000, or in Ogden, ing, and that Christian missions with a population of 30,000. There are not over a dozen self-support- have been responsible to a notable ing Christian churches in the en- extent for the change that is taking tire State. All the churches must place. work hard to hold their own, for their people tend to move to the So we may wish well our rep- Pacific coast after a few years. resentatives in the hardest mis- There have been some converts to sionary field in the world as they all the churches, and their Sunday- attempt to preach, that the Gospel schools have attracted a consider- "once delivered" has never been enable number of children from the tirely lost, and that certainly it was ranks of people of Mormon stock not restored at Palmyra, New who no longer adhere to the domi- York, in 1823. The fact that after nant church. a century more than 600,000 people think that it was so restored dem- The chief result~ of Christian onstrates the continuing need of missionary efforts among the Mor- evangelical missions. It is our mons are to be found in the social glad privilege to proclaim the good consequences of those activities. news that salvation comes through faith in Christ and not by means Their educational and evangelistic of elaborate ceremonies performed endeavors have had much to do in secret temples. We can mightwith the Mormon movement to- ily help Mormon thinking to make ward inaugurating a fine public the shift from the prosaic, maschool system, with increasing terialistic mood of the Elder Broth- Mormon loyalty to the United er to the spiritual joy and lift that States Government, and with the marked the meeting of the Prodigal growing tendency to exalt the Bible Son and the Forgiving Father. in the services of the Mormon We can give to the succeeding generation a vast equipment in plant and machinery, a great store of knowledge of how to run it, and we can leave for their stimulation centuries of art and literature. But the world will march forward only so far as we give to our children strength of body, integrity of character, training of mind, and the inspiration of religion.-President Hoover.

GREAT WORK OF THE NEAR

RELIEF: WHAT IS TO FOLLOW IT?

BY THE REV. JAMES L. BARTON, D.D.

Chairman of the Near Em Relie!

T HE annual meeting of the committee has been characterized trustees of the Near East Re- by marked continuity of service of lief in New York, February the men who were its founders.

6, 1930, marked the completion of The amount received during the ten years of corporate action in the period from 1916 to 1928 inclusive work of relief in the Near East. was over $91,000,000-a striking The corporation was the successor demonstration of the sustained in- of The American Committee for terest of the people of America and Relief in the Near East, which fol- the world in the humanitarian ap- lowed the Armenian and Syrian peal of remote peoples and of Relief Committee, which in turn great child populations.

followed the Armenian Relief Com- The average cash receipts per mittee. While the annual meeting year for the twelve years was just was the eleventh of the corpora- about $7,000,000. If we separate tion, it marked fourteen years of the six most productive years from unbroken relief operations under 1918 to 1923 inclusive, the aver- essentially the same directors. age per year was some $11,000,000.

The name Near East Relief was The most productive year was given the organization by Con- 1919, when the entire refugee pop- gress, when a Board of 60 charter ulation in' the Near East became members were incorporated in accessible. In that year $19,485,- 1919 by a special act. Twelve of 000 were received. In the single the charter members have died dur- month of March that year the re- ing the decade. Their names are ceipts were $2,988,987.41. This significant of the character and financial statement does not include standing of those who comprized grants by the United States Gov- the corporation: Alexander J. ernment in 1919 and 1920 of $12,- Hemphill, Harry Pratt Judson, 800,000 worth of food stuffs, most- Cardinal Gibbons, Bishop Greer, ly flour, which was used in meeting Cleveiand H. Dodge, William I. the desperate situation in Russian Haven, Charles W. Eliot, Myron T. Armenia during those years, nor Herrick, Henry B. F. McFarland, does it include large commodity Oscar S. Straus, Talcott Williams and other gifts from a great var- and Stanley White. Dr. Samuel iety of sources. If these were T. Dutton had died before the in- added to the figures given above, corporation was completed. It is the total would exceed $110,000,- also an interesting fact that, of the 000.

ten members of the Executive This is a brief backward look, Committee elected at this annual but our interest today lies not pri- meeting, six had served for ten marily in the past but in the years or more. Herbert Hoover futUre. The past has been honor- was a member of the first Execu- able; the future may be no less tive Committee. The work of the notable.

922 The emergency objective which East. They entered at once upon led to the organization has been the task, and for a year and a half reached, so far as the public is con- upon their own responsibility made cerned. The funds in hand and further and more intimate investithe payments yet to come from gations through additional contacts sponsors for children and in pay- with officials and other interested ment of pledges will enable the parties in the Near East. All Committee to place in self-support areas were revisited and condithe last of its wards so that it can tions reviewed and reappraised. say to donors that it has finished The Conservation Committee disits task with honor. covered the beginnings of opera- tions and influences which can be There are, however, other con- completed only by a continuation siderations which it is impossible program. Among the most signifto ignore at this turning-point in the history of the work. Foresee- icant of these are: ing the approach of this period, the Executive Committee in 1926 ap- First.-All countries in the Near pointed a Survey Committee to in- East, with which the Near East vestigate conditions in the Near Relief has had relations, are in East as they relate to the work of complete sympathy, not only with the trustees. This was done with what has been done during the a degree of thoroughness beyond years, but with its present methods all praise. The Survey Committee and with the ideals which it has discovered vast unmet needs which constantly followed and in which could not be met unless there was the governments have become a continuing program beyond the highly sympathetic. These govemergency stage. This conclusion ernments, especially the Soviet Government of Russian Armenia was reached after protracted con- and the Greek Government, are ferences on the field with mis- eager to have the work continue, even after the wards have been sionaries, educators and others. adequately placed. Albania and Among these needs was the desire of the Eastern Churches for aid in Bulgaria, as well as Syria, have promoting unsectarian religious made representations to the Comeducation among their constitu- mittee, assuring it of every posents. This had been begun in the sible cooperation if the Committee orphanages and was being taken will continue work, either as Near up by the ecclesiastics and leaders among the youth of the country. East Relief or as a separate Board, for child betterment, economic and Upon re(!eiving the report of health improvement, and especially the Survey Committee, the Near for the development of agriculture East Relief created a Conservation under modern methods of cultiva- Committee, of which Cleveland E. tion. All of the governments Dodge was Chairman and Dr. Barclay Acheson, Secretary, to throughout the Near East are urgtake up the entire question of un- ing the organization to continue met needs. The Committee was its operations, not as emergency composed of men who are deeply relief, but as a constructive Board interested in the educational, in- cooperating with the governments dustrial, economic, social, health in their desire for modern social, and child welfare work in the Near economic, educational and moral advance.

Second.-The people in all these proven so valuable heretofore in countries, including officials and limited areas. Many of them have leaders as well as the masses, with the languages of the countries, are whom the Near East Relief has in deep sympathy with the ambi- come into close contact during the tions and hopes of the people for last fourteen years, have absolute social and intellectual betterment, confidence in the organization and and are ready to continue, if deall who represent it. They recog- sired, in the same work.

nize that it has had no ulterior Fourth.-All of these Near East motive, and that its work has been countries are entering upon new benevolent, helpful and Christian, periods of intellectual, social and looking to the best interests of the economic change. They are breakpeople in the countries in which the ing with the conservative, hamperwork has been carried on. They ing traditions of the past and are are unanimous in their declara- seeking new methods of modern tions that the work has been full education, social, health and ecoof blessing and that there is much nomic improvement. Many enyet to do. They stand ready, as lightened leaders welcome our individuals and as groups, to co- trusted experts and are ready to cooperate with them in promoting operate wit h the Conservation the higher interests of their people. Committee in organizing and pro- They have observed through years moting forms of work which will the disinterested service rendered benefit all the people as well as the by the Near East Relief and its countries themselves. The people representatives and see in them an are with the new organization.

Third.-The Near East Relief opportunity for realizing higher has raised up and trained a body social ideals for their own people.

of experts on the Near East. By Fifth.-The Near East Relief reason of their years of service and has some 20,000 boys and girls their close contact with the people, who have largely completed their their needs and the resources of practical education in the Near the various countries, they under- East Relief institutions and are stand the economic, social, moral in the process of being integrated and educational conditions and into local society. These, together opportunities that are open for with a few thousands who are still continuation work. These experts in the orphanages, have, with few hoi d positions of commanding exceptions, received their entire leadership in the places in which training for life from the repre- they are now located. They have sentatives of this organization.

a following of Nationals in all They are not hampered by the areas who are eager to see the paralyzing traditions of their fa- principles that have worked so ef- thers. They do not know the age- fectively with the children in the long conservatisms that have pre- orphanages and among those al- vented social, moral and religious ready outplaced, applied in general progress in the Near East. Many to the children of the country. of tbemare well educated in mod- These experts are now available ern methods of agriculture and for continued service if there is a industry and in the use of modern purpose to apply, in the countries tools. In their thinking and out- as a whole, the methods that have look they are Western and pro-

GREAT WORK OF THE NEAR EAST RELIEF

gressive. These children, still gifts have been economically and officially connected with the Near wisely used, and to have confidence East Relief, are in a position to that the work carried on in the become a mighty leaven for perme- Near East has been done upon a ating the society of that country broad basis and that it has been with new, inspiring and construc- done in a spirit of disinterested tive ideas. service. This confidence is of un- tDld value at the present time and Besides these 20,000 children will be absDlutely essential if a now connected with the organiza- general conservation work is to be tion, there are at least 40,000 other undertaken. The organization has boys and girls who have already kept confidence with this public. gone out and have become a part It made its appeal for funds with which to close its emergency obliof the active life of the Near East gation tD its wards, and the public in every country named, including has notably responded. There is Egypt, and in almost every line of a cDnvictiDn that this same public industry. Some of these have al- desires and expects that the fifty ready won positions of respect and or sixty thousand children whom leadership. Their training and the organization has trained shall character are generally recognized be given a chance to use what they as superior to those of others of have already received in leavening their age. There is little tendency the society in all of the countries among these graduates, often of the Near East where they are called "ex-orphans," to return to IDcated. the old life in the static Near East. These 60,000 young people are Seventh.-So far as can be seen, ready instruments for moving their entire countries toward a there is no other body or organizahigher economic and social life and a better civilization, if the old tion. leadership can be retained. In In view Df these and other conview of the comparatively small number of these graduate children siderations, the Trustees of the among the twenty or thirty mil- Near East Relief unanimously lions scattered throughout the voted that a new corporatiDn Near East, there is danger, unless should be formed to carry thrDugh we furnish adequate leadership, the uncompleted work of that Comthat they will be overwhelmed by mittee. February 21, 1930, at 99 the dead weight of the stolid life John Street, New York, where the about them; but with adequate Armenian Relief Committee was leadership they are in a position organized September 16, 1915, the to become a mighty force through- new body was organized under the out all those countries. name of Near East FDundation with the fifteen directors and in- Sixth.-It has been a gratifica- corporators elected: Cleveland E. tion to those who have been con- Dodge, President; Edwin M. Bulknected with the Near East Relief ley, Treasurer; E. C. Miller, Asfrom its beginning to sense the sistant Treasurer and Comptroller, confidence in the organization and Barclay Acheson, Secretary. which appears to be universal The office is at 151 Fifth Avenue, throughout America. The general New York. The FDundatiDn has public seems to believe that its the hearty gODdwill of the trustees of the Near East Relief.

BETHLEHEM'S CHURCH OF THE

BY NANCY VIRGINIA AUSTEN, Fontana, California BETHLEHEM, the little hill trade alive and no doubt gave rise town of Palestine which gave to the manufacture of mother-of- us the year one, is probably pearl rosaries, pins, paper-knives the most famous city in the world. and beads, inlaid woodwork and Its chief glory and significance other relics to delight pilgrims and come from its connection with the tourists. But its streets are pracfirst Christmas, but it entered the tically deserted except at Christpages of history a thousand years mas and Easter when thousands before that as the location of the come to bow before the manger beautiful pastoral of Ruth. It was where, tradition says, the Christalso the home of David. But Beth- child lay. At such times the ordilehem, despite its fame as the home narily quiet streets spring into life of the Royal house of David and and importance with the pomp of the birthplace of the Christ, re- religious parades, the rich silken mained a tiny village until medi- brocades and priceless jewels of eval times when pilgrims began to priestly robes, the flutter of ecvisit the hamlet in such numbers clesiastical banners and the glint .as to increase the population per- of military swords. At first sight manently. we must rub our eyes to make sure that we are not dreaming. Yes, it The present population of twelve is really little Bethlehem filled with thousand or less is made up al- loyal hearts from the distant ends most entirely of Christians: of the earth who have brought Greeks, Latins, French, Germans their gifts of love and devotion to and Armenians who have estab- tbe altar of the Nativity. lished monasteries, convents, -hospitals, schools, industries and or- The center of interest in Bethlephanages there. It seems rather hem is the Church of the Nativity, strange that foreign lands should built over the crypt which was the furnish such a large population for manger of our Lord. This is a little hill town of Palestine where claimed to be the oldest Christian there is practically no business; church in existence. Constantine yet religious zeal alone has for cen- built the first church there in 330 turies carried men and women to A; D;, a magnificent basilica to the limits of the earth and no doubt which journeyed pilgrims from all will continue to do so until the end the countries of Europe. When the of time. The institutions of the Arabs captured Bethlehem they did various Christian sects and nations not destroy the church, probably make up the biggest part of thlil due to the fact that they venerate population . of Bethlehem, but Christ as one of their prophets. strange to say, the whole number Later on the Crusaders regained of Protestant Christians is less the town and rebuilt it, protecting than a hundred. it with a castle which they located near the church. One can find a few pilgrims in Bethlehem any month in the year, This was not, however, the end which fortunately keeps the curio of Bethlehem's troubles. It has suf- )26 fered destruction two or three showered upon the birthplace of times since, and not until the 19th the Christ gifts of gold and devo- century were the Moslems driven tion, sacrifice and adoration.

out, since then the Christians have Almost as soon as we entered the been in undisputed control of the town we came to the quiet square church and the town. There are, in in front of the church around fact, less than half a thousand which the town buildings are Moslems in Bethlehem. grouped: the town hall, the post The town is built on spurs of the office, shops and the simple Arabic hills which jut picturesquely into hotel. Narrow cobblestone streets, the desert valleys toward the J or- quiet and clean, lead off up the hill dan and the Dead Sea depression. from the square. A few silent The sides of the hills are terraced women, regal in their bearing and with fruit and olive trees, vine- splendid in the characteristic and yards, grain fields, and pastures, striking Bethlehem costumes, flit- making it a restful, beautiful spot ted by on homely errands. A boy in that semi-barren district. Sheep passed with a goat skin of water graze peacefully on the hillsides as hanging across his shoulder. A of old; goats, more industrious and man, in flowing aba and bright cot- with true pioneer instinct, reach ton turban and a woman with a up the trees for a leaf or bit of bundle of laundry on her head, green. passed swiftly and silently and dis- The Bethlehem hills divide the appeared into the stone doorway of town naturally into several sec- a stone house. All the houses seem tions, which is really fortunate, to be of stone; even the doorways since it provides the Greeks, and window frames are of stone, Latins, Armenians, French and for lumber is scarce and expensive Germans with natural barriers for in the Holy Land. Balconies often their separate institutions each jut out over the narrow streets with its own national population. from second floors, and strips of The Church of the Nativity has camel or goat hair canvas are fast- seen important functions during ened over the streets from building the centuries of its existence, to building, thus aff,ording a wel- among them the crowning of Bald- come relief from the burning sun.

win as King, on Christmas Day in We paused at the Psalmist's well 1101. Europe's crowned heads have by the gate, the memory of which from time to time tried to outdo made David long for a drink when each other in munificent gifts to he was hiding from the Philistines.

little Bethlehem, the City of David (2 Samuel 23: 14 and 15.) and the Christ: a Byzantine em- A woman came to draw water, peror covered the walls of the and I stared most impolitely at her church with gilded mosaics; Ed- picturesque Bethlehem costume. I ward the IV of England gave it a hope she forgave me if she noticed wonderful leaden roof (which, by my rudeness; however, I am sure the way, the Turks tore off and she was utterly unconscious of the melted into bullets), and thus striking picture she made. Her through the succeeding ages the voluminous skirt touched the French, the Romans, the Greeks, ground; the sleeves of her velvet the Russians, the Germans, the jacket had embroidered cuffs ex- English and the Armenians have tending from the wrist to the elbow

which hung almost to the hem of is under the care of the Greeks, her skirt; coins worn as a necklace Latins and Armenians, each of and a headpiece showed the size of whom guards jealously every tiny her dowry; her hair was piled privilege which has been so hardly high on top of her head and was won through the centuries.

covered with a long shawl-like As we entered the simple, nar- white veil which was pinned under row doorway and looked around her chin, the corners falling al- the hallowed enclosure upon the most to the ground. No d(mbt the undivided expanse of nave, tran- veil protected her hair from dust sept and choir, a feeling of space, of quietness, of sanctity pervaded the sacred place. The mellowed lime- stone columns, the stone floor worn by the feet of millions of pilgrims who for centuries have trod the very spot where we stood, the primitive figures representing the ancestors of Christ and of Joseph and of the disciples breathed a se- cret of the church's antiquity.

Two sets of steps descended from the body of the church to the grot- to underneath where the Christ- child lay on that most memorable night. The grotto has been con- verted into a chapel of the Nativ- ity. Its floor is paved with marble slabs and the stone walls have been lined with marble. Thirty-two hanging lamps filled the little chap- el with a soft radiance and candles flickered in a golden haze. A re- Photograph of Presbyterion Board 01 ForeiY'1i cess in the wall filled with swaying Miss/ons silver lamps proclaimed itself the THE MANGER-THE CHURCH OF l.'HE spot we were seeking even before NATIVITY we caught the gleam of the silver and her neck and shoulders from star set into the marble slab in the sun. Unlike the Moslem veil, front of the altar. We bent over the Bethlehem veil does not cover it and read: Jesus Christus natus the face. Two men sauntered by est hie de Virgine Maria.

with bright orange turbans coiled I turned back the pages of mem- thickly ar<mnd their heads as a ory to the Christmas mornings of protection from the sun, their long my childhood when the Christmas seamless coats fluttering behind story was each year freshly beauti- them in the welcome breeze. fied and endeared. This then was Before us loomed the Church of where the story began; this the the Nativity, the simple mellowed manger venerated through the cen- stone basilica which alone of all the turies, around which have gathered early buildings has weathered the in countless numbers poems, songs, vicissitudes of the ages. The church traditions and prayers. My reverie

MISSIONS A BACKGROUND FOR WORLD PEACE

was broken by the voice of our ocean of adoration and unselfish guide telling us that the silver star devotion which envelopes the had been placed there by the Lat- Christ-child and His birthplace for ins, and that the silver lamps sway- the world at large. To those at a ing gently in the recess were in the distance the star of Bethlehem still shines with a steady light. We do custody of the Latins, Greeks and not care who has the right to polish Armenians each of whom held par- the silver star, who may dust the ticular rights in the chapel and brocade hangings or light the who frequently charged each other lamps. Without any lamps or stars with trying to gain an inch or so or hangings ChTl'istendom would at the expense of the others. The continue to sing: "Joy to the world Latins, Greeks and Armenians the Lord has come." Only to those must keep constant watch lest by guarding the lamps and star and some slip a tiny bit of dearly ecclesiastical prerogatives have gained privilege be lost; for once such ambitions obscured the real lost it can be restored only by bit- significance of the birthplace of the ter fighting. But this backwash of jealous bickering is lost in the wide Prince of Peace.

MISSIONS A BACKGROUND FOR WORLD PEACE BY MRS. SCHUYLER C. WOODHULL President of the Women'g Missionary Society of the Presbyterian Synod oj Minnesota W HEN Mrs. Tsune Gauntlett, Commandments including: "Thou the Japanese delegate to the shalt not kill." fifth Conference on the Cause and Cure of War, held in The early Church was essential- Washington last January, was in- ly a missionary Church. By the troduced to the Conference, she end of the first century the new said: "I owe all my English to the religion had been preached from missionaries in Tokio. We did not Babylon to Spain, from Alexandria start this Peace Movement, it was to Rome. The ancient Roman world started years ago by our grand- was a world without love. The life mothers in every mission station of the Christians· was a life of around the world." This recent love. "Behold! how they love one testimony of a Japanese woman another" was the common exclamagives added weight to the theme of tion. Through all the thousands this paper. of Christian inscriptions in the Ro- man catacombs, not one has been When Christ was foretold in discovered expressing resentment prophecy, He was named the Day- or even reproach. Peace is the all spring from on high who should prevailing note. There can be no guide our feet into the Way of doubt that in theory the early Peace. He taught: "Blessed are Church stood sternly against all the peacemakers"; "Love your participation in war for many genenemies"; "Bless them that curse erations after the Apostolic Age. you." He ratified anew the Ten The positive assertion made by 4

Dymond and others, that for 200 the fourteenth century, a great reyears not a Christian soldier is on ligious movement for peace struck record in the Roman armies, may the minds of different nations of seem strong, but it is .confirmed by Europe. Pilgrims in white gar- Rome's historian, Gibbon. ments mar c h e d everywhere, preaching the duty of Christian After 250 A. D., the demand for peace. In the fifteenth century, the holiness of life was insensibly Moravians took. strong ground transferred from the Church at against war. Then Hugo Grotius large to the clergy. In place of the primitive democracy of the Apos- of Holland raised his voice. In tolic Church, there grew up an ec- the seventeenth century, George clesiastical aristocracy. Wealth and Fox and William Penn became popularity began to flow into the great champions of peace. In once despised Church at Rome. 1905, in New York City, the Then there came a change from Honorable David J. Brewer set the worship of the one God and forth international peace as one of His only Son to the reverence for the objectives of a proposed federacountless intermediary saints, and tion of churches. A campaign in from peace to militancy. At the the interest of this movement has time of the' accession of Constan- since that time been persistently tine, the Roman Empire was in a carried on. In August, 1914, the state of anarchy and confusion. delegates from several lands con- The Church numbered at this time vened at Constance, Germany, to about eight millions. Constantine found The World Alliance for Properceived in the Church a prop to moting International Friendship his falling Empire. On the day Through the Churches. The out- break of the WorId War compelled when he entered Rome as conquer- the conference to transfer its sesor, his hands red with blood, his sions to London, where it completbanner displaying the Cross, which ed its labors. for the first time was chosen for a military symbol, organized Chris- We all know the many agencies tianity surrendered her sublime at work today for peace. The World Court, the League of Nadistinction as the religion of peace. tions, the e'xchange professors, the The fact that, by Constantine's in- Friendship Tours, the Peace Contervention, suppression and perse- ferences, the International Insticution of the Church ceased, has tute held at Geneva every August, blinded Christian people from his and many others. But I place our day to this to the evil that was great missionary enterprise at the wrought. head of all these. Our mission- Unhappily, not even the leaders aries believe, to quote Dr. Arthur of the Reformation broke with J. Brown, that men and women militarism. Missionary activity everywhere have like passions, are was strangled within the Church capable of development, responsive during the period of bloody wars to friendship, worthy of respect. lasting a century and a half. For- They do not go down to other peotunately, the Church has always ple as superiors to inferiors, but secretly cherished Christ's ideals as men to brother men, bearing the of peace. In England in the seventh same burdens and needing the and eighth centuries, war was for same Saviour. They know that a time declared anti-Christian. In

there is only one race-the human Chairma"n of the Foreign Policy race. They spend not a few months Association of New York, returned but a lifetime amid climatic and from the Conference on Pacific Re- unsanitary con d it ion s which lations, having gone to Japan by sapped the vitality of our troops in way of Russia and China, he was Cuba and the Philippines. They asked: "To what extent are the do not forsake their posts in time Christian missionaries to blame of danger. A British Admiral for the Far Eastern muddle?" He saluted a few missionaries who, replied: in spite of the perils which beset I think the answer could be given them, declined to take refuge on in three words: Not at all. But, when his ship of war, and he exclaimed: put that briefly, one subjects oneself "Ladies and gentlemen, your cour- to critidsm for not telling the whole age is magnificent. Men have been truth. The Christian missionaries in given the Victoria Cross for less China have not Christianized China. heroism than yours." Isn't this the However, they have in indirect waysspirit that will make friends of all educational, social and hygienicpeoples? performed for China what seems to me the finest work which has been done No Far Eastern country ever there by any foreign influences whathad a leper asylum, a school for ever. the deaf or blind, an orphanage, or a hospital for the insane,· until the As you go through some of the back Christian missionary appeared. parts of China, seeing a few of the older women and a few of the younger Think of the enlightenment that ones still with bound feet, and com- has come to many people with the pare them with the younger generaintroduction of printing by the tion of Chinese, you realize that, if missionaries, another agency bind- the missionaries had only a tiny bit ing people together. The spirit to do in that great unbinding, not which prompted an educational merely of the feet of the women of China but in a very real sense of the missionary in China to decline a spirit of the women of China, they high salaried presidency of a gov- have performed a magnificent task. ernmtlnt university, giving as his reason: "I want to translate the The Honorable John Barrett, Bible and to train up Christian former American minister to Siam, ministers," is surely the spirit of said that 150 missionaries gave loving his neighbor as himself. him less trouble in five years than The missionary has always stood fifteen business men gave him in for the brotherhood of man, which five months.

implies those relations between na- With testimonies like these, I tions which make for peace and feel convinced that our noble mis- good will. " sionaries are indeed ambassadors When Mr. James McDonald, of peace.

WHAT IS CHRISTIAN EDUCATION?

Religious education in the Christian sense includes all efforts and processes which help to bring children, young people, and adults into a vital and saving experience of God revealed in Christ; to quicken the sense of God as a living reality, so that communion with Him in prayer and worship becomes a natural habit and principle of life; to enable them to interpret the meaning of their growing experience of life in the light of ultimate values; to develop a deepening fellowship with Christ which will find expression in attitudes and habits of Christ-like living in common life and in all human relations; and to enlarge and deepen the understanding of the historic facts on which Christianity rests and of the rich content of Christian experience, belief and doctrine.-Definition approved by the International Council of Religious Education.

MEETING AND AUTUMN CONFER-

ENCE-AMERICAN MISSION TO LEPERS .n. " ; LL Roads Lead to Rome" was evidenced not only by the denomi- the ancient saying. On the national and priv.ate hospitals, but 16th of October all roads led by the Government which he placed to New York for the annual meet- next to the United States in the ing of the American Mission to part it is taking to care for its Lepers. "Conquerors" came from lepers. He credited the Japanese India, Africa, Japan to tell of their Government also with welcoming conquests-conquests over suffer- the teaching of Christianity in its ing and ignorance and disease, leav- hospitals on account of the good ing happiness, health and hope in influence it brought with it, and their wake. The home "reserves" said, "The outlook for ridding were also there in full force with Japan of leprosy is very bright, representative delegations from and I believe it can be done." various points in eight States, to hear the reports of their workers Mr. Delavan L. Pierson, Editor in the field and to tell of their own of THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE efforts at home. WORLD, recently returned from a world tour of observation, reported Dr. Cleland B. McAfee, Secretary as his outstanding impression the of the Presbyterian Board of For- wide prevalence of leprosy, and eign Missions and recently returned how little was being done compared from a round-the-world journey, with what should be done. He astold of his observations of leper serted that the British and Amerwork in foreign lands. He pointed ican Missions to Lepers have inout three important things which deed set the pace in the work being could be done regarding leprosy in done for lepers under a definite every land: first, the spread of lep- plan. It is his firm belief, too, that rosy can be checked by isolation of while it might be that we can lepers; second, as leprosy is not spend money too lavishly for our hereditary the untainted children churches and educational equipcan be cared for and protected ment at home, we cannot do enough from their leper parents; third, to aid the lepers, suffering as they their pain can be relieved and com- suffer, in making them more fort brought to them and "life for healthy and happy and showing the lepers can be made very rich them through our sympathy the by making the love of God a real blessedness that comes through fact to them." Jesus Christ and His love.

Dr. A. Oltmans, Secretary for Dr. George W. McCoy, Director Japan of the American Mission to of the National Institute of Health Lepers and Superintendent of the of the United States, and formerly I-Hai-en Leper Mission Hospital at Director of the Leprosy Research Tokyo, spoke of the progress in Station at Molokai, Hawaii, spoke Japan. After briefly outlining the of the leprosy situation from the work in Japan from its beginning medical viewpoint. In speaking 40 years ago, Dr. Oltmans men- of the trends in dealing with leptioned the lively interest now being rosy today, Dr. McCoy said that 932

CHINESE REDS BEHEAD WOMEN MISSIONARIES

too rigid segregation is not advo- sionary from the Sudan, laid much cated as strongly as formerly as it stress on the efficacy of prayer in causes many early cases to be hid- connection with his work, and Dr. den, but that home treatment, A. D. Helser also attributed the clinics and instruction in preven- success of his work among the leptive measures are recommended. ers in Nigeria to medicine, diet and last but not least, to prayer. Dr. T. A. Lambie, medical mis- CHINESE REDS BEHEAD WOMEN MISSIONARIES T HE New York Times, October Advances were made at the direction 11, published [the following of the Church Missionary Society to dispatch from its special cor- meet ransom demands, but without avail. respondent in Shanghai: The editor of the Christian Cen- Out of the mountains of North Fu- turyadds: kein came the story today of the terrible fate of the two British women It seems clear that no political mis·sionaries, Miss Eleanor June Har- significance attaches to this murder. rison and Miss Edith Nettleton, slain It has been simply a bandit outrage at the end of weeks of negotiations in a notoriously bandit-ridden section with bandits for their ransom. of China. The result, however, is none the less distressing, and will The two women, both advanced in bring a new realization of the danger years and of long mission service which today attends missionary work among the Chinese, were subjected to in that country. keen physical and mental torture and finally, to quote those who attempted It is probable that there will be to free them, "clumsily and brutally many to censure the British consular beheaded." officials for their failure to pay the ransom, $100,000 in the first instance The sufferings of the women were and later $50,000, that might have related by A. J. Martin, British Con- saved the lives of these two women. sul at Kienningfu, and the Rev. Dr. But the problem presented to the mis- Alfred Sills of the Church Missionary sion and political authorities, both Society, who returned from Kienning- Chinese and British, was a terribly fu after several weeks of strenuous difficult one. The C. M. S., although but unavailing attempts to save the as hard pressed for funds as any miscaptives. sion agency, was in favor of paying what the bandits demanded. Its first Chinese 'officials at Kien Yanghsien concern was for the safety of its were informed of the abduction and workers, and its readiness to go to at first displayed indifference, the any length to secure their freedom British investigators said, but after- will be honored in all quarters. But ward sent troops to the area. No the political authorities, although as strenuous efforts were made, however, much concerned for the safety of to release the missionaries. those involved as government agents are, decided against the payment. To More recently the Chinese captors ransom these women, it was believed, ·sent a finger in a letter to the British would be to expose all other foreigners authorities, saying they had cut it in Chinese interior to increased danfrom Miss Nettleton's hand and, un- ger of abduction by bandits. less their demand of $50,000 ransom was complied with at once, further harm would come to the missionaries.

Of THE

Retrospect Gospel of the Kingdom shall be preached in the whole world for a tes- The closing year has been a hard timony unto all the nations, and then one for many people. Readers of THE shall the end come." And not till then. REVIEW do not need to be told of the wide extent and serious character of A. J. B.

the business depression. Million8 of Return of Editor Pierson men and women have been out of employment, and many others have had Our readers will be glad to know of their incomes reduced. Missionary the return of Mr. and Mrs. Delavan boards, and educational and philan- L. Pierson from their long journey thropic agencies have felt the effects, around the world. Their schedule inand of course the weekly religious pa- c1uded Syria, Egypt, Mesopotamia, Inpers and the monthly missionary mag- dia, Burma, Straits Settlements, azines have suffered. Thoughtful China, Korea, Japan, Australia, New observers believe that the tide is turn- Guinea, and the Hawaiian Islands. It ing and that better times will soon was a long tour, involving hard travcome; but many have painful reason eling and the strain of many conferto remember the year 1930. ences and addresses. But it also A review of the year from the view- involved the joy of meeting missionpoint of missionary work is presented aries of whose work Mr. and Mrs. in articles in this issue, and we need Pierson had long known, and with not cover the ground again. Suffice many of whom they had formed ties it to emphasize the hope that Chris- of personal friendship when on furtian people everywhere will approach loughs in America. They brought the new year with a renewal of faith blessing and cheer to hundreds of and consecration. Evangelical religion lonely and burdened workers, and they is being assailed on all sides and world in turn received rich blessing for conditions are seriously disturbing; themselves as they communed with but let us remember that such assaults their fellow Christians both native and conditions are not new. The and foreign, and witnessed the wonchurches have faced them many times der working of the Holy Spirit in before. "But, Lord, Thy Church is other lands. In the good providence praying yet." Let us hear again the of God, they suffered neither illness voice of the Master to His disciples nor accident, and returned in excellent when, 1900 years ago, they went to health and spirits.

Him with sinking hearts and waver- We are sure that our readers have ing faith: "See that ye be not been keenly interested in Mr. Pier80n's troubled: for these things must needs Travel Letters, which have appeared come to pass; but the end is not yet. in successive numbers of THE REVIEW. But he that endureth to the end, the They have showed a remarkably insame shall be saved." Then followed telJigent understanding of the situa- His ringing words to the effect that tion in Asia and the problems now the troubles which so distressed them, affecting missionary work. Other arinstead of being a reason for discour- ticles from his pen will appear from agement and inactivity, were a re- time to time. The service to the misnewed challenge to go forward. "This sionary cause, which he has long ren- 934

TOPICS OF THE TIMES

dered with such eminent ability, will its the respect of the world. It is a be still further broadened and en- great thing to see a revolutionist who riched by the observations and ex- relies not upon the sword but upon periences during his journeys on the moral suasion, even though some of mission field. his followers do not thus limit them- As the Acting Editor was to have selves. In his demand for independ- charge of THE REVIEW only for the ence he undoubtedly represents the year of Mr. Pierson's absence, his edi- Hindus, who form the largest element torial responsibilities terminate with in the population of India. But there the present number. He has found are others. The 70,000,000 Moslems, his work very congenial, and he deeply while disliking British rule, would dis- appreciates the generously sympathet- like Hindu rule more, and they know ic cooperation which he has received that the success of Gandhi's independ- from the office staff, the Board of Di- ence program would place them in a rectors, the Editorial Council, and hopeless minority to their her~ditary many readers of THE REVIEW. With foes. The rulers of the 72,000,000 the background of an experience of 34 people in the self-governing native years as Secretary of a Board of Mis- states look askance upon Gandhi be- ,sions and this additional year in the cause they realize that the security of editorial chair, he is in a positi()n to their thrones depends upon British know the important place that THE protection. The representatives of the REVIEW occupies in the home and for- nearly 60,000,000 outcastes know that eign missionary work of the churches. the justice which they now receive in It is an essential part of that work, the courts and the gradual imptove~ maintained at no small sacrifice by ment in their lot are due to British devoted men and women who recog- rule and would be jeopardized if the nize the value of its service. I ear- high caste Brahmins had the power.

nestly bespeak for them, and particu- The Eurasians, who form a consider~ larly for Mr. Pierson who bears the able portion of the 4,754,000 people heaviest burden, the continued co- who told the census takers that they operation and prayers of all the read- are Christians, would far rather be ers of THE REVIEW. A. J. B. under British rule than under that of Hindus who despise them. The com- Does Gandhi Represent All mercial class, while not numerically India? strong, is influential and fears that internecine strife would demoralize The American people are in danger business if the British were to with- of being misled by the frequently pub- draw.

lished statements on thi,s subject. For There are indeed exceptions to these example, Dr. John Haynes Holmes, in generalizations. Some individuals in his Introduction to Gandhi's Autobi- all these groups support Gandhi's pro- ography, writes of Gandhi as "su- gram. The cla,sses shade into one an- preme throughout all India," "his word other at the edges. But the general everywhere obeyed," and his "person- statement may stand that nearly one al influence over three hundred mil- half of the people of India, while as lions of his fellowmen." The New restive as Gandhi under foreign dom- Yark Times publishes a letter from an ination, fear independence, India's East Indian stating "the country (In- demands at the London Conference are dia) is solidly behind Gandhi's Na- for dominion status. We would not tional Congress." minimize the significance of the inde- We share the general opinion re- pendence movement that Gandhi repgarding the high character and patri- resents, or the reverence with which otic motives of this extraordinary ma>1l. he is rel<arded. But India is not Whatever may be thought of the wis- "solidly behind" him, nor is he "every- dom of his methods, his sincerity mer- :where obeyed." A. J. B.

BY MRS. F. I. JOHNSON, 150 FIFTH AVENUE, NEW

President of the Federation of Woman's Boards for Foreign Missions It was with keen regret that the preceding the Day of Prayer-apeditor of this department found that pointed subcommittees for the set-up credit for the first two methods printed in six districts. in the October issue was not given to Each of these subcommittees Mrs. Fred Rector ·of Pawtucket, R. I. planned for more than one meeting Mrs. Rector is one of the officers in covering the district so that a total of the Woman's Baptist Mission Society thirty meetings were held with an atof Rhode Island. She taught methods tendance of more than 6,000 women. last year in several summer schools. T'oronto, Canada, organized for SUGGESTED PROGRAM FOR eighteen simultaneous interracial WORLD DAY OF PRAYER meetings. An interesting feature of By MRS. S. S. HOUGH these meeting·s was the reading of the Scripture by new Canadians in their Chairman of World Day of Prayer own languages. Committee Los Angeles reports the plan of February 20, 1931 holding a number of simultaneous We are rapidly approaching another meetings rather than a central meet- World Day of Prayer. Reports of the ing, this method having met with observance of 1930 are conclusive much favor and ,success. Twice the proof that the service may be adapted number of women attended and the successfully to any group whether ur- offering more than doubled.

ban or rural by wise, careful, and A Township Meeting in Massa.chusetts prayerful planning begun many weeks in advance of the day. The following "Apparently no one here had ever suggestions have been culled from re- heard of the Day of Prayer but I ports of meetings in crowded cities, found several women who became insmall towns, rural communities, iso- terested at once. With that much enlated frontier places, mission schools, couragement I went ahead with plans. and family circles, among women, girls and children. "We have ten Protestant churches in our township which covers an area Planning in Crowded Cities of about forty-five square miles. That means that some of the churches are How to make the Day of Prayer ef- as far as twelve miles apart and many fective in a large city has been a real of the women have no means of trans- problem for those who seek to hold portathm. Still, nothing venture, one central service. Many cities, how- nothing have. ever, have discovered a better method "One very important thing was to and instead of planning for one serv- find the right place for the meeting. ice which may call out a comparatively The Episcopal church in the main vil- small group they are organizing for lage is very lovely and I found they many meeting·s and find attendance would be glad to have us meet there.

doubled. "Enough of the 'Call to Prayer'

Greater New York organized its were secured to supply the women of General Committee about three months all the churches. The date and place 936

METHODS FOR WORKERS

of meeting was written on each call "We were a gathering of 14 women and bundles of them, together with a in the country but a wonderful spirit few programs, were distributed to of prayer was manifested, so glad to 'key' women. These were given out be able to have a share." in the churches for two Sundays before the meeting and the meeting was "We hope from now on this day will spoken of wherever there were groups always be observed by the women of of women gathered. this small mining and lumbering town on the Pacific Coast." "I had thought possibly twenty-five women might come but fifty women Home Mission Schools Also came, took part whole heartedly and expressed themselves as anxious to re- "The World Day of Prayer for Mispeat such a worthwhile service. Our sions is annually observed as one of offering was over $14.00. We all the greatest days of the year at the agreed that next year we would begin Pattie C. Stockdale Memorial School. earlier to make plans." The program has been so arranged that there could be student group Lonely, Frontier Places Link Up meetings for prayer at almost every hour through the day. Usually we "I write this on the evening of the begin with a before-breakfast prayer Day of Prayer. Our Birdtail Indian meeting, but this year we had early women have just gone home with their breakfast and were ready f.or a servhusbands who brought them with ice of prayer for missions at six-thirtheir dear brown babies. Just a few ty o'clock. In this meeting a talk was of them, but they came the fifteen made upon the significance of this day miles in to Birtle, to join with a few of prayer, and after each one of the friends here in the praise and prayer household had joined in audible petirising from the hearts of women the tion for the great cause of missions world over. we went out to make the whole day, as far as possible, one of intercession. "Our meeting started with dinner for those who had arrived, and then "One o'clock in the afternoon found we commenced our hour of prayer and the women of the Missionary Society song, mingling our voices and lan- joining in a special service of prayer. guages. It was a good hour, for we Even in this remote valley our women ,sang and prayed to Him who hears felt their oneness with the rest of the all tongues, and conue'iCenus to bless praying world, and the work of misall simple, eager hearts. With a cup sions became more real to us all. of tea for all twenty who came together, words of good wishes, our "At night there was a service of ,splendid Indian friends made ready prayer in our chapel at which were for the road once more. As I write present men and women and young they will have reached home. We people. The regular mid-week prayer pray that in their lives and in ours meeting was postponed until Friday Jesus Christ may indeed be lifted up." night so that we might gather to- gether to unite our voices with those "In a lonely corner of our province of earnest souls throughout the world." one woman left alone, went through the program of reading and prayer In one Negro school the four parts and sent her offering of one dollar." of the program were divided with a teacher speaking on each, and students "The daughter from a manse in an offering the prayers. Sometimes this outlying district came to Vancouver school arranges to have only the high to spend the day with a sick mother. school pupils in the assembly room, In the quiet of the sick room they had other years they have the entire school their own prayer service at the same in the chapel. hour the meetings were held in the churches and followed the program This day may be an integral part used in our gatherings." of the program of religious education. The chapel service offers a good time

for the observance. Preparation, how- Committee. This committee secured ever, may be made in the young peo- flags of many nations and made a ple's meeting on the preceding Sun- Christian flag. The Publicity Com- day, and in a faculty meeting. While mittee interviewed the ministers a teacher may have the day in charge, whose services were being broadcast she will wisely ask a few students and asked them to make special an- from the different classes to plan with nouncemimts. They also enlisted the her. Together they will arrange to editors of the church page of daily have students participate. papers and supplied articles about the A Girl's Vesper Service Day of Prayer. Multigraphed letters were sent to every church. The secretary- of young women's work of one of the churches of Winni- The Program Committee adapted peg, Canada, took it upon herself to the program and made assignments. initiate plans for a young women's The girls who had part in the service service. She writes, "I took the ini- held a meeting of their own for retiative early last fall. I obtained the hearsal. To the last meeting of the names of the secretaries of young committees were invited representawomen's work in the Anglican, Pres- tives from all the churches, an attendbyterian, Baptist, Church of Christ ance of seventy-four. This gave and United Church-these together opportunity for the final check-up and with representatives from the Y. W. promotion. C. A., Girl's Work Board, and Baptist Young People's Union, I called to a "The Vesper Service was largElly meeting in my home early in January. attended. There was a vested choir of thirty-six teen-age girls. Immedi- "Enthusing these women and girls ately following the Day of Prayer a to take hold of this entirely new and committee was appointed to plan for untried idea was the hardest bit of the service in 1931."

work I did throughout. From this Visualizations small beginning we tried to widen our scope to include as many nationalities, Many groups feel that visualizing denominations, and clubs as possible; parts of the program helps greatly in this necessitated several meetings. interpreting the message.

"We think the whole success de- During the closing period of silent pended on the two large preparatory meditation and consecration in one meetings. At the first one, held in the church, the room was darkened and an Y. W. C. A., we had about sixteen illuminated cross shone out while the representatives of various organiza- organist played softly "When I Surtions present. There was a great deal vey the Wondrous Cross" followed, of telephoning before this meeting during silent prayer, by the hymn "0 not only to church groups but to na- Jesus I Have Promised," played softly tional groups and to clubs such as on the chimes.

Quota Club (a Business Women's Several groups used an offering Service Club), the Manitoba Teach- service visualizing the objects for which the offering was taken. These er's Federation, and the Manitoba As- are made available for other groups sociation of Graduate Nurses. At this desiring to use them in the future. meeting brief reports were given and They are entitled "A Vehicle of Proga ten-minute inspirational address on ress" and "An Offering Service" ei- Pentecost and the World Day of ther may be obtained from denomina- Prayer. At this meeting it was de- tional boards, 6 copies for 10 cents. cided that our service be a Vesper Service and Committees on Program, The young women of one city ef- Music, Decoration, PUblicity and Ex- fectively combined the Scripture re- tension were appointed. A Ukrainian sponsive reading with the secti~m young woman headed the Decorations "Jesus the Desire of All Nations" in

METHODS FOR WORKERS

last year's pr{)gram, in the following No mortal did invent it, But God by angels sent it, manner: The leader, a girl dressed in white S) deeD and earnest, yet S() sweet and plain. stood behind an altar on which lay a large open Bible with a row of tall The love that it revealeth lighted candles on either side. The All earthly sorrows healeth; national, dress,l!d in costume ap- They flee like mist before the break of proached the altar and looking up into day. .

the face Of the leader, made the ap- When, 0 my soul, thou learnest, This song of songs in earnest, peal-the leader answering in the words of Scripture. Thy cares and sorrows all shall pass away. An American Student-Many of us are not satisfied-everywhere we turn Leader-I will sing unto the Lord we see things that are not Christian. as long as I live. We have been looking at Christ ….. . we see that he has something to give I will sing praises to my God while us. We see that we need Him and we I have any being. want Him. Jesus said, These things have I Leader-In the last day, that great spoken unto you that my j{)y may be day of the feast, Jesus stood and cried in you and that your joy may be made saying, If any man thirst let him come full. unto me and drink. Blessed are they that hunger and thirst after righteous- Sing unto Jehovah a new song and ness for they shall be filled. His praise from the end of the earth; ye that go down to the sea, and all I am the bread of life; he that that is therein, the isles and the incometh to me shall never hunger. habitants thereof. Let the wilderness and the cities thereof lift up their Antiphonal Duet-Art Thou Weary. voice, the villages and the inhabitants A Japanese Student-I am looking thereof sing. for God; can you show Him to me? Leader-So it has been through all Gandhi of India-I have not yet the ages among all the races and na- found Him …… It is an unbroken tions of all lands. torture to me that I am still so far F10r this is life …… to know God. from Him. Philip saith unto him, Lord, show us the Father and it 8ufficeth us. Leader-The whole head is sick and Jesus saith unto him, He that hath the whole heart faint. From the sole seen me hath seen the Father. of the foot even unto the head there In Christ men have found God com- is no soundness in it; but wounds and ing out of the inaccessible distances bruises and putrifying sores. and drawing indescribably near. A Buddhist of China-All my life Jesus said, They that are whole I have been seeking light for my mind need not a physician, but they that and peace for my heart. I have tried are sick. I am come that they might Taoism, Confucianism, Buddhism in have life and that they might have it more abundantly. vain. Leader-Jesus said, I am the light Come unto me all ye that are weary and heavy laden and I will give you of the world, he that followeth me shall rest. not walk in darkness but shall have the light of life. The Children's Hour A Latin American Skeptic-You "For the first two years we held have a song in your heart; ……that only one central meeting for children is why we came to hear. A hidden in Rochester, N. Y. A circular letter voice sings "A Song in the Night." was sent to each church in the city asking that fifteen children from each There is a song so thrilling, Junior department of the Sunday- So far all songs excelling, school be appointed to represent them. We had at each of these meetings That he who sings it, sings it oft again. about one hundred children.

"For two years we have been hold- sonville, Florida. Try it in your coming meetings in four sections of the munity or through a near-by station. city. Early in the year I asked the pastors of four churches near the cen- Printed Material Available ter of each section for the use of their church auditoriums for our meetings. "A Call to Prayer" by Baroness We have always had a cordial response. Van Boetzellaer van Dubbledam, The Netherlands; a special "Call for "A circular letter was carried to Young People" by the same author, each church in the city by the council (both free with orders for p'rograms.) representative, who was responsible for getting the advertising acros,s in The Program-"Ye Shall Be My her church and Sunday-school. Witnesses," by Miss Kathleen Mac- Arthur of Toronto, Canada (2c, $1.75 "If the entertaining church had a per 100). Suggestions for leaders religious work director she, with the free with each order for programs. pastor's aid, attended to the church Special suggestions for young people invitations for the community, either also free. by telephone cr letter, enlisting the cooperation of all pastors and super- A Service of Consecration, "Lookintendents. ing Unto Jesus" by Miss Jean Paxton, of New York (10c, only two being "In one community, two years ago, needed). the pastor of the entertaining church asked the neighboring pastors to come A poster, new design in colors (10c). with their children and lead their groups in prayer. After the children's Seals for use on letters and envehour he called a meeting of the pas- lopes ($1.75 per 1,000, 25c per 100). tors and as a result there were regular community meetings during Lent with Separate sheet of pictures illustrata celebration of the Lord's Supper in ing the projects, same as used on prowhich Methodist, Baptist, Lutheran, gram, may be had free of charge, if Episcopalian, Presbyterian' and Evan- needed. gelical churches united. This union is still in operation for the best inter- "An Offering Service," "A Vehicle est of the community. of Progress" (another offering serv- ice) "A Praise Service." Any of these "Last March, although the rain fell may be had in mimeographed form, in torrents, over' four hundred chil- six copies for IOc. dren of different races representing about fifty churches attended the serv- Order from denominational Mis,sion ices. Children's choirs were used- Boards. simple programs prepared and printed containing prayers adapted for use by LIFE'S SEVEN STAGES children and linking them in friendship with the children of all lands and First Prize Demonstration for Receivraces." ing the Christmas Offering, Chautauqua, N. Y. On the Air By NELLIE E. KUHNS, Erie, Pa. Increasing number,s of radio stations are setting apart some period of The cast requires seven peI1sons as the day for broadcasting a brief serv- Christmas Spirits, with an interpreter ice. Frequently it is the morning de- and supporting characters-IS pervotional hour. In s'ome places it is the s'ons: The Interpreter, the Seven twilight hour. WEAF of New York Christmas Spirits; a very small girl; had a hook-up for a 15-minute Day of a school girl of eight; a girl graduate; Prayer service of eighteen stations two lovers; a mother with baby in from New York to Omaha, Nebraska, arms and smaIl child; a middle-aged and from Portland, Maine, to J ack- woman; and an old lady with white hair.

Christmas envelopes should be given out before this service which is held at the December auxiliary meeting

METHODS FOR WORKERS

when the Christmas offering is to be When the seven Spirits return with received. the offering let them turn and face the audience with the offering plates in Stage setting may be white back- their hands, while those behind them ground with holly wreaths. Soft music on the platform join with them and the may be used as curtain rises, and dur- audience in singing: "Christ for the ing intervals. World We Sing." (Curtain.) Interpreter: Seven Spirits of AN "ABSENT MEMBERS MEETING" Christmas are about to appear. They are the spirits that guide and care for By MRS. P. H. AUSTIN humanity at each of the seven stages of human life: babyhood, childhood, I heard a pastor say that he had youth, lovetime, motherhood, middle- been wondering as to what time of age, and those in the sunset glow. year his parishoners were at home; Each spirit will bring with her some- that in the winter most of them went one representative of our foreign to Florida, and in the summer most fields, of some phase of our work, of them were at the seashore. This standing for the seven stages of wom- set me to wondering just what method anhood we work to redeem and bless. was used, if any, to keep these folks in touch with the home church. And Enter Spirit clothed in crimson lead- then a suggestion came to me as to a ing tiny Japanese kindergarten child; plan for keeping in touch with our Spirit in orange follows with eight- missio.nary women who are away, so year-old school girl with bag of books; that they may realize we as an or- Spirit in green walks beside two lov- ganization, are interested in· them, ers (Hindu maid and man); Spirit in and at the same time guard against blue guides Chinese mother carrying their losing interest in us. baby and leading small child; Spirit in yellow walks beside college girl in Why not have an "Absent Members' cap and gown; Spirit in violet walks Meeting." Gather correspondence with a serious, middl&-aged Korean from those who are away. Ask these Bible-woman; while Spirit in silver to write newsy letters concerning leads a very old negro woman with their surroundings and activities. white hair, but with gay turban and Have excerpts made of personal letneckerchief. When all are upon the ters received by friends of the abplatform in semi-circle facing audi- sentees. Have a message to go. from ence they lead in singing: "In Christ the meeting to these folks and not There Is No East or West." through the secretary.

Interpreter advances and says: Another suggestion would be to "These seven stages of life in our nine- give time in regular meetings for mesteen foreign fields are helped and made sages from the Florida and seashore happy and useful by the offering in folks. This will create a spirit of our Christmas envelopes. Sometimes friendliness and of closer cooperation. they need kindergartens, sometimes day schools, here and there they need It would be practical to ask the aba college, or an industrial school for ,sentees to send back methods which widows, or an orphanage, or a baby- they have seen used in the churches fold and they look to our Christmas they are attending during their vacaoffering to make these things possible. tion time, a poem which they have The seven Christmas Spirits will wait found spiritually helpful, or perhaps, upon you for your offering." a new song.

(Let the Spirits in red and green *** lead the others in taking up the offering, while the ten persons remaining I know not the way I am going, on the platform lead the others in sing- But well do I know my Guide; ing: "Saviour, Thy Dying Love Thou Gavest Me," (verses 1, 3, 4). With child-like trust I give my hand To the mighty Friend at my side. -Ho,vergal.

WOMAN'S HOME AND FOREIGN

EDITED BY FLORENCE G. TYLER, 419 Fourth Avenue, New York, and FLORENCE E. QUINLAN, 105 East 22d Street, New York Executive Secretaries of the Federation of Woman's Boards of Foreign Missions and Council of Women for Home Missions SOME OF THE DELEGATES A'I' THlU IN'l'ERlIACIAI, CONIJ'ERIllNCE IN OBIllRLIN AT WORK FOR CHRISTIAN RACE that the common interests of the dele- RELATIONS gates were many and vital; and the committee which had been appointed By KATHERINE GARDNER to help "break the ice" had no work to do. Associate Secretary, Commission on the Church and Race Relations, Federal Council of The next impression is frankness. The purpose of these interracial con- 1~~y <;,~u;~~r~h~~c~h~~;,,~~,:g~e~·;l~tf.:~dof'i'i:":t Commission.

As one looks back on the Third ferences is to bring together denomi- Interracial Conference of Church national leaders f'Or a facing of prob- Women which was held last June at lems, for the discussion of pDlicies and Oberlin College, Ohio, under the aus- programs and for planning ways and pices of the Federal Council of means for carrying these out in the Churches there are three impressions denominations and IDeal communities.

that stand out with special distinct- At the opening session after a masness. The first of these is fellowship. terly 'Outline of the' general situation, In spite of the fact that the delegates given in a series of thumb-nail were divided racially, that they repre- sketches by Professor Edwin L. Clarke sented seventeen denominations and of Oberlin, the delegates brought out came from nineteen states, north and from their personal experiences simi- sDuth, there was a unity of spirit, a lar difficulties in the life of the church oneness of purpose and an atmosphere and analyzed these to see where and of friendliness frDm the very begin- how church women can become effec- ning of the conference. The small tive in bringing about better cDndi- groups that visited together between tions. These discussion periods were sessions in the comfortable lobby, out marked throughout by a spirit of ob- under the trees on the campus, or jective frankness, with'Out self-decepdowntown at the soda fountain, showed tion or sentimentality.

942 The third impression was the pro- We Recommend: That each local unit examine the groupings for interracial gram of action. The conference find- work to see whether the committees are adequately representative of all groups ings did not merely express the senti- concerned, and to discover ways in which their work can be influenced by the exments of the delegates but gave a perience of interested groups outside the membership of the committee so that the definite outline of work to be under- Interracial Committee shall have the confidence of the whole community. taken during the next two years. Ways of Work From the beginning it was made clear We believe that the best results come that this conference was not an end from meeting concrete situations in the community as they arise, rather than atin itself, but just a part of a long, con- tacking the question of race relations in the abstract or merely setting up special tinued, patient program of education events.

which stops every two years to meas- We need to study ways in which groups have arrived at successful solutions and ure the results accomplished and gath- ask the Women's Committee to make re- ports available to local groups. er fresh impetus and inspiration for We believe that the churches ought to the work ahead. The one hundred and be reminded of the importance of the work of groups of laymen in the developnine delegates who met at Oberlin ment of public opinion in regard to race relations, and in supporting individual went back to their homes, to their members of the church who may find themselves in critical positions in the communities, to their church responsi- life of the community.

bilities with the feeling that each one We believe that members of churches could increase the effectiveness of any had a definite share in the great task community enterprise if they would in- sist that the planning committee include of making America ChrIstian in Race representatives of all racial groups in- volved. Relations. We believe that local groups should Findings study ways in which public opinion may be influenced in regard to race relation- The Findings can best be interpreted ships. (For instance, the use of the by those who shared in the conference press.) experience. Each item in this program of study and action was wrought out We recognize that only by a long conin the spirit of friendly understanding tinued program of steady work which which controlled the discussions. persists despite temporary failure will our community life in its interracial re- In order to carry out this program we lationships measure up to Jesus' definishall have to find a way to bring about tion of the good life. effective participation by both national and local groups. The conference sug- The Conference authorized an urgests careful experimentation in cases gent request that arrangements be where there is joint responsibility. made for accommodation without dis- crimination for all delegates at the If the program of the next conference, North American Home Missions Contwo years hence, is built upon the study gress in Washington in December, and and action which follows the adoption that if such accommodations cannot of these findings, we shall then be able be provided the Congress be held in a to measure our progress and discover city where satisfactory arrangement new ways of work to meet new situations. can be made.

We Recommend: That we ask the What Can We Dol Women's Committee to interest a research organization in undertaking a Adopted by one denominational group before study of the policy and practice of the leaving Oberlin. denominations: We aim to use our denominational In their training of Negro leadership publications-state and national-to for church activities at home and abroad broadcast information about this conwith particular reference to problems involved in isolating racial groups; In relation to Negro women employed as missionaries at home and abroad with reference to opportunities for employment, qualifications of candidates, salary and living conditions, and opportunities for professional advancement.

We Commend the work of the Curriculum Committee in the criticism and preparation of material, and in securing Negro members on denominational curriculum committees and look for report of further progress at the next conference.

ference to show what is being accom- cemmittee. Every effort should be plished. made to have children 'Of all races and nationalities represented on the cem- We will do all we can to continue the mittee and on the program. The rep- effort to secure for all our Negro dele- resentative from each church would, gates, at all denominational meetings, of course, be responsible for interestequality of privilege and treatment as to ing the pa,stor and all those working hotel accommodations. with children in her church, both in Sunday school and in mission bands. We will study the question of race At the first meeting of the committee, representation on our curriculum and a subcommittee on publicity should be literature committees. appointed to care for newspaper pub- licity, posters to be distributed to all We will seek opportunities to report cooperating organizations, anneuncethis conference at local and state meet- ment of the meeting at children's ings. gatherings several times before the Day of Prayer, and all other publicity. We will urge all local Councils or Fed- These plans would be worked out in erations of church women to take active cooperation with the chairmen of the cognizance of the interracial movement young peDple's and the women',s comand to put into their programs a study mittees, to unify the whole observance. of local race relations. Let us remember this is a children's In order to push back the horizons of service and be sure the children have our denominational thinking, we will try a large share in the planning and the to further reading courses through trav- pregram. In addition to their having eling libraries and reading projects. charge of the musical selections, the presentation 'Of the projects and the of- We will urge local churches to stand fering as suggested belDW, they might behind the work of the Urban League be the ushers, perhaps dressed in co-sand National Association for the Ad- tumes 'of different nationalities. Envancement of· Colored People. courage the children to take the initia- tive in deciding time and place for the We will help to arouse a new apprecia- meeting, decoration, ferm and length tion of the achievements of the Negro of service, presiding officer, methods race. of publicity, etc. The majer responsi- bility should be in their hands se that We will seek to secure in church As- they will feel the observance is truly sociations and Federations equality of their own. status for Negro churches. In developing the program let us CHILDREN IN THE WORLD DAY build it areund the theme "Ye Shall Be My Witnesses," the ,same theme OF PRAYER that is being used by all Christians througheut the werld. It may be well Children in the World Day of to appoint a small committee to work on the pregram itself. Boyg and girls Prayer! What a day it would be if who have had experience in arranging children around the world "of every services for their own weekly meetrace and clime" could know about the ings will be helpful. World Day of Prayer and together unite in prayer for love, justice and Hymns familiar to the majority peace throughout the world. What it should be selected. There might be a cDuple of prayers to be read in unison would mean to the children! What it and also 'Opportunity fDr spontaneous would mean to the communities! What praying by the children. Impersona- tion 'Or dramatization will help in it would do in furthering the Kingdom making the hour interesting. In one of Ged on earth!

In arranging for the children's observance of the World Day of Prayer, plans should be made just as far in advance and with just as much thought and care as for the women's and young people's observances. If there is a chairman of children's work in the interdeneminational missionary federation, she is a logical person to chair the cvmmittee in charge. The children's worker in each church in the community, representatives 'of the Girl Sceuts, Boy Scouts, Girl Reserves, Camp Fire Girls and of all the various organizations ,should constitute the

WOMAN'S HOME AND FOREIGN BULLETIN

meeting last year "Art Thou Weary" Prayer: was sung antiphonally by two Negro young girls. One dressed as a pil- We thank Thee, Lord, whose care has grim or traveler carrying a lighted kept lantern came down the aisle singing as she came, being answered by one Our homes in safety while we slept, in the front of the room. In another And pray that through each long, long place, a pageant with children of many races assisting, helped to convey the day idea of world friendship. Some groups Thy loving hand will guide our way. have used the salute to the Christian In school, in play, be near us still, flag: "I pledge allegiance to my flag And make us wish to do Thy will. and to the Saviour for whose Kingdom it stands; one brotherhood uniting all Amen. mankind in service and love." Hymn: "Saviour, Like a Shepherd Lead As a climax to the program, an in- Us." (First verse.) teresting missionary story may be told by one who does this well and who has Prayer: That we may truly live as chila real appeal for children. The mis- dren of Jesus, thinking, speaking, sion boards can supply such material. doing as He would-in our com- "How the Artist Forgot Four Colors," munity. by Margaret Applegarth, in "Missionary Stories for Little Folks," is very At home, At play, appropriate. At school, At church.

A definite place should be given to Hymn: "Saviour, Like a Shepherd Lead the offering, for this is the part of the Us." (Second verse.) program in which the children have an opportunity to express their friend- (Sung by group of children of as many ship in a concrete way. Just before nationalities and races as possiblethe closing hymn is a good time. In dressed in costume.) order that the four projects will be understood, they may be presented by Prayer: That we may live as children of children dressed to represent a Mi- Jesus in our country. grant, an American Indian, a child from the Near or Far East, a student By being friendly to children of all from Japan, China or India. It may races, be found advisable, in order not to confuse the children with ,so many By being kind to the sick, projects, to choose one in the home" By sharing with the children who are land and one overseas for the offering and present those through story or poor, impersonation. By being true Christian citizens, By telling the story of Jesus to chil- Suggestive Program Outline dren who have never heard it.. Quiet music as children assemble. Hymn: "Saviour, Like a Shepherd Lead Call to worship. Us." (Third verse.) Leoadperra: ise the Lord, all ye nations; Prayer: That we may be true children of Jesus in the world. Praise Him, all ye people. Response: By being friends of children of all na- tions, For His merciful kindness is great toward us, By being appreciative of all the things And the truth of the Lord endureth their countries send ctuostuos~s of chil- forever. By understanding the dren of other lands, All : Praise ye the Lord. S By sharing Jesus with all the children of the world.

Hymn: Tune, ,"Tramp, TrllJUP, Tramp." Jesus loves th~· little children All the children of the world: Red and yellow, black and white- All ar e pre ctihoeu sl i titnl e Hcihsi lsdirgehnt ·~f the Jesus loves world.

Impersonations by four children dressed in aPl?ropriate costumes, showing nee?s III the four fields· especially deSIgnated for prayer and gifts: Women's Union Christian Colleges in Foreign Fields, th: ~:d~~fN:: ~~teC~~~~I.can be secured from

Christian Literature for Women and and has public opinion changed as to Children in Mission Fields, the desirability of the other?

Indian Work, What was the reason for not having Migrant Work. the House ratify treaties? Offering: Taken up by four chil?ren Why does "each vote against a treaty, who have given the impersonations. in the Senate, count double"? Why is it Hymn: "We've a Story to Tell to the "more difficult to conclude peace than to Nations." make war"?

Prayer: What was the result of Washington's Our Father as we've prayed today effort to carry out the constitutional pro- We've thought of children far away vision that he should obtain the "advice" In other lands across the sea; of the Senate? How is the Senate's "ad- Help us their loving friends to be. vice" on a treaty obtained now? Can Help all Thy children everywhere the Senate force the President to accept To share Thee and Thy loving care. its advice? Amen. Who chooses the emissaries who nego- EDITH E. LOWRY and tiate our treaties? What has sometimes guided this choice? What are the ad- VIRGINIA KAISER. vantages and objections to appointing Senators as negotiators? READERS' OOURSE How can amendments in the Senate Prepared by National Committee on the indirectly kill treaties? Do treaty Cause and Cure of War, RO<!ID 1116, Grand amendments require a majority or a Central Terminal Building, NE'w York. two-thirds vote? What is the attitude of foreign powers to amendments by the S'EOTION II- Senate? What new method was used by the Senate, to express its interpretation The Treaty Veto of The American Senate of a treaty, in the case of the Briand- by D. F. Fleming. Published by G. Kellogg Pact? Do you think this method P. Putnam's Sons. $3.00. preferable, and if so, why? Is the prac- Dr. Fleming's book has f!ve grea~ ~r­ tice of amending treaties increasing? What proportion of all treaties submittues' it deals with a subJect of IIVlllg ted to it has the Senate amended? Of significance: it is thoughtf.ully con- these, how many were killed by the ceived: it presents thE!; facts III O1:derly amendments? form: it is clearly written: and It arrrves at conclusions. Those who care How many treaties have been killed at all about the operation of the ~rea.ty,~ unconditionally by the Senate, i. e. othermaking power cannot afford to miss It. wise than by amendment? Of the twen- ty killed by the two-thirds requirement, —Charles A. Beard. how many would have been ratified if only a majority vote had been required? The Treaty Making Power.s of the Sfln- ate–Information Service, Foreign Fate of ATbitratiort Treaties Policy Association, 18 East 41st St,. New York, issued October 12, 1928. What special sectional interests are An excellent, easy reference upon the obstacles to the ratification of any arbi- most important points in the above tration treaties: In Maine? In the book. We recommend all readers to South? In California? possess themselves of it. 25c. What provision for the peaceful settle- Queationnalret ment of disputes was made in the Olney- Paunce/ote treaty of 1897? What did on the Senate exclude from arbitration? The Treaty Veto of the American Was the amended treaty ratified?

Senate What international event iIi 1899 gave Secretary Hay confidence that treaties Technique of Treaty Making of arbitration would be ratified by the Why did the men who wrote our Con- Senate? How did the Hay treaties dif- fer from the Olney-Pauncefote treaty? stitution fear a strong Executive? How did the Senate kill the treaties? What is the constitutional provh;ion What did Secretary Root concede in for treaty making; what is the function order to secure ratification of his tTeaof the President; of t,he Senate? . ties? ..

What two things dId the Convention What did the Senate claim a right to stress as "vital to successful diplomacy"? pass on, in the compromise? Has the plan adopted secured the one, What provisions for the peaceful set- ~n I appeared in October; Section III tlement of international disputes were added by the Taft tTeaties? What was wi¥'rhfleea~ui:Ae:riB or similar ones will be the attitude of Lodge and Roosevelt? What amendments were made in the on the program of the Conferpnce on the Cause Senate? Did the Senate then ratify? ani! Cure of War, January 19·22, 1931. Wash· Ington, D. C.; all delegates should be prepared to answer them.

What did the Bryan treaties provide? tion? What was President Coolidge's Were they arbitration treaties? Were view of this addition, as expressed in they ratified? How many nations signed his Armistice Day speech? What was them? our action on the proposal by the Powers, between September 1926 and February What advance was made in the Kel- 1928? logg-Bria,nd treaty of 1928? What was Senator Gillett's proposal? Sum up what the Senate is afraid to What was Secretary Kellogg'S reply to submit to arbitration. the Powers in 1929? What was Mr. Root's suggestion? Our Relation to the League of Nations What influence had the Russo-Japa- What is the present status with renese War on the peace movement in this gard to our entry into the Court? country? What two Americans were especially outstanding in the movement? GOLDEN RULE SUNDAY What three Americans figured most con- Golden Rule Sunday is to be obspicuously in the first public meeting of served again this year in behalf of the· the League to enforce peace? How early under-privileged children of the world. did the break between Lodge and Wilson Among the projects cited for interest occur? What was the attitude by Lodge and Roosevelt to Wilson's fourteen and gifts are the American Indian and points? the Migrant children of Qur land.

In the Commission on the League of All contributions especially desig- Nations, at the Peace Conference in nated will go in entirety to the proj- Paris, what was the most difficult matter to agree upon? What compromise word- ects named. It is hoped many groups, ing was finally adopted? communities and individuals will des- ignate these two projects. Did the Senate wait to give its "advice" until the Covenant was submitted to it? Did it, in spirit as well as in RURAL RECONSTRUCTION IN letter, leave to the President the direct INDIA contact with foreign powers? Did Wilson ever discuss the treaty with the For- The "Rural Reconstruction Unit" is eign Relations Committee? Did he make the goal of future endeavor among the any effort to meet the Senate's objec- Christian Churches in India working tions upon his return to Paris? for village development. To take ten or a dozen villages and place in the What was Senator Lodge's Round Robin, and how many Senators signed it?

How was the Covenant amended in midst it trained staff to care for eco- Paris? How did the request for amend- nomic uplift, religion, education, ments affect the President's influence in health, cooperation, agriculture, indusdiscussing the Treaty of Peace? tries, markets, etc., will revolutionize What did Artlcle 10 of the Covenant provide? Could we have been forced to our method and give us a "drive" tosend troops abroad without our consent? ward a more adequate and self-sup- Did it create a "super-state"? porting leadership in the Church in India. Concentration in a limited sec- After amending the Covenant, did the Senate ratify it? Did it receive a majority vote? tion, coupled with intensive effort, will The World Court render excellent results.

What move towards creating peace ma- At the call of the National Chris- chinery was promised in the Republican tian Council thirty delegates from platform of 1920? India, Burma, and Ceylon met for a discussion on rural reconstruction. What four reservations to the World Those who attended were intimately Court Protocol did Secretary Hughes propose?

How long did the Senate delay before aware of specific practical methods discussing it? and aims. The recommendations cen- What did the Republican platform of tered about the unit mentioned above. 1924 promise with regard to the World Court? What points were covered in the five KEEP THOU THY DREAMS reservations? What was Secretary Kel- Keep thou thy dreams, logg's answer to the request by the other powers that we explain what the reser- The tissue of all wings is woven first of vations meant? How many of the five them. reservations were accepted by the Conference of the Powers? What provision From dreams are made the precious and did they wish to add to the fifth reserva- imperishable things, Whose loveliness lives on and does not fade. -Selected.

AMERICA than evangelicism is building some-

Centennial of Bolivar thing to take its place."-Congrega- tionalist. VENEZUELA is making elaborate preparations to observe this month Awakening Latin America the centennial of the death of Simon Bolivar-one of the most important THE United States is facing figures in the hi,story of the New throughout Latin America the World-who freed Venezuela, Colom- greatest opportunity and responsibilbia, Ecuador, Peru and Bolivia from ity since it first sympathized with the Spanish rule. He visioned another many movements for Latin-American United States of America on the independence. Recent events, particsouthern continent, but unlike George ularly in Argentina, Peru and Bolivia, Washington, with whom he is fre- demonstrate that the people of the quently compared, he was forced to United States should stop patronizing build without supporters from the Latin America by sarca,gtic comment Scottish and English middle class, on "revolutions" and "instability." with their traditions of self-govern- Such a "holier-than-thou" attitude ment. It has taken many years of ed- should be supplanted by a realization ucation for the South Americans to that revolutions like those in the coun- approach our starting point. tries named are inevitable and nat- ural "evolutions" when economic and Evangelism in Latin America political conditions become intolera- LATIN AMERICA is just now in a ble. They express the inherent and po.sition where it is eager to know patriotic desire of the people for repthe real Christ. This is the opinion resentative and democratic govern- of those interpreters most familiar ment. They show stability of ideals with the conditions in South America and purposes, if not of immediate ad- -among them, Prof. Erasmo Braga, ministration.

the leading educator and evangelical People of the United States should layman of Brazil; Dr. John Mackay, awaken to the fact that the chief char- formerly a profes,sor in San Marcos acteristic of this new era is the new University and a lecturer before the leadership of the young throughout youth of university centers in South all Latin America. This youth move- America and Mexi~o; Dr. George P. ment begins with ambitious and pa- Howard, who has been conducting triotic students and reaches up crowded mass meetings in Bolivia, througl:! the younger element occupy- Argentina, and Chile; Dr. Vincente ing positions in governmental offices, Mendoza, pastor of a Methodist church newspapers, business and banking in Mexico City and editor of the Span- houses and educational institutions.

ish Journal of Religious Education; It is not only influencing but even and Dr. E. Stanley Jones of India, shaping the internal and external pol- who recently visited South America icies of the governments to a degree on an evangelistic tour. The oppor- never known before. For this reason tunity might be described as an in- the future of United States-Latin- terim when modern education is American relations will largely de- "wearing away Roman Catholic au- pend on awakening the interest and thority in South America fal' faster cooperation of this powerful element 948

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in developing permanent United pital was immediately cleaned and has States-Latin-American good-will. – functioned ,since the withdrawal of the John Barrett, in The New York Times. Communists.-New York Times.

CHINA Cihinese President Is Baptized as Christian Schools Forbidden to Ex- Christian hibit C,hristian Litera.ture GENERAL Chiang Kai Shek, Na- tional President of China, was THE Ministry of Education con- baptized a Christian, October 23, at siders that the religious books, Shanghai. The branch of the Chrispapers, magazines and pictures in the tian church into which he was bap- Christian school libraries calculated to tized is Methodist. stupefy the minds of the youth should be strictly forbidden, except those Chiang and his wife arrived early which have to do with selected courses that morning from Nanking. He went on religion related to the study of immediately to the home of his philosophy in senior middle schools and mother-in-law, Mrs. Soong, in the Inuniversities; all others have to be for- ternational Settlement, and there the bidden. simple ceremony was performed in the afternoon by the Rev. Z. T. Kuang, The Ministry of Education refuses Chinese pastor of the Young Allen passports to ,students who contemplate Memorial Church. going abroad and including religious subjects in their studies. The pastor asked the President whether he sincerely desired to become In the China Christian Advocate, a Christian. Chiang replied that he Rev. A. R. Kepler, General Secretary did, whereupon the pastor sprinkled of the Church of Christ in China, re- water upon the young President and ports the following experience- admitted him to the Christian church.

The ,sister of my Associate General Only a few intimates of the Presi- Secretary has been expecting to take dent attended the ceremony. They post-graduate study in America in re- included his brothers-in-law, T. V. ligious education. She made her ap- Soong, Minister of Finance, and T. L. plication to the Government for her Soong, chairman of the Whang-Poo passport. Today Dr. Fan, my col- Conservancy, and the Foreign Minleague, received a letter from the Min- ister, C. T. Wang. All are Christians. istry of Education, informing him that -New York Times. the Ministry will grant passports to students to study abroad ,only upon How Red Indians Prayed for Chinese the condition that they will not include any religious subjects in their Murderers 35 Year. Ago studies. This has become the fixed policy of the Ministry of Education. AMIDST the mingled feelings -Chinese Recorder, Shanghai, Sep- aroused by the tragic murder in te,mber. China of Miss Edith Nettleton and Miss Eleanor Harrison, the real spirit Yale-in-China of The Church Missionary Society and its supporters may be best expressed T HE buildings of Yale-in-China in by a prayer of some Indians in a C. Chang,sha, which were attacked by M. S. Mission in Northwest Canada Communi,sts recently, were damaged thirty-five years ago, when they heard less severely than was at first believed, of the terrible massacre at Hwasang, according to a statement issued by E. in the same Province of Fukien in Fay Campbell, executive secretary of which the latest martyrs have worked. the institution, at the local office in The Rev. R. W. Stewart, his wife and New Haven, Conn. The hospital was two children, and their nurse together entered, damaged and left in a filthy with six women missionaries of the condition, but the campus was un- C. M. S. and C. E. Z. M. S., had been touched, the statement said. The hos- done to death by a fanatical band call-

ing themselves Vegetarians. In his Economic Facts from Japan record of this tragedy, Dr. Eugene Stock, in his great "History of the THE first railway in Japan was C. M. S.," says that when the little opened in 1872. By 1887, there congregation of Indians received the was a mileage .of 641, and twelve thou- news they prayed: "Say it again, dear ,sand in 1929, with over a billion pas- Jesus. 'Father forgive them for they sengers in that year. The first Japaknow not what they do.' 0 Gracious nese-built steamer of 6,000 tons was Spirit, Thou art not quenched by blood. launched in 1898; yet by 1920, Japan's Let it make Thy garden soil strong merchant fleet of three million tons to grow Chinese believers in." ranked third among the world p.owers. The value of manufactured prodcuts Dr. Stock also recorded that the fact increased from 685 million dollars in that the C. M. S. asked for no com- 1914 to three and a half billions in pensation greatly impressed the Chi- 1927. This phenomenal economic prognese authorities. What the Society did ress has been made in the face of fordo was to hold a great meeting for midable obstacles. The country is so prayer for China in the old Exeter mountainous and the weather so ad- Hall, and within the next four years ver,se that only one-sixth of the land they secured nearly fifty recruits for area of Japan is under cultivation. the Fukien Provinee.-C. M. S. Bul- The average farm covers only two and letin. one-half acres, and the crops are con- stantly imperiled by flood, drought, JAPAN-KOREA frost, hail, and typhoon. The ratio of population to the amount of arable Commission on Higher Education to land is the densest in the world, three times that of Germany or India, and Japan twelve times that of the United States. Moreover, the supply of essential raw REPEATED representations from materials is dangerously inadequate. Japan as to the urgency and de- -American Friend. sirability ·of the Educational Commission projected for that country pro- S:ignificant Items from Korea ceeding during this year have led the Committee of Reference and Counsel to ONE of the best taxi drivers in authorize a subcommittee to make ar- Seoul, as well as one of the most rangements for this Commission. The successful, is a young Korean woman. scope of the Commission will include She owns her own car. both collegiate and intermediate school education, and for both women and The average Church attendance is men. It will include theological edu- more than double the membership. cation as well. Effort is being made to secure Christian educators of outstand- The special emphasis which has been ing position in the United States who given Sunday school work is shown by will be competent to deal with the the fact that such schools have inproblems raised in the largest Chris- creased 227% and the membership tian spirit, as well as with the most 215%, in ten year,s. excellent educational background. Invitations have been issued to member- Aside from missionaries' salary and ship on the Commission, but none of travel expense, the cost to the mission these has yet been accepted. Plans for each new communicant received are proceeding for the financing of during the year, was about $74.00. the Commission's activities, and it is hoped that arrangements can be made Although the number of missionfor it to sail early in 1931. The sub- aries has increased only 34% in ten committee charged with the task of years, the number added on confession arranging for this matter consists of of faith has increased 159% in 1930 Dr. Robert E. Speer, Dr. John R. over the number received in 1920. Matt and Dr. R. E. Diffendorfer. During the ten years under con- sideration, the number of missionaries has increased 34% while the number

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of ordained native pastors increased the "Chauncey Maples," named after 73%. the bishop who lost his life in the lake after nineteen years' service, has been When figures call your attention to sailing the,se waters since 1901. Few the 62% increase in church buildings, craft, including the government boats, please remember that the Korea Mis- will face the perilous and choppy sion has nothing in its budget to as- crossings between the east and west sist in this work. The 57% added com- shores that the "Chauncey Maples" municants are responsible for these still regularly performs. This boat additional churches. was originally not only a means of transport but was used as a floating Perhaps the most encouraging single training college for African students. item in the accompanying comparison of results, is the increase in organized Innumerable are the smaller boats churches from 74 to 138 in ten years. used by practically every missionary -From the Rev. M. L. Swinehart, society. They cruise among the creeks Seoul, Korea. of West Africa, the coast of New Guinea, or, like Dr. Albert Schweit- AFRICA zer's "The Thank You," the gift of Sweden's women, they are to be seen A Successful Union in Sierra Leone on equatorial rivers.-H. W. Peet.

FOURAH BAY COLLEGE is a good Scientists Visit Moravian Station illustration of cooperation in Christian education. On the staff at pres- ON JULY 9 the whole body of the ent are four Anglicans, one Wesleyan, South African Association of one United Methodist, and one Bap- Science set out to visit the old-time tist; and the support comes from the Moravian Mission Station of Genaden- C. M. S., the Wesleyan Methodist So- dal, where some 4,000 colored folk pass ciety, a government grant, an African their lives in quiet content, cut off legacy, and college revenue. from the world at large.

An old student, who took last year As the fleet of twenty-five motorthe London B.A. degree, has further cars threaded its way thl'ough the vildistinguished himself by appearing at lage street, children ran to the roadthe head of the list in the first year side shouting, faces appeared at doors course at the College of Medicine of and windows, for never yet did such Durham University, and in conse- an avalanche of cars descend upon quence being awarded a scholarship. this peaceful settlement. The visitors Canon Horstead says that this success were received by the European minwas "achieved after the very minimum ister in charge. Here hundreds of the of science training in Africa and al- inhabitants of all ages congregated to most the minimum of time in Eng- be present at the arrival of "die geleland."-C. M. S. Outlook. erde mense" (the learned people). In homely language the minister wel- Missionary Boats in Africa comed the scientists, and gave a brief historical survey of the founding of NYASA in Central Africa may be a the settlement, which dates back to lake, but tough seamen will tell 1737. It is a curious coincidence that you they have been seasick on these the day of the visit, July 9, was the waters when they have never been ill anniversary of the actual date of the elsewhere. The first ship of peace to landing at the Cape, in 1737, of the sail on this lake was the "lIala," which first Moravian missionary. The min- Dr. Robert Laws, following Living- ister told of a certain oolored convert, stone's steps, took there in ,sections in a woman named Lena, who had proved 1875. The "lIala" is no more, but the to be a real "Lady with a lamp!" For "Charles Janson," relaunched on the many years when there was no Eurolake in 1885, is still in commi8sion pean pastor at the station she kept for the Universities' Mission to Central Africa. She sank two years ago, but was salvaged. Her bigger sister,

alive the light of the Gospel. The man who "had great authority" under little Bible given to her.by the depart- Queen Candace, who went to Jerusaing missionary in 1744 is still among lem "for to worship" and who on his the sacred treasures of the community. way back to Ethiopia went down into -From the Cape Times in Moravian the water with Philip and was bap- Missions. tized.-New York Times.

Haile Selassie, Emperor NORTH AMERICA I F THE Queen of Sheba could be- Cooperative Adult Edueation hold the million-dollar crowns of gold which were placed, October 21, I T IS interesting that the biggest coupon the heads of her reputed de- herent adult education enterprise scendants in Abyssinia, and witness in the United States concerns rural the ceremonious splendor of the hom- life. The Oooperative Extension Servage paid to her country that has now ice in Agriculture and Home Econombeen admitted to a seat among inde- ics, in every state in the Union, empendent nations, she might be expected ploys 5,800 trained men and women to exclaim, as she did in the presence who serve as agricultural agents, of Solomon's glory, that the half had borne demonstration agents and spenot been told her. But when it is re- ciaiists. The system, including the membered thllt one of her gifts to United States Department of Agricul- Solomon amounted to approximately ture and the state extension services $4,000,000, in addition to spices of in agriculture and home economics, great abundance and precious stones, has a total budget for this year of the crowns of gold and the Kaiser Wil- nearly $24,000,000. It includes not helm coach and the gifts which the only the paid professional staff, but Duke of Gloucester has borne from the also 273,000 volunteer leaders and layonly other Emperor in the West would teachers. The method of work is seem meager to her, however lavish in democratic; needs are appraised, prothe eyes of a modern democracy. grams are made and in large part car- ried out by men and women in the With all this Oriental show, the eyes businesses of farming and horne-makof the new Emperor look toward the ing. Action is coupled with learning. West. He is given credit for securing –Outlook of Missions. the admission ·of his country to the League of Nations and for bringing Lutheran Radio Programs slavery toward its end. He has introduced European teaching in the CONVINCED that religion can be schools of his capital and has sent made a vital concern to men even young Abyssinians to America and during the week, the Lutheran Church Europe for their education in Western is undertaking a new and ambitious ways. He has built roads and shown experiment in religious radio by initihospitality to modern enterprises and ating a series of religious mid-weekly Occidental ideas. broadcasts during the so-called "amusement hours." The program is Though Christianity was not adopt- known as the Lutheran Hour and goes ed before the fourth century, the first on the air over a thirty-four-station, dweller in that part of the world to coast-to-coast hook-up of the Columbia be baptized as a Christian was the Broadcasting System every Thursday treasurer of Queen Candace, whom night at ten o'clock Eastern time. Philip saw sitting and reading in his Other stations will be added in the near future. It is estimated that the chariot on the road to Gaza. So the cost of the project will be approxi- Emperor who kept vigil in meditation mately a quarter of a million dollars and prayer at St. George's Cathedral at a year. The necessary money is being Addis Ababa should have recalled in raised largely through free-will ofhis litany of thanksgiving not only the Queen of Sheba but also the nameless

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

fering,s by members 'Of the Lutheran nDt allow any liquor in their tDwn, Laymen's League and the InternatiDn- nDr would they gD to war. In the oode al Walther League, respectively the 'Of rules adDpted August, 1772, Article 'Official lay and YDuth organizatiDns 'Of 13 was as fDllDws: "We will nDt admit the Lutheran SynDdical CDnference 'Of rum Dr any 'Other intoxicating liquDrs North America. ND sDlicitation fDr intD our towns. If strangers Dr trad- funds will be 'Over the air during the ers bring intDxicating liquDr, the help- programs.-Ch~trchman. ers shall take it from them and nDt restore it until the 'Owners are ready Pioneer Mission in Ohio tD leave the place." A little later they T HE stDry 'Of the Moravian Indian adopted Article 19: "We will nDt gD Mission at Schoenbrunn is a 'StDry to war, and will nDt buy anything 'Of 'Of Christian herDism, rDmance, pathos warriDrs taken in war."-Joseph E.

and tragedy. We.inland, in Booklet.

TD David Zeisberger, John Hecke- welder and their brave coworkers, be- Government Recognizes Negro Educa- longs the credit of blazing the way tion T thrDugh the primeval fDrest, building HE American churches early recDg- nized that the emancipatiDn of the here the fiflst town in OhiD, and here establishing a piDneer center for the slaves brought upon them a special teaching and applicatiDn of the simple prDblem, a duty and an DPPDrtunity.

Gospel 'Of Christ. The Congregationalists, MethDdists, It was 'On May 3, 1772, that Zeis- Baptists, Presbyterians and others berger and a small cDmpany of Chris- have cultivated this field with intel- tian Indians arrived at the Big Spring, ligence, liberal gifts of money and and began the erectiDn of temporary cDnsecrated teachers, and with a large dwellings. On August 23d, an addi- measure 'Of success.

tiDnal cDmpany 'Of Indian converts and The Federal Government, on the their families, numbering over 200 other hand, has lagged behind the sDuls, arrived under the directi'on 'Of churches in fulfilling its educational the Rev. JDhn Heckewelder and the obligatiDn tD this handicapped pDpula- Rev. John Ettwein. At the end of the tiDn group. Yet there seems tD be a next year the tDwn oonsisted 'Of 60 new spirit mDving in WashingtDn, fDr hDuses of hewn timber, besides huts it is annDunced that the Secretary of and lodges; a church forty feet by the InteriDr, 'On the recDmmendation thirty-six feet, and a schDolhDuse. 'Of the Commissioner 'Of Education, has apPDinted a DirectDr 'Of Negro Educa- These Delaware Christian Indians tiDn. The appointee, a Negro, Dr. came with their missiDnaries frDm AmbrDse Caliver, is a native of Virtheir fDrmer MissiDn Towns in Penn- ginia, a graduate 'Of Knoxville CDllege, sylvania, which they had been forced and the University of Wisconsin. He tD vacate because 'Of the encroachments has studied at Tuskegee, Harvard, and 'Of unprincipled whites. Many of these Columbia, and has had broad experi- Indians had their faith tested again ence as a teacher and in social and and again by fire and sword, and thrill- civic work among his race. Until reing indeed will be the stDry of their cently he was dean of Fisk University. lDyalty to Christ amid all the persecutions they endured, when this story Secretary Wilbur of the Department is fully tDld. These rrllssionaries be- of the Interior, in announcing the lDnged to a bDdy which was Protestant creation of the new division of Negro befDre the Reformation. Education, outlines the activities which it will CDver as follows: In reality also the missionaries and their converts at Schoenbrunn formed In realizing these purpDses, the 'Office the first Temperance SDciety and the will endeavor to collect facts 'Of aU kinds first Peace Society west 'Of the Al- bearing directly on NegrD educatiDn, and leghenyMDuntains for they wDuld make pertiomc digests 'Of educatiDnal

literature dealing with or which may be December ses·sion, when it will elect of use to Negro education. The specialist a bishop. He adds: in this office will visit schools and communities throughout the country; make I can name six ordained Indian men contacts with school officials and others who, for India, could be bishops the equal who are interested in Negro education; of the average American bishop. Five attend and address meetings of educa- of these six could tour America and in tional and other organizations on topics the English language represent Indian relating to his specialty; and will act Methodism at its best and highest. They as consultant on Negro education with would be received in American homes, educators and others desiring his serv- institutions, and conferences as cultured, ices. In performing his duties the spe- intelligent and effective leaders. I could cialist will endeavor to confer with and name a second list of seven who under utilize the services of specially qualified the pressure of necessity, such as has persons in the various fields throughout arisen in all ages and organizations, the country; and will attempt to focus could take the task of episcopal leaderon the problems of Negro education all ship and do creditable service. These of the expert knowledge, techniques and two lists are actual and not imaginary. educational forces available in the na- I have carefully set down their names in tion. writing at my desk and have prayer- -Christian Advocate. fully considered their characteristics, in the light of my twenty-six years of Plans for Home Missions Congress knowledge of these men. Every forward- looking, free-minded, prominent Method- ANNOUNCEMENT has been made ist missionary or Indian, familiar with our Indian constitutency, could easily 1"1 of the arrangements for the guess the first six.

Nmth American Home Missions Con- -Christian Advocate. gress for which preparation has been made for nearly two years. The out- For_an Christian College Plans standing facts as outlined by Dr. William R. King, Executive Secretary, THE F'Orman Christian College at are as follows: Lah'Ore, India, has large plans for the future. The College has nearly The dates are December 1-5, 1930. eleven hundred students, forty-five The place of meeting is the Calvary professors and instructors, and occu- Baptist Church, Washington, D. C. pies a site of about fourteen acres in the center of the city. The Presby- The objectives are to consider what terian Church, U. S. A., and the Methis the home missions task, how it odist Episc'Opal Church (North) are should be administered, how it should united in the sUPP'Ort and management be promoted, and how the denomina- of the College. The new plans inv'Olve tions should cooperate in the task. transfer to a two hundred acre site 'On the 'Outskirts of the city ab'Out f'Our The attendance is to be limited to miles distant. The present pr'Operty about 500 official delegates and 300 as- is very valuable and the proceeds from sociate delegates, designated by the its sale are to be invested in the new denominations constituent to the plant. Ten halls 'Of residence will Home Missions Council, the Council house 600 students and there will be of Women for Home Missions and the about thirty residences for teachers. Federal Council of the Churches of The chapel will be the central build- Christ in America, the three bodies ing, and we earnestly hope that the under whose auspices the Congress is spirit of worship, fellowship and servto be held. ice will dominate the whole c'Ollege life. INDIA Lahore, the capital of the Punjab, Bishop-Tbnber in India is a rapidly growing city 'Of more than 300,000 pe'Ople. It is the greatest stu- BISHOP Fred B. Fisher, now sup- dent center in India outside of Cal- ply pastor (If First Church, Ann cutta. There are eight art college·s Arbor, Mich., formerly Bishop of Cal- and seven professional, with between cutta Area, opposes the suggestion that the Southern Asia Central Conference would do well to choose a missionary rather than a national at its

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

6,000 and 7,000 students. Forman Christians who are in a minority in College has about 600 Hindu, 250 Mo- the country. The Palestine Arah Ex- hammedan, 200 Sikh and 50 Christian ecutive, the memorial adds, has not students. We plan for no distinctions a right to act or speak in the name of any kind. Hindus, Moslems and of the Christians here.-New York Christians will live in the same dor- Times. mitories. If India's future depends upon leadeyship, then that leadership Islamic Disintegra.tion above all requires character. This is a day in which religion should be in- "THE solidarity of Islam" is an timately associated with education in expression which should never the training of Indian youth. be found in the thought or speech of Above all, the new college aims to a Christian missionary. Too often emphasize the need for Christ in each have church and convention platforms life-and in our common life and in been given to propagators of a spirit the national life of India. We desire of unbelief in the possibilities of work your prayers and your interest in the among Moslems by referring to Islam new Forman Christian College at La- as a "solid rock." Such an attitude is hore.-President Edmund D. Lucas in not conducive to faith, zeal and in- Women and Missions. vestment in the missionary enterprise.

Ta.gore on OpiUDl Curse Mohammedan leaders admit the lack of Islamic unity. Islam never will be I DEEPLY fet'll in my mind the shame united again. The dismembering of and sorrow of India at being made the Turkish Empire went far to break to act as an agent in smothering with down that religious cohesion of the moral poison the humanity of -some of Moslem world which was the secret of those great peoples whom, in a more its power. With the passing of fortunate period of her history, she Turkey from the place of Moslem leadsupplied with the healing gift of truth. ership went the potency of the Cali- And therefore, all the more gratefully phate. The writer was deeply im- I join my voice to the chorus of con- pressed several years ago by the demnation against the opium traffic message of an experienced missionary raised by the noble band of workers in Palestine who told about the diffiwho are -struggling to clean the his- culties encountered in preaching under tory of man of one of the darkest Turkish regime. Missionaries in that stains which is the most difficult one very locality have now all the opporto efface.-Rabindranath Tagore, Gen- tunities to preach that they can use, eva, Aug. 25, 1930. Letter to Captain and more. The veteran missionary Richmond P. Hobson, President of the hILS lived to baptize Moslem converts International Narcotic Education As- where formerly no man would speak sociation. to him about Christ.

WESTERN ASIA The wall of Moslem unbelief has not been broken down, of course, but there Christians Ask British Not to Quit are plenty of cracks in it. To -say that it still presents a solid front is no Palestine longer correct. Persia, the fair land that fell an early prey to the Moham- BEFORE Dr. Drummond Shiels, medan sword, is now the scene of a Under-Secretary for the Colonies, great spiritual movement. Hundred-s left Palestine October 15, the Society of Mohammedans have accepted Christ of Young Christians handed to him a as their Saviour. Other eastern counlong memorial in which they protested tries can testify that in them also "a against the Moslem demands fur the people for His Name" has been abolition of the British mandate in brought to the pierced feet of Jesus. Palestine. -John R. Turnbull in World Domin- ion. The Palestine Christians are greatly in faV'or of the British mandate because this is the only security for the

Turkey and Greeee Abandon War a people whose poverty allows only minimum demands upon the market. Holiday_ Meat is scarce because farmers slaugh- tered their cattle before entering the ASTEP .of special imp.ortance in in- collectives. Cattle are only 86 per ternati.onal affairs was taken re- cent of the pre-war stand. There is a cently by Greece and Turkey, when shortage of fish, for which one can they mutually agreed t.o discontinue find no real explanation. It is almost h.olidays in their respective c.ountries impossible t.o obtain shoes because which had been Clevel.oping ill-will and hides are as scarce as meat. Furniture hatred. Since the reoccupati.on of seems available only in -second hand Smyrna by the Turks in 1922, each an- markets, and the indescribable assortniversary .of the capture has been ment of "junk" on sale in such markets widely observed in western Turkey. reveal how much little beyond bare ne- The day revived memories of the cessities in food and clothing is being Grreco-Turkish war; it made fresh produced in Russia. old hatreds and in general became a grand time to rattle the sabre. Greece, A woman physician whose income on her part, had a day of mourning amounts to fifty-five dollars per month, for the loss of Smyrna when, again, and whose real income after dues, fuel was piled on the flames of the taxes and forced government loans are old Turko-Greek feud. But the two na- subtracted is only twenty-seven doltions have liquidated their differences lars, reports that she must hire a maid and -signed a treaty of friendship. The for the purpose of standing in food two governments have further dis- lines for her and she estimates that cussed h.oW t.o devel.oP closer relations. it requires six hours per day to secure Since these tW.o h.olidays tended t.o only bare necessities.-Christian Cenbuild ill-will rather than g-o.od-will it tury. was mutually agreed to di-scontinue them after this year. Dr. Mott'. Conferences in Great That such a move can be made in the Britain Near East speaks much f.or the new mentality that is developing there. It DR. JOHN R. MOTT'S report of his is another illustration that practical experiences in Great Britain in -statesmen, even where .such bitter- meeting -students and laymen interestness has reigned between national and ed in missionary work-indicates that religious groups, can appreciate the the field problems which are giving nece&sity of building constructively most concern to the British boards infor peace.-Christian Century. cluded education and literature, and the evangelistic m.ovements in Japan, EUROPE China and India. Some of the prob- lems that emerged m.ost strongly in his Dr. Reinhold Niebuhr on Runia many conferences with both the stu- dent and lay groups were: rfHE doubts which arise in the minds .of foreign observers, among How to develop a dependable eco- nomic base for what we see coming. which we consulted many technicians and specialists whom Russia is em- How to get more of tlie front line ploying by the hundreds, relate to the men and women to hear the call and reefficiency rather than the energy with spond. which the Russian experiment is being undertaken. A superficial view How to give an adequate interpretaof the RU&sian scene seems in fact to tion that will arrest the attention and yield one outstanding impression of stir the whole being of the people who inefficiency. The endless queues of must be lifted and moved if we are waiting people bef.ore every store to accompli.sh greater things. show that producti.on and distributi.on are inadequate even to the needs of How can we enlist the men and women of largest affairs who have Christian relationship but are now

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

negligible as a force in this work of bility for maintenance and supervision Christ. of the schools is thus incumbent upon the church. How to multiply the number of apologetic pens and voices for a time ISLANDS like this. Lepers at Oulion. Philippines Dr. Mott stressed very strongly the feeling that he found again and again No MORE called the Island of Death the great desirability of a larger de- it is now named both privately gree of unity and cooperation in mis- and in the press, "The Island of Hope." sion work. And we are glad to notice, that in- stead of being brought by main force, Jugoslarian Ohureh Stabilized as in the days gone by, patients ask to be sent here; so many more seem to THE church situation in Jugoslavia recover in Culion than in any of the has been stabilized through the pas- other leprosariums. Of course with sage of the new law signed by the the number of doctors and nurses and King, chartering both Lutheran and all the best facilities both as to hos- Reformed churches. The charter calls pitalization and general treatment, for the estabJi.shment of independent and with an unexcelled laboratory, it Lutheran organizations using the Ger- ought to be so. Millions have been exman tongue Jind the Slovak tongue, the pended in equipment. Protestant Church 'outside of the Lutheran being established as a single The physical aspects of the colony Reformed unit. have also materially improved, more adequate housing and much better Particular features of the new law buildings are being added constantly, include the right of the Church to ac- and the new roads are opening the quire and hold property, the granting island's interior, so that a good many to the Lutheran Church of the Augs- autos, mostly converted into jitneys, burg Confession a periodical subsidy are giving the people a chance to get from the State, the amount of which away from the rather crowded center must be recommended by the church of Culion, and this has added to the authorities to the Ministers of Finance general well-being. and Education for inclusion in the budget of the Government. Church We have for some years had two buildings, structures used f,or humani- country chapels for those of our memtarian and cultural purposes, the bers that have moved out, and the bi.shop's headquarters and parish number is steadily growing, though houses and parsonages are exempt it does not seem to affect the number from all taxes and imposts. The elec- attending the main church. tion of the head of the Church must be corufirmed by the King. The pas- Many of our best workers have been tors are exempt from any sort of civil able to return to their homes this year. service which may be considered in One dear deaconess had brought 19 opposition to the teachings of their re- souls to Christ in the two years since ligion. she was converted, and the others had all been used to the measure of their Religious instruction is imparted by gifts. One deaconess has been able to the pastor and, in case there is no pas- bring her whole family and many tor, by an acknowledged teacher of the neighbors to Christ, since she returned Lutheran faith. The Minister of Edu- home. Others are writing hopefully cation outlines a plan for religious in- of their efforts in the same direction struction in agreement with the stand- from a number of provinces. Thank ards of the Board of Education. The God, while we miss them greatly here, creation of parochial schools is de- the Lord is using them elsewhere, and termined by the church authorities He gives us the privilege of always subject, naturally, to confirmation by having eagerly attended training the Ministry of Education. Responsi- classes for new workers. One brother,

an elder, was a long while Sunday- work has prospered and made an school superintendent in his home amazingly large contribution to the church, and has been offered the pas- Oriental life of Hawaii. Within the torate. From Davao in the south to past ten year,s, 2,680 adults and 7,010 the furtherest part of the north they children have been baptized, and go, and God goes with them. We are $364,000 actually invested in church so thankful for the privilege God gives and parsonage property, a considerus to bring these dear ones to Him and able portion of that sum being raised to prepare them to be living witnesses locally.-Jay S. Stowell, in the Chrisfor ,our Master.-P.F. Jansen, in The tian Advocate. Philippine Presbyterian. GENERAL Missions in Hawaii " 0 "One Book for All People" NE Book for All People" is the ON A day in April 1820, there ap- theme for Universal Bible Sun- peared off the shores of the Sand- day, which occurs this year on Dewich Islands a boat carrying fourteen cember 7. The American Bible So- Congregational missionaries. Within ciety has mailed to thousands of pasthree months of their arrival they had tors throughout the United States the king himself reading the New an interesting brochure on this theme. Testament in English, and in a short by the Rev. James I. Vance, D.D., pastime, with the aid of a passing mis- tor of the First Presbyterian Church sionary from the South Sea Islands, of Nashville. Universal Bible Sunday they had reduced the native language aims through directing attention to to writing, and the printing press its notable passages, its majestic literwith which they were equipped was ature, and its sacred message to deturning out not only Webster's spell- velop a greater dependence upon it ing book in English, but an Hawaiian recognizing it to be preeminently the primer, the Sermon on the Mount, the "One Book for All People." Gospels, and finally the entire New Testament in the Hawaiian language. Faith and Order COllllllittee Meet The forty years of Hawaiian history THE Continuation Committee of the following 1860 were for the most part Faith and Order Conference conyears of reaction and change. In 1862 vened in Murren, Switzerland, August more than one-third of the Hawaiians 26-29. Strong men, and busy men, were church members; forty years were there who were willing to give later (1902) only one-tenth. In the their time and thought in serious busimeantime, large numbers of non- ness. Whatever lethargy and indif- Christian Orientals had found their ference to Faith and Order there may way to Hawaii, particularly after be among the rank and file of the 1876, when a reciprocity treaty with Christian communions, there is no the United States rendered the sugar doubt of the earnestness and strength industry profitable. At that time the of conviction on the part of some of total population of the islands was the great leaders of Christendom toonly about 57,000, the Hawaiians hav- day. From the prominent communions, ing greatly decreased in numbers, a east and west, Orthodox and Free circumstance which should not be Church, came men who believed in charged to the missionaries, as the this thing and who,se spirit could not native decrease had been amazing dur- be quenched by temporary repulses or ing the forty-two years of pre-mission- delays. One could not meet and hear ary contact with the white man',s dis- these men without being conscious of eases and vices. their earnestness, vision, courtesy and For a generation now the Methodist faith-yes and their infinite patience Episcopal Church has been specializ- and love. . . . Unanimously it was de- .'i~g in Oriental work in Hawaii. The cided to begin plans looking forward

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

to another world conference to be held The Life and Work Committee not later than 1937. It was the most important action at MUrren. This is THE meeting at Chexbres, Switzer- a spur to the investigations of the land, in September, of the Continu- various commissions now at work. It ation Committee of the Stockholm will focus the attention of the Chris- Conference 'On Christian Life and tian world on this quest for unity- Work, was attended by more than 75 in which quest some of us believe with representatives of world-wide church all our hearts.-Bishop Warren L. Rog- groups. The Lord Bishop of Win- ers, in The Churchman. chester, acting as chairman of the Executive Committee, played a very Eva Clark Waid Memorial Fund for important role. The Lord Bishop of Chichester, Dr. Bell, whose services as World Peace Secretary of the Lambeth Conference alone would entitle him to wide recog- THE Eva Clark Waid Memorial nition, likewise contributed mU.£h. So Fund for World Peace, which the did many others, including Bishop Am- Council of Women for Home Missions mundsen of Denmark (this year's is raising, has been growing through preacher at the League of Nations), the summer months but is yet far Archibishop SOderblom of Sweden, Dr. from the $10,000 goal. Now that the William P. Merrill, Bishop Warren S. busy season for Christian work is Rogers and Dr. S. Parkes Cadman of here again, friends .of the cause of the United States, Professor Wilfred peace may show their love and loyalty Monod and Pastor J ezequel of France, by sending a gift to add to resources Dr. Adolf Deissmann, Dr. Stange, Dr. for spreading knowledge of the ac- Siegmund-Schultze and Dr. Hinderer c'Omplishments and things yet to be of Germany, Professor Alivasatos of accomplished in the establishment of Greece, Professor Choisy of Switzer- peace on earth and goodwill to men. land, and Dr. G. F. Barbour of Scot- land. It was a meeting in which, in Wars and rumors of war from near spite of many debates revealing dif- at hand and from the utterm'Ost part ferences, practically all important ac- of the earth bring to us a realization tions were finally unanimous. that the "King's business requireth haste." This part 'Of "the King's busi- As its name implies, the Life .and ness" can be best furthered by edu- Work Movement, which came into be- cating people away from war psy- ing through the memorable conference ch'Ology to thoughts of peace. at Stockholm in 1925, concentrates on the practical tasks of the churches. One of the finest agencies to ac- In it practically all of Protestantism, complish the desired result is the Na- the Anglican churches, and the Orthoti.onal Committee on the Cause and dox bodies of Europe are united to a Cure of War, which will hold its next degree nowhere else realized in of- Conference in Washington from Janu- ficial bodies. ary 19th to 22d. At that time the absence of our afore-time leader, Mrs. What the League of Nations is in Waid will be felt keenly. Her wise the realm of politics, the Life and judgment, brilliant mind and buoyant Work Movement must become in .the faith will be s'Orely missed. It would realm of church cooperation. The cause be a real satisfaction to lovers of of peace, as well as the all-embracing world peace, and to her personal cause of the Kingdom, demands infriends as well, if the announcement creasing practical m.oves in the direcof the completion of the fund -bearing tion of this kind of international her name could be made at that time. Christian cooperation. Its cost is re- latively small; its product is already Gifts, large or small, may be sent significant; its promise is distinctly to the Council of Women for Horne heartening to lovers of the universal Missions, 105 East 22d Street, New Christ.-Henry S. Leiper. York.-Florence E. Quinlan, Secretary.

WORTH

Any books mentioned in theBe columns will be forwarded by us on receipt of price.-THE REVIEW.

G. Campbell Morgan, the Man and His Prayer. By W. E. Orchard. 135 pp. Ministry. By John Harries. 252 pp. $1.25. Harper. New York. $2.50. Revell. New York. There cannot be too many good Campbell Morgan is one of the nota- books on prayer. And this is a good ble preachers of this generation. No one. The famous London preacher has other living minister has been heard some peculiar ideas on other subjects, by more people of all denominations but this little volume shows that he and in a larger number of cities in knows prayer. He discusses its phi- America and Great Britain. He repre- losophy, practice and power, its thesents a type of which Protestantism oretical and practical difficulties, and does not have enough and for which, the various forms of intercessory, unfortunately, it makes no official pro- mental and mystical prayer. He brings vision-namely a mini,ster of excep- the reader into the inner chamber of tional pulpit power, freed from the Christian experience, face to face with parochial exactions of a local pastorate Christ. The book can be carried in a and devoted to a ministry at large. pocket and read with profit at a;}y Great preachers are few and should available time. not be monopolized by rich city congregations but should be used for a wider Affirmations of Christian Belief. By Herapostolic ,service for the inspiration bert Alden Yantz, Ph.D., 114 pp. $1.00. of many pastors and congregations Macmillan. New York. throughout the country. This is a small but weighty book The present volume describes such by the professor of the philosophy of a ministry. It can hardly be called a religion and Christian ethics in the dispassionate biography, nor, as its Graduate School of Theology in Obersubject is still living, a complete one. lin College. The sub-title is "Essays The writer is an enthusiastic admirer Toward Understanding Spiritual Perof Dr. Morgan and he can see only sonality." In six thoughtful and sugperfection in him. He has given us, gestive chapters, the author state,s the however, a remarkably interesting nar- beliefs that he firmly holds and that rative of a man whose natural gifts he deems essential to an understandfor public speaking, he began to ing of the Gospel of Jesus. Not all preach at the age of thirteen, have the essential affirmations of Christian been developed and supplemented by belief, but those that ani discussed hard and unremitting study. Dr. Mor- are helpfully treated.

gan is preeminently an expository Life of PhlIllps Brooks. By William Lawpreacher, and hundreds of thousands rence. 151 pp. $2. Harper. New have found their hearts burning with- York.

in them as he has opened to them the Phillips Brooks was one of the most Scriptures in Sunday sermons and influential Christian leadens of his in week day conferences and Bible generation, and his influence still classes. In his sixty-eighth year he abides. He was big in person, in heart, is apparently as vigorous and eloquent in brain, and in spiritual force. He as ever. We are grateful to Mr. Har- could not have a more competent biogries for this graphic account of a rapher than his distinguished succes- great evangelical ministry. sor in the Episcopal diocese of Mas- 960

BOOKS WORTH READING

sachusetts. BishQP Lawrence bas of thQse given under Missions. How- written with sympathetic recognition ever, if one desires to' know the opin- of the great gifts of his subject. One ions of the famous and the less known, rises from the perusal -of this admir- (such as Bishop Kilgo, Harrahan, able biography with a fuller under- John Plato, Raans, BiederwQlf and standing Qf a remarkable preacher, Coolidge) the bQok may be Qf inter- and with a strengthened faith in the est. A redeeming feature is the fact beauty and power of the Gospel that he that all of the qUQtations are con- so eloquently proclaimed. To him, structive and nQt destructive of faith "religion," says Bishop Lawrence, in the GQspel and its PQwer untO' sal- "instead Qf being a phase of life, a vation. S. M. ZWEMER.

creed, or a system Qf theQlogy, was The Korean Church and the Nevins Meth- life itself; a power transfusing and ods. By Charles Allen Clark. 278 pp. trans1iguring the whole personality." $2.50. Revell. New York.

Mahatma Gandhi-His Own Story. Edited The authQr is prQfessQr in the by C. F. Andrews, 371 pp. $2.50. Mac- Union Theological Seminary at Pyengmillan. New York. yang. As a Presbyterian missiO'nary Whatever differences Qf QpiniDn who has lived in Korea for twenty- there may be regarding the wisdQm seven years, he has participated in Df his methDds, nO' Dne can dDubt the most of the movements described in character and the single-hearted de- his treatise.

vQtion to' an ideal of this extraDrdinary Two things make this an important man. Dr. J Qhn Haynes Holmes, of volume for friends and students of New York, whO' writes an Introduc- mISSIons. In the first place, it deals tion of eighteen pages, goes sO' far with Korea, a field where missions as to characterize him "as Qne Qf the have had marked -success. A history supremely great persDnalities not only .of the NatiQnal Presbyterian Church Df his own but of all time." Many is given, tracing its development frQm bOQks and innumerable articles have 10,000 to 160,000 members in thirty been written abQut him, and nQW we years. The story of the remarkable have "his Qwn stQry," edited by his growth Df this Church in self-gQvern- c1Qse friend and devQted disciple, C. ment, self-support, and self-propaga- F. Andrews. It is a human dDcument tiQn shQuld be an inspiratiQn to all whO'

of absorbing interest, not only re- are interested in the spread of the counting the outward events of Gand- Christian faith.

hi's life but disclDsing his mQtives, In the second place, this volume his aspirations, and indeed the very treats fully the much-discussed "Nevi- SQul of this remarkable leader 'Of mil- us Methods." Since the success of the liDns Qf men and worrien. The book KQrea MissiDn is attributed largely is Dne of the nDtable autDbiographies to their use, students Qf missions will of literature. wish to benefit from this careful docu- mented study. D. J. FLEMING. The World's Best Religious Quotations. By James Gilchrist Lawson. 192 pp. $2.00. Revell. New York. This Believing World. By Lewis Browne. 347 pp. $1.00. Macmillan. This is a disapPO'inting bQDk in many ways. The aim of the authQr Written in 1926 by a yQung rabbi has not been attained. Some Qf the of 29 years, this bOQk on "the great qUQtatiDns are inaccurate, SQme un- religions of mankind," has been re- printed 16 times and is nQW reissued labeled, and, in SDme extraordinary in this cheaper editiO'n. It is brilcases, mislabeled. The adjective, re- IigIQus, is too narrow fDr the scope of liantly written, but frDm a Christian viewpoint it is very unsatisfactory, as the CQntents. Under Bible, Christ, and might be expected from a rationalistic Sin, the quotatiDns are cO'mmonplace Jew who rejects everything superand nQt arresting. The same is true natural in the Old Testament as well 6

as in the New and who sees in Jesus and reverent gratitude 'Of vanished only a man of "extraordinary person- worshippers and make any page alive ality." with them 1" the author modestly asks. Well, he has done it beyond any Glimpses of Grandeur. By Frank Dur- other writer .on this subject with mard Adams. 234 pp. $2. Harpers. which we are acquainted. The book New York. is notable for its range of thought, its accuracy of scholarship, its catholicity The author, who is minister of the of ,spirit, and its beauty of diction. Universalist Church of Our Father in Detroit, here attempts to make real Ten Thousand Miles With a Dog Sled. and vivid the earthly life of Jesus. Hudson Stuck, D.O., F.R.G.S. Sec- He says that his "primary purpose has ond Edition. 420 pp. $4.00. Scribbeen, not to produce another formal ners. New York. biography of Jesus, but rather to present a series of consecutive pictures Missionary itinerating, with its throwing into sharp relief the most hardships and perils and 'yet its JQYs significant scenes and characteristics and its values, has never been more of His ministry." In doing this he interestingly portrayed than in this has used his imagination in enlarging bQok. The author is the Archdeacon incidents and filling in backgrounds. of the YukQn, of the Protestant Epis- There is an occasional opinion from copal Church. For many years he has which we dissent, but the general tone ranged over the vast region in the of the book is reverent and devout and interior of Alaska with his message the author has evidently sought to ex- of the love of God in Christ. His alt Christ. narrative is a stirring 'One, abounding in informatiQn, in incident, in graphic Procession of the Gods. By Gaius Glenn description and in evidences of the Atkins. 577 pp. $3.00. Richard R. blessing that the Gospel brings to Smith. New York. lonely, isolated people. This is an exceptionally interesting The first edition was published in book on the religions of the world, by 1914. As it was n'O longer obtainable a minister who, after successful pas- and as the demand for it was renewed, torates of Congregational churches in this second edition has now been is- Providence and Detroit, is now pro- sued. It is a volume of permanent fessor in the Presbyterian Theological value, an epic in missionary literature, Seminary in Auburn, N. Y. His f'Or- a tQnic to faith, and an unconscious mer volumes, notably "Pilgrims 'Of but none the less splendid witness t.o the Lonely Road," "Modern Religious missionary devotion. Cults and Movements," and "The Making of the Christian Mind," have taken A BUSINESS OF YOUR OWN high rank in religious literature, and this one, we think, is destined to be- Material depression turns people's mind to things come a classic on the subject. With spiritual. Our country needs WHOLICSOME and rare insight he portrays man's faiths CHRISTIAN books. We publish and import them. and superstitions and aspirations and We list ONLY books which are true to Bible. gropings after God from "the dark Some 600 titles in Fiction. Fine Religious Books. and the dawn" through Egypt, Baby- AGENTS WANTED in ALL SECTIONS. BIG lon, Nineveh, Persia, Greece, Rome, COMMISSION. ASK for CATALOGUES. Arabia, India and China, to the su- TERMS. etc. preme revelation by the prophets and apostles of Palestine and the incarna- WM. B. EERDMANS PUBLISHING CO. tion of Jesus of Nazareth. It is a 234 Pearl Street, Grand Rapids, Mich. moving story of the struggles of the human spirit, "if haply they might SOMETHING NEW! feel after Him and find Him." "How Syat_atlcDailyBeadiagCards can one recapture the awe and fear NBW ~ S~stftJt l!!..nas;s to Rev.ratio.. How to read your Bible once each year in 16 min~ otes a day. A PRACTICAL GIFT to Your Friends.

eo_plete Set – Priee $1.00 FREE DiseounttoDealers. AgelluWanted SAMPLE BIERMAN P. 8TlEINBOBN, DirirlIJufor Addl'essP.O.BOX ARP.7n CHICAGO, ILL.

Please mention THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD in writing to advertisers. OOMING EVENTS Norah's Victory. L. A. Barter-Snow. 262 pp. 28. 6d. Pickering & Inglis. December 7-UNIVERSAL BIBLE SUNDAY. London.

November 30-December 5–NORTH AMER- Nella. J. Goldsmith Cooper. 159 pp. ICAN HOME MISSIONS CONGRESS, Is. 6d. Pickering & Inglis. London. Washi!lgton, D. C. 'Orpheus, Myths of the World. Padraic December 11_12-INTERDENOMINATIONAL Colum. 327 pp. $5. Macmillan. New CONGRESS ON MEN's WORK, Cincin- York. nati, Ohio. 'Old Chickweed. E. A. Bland. 220 pp. January 3-10-FIRST ANNUAL NATIONAL 28. Pickering & Inglis. London. CONVENTION OF EVANGELISTS AND CHRISTIAN WORKERS, Moody Memo- l'rocession of the ·Gods. Gaius Glenn A t- rial Church, Chicago, Ill. kins. 577 pp. $3. R. R. Smith. New York. January 13-COMMITTEE OF REFERENCE AND COUNSEL, Atlantic City, N. J. The l'reacher and His Missionary Message. Stephen J. Corey. 221 pp. Cokesbury January 13-16-FOREIGN MISSIONS CON- Press. Nashville. FERENCE OF NORTH AMERICA, Atlan- tic City, N. J. ………………………………………………

January 19-22, 1931-CONFERENCE ON Are You Sick? THE CAUSE AND CURE OF WAR, Wa&hington, D. C. Are You Discouraged?

January 20-21, 1931-COUNCIL OF Are You Financially CHURCH BOARDS.OF EDUCAT~ON, In- Distressed? dianapolis, Ind.

NEW BOOKS Affirmations of Christian Belief. Herbert YOU NEED Alden Yantz. 114 pp. $1. Macmil- lan. New York. GOD aDd MAN Community Religion and the Denomina- A Devotional Manual for Daily Use tional Heritage. J. R. Hargreaves and others. 150 pp. $1. Harpers. New By BLAIR SCOTT York. ~ It reveals to you the spiritual law of God, Mahatma Gandhi-His 'Own Story. Edited "Lunder which the Master met and overcame by C. F. Andrews. 371 pp. $2.50. Macmillan. New York. all beliefs of the flesh and particularly those of SUPPLY AND HEALTH. Glimpses of Grandeur. Frank Durmard Adams. 234 pp. $2. Harpers. New (Pages 22, 23. 24) York. For Bible References, recording God's available Hinduism Invades America. Wendell SPIRITUAL SUPPLY, UNLIMITED Thomas. 300 pp. $3. Beacon Press. SUPPLY AND CONTINUED SUPPLY. New York. (Pages 12I.13z) Hands Aronnd the World. Archer Wal- lace. 134 pp. $1. R. R. Smith. New For Bible References, bestowing Christ's HEAL. York. ING POWER ON ALL WHO BELIEVE.

Indian Islam. Murray '1'. Titus. 250 (Pages III'II3) pp. $4.50. Oxford University Press. New York. Whatever your problem– THIS BOOK Life of l'hillips Brooks. William Law- rence. 515 pp. $2. Harpers. New By the Grandson of Walter Scott York. Unveils your God-given heritage of Dominion Lettice Martyn's Crusade. Flora E. Berry. Limp, Rouad Coraers, 'I.SO 255 pp. 28. Pickering & Inglis. Lon- don. :—– ORDER BLANK G. Campbell Morgan, the Man and His SEND TO YOUR BOOKSELI ER. or Ministry. John Harries. 252 pp. $2.50. Revell. New York. FLEMING H. REVELL COMPANY, 158 Fifth Avenue, New York. "Ma," the Heroine of Calabar-A Biog- raphy of Mary Slessor. Esther E. Please send me, postpaid cop_ _ Enoch. Is. Pickering & Inglis. Lon- GOD AND MAN, by Blair Scott. don. Name __________________________ Merry and Sherry. M. E. Drewson. 96 pp. 18. 3d. Pickering & Inglis. Lon- A d d u : s s_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ don. enclosed.

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The Missionary Review of the World — December 1929

Yours a MERCY Christmas7'

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McCUTCHEON LINENS for every hostess on your Christmas list, Handkerchiefs and these novelties to please those for whom you "can't think of a thing!"

Colorful Moorcroft Pitcher from Liberty's $8.75 Kashmir Goat Hair Rugs, rich and colorful $18.50 Slip-On Washable French suede Gloves . $3.75 a pair Sheer Hose with clox. Smart shades . . . $3.95 a pair Each gift packed in a dainty Christmas box McCutcheon's n" . FIFTH AVENUE AT FORTy-N1NTH ST. DEPT. No. 20, NEW YORK Ret]. US Rlt. on: -11- . – . -.-….– . – . — . – -… – . – — –.. , ~I~-.~.~….~…~…~ .-..~-'-'''-!; ..£.~'''''!;£-'-'~'—-'–''-'-=–'~~~'~~~~P-~~~~~'

I A Guaranteed Income lor Life ~~ WOULD you like to be relieved of the care of keeping your money safely ,~ invested, and at the same time have an assured income for the rest of your I life–much larger than you are now receiving?

Would you like to provide all income for some;,relative; a brother, or sister, a husband, a wife, some more distant relative, or a f,riend ? , Would you like to feel that after you are through with life, and the person or persons for whom you have provided have passed .on, your money will continue to do good for generations to come I Our Life Annuity Agreements /~ will do 10" yo. 1IIe Tery dalncs en….erated . . .ve and wUI …..aatee Absolute Safety Annuity Does Not Change Agreements issued by the undersigned organi- These agreements are good during the lifetime zations have back of them millions of dollars of the beneficiaries and. notwithstanding Huc- worth of property in all parts of the world. mations of bonds. stocks or real estate values, and the moral backing of the Methodist Epis- the amount of annuity is never changed.

copal Church. Annuity Paid PI"ODIpdy Rates During the entire history of these boards, an- nuity checks have been mailed promptly accord- The amount of annuity paid is larger than the ing to the terms of the agreement without a income from most safe investments and is de- case of defaulting. termined by the age of the annuitant.

For further information write: MORRIS W. EHNES, Treasurer, Board of Foreign Missions of the Methodist Episcopal Church, 150 Fifth Avenue, New York, N. Y., or W. J. ELLIO'IT. Treasurer. Board of Home Missions and Church ExteElSion of the Methodist Episcopal Church, 1701 Ar<h Street, Philadelphia, Pa.

;~;t.~~~~~~~~~;:;~~~;:;~~~~~~~~~~~~~~l,~ Please mention THI: 11.IISSIONARY REVIEW OF TilE 'VORLD in writing to advertisers. THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD Spirit-filled Christian stewards like to ma~e DELAVAN L. PIIlRSON, Editor them. CONTENTS-Deoember, 192ft Annuity Gifts to the National Bible Institute are not only extraordinarily fine gifts, but Page they pay dividends in trained Christian FRONTISPIECE …..••••• , ••••..•••••• workers proclaiming the Gospel at home and abroad. TRANSFORMING THE AUSTRALIAN ABO- RIGINES Y011 can help greatly in evangelizing the world and enjoy WOMEN AND CHILDREN LAST ..••••• ……………. .. LAURA M. WHITE 901 a non-fluctuating income for life WOMEN AND SOCIAL CONDITIONS IN through an Annuity Gift. EGYPT ..••.. DAISY GRIGGS PHILIPS 908 SECURITY STABILITY S~ ABYSSINIA AN EMERGING EMPIRE … · ….••••••••• '.' •..•• H. A. KELSEY 915 999 SHALL WE FOLLOW THE APOSTOLIC For detailed information write to WAY? ……..•.• HOWARD A. BANKS 919 THE NATIONAL BIBLE INSTITUTE CHINESE MISSIONARIES IN BORNEO ………………… R. A. JAFFRAY 922 THE SELF-EVANGELIZATION OF INDIA ……………… MRS. W. W. DUFF 925 THE KURDS OF KHORASAN ……..• • ..•..•.•…. DWIGHT M. DONALDSON 929 340 West 55th Street, New York City AN AFRICAN VILLAGE FOR A DOLLAR Don O. Shelton, President • ..•••••••••••.••••• WILLIAM CLARE: BELL AND ELIZABETH LOGAN ENNIS 938 Hugh R. Monro, Treasurer CHINESE WOMEN AND RELIGION …. · …….. , ……… MRS. C. C. CHEN 941 MOHONK CONF'ERENCE ON THE AMER- ICAN INDIAN ………. COE HAYNE 945 TOPICS OF 'THE TIMES •…………• 947 ( METHODS FOR THE WORLD DAY OF PRAYER .'… EDITED BY MRS. F. I. 1= , JOHNSON •••••.••••••••••.•••••••• 950 LET YOUR GIn" HOME AND FOREIGN MISSION BUL- _LETIN •••••••••.••.•••••…….• 958 to Foreign Missions WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK •••.••••••••• 963 BOOKS WORTH READING ••••••.•••• 978 PAY YOU A LIFE INCOME INDE,X FOR 1929 …………••• , •••• 983 You can make a generous.gift to foreign mis- TERMS.-$2.50 a year. ($2.00 In clubs of sions and have a needed income for yourself five.) Foreign postage, 50 cents. Single copies, and others from the money you give by the 25 cents. Published monthly. Cop,.rlghted. 1928. by MISSIONARY REVIEW PUBLISHING COM- Annuity Gift Plan PANY, INC. All rights reserved This plan relieves you of uncertainty- and THE MISSIONARY REVIEW PUBLISHING worry causea by changing values of invested COMPANY, INC. funds and assures you a fixed income of – 4t% to 9% per year for the rest of your life A reserve fund of over $1.500.000 guarantees ROBERT E. SPEER, President the vrompt payment of annuities to yqu. WILLIAM I. CHAMBIlBLAIN, Vloe-Presldent Protect yourself against loss through DELAVAN L. PIERSON, ,seoretary unwise investments and at the same time WALTER McDOUGALL, Treaaurer help send the gospel to all the world. Publication Office, 3d & Reil,. St., Harrisburg, For full £n/ormatiotl write Pa. 25c'a copy. $2.50 a year. Erne« F. HDII, Secretary, Dept. ofAnnuilie. Editorial and Business Office, 156 Fifth Avenue, BOARD OF FOREIGN MISSIONS New York Cit,. of the Presbyterian Church, U. S. A. Entered as second-class matter at the Post 156 Fifth Avenue. New York Office, Harrisburg, Pa., under Act of March 3, 1879.

Please mention Tall MISSlONARY RIlVIEW OF THIl WORLD In writing to advertisers. A CA VE IS THE HOME OF THESE LEPERS F OR the Christ Child there was was NO ROOM in the dweJlings of men. At this season when all Christians celebrate His Birthday, let us remember those others against whom a:l men have closed their doors-the world's helpless, homeless lepers.

Multitudes in Need "Every night the last sound we heard was the moaning, sobbing cry of the sixty homeless lepers outside the gate," says a traveler, speaking of a Leper Hospital which he recently visited. "Every morning we looked down upon that same crowd lying on the ground."

There are thousands of lepers like these; shall they be rescued for lives of Christian usefulness?

Follow Christ's Command Help the American Mission to Lepers, interdenominational and international, to "CLEANSE THE LEPERS."

Through 140 centers of mercy in 40 countries many needy lepers are being relieved and rescued.

Increase your own Christmas joy, and put the light of hope into these darkened lives by sending a Christmas gift to-day.

What Dollars Will £)0 $2-'-Blanket fOf a leper.

$S-Food for one patient for two months.

$l~Chaulmoogra oil for two years of weekly treatments, a period sufficient to "discharge as cured" a leper in the early stages.

$4~Complete care of one leper for one year. > r——————- $30~A cottage for six to twelve lepers at a mission station. Send your Contribution to Enclosed is $ ….. '… , my Christmas gift III to the leper~~ FLEMING H. REVELL, Name of America and other binds. ' Trecuurer .. > •••••••• > ••• > •••••••••••••••••••• ne American Mission to Lepers, Inc. I Address . > •• > >> ••••••• > ••••••• > ••••••••••• Ave., Room II ………….. 156 Fifth 1119L > •••••••••••• » •••••••••••••• New York City !……………….H~ Ple-ase lllPntion THE )JISS]OSARY REVIEW OF THE '~ORLD in writing to aL1w~rtiSf'rs.

by Miss Ma1"qarct Matthcws J Goulbut-n Island. via Darwi·n. Northern

UNEVANGELIZED ABORIGINES OF AUSTRALIA Thp.sp. mp.n are tYoical of the hlack mp.ll of North AustraJia. The balls hanging on the necks of three are charms to drive away evil spirits. They probably contain some portion of a deep-asP.(] warrior wbose virtue is supposed to enter the Dossessor.

f!HRIRTIAN ABOlUGINER AND THEIR LEADER- A MISSIONARY The Rev. R. L. Keiuel"t bas taken a Kreat interest in training the Christian youth to play musical instruments in harmony. These Australian aborigines are said to be the "lowest type of civil humanity." but many are accepting Christ and are living witnesses to Him among their dark brothers.

TRANSFORMING THE AUSTRALIAN ABORIGINES 'l~here are ~stimated to be about 83,000 Aborigines now in Australia- most of them in the Northern 'l'erritory. This is only half the estimated populntinn when the white men first caDle about one bundred and fifty yea-rs- aa;:o.

LII, No. 12 December

WOMEN AND CHILDREN LAST The Story of Christian Literature for the Chinese* BY LAURA M. WHITE, Shanghai, China Missionary of the lVoman's F01~ei{/n Missionar.ll Society of tlH~ Methodist Episcopal Ohurch, 1891-; Editor oj the Nu To p(J·O of the Chri8tian Literature Society J CCORDING to tradition the the plea that it was beneath the f i first Christian missionaries dignity of China to borrow an alphabet from another country. to China were Syrians who blazed their way across Central The famous Nestorian tablet Asia, beginning' in the 2d or even records the work of Nestorian misin the 1st century A. D. They sionaries who journeyed from Perbrought with them two priceless sia to Central China, reaching Sian gifts-the Christian Scriptures Fu in 635. Reference is made to and the alphabet, and seem to have the fact that they brought with had very early editions of the them the Scriptures, a translation whole Bible (Peshito version) ex- of which was to be found in the cepting the three small epistles of imperial library. This evidence is Peter, John and Jude, and the corroborated by an Arab traveller Apocalypse. Every Syrian mis- of the 9th Century, Ibu Wahab, sionary had a copy of at least one who journeyed to the capital of portion of Scripture, laboriously China and was given an audience made by hand; and students were with the emperor. He was shown expected to memorize large parts pictures of the patriarchs, prophof the Psalms and New Testament. ets, Noah and the Ark, Moses These Christians penetrated Cen- with his rod, Jesus on an ass, surtral Asia, spreading their culture, rounded by the apostles and other and adapting their alphabet to the Bible scenes. The emperor seemed various tribes-the Mongolians, to be very familiar with the Scrip- Manchus and Tartars. Mongolian ture narrative. script was apparently popular in China until Kublai Khan ordered Twenty-five years ago Profesa return to ideographic writing on sor Paul Pelliot discovered in a "The writer wishes to acknowledge her in- sealed up cave of Tung Huang, ~;ttcl~llt~S t:;Jl'latl~SPDr~fTi~~~b~aUi~ha:d, ~~~~ Kiang Su Province, a number of valuable ancient manuscripts; P;e g~rti~~ ~~~~l:~d'M~~i~~:~y SS~:i~~7.' ¥~ among them was a roll written in ;fo~~f~~d'viJJ~~·~~~rt~i1~n~rOf~ss~~.. O~t~~~~~~: Chinese characters, perfectly legi- ble, and written in the 9th or 10th ~oe~~0~i~!tliti.;;!n~:1ti()ll on Fire. a History of 901

century by some Chinese Christian. literary and scientific channels. It includes a Chinese translation of Famous western authors, Euclid the Gloria in Excelsis, followed by and Aristotle, etc., were translated a list of venerated Christians and into Chinese. Mathematics, geogbooks. At the end is a note ex- raphy and astronomy were taught. plaining that the number of books Selections from the Scriptures with put into Chinese from the Mother pictorial illustrations were printed Church of Syria was five hundred and published. A lexionary, (readand thirty. Christianity in the ings from the Scriptures for holy T'ang Era (618-845 A. D.) was days) was published in 1636. probably a dominant religion; but These selections cover the printhe adverse edict of 845 A. D., cipal events in the life of Jesus. ordering the suppression of Nes- Also the New Testament was torianism and Buddhism, almost translated faithfully by some undestroyed the Nestorians. These known missionary at that time. Christian manuscripts may have In the 18th century Catholic mis- sionaries were all either expelled or been sealed up in the cave at about put to death. Churches were conthat time. fiscated by the government, and Later, under the liberal Mon- Christianity was again a progolian Dynasty Christianity again scribed religion until 1844. In 1738 grew in strength. There were an English merchant, Mr. Hodgmany Nestorian churches in Kiang son, visited Canton. He had some Su, Chekiang, Honan, Korea, and knowledge of Chinese characters, other provinces. The Chinese em; and his attention was called to an peror, Kublai Khan, venerated the old Chinese book which he found Gospels, and in 1271 sent a letter to be a New Testament. Mr. Hodgto the Pope by the Polo brothers re- son had a copy made which was questing a hundred missionaries. Two were sent, but turned back dis- afterwards presented to the British mayed by the difficulties encoun- Museum. It consists of a harmony tered on the journey. In 1289 of the four Gospels, the Book of John of Monte Carino arrived at Acts, the Pauline epistles and the the Chinese Court, and found the Scriptures, both Old and New first chapter of Hebrews. Testament, in Chinese; and esti- In the beginning of the 19th mated that there were about two century Robert Morrison made a hundred thousand Christians. He study of this book at the British was later reinforced by ten other museum; copied it, and having missionaries and before his death acquired a knowledge of the Canestimated that besides the Nestori- tonese language, sailed as a misans there were a hundred thousand sionary to China in 1804. Morrison Catholics. But the tolerant Mongul earned his living as secretary, first Dynasty was expelled from China to the East India Company and and the Ming Dynasty in a terrific later to Lord Napier. To preach persecution extirpated all Chris- the Gospel or even to teach Chinese tians. to a foreigner was then a capital offense; consequently Morrison's The Jesuits brought new gifts of missionary work was mainly liter- Christian literature to the Chinese ary. He made the first Chinese and in the middle of the 16th century. English dictionary, and translated They made their appeal through the Bible into Chinese, acknowl-

WOMEN AND CHILDREN LAST

edging in the preface his indebted- Americans, Rev. Ernest Faber, a ness to the Testament which he German, and Dr. Timothy Richard, had studied in the British Museum. a Welshman, all made outstanding In · 1844 Monsieur de Lagrene contributions to Christian litera- obtained formal recognition of ture. Later Dr. Williamson and Christianity, and protection of Dr. Griffith John were appointed its adherents from persecution. by a general conference of mission- Former repressive edicts were an- aries to prepare Christian school nulled. Protestant missionaries books. Women in the western part later came to China, concentrating of Scotland formed the first Wom- in five ports in which they were permitted to live. They com- menced to lay the foundations of Protestant Christianity, hardly knowing how to attack the over- whelming problems which con- fronted them. They were ignorant of China's religions and of the classics. Morrison's Bible was not in the language of the common people. In their efforts to put Christian truth into Chinese they encountered the same rock of dif- ficulty on which the Catholic Church in 1715 had been wrecked.

What terms should be used for God? Shall it be "Shang Ti," or "Sheng," or "Tien"?

The edict of 1844 soon became a dead letter. Catholic Christians were still persecuted. Missionary life in China was almost unbear- able, until 1860 when a new treaty was signed, by which eleven new ports were opened to trade, free- LAURA M. WHITE dom to missionaries was granted for travel and residence in China, an's Auxiliary for cooperation in and protection for converts was the work of preparing Christian promised. In addition missionaries literature.

were permitted to rent and pur- In 1887 Dr. Williamson founded chase land in all provinces, and to the Society of Christian Literature erect buildings thereon at pleasure. for China and when he died in Protestantism commenced its 1890, the English Baptists loaned missions in earnest. Bible societies Dr. Timothy Richard as general were established and God raised secretary to the society. Under his up for their tasks literary giants. wise guidance the organization Alexander Williamson, a Scotch- prospered as a society within the man, founded the Scotch Bible different missionary societies of Society; Dr. S. Wells Williams China. Each missionary loaned to and Rev. Young J. Allen, both the service of the Christian Litera-

ture Society received his salary tance. One cannot help smiling at from his own Board. Outstanding the thought of little Lord Fauntle- volumes on theology were begun. roy with his golden curls, and Ellen Ponderous volumes on political Montgomery, a trifle sullen over science, sociology, histories, biogra- her slate colored stockings, both phies, etc., all written in elegant pushing their youthful way into Wen Li, were widely distributed such elegant literary society.

among the literati. These books While reading Tolstoy's "Mar- and the new ideas circulated by chez Pendant que Vous Avez la the magazines published by the Lumiere" Miss White was inspired Christian Literature Society cre- with a brilliant idea-she would ated a great ferment in China, confiscate the plot, and locate it in thus starting a reform movement Shangtung Province. It was a good among the students. plot and well worth appropriating.

A few years later Dr. Young Tolstoy's arguments against im- J. Allen, realizing that practically perialism, militarism, and Roman nothing had been written for wom- and Greek philosophies could easily en and children, commenced his be changed into appeals for Chris- great work Women in All Lands, tianity against Buddhism and Con- virtually' an encyclopedia in ten fucianism. When all was finished volumes, beautifully illustrated and she went with the book to her great written in terse, classical Wen Li. and wise friend Dr. Timothy Rich- This was the beginning of woman's ard.

literature in China. Alas! Women "What shall I call the book?"

and children could not read these she asked. "It is not a translation attractive books, nor would the men or even an adaptation. Tolstoy most of China buy the series to read to certainly would disown the child in them. Only dust and book worms its Chinese dress, with communism took to the elegant volumes which eliminated and an orthodox heaven, were subsequently disposed of as hell, devil, and angels added! In prizes and gifts to school libraries. my arguments for Christianity I Later Miss Laura White with have cribbed from Browning, trembling hands ventured to pre- Ruskin, Phillips Brooks, Lyman sent to the learned Society "The Abbot, Henry Drummond, and Broom Maker" and "Picciola, the even Butler's Analogy."

Story of a Prison Flower." These "My dear child," said the famous two stories seemed incongruous sinalogue. "You have written an with the erudite spirit of the Chris- original story."

tian Literature Society at that "But there is hardly an original time. Yet both books were of good thought in it."

pedigree–"The Broom Maker" "I would not expect it," was the being sponsored by John Ruskin, reply. "Only two or three new and "Picciola" famous as a French thoughts are born in a century."

classic. Both books were given The success of this book, "The Five rather a doubtful welcome, and Calls," which went through twenty grudgingly placed on the book editions, gave Miss White courage shelves. Next year "Little Lord to say "yes" when the Christian Fauntleroy" appeared, and a little Literature Society asked her to edit later "The Wide, Wide World" by a magazine for women and girls.

Mrs. McGillivray asked for admit- Next Mrs. McGillivray, whose

WOMEN AND CHILDREN LAST

husband had joined the Christian as in "The Bird's Christmas Literature staff in 1889, became Carol." Editorials and serials in the editor of Happy Childhood, the the magazine are afterwards gath- popular Christian periodical for ered up and published in book children. A charming little maga- form. In this way we have "The zine it is! Full of pretty pictures, Secret Garden," "Scenes from Ben bright stories, clever puzzles, in- Hur," "Romola," "The Dawn of teresting songs and beautifully Hope," "We Women, Our Golden printed on good paper. The chil- Hope" by Constance Maynard, dren of China are indebted to their "History of Women's Social Prog- understanding friend for "The ress" and many others.

Childhood of Jesus," "Jesus, My For some years the W. C. T. U.

Saviour," a mine of attractive in America furnished funds for stories, and many children's books the production of a number of that one has not the time to men- temperance books, and our special tion here. Perhaps her loveliest catalogue of books for the home book is a translation of Mrs. Pea- and for schools includes many body's wonderful book, "Prayers biographies of devoted women- For Children." "Anne of Ava," "Elizabeth Fry,"

No one can equal Mrs. McGilliv- "Amanda Smith," "Pandita Ram- ray in preparing books for chil- abai," "Florence Nightingale,"

dren and her illustrations are "Mary Slessor," "Mary Lyons,"

irresistible in their cleverness. "Alice Freeman Palmer," "Mary What mother could resist buying Reed, Missionary to the Lepers"

"Prayers for Children" when she and others. There are a few books sees the illustrations of the "Prayer on home making, helps for moth- for Father on a Journey." Here ers and Bible women, health is the coolie with his baggage, and books, many songs and anthems, the wheelbarrow or sedan chair to Christian plays and pageants.

carry him to the canal, and then A few years ago our Chinese edi- the big river steamer to take him torial staff was somewhat troubled to Shanghai. Noone has given in trying to reconcile Christianity more joy to the children of China and science, having read some dis- than Mrs. McGillivray. turbing books. Day by day they In 1923 Miss Martha Pyle, for- gathered at the Christian Litera- merly head of the McTyeire School, ture round table on which they came to the help of the Woman's threw every doubt, difficulty and Department of the Christian Lit- doctrine to which they objected.

erature Society and has done ex- It was Miss White's task to search cellent work. the libraries, and to consult with On the editorial staff of our Nu theologians until the girls' ques- To Pao, the magazine for girls and tionings were answered. Miss women, are several young Chinese Kwangfang Lee, the most strenu- women, all high school and college ous doubter, afterwards wove the graduates. A Gin-Lin Student put conversations and arguments into Mrs. Wiggs into a Chinese cabbage her little story, "From the Seen to patch. In a certain Christmas play, the Unseen." Later the National her little Ruggles are just as lov- Christian Council sent out a ques- able dressed up in Chinese clothes tionnaire as to what books had and living in a Nanking mud hut helped most to solve our young

people's religious problems. High books have stimulated their love on the list were "The Five Calls" for Christ, a loyalty to their school, and "From the Seen to the Un- and given them a better underseen." In another questionnaire, standing of their missionary teachsent out recently in the interests ers? of religious education, students Our Woman's Department of the were asked for the names of their Christian Literature Society ocfavorite books. The boys seemed to cupies two communicating rooms, have gotten their mental entertain- containing four desks for Chinese ment largely from Chinese classics ~ oung ladies and two for the grave Chinese pundits whose duty is to improve the literary style of our feminine aspirants for fame. A fine organ is in one corner of the room and some one is harmonizing a folk song for next month's Nu To Pao. Its tones have driven Miss Pyle for sanctuary to the valuable library on the second floor where she works with two Chinese girls on "Laddie" and "Dr. Orchard's Prayers." Miss Pan is busily en- gaged in collecting native melodies which she is converting into hy- giene songs. She is a graduate of McTyeire School, and is proficient in music, but can also make nimble fingers fly over the keys of a type- writer, and is an adept at dressing pretty stories in Chinese clothes.

Her last achievement in that line is Margaret Deland's "Katie," but A FORMER SLAVE GIRL-MARY LIU in the Chinese version the story does not become tragic. Our Chiand other non-Christian sources, nese young women insist on happy and the latest books of Russian endings, and so the snobbish northought. But the girls reported mal school graduate in China their favorite books as "Little repents, and cherishes her char- Women," "Romola," "Quo Vadis," woman mother. "Lovey Mary," "Little Lord Faunt- The wise ' looking young lady leroy," "The Wide, Wide World" working on an editorial "The Strugand other stories. It has been gle for the Life of Others" is noticed that, while many of our Kwangfang Lee. She was graduboys remained faithful to their ated from Gin-Ling College and Christian teachings during the earned her M.A. at Boston Univerpresent unrest in China, neverthe- sity. Miss Shen, Mrs. McGilless our girls have shown greater livray's faithful helper, sits in the loyalty to their Christian faith and sunlight, reading proofs of this missionary teachers. May it not month's Happy Childhood, while be that these simple wholesome Mrs. McGillivray in her own

WOMEN AND CHILDREN LAST

home, not very far away, super- and condense, until finally a fair intends some Chinese artist in copy is ready for the printer. making illustrations, or adapts her Mary seldom corrects, and never latest book iJl.to Chinese. rewrites her work. She will write a thousand characters in an hour's Perhaps the most interesting girl time, ready for press, without of all is Mary Liu. When a five- alteration. One of the compensayear-old slave girl, through the tions for her mutilation is the fact cruelty of her owner, she lost both that she has learned to conserve hands and feet and was given to and concentrate every faculty. She missionaries. Provided with arti- has already put two books into ficiallegs she learned to walk when Chinese, and her one draft needed she was six years old. Fortunately practically no revision by the old she retained one tiny thumb joint pundit who so freely corrects the and with this she has learned to literary style of our other young sew, to write, to cut out her own ladies. clothes with scissors held between the two wrists, and even to thread Fourteen years ago when she a needle. Being very fastidious she was seven years old, Mary wrote washes her own clothes with those poor calloused wrist' stumps. She her first letter to a missionary writes and draws beautifully and teacher, in which she announced has just been graduated from Gin- her intention of becoming the Ling College where she received a editor of the Nu To Pao, and now unique graduating gift-a new pair her childish ambition seems likely of artificial legs. The handicaps to be gratified. A poem written by under which she has labored have Sidney Lanier about a hero who developed unusual powers of con- harnessed a wolf and made him centration. In the Christian Lit- plow has greatly influenced Mary's ~rature Society the rest of us life. She too has bravely conquered rarely translate more than a thou- the wolf that ravaged her; has sand characters a day. It takes us until five o'clock in the afternoon harnessed him, and is now joyousto make our first draft, to revise ly driving him to till a beautiful field belonging to the Kingdom of God.

I NEW ClIINA FOR OLD ~~ N THE long past China has often had intercourse with outside peoples and religions. Her response, to whatever influences came therewith, was to assimilate them. The assimilation of Buddhism is perhaps the readiest illustration of this earlier and long-enduring motive.

"Today China is doing something different and for the first time in her history she is consciously trying to readjust herself to outside peoples. When a people get a new motive they become new. Most of what China is now doing by way of reconstruction is not due to external pressure, but to a desire to readjust herself. She is becoming conscious of her own potentialities and is trying to rebuild her own integrity in terms of her own wishes."-The Congregationalist.

AND SOCIAL CONDITIONS IN

BY DAISY GRIGGS PHILIPS, Cairo, Egypt* .MissiOHat"y of the United Pr('~b"tcrian Church oj the U. S. A.

ATANGLED network of super- Moslem lands and (2) because the stition, belief and practice wives of the great Moslem working holds Moslem womanhood in world have always been free in all its thrall. Albeit Moslem women, lands to go unveiled and to take like many of the fair sex in western their part alongside their husbands lands, quite enjoy the sense of be- in the common struggle to gain a ing caught in the meshes of custom. livelihood. Not infrequently wom- It must be borne in mind therefore en of strong mental caliber are met that customs which to the West- with in the villages who practical- erner are often revolting and which ly rule the clan.

we feel have been forced upon de- The system of seclusion here in fenceless Moslem women are not Egypt has been supposed to mili- only frequently hugely enjoyed but tate against girls going astray and clung to tenaciously by the women when I mentioned this recently to of the East. a high class Moslem girl who was The first social custom affecting educated in France, she said, "We women which forces itself upon do not want any such imposed the Westerner, is the seclusion of morality. We want girls to be pure women-although in Egypt there because they know it is right and has been such a marked change in because they have the power within the last three or four years that themselves to resist evil. Nor do one sees scores of veiled women on we want the veil even if it is pretty the streets, some of the large shops and becoming and modish. We do being frequented by hundreds of not want the veil because it stands them. The fact remains that the for the inferiority of women."

thousands are still secluded. In his The practice of secluding women book "La Condition de la Femme has had its effect upon every de- dans la Tradition et I 'Evolution partment of women's life, resulting de L 'Islamisme," Dr. Mansoor even in her exclusion from the Fahmy points out that the Koran Mosque. Dr. Mansoor Fahmy, him- deals chiefly with the seclusion of self a Moslem, says that, in spite the wives of Mohammed, following of the fact that the two sexes were a suggestion of his friend, Omar. equal before the temptation (in The order was made to inclUde the Eden) of Adam and Eve, the God wives of believers to the extent of the Koran has stamped women that they were to veil themselves with inferiority. Besides this, he when they went out, thus rendering adds, conquests, slavery, classes, themselves less liable to insult polygamy and tyrannical govern- from men. Dr. Mansoor Fahmy ment have all played a role in the fails to find the Koranic decree decadence of women. In his con- binding for two reasons, (1) be- clusion he points out the opinions cause it has never applied to all of the woman question of authors "We <leel'l~' 1'egret to BUY that word hnB highly esteemed in the Moslem ~~~~o.recs~~e~u~ ';~~u~~~t~o?Jm~:B'E~~~~~~ ill world. One, a Persian, advised men 908 to be vigilant in preserving friend- the moment of great difficulty ship and friends for he said, rather than to allow the beast to "Friends are not like women become unruly and then himself (wives), whom one can repudiate be forced to escape in an undigniat will." Another, Djahis by name, fied manner. This philosophy a classic writer and philosopher, drives Gazali to lay down the most said, "The superiority of man over tyrannical injunctions for the sewoman is striking and one that is clusion of woman, according to marked in everything. Woman which she must be shut in the should not turn herself aside from house, never climb to the roof nor her own function, her mission is let herself be seen, nor chat with to be a mother and to be a wife." her neighbors but always watch over her husband and his interests Gazali, the mystic, who accord- whether he be present or absent. ing to Dr. Mansoor Fahmy, was in- THE nOME OF A YOUNG EGYPTIAN PEA~ANT GIRL fluenced by Christian mysticism, This is enough from classic audenounced marriage on economical thorities to give us the point of and mystical grounds. To burden view of the orthodox Moslem reoneself with a costly charge is to garding the seclusion of women. assume a weight one would better There is another power, however, not carry. This mystical reason of in the life of the Moslem women, Gazali's (of St. Paul's argument) which has even more weight than that the care of the family can be- classic writings, including the come an absorbing occupation for Koran, and that is tradition folthe heart, leads him to the most lowed by its long train of superextreme conclusions, i. e., that only stitions which affect the whole life idiots are capable of love, and that from the cradle to the grave. love is only a stupid mania whose There are Moslem "books of mediforce one would do far better to cine" which give rise to many break in the beginning as one superstitious practices, some of seizes an animal by the reins at which are revolting, though it

should be said that these practices out and its blood allowed to flow are found chiefly among the peas- into a huge flat basin in which a ant women. Perhaps the most chair had been placed for the common of these practices are con- patient. An attendant bathed her nected with childbirth. Here is a limbs and body with the warm very common superstition which blood without undressing the pa- was told to me by some of my Mos- tient, who in this case was not really lem friends in a village of upper demon possessed but only slightly Egypt. It was given to me in all indisposed and a bit "queer." This sincerity and desire to help me be- woman and her friends were all cause I have only one child. The in comfortable circumstances and belief is that women friends call- could have seen a doctor, perhaps ing upon a mother with a new born had, but here they were at this babe must not wear gold jewelry, performance because they "loved especially the style so common here darkness rather than light."

made of gold coins, because if the The following story is told by a mother sees such jewelry while her missionary in Ismailia: babe is less than a month old she "When a woman becomes ill, she will not have another child. If a has recourse to the doctors whose friend sh0uld be so careless as to medicine may cure her. If a cure forget to remove her gold adorn- is not effected and she has head- ments before calling, the antidote aches, dyspepsia, nervous attacks is for the mother to obtain the gold etc., she will likely send to a or a piece of the same type and sheikha to find out through her value, immerse it in a glass of Nile wisdom what ails her. The Sheikha water brought either by an old gets a handkerchief which the woman or a young girl, and then woman has worn, and wraps in it drink it slowly before sunset, after a twenty piastres piece 4s-one which the evil charm will be dollar, and sleeps with it under broken. her pillow. In the morning she Another practice is the Zar or keeps the coin and returns the ker- the rite of placating demons. I chief saying that in her dreams she saw one of these performances in has seen that a powerful prince of Tanta and my chief impression of the a/rit (evil spirit or demon, it was that the women who were plural a/arit) is in love with the of the middle class enjoyed it woman, but that she has not paid hugely. The friends of the indis- proper attention to this lover who posed woman gathered until the is therefore angry with her, and house was well filled. The per- has sent the illness to chastise her formance consisted of tambourine until she repents and gives him his music and chanting by a band of dues. What is the woman to do to professional women singers, the propitiate the spirit? (Some are eating of rather elaborate cakes Christian, some heathen, some good and sweets for refreshments and Moslems among these demons, a finally the riding of a sheep very favorite one being the Magh- through the rooms and later its raby). She must have a Zar.

sacrifice in a room closed to the "According to the wealth of the public. All who wished to see the woman is the duration and elabora- victim could do so later. The jugu- tion of the Zar. If she is poor it lar vein of the animal had been cut may last only one night and a fowl

WOMEN AND SOCIAL CONDITIONS IN EGYPT

be killed, but if she is wealthy it demand is for the head net of the may last as long as a week and a Sudan as a scarf to cover the face. full grown sheep be the sacrifice. Th.e woman may have been told In any case the Sheikha arranges beforehand the particular color for women to come who know the which her a/rit likes and in that various tunes affecting the dif- case, at the Zar her dress must be ferent evil spirits. Many women of that color. besides the sick one will gather, especially those who say they have After the Zar, if the a/rit has an afrit lover and as it is only the been pleased with her, the illness beautiful and witty whom the de- will depart, if not, she must give mons desire, every woman wishes another more elaborate performto have such a lover. Some have ance or attend others, paying all many. As each woman hears the the attention she can to the a/rit, tune belonging to her own particu- then eventually when she has done lar a/rit, she gets up and begins all he demands of her, she will rethe danse du ventre as practiced cover. A converted Moslem of by the prostitutes, covering her prominence told me recently that his mother had spent more on Zars face at the same time from the than on the education of her large gaze of all hut the lover for whose benefit it is being performed. She family. * goes on as long as the same tune continues. If she falls exhausted, Besides these superstitious pracother women will revive her and tices there are numerous customs to which women are in bondage in support her while she goes on Islam, such as those of child mar- riage and the consequent lack of again. After a while the tune will leisure for education. Another cuschange to that belonging to another tom which causes Moslem women a/rit and those who claim this one untold sorrow is the practice of as their lover will take their turn, divorce at the merest whim of the while the others rest. So it goes husband, and the taking away of on, with short intervals, until the her children. The divorced wife final sacrifice. If this is a sheep, of the Sheikh who was my friend, told me her story in bitterness of the woman for whom the Zar is heart not so much because a rival given rides round the room on it, then its throat is cut and she be- *SimUar Zat'8, I am told, are beld, but dabbles herself in the blood, while secretly, by men to propitiate female aja.rit some is sprinkled on all those and in a settlement of descendants of freed around and in the house itself. slaves near lsmailia, I have beard there are The same is done if a fowl is sacri- regular Zars in which both men and women ficed, except the riding on it. While take part together, the object of which I have dancing, or at this stage, the woIp- lIot clearly discovered. It does not appear to an may fall into an ecstasy and be open license. whatever she demands of clothes or jewelry, while in this state, must The e:IIect of these Zars on the character of be given her, as it is the a/rit who the persons concerned is very noticeable. demands them for her to make her They often become morose, irritable and more attractive to him. The silver mentally dull, while in the actual attack of rings worn by so many women and demon possession, to which all are liable, girls with colored glass in them, there is a change varying from mere anger are much sought and a frequent to absolute change of personality. I have known girls who were well known among the neighbors to be possessed by four or seven demons; they would attend any Zar and dance when- ever the tune of anyone of their special afMit was heard.

The hold of the Zar on the woman is not, I think, religious. It seems to be either a relic of primitive animism or an 11IllPOrtation from the pagan tribes of the Sudan, probably brought by slaves. The fact that the musicians are generally Sudanese, as well as the Sheik· bas, who really ha.ve 8. la.rge mesmeric power, would seem to support this idea. D. G. P.

r eigned in her place only a stone's of wealth who is in advance of her throwaway, but because her three time. Madame Sharawie meets young sons were cared for by the much opposition, especially from rival and were allowed by the father only to visit their mother. women. Under the care of this movement is a school where weav- Dark as these superstitions are, ing and home'economics are taught. it is gratifying that a small number of women who have been grop- The program of the Feminist ing their way are now coming Movement translated briefly is as A HIGH CLASS EGYPTIAN WOMAN AND follows: SERVANT IN CAIRO 1. To raise the intellectual and moral courageously to the front in their condition of woman that she may realize efforts to defy customs which so her political and social equality with mar their lives and hinder their men. progress. 2, To demand free acCESS to higher There area number of societies schools for all girls desirous of instrucof Moslem women recently sprung t i o n. up, among the most important being Fa,tat Misr el Fata, (The 3. To reform customs relative .to mar- Young Womanhood of Young riage to t he end of permitting both Egypt) and the Feminist Move- parties to become acquainted before bement, the latter headed by Madame coming engaged. Huda Sharawie, a cultured woman 4. To reform certain customs and laws to preserve woma n from the in- justice which the practice of bigamy and repudiation often cause her.

5. To promulgate a law fixing the mar- riageable age at 16.

6. To carryon active propaganda in favor of public hygiene.

7. To encourage virtue and combat vice.

8. To combat superstitions and cus- toms which do not accord with reason.

9. To propagate the ideas of the society through the voice of the press.

It must be born in mind that as yet there is no feminist movement in Egypt such as there is in many a Western country. All of these women's movements have only reached the initial stage, that is, a few individual women have at- tained a sufficient degree of cul- ture and freedom to enable them to believe in the ultimate cause and triumph of their own cause. These few women speak and write and labor incessantly with their own circle of friends, and little by little the impression that they are mak- ing is deepening. Within the last six or seven years they have been able with the help of their advanced and enlightened brothers to pro- mote the cause of education among women. Sixteen years ago there were only two Government schools

192!l] WOMEN AND SOCIAL CONDITIONS IN EGYPT

for girls in all Egypt. Now all of have come into being. These deal the large cities have several well with all questions of interest to equipped and fully staffed Govern- women and they are usually edited ment schools. Besides these each by women, chiefly in Arabic but provincial capital as well as every sometimes in French. The printed town of any importance, has its page in Egypt carries with it a well organized school for girls. tremendous amount of authority Some years ago it would have been and although the total number of impossible to find girls enough to women who can read and write is fill these schools, much less could proportionately extremely low teachers have been found to staff (Moslems .006 per cent, Copts .98 the schools. As yet there has not per cent, Protestants .232 per been much progress in securing cent), yet these women read to free access to professional schools others or discuss with others the for young women, but at the things which they have read.

present time they are admitted to It was my privilege to attend a the School of Medicine for train- meeting of the Feminist Movement ing in nursing and midwifery. which was addressed by a woman A quiet persistent education of from India. There were nearly a the general, public is going on, hundred women in attendance and which tends to permit young people the address which was given in to meet each other and become ac- English was translated into French quainted before marriage. This of and the response was made in course gives to young women much fluent French. It was indeed in- more choice in regard to marriage spiring to see a few Moslem women than formerly, when everything with so many advanced ideas in was arranged by relatives who their heads, but one is constantly were supposed to know much better saddened by the reflection that than the young people themselves without Christ there is no stability what sort of a partner they re- to this progress. Already one quired in life. Already a law has hears of suspicion and jealousy been passed fixing the marriage- among them and already Christian able age at sixteen for girls and women who have thrown in their eighteen for boys. lot with the Moslem women in seek- Probably the hardest task that ing social and political reforms these new women of Egypt have have been given to understand that set themselves is that of combating they need expect no place of leader- superstitions and customs which ship in a distinctly Moslem land.

do not accord with reason. This Without doubt Christian mis- will mean the destroying of much sions have had much to do in of the great web of Islamic life. taking the lead and setting the ex- We all understand the hold which ample in these social reform move- superstitions and customs have ments among the women of the upon the human race but few of us Orient. Many of the leaders in realize the strength of their hold Egypt have themselves been in and the terror exercised by them mission schools, and now their in many parts of the non-Christian daughters and nieces are getting world. their ideals for social service from Within the last few years a the same source. Christian mis- great many women's magazines sions are calling attention to the 2

high place that woman should oc- the community in which she lives. cupy and the influence that she Various missions in Egypt have should have in the whole com- established centers for child welmunity. Christian missions are al- fare and the training of mothers in so setting a higher standard of the care of their children. All of living. In some cases young men these efforts make a definite contrieven complain that mission-edu- bution toward the sum-total of cated girls demand better houses progress among the women of and better conditions than those of Egypt.

THE IMPORTANCE OF MISSIONS TO AFRICA* BY DR. FREDERICK P. KEPPEL President Of the Oarncgie Oorporation I HAD entirely underestimated the importance of Christian mis- sions as a factor in the development of peoples of low cultural level. In British Africa the work of the missions in the fields of elementary and higher education, of public health and hygiene, and in what may be called rural sociology, seems to be outstanding. Nor had I any conception as to the degree to which government pays directly or indirectly for such service, specifically in salaries, but in many other ways as well. The total must represent an item of major importance in mission budgets, and I question whether the supporters of missions at home appreciate either the amount involved or the responsibilities which its acceptance implies.

My impressions may be summarized as follows: first and foremost is the earnestness and devotion of the individual missionary. I do not recall a single incident of service which I could call perfunctory. Secondly, I would place the high quality of results obtained in view of the limitations existing.

All things considered, the work in the education of children and in health service is surprisingly good. The most significant step taken in this field has been the establishment of training schools for native supervisors. These are known as Jeanes schools, and are in effect a contribution from the experience of the United States in dealing with the Negro to the problems presented by the native Africans. Training of these native supervisors is based on a broad conception of community preparation for the life which the native will actually have to lead, rather than reliance, as has so often been the case, upon educational material and educational technique which have proved more or less satisfactory under whol1y different conditions. The program of the Jeanes school concentrates its attention upon the elements of agriculture, including marketing, home economics, hygiene and sanitation, the elements of construction and the practice of native arts and crafts.

"'Extracts from The InternutiQ'Ylal Review a! Missions (October, 1929). Dr. Keppel has recently visited the following parts of British Africa: Kenya, Uganda, Tanganyika, Southern Rhodesia and the Union of South Africa.

A GI,IMPSE OF NATIVE LIFE IN

ABYSSINIA AN EMERGING EMPIRE BY DR. H. A. KELSEY, New Concord, Ohio Tticc-Prl38ident 0/ ![uskingum Oolleue T o SUDDENDLY come into children have lived almost beyond touch with an empire of 12,- the notice of other men? That is 000,000 people, which claims the claim of present day Abys- Jewish origin and nearly two sinia, ancient Ethiopia. thousand years of Christian tra- There have been a few political dition, is disconcerting. Can it be contacts and a few "ferengies" possible that a nation of Solomon's from almost everywhere have 915

wandered in and out, but that is proud and self-reliant. Their all. Abyssinia is one of the most dress is primitive, what there is of isolated countries in the world. it; their homes small and uninvit- ing huts, and they have what we This isolation is not destined to would call a hard life, but they are continue. Abyssinia is awakening. a happy folk. Those who find any Many recent books by well-known opportunity are eager to learn, not world travelers and students of only from books, but especially natural history are creating a new concerning the great world outside. and rapidly widening interest in this hermit land. Her natural re- Social relationships are natursources are attracting attention. ally those which grow out of ages As usual a few intrepid mission- of primitive feudalism. Slaves are aries have plowed into her interior and have stirred her life from the common and their lives often bithumble slave to her lofty monarch. ingly severe, although they are not Nearly one hundred of her ambi- bought and sold openly. The tious youth are studying in nearly American word scarcely applies. two score colleges in half as many They are simply in service to their different nations of the world,hav- overlords who for lack of a better ing been 'sent out by their far-see- term they call "Big Men." It is a ing ruler, and they are compelling most colorful and interesting picthe world at large to notice this ture to see one of them out on the ancient home of Sheba's queen. highway, dressed in his clean shamma and over it the black The people of Abyssinia are woo len cloak emblematically black and primitive and some of adorned with the high horn over them border on savagery. Their the right shoulder, stately erect industries are almost entirely de- upon his white mule with his loyal voted to agriculture and stock and obedient retinue surrounding raising with methods as old as him. Walking close as they do and at attention, the man is well protime. Their educational system is tected. Some of them are armed lacking, except for a few promis- (albeit the guns are sadly out of ing mission schools, and one re- date); some are carrying burcently established at Addis Ababa dens;' some are attending the mule by King Tafari Makonen. Parts to prevent disaster if perchance of the territory are so hot and they should meet a honking Ford, sandy and dry that one feels they and all bearing mute testimony to are spawn of Sahara, and her the greatness of their master. This great lava beds speak of vast and custom is nation wide, reaching desolating volcanoes. In other re- from the lowliest plantation owner gions the towering mountains with up through the more influential almost perpendicular escarpments, business men and politicians and dropping for hundreds of feet, the various dejesmatches and crags and canons and monster rasses who govern the provinces rocks, create a feeling which James to his imperial highness, Tafari E. Baum, of the Field Museum, de- Makonen. scribes as "God-awful." It is a land of great possibility Abyssinian people are illiterate, from the standpoint of agriculture but they are also intelligent and and mineralogy. Great regions of courteous and ambitious. Mild in fertile soil stretch out to the north tone and quiet in manner, but

ABYSSINIA AN EMERGING EMPIRE

and west of the capital watered by wild life for the Field Museum at abundant rain and favored with Chicago. An endless number of an almost tropical climate, and mining experts are besieging the drained by long, winding, beauti- present king for concessions in the ful rivers. Almost anything will hope of amassing immense wealth grow in Abyssinia. Nor is it sur- from the various ores which they prising that the fauna of this emphatically declare (in private) great empire is attracting the nim- are stored in these towering mounrods of earth these days. A party tains. Hence Abyssinia is becomunder Dr. Wm. H. Osgood visited ing "infested" with white men. Abyssinia and returned with a The day when certain subtle peomost interesting display of all this ples hoped to swallow this nation DR. KELSEY A'l' 'l'HE ENTRANCE TO 'l'HE lIIISSION HOSPITAL IN ADDIS ABABA Entrance Tafari Makonen Hospital. Addis Ababa Abyssinia. This Hospital was erected by Dr.

Thos. Lambib. n U. P. Missionary to Abyssinia with mouey furnished by the late W. S. George, pottery manufacturer of East Palestine, Ohio. Dr. Kelsey in the foreground.

up without making a ripple on the Some American diplomats might political sea is past, and there is a well sit at his feet and learn. reason. Burdened with countless details There is great internal anima- which most rulers might easily tion. The empire is coming to life. delegate to others and undertaking There is a new realization of her a program far in advance of the resources and strength. The chief vision of his countrymen, yet he source of her new life is her reign- has plenty of time and endless ing king, Tafari Makonen, a young patience. At the first approach he dynamo. .He works very quietly, seems weary and burdened, but but is starting wheels to spin, the flash of his eye and his quick turning on the lights of education response at once indicate that he is awake and alert. A WELL DRESSED MATRON IN A HIGH CLASS ABYSSINIAN HO:-'lE His reception hall and dining room, splendid but not gorgeous, and religion, calling attention to have welcomed men and women the nation's vast wealth and en- from the courts of all the civilized couraging his people to help him nations and these doors have been utilize it. Perhaps if all mon- likewise open to hundreds from archies could be ruled by such the humble walks of life. Among kings, there would be more mon- his friends Americans are cordialarchies. This young ruler is indeed ly received and not all who have a royal host. Although his life has enjoyed his hospitality have carbeen spent in "darkest Africa," his ried government commissions. Nor whole attitude and generous hos- have they all represented great popitality reveals the heart of a litical or commercial power. The gentleman. Beset with much sel- quiet missionary; the teacher of fish intrigue and a network of in- his "boys" overseas: the ambitious ternational complications, he deals engineer. and the humble artisan thoughtfully and kindly with all. have all been warmed by his gentle hospitality and they have found a ready listener to any message they have brought.

His greatest interest is reserved for those who seek to help him build an educational system and awaken the life of the ancient Cop- tic church to a real service for all Abyssinia. Ethiopia is emerging into something very different from the life it has known for 3,000 years, and no young man in the world needs more the prayers and encouragement 0 f Christians everywhere than this real friend of youth and life-the recently crowned King of ancient Ethiopia. His key position and his genuine Christian ideals mean much to the modern world.

WE FOLLOW THE APOSTOLIC WAY?

BY HOWARD A. BANKS Editor of ((Chri-st Life"

PAUL preached the Gospel in there some years ago and went to Asia and EUrope, and passed London to undertake the task of on, leaving a native church, be- telling the Christian world how he hind him in the cities he visited. believes the globe can be evangel- ized in a generation if Pauline Sometimes he revisited and en- methods are employed. couraged that native church, but he left the responsibility on the For eight years the World Doshoulders of the local elders. minion Press of London has sought to keep the Christian world posted Twenty-eight years ago John R. with up-to-date information about Mott issued his challenge in his the unreached fields, cooperating "Evangelization of the World in with aU mission enterprise, in This Generation." It thrilled the order to secure this information, Church like a blast from Roland's and to inspire men and women to horn to his battle hosts. He go out into these Gospel-needy showed in several chapters the pos- areas in the Pauline, New Testasibility of it in view of the achieve- ment way. ments of the first generation of Christians; in view of some mod- Old Missions Dig In Too Deep ern missionary achievements; in view of the opportunities, facili- "The majority of the already ties and resources of the Church, existing missions," says Dr. Coch- and the burning conviction of lead- rane, "are doing an intensive work.

ers of the Church that it could be In their beginnings they had a done. That book was published in vision no doubt that reached over 1901. If a generation is about vast spaces, but after getting thirty-three years, then that gen- established they become more or eration ends in 1934. So but five less localized. They are doing this years remain to finish the task! intensive work around their sta- How nearly is it completed? tion or compound. There is no end Vast areas with millions of pop- to its intensiveness. You know ulation in Tibet, Afghanistan, you can do a vast deal for one man Central Africa, Amazonia, Central -for a comparatively few. They Europe, Western Asia, India, New have built pretentious and expen- Guinea and many smaller islands si;ve buildings oftentimes, and have of the sea remain untouched. been gradually led on to consider A volume could be written to that they are limited as to the area show why the work is still unfin- they can evangelize. They have ished. Can it be done· within dug in."

another generation from now? World evangelizers need to get Dr. Thomas Cochrane, a Scotch- away from the long followed plan man who labored for 22 years in of curtailing the work, even recaII- North China with the rich blessing ing missionaries, because the home of God upon his work, resigned board gets in debt, or of sending from his medical mission work out an extra missionary or two on 919

a little spurt if there has been an Jew and Greek and Barbarian unusually generous year back alike."

home. A fuller use of the native 3. A new era is dawning upon church will help vastly to solve the the world. There are new inven- problem of advance and of giving tions. Men are thinking new millions more the opportunity of thoughts and following new meth- learning that they have a Saviour ods. If we would properly per- who died for them. form our task, we must follow the Continents or great national methods of St. Paul. "The oldest areas need to be studied as a whole missions are the most expensive,"

by every mission at work on them, declares Dr. Cochrane, "and mis- and the evangelization coordinated sionary enterprise is tending to be- in a better cooperation. Mission come more and more expensive in work has gone on in too haphazard operation. The London Mission- a way in this regard. The parcel- ary Society in which I served for ing out of the mission fields among years has arranged to transfer one the various boards has not proved of its missions after one hundred as advantageous as hoped, and in years to a neighboring missionary some instances jealousy of this society, in order to cut down ex- possession has led missions who pense. It suggests a sort of mer- actually could not do the work chandise transaction, and grieves from allowing others to go in who me."

could. 4. An "indigenous church" is a Some of the foundation princi- vital necessity. "This transfer is ples of this plan are emphasized a result of not having established by Dr. Cochrane: and cultivated an indigenous 1. The Christian Church has church. This is a phrase coming never tapped the resources of an more and more into use in mission- omnipotent God. The principle of ary reports and writings. That is atomic energy needs to be applied partly because of the interest our by the Church in a spiritual sense. little group has created and circu- With an omnipotent God the im- lated in its literature. It is dis- possible is possible-even the evan- appointing how few can define gelization of the world in a gen- what an "indigenous church" is.

eration. But this power cometh A Splendid Example not save by prayer and fasting.

2. In the Kingdom of God there "Without a live indigenous is no nationality. "I was standing church the task of world evangel- on a hilltop in China once," says ization is impossible. When we Dr. Cochrane, "having an interview speak of the untouched fields we with a leading Chinese Christian. think of Tibet, Afghanistan, Cen- As the setting sun made a golden tral Africa, and the South Amer- path of glory in the sky, we talked ican Indians, perhaps, but we have of spiritual things. I forgot that little conception of the vast un- he was Chinese and he that I was reached masses surrounding most a Scotchman. Bare soul touched of the long established mission bare soul. In Christ there is work in all foreign fields. In neither Jew nor Greek. In the Japan the rural regions are prac- little time there is left to me to tically untouched. One Christian work I desire to pay my debt to to nine or ten million is still un-

SHALL WE FOLLOW THE APOSTOLIC WAY?

evangelized. In Korea, China, 7. Many have made the mistake Russia, Asia, the progress of mis- of building great colleges, often at sions is slow as compared with the huge expense, to offer a finished growth of the population. Only a culture to the native converts.

corner of Mongolia is touched. A When we have created an indige- whole generation has passed since nous church, the Godly native Gilmour went in, labored and died. Christians themselves have trained Unless we speed up, the Russian their children in Christian homes, Red may make the work impos- and these children have become sible. leaders in evangelizing their com- "India has 40,000,000 unreached munities.

population with all its missions, "If we can persuade others to Indo-China 18,000,000. We have get this vision and cooperate, we been singing for ages about Cey- believe we can see the world evan- lon's spicy breezes, and as we sing gelized in this generation. A we do not realize there are a mil- young native convert on a field we lion or more without the Gospel in are in touch with, complained re- that island. gretfully that he could only deal "Missionaries are going to with four or five hundred people places easy of access. Arabia and in six months! If every native North Africa are the keystone of evangelist would do that much, Islam, and they are hard fields. vast progress would be made. Op- North and Central Africa is 90 per portunity is slipping away. A cent Islamic." large village in Africa not long ago 5. The missionary societies have asked for a Christian teacher.

been thinking in terms of needs- None was available, and in a year not need. The missionary purpose that village was entirely Moham- is singlar, not plural. We think medan.

of the medical need, the educa- "Our idea is to have a capital tional need, and the like. But there fund, the interest tc be used in se- is only one need-lost souls. If we curing and disseminating infor- can meet the one fundamental mation, and keeping it up-to-date, need, all subordinate needs will be and to aid as far as possible, those met. who will adopt our methods, Paul's 6. Material resources are not methods-not the static method absolutely essential to an indige- nor the stipendiary system. The nous church. Missionary advance more largely we can interest God's work has all too much been de- people to put up the money, the pendent on the amount of money more we can accomplish. All the home church has annually been these plans and resources are of able to send out. But the impor- course useless apart from the help tant thing is spontaneous expan- of the Spirit of God."

sion. A wonderful change comes A man in sympathy with this into the life when a man or woman Apostolic method went to a mission is really converted. He or she has in China, and refused to look at the got a tremendous secret of life and fine school buildings and the neat hope which must be poured out church. He amazed the missionary into the first willing ear. That group by saying, "I only want to was the way the early church ex- see your unfinished task as shown panded. in the unreached multitudes."

MISSIONARIES IN BORNEO*

BY REV. R. A. JAFFRAY, Wuchow, China O VER a year ago, pressed in Christians may worship and there spirit for the lost in the had been a Chinese Church, but it South Sea Islands, the writer had sickened and died three years set forth to visit some of the un- previous. There seemed to be no reached parts of the vast mission aggressive witness of the Gospel in field of the Dutch East Indies. Re- this great cosmopolitan centre.

turning after two months travel- Thank God a Chinese pastor, S. W.

ling, four cities were especially Chue, has been laboring in Makas- laid on his heart. Night and day sar since July, 1928.

the words "Samarinda," "Balik- In Surabaya, the great com- papan," "Makassar," and "Sura- mercial centre of Eastern Java, baya" sounded in his ears. The called by the Chinese Sz-shui (Four darkness of those four places is Waters) , there is considerable probably in the order in which Christian Christian work and we they are named here, and we de- were pleased to meet a company of termined by the grace of God to earnest Cantonese Christians, but do our utmost to bring the Gospel they were a little flock of sheep Light to those who sit in "dark· without a shepherd. They had no ness and in the shadow of death." Chinese leader or preacher and Samarinda and Balik-papan, are pled with me to send them a located on the east coast of Borneo. Chinese worker from China. An- Here darkness reigned. There was other of our Wuchow Bible School no witness for Christ in either of graduates, Mr. T. H. Loh, has been these cities or any of the surround- called to this church and is now doing and neighboring cities on the ing excellent work in Surabaya.

east coast of Borneo. The doctrine Thus, to sum up what the Lord of "the false prophet," Moham- has done in the past twelve months med, and heathenism abounded. for these four cities: First, a suit- We sent forth the challenging call able Chinese preacher has been a year ago-"Who will open a found for Surabaya; Second, Pas- Gospel Hall for the Lord Jesus in tor S. W. Chue has reopened the Samarinda and Balik-papan?" The work in Makassar and has gathered call has been answered first by a little company of Chinese Chris- Chinese evangelists, who, thank tians around him; Third, Mr. C.

God, are now located there as the Y. Lam, with his family, are first missionaries of the Cross of located at Samarinda; and fourth, Christ. we hope that Mr. K. L. Lin will In Makassar, the capital of the take up the work at Balik-papan.

Celebes, there is a Dutch Protes- So we thank God that these four tant Church, where also Malay "other cities also" are hearing the *A ypar ago t1w "'Tilf'!" made his first trip glad sound of the Gospel. to fhp j)nfl'h J,:<I~t I!lCIi~8. I hnve HOW ]"P- The recent trip to the Dutch ('('ntly returllt'ti from a second trip, made with East Indies had for its first purtla~ Jll1r.])()Sf~ of placing two new Chinese mis- pose the locating of Mr. C. Y. Lam SiOllHl'i{'s on the field. rrhey are located on and Mr. K. L. Lin in their new work. the east coast of Borneo, where Gospel Halls ure- being- oppned in the cities of Samarinda and Balik-papall.-R. A. J.

922 Before leaving Wuchow, a solemn Negotiations for the new chapel dedicatory service was held when being closed, I at once left for a a number of Chinese leaders and trip to the interior. The name of missionary brethren laid their the river motor boat was the hands upon the heads of these two "Dyak" and this name embodied young men in the Name of the the object of our trip to the in- Lord. A farewell service was held terior. Samarinda is situated on in Hongkong, attended by five hun- the Mahakam River about eighty dred Chinese Christians. The meet- miles from the coast. The "Dyak"

ing was in a sense something carried us another 220 miles into unique in the history of our the interior of Borneo to a city Chinese work. It was a real called Long Iram. We will not take Chinese foreign missionary fare- time in this article to describe this well service. Many such meetings trip, but will leave it for a later have been held as Chinese workers article. The entire interior of left for a needy field in their own Borneo up this river is without one country, but probably this was the witness of the Gospel of Christ.

first time that Chinese mission- We passed a score of towns on the aries had been sent forth to a way, inhabited by Malays, Arabs, foreign land as missionaries of the Indians, Chinese and Dyaks. In Cross to bring the Gospel not only each town there was a Moham- to their own people, but with the medan mosque, but no Gospel Hall.

purpose of learning a foreign lan- The Dyaks, the aboriginal tribes- guage and preaching Christ to an- men of the interior of Borneo, other race. The missionary meeting have been crowded from the coast lasted two hours and a half. and even from the banks of the In a most wonderful way the river and have made their dwell- Lord led us to a suitable place to ing away in the interior, in the serve as a chapel the day after we mountains and jungles of Central arrived in Samarinda. We knew Borneo.

only one Chinese Christian in this The trip required one week and city, a Fukienese merchant, whom on returning to Samarinda the last we met last year. He and his of the work on the repairs of the family, especially his mother, who Chapel were about complete. On had at one time been a Bible woman Sunday, the 24th of February, a in Fukien Province, were delighted solemn but joyful service was held when they heard that our Chinese in the new Chapel to dedicate it brethren had really come to stay, to the Lord for service. Mr. C. Y.

and to establish His work in Sama- Lam, his wife and mother, Mr.

rinda. Mr. Chong did all that he K. L. Lin, and two Christians, one could to assist us in our search for from Fukien and one from Canton a suitable place to rent. The place Province, and the writer were to which the Lord directed us was present.

given us at a reasonable figure and Mr. Leland Wang, one of China's is suitable both as a home for the most consecrated Gospel preachers Chinese missionaries and also a and an evangelist who has had a Gospel Hall. It took a week to ministry in the salvation of souls clean the place up, and make cer- all over China, in response to a tain slight repairs. In the mean- clear call left China early in De- time we lived in a Chinese inn. cember for the South Seas. After

three months service for the Lord China, and the Islands of the South in the cities of Cochin-China, Cam- Seas converse together in the combodia, Malaysia, Java, and Celebes, mon Malay tongue. Even Chinese speaking in no less than twenty- from different parts of their own six centres, Brother Wang arrived country find it convenient to speak in Balik-papan, Borneo, on Febru- to one another in Malay. Pray that ary 28th, a place which the writer these two young men may become visited a year ago. During the real Malay scholars and able minthree days' sojourn there, two more isters of the Gospel. Chinese Christians were found and the time was well spent with them. At the farewell meeting in Hong- We tried to arrange a public meet- kong, reference was made to the ing for the Chinese, but the time meaning of the names of these was too short. We were able, how- young men. Mr. Lam's name ever, on Mr. Wang's arrival to Ching-ye means "Witness for gather these few Christians to- Jesus." Mr. Lin's name Kwonggether and exhorted them from the lan means "Coming of Light." Word of God. Mr. Leland Wang is from Fukien and these Chinese It is interesting to note how Christians are from Canton, there- these two young men were called fore he could speak to them, not in to Borneo. One morning in Novemtheir own language, but in English ber, 1928, the writer was heavily which the writer interpreted into burdened for Borneo. Suddenly Cantonese. We urged the four the thought came to me that if Christians of Balik-papan to rent a foreign missionaries are not yet pl~lCe where regular meetings could available why not send Chinese be held and we trust that our new- mlsslOnaries to these "other ly arrived Chinese workers in cities"? At once these two young Samarinda will be aWe to minister men came vividly to mind. At the to them and that ere long a Gospel time one was employed as a Hall will be opened in Balik-papan preacher in a Chinese Church in also. There are 3,000 Chinese in Hongkong and the other was folthis city. lowing a rather ambitious educa- tion course. We could do but one Our two Chinese missionaries thing-commit them to the Lord of are commencing at once in a the Harvest. At once He began to thorough course of study in the work in the hearts and lives of Malay language. This is to be these men and it was not long betheir chief work for the first year fore ·they were set free, not by human manipulation, but by the at least. In the meantime they will, Hand of God. They both made full of course, when formal permission surrender of themselves to Christ from the Dutch Colonial Govern- in laying down all personal ambiment is obtained, commence to tions in view of His call to service preach in their own Cantonese in Borneo. tongue, to the Chinese. A much greater field of usefulness, how- The "wild man" of the interior ever, will open to them as soon as of Borneo and the Celebes still they are able to preach in the Ma- calls, "Come over and help us." lay language. These cities are "the Many of the Islands of the South melting pot" of the Far East, but Seas still wait for the Light of all varieties from India, from the Gospel. Their cry also comes today, "Come over and help us."

SELF-EVANGELIZATION OF

WHAT CAN THE PARIAH CHRISTIANS Do?

BY MRS. W. W. DUFF, Kasur, Panjab " T Mi88i(}nafY oj the Presbyterian Board af Fore'ign MissiQ"ns churches. EN thousand Christians in ing, self-propagating one small district of Kasur! Why this state of affairs?

Then isn't the missionary's For a generation Christian mis- job there about finished? Why sionaries had been assailing the not move out, and let those ten strongholds of Hinduism and Mo- thousand evangelize the others 7" hammedanism in this district, but That is a fair question. It is one only here and there, and a,t long in- that we have been asking ourselves. tervals, had they succeeded in mak- If Jesus could trust the evangeliza- ing even the smallest breach in tion of the world to his handful of those stubborn walls of caste prej- followers, why not leave the Chris- udice. In-bred pride of birth tianization of Kasur district of the rebelled against the doctrine of Panjab to the, ten thousand of His universal brotherhood, and the baptized followers already scat- iron chains of caste and custom tered through her three hundred restrained even those few who villages? Has the missionary be- would have adventured into the come too officious, endeavoring to new religion. They had nothing to steady the ark of God with a nerv- gain, and everything to lose by any ously solicitous hand? Before change, so, in anger or disdain, trying to answer the question, let they shook their heads and turned us take a look at the quality, as well away.

as the quantity of the Christians But always, just skirting the in Kasur. outer edges of those hostile high For the past three years Mr. caste crowds, had been a sprink- Duff and I have known the privi- ling of the despised and outcaste leges and provocations of district serfs, listening too. They had been work in the heart of the "mass- told that God and religion were movement" area of the Panjab. By outside their pale. Their dulled "mass movement" we mean that minds were not expected to grapple singular epidemic of conversions to with theology. But one thing they Christianity which twenty years caught, that for some amazing ago was bringing men, not indi- reason, the missionary treated vidually, but by whole communities them as men. Here was, apparent- at a time, into the new religion. ly, a friend. Perhaps he could and Most of our ten thousand Chris- would do something to help them tians, (which is a larger number, out of their degradation and pov- I believe, than in any other district erty. Perhaps he would use his in the province) were inherited, influence with government to get ready-made, from previous genera- them land of their own, or would tions of missionaries. Yet we find take their part against the oppres- ourselves still struggling to build sion of the land holders. It was an ignorant and inert mass of worth a try, anyhow. They, at least, semi-heathenism into self-support- had nothing to lose, and might 925

gain much by any change, so, get his living from such people, with motives sometimes entirely is taking a step of heroic faith. He worldly, or badly mixed, they be- suffers uncertainty and real priva- gan to come. Timidly at first, by tion. Can we, with comfortable twos and threes they came, suf- incomes from a mission board, ex- fering in the beginning some os- pect an Indian fellow worker to tracism from their own brother- make such sacrifice? And yet, by hoods. Then by whole families, continuing his support, are we not and villages en masse, they clam- pauperizing his church? The di- ored for admission to the Kingdom. lemma is real.

The missiOnary, facing that Second comes the problem of il- eager mob almost single-handed, literacy, coupled with almost total was baffled by the enormity of his indifference to education. The opportunity and his problem. difficulties of church management Looking back after twenty years, in an illiterate group are well illus- it is easy to say that he made a trated by an incident in one of our mistake in letting down the bars village congregations. An elder which normally condition baptism, was to be elected. Nominations and in admitting many who scarce- were numerous. The blue book ly understood what it was all says "elect by ballot," but scarcely about. But in his place, would we three members of the community have found it possible or right to could read or write. Mr. Duff had discourage that dimly-conscious, to resort to the device of having blind groping for something the whole congregation file past higher? To numbers, the adoption him, and whisper in his ear the of Christianity undoubtedly meant name for which each wished to a spiritual re-birth; at least it vote.

brought to all, for the first time, Schools are being established for a taste of self-respect, a hopeful Christians, but the people who looking up, a stirring of deadened have been denied the privileges of ambitions. Was not all that worth education for unnumbered genera- conserving at some price? tions, are slow to see its value, and There was the price, and we are they feel the need of the money paying it now. The present mis- their children could earn out of sionary has fallen heir to a per- school. We visited a school one plexing and discouraging situation morning shortly after 10 A. M. and which has resulted from this leni- were surprised to find, of the thir- ent policy. He faces the task of teen boys enrolled, only two pres- integrating all this unpromising ent, and no teacher in evidence. He material into a vigorous, self-con- had gone, the two boys told us, to scious, expanding, Spirit-moved round up the missing eleven if he church. Can it be done? could. He had to do that sort of In the first place he encounters thing nearly every morning, in the distressing poverty of the order to have any school at all.

people. What hope of a self-sup- A still deeper difficulty lies in porting church among men desti- the low ethical standards among tute of bread enough to satisfy the outcaste people from whom their own hunger? A Christian these Christians come. While evangelist who cuts himself off Hindus and Mohammedans come from mission support, expecting to far enough short of Christian

THE SELF-EVANGELIZATION OF INDIA

standards of honesty and purity, ual awareness, and much engross- in their case, public opinion puts ment in worldly matters. Many of some restraint on unsocial im- the men come to us, not to learn pulses. The outcaste, however, is of God, but hoping to get land. scarcely expected to bother with Sixty-five families in Luliani went morals at all. It is taken for grant- over to the Roman Catholics a few ed that he will steal if he gets a years ago, because they had the chance, and be as promiscuous in idea that the Roman Catholics were sex relations as opportunity offers. going to give them land; when the Such things have scarcely yet be- land failed to materialize, they come a matter of conscience among came back to us a year later. The some of the uninstructed Chris- women interrupt the Scripture lestians. One young woman who was son to ask if we are never going to put forward for baptism, was take these baskets of cow-dung off asked her husband's name. The evangelist (himself of pariah their heads, their badge of servibirth), pointed out a young man in tude. Can we blame them? If the group and said: "That is the wealth and luxury give birth to man she is living with, though she materialism, no less do ugly povis not married to him. But he is a erty and a desperate scramble for Christian, so he wants her to be bread smother the finer instincts one too." of the soul. Is it possible for the new Christian, scarcely removed Mr. Duff turned in some indig- from the pariah, living on a dungnation to the evangelist. "And do heap, spat upon and cursed, houndyou consider such a woman fit for ed by want, to be spiritually church membership? And do you minded? Possible perhaps, but countenance such conduct in a very difficult. Christian man?" Growing out of all these other "Well, you see, it really isn't difficulties is the last hindrance I their fault," explained the evange- shall mention, to the upbuilding of list, placatingly. "They would like a self-propagating Panjabi church, to be married, but she has a hus- and that is the lack of any sense band who refuses to grant her a of responsibility for the Christiandivorce, so what can they do 7" izing of their high caste neighbors; that is considered the job of the Related to their unmoral stand- mission-paid agent, or the missionards, is the materialistic view- ary. It has not occurred to them point of these people. America has that it should be their work. To been hearing much lately, through anyone with insight into caste psy- Stanley Jones and others, of the chology the reason is clear. That spiritual sensitiveness of the In- these despised serfs should suddendian. And true it is that the caste ly assume the role of religious in- Hindu, of whom he speaks, is structors of their masters, is an capable of a personal and mystic idea so preposterous as to be alspirituality, a detached other- together unthinkable. worldliness, which is usually quite unrelated to social ethics, and air- I shall never forget my first ily free from any sense of respon- experience with the problem in sibility for his outcaste neighbors. Kasur district. It had been my But in my experience with outcaste practice each day to visit first the communities, I find little of spirit- Christian section of the village,

and after meeting with the women son of the missionary reaching out there, to make a call or two in the a hand to lift up the untouchables.

non-Christian homes in the more We already see the results of the aristocratic quarter. One day I lesson in the many reform move- conceived the plan of taking some ments springing up among the of the Christian women with me, Hindus and Mohammedans, with and giving them a small share in the purpose of reclaiming the presenting the message, by singing pariah.

a hymn or two. Strange to say, the In the second place, outcaste only opposition I met was not from work, in spite of its discourage- offended high caste hostesses, but ments, has justified itself in the from the timidly reluctant Chris- production here and there of out- tian women. At first it was hard standing Christian leaders, who even to get them to understand have gained prestige even among what I wanted. When asked to lead the highest castes by their up- the way to some non-Christian rightness and ability. There is, home, they took me a few doors too, a gradual raising of the whole to another Christian home. economic level of these people.

When with coaxing and exhort- This is due, in part, to education ing, I got them at last to the door and to the increased independence of a Hindu home, they fled in a of Christian communities fostered panic, when they heard footsteps by their new self-respect. In some approaching. Eventually I led them quarters mission and government into the courtyard. The hostess, have successfully led in certain ag- perhaps for my sake, was gracious ricultural experiments, such as to them, and even asked them to chicken raising and tenant-farm- sit down, but they were too dumb- ing in land newly opened by canals.

founded to do it. Instead, they But best of all, there is growing up lined themselves up in a row in these villages a standard of life against the wall, and refused to called Christian, which is definitely open their mouths. I had to sing higher than the standard that pre- my hymns alone after all. How vails for the outcaste, and in some long will it take even ten thousand respects higher than Hindu and of such Christians to evangelize the Mohammedan ideals.

rest of Kasur? But the missionary's task is not What shall we do about it? Give yet completed. We must Chris- up these outcastes and concentrate tianize the outcaste, grapple with on the higher classes? I think not. great living problems of his pov- In the first place, there could be no erty, his ignorance, his unmorality, more effective method for demon- his unspirituality, and his sense of strating to the high castes the real inferiority. That is a task to chal- meaning of Christianity, than by lenge the faith and courage of man, setting before them this object les- a task impossible without God.

When Gordon Maxwell, a missionary to India, asked a Hindu pundit if he would teach him his language, the Hindu pundit replied, "No, sahib, I will not teach you my language. You would make me a Christian." Gordon Maxwell replied, "You misunderstand me. I simply am asking you if you would teach me your language." The Hindu replied again, "No, sahib, I will not teach you. No man can live with you and not become a Christian."

AUTHOR AND KURDS IN FRONT OF THEIR TYPlf'AI, RFlI,m-WALLl'lD

THE KURDS OF KHORASAN BY REV. DWIGHT M. DONALDSON, Ph.D., D.D., Meshed, Persia / CCORDING to early Persian The fact that Iraq and Khorasan f i geographers and astrologers, are governed by the greatest of the world is divided into the heavenly bodies mentioned seven climates. TltIe word climate would suggest the Magian ori- came into Persian as well as into gin of this divisioI of the climates, English from the Greek, but there for the fourth climate, thus spe- is also an old Persian word, kish- cially honored was their own. And war, which is used in much the the name Khorasan, "the land of same meaning. Each of these seven the sun," the most eastern prov- climates was considered to be par- ince of the old Sassanian empire, ticularly under the influence of one indicates that this astrological divof the planets. Saturn dominates ision of the world is a very ancient over Hindustan, the first climate; one.

China and Khota, which make up The old city of Kuchan lies about the second climate, are ruled by eight miles from the site of the Jupiter; Turkestan, the third c1i- modern town. The old city was mate, is assigned to Mars; the sun known as Khabushan, which in the governs Iraq and Khorasan, the thirteenth century the Mongols fourth climate; Transoxiana, the pronounced Kuchan. It is menfifth climate, is subject to Venus; tioned as early as 1340 A. D. by Greece and the Turkish Empire the Arab geographer Mustawfi as (Rum) make up the sixth climate a "medium sized town of the under Mercury; and the "hyper- Fourth Clime." He relates that it borean regions" are the seventh was reported to have many declimate, which fs under the author- pendencies, and that in the govern- ity of the moon. ment registers the district had the 3 9~

name of Usta (or Ustava), mean- these brethren (as they are seldom ing probably "the Highland." without), he that is overcome, if he be not slaine, flieth to the field Kuchan was destroyed in the with such companie of men as will course of the Mongol invasions, followe him, and there liveth in but was restored by Hulagu Khan, the wildernesse resorting to waterand by his grandson, Arghun ing places, and so robbethand Khan, many additional buildings spoileth as many Caravans 'Of Mar~ were erected. The climate is de- chants and others as they be able scribed as excellent, with abundant to overcome, continuing in this crops of wheat, cotton, grapes and sort of wicked life, until such time fruit. The river Atrak passes as he may get power and aide to Kuchan and flows on to the Dihi- invade s 0 m e of his brethren stan frontier, and thence to the Caspian Sea. "Its length is 120 againe." leagues: it is a very deep river , At Urgence Master Jenkinson and hardly anywhere is it possible was the guest of Ali Sultan, one to ford it. On its banks, for the of the brothers of Azim Khan, and most part, the traveler is never he remarks that his host had but lately "returned from a town free from fear of high'waymen." * called Corasan (which is Meshed, the capital of Khorasan), within It is this 'remark about the high- the borders of Persia, which he had waymen that gives the key to the conquered from the Persians, with study of all this district dUring the whom he and the rest of the kings last six hundred years. The Eng- of Tartaria have continual wars." lish traveler, Master Anthonie Mention is also made of a terrible Jenkinson, who made an adventur- plague that swept this country in ous journey in 1558 from Moscow the year 1558, when more than one to Bokhara, describes the Turko- hundred thousand of the Turkomans whom he encountered in this mans perished.- region. All the land from the Caspian Sea to the city of Urgence, he That in some respects the tribes said, was called the land of the o f Turkomans resembled the Turkoman, and was subject to a American Indians may be seen certain Azim Khan and his five from a further quotation of this brothers. It was not a case of gen- English traveler's description of eral family cooperation, however, the life he found them living in "for everyone will be king in his the sixteenth century. "From the own portion, and one brother seek- Caspian Sea unto the . castle of eth always to' destroy another, Sellizure aforesaid, and all. the having no natural love among countries about the said sea, the them, by reason that they are be- people live without towne or habigotten of divers women, and com- tation in the wilde fields, removing monly they are the children of from one place to another in great shives, either Christians or Gen- companies wit h their cattel, tiles, which the father doeth keep whereof they have great store, as as concubines, and every Can or camels, horses, and sheep, both Sultan hath at least four or five tame and wilde. Their sheep· are wives, besides yong maidens and of great stature and with great boyes, living most viciously: and buttocks, weighing sixty or eighty when there are warres betwixt pour-ds in weight. There are many .yustnwfi. p. 149 and 205.

19291 THE KURDS OF KHORASAN

wilde horses which the Tartars do son, in order to gain opportunity many times kill with their hawkes, to establish his own government in and that in this order. The Persia, Shah 'Abbas 1. ceded sevhawkes are lured to sease upon the eral of his western provinces (Adbeasts neckes or heads, which with harbaijan, Shahrizur, and Lurischafing of themselves and sore tan) to the Turks. Twenty-two beating of the hawkes are tired: years later, however, when he had then the hunter following his game grown more powerful, he recovdoeth slay the horse with his ered most of this territory, and in order to protect his northeast borarrow or sword. In all this land der from the raids of the Turkothere groweth no grasse, but it cer- mans, he transported 15,000 Kurds tain brush or heath, whereon the to the frontier of Khorasan. Colcattel feeding become very fat. onies of Kurds were established at three points,-Bujnurd, Kuchan, "The Tartars never ride with- and Darrah Gaz. They were of out their bow, arrowes, and sword, the Zafaranlu tribe, and the largest although it be on hawking, or at Kurdish settlement was at Kuchan, any other pleasure, and they are under the hereditary rule of one good' archers both on horseback of their own chiefs, who was known as the Ilkhani. and on foote also. These people have not the use of golde, silver, A modern Persian writer, Mirza or any other coyne, but when they Muhammad Taqi Khan (Ganj lacke apparell or other neces- Danish, p. 370), in his account of saries, they barter their cattell for Kuchan, designates it as one of the same. Bread they have none, the chief cities of the Kurdish disfor they neither till nor sow: they trict of Khorasan, with a populabe great devourers of fiesh, which tion of five or six thousand famithey cut in small pieces, and eat lies. He says, however, that most it by ha,ndfuls most greedily, and of these Kurds lived in villages especially the horseflesh. Their outside the city. The geographer chiefest drinke is mares milk Yakut relates that in his day (1225 sowred, as I have said before of A. D.), there were ninety-three the Nagayans, and they wilbe villages that belonged to Kuchan. drunk with the same. They have The whole plain was noted for its no rivers nor places of water in fertility, and beyond, to the east, this countrey, until you come to was the Nisa district, the modern thEdoresaid gulf, distant from the Darrah Gaz, which was the place place of our landing twenty days where for many years the Parthian journey and more. They eat their kings were buried. It is probable meate upon the ground, sitting that the city of Nisa was located with their legs double under them, where we now find the modern and so also when they pray. Art Muhammadabad, which is the or science they have none, but live principal town of Darrah Gaz (Le most idlely, sitting ro.und in great companies in the fields, devising Strange, "Lands of the Eastern and talking most vaineiy" ("The Caliphate," p. 394, note 2). Principal Voyages of the English Nation," Hakluyt Society, Every- The English traveler Fraser, in mans editions, vol. i, p. 450, 451). the account of his journey to Khorasan 'in 1825, observed that In 1590 A. D., a few years after water boiled in Kuchan at two the journey of Anthonie Jenken-

degrees lower temperature than in inhabitants of villages liable to Meshed, and accordingly he esti- their incursions." The prisoners mated its altitude to be over 4,000 they took were usually sold to the feet, or 1,000 feet higher than Uzbeks in Khiva and were often Meshed. While Fraser was in cruelly tortured. He cites the ac- Kuchan he had friendly association count of the embassy of General with the Ilkhani and his people. Mouravien to Khova in 1819-20, He mentions espesially the ex- who reported that there was some- treme hatred that these tribes, who thing like 30,000 captives in the had been located on the border by khanate of Khiva who had been Shah 'Abbas I., of the Safawi sold into slavery by the Turko- dynasty, came to have for the mans, who were known as the princes of the succeeding dynasty, "man-stealing Turks." M. Fer- the Kajars. On the other hand, rier also gives the following ac- the Kurds of Kuchan and the sur- count of how they organized their rounding villages were raided raids; from time to time by the Turko- "When a chief is determined to mans, but to be visited by the make a foray, he plants his lance, Kajar princes, accompanied by surmounted by his colors, into the bands of troops, was equally disas- ground in front of his tent, and trous. a crier invites all good Mussul- In 1837 'Abbas Mirza made a mans, in the name of the Prophet, special expedition into Khorasan to range themselves under his banto put down these rebellious chiefs, ner, and join in the raid upon the the most obstinate of whom was the Ilkhanf of Kuchan. The city Persian infidels.* His wishes, was besieged and taken and the Ilkhani was deposed. There was however, are no law to any of the much destruction at this time, but tribe, for the Turkoman enjoys as the Persian forces pressed on the most perfect liberty, and those to Sarrakhs and defeated the only who have confidence in their Solar Turkoman, liberating three chief ride up and strike their lances into the ground near his, the signal that the volunteer has de- thousand Persian captives who cided to follow his fortunes. When the chief thinks that he has aswere being sold from there as sembled a sufficient number of men slaves, we are led to suspect that to insure the success of the expedithe Kajar kings realized that the tion, he names that day month as Kurds had shown a disposition to the day of departure, this time becompromise with the Turkomans, and were not proving to be the ef- ing required for each man to get fective barrier that Shah 'Abbas his horse into that high state of condition without which he could had intended. not support the extraordinary A Terror to Travelers fatigue and hardships he has to A French military adventurer, undergo. .

M. Ferrier, who was in this part "During this month the forage of Persia in 1845 (Ferrier, "Cara- of a horse for twenty-four hours van Journeys Through Persia," p. consists of six pounds of hay or 81-85), remarks that "these Turk- clover-hay and about three pounds omans are, and with reason, a • The Turkomans are Bunni Muhammadans and the Persians belong to the Shi'ites. great terror to travelers and the

THE KURDS OF KHORASAN

of barley, or one-half the ordinary days the animal is capable of sup- quantity of corn. This reduces the porting the longest forced marches.

animal considerably in flesh, which Then, and not till then, their mas- is the object in view, the first step ters mount them and prepare for in his training; his pace improves the work of pillage.

under it, and he is thus prepared "Previously to this, however, for the strengthening and some- they look out for some hiding place what singlar food which he is sub- fortified by nature, which will fur- sequently to have. nish them with a secure retreat "The horse is then put to his full under adverse eventualities. While speed for half an hour every day, they are quietly resting themselves and is not fed until some consider- and their horses here, three or able time after he comes in: very four are detached from the band little water is given him, and if he to ascertain, if possible, whether is eager to drink it is a sign that any caravans are likely to pass.

he ought to fast a little longer; Sometimes these scouts will join but this training never exceeds a the kafila in the guise of inoffen- month. The thirty days having sive travelers, and as they go along elapsed, the Turkomans take the take very good care to find out the field, each of them with two horses; nature and value of the merchan- the one, the charger, which has dise, the number of armed men, been trained in the manner de- etc., and then suddenly disappear scribed; the other, a yaboo, or in- and convey this information to ferior animal used for burden, their companions. Though the which the Turkoman mounts on Turkomans do not run much risk leaving his aoul, encampment, and in such reconnaissances, they pre- which carries him to the Persian fer, for prudence sake, to obtain territory; the other follows him this information from Persians liv- without saddle or bridle, and never ing in the frontier villages, with strays from the party, for both whom they are frequently in com- have been accustomed to follow munication, and pay accordingly their master like dogs from the these vagabonds, who, without an time when they were foals. The idea of pity, thus deliver up their first day's march seldom exceeds unfortunate countrymen to these three parasangs; the second, four; bandits, explore the roads and give the third, five; and the fourth, six. intelligence, which is generally but When they arrive at this point the too accurate. During the time thus Turkomans change the forage of occupied in reconnoitering, the the charger, and substitute four main body of the Turkomans that pounds and a quarter of barley remain concealed are not inactive; flour, two pounds of maize flour, the maj ority scour the immediate and two pounds of raw sheep's tail neighborhood in small parties of fat, chopped very fine, all well five or six, and, as their numbers mixed and kneaded together: this do not attract attention, they fre- is one day's ration, without either quently manage to carry off some • straw or hay. The horses are very of the peasants working in the fond of this food, which is given field::!: this is the ordinary prelude them in balls, and puts them in to opetations- on a large scale. In tiptop condition, and after having the evening they rejoin their been fed in this manner for four friends to hear the news from their

scouts, and deliberate upon their give way entirely, and they fall, plans for the morrow. they are killed without remorse. Of one hundred Persians thus car- "When the attack is at length ried off and obliged to march with decided upon, half a dozen men are their captors, scarcely a third selected by the chief to remain reach Turkistan, or, at any rate with the provisions and yaboos; the spot from which the party set the rest, mounted on their best out on their villainous expedition. horses, gallop quickly to the appointed spot, whether village or A Turkoman's sensibility is never caravan, on either of which they awakened to suffering, no. matter fall like a whirlwind, and, like it, how terrible-the sentiment of devastate and finally sweep up and pity is unknown to them; a Percarry off eVerything, including sian is in their eyes simply a mermen, women, and children, that cantile and marketable commodity, comes in their way; in a few min- and not worth taking care of after utes all is over. Incendiarism is it has been injured-they are mernot unfrequently their last act; ciless by habit and by calculation. and, leaving the flames and smoke A prisoner who would make his to tell the tale to the distant vil- escape would never forget the lages, thyy fly with their booty treatment he had received at their and gain the spot where they left hands, and would certainly take their horses, putting from thirty his revenge by giving information to forty parasangs behind them at the first military post he came without drawing bit; and in an in- to. In killing his captive, therecredibly short space of time reach fore, a Turkoman looks upon the their encampment. Their horses, act as one of proper foresight and accustomed to these long and rapid a necessary precaution. journeys, accomplish them without In 1873 Russia launched an exknocking up; but this is not the pedition for the capture of Khiva. case with the unhappy persons Not only was this objective .atwho have been kidnapped; these, tained, but a war of extermination if few in number, are generally was carried on with the Yamut taken up behind their captors, or, if more numerous, they tie them Turkomans. In the midst of the on the horses they have stolen burning of the Turkoman camps and drive them before them until and villages, General Kaufmann the animals drop with fatigue. issued the order: "If the Yamuts The unhappy prisoners they car- become submissive, stop ravaging ried are then attached by a long them, but keep watch of what is cord to the saddle bow of their being done among them, and at the brutal tormentors, who drag them least attempt to migrate, carry out along, sometimes walking, some- my order for the final exterminatimes running, according to .the tion of the disobedient tribe." pace at which their own horses are The Yamuts made an effort to pay going at the time. Woe to them who slack their pace! for directly the huge subsidy that was deany show symptoms of fatigue, manded, but as the promiscuous the head of the Turkoman's lance killing and burning was continued, pricks and forces them on to fur- they met the Russians in ambush ther exertion; and should nature and in open battle. The fighting was desperate, for neither side granted any mercy whatever. Fi-

THE KURDS OF KHORASAN

nally the Russians got the advan- breach was made, through which tage, and then we hear from one a deadly fire was poured into the who accompanied the expedi- confined area. The final result was tion: entirely successful. The signal "That same day and the next we was given by the explosion of a began to pursue the Turkomans, mine, which levelled a large sec- who were very much disheartened tion of the wall, and the Russians.

by the result of their attack. We advancing in several columns, burned-as we had done before- quickly captured the fortress. The grain, houses, and everything pursuit of the fugitives, seen by which we met, and the cavalry, O'Donovan from the neighboring which was in advance, cut down hills, turned the flight of the Turk- every person, man, woman, or oman into a rout. Thus fell the child. Many of the men had gone, last great stronghold of Central although a few of them got up and Asia" (Sykes, "History of Persia,"

fired at us. They were generally ii, p. 463, 464).

women and children whom we met. From this time on the raids of I saw much cruelty. The infantry the Turkomans into Persian ter- came at a run ·behind, running ritory were on a much smaller fully eighteen miles, and continued scale, as Russian influence was the work of murder" {Schuyler, carefully maintained on the north- Turkistan, ii. p. 361, 362). ern frontier of Persia. But during Again in 1881, Russia, after the period of the last desperate having subjugated Khiva and struggles of the Turkomans with broken the strength of the Yamut the Russians, there was a series of Turkomans, advanced systemat- earthquakes which destroyed the ically into the Tekke-Turkoman old city of Kuchan almost entirely.

country. It proved a difficult Beginning in 1853, then in 1871, undertaking, and after six years again in 1893, and finally in 1895.

'of repeated efforts, in which there these earthquakes wrought liuch was much loss of life on both havoc that the site of the old city sides, the Russians were forced to was abandoned. The tomb of the retreat. "General Skobeleff was son of the Imam Rida is still stand- now entrusted with the task of re- ing, having been repaired; there habilitating Russia's lowered repu- are a few scattered shops; and tation. Realizing that the question some families of Kurds and other of transport was of primary im- Persians have vineyards there.

portance, he decided, as did Lord The new city of Kuchan was laid Kitchener later, when faced with out by Russian engineers. It has a similar problem, to construct a broad streets, running at right railway across the level steppe. angles, so that it would scarcely With its aid, joined to his own be recognized as a Persian town, powers of organization, he was if it were not for the ever present able to bring 8,000 men, with 52 mud walls around the separate guns and 11 machine guns against lots. The. streets are illuminated Geok Teppe, where the Turkoman by electric lights, and there are had decided to make their last rows of trees on either side, and stand. In January, 1881, In spite good drainage ditches. Besides of the desperate sorties of the there are two wide intersecting Tekke, parallels were dug and a thoroughfares, where one has to

be equally careful not to hit an elaring that for him there is no automobile or be sprinkled by an more meaning in life, for the old fashioned water carrier. reason, which he does not express, In 1926 there was an attempt to that the newly organized departstir up a rising of the Kurds and ments, with their separate re- Turkomans against the present sponsibility, have deprived him of Persian government, and ex-war most of the personal authority foreign aviators helped the Shah's that was so convenient and retroops by bombing the town of munerative for these governors in Kuchan from aeroplanes. We had the past.

a Persian friend who had gotten An Interesting Scene a Bible, in his own language of course, and who had begun a sys- When we were calling on one of tematic study of it, who was one the leading mujtahids (judges of of the innocent bystanders that the religious law) we happened in were killed by bombs thrown on on an interesting scene. The su- the public square. On this visit, perintendent of the Department of two years later, we were told that Public Works was belaboring the the house we rentEld was the same old priest for having encouraged one that the army officer who the people of the town to disobey headed the last rebellion had occu- orders tHat had come from Te- pied. But this time, instead of heran for merchants, school teach- guns, and swords, and cartridge ers, and all officials to wear the belts, the walls of those rooms recently adopted national hat.

were decorated with pictures of The old man himself was a de- Joseph and of Daniel, who had scendant of the prophet, a sayyid, been captives sold into slavery, and and he had enough black crape better still, of Jesus healing the wrapped around his head to equip sick, and of Jesus the Good Shep- a hearse. And in the room wera heFti. They were rooms centrally a number of the old man's sup- located and made excellent head- porters, who were priests too, but quarters for the distribution of not sayyids, who were all arrayed gospel portions and for instructing in huge, white, spreading turbans.

inquirers. Another house not far The old mujtahid vigorously de- away, owned by a Kurdish chief, nied that he had ever intimated was used as a temporary mission to the people that they were not hospital, where many of the de- to obey the Shah's order, but he scendants of the Kurds brought to was met by the retort, "Why does this region more than 300 years every shopkeeper give the same ago came in from the surrounding answer?" One curious objection villages for much needed treat- that the priests raised was that ment. whereas a turban could be washed, A handsome young man who is what would a poor working man in charge of the newly established do if he could only afford one hat Census Bureau, told me that the in a whole year? One's sense of population of the present town of humor is aroused when he hears Kuchan is probably not more than such men plead the cause of the 14,000. The civil governor is a working man.

sort of old pensioner who is dis- In nearly all the smaller towns posed to commiserate himself, de- of Persia, the various officials,

THE KURDS OF KHORASAN

representing the different depart- second, the last Sunday service, ments,-Post, Telegraph, Customs, when four Persian Christian men, Judicial, Public Works, Education, all of whom had been Mohamme- etc., have a considerable amount dans and who were helping in the of friendly association. Here in hospital, all voluntarily and with- Kuchan almost the entire group of out previous request, offered indi- officials are young men, who .are vidual prayers in which they gave progressive and receptive to new public testimony to their Christian lines of thought. Even on matters faith. And following this service, of religion they showed a decided- at a more private meeting, an in- ly openminded attitude. They quirer of long standing and simple called on us personally, they at- but beautiful faith was baptized.

tended mid-week illustrated lec- She is the wife of a man who was tures at the hospital, they attended baptized last year, who has shown Sunday preaching services, they real power and joy in his Christian purchased Bibles, they asked ques- life.

tions, and they were glad to pro- We spent a good deal of time in cure for further study special helping the friends of this family books explaining Christianity. get a more positive desire to really There were something like two know the Christ whom they al.

hundred clean faced young boys ready honor. Many of these as- who came in little groups to our sociations were most pleasant, so rooms to get attractively printed that when the time came to return Persian copies of the Sermon on to Meshed, we were reluctant to the Mount that are provided by leave. And in looking forward to the Scripture Gift Mission. One the next opportunity to visit of these boys has ability at draw- Kuchan, the first thought is of the ing and is occupying himself re- friendships it will be a pleasure to producing some of the pictures he renew.

liked most in the life of Christ. There is, however, a solemn con- And the wall pictures we had were sciousness of how much depends left as keepsakes with educated on how we keep in touch with these young men who asked for them. friends, and on how soon some of Some of these men had called first us may go to see them again, in for the excitement of an animated order to realize our hope that some discussion on religious questions, of them may be the Christian mis- but failing to find an interested sionaries who will be able, by their opponent they proved susceptible daily lives-in the natural going to friendship and came around to and coming that is involved in the religious questions afterwards their work-to carry the gospel of in a different way. Really war is peace and hope to these neglected no more necessary in apologetics peoples of Central Asia, the 50,000 than it is in diplomacy. downtrodden Kurds of Khorasan, But perhaps the two most happy and to the remaining 7,000 families experiences, from the evangelistic of Yamut Turkomans; that here point of view, were first the op- in this ancient valley of the Atrak portunity to give illustrated lec- river, these vigorous people of the tures on the life of Christ to large highlands may come to know as numbers of men and women, and their Saviour and Lord.

AFRICAN VILLAGE FOR A

"CBY WILLIAM CLARK BELL AND ELIZABETH LOGAN ENNIS* AN you buy a village full their upcountry communities are of people for some yards plunged into surroundings utterly of cloth worth only about devoid of the old tribal restraints a dollar?" and the new Christian responsibili- Two groups of Africans argued ties. Amid subtle and severe temp- this question one day before the tations there is no counter influence Portuguese abolished slavery in for good. The elders of the Bail- Angola. From one of the groups undo church were told that if they a small girl had been bought years would select someone of character before for several yards of cloth. and capacity to go to Lobito to She had later married, and her chil- minister to their people, his sup- dren and grandchildren had peo- port would be met by a friend.

pled a whole village. She had Their choice was Jesse Chiula, son proved even a better investment of Chief Chipenda.

than General Motors! Now, in na- Two ragged unpromising boys, tive court, the group that had sold bearing a letter from their teacher, her sought a readjustment of prof- Yovi, in Lomanda, asked to enter its. the Bailundo Boarding School, in A lady in California, in 1924, 1917. The boys' school account was sent $20 to Bailundo "to further overdrawn, and when did a grow- Christian work in Africa." Later ing lad ever succeed in paying his she drew interest on her invest- way?

ment from twenty villages at least, Chiula (or Chivulu) was the for the money paid the living ex- name of one of these lads and all penses for six months of a lad who the other boys had more than one.

went to Lobito and by preaching He became Jesse Chipenda; the ap- and example broUght to Christ pending of one's father's name was many a young man who had come. just then becoming "the thing,"

to that seaport to work for the though he didn't feel particularly Government, and who later re- keen about it. His father had turned to become a center of Chris- turned him out of the paternal on- tian activity in his inland home. janga saying he must be feeble- That $20 arrived at a critical minded to think of going to the time, for the Bailundo church was mission.

baffled by the problem of helping Jesse's mother was one of several its young people who had gone to wives and she had her own little the coast to work. White Lobito hut where she lived with his small tucks its native population away in sister. When he went to Yovi's a "quarter" of indescribable filth school in another village she said: and squalor. It is not concerned "Go and learn the words of Je- with their sanitation nor their pas-sus and then come back and tell times. Boys who go there from them to me. But for you I would • The two nuthors did not collaborate; they go back to the village of my peocouldn't, one being in Africa and the other in ple." America at the present time! The Missionary 1lerald combined the two articles. When his mother died of the flu, 938 Jesse then felt no ties to draw him freely with the inhabitants of the back to his old home, but he always town, work was secured for him dreamed of going back there as a with a construction company em- teacher. He fancied himself telling ploying much labor. His mornings the story of Daniel in the den of were spent in the carpenter shop lions to the people of Lomanda, for or on the dock, and later he would that had been the first story to preach to those whose interest was catch his youthful imagination and aroused. He bore testimony to his draw him to listen to Yovi's teach- faith in his daily activities, and the ing. fact that he did not yield to the Jesse Chiula Chipenda was no temptations of a seaport town was common pupil; he forged ahead in itself remarkable testimony.

as few do when they come in from J esse found many boys whom he the out-station schools. He did four had known and through them came years' work in three and in 1920 to know others. Vesper services he was able to enter Currie Insti- were dear and familiar to the boys tute at Dondi. Here he met boys from Christian villages; how natu- from all the other stations and his ral that together with him they whole outlook began to broaden. should revive the custom, and, sit- The visit of Mr. Aggrey to Dondi ting by the seashore, sing and sing inspired him with new hopes and in the twilight till many others had aspirations. gathered around them. And Jesse When in 1924 Jesse was gradu- would repeat verses from the Gos- ated from Currie Institute, the op- pels, adding pertinent words of his portunity to go back to his own own.

village as its teacher presented it- Meanwhile he made steady prog- self and he gladly seized it and ress from shop to office, and now opened a new school. Five months is trusted with the payroll and the he stayed there and then he was checking of invoices. His school called to enter a new field. grew to great proportions; he had Chief Chipenda, when ap- to have an assistant and the Bail- proached on the subject of his son's undo church sent him one. In 1928· going to Lobito, exploded with he selected for his own helpmeet wrath. Was not Jesse head and Theresa, who had just graduated feet to him? Did he not represent from Means School, Dondi, and to- him before the authorities and at- gether they have built up in Lobi- tend to state business? He would to's dirty sanzalas a clean, sweet close the little school already Christian home.

started! It was only after a per- The influence of the Christian suasive presentation of the Chris- work at Lobito is now felt every- tian standpoint-and the promise where in the uplands. Men who of another lad-that the king at have lived within sight and sound last, reluctantly, allowed Jesse to of a mission station and have never depart. let it interfere with th()ir affairs, As a preacher alone Jesse could go to Lobito to work and suddenly never have accomplished all he pur- find they have been missing some- posed. Practical demonstration of thing all their lives.

the Christ life in social and indus- "So that is what the Jesus folk trial activities is needed in Africa. are like! Well, I never !"

In order to enable him to mingle Some day when they go back

home, they go to the neighboring opportunity. At Catumbela 3,000 mission station and say, "We want natives are employed on a sugar a teacher for our village. Some of plantation. There is need for reus have been working at Lobito, ligious work among the white peoand we have been attending Jesse's ple in Lobito, for there is none at school, and now that we have come present. A Portuguese Christian back we want a school in our vil- through reading rooms and Englage. We want the rest of our peo- lish classes, could come into conple to learn too." tact with and influence many'young men. A missionary is needed to And so it goes on-and on. Jesse start the new work, coordinate and Chiula will never know this side of supervise its various branches. heaven how wide and wonderful Lobito is destined to become one of his influence has been. the largest seaports of West Afri- ca. It is our earnest hope that the The beginnings of this ever- city may be properly staffed as a growing work were financed by branch station of the mission in that small gift from California! anticipation of the need. Oppor- Truly, "Twenty villages for twenty tunities for further investment and dollars." for fruitful service are unlimited.

There is need of new centers of influence' and there is a wonderful MODERN WAR ON SLAVERY T HE Senate of the United States for the first time has agreed to back a treaty-program in opposition to all "forced labor," except by convicted criminals. The League of Nations raises hopes of greater effectiveness in the international war on slavery and near-slavery which exist much more widely than many know.

It is estimated that four or five million human beings are yet in bondage in various parts of the world; in Abyssinia the proportion of slaves is said to be one in five of the population, and in parts of China one in 150; slave importation to Arabia rates 2,000 a year, according to the League, The most notable progress reported during the past year was the freeing of 200,000 natives of Sierra Leone, on the west coast of Africa, a British protectorate, on January 1, 1928.

Near-slavery–compulsory labor-in Africa during mining and other development has been marked at times by an estimated mortality as high as 40 per cent. The International Labor Conference last May listed "forced labor" as one of its chief topics, and a 320-page preliminary report and draft-questionnaire was prepared for discussion. The slavery convention permits forced labor even by private employers for a "transitional" period. America's ratification carries one reservation, namely, that "compulsory or forced labor may only be exacted for public purposes." Twenty-seven nations had ratified this treaty program up to March, 1929.

Abyssinia, admitted to the League in 1923 on condition that slavery be abolished, is still the most active center of the slave trade, despite King RaB Taffari's decree of the death penalty for slave holding, Tibet, Afghanistan, Hejaz and Morocco are listed as other places where slavery continues to exist; Persia and Southern China are among countries which have "officially" declared for abolition. The Moslem World Congress, held at Mecca in the summer of 1926, also adopted a resolution denouncing slavery.

WOMEN AND

BY MRS. C. C. CHEN, Shanghai, China J LL religions came into exist- and yet how futile were men, strugf i ence to fill two great pur- gling for an existence. Therefore his theory, "Be still, it is needless poses. The first is to save to struggle." But how about the men from immediate mental and theory of the "surv~val of the fitspiritual suffering and consequently it leads men to a new vision of life. The second is to satisfy men's quest for God. Buddhism came into existence because Buddha was touched to see the suffering of the old men in the tropical heat; the little child widows and street urchins begging for food, homeless and outcast; the sick, and the annual plague of the hot climate; and last of all death and the grief of the living ones over their dead. The pageant of life smote his tender heart and he tried to show men the life after death-his theory of rebirth. This life, as the belief goes, could be obtained through absolute quiet meditation and physical torture. No matter what the criticisms might be of Buddhism, it has proved that men's longing for supreme life after death, for peace, and for God's understanding is genuine.

Lao-Tze, a scholar and a philos- MRS. C. C. CHElN, OF SHANGHAI opher, was moved by the grandeur and beauty of the firmament-the test';? A great number of scholars mighty waters and the infinite sky, and thinkers followed him but Conthe soaring birds and the prowling fucius thought that his theories animals, the age-old trees and the were too impracticable. beauties of the flowers, the clouds that sail by and the mountains Confucius was born at a time which are everlasting, and the roar when China was divided into many of thunder and the flashes of light- small nations which were constantning followed by a clear, still night ly fighting and invading each other. with countless stars twinkling He longed to give his contribution above. What a world to live in! to the rulers of his time, to bring The great realization came that a man's soul could match it all. Life ought to enjoy the great creation 941

about an ideally governed nation. on of commerce, and the ruling of But his contemporaries were too a nation, a province, a city, or a sure that "might was right." Aft- district. It is obvious that women er wandering for many years, try- at that time were not encouraged ing to make people see that his to become educated. Public opinion theories were righteous and just held that women should be subju- and workable, he was rejected. He gated to men's authority, and un- returned to Lu Kwo (present Shan- fortunately the few educated tung Province) and started. a women also endorsed that idea.

school of his own. He was a schol- Later the sentiment was developed: ar and a statesman. He knew hu- "Women without education are vir- man nature so he set forth moral tuous," so that education for wom- codes 'and golden rules which all en was doomed and they became men can follow and which have intellectually and physically inferi- been China's salvat.ion. Women or to men.

were not much in the foreground From time immemorial we Chi- at that period; their world was at nese have believed that the duty of home. a filial son is to continue the fam- These are the main religious sys- ily name. Therefore it is a wom- tems of China today-with the ex- an's crowning glory when she gives ception of Confucionism which has birth to a son. If a woman should no organized system, the only tem- not have a son-then woe be to her ples which are in major cities, are -her life is useless. She can only the memorial temples which open blame it to her own star of ill fate once a year for official offerings. and prepare to face a life of living Both Buddhism and Taoism have torture and humiliation. Her hus- degenerated. There are many tem- band has the legal right to marry ples and nunneries with idols, sym- again. What would be the future bols and imaginary pictures show- of sonless women? They have no ing the sufferings after death that education; they are dependent on come to those who were wicked, the men folks; the tradition dis- the joy and peace for those who courages women earning a living; were good. The priests and monks the door of vision and aspiration have drifted away from their is closed to them! In the time of founders' aims and purposes, and anguish and despair they go to the have utilized the religious systems temple of idols, make vows to deny to extort money from suffering and themselves normal food, to con- ignorant women. tribute money to endow the tem- How did Chinese women reach ples, to torture their bodies in their present state? In the early order to appease the gods of fate period of Chinese society men's la- to ensure a better life after death.

bor had to be divided. According What a tragedy! Human longing to our Chinese division of labor, for eternal peace and life, for a women should mind the duties of higher aspiration and understand- the home, rear the children, ad- ing, and for a realization of life's minister to the need and comfort value is not satisfied! Their quest of the men, and care for the old. for God was not successful and While men should attend to the their hunger and thirst for eternal duties outside of the home, such as peace and divine understanding the work in the field, the carrying were still unsatisfied and un-

1:129] CHINESE WOMEN AND RELIGION

quenched. It must pain His Father birth until death. Fear and superheart to see human beings helplesH- stition breeds cowardice which is ly groping for a door to see the a curse to our nation. The monks light and trying to understand that and priests of all ages have never whether life is either childless or tried to uplift the womanhood of blessed with children, it has pro- China. ductive value in itself. God wants us to have the great understanding President Roosevelt said that no of eternal life and peace, and that nation can rise higher than the levour life has also its full value on el of its womanhood. Women are this earth. The life which we live the first teachers of every new gencan be most beautiful, most rich, eration. Women constitute the othand most productive. Our life in er half of the national foundation. His sight is the most precious Chinese women have to rise to fulamong all His creations. fil their rightful duty. Her young generation is waiting to drink from What have the great religious her fountain of life and to hear systems contributed to Chinese life her bed-time stories. Are her -especially to Chinese woman- stories going to instill fearfulness hood? In spite of the degeneration and superstitions, or are her stories of the Chinese religions, they have going to be the life-long inspiramade one great contribution to tions for manhood and womanhood, Chinese life; and that is religious and for fair play, and even for unity. For certain reasons-may- loving service and sacrifice for othbe because of the religious pur- ers? Christ has come, not only to poses, aims and truths; maybe the western nations but to China, because of a respect for each oth- to emancipate the Chinese women er's rights and each other's ideals; from illiteracy, from physical bondmaybe for the purpose of making age, from the despair and humilimoney by the later priests and ation of childlessness, and from monks, they have merged into each fear and superstition. For centuries other. One can be a profound Chinese women have been hungry Buddhist and also can be a Taoist and thirsty for the living Word. and a profound Confucianist. The The Word belongs to us as well as Christian churches in China may to the western nations. The gate learn a great lesson from the Chi- of hope, understanding and of nese religions of the benefit of peace is open to us. Out of our working together in unity. four hundred million Chinese there are only about half a million Prot- Our religious systems in China estant Christians. Is the Christian have failed to inspire and fulfil the work going to be reenforced or is longing for spiritual peace and it to be curtailed after this antilight, for the joy of loving and giv- Christian inovement in China? The ing and serving. Instead they have older churches feel that it is not succeeded in holding the ignorant safe to invest money and to send class of people and especially the out more missionaries at present. women in fear and superstition. The work has to go slowly because One acquainted with a Chinese China is on fire. home, will notice that there is a god, a fairy, or a spirit to each Once there were two boys watchhousehold article. Women live and ing a forest fire. One night, one breathe in that atmosphere from boy saw that the sky was ablaze.

He called out to his companion, pecially China needs Christ in the "Fire! Fire!" The other boy mother's heart to guide her youth rubbed his eyes and said, "!tis not from childhood.to manhood, from fire, it is dawn." To the West the bitter humiliation of the past to present unrest in China is fire, but great magnanimity in the future. to us it is dawn. The hour has ar- Think of the undeveloped poten- tialities and possibilities in the rived when we must work. mass of Chinese womanhood! The What will be our program for the harvest is ready but laborers are few. Help us shape China's future. work in China and especially for the women? Do the older churches The older churches of the West want to wait until the troublous have money, have courage, and times in China are over? Why? have personnel,. but have not Do the older churches lack money? enough vision, faith, or under- standing. Whose responsibility is Lack courage? Lack personnel? it to develop these essential quali- Does China need Christ now? ties? How can we Chinese Chris- China does need Christ today more tians help you to bring about a than she has ever realized before. better understanding and to see the China needs Christ in the period harvest in the unsown seeds, and of her reconstruction. She needs the sun beyond the rain clouds? Christlike friends who are close to We need greater faith. We are anxher and from whom she can feel iously watching and. waiting, for warmth and sincere understanding. She needs Christ in all her relations you to reenforce your Christian with other nations and in every work, giving your very best. You phase of her daily life as well as in are not going to fail us. the churches and on Sundays. Es- CHINESE REGULATIONS FOR RELIGIOUS INSTITUTIONS A NY religious sect, whether Chinese or foreign, desiring to establish educational institutions in the territory of the National Govern- ment, must conform to the following regulations recently promulgated by the Ministry of Education: 1. Any school in the system of schools established and maintained by contributions in the name of a religious sect must be supervised in accordance with the rules governing private schools. All schools must be established according to the system relating thereto determined by the Ministry of Education.

2. Any religious sect wishing to open an institution and enroll students for the purpose of disseminating the religious doctrines it believes in, cannot name the schools according to the school system determined by the Ministry of Education.

3. Whenever a religious sect organizes a society for the study of religious doctrines or any other academic subject, such a society must be organized in accordance with the procedure governing the organization of academic societies or clubs.

4. Any organ coming under the first or third regulation must be reported to or registered with the responsible educational authorities, but those which fall under the second category will be subject to the direct jurisdiction of the local governments concerned and need not be registered with the educational administrative authorities.

MOHONK CONFERENCE ON·

AMERICAN INDIAN BY COE HAYNE, New York nJFTER a lapse of thirteen years, Dr. George W. Hinman, of New this Conference has been re- York, approved of Secretary Wilbur's vived through the hospitality policy looking toward the gradual merging of the Indian stock with that of Mr. and Mrs. Daniel Smiley (Oc- of the nation, but he mentioned some of the "hindrances to progress" that tober 15 to 18). Hon. Charles J. have confronted the American Indian. Rhoads, Commissioner of Indian Af- Among other things the hope of re- ceiving riches through the settlement fairs, brought a message from Secre- of tribal claims appears to deprive tary Wilbur which reaffirmed the the Indians of ambition and per- sistence in working and saving. An- policy of the Interior Department an- other obstacle, he said, is the prone- ness of the idle and the hungry rela- nounced early last spring. The Sec- tives to hang about a thrifty Indian to dissipate all his gains. retary said in part: The widely diversified character of The endeavor of the Department of the the conference as well as the activities Interior in the Indian question has been on Indian fields was brought home as to set up a constructive program which one listened to statements by Reprewould gradually lead in the course of, sentatives in Congress, army officers, say twenty-five years, to the placing of heads of government departments and the Indian and his property upon the bureaus, health officers, clergymen, normal basis of contributing citizen- teachers, editors, executives and misship. . . . .. We must seek to obtain every possible contribution of value which the sionaries. Indian can bring to our American civilization. Dr. John R. Mott, in the closing ses- sion of the conference, gave a view of The principal immediate problem is to international and interracial goodwill do substantial justice to the Indian chil- that revealed the necessity of bringing dren of today so that they may have ade- all considerations of the Indian probquate educational and health opportuni- lem to higher levels. His definition of ties. A long period of parsimony has "fractional Christians" I e a v e s no been damaging. Our first effort should ground for loitering for those who be toward working out the practical halt in the application of the whole of daily problems so that justice may be the Gospel to this sore spot in Amergiven the Indian. With this much on ican social life. its way, we should be able to model our plans so that the Indian will become a Dr. Charles L. White, president of self – sustaining, self – respecting, inde- the Home Missions Council, pled for pendent citizen. the disinterestedness of a sincere fol- lower of Jesus Christ in devising and Assistant Commissioner Scatter- carrying to fruition all plans in behalf good expressed a conviction that in of the Indians.

the development of leaders among the Dr. Samuel A. Eliot, of Boston, was the conference chairman and M. K. Indian people we should not lose sight Sniffen, secretary of the Indian Rights of the magnificence of the old racial Association, served as conference sec- retary. characteristics. To inspire the In- dian to build on his own nobility and develop a race consciousness that will enable him to produce his own leaders in a social environment that has been created for him by forces beyond his will to control, is a task, in the opinion of Mr. Scattergood, worthy to call forth the best efforts of every indi- vidual and group having to do with Indian social, economic and religious welfare.

4 945

The resolutions adopted included given as an essential factor in all recommendation of the appointment by lationships of the government and President Hoover of Charles J. Rhoads missionary agencies. and J. Henry Scattergood, respectively, as Commissioner and Assistant Com- The report of the Committee on missioner of Indian Affairs, and Findings made the following statepledged the cooperation of the mem- ment in regard to Missionary Activibers of the conference in services that ties in behalf of the Indians: may be helpful in advancing the welfare of the American Indian. .Special The new day in Indian affairs brings mention was made of the necessity of a tremendous challenge to the churches funds for the adequate feeding of chil- and the religious people of the nation. dren in Indian boarding schools, for Large as the contributions of the Missufficient appropriations for the Indian sion Boards to the welfare of the Indians Bureau in the task of reorganization, may have seemed in the past, they are the need of continuity in the Indian now entirely inadequate for the needs policy and of a definite program for of the immediate future. Material each reservation in accordance with its forces must not outrun spiritual forces. own conditions and requirements. If the appropriations for religious work These resolutions also commended do not rise in at least equal proportion the efforts of the Indian Bureau to to those of the Government, the Indian raise the standards of education and will suffer spiritually. Now is the hour training for its employees and urged of opportunity. The churches must lay an educational program for Indians upon their memberships that responsithat shall be rooted in the real needs bility for the salvation of the Indian of the Indian people, helping them to which every historical consideration and make their own way in four essentials every spiritual insight makes so evident. -health, economic well being, family Moreover, the Indians of this and other and community life and wholesome lands are now in the limelight of public recreation, including cultural and spir- and private attention. The churches can itual interests. The need of further refuse to go forward only at the cost of appropriations was pointed out in a seared conicience or of a dimming spirorder that the Indian service hospitals itual vision. The new vision of life, an-d and sanitoriums may meet the min- that more abundant, will inspire to multiimum, at least, of the standards for form new services for the Indian brother. health set up by the American College New methods and new instrumentalities of Surgeons, and the American Sani- will give the missionary of the Cross new torium Association. The Conference conquests for the Kingdom. Let the sevrecommended that not only vocational eral missionary agencies continuously training and guidance be continued measure their work in every feasible but that actual placement of the In- way. Accurate annual statistics are esdian youth in productive enterprises sential to real efficiency. They are necesbe attempted with the necessary fol- sary if the world is to know what the low-up to see that the boys and girls existing situation is, and what the measare satisfactorily established in their ure of progress is. It is high time, too, new environments. They urged the that the practice of cooperation for mucreation of a fund out of which in- tual benefit signalize the relations of herited and other allotted Indian land Government and missions, and even may be purchased for Indians who more of denomination and denomination. have not lands, and the amendment Missions should always work with Inof the allotment and other laws re- dians as well as for Indians. Permanent lating to Indian land titles making pos- devotion and enlarged efficienCiY will sible an inalienable and nontaxable widen the opportunities for the discrimhome-site for every Indian family. inate encouragement of native leaders; Cooperation for mutual benefit was for the safe utilization by the Govern- ment of the moral insights of the mis- sionary, and for the spiritualization of every phase of Indian life. Pure re- ligion and undefiled will give us econom- ical and social missionary activities which will lay solid bases upon which the highest spiritual structures will rise. Community centers for the safeguarding and improvement of family and social life will become demonstration points. leading the government in widespread efforts for civic and social welfare among the Indian people.

to Dr. Brown on the Foreign Missionary, Unity

Missions, Rising Churches in Non- On December second, the Editor and Christian Lands and the Mastery of Mrs. Pierson are due to leave New the Far East. York on the Empress of Australia for a long-desired visit to some of the mis- In writing of his thirty-four years sion fields of Asia. It is thirty-eight as a missionary secretary, Dr. Brown years since the Editor first became as- says in Women and Missions for Sepsociated with the REvrnw. During his tember: student days in Princeton, he was Among the most highly prized of a Managing Editor in the absence of the secretary's experiences is his relation to Editor-in-Chief, Dr. Arthur T. Pier- mbeisasiofnraiernieds. a. n. d…cowI oarrkdeerntwlyitdhesaireddeetpo personal i n t ere s t in the individual son, who spent much of his time dur- worker…… I have encouraged pering the last twenty-five years of his sonal correspondence with individual life preaching, and lecturing in Eng- omfistshieonnaruimese,roanusd lIethtearvse trheaatd tehveeyryhoanvee land and Scotland. On the death of sent me ….. .

his father in 1911 the whole of the Editorial responsibility devolved upon My mind teems with memories of two the son. visits to the foreign field, which alto- By a very fortunate and providential gether occupied about a year and three- quarters. I saw how the missionaries arrangement, the Rev. Arthur J. live and work. I traveled with them in their boats and carts and litters, on their Brown, D.D., who has recently retired ponies and elephants, and sometimes on vfoilloatg.e.s.,..m. anAystiImejsouirtnseeyeemdedamtoonmgethaes as a General Secretary of the Board if in the missionary the Son of Man once F orel.gn M"ISS Ions f the P resbyetrI'- more walked among men; that once more of 0 an Church in the U. S. A., has agreed to edit the REVIEW for the year 1930, during Mr. Pierson's absence in Asia. he said to the weary and heart-sick, No man could be found better fitted "Come unto me, all ye that labor and are heavy laden, and I will give you for this important service. As an rest"; and that once more men "forsook author, speaker, missionary executive, all and followed him."

world traveler and student of home I have valued also a secretary's relaand foreign missions, Dr. Brown is tionship to union and federated moveparticularly well qualified for such a ments. These movements are among the most significant manifestations of our position. For the past thirty-four age. I have said many times that it is years he has been Secretary of the no part of our missionary duty to per- Presbyterian Board. Previous to that petuate on the foreign field the sectarian rich experience he was pastor of divisions of Europe and America. If a man believes in God as Sovereign and churches in Ripon, Wisconsin, in Oak Father, in the Bible as the revelation of Park, Illinois, and in Portland, Oregon, the will of God, in Jesus Christ as the and was very vitally affiliated with propitiation for our sins and for the sins home mission interests. In the last of the whole world, I am willing to unite with that man or to federate with him twenty-five years he has been partic- or to cooperate with him on any terms ularly active as a foreign missionary that may prove to be practicable, whether executive and has written numerous I agree with him in other matters or stimulating and illuminating articles not….. .

and many books on the Philippines, The experiences of a secretary also China, the Near East, Japan, Siam include relations to social, economic, edu- cational and political movements. None and Russia as well as valuable treatises of these are primary objects of the for- 947

eign missionary enterprise, but all of influence may be increased and their them affect it and are in turn affected own program may be promoted. Rusby it…… I unhesitatingly side with sia is today the home of this systemthose who believe that all things are atic propaganda. With it naturally summed up in Christ; that "godliness is is linked opposition to international profitable for all things, having promise peace based on brotherly confidence of the life which now is and of that and treaty obligation. Atheistic comwhich is to come"; that the Cross of munism also is naturally antagonistic Christ is the central regulative principle to the teaching of children and youth of the world; and that the Gospel is re- to honor and obey God rather than lated to the entire life of man and all man. This philosophy advocates the his relationships….. . use of any means-deception, lying, theft, murder, betrayal-in order to While I recognize the obstacles that gain world-wide control. must still be surmounted and the problems that must still be solved, I have no A recent report to the executive doubt as to the outcome. Mighty as are committee of "The Communist Interthe forces of evil, the forces of righteous- national," printed in the Pravada, ness are mightier, and "if God be for us, the organ of the central committee in who can be against us?" Russia, advocates strong measures to win control in all countries. This re- Dr. Brown has been particularly in- port rejects reliance on peaceful means terested and effective in fostering and says: "Our fight for the majority Christian unity. He has traveled ex- of the working class will be accompatensively in Europe and in the mission nied by bloody battles not only against fields and has been active on many the bourgeois but against social deboards and ·committees to promote in- mocracy as well …… In order to win ternational cooperation. We anticipate, the majority of the population to its under Dr. Brown's able editorship, a side, the proletariat must first of all year of unusual satisfaction for RE- overthrow the bourgeois and seize the government, smashing the former VIEW readers. governmental machinery into a thou- sand bits." The communists openly Missionaries of Atheism advocate efforts to foster revolution in England, America and elsewhere and, Apparently Satan's only fear is the in order to do this, they seek to orfear of God. His wiles and disguise ganize the laboring classes and resort as an "angel of light" too often mis- to deeds of violence (as in the recent lead men but God cannot be deceived Gastonia textile strike). Their policy or His purposes thwarted. The anti- is to secure control of "the most im- Christ, and all opposed to the spirit portant positions in the most strategic and program of Christ, believe that places-the mails, telegraph, telephone, they can succeed in carrying out their wharves, railroad junctions, etc…… . anti-religious program by making men and to win those groups of working think that God is a tyrant, that His men in factories without whose parcommands and warnings are unjusti- ticipation in the process of production, fied and may be disregarded, and that the normal functioning of those fac- His son was a myth or an imposter. tories is unthinkable." Their greatest fear is that men will believe in God as an all powerful heav- In other words the atheistic comenly Father and will choose to obey munist leaders are organizing and car- Him rather than accept the teachings rying on an extensive propaganda to of atheism. Therefore the atheistic incite the laboring classes to strike, to communists of Russia are striving seize control of industries, of sources with all their energy to destroy belief of wealth and of the government. This in God. Without any basis for their spirit and program is characteristic of position in science, in history or phil- a comparatively small group but they osophy, they seek to persuade men to reject all religion and to cast off its restraining influence. They seek, with energy and determination, to promote this unbelief in order that their own

TOPICS OF THE TIMES

are energetic and, from their seat of and Russia represent two nations, control in Russia, are seeking to ex- two races, two forms of civilization, tend their influence and to carry out conflicting economic and political prothis program in other lands. grams. Both are emerging from monarchical to a nominally democratic That the Russian communists reveal government. China is strenuously characteristics of anti-Christ is shown seeking to establish an independent by recent utterances of the All Russia republic, while Russia is trying an Communist Party which stated: experiment in a new form of class "From now on the anti-religious front rule-the sovereignty of the workers must be spread out on an international of the world. China is seeking to scale, like the entire revolutionary unify her own people and to establish struggle of the working class." national order and prosperity; Russia is endeavoring to promote communism "Comrade" Yaroslavsky was ap- and to unite the proletariat of the plauded at the All Union Congress of world regardless of the disorder and Atheists in Moscow last June when he conflict which may be aroused in the said: "We are against God, we are process. The trouble between China against capital …… We are for a so- and Russia arose when the Soviet cialist revolution." propagandists were expelled. Fight- ing has been reported at the border These facts and remarks are quoted, town of Manchouli in the west (where not from fear of the power of the athe- the Swedish Free Mission has had a istic socialism, but because no one station) and at Blagoveschenk and should shut his eyes to the facts. He Pogranichnaya on the eastern border that is for us is far greater than any between Asiatic Russia and Manthat are against us. Christ is destined churia. These centers are so remote to win and to rule. that Europe and America are scarcely conscious of the conflict. Neither The Russian communists are sadly Russia nor China can afford to go to ignorant of true religion and of the war. They both have their hands full true character and purpose of Chris- at home and in their international retianity. They have been misled and lations, and they need all their reneed our prayers rather than our de- sources, energies and goodwill to work nunciation. The Christianity they out their own problems. have seen has not borne the marks of the sacrificial love and godlikness of Northern Manchuria is almost un- Jesus Christ. The challenging task occupied as a Christian mission field. that confronts His followers today is The country is thinly populated and to reveal Christ by their patience, their the coming of winter will make a love, their loyalty, so that they may military campaign exceedingly difconfound the adversary. The Chris- ficult. There is great need that Rustian religion is not wedded to capital- sia and China both put their own ism or to militarism. True religion houses in order and keep their own is not an opiate but a stimulating pow- doorsteps clean. In the present day er; Christianity does not mean bond- war in any continent, however remote, age but liberty. Freedom from servile is a menace to the peace of the world. fear, from intellectual bondage, from industrial slavery, from political tyran- Unfortunately, civil war has again ny are obtained through full surrender broken out in China. Marshall Feng to Jesus Christ. This has been demon- Yu-Hsiang has rebelled against the strated in countless ways among all regime under Chiang Kai-shek, on the classes and races of humanity since the beginning of the Christian era. ground of corruption and inefficiency in the Nationalist Government. Peace The Conflict in Eastern Asia in China seems to be more remote than ever. Men are slow to learn that there is another way to settle disputes than the way of force of arms. China

BY MRS. F. 1. JOHNSON, 150 FIFTH AVENUE, NEW

President of the Federation of Woman's Boards of Foreign Missions BY MRS. S. S. HOUGH Ohadr1Jwn of .,Joint. C,?11I mitt r.c on lVorld. Da·y of Pr(1yr;r oj l"('dcnltiiJ1t of lVomen'8 Boards of ForC1gn Mt88wns 01 ~7o"th Amerwa and Council of lV{Jmen jar H(nne Missio-ns METHODS FOR WORLD DAY OF Subcommittees on program, place of meeting, publicity, etc., should be PRAYER appointed; also special committees for young people's and children's meet- THREE months hence, on March 7, ings. 1930, the World Day of Prayer, Christians of all races and many na- The leader for each meeting should tions speaking varied languages will be selected many weeks in advance, be joined again in a great fellowship and all details of program assigned, of prayer all round the world. Who different denominations, races and can measure· the mighty possibilities nationalities given parts. of such united praying! What could be more central to the life and service In one city many simultaneous of church women than this irresistible meetings were held with a woman of energy of the prayer kingdom; there- a different nationality or race in fore it is hoped that groups in every charge of each meeting. community, whether rural or urban, will early plan to share in this world It is especially important that the fellowship. leader take time to meditate on the program until it becomes a part of Preparation herself.

The preparation for this observance Those in charge of the music should is simple but very important. If there be persons who know how to make an is a federation or council of church organ pray and singing real worship. women in the community, the planniIg should be in their hands. If no inter- +V1ake this a day for prayer and denominational organization of church not speaking. women exists, then any woman or girl who is interested should take the initi- Some communities have divided the ative. entire day as follows: The services on this one outstand- 7: 00 A. M. to 9: 00 A. M. and 12: 00 ing day of the year are community- M. to 1: 30 P. M. for business and wide, interdenominational, interna- professional women. Luncheons are tional and interracial; therefore the sometimes planned for this group with general committee should be composed a special speaker. 9: 00 A. M. to of representatives of different de- 12: 00 M. and 2: 00 P. M. to 4: 00 P. nominations and other Christian or- M. for the general public. The conganizations; also of various nations secration service, "Looking Unto and races in the community. These Jesus," price 10 cents, is very aprepresentatives should be women, propriate for the morning session. girls and leaders of children:* 4: 00 P. M. to 5: 00 P. M., children's meetings. 7: 00 P. M. to 9: 00 P. M., for young people.

*All HlI!)1)1iI'R Rhonltl hi~ ol'tl(,l'i~d illlJllP(lin t ply How One Group Made It Known ~fIl''OO.ILl:l'j·1UJ11ltS'l,lom"Tillhnatiton.nTlesmnsis siulln r y mny he hctHlqulll'tel's', Letters were sent to all pastors of ner I..Iifted 'lIp;; the city. Cull $1.70 h1l1J{ll'ed: postt'rs. 10 cents leetatcehr~' A publicity committee had a short, "The to PruYf>r." free: seals for graphic article describing the observ- Ilnd . invitations. 25 eeuts per hundred: the specIal consecrat.ion service. "Looking Unto .Jesus," 10 cents each.

950

METHODS FOR WORKERS

ance in many landl'l published in daily "Around the balcony hung the flags papers, followed by additional notices of forty-two nations. Plants and from time to time, with pictures of bright flowers added to the attractiveleaders, interesting items on objects ness of the room. A large map of the for the offering, etc. Notices appeared world hung across the platform." in church calendars, church and Y. W. C. A. bulletin boards. The Oft'ering The "Call" was distributed in all Since addresses should be eliminated churches during December and wom- entirely if possible from the Day of en and girls urged to use the cycle. Prayer program another time should be arranged when women may be made Members of the committee visited conversant with the four projects tovarious church meetings and made ward which gifts on the Day of Prayer personal announcements. are devoted. This may be done through meetings in separate churches The Day of Prayer poster on which or by one or two union meetings held the time and place of meeting had been several weeks previous to the day. inserted was put up in all churches, These will prove of great educational Y. W. C. A., etc. value as well as spiritually helpful, and will stimulate the desire to par- Invit!ltions were sent to all women's ticipate in the work through the freeand girl's clubs, missionary societies, will offering on the Day of Prayer. young peoples groups and students. In one community such meetings were Day of Prayer seals (25 cents per held by the women of a local church hundred) were used on all letters and and the offering taken and then invitations. brought by each group of women to the Day of Prayer service. Many ma- A special luncheon is held each year terials are available for such prothree or four weeks preceding the grams. Day of Prayer. The "Call to Prayer" is used as place cards and a special Indian Work. An intensely interaddress given. This offers a fine op- esting program may be prepared on portunity to visualize the projects for Indian Work using the leaflets, "After the offering by an address and an ex- School-What?" "Why Educate Him?" hibit of pictures, posters and leaflets, and "My Neighbor, the American Inetc. dian." Unified Thinking," also has a section devoted to this topic. Copies of the "Call" and program were distributed among shut-ins and Christian Literature for Women in hospitals, and patients invited to and Children in Mission Fields. One join in the fellowship of {Jrayer. is deeply stirred by the need revealed in the leaflets UNothing to Read," We found two of our city pastors "What $10,000 meant in 1928," or by were broadcasting two devotional the presentation of the little dramaservices daily, so we interviewed them tization, "A Day in the Office." Samand secured their cooperation. The ples of the children's magazines in one who was conducting a vesper serv- nine languages and dialects may be ice each evening gave a very sympa- had, thus making possible a small disthetic talk on the history and play. significance of the day the night preceding the Day of Prayer, and the Migrant Work. A stereopticon lecpastor in charge of morning devotions ture of sixty beautifully colored slides very beautifully devoted the period depicts Migrant Work in the eastern from nine to nine-thirty on the Day and western parts of the United of Prayer to the service. This pre- States. The pageant "The Kingdom ceded any service in the churches. of Love" was presented most beauti- ful at Northfield and Chatauqua, N. Place of Meeting Y., and numerous other places, large It should be central and comfortably large. Women appointed to usher and take offering. A woman writes,

and small have effectively presented it messenger in white, singing the an- indoors or out, elaborately or simply. swers. "Amelida" is a dramatization showing the need for schools in Mexican labor In the responsive reading which camps. The leaflet giving printed pro- follows, the congregation voices the gram may be utilized or it may be heart cry of mankind in all the world, preferable to arrange a program from and the leader brings Jesus, in His the leaflets, "Whither Bound," "Our own words, as the one who meets Greatest Crop," "A College Girl's every need. If the hymn, "I heard Summer Diary," "Little Gypsies of the Voice of Jesus Say" could be sung the Fruit." by a group representing many nations it would help to sustain the thought Women's Union Christian Colleges that Jesus is universal and meets the in Foreign Fields. There are leaflets needs of all mankind alike. on the work of each of these seven colleges and joint leaflets on the seven Following this comes a great period entitled "Share Your Education with of thanksgiving by personal testimony, the Women of the Orient," "New in prayer, and by bringing our gifts Ships for Old." "Seven Candles," a of thanksgiving through which He short dramatization of the work of may be made known to others. A these colleges is also available.* suggestion in advance of the meeting to various persons will avoid any loss Thinking, Through the ProgralU of time during the period of testi- mony. Jesus, as the world's Saviour, is the central thought running through- Following this comes the period of out the program. During the opening confession as we call to mind our failperiod of meditation as people are en- ure to lift Him up. This is too sacred tering the church, hymns centering a time to publicly voice personal conabout the Cross and Jesus as the fession, so each person is asked to do world's Saviour may be played softly so in silence before God, followed by -"In the Cross of Christ I Glory," directed prayer for our failures na- "Beneath the Cross of Jesus," "When tional, and international. I Survey the Wondrous Cross," "We Would See Jesus," "Jesus Saves," Weare led now into a very sacred "What a Friend We have in Jesus," part of the program. We hear the etc. call, "He Must Be Lifted Higher" and the challenge of Pentecost to per- After the call to prayer, the pro- sonal witnessing for Him, so in silence gram opens with the great hymn of we shall pray that He may have His exaltation, "All Hail the Power of own way with us. The hymn, "When I Jesus' Name." Then during a short Survey the Wondrous Cross" is played Scripture reading we meditate on softly, not sung unless it be the last what He was and what He did for the stanza only. world. Surely we shall then be ready to Through the messages from dif- renew our dedication to Him in the ferent nations and the antiphonal duet, words of David Livingstone and in the "Art Thou Weary" is visualized the song, "Oh, Love, That Will not Let Me unsatisfied longing of hearts every- Go." where for one who can satisfy. The latter may be made effective if one is After this renewed dedication of represented as a weary traveler sing- ourselves, we shall be ready to enter ing the questions, and the other a into the period of intercession for the world, bearing in mind that Christians * Materials on ((Indian lVorkJJ [HId 111ianwt in many lands all around the globe, are praying with us for these same needs. 1t'orf:. may be seenl'ed from the COU1I('il of 'Vouten for Home MissioH8, 105 E. :!:!d St., The call to renew the habit of per- Ne,,,, York City, und the materials for Ohri8tian sonal witnessing for Christ which Litwrahwe and lVotnen's Union Oolleges from comes to us during this nineteen hunthe Federation of "roman's Boards of ~~oreign dredth anniversary of Pentecost is bellissiollS, ~i19 Jj10urth Avenue, New York City.

ing answered by women and girls all as the Spirit of Thanksgiving might round the world, and we may go out preside, introducing herself, making from this service on the Day of Prayer an introductory statement, then calling with the consciousness that we are for personal testimonies. (By previous linked with them not only in prayer, appointment see that some are ready but also in this new fellowship of per- to respond immediately.) After this sonal witnessing, so with confidence she may direct prayer as suggested we can close our day with the hymn and receive the offering.

"Lead On, 0 King Eternal" and our The objects of the offering lend "World Family Prayer." themselves to presentation in the A Girl Tells of Plans for Girls form of living pictures. For example, the picture representing "Migrant In putting on the program for the Work" may consist of a mother, poorly World Day of Prayer for the young clad, carrying a large basket of vegeta- people of our city there was no exist- bles and several little children holding ing Federation of Young Women's to her skirts. The one for "Religious Missionary Societies, so we got in Education Directors in Government touch with pastors, and secured one Indian Schools" may be a youth, repre- outstanding young woman leader from senting an American Indian, and a each denomination. These with repre- teacher, studying the Bible together.

sentatives from the Y. W. C. A. and For "Christian Literature for Women churches for colored and foreign born and Children in Non-Christian Lands,"

constituted the general committee. one could have a group of women and At the first meeting an enthusiastic children dressed in Chinese, Japanese explanation of the World Day of and Indian costumes each with a mag- Prayer, and its widespread observance azine or book in her hand. The name was given. We went over the program on the magazine should be concealed.

together and discussed the suggested The "Seven Christian Colleges for plans. This general committee was Women in the Orient" could be repre- then dissolved into three subcom- sented by three girls in costume of mittees; program, publicity, and Japan, China and India, each carrying room-arrangement. (For committee a diploma. As these pictures are suggestions see "How We Made It shown some one should explain very Known," "Place of Meeting" and briefly what they represent.

Thinking Through the Program"). One city always plans a combined Every detail of the program must service with young people for their be carefully planned, if the service is evening session. A year ago a com- to be effective and worshipful. This mittee of young people, one from each makes the responsibility to the pro- church, was called together. After gram committee great. As the pro- plans were completed each one was gram for 1930 is studied carefully by asked to visit a church other than his this sub-committee it will be found or her own and invite the young to lend itself to touches of color. For people's groups to attend the service.

example, the part, "Jesus, the Desire They responded more than 200 strong, of All Nations," would be more effec- both white and negro races, meeting tive if, instead of it being read, it in an adjoining room for a few mo- would be presented by girls dressed ments of prayer.

to represent the students of the coun- They marched into the dimly lighted tries quoted. If there are representa- auditorium from the doors on either tives from these nations living in the side of the pulpit singing, "Onward community, use them. They could also Christian Soldiers," and carrying sing the hymn, "I Heard the Voice of lighted candles. They marched to the Jesus Say." rear of the church, down the outside For the part, "Let Us Give Thanks" aisles and came up the main aisle to a girl dressed in a pretty flowing robe the seats reserved for them. All stood

facing the audience while the whole When planning the program the congregation joined in singing, "All theme, "That They All May Be One,"

Hail the Power of Jesus' Name." used around the world, was followed, The young people took a prominent though the program was entirely dif- part in the evening program. ferent from the one prepared for the adult groups. It consisted of stories Children and the World Day of of children in many lands, with songs Prayer and prayers phrased in language During the past two or three years understandable by children and in be- a few communities have arranged half of children of all lands.

special services for the children on THE FOLLOWING Is ILLUSTRATIVE the World Day of Prayer. It is one of the finest opportunities in the whole Prelude-A medley of well-known hymns year to lead the childven of a com- played softly as children assemble. munity to think in world terms and of children of all races and nations as kin Hymn-Brightly Gleams the Banner. to themselves. Thinking back over Salute to the Christian flag and the flag of the United States-A Boy Scout and Girl Scout or Girl Reserve in uni- the plans made for one of these chil- form holding the flags.

dren's services we find a few sugges- Hymn-My Country 'Tis of Thee. Recitation-"If all the girls in the world tions which might be helpful to others. took hand, beginning with me, First, one who was working success- 'Twould make a line from sea to sea; fully with the children in one of the churches was made chairman. Then If all the boys took hands stretching from shore to shore, conferences were held with the paster 'Twould make a world of friendliness and children's worker of each of the where wars could be no more." churches, the executives of the Girl Call to Worship–Read in unison. Reserves of the Y. W. C. A., the Boy Hymn-We've a Story to tell to the Na- Scouts and Girl Scouts. Perhaps there would be other children's organiza- tions.

Story-Giving a glimpse of the life of children in China.

tions in your community that could be Prayer-Read by children with bowed approached-much enthusiasm was heads. (Phrased in language undercreated as al could see the tremendous standable by children and mentioning possibilities. The chairman was in children of other lands.) touch frequently with the leaders of the various groups for the two weeks Hymn-Saviour Like a Shepherd Lead Us.

Story-Telling of the unprivileged chilprevious to the Day of Prayer-so dren in the homeland.

the enthusiasm never waned. A meet- Prayer-Read by children with bowed ing of all these leaders to make first heads. (Special mention of newcomers plans and then another get-to-gether for checking up purposes a week be- to our land and others here who are fore the Day of Prayer helps tremen- in need.) Story-How the Artist Forgot Four Colors.-Margaret Applegarth.

dously. "Write-ups" in the church Hy'mn-In Christ There Is No East 01'

calendars and local newspapers; an- West. nouncements at meetings of children's Closing Pmye1'-By leader.

mission bands and in Sunday-schools As each child arrived he was given for two or three Sundays previous to a program on which were printed the the day; attractive posters on the prayers and words of the hymns so church bulletin boards-all brought that the service proceeded without anthe meeting to the attention of both nouncements. A song leader and a the children and their parents. It was gifted story teller contributed greatly. found advisable in all publicity to The program was completed in an hour link the children's meeting with the or perhaps a few minutes less so that other meetings being held for young people's and adult groups and to hold the children's interest was maintained al the services in the same church. throughout.

METHODS FOR WORKERS l}55

The following songs are exceedingly And crown thy good with brotherhood usable and e:lfective when used in From sea to shining sea. connection with an India Progralll. 0, beautiful for pilgrim feet INDIA'S SUNSET SONG Which suffer mortal pain, Tune: Jua.nita Who strive to find the way to God Now o'er the waters, °That way so clear and plain. B.urns the crimson afterglow, India, our India, God mend thine every flaw From a hundred temples, Make strong thy soul in self-control Fades the day so slow. Thy liberty in law. Where the Palm Tree rises Telling of a foreign strand 0, beautiful for patriot dream That sees beyond the years Turn our hearts in sorrow For this stranger land. Thine alabaster cities gleam India, sad India, °Undimmed by human tears. Let the dead years speak no more, India, our India, God shed His grace on thee India, sad India, And crown thy good with brotherhood Open now thy door. From sea to shining sea. Well may the sunset -Adapted by Mrs. Ferguson of Madra8 Leave the color mark of pain from "America the Beautiful." On sky and waters In its crimson stain. The followIng songs were written by Bishop Frederick Fisher and And where fiery sunbeams Rest on pyres where widows died Harry e. Knight, a young boy, after See we then the anguish each had visited Kalighat, the temple Centuries cannot hide. described by Katherine Mayo in Mother India. I secured them in Cal- Oh, how we're longing cutta. That you know the Prince of Peace A HYMN When He shall enter, Thou shalt find release Tune: Canonbury 01' Mary ton Methodist Hymnal 411 When the whole world's Saviour Lay beneath the Eastern Star Behold the millions in their tears Of sorrow, slave-hood, sin and shame: Saw you not your Day-spring Rising from afar? They grope through superstitious fears, Unloved, unknown is Jesus' name. India, 0 India, Dull worshippers of stones and trees, ° Lift your eyes from ruins old; Blind children of a blinder god; India, India, Weary, they crawl on hands and knees, Now thy Light behold. But know not why they toil and plod.

Far towards the sunset Gaunt women faint with loads of care, Lies a land to pilgrims dear, Unnurtured children fade and die, But alone in dreaming Nude pilgrims spend their lives in prayer, Do its shores appear. Yet find no answer to their cry.

Ah! the heart grows braver ° Master, of the ransomed life, Looking toward that Homeland shore, Give me the word to set them free, Let thy sweet calm replace their strife, And the time is coming When the sea's no more. Teach them the joy of trust in Thee.

India, our India. No cost too great to make them Thine- We would still with thee go on; These hungry crowds that seek in India, our India, o fiIl vain- with power divine, Onward toward thy dawn. Thy church INDIA, MY INDIA The clamoring millions to reclaim.

Tune: Matet'na -Frederick Fisher.

0, beautiful for azure skies, (Composed at Calcutta Tuesday, August For golden waves of grain, 30, 1921, on returning from Kalighat For snow-capped mountain majesties -famous Hindu shrine.) Above the palm-strewn plain.

0, India, my India, God shed His grace on thee

A PRAYER FOR INDIA center candle; each of the tables lights a candle before depositing the money. Tune: True-Hearted, Whole-Hearted The table having the most mite-box Father, Creator, Omnipotent Being, money has the pleasure of cutting the Save, Oh, we pray Thee, "mite-box cake" which has been hidden This land from sin's chain! in the large mite-box.

Give of thy grace and thy glorious teach- The music and five-minute program ing, provided by each table must be on the subject of mite-boxes. Souls of the heathen By love to regain. The following suggests the type of material to be used by tables. Chorus: Hark, they are crying! I paid for my hat, I paid for my gown, I paid for my coat I purchased down Out of the darkness Cometh a voice full of pleading to me, town, And when I returned, 'twas as plain as Hark, they are calling! Father, in kindness, could be Give us the wisdom to set them all free. A mite-box for Him, and a band-box for Father, Creator, Thou Heavenly Ruler, me. Send to thy followers Thy bountiful grace; I tossed in a dime but it did not seem right That, full of love and Thy wonderful power, I was not proud of that, 'twas a curious sight. We may help heathen To see Jesus' face. I took out my check book, I wished to be on the square Chorus: Hark, they are crying! etc. I wanted my giving to look like my prayer. -Harry C. Knight. The Mite-Bol< Opening TWO MITE-BOX SUGGESTIONS MRS. RAuBENALT, Ashland, Ohio A Mite-Box Party Last year a mite-box came to you Representing the four seasons, Winter, 'Twas empty, pale and sad; Spring, Summer and Fall. It held one tiny seed of hope The Winter Table. That you would make it glad. Covered with white crepe paper and (empty mite-box is shown) decorated with Christmas trees and It thought, perchance, 'twould be its lot Poinsettias. To sit all year and mope The Spring Table. But when you said, "I'll do my best" Covered with green and pink crepe Your interest roused its hope.

paper, cut out flowers, bluebirds and (tiny flower pot, no green visible, butterflies. Wax some butterflies and labelled, "Interest") put on the flowers. Use a little hoe, rake and shovel tied together and stand Thanksgiving came with merry cheer them up. Put a seed catalogue by them. For blessings great and small: The Summer Table. Your heart was filled with gratitude The mite-box felt them all. Covered with red, white and blue crepe paper. (larger pot, with green plant, labelled "Gratitude") The Fall Table. Use a paper table cloth with turkeys, You learned of sisters far away Now struggling towards God's light; apples, peaches and fruit in it; autumn leaves will add beauty. Your mite-box held the Sacrifice You made to help their plight. Each table in turn reports the number in attendance, its amount of mite- (larger pot with plant with buds on box money and the amount per capita. labelled, "Sacrifice") The one dressed as a mite-box writes When spring proclaims the Love of God this on a blackboard and the table chair- In everything that grows man takes the mite-box money to the head table and drops it in a large, Remembering those who know him not, beautifully decorated mite-box resem- Your mite-box overflows. bling a cake. Have on it five large candles. As the first table representative (blooming plant marked, "Love") is approaching the President lights the This mite-box held a seed of hope, Your love has made it grow.

We dedicate it now to Him From Whom all blessings flow.

(full mite-box)

METHODS FOR- WORKERS

INCREASING SUBSCRIPTIONS in his heart that he would not defile him- self.-Dan. 1: 8. Send to the Women's Missionary eociety of the United Lutheran Church "I wouln he true, for there are those in America, 723 Muhlenberg Building, who trust me." 1228 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, Pa., for a copy of Wave Length. Have *** your slips ready for subscriptions. Youth and Pleasure-She that liveth OUR MISSIONARY MAGAZINE in pleasure is dead while she liveth.- 1 Tim. 5: 6. Tune: Old Kentucky Home "God calling yet! shall I not hear? The sun shines bright on the missionary Earth's pleasures, shall I still hold field, dear?" The harvest is rip'ning today; But who will reap, if we never see it ** grow, Youth and Opportunity-So then as And who will bear the sheaves away? we have opportunity, let us work that And gaze on that glorious scene; which is good toward men.-Gal. 6: 10. Go up an~ stand on the mountain top "Sowing in the morning, today, Sowing seeds of kindness." And the glass that will bring all the dis- Youth and the* C"all "to Service-And tant harvest nigh, Is our splendid magazine. he said unto them, Follow me and I will make you fishers of men. . Chorus "Jesus calls us o'er the tumult." Wait no more, my lady! Oh, come sub- scribe today! ** For our magazine is the best you've ever Youth and Consecration-Also I heard seen, the voice of the Lord, saying, Whom shall I send and who will go for us? Then said And it's more than worth the price that I, Here am I; send me.-Isaiah 6: 8. you will pay. "Just as I am, Thine own to be Come down and toil in the harvest on the Friend of the young, who lovest plain, me."

For, Oh, the laborers are few! ** For it's only love that can garner in the Youth and Friendship-There is a grain, friend that sticketh closer than a And there's surely a corner left for brother.-Prov. 18: 24.

you! "Jesus is all the world to me." If you work all day in the Master's ** golden field, Who knows what a sheaf you can Youth and Wisdom-Study to show thyself approved unto God, a workman glean? that needeth not to be ashamed, rightly And the sickle so bright that is ready for dividing the word of truth.-2 Tim. 2: 15. your hand Is our interesting magazine. "Break Thou the Bread of Life."

The following took first prize at *** Chautauqua Institute of Foreign Missions, August, 1929, for the best De- Youth and Giving-Freely ye have revotional Service method. ceived, freely give.-Matt. 10: 8.

Mrs. J. H. Rush, its author, lives in "I gave my life for thee, What hast Ontario, Canada. Be sure to pass this thou given for me?" on to your young people. >I< >I< >I< Youth in Scripture and Song Youth and Vision-Where there is no Youth and Worship—Give unto the vision, the people perish.-Prov. 29: 18. Lord the glory due unto his name; worship his name; worship the Lord in the "Open mine eyes, that I may see." beauty of holiness.-Psalm 29: 2. >I< >I< >I< "Crown Him with many crowns." Youth and Courage-Watch ye, stand " … … fast in the faith, quit you like men, be strong.-1 Cor. 16: 13. Youth and Purpose-Daniel purposed "Be strong! we are not here to play, to dream, to drift."

*** Youth and Missions-Other sheep have I which are not of this fold; them also I must bring, and they shall hear my voice; and there shall be one fold and one shepherd.-John 10: 16.

"Christ for the world we sing, The world to Christ we bring!"

WOMAN'S HOl1E AND FOREIGN

COUNCIL OF WOMEN FOR HOME MISSIONS AND FEDERATION OF WOMAN'S BOARDS OF FOREIGN MISSIONS PARTNERS IN PRAYER say, "The harvest truly is plenteous, World Day of Prayer, March 7. 1930 but the laborers are few. Pray ye It is a wonderful privilege to be a therefore" ! partner in the World Day of Prayer. What we need to guard against is the proneness to limit ourselves to a Who can measure its values? It is itself the product of prayer set day of united prayer. Rather shall which by the new vision of the world the day be the expression of the habit field united home and foreign mission of our lives, that we may always think of </urselves as members one of andays of prayer into one throughout other, humbly and gratefully saying, this land, and then extended the fel- "Our Father," and so joining in a unilowship to include Christian women . son of prayer, that the day may be 'round the world. hastened for which Christ himself Its fellowship overlaps all barriers prayed, "That they all may be one …. of race, color, national and class pride. that the world may believe." It includes the shut-in and the traveler, as well as those who assemble. Where MRS. ORRIN R. JUDD, meetings are held, prayers may be President, Council of Women offered in various languages; though for Home Missions.

the words are strange, the spirit that DEAR WORLD FRIENDS: animates them is understood by all. Those of different race and color and In the twelfth chapter of John's creed are seated side by side. National Gospel, Jesus, the World's Saviour, antagonisms are swept away by the excuses Mary's anointing of his feet. rising tide of Christian understand- The high priests are consulting to kill ing and good will. The inclusiveness him. The Christ rides into J erusaof Christ's love becomes an actual ex- lem; many who did not know Jesus perience. Sympathy is quickened to desired to see him. Jesus foretells active friendliness for the immigrant, His death. Many chief rulers believe, the oppressed and disadvantaged in but do not confess Him; therefore our own country, and the unprivileged Jesus calls earnestly for those who beand religiously destitute of every land, lieve in Him to confess Him openly. that they may learn of the love and It was at this hour that the Christ power of the compassionate Christ. gave to them and to us the key to the world's salvation: "And I, if I be In the spotlight of united prayer lifted up from the earth, will draw all the task which Christ has committed persons unto me." to His Church is more clearly seen, more fully apprehended. New methods Our World Day of Prayer, March are born, old ones adapted to meet 7, 1930, is to be one of sincere confes- present needs. United prayer leads sion and loving witnessing. Let us, as to cooperative effort. loyal daughters of our Heavenly All over the world the missionaries Father, set aside this day as Holy unto who bear the Gospel are heartened by the Lord. Every morning at sunrise, the consciousness that they are sup- until that day, let us study our own ported by the prayers of the Church lives, asking devoutly that the Holy at home. Prayer calls forth new mes- Spirit may lead and guide us into all sengers also, sends reinforcements in- truth.

to the ranks. Did not Jesus, our Lord, Preparation for this great and spe- 958 cial day of witnessing should be made FRIDAY. That the spirit of love may in an atmosphere of deep consecration, rule in the affairs of men, and that whether in colleges, high schools, day through a better understanding all :t:aces schools, or in churches and chapels. may be drawn into a universal brother- hood.

Let us all pray that March seventh SATURDAY. That in 1930, on this may indeed be another Pentecost. 1900th anniversary of Pentecost, the Christian Church in all lands may ex- Yours in bonds of service, perience anew the power of the Holy MRS. F. 1. JOHNSON, Spirit, and that Jesus may again be lifted up through a revival of the simple President, Federation of Woman's daily witnessing of His followers. Boards of Foreign Missions of North America. Pray Ye Therefore A Call to Prayer Many have been observing the noon- tide in prayer for peace, the sunset "And I, if I be lifted up from the hour each Sabbath as a time of prayer, earth, will draw all men unto me."- and now are setting aside the first John 12: 32. waking moments of each day for medi- tation and communion, for spiritual You are earnestly invited to join infilling in order more perfectly to with Christians of all lands in a World witness by word and life. Fellowship of prayer on March 7, 1930, by attending the service in your Has the "Call to Prayer" been discommunity on that day; also to unite tributed in your church, and throughwith others in "daily prayer with one out your acquaintanceship so that all accord during this 1900th anniversary may be joining in this daily cycle of of Pentecost. prayer? If not, it would be weli to get a supply immediately-it is free. "Evening and morning, and at noon Is the 1900th anniversary of Pentewill I pray * * * and he shall hear my cost claiming the attention of those in your area? The leaflet, "The Birthday voice."-Psalm 55: 17. of the Church" will aid in focusing though on this wonderful privilege of The following subjects for prayer, personally announcing the glad tidwhich were outlined for us by a young ings of more abundant life. woman of the Philippines, may well claim our waking moments each new day: SUNDAY. That all those in the Have plans been completed for pro- Church of Christ may, in preparation motion of the World Day of Prayer for the World Day of Prayer, March 7, in your community? Has a sufficiimt 1930, give themselves earnestly to the number of posters been procured to ministry of intercession. place one in each church, the Y. W. C. A., store windows, offices and other MONDAY. That we may be filled places of prominence? If not, they with the spirit of the Master, and may had better be secured at an early date manifest the devotion and sacrifice of the –10 cents each. early disciples, among them, women, who followed Him. Are the little seals being used on personal and official, social and busi- TUESDAY. That the Light of God's ness correspondence by all in your dis- Word may dawn upon the minds and trict? If not, why not start right guide the lives of all earnest seekers away-they are 25 cents per 100, $1.75 after righteousness. per 1,000.

WEDNESDAY. That there be an Have arangements been made for a awakening among Christians to their devotional service on the part of the opportunity to witness for Christ, and leaders and committee in charge prior that those who have not yet come to to the observance? The Service of know the Lord may find Him through Consecration "Looking Unto Jesus" a vital Christian experience. has been prepared to meet this need. Only two are required-10 cents each. THURSDAY. That the Youth of the World may consecrate all their powers to the building of God's Kingdom and may with rejoicing testify to Him and His power through their lives and message.

Do you know that a picture of each of women's, young people's and chilof the four projects designated for dren's groups, whether church, club special interest and gifts is included or social. with the program this year'! To be sure to have enough programs for all, Will all shut-ins and those in hospiplace the order early to avoid a dis- tals and institutions have a share in appointment-$1.75 per 100. the blessing of the observance? That is contingent upon distribution to them Will the meeting place be filled to of the "Call to Prayer" card and the capacity? That will partly depend program. upon local publicity. Do not forget to make plans early to utilize radio, news- Are we expecting an outpouring of papers, church pulpits, weekly calen- the Holy Spirit on the World Day of dars, bulletin boards and all meetings Prayer? "Ask and ye shall receive."

:B-'OREIGN MISSION BULLETIN THE NEW SECRETARY en's organized work in the church. Miss Tyler conducted the discussions At the November meeting of the of the conference with marked ability. executive committee of the Federation of Woman's Boards of Foreign Mis- Miss Tyler's family home is in East sions, Miss, Florence G. Tyler was Aurora, N. Y., but for several years elected to the office of executive sec- she has lived in Tenafly, N. J. Her retar;y, left vacant since the death of church affiliations are Presbyterian. Miss Ella D. McLaurin in July. ANNUAL MEETING Miss Tyler comes to this position with excellent equipment for the task. The annual meeting of the Federa- Her training for organizational work tion of Woman's Boards of Foreign and her wide acquaintance with church Missions will be held at Atlantic City, women in all parts of the country were January 11-14, 1930. Mrs. Katharine gained first in the five years from 1915 Willard Eddy, chairman ,of the Proto 1920 when she was traveling young gram Committee, has issued a prepeople's secretary of the Presbyterian liminary announcement of the program, (U. S. A.) Board of Foreign Missions. which bids fair to be a most interest- The next five years she traveled among ing and inspiring one. the colleges as joint student secretary for the Presbyterian Board of Foreign The theme chosen is Spiritual Fac- Missions and the Woman's Board of tors and one of the meetings will be Home Missions (now the Board of Na- a forum on worship as a part of the tional Missions). In 1926 she resigned technique of religion. It is expected from this position to become secretary that the use of music as a means of of the cooperating committee of the worship will be especially stressed. Women's Union Christian Colleges of Dr. Rollin Walker has been asked to the Orient, and closed her work with give a series of addresses based on that organization only when the com- his new book, Jesus and the Present mittee went out of existence in Janu- Day. At one of the meetings Mrs. ary of this year. Henry W. Peabody will present the plan for a World Fellowship of Chris- In May, Miss Tyler acted as presid- tian Women. ing officer of the Presbyterian Conference of One Hundred Women A special feature on one evening meeting in St. Paul, Minn., which was will be a dinner at which women from called by the General Council of that other countries will be the guests of church to consider changes in the ec- honor and the speakers. Some recent clesiastical status of women within the international gatherings including the denomination and the future of wom- recent Evangelical Conference at Havana, the meeting of the Institute of Pacific Relations held in Tokyo in

J WOMAN'S HOME AND FOREIGN BULLETIN

October and November, and the meet- be presented by speakers who attended ing of the World's Y. W. C. A. will these conferences.

HOME MISSION BULLETIN BOOTH SHARED BY THE Y. W . C. A., THE W. C. T. U., AND THE COUNCIL 01<' WOM]1)N FOR ITOMg MISf'IONS INTERESTING THE UNINTERESTED Amid displays of fashions and service being rendered in Christ's foods, household appliances and arti- name. For a whole week folk flowed cles of all sorts at the Exposition of by. Results, who can measure? Women's Arts and Industries at the Hotel Astor, New York City, Septem- One afternoon a church women's ber 30th-October 1st, one discovered a booth thirty feet long shared by the forum was held, presided over by Mrs. Young Women's Christian Association, Fred S. Bennett, a former President Council of Women for Home Missions of the Council. Nine hundred churches and Woman's Christian Temperance in Greater New York received an- Union. Here attractively arranged nouncement for the church calendar were artistic posters, samples of lit- and pulpit notice. erature and pictures of projects. And what of the unseen audience As women not particularly or not at that listened to the program on the all interested in missionary activities air? On Wednesday morning, Septempassed, they stopped to look at the flags of many nations or the illumi- ber 11th, over WGBS the Executive nated cross flanked by the Christian Secretary of the Council told of the and American flags and were greeted work and on Wednesday afternoon, by the hostesses who described the October 2d, Mrs. Orrin R. Judd, Presi- dent, spoke over WOR. On both days 5 the Y. W. C. A. and W. C. T. U. also presented their activities.

This was the fourth time the Council youth of the American Indian race had an exhibit at this annual Exposi- shall walk "the Jesus road"; we are tion. It is realized that a changing longing that all "citizens of tomorrow" world demands changing methods. To may be strengthened in body, mind and go out into the highways and byways soul. You are privileged to have a to make disciples now means not only share in enriching and gladdening to conduct mission stations, churches, these lives through your gifts on schools, hospitals, community and Golden Rule Sunday, December 8th. social service centers, to print books It will serve to make more joyous and prepare programs for missionary your celebration of that greatest gift groups, to address gatherings in of all, the child Jesus. churches and schools of missions, but means as well lifting the Cross in ANNUAL MEETING PLANS crowded commercial circles and sending the good news speeding over in- Again the Annual Meetings of the visible air waves to unseen hearers. Home Missions Council and Council of Women for Home Missions will be We would recommend to missionary held in Atla"ntic City. On January 7th women in other districts participation to 8th meetings will be held of the in similar expositions in their cities Commissions of the North American and in county fairs as a rewarding and Home Missions Congress in preparasatisfying experience. tion for the Congress itself which comes in December, 1930, in Washing- GOLDEN RULE SUNDAY ton, D. C.

Many have, through these latter The evening of the 8th, the Annual years, been observing Golden Rule Meetings of the Councils will open Sunday annually in December as a day with a session devoted to Mormonism, of self-denial when special gifts are the 100th Anniversary of Mormonism made for those less fortunate. It has occurring in 1930. The Highlanders been decided that this custom continue of the South will be considered in joint to be fostered, the underprivileged session on Thursday evening. childhood of the world to be the recipients. People are asked to have a Separate daytime sessions of the frugal meal that day and to give Council of Women for Home Missions generously. will be occupied with reports and discussions on the many varied activi- One of the major projects selected ties-missionary education through for these gifts this year is the work literature, student work, international conducted by the Council of Women relations, legislative matters, law enfor Home Missions among migrant forcement, World Day of Prayer, confamily groups. Religious work in ferences and schools of missions, Government Indian schools, also con- women's local and state interdenomiducted by that Council, is another of national groups-and a joint business the projects for which gifts will be session of the two Councils will remade. Donors may specify toward ceive reports on Indian Work, City and what specific activity gifts are to be New Americans and other items. used. All gifts made through the Golden Rule Foundation will go in en- The prayers of all church women tirety to the objects specified, no de- are earnestly requested during the duction being made. The overhead days of preparation and especially on expenses of the Foundation are met January 8th-10th while the Annual from other sources. Meetings will be in session-that deci- sions shall be Divinely guided and all We are longing that more abundant that is done be in accordance with His life shall come to the little folk in the holy will "that they all may be one," families that harvest the crops so that "that Jesus may be lifted up," and to we may have fruits and vegetables the furtherance of the complete comon our tables; we are longing that the ing of His Kingdom on earth.

tion to this, more than a half a

A, Children's Crusade tracts were handed out.

FIFTEEN European countries have Helping French Protestants formed Committees on W 0 rId Friendship Among Children, similar THE French Protestant churches are in many ways to the American Com- faced with the cumulative difficulty mittee that has carried through the of the migration of their members two friendship projects with Japan from rural districts to the industrial and Mexico. The International Com- centers and to Paris. Some of the' mittee now includes eighteen coun- most fruitful centers are in districts tries, and it is hoped that a project in where the soil is very poor, and the which the children' of these countries temptation to go where they could will unite can be developed during earn higher wages was not to be re- 1931. England has already appointed sisted. But in the industrial areas and the officers and members of her Com- the great cities these people found mittee and plans to carryon a project themselves scattered among an unsymduring 1930 with the children of some pathetic population, practically pagan, European country. Holland and Bel- largely inclined to communism and acgium have agreed on the wisdom of tively hostile to all religion. They ofan exchange goodwill project between ten found themselves miles from the the children of the two countries.- nearest Protestant church. It was very Federal Council Bulletin. difficult to follow them up and keep in touch with them.

Belgian Gospel Mission The Protestant churches, many of which were destroyed in the war and THIS Mission recently made a test their supporters ruined, have had a at a Sunday meeting in Brussels. hard struggle to maintain themselves. There were about three hundred peo- With the greatest efforts the minimum ple present, and when, at the close, pastor's stipend was only £80 a year, they were asked how many had been and the average manse family was brought to Christ through the instru- four children.-The Christian. mentality of the Mission, some two hundred and twenty-five arose. This Girls' School Obtains New Site was a single testimony at one station.

Last year they were able to open four THE gift of $10,000 has made pos- new posts and dedicated three new sible a new site for the American halls. Today they have forty-three College for Girls in Athens. It con- posts at which services are regularly sists of 16 acres in a new suburb called held. Elleniko, on the sea front about four From the standpoint of Bible dis- miles beyond Old Phaleron where the tribution, one year's record will indi- college now occupies temporary quarcate how much the Mission has been tera, and about six miles from the city instrumental in circulating the Word of Athens. The location is remark- of God. Last year alone they dis- ably lovely, with the dark shoulders of tributed eleven hundred and twenty- Mount Hymettus as a background and nine Bibles, fourteen thousand New the marvelous blue iEgean in front.

Testaments, one hundred and three The village of Elleniko, with about thousand Scripture portions. In addi- 150 houses erected and 300 going up, 963

is being occupied for the most part by Youth in the Balkans professional people-doctors, lawyers, engineers,-graduates of Robert Col- ACCORDING to a statement made by lege and the American College for .t. Dr. W. R. Visser 'tHooft, of Girls of Constantinople, a highly congenial neighborhood. This site could Geneva, the immediate spiritual probnot have been secured but for the co- lem of holding the youth to the Church operation of the Greek government and is particularly acute in the Balkan the Refugee Settlement Commission. countries. The spread of modern Funds to erect new buildings will now secular civilization to the Balkans is a be the objective.-Record of Christian relatively new phenomenon, and is Work. coming with such swiftness as to make the task of the Church extraor- Conditions Change in France dinarily difficult. Orthodox Churches are only beginning to develop pro- DR. CHARLES MERLE D'AU- grams of religious education adapted to modern needs. According to Dr. – BIGNE, in the 83d annual report Visser 't Hooft, however, the most farof the World's Evangelical Alliance of seeing leaders in the 0 r tho d 0 x London, speaks of changed conditions Churches are awake to the situation in France since the Great War. and are trying to arouse their con- stituencies to deal with it effectively. "The materialistic and agnostic Especially in Greece are progressive philosophy .which with Taine and forces under way where the Brother- Renan had reigned supreme during 50 hood (Zoe), a group of young men years has been replaced by another who are devoting themselves to the infinitely more respectful of the tenets task of vitalizing the Christian reof the Christian faith, and mindful of ligion, is having a great influence, the spiritual nature of man. The Ro- through its schools and its publication man Catholic Church, which had lost of literature. In the present transiits hold on the mass of the French peo- tion period, Dr. Visser 't Hooft feels ple, is developing a remarkable ac- that the three Christian youth movetivity in all spheres of human enter- ments-the Y. M. C. A., the Y. W. prise, social, political, scientific, and C. A., and the World Christian Stumore than all, literary; and by the dent Federation-have a unique part zeal of its priests, its work among the to play in the Near East.-Federal young, its schools and colleges, its mis- Council Bulletin. sions and retreats, the strengthening of its sacramental action, it is en- AFRICA deavoring,. and has in a great measure succeeded, in retrieving the losses it Black Jews of Abyssinia made during the last half century. The working classes and peasantry are MISSIONARY work among the still generally indifferent or hostile, Falashas or Black Jews was bebut the well-to-do and educated are gun by the Church Missionary Sobeing won back rapidly to the influence ciety before 1838, for in that year the of the Church. .:r'his change of atmos- missionaries were banished. The work phere is naturally affecting our own was again resumed in 1855, and in work. The days are past when mass 1859 the London Jews' Society sent movements towards Protestantism took out a worker. From 1864 to 1868 the place among the Roman Catholic pop- missionaries were thrust into prison. ulation and ex-priests sought admit- Until 1923 no work was carried on tance into our Reformed ministry. among the Black Jews, but since then Our propaganda has to adapt itself to the London Jews' Society has kept its the new conditions, and our enrolment workers in the field. Rev. Thomas of converts has to be made one by Chalmers, Editor of The Jewish Misone." 8io~wry Magazine, states that the Black Jews have evidently been in Abyssinia since before the days of

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

Christ. Their worship is modeled tents, with a staff of one doctor and after the Tabernacle, with its altar and his wife, a woman missionary and dissacrifices, and not after the synagogue. penser, three Egyptian catechists, nine They are unfamiliar with the Feasts dressers and servants. of Purim and Dedication, which points to a separate existence since before "Some 200 people had assembled, the days of Esther. Missionaries of having tethered their donkeys and the London Jews' Society, now at camels, then came in turn to the rework among the Black Jews of ception tefit, where they registered Western Abyssinia, have just cele- and received a message in Arabic. brated their diamond Jubilee. From there they go to another tent for examination, then treatment. In a Populations Decimated small tent minor operations are made, more serious cases being sent to Old I N ONE small area of Africa alone, Cairo. Of the three catechists,. one with a population of three and one stays in camp, the other's visit villages half millions, there were recorded, in in the vicinity. the first three months of 1925, no fewer than 200,000 deaths from Re- "Before they leave the camp patients lapsing Fever and Cerebro-spinal are given the little pamphlets prepared Meningitis. Large areas have been by Dr. Harpur dealing with simple almost entirely denuded of population hygiene and treatment, written in diafrom the ravages of sleeping sickness. logue form. In this way a beginning In some parts of Africa the entire is made towards dispelling the utter population is affected with hookworm ignorance which in countless cases is and others with yaws. There are the cause of so much of Egypt's suf- 32,000 known lepers in the Northern fering and disease. They are also giv- Provinces of Nigeria and a mild esti- en copies of the Gospels and Epistles mate places the lepers in the Southern written in the colloquial Arabic spoken Provinces at 100,000. Malaria, yellow in the Delta country, and in this way fever, blackwater fever, plague (which the lessons of the camp are driven is mostly bubonic), smallpox, phythisis home for those who hear them, and (which is unfortunately rapidly in- through them passed on to villages far creasing), dysentery, and diarrhrea, and wide."-C. M. S. Gleaner. venereal diseases, etc., give rise to a mass of suffering, and sadly depreciate "ANight Life in Johannesburg the manhood which is the real wealth UNIVERSITY of crime!" The of any people. Mention must also be late Dr. Frederick B. Bridgman made of the diseases of women and t h u s characterized Johannesburg, children: the high mortality in preg- South Africa. Miss Mabel E. Emernancy and among infants in the first son, foreign secretary of the Amerifew weeks of life. In one place the can Board, confirms this description estimate of the infants dying within in The Congregationalist. the first three weeks of life was placed at 9 in every 10. In many places the "Hundreds of thousands of black infant mortality is known from sta- men and boys are recruited annually tistical data to be 480 per 1,000.- from all over South Africa to work "Conquest by Healing" Report. in these mines. These men come, usually under a nine months' contract, Medical CaDlp in Nile Delta and furnish the cheap labor which makes the mines pay the white man. OLD Cairo Hospital maintains a So high does racial hatred run in medical camp near Mit Ghamr, South Africa that the black man is desome fifty-five miles up in the heart barred by law from any skilled labol', of the Nile country. Rev. G. H. Har- however well he may be able to perris, editorial secretary of the C. M. S., form it. tells of a vlsit to this camp of fifteen "These thousands of black miners live like prisoners in the great bar-

racks of the mine compounds. There, "tell me the story you're telling in the segregated, .they are without the re- villages; I feel my sin; I must get straints of home and tribe, and often rid of my sin; I must know God. Ma adopt all the vice of 'civilization.' Risasi, tell me the story you've been Johannesburg offers splendid oppor- telling in the villages." tunity for speedy development along these lines." She told of the sacrifice on the Cross, explained the hope of Heaven. The Bantu Men's Social Center, The power of sin waR broken; a new founded and conducted by Rev. Ray dynamic came in. Since then he has E. Phillips, offers to these African been witnessing. He is learning to boys and young men recreational, edu- read, though probably fifty years old; cational and religious opportunities. he has started a school in his village; Gymnasium, lunch rooms, n i g h t and four months after his conversion, classes and clean movies fill the week. made a profound and absolute dedica- Phillips works closely with the Cham- tion of himself to God.' At the conber of Mines and the mine owners. ference six months later, when Masaba He has established circuits of moving rose to lead in public prayer, it was pictures which are shown in the com- the sensation of the day among the pounds. three thousand natives gathered to- gether to wait upon God for ever- One film, "From the Manger to the widening revival. Cross," is shown especially" on Sunday evenings. Reverent, silent when they The Church in Tangale should be silent, singing gloriously as the hymns were shown on the screen, MISSIONARY work for the Tanthe 3,000 men gathered in the com- gale tribe was begun early in pound made an impressive picture. 1917. In 1925 a small building was put up for a school at Kaltungo. One Congo Cannibal Won of the first converts taught the Gospel at Biliri, where interest steadily grew W F. ROADHOUSE, in the Sun- until in 1928 some 80 young people • day-School Times, tells of Ma- were enrolled, and a second station saba, employed twenty-five years ago was opened. This growth was con- tinued, until the past year saw 150 by Congo officials to commandeer rub- young men and about 50 young women enrolled in a Christian school. Each ber gatherers, men or women. He Sunday, from two to four hundred gather for worship, a feature of each had authority, and when men would service being testimony giving. At the Wednesday night prayer-meetings, not go with him to work, he would one has to be prompt to be among those who pray aloud. In one of the shoot them down, cut them up, put villages, the young men have put up their own building for school and them in a pot, add palm oil, cook them, chapel. In all, fifteen schools are now in operation. The most encouraging and eat them. He ate his hundred! feature of the work is the way the Christians are zealously carrying it All the natives knew him. He was forward the m s e I v e s.-Evangelical Christian. also the executioner for his chief, WESTERN ASIA hacking off men's heads, and was Turkey and Manual Labor known as the most cruel monster in I N TURKEY, work was formerly all that Congo country. .. looked upon as degrading, but to- day the Turks are reaching out eagerly In December, 1927, he carne to the Deti Hill station, directed by the"Heart of Africa Mission, and inquired for Ma Risasi (Miss Mary Rees, whose African name means Miss Bullets, because she shoots the Gospel so fast).

She treks down among the villages around Deti, alone, wades the streams, tackles big black men about their sins, preaches about hell and Heaven and God's requirement of righteousness.

"Ma Risasi," said this merciless black,

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

for more knowledge of how to do reports that he is about to establish a things with their hands, and do them new Baptist Church at Cana, where skilfully. When the American College Christ performed His first miracle. in Tarsus was reopened after the war Converts number more than twenty, and Turkish boys began to attend as and come chiefly from people who pupils, one dignified officer brought have not been identified with other rehis son, saying, "I and my father and ligious bodies. Baptists of the South grandfather were government officers, purpose to further extend their 'work but I want my son to get out of this throughout Palestine. life and earn his bread with his hands. Show him how to work." The Persian Church Slowly mechanical devices are being T HE work of evangelizing Persia adopted, and machinery installed, but has become a vital and well-organlarge factories are few and skilled ized campaign, dating from the interworkmen in these are largely foreign church conference in Ispahan in 1927. and not native Turks. This hurts the At this conference the ground work pride of Turkish leaders and makes for future complete union of the them more eager to receive help from churches was laid and a representative America in the form of schools teach- committee formed, which met in 1928 ing trades and industries. to make plans for a beginning of the evangelization of Persia by the native Rev. Paul E. Nilson, in charge of church. Also, four young men were the school at Talas, points out that in appointed by the Persian Church, conhis opinion the greatest contribution stituting the first board of home misto the Christianization of Turkey is sions in Persia. This board has sent not in teaching the young men various to all the churches detailed suggestions trades, but in helping them to be for enlisting every member in the honest workmen. The training in the work of spreading the Gospel-a work use of tools must be accompanied by which has been supported by the the teaching of those elements of char- churches throughout Persia. Misacter which make for a good and sionaries and native Christians now honest workman. Easy-going and go on walking or cycling tours through careless laborers; leaders who accept the country, depending on conversabribes and steal capital; both work- tions with Moslem fellow travelers and men and leaders with no sense of distribution of the literature which duty, punctuality or exactness; lack they carry for their work of converof cleanliness in using equipment; sion. A beginning in bazaar preachlack of confidence between partners ing has been made with caution in and lack of organization in industry some localities. The problem of rural have been very active factors in caus- evangelization is being studied and ing the downfall of native industrial methods devised for its solution. Perprojects in T u l' key. – Missionary sians are in some ways fickle folk. Herald. They constantly need something fresh to stimulate their enthusiasm, and Baptists in Galilee they soon tire of a new idea, yet both in church and out of church there is T HE Baptist Church in Nazareth unmistakable proof that many lives reports a Sunday-school with an are found again in Christ Jesus. average attendance of 235 maintained Among all the Persian Christians by the Southern Baptists of the United there is a readiness and confidence in States. It stands near the traditional prayer to which they respond magsite of that synagogue in which Jesus nificently should some sudden call Christ, returning from Capernaum, arise.-ConfJrr.qati()nab:~t Chu1'ch Migread the Bible lesson3 as described by Luke. The organization is rapidly be- sionary Outlook. coming self-supporting, and the pastor

INDIA eastern horizon) and when I get to Congress Considers "Untouehables" Dalat, the god of heaven is there"

T HE Working Committee of the In- (pointing to the western sky). dian National Congress is advocat- There are said to be anywhere from ing the following measures for the two to six millions of the Moi, yet removal of untouchability: there is not one missionary or even a (1) Throwing open Hindu temples native Annamese evangelist anywhere to the so-called untouchables by ap- among them.-Alliance Weekly.

proaching their managing trustees, etc.; Christ's Ethical Standards M (2) Throwing open of public drink- R. H. C. BALASUNDARAM, writ- ing in the Indian Witness, gives ing-water wells for the use of the socalled untouchables; the following testimony to the influ- (3) Throwing open public schools ence of Christianity in India: to the children of untouchables without A very valued Hindu friend in South distinction; India is at the head of a large banking concern. In the course of conversation I (4) Better living and sanitary habi- askl:!d him if he did not take very great tations for the untouchables; risks in advancing large sums of money to his constituents. He explained the (5) Instruction in sanitation and long p,rocess before any sum is given. hygiene; "But,' said he, "after the lawyer and the inspector have submitted their re- (6) Weaning the untouchables from ports I have a talk with the man. If in the evil habits of using carrion and the course of the talk I get the impresdrink.-The Congregationalist. sion that the man is unreliable I refuse to make the advance." He ended by say- A Degraded Race ing that after all the one thing which Counts with us in the bank is "char- T HE Moi of French Indo-China are acter." Another Hindu friend saying somewhat like the lowest type of goodbye to me said "Follow Jesus al- North American Indians. Ethnologists ways." These are just two examples out consider them the most degraded race of many which' can be paralleled in the on the earth. They are the original experiences of almost every Christian inhabitants of this land, but were driv- worker, indicating that the accepted canen into the mountains by the Chinese on of conduct in business and public life and Hindus three thousand years ago, is the Christ's conduct. It is not merely when they began the admixture of the adoption of the Christian standard, races which resulted in the Annamese. but the perpetual basking in that sun- Between the Moi and the Annamese is shine that counts. Nothing else is comthe bitterest hate, fear on the part of patible with the best interests of the individual and the community.

the Moi, and contempt on the part of the Annamese. An Undermanned Field I The Moi cannot count more than two F THE Moslem population of India received its proportionate quota of or three, and have no way of measuring distance or time except by the sun. missionaries as compared with the A Moi chieftain was asked how far Hindu population, nearly twelve hun- away he lived. He said he lived down dred missionaries would be devoting the road a long way. As every road themselves to the Mohammedans, but is well marked with milestones every out of 6,027 missionaries in this area kilometre, with names and distances only about 35 have had specialized clearly painted, he was asked how training for work among Moslems, and many kilometres away. He did not most of these are in Central and North know, and could not count the stones. India. At present there are only three Then. – (he understood Annamese or four men missiona1-ies (and two of well) how many hours it took to get them well beyond the age of retire- there. He pointed to the sun and said: ment) for over three and a half mil- "When I leave home, the god of heaven /.ions of Moslemll in South India,- al- is just coming up (pointing to the though the Church of England Zenana

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

Mission and other societies in Madras these areas serve to show the impor- Presidency and Mysore State are doing tance of this work. In the Telugu work among Mohammedan women and country there are 68,000 baptized ad- girls. Moslems in South India form herents, 45,000 are u-nder instruction six per cent of the whole population. for baptism, and on the average 7,000 The great importance of India for are baptized annually. The figures mission work among Moslems has been under the corresponding heads for summarized by Dr. Zwemer: Travancore are 38,000, 2,900, and 700; "It is the largest Moslem country in and for the Punjab 37,000, 400, and 1,- the world. It is the most active in the 900 respectively.

press, having 222 periodicals. It has 17 Moslem-spoken languages; is the Christianity at Work only country which has sent out Mos- "WTE DARE no longer use foul lanlem missionaries;. and, owing to Brit- W guage; the Christians would not ish rule, Moslems can publicly confess Christ as in no other land." work for us if we did!" was the testi- mony of a caste woman in a Christian village of fifteen years' standing.

Christian Witness for Nepal In some areas testimony has come OPEN preaching of the Gospel is that Christians, on account of their in- forbidden in Nepal, but for the tegrity, command higher field wages; past five years a Christian physician, that Christian laborers are in demand Dr. B. Pirthi .Dal, has been established for transplantation and harvesting be- in the last village within British Ter- cause they do not require close super- ritory, Jhulaghat, on the borders of vision; that poisoning of cattle, abu- Nepal. Without the aid of a grant sive language, and drunken brawls from any missionary society he has have become unknown since the Chris- been silently witnessing for Christ tian religion was introduced into the among those who have come to him for village; and that a non-Christian caste healing, and on one occasion he pene- man spent as much as Rs. 1,500 in trated Nepal itself for a distance of feeding his Christian serfs when the some 60 or 70 miles with three co- whole Christian village was burnt workers. He has established a chari- down by an accident.-Church Mis- table dispensary at Jhulaghat, where sionary Outlook.

thousands of Nepalese patients hear the message of Jesus every year. In OHINA fact every patient is given the mes- Christianity Taking Root N sage of the Great Healer of souls and OW and again one reads evidence of Chinese appreciation of Chrisbodies.-Indian Standard. tian principles. Prominent officials and C. M. S. M""", Movement bankers in Peiping and Tientsin re- THE Church Missionary Society has cently headed a successful drive to se- large responsibilities in India in cure $25,000 for a new men's regard to mass movement work in sev- dormitory for Yenching University, en different areas. The result of this Peiping, a most encouraging instance particular work is that literally thou- of good-will and international coopera- sands of people are baptized every tion. To this may be added the fact year. In some of these centers the na- that about a year ago a Child Wel- tive church has been able to undertake fare Association was organized in a large share in the work both with Shanghai. It is under the chairman- staff and finances, while 'in other areas ship of Dr. H. H. Kung, Minister of the Indian workers are few and not Commerce and Industry and an active yet fully experienced, consequently the member of the Congregational Church.

supervision and guidance of the for- During the year this Association has eign missionary are still necessary. received and distributed, mainly for The following figures for three of famine relief, about $20,000, of which

about 16 per cent. came from Chinese have formally assumed full responsifriends. The rest came from America. bility for all work heretofore known as At their first annual meeting, they the American Board Mission. The inadopted the aim of upholding the digenous church becomes the center rights of the children of China, and from which the whole missionary enpromoting their welfare in every pos- terprise of North China Congregationsible way. Other events show that alists will be directed. The Council Christianity has taken root in China. becomes a Promotional Board of the -Frank Rawlinson. Church instead of a joint mission- church administrative body. As such Idols Overturned it will have, among other things, direct communication with the churches of ASECULAR movement a g a ins t the West through the American Board idol-worship, impelled by a of Commissioners for Foreign Misstrong nationalism, is under way in sions, with which it cooperates. Amerthe Shantung Province of China. Na- ican Board missionaries are invited to tionalist workers have removed idols become members of the Chinese from many temples and have inaugu- Church, and only as members or aprated several types of community serv- pointees of the Chinese Church will ice therein. One of the largest of they hold any office in the administrathese temples has been made into a tion of work in China. In other words, home for the aged, and 200 poor men missionaries of the American Board and women, 60 years of age or older, now become missionaries loaned by the have been admitted. The "Throne American Board to the Chinese Room" in another celebrated temple, Church.-Missionary Herald. where for centuries the god, Tai Shan, had received the homage of millions, Ra.iders Slauglo.ter 20,000 has been turned into a city hall. The huge image, once worshipped with fer- A MASSACRE by Mohammedans vor, now lies with many smaller of 20,000 men and boys in Danimages in a rubbish heap.-Indian gar city, province of Chinghai, China, Witness. is reported by Findley Andrews, an American missionary of the China In- Ameriean Board Milestone land Mission, who has returned from a three months' investigation in the A CHANGE in the method of se- famine areas of northern China. His lecting delegates was a feature story is one of the most terrible on of this year's session of the Council of record. He says that Mohammedan North China Kung Li Hui (churches raiders in two hours annihilated the associated with the American Board) : male inhabitants of the mountain city Heretofore each station association and then looted the homes. Religious had sent one Chinese and one foreign fanaticism is given by Mr. Andrews as missionary delegate. This year there the motive for the raid. A Moslem re- Wml to be no discrimination as to na- bellion has prevailed in Kanau province tionality. Out of the thirty delegates for some time. The missionary says present, eighteen were Chinese lead- Dangar presents a new type of probers_ This reorganization marks what lem, for there are thousands of women may be called the third stage in Ameri- there witho",t husbands or brothers, can Board work in North China. Be- and in despair. The city was full of ginning in 1860, with no Chinese starving refugees at the time of the church at all, missionaries were obliged to assume full control. In rajd.~Missio1J-S. 1914, most administrative functions were transferred to the joint Chinese- JAPAN-KOREA Foreign Council, which for the past 15 years has been one-half Chinese and "What Think Ye of Christ?" one-half foreign. After two years of study and discussion, Chinese churches REV. FRANCIS N. SCOTT asked fifty-seven young men in his class in ethics at Aoyama Gakuin to say un-

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

reservedly what they thought of Jesus schools and the 1,353 government Christ. The students averaged 22 schools, less than thirty per cent of years of age. Although Confucius the boys and girls of school age are in ranks very high with the educated school. Six church bodies are working class, the majority considered Jesus in the Korean Federal Council, and by the greatest man who ever lived. mutual consent the territory has been About one-third of the group thought divided among the various missions so of Jesus as a Saviour. that there is no overlapping. This has A little more than half the class worked out splendidly, and many work- cannot think of Jesus as the Son of ers have been able to push out into God. One said he was not a Christian, unevangelized territory.-Presbyteri- but that he "worships Christ." One an Survey.

who said he couldn't believe Christ more than man is a third-generation For Chinese in Korea Christian whose father is an ardent T ARGE colonies of Chinese, undisciple of Bowne. Practically every L touched by the Gospel, are living man in the class is greatly impressed with the teaching of Jesus concerning in Korea. Rev. C. E. Scott tells of Love. Love seems to be one of the out- preaching circuits established for standing things' in the Japanese con- these Chinese, the work centering in the capital of Korea, Pyengyang, a ception of Christianity. Several were impressed with the sinlessness of Je- flourishing city of 100,000 inhabitsus, which they seem to accept quite ants. With the help of Americans, naturally, and lament their own sin- Koreans and Chinese, a site was sefulness and inferiority as compared cured in the heart of the city, and with Him. yard and building remodeled to supply a chapel suited to the purpose. Rev. That Jesus is an ideal character, and Lieu Yen Ting, Shantung pastor and one whose example may safely be fol- former professor of theology in lowed, was a practically unanimous Tenghsien Seminary, was persuaded opinion. to take charge of the undertaking.

Although many of the Chinese women Heroic Faith have lived in Korea for ten to twenty I T IS estimated that two per cent of years, they have not learned the lan- the entire population of Korea are guage, and following Chinese custom, professional beggars, many of whom never appear in public and do not are orphan boys and girls; between know other Chinese women. This is eight or nine per cent are in the pov- in striking contrast to the Korean erty-stricken class. It is also estimated women, who appear on the streets in that seventy-five per cent of the best as large numbers as the men, and who rice land is in the hands of the J apa- attend religious meetings by the hun- nese; seventy-five per cent of the Ko- dred. In some cases, Chinese women rean farmers have landlords, and the are eager to attend services, but are average annual income of the farmers prevented from doing so by their hus- is $137.00, yet last year the Korean bands. "Not Chinese custom," say Church gave $623,380 to carry the they. The great need is for Bible Gospel into Asia. All baptized Chris- women, to visit these sisters living in tians give to Home and Foreign Mis- isolation.-Record of Christian Work. sions, and the Korean Church is carrying on Foreign Mission work in Christian Church in Korea B Siberia and in Shantung Province, ECAUSE it is a small country, without such dialects as exist in China. At present, in Korea, there are 571 China, it is not difficult to obtain ac- mission schools in which 42,000 boys curate information about missionary and girls are getting a Christian edu- progress in Korea. The Christian con- cation. Yet with these 571 mission stituency is now about one and one

half per cent of the population, after AUSTRALIA AND THE ISLANDS forty-five years of effort; whereas in Japan, after seventy years, it is two Church Aeroplane thirds of one per cent; and in China, after one hundred and twenty years, A STRIKING ministry of an Aus- less than either Japan or Korea. Sta- tralian Home Mission Society is tistics for 1927 give the total of com- that of the Bush Church Aid aero- municants, catechumens and probation- plane. This machine is devoted ex- ers in Korea as 157,852. Of this clusively to the work of the Gospel, number the Presbyterians and Metho- and Rev. L. Daniels is pilot and me- dists have a joint total of 141,534, chanic all in one. With the plane (a while the remaining 16,318 are divided De Haviland' "Moth") he ranges all among the Church of England Mission, over the vast outback, ministering not Oriental Missionary Society, the Or- only to people in the far distant town- thodox Russian Mission, the Seventh ships, but also to the folk on the sta- Day Adventist Mission, and the Salva- tions and isolated sections. Nature tion Army. This body of Protestant has provided many excellent landing Christians totals with adherents and grounds, and the people of the Far attendants, perhaps 300,000 in a popu- West are keen to have the "sky pilot" lation of about twenty millions. The give them a visit. For twelve months number of Roman Catholics is given as the plane has been in flying commis- 108,298. sion, and results have fully justified its use for the Kingdom of God.-Aus- The Presbyterian Church in Korea trafia Christian World. has been autonomous since 1907. It erects all its own church buildings, Hospital Nam.ed for Bishop Brent pays all current expenses for its church buildings, and furnishes all the ON MAY 11th, National Hospital .salary of its ordained pastors. Day in the Philippine Islands, the name of the Church Hospital in Zam- Students Make Use of Training boango, Mindanao, was officially changed to Brent Hospital, to honor CHOSEN Christian College has some the memory of the late Charles Henry thirty students who assist in reli- Brent, first Bishop of the Philippine gious services regularly on Sunday. Islands and the founder of the hospital. During the fall term of 14 weeks, 22 Formally opened on February 7, 1914, such students reported having Brent Hospital was the first to be es- preached 59 sermons, taught 245 Sun- tablished for the civilian population of day-school classes, assisted in music Zamboanga. Since the establishment and other forms of pastoral work. of a government hospital much of the During vacations, student groups go charity work of Brent Hospital has to all parts of Korea on evangelistic been transferred to that institution, tours. Thus new Christian centers are but Brent still renders a large volume established, and churches are renewed. of free medical assistance through its dispensary, and a large proportion of In February of this year a survey the American and foreign elements of was made of the 197 living graduates the community are cared for. The of the college at that time. It was medical work is in charge of Dr. J. C. found that 59 of them were paid help- Trota, a young Filipino surgeon, who ers in the church or in church and acquired his medical and surgical edumission institutions; 30 were known cation in the United States and who to be active lay workers in the church, has had a wide experience with dis- while 53 others were known to be eases of the temperate and tropical Christians; only a few of the total zones. The nursing staff consi~ts of ~umber are known not to be Chris- six nurses all trained at St. Luke's tians.-Korca Mission Fidd. Hospital, Manila. During Ii recent month seven different nationalities

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

were treated: Filipinos, Chinese, ized and a Survey Committee ap- Americans, Moros, Japanese, Armeni- pointed.

aIlS and Spanish.-Spirit of Missions. In Arizona, an Interdenominational Cou neil of Bishops, Superintendents, Christmas tor a Buddhist Priest Executives and Field Representatives ONE of my most valuable experi- has been set up and a Survey Commit- ences in the Philippines, writes tee appointed. Orville L. Davis, has been the friend- ship of an ordained Buddhist priest Christ-the Hope of the Jews I who attends my class on the Life of N 1905 there were 8,000 converted Jews in the United States; now Jesus. Noting some of the glamour of Christmas celebrations in homes, there are approximately 20,000.

he contrasts it with some of the beau- More Jews have been converted in tiful church services held in Japan, Europe since the war than in any emphasizing the fact that Christmas twenty-year-period before the war in is a day of deep religious significance, the history of Europe.

and not for indulgent merrymaking. Much is being said about making He takes pride in the fact that the Palestine a national home for the Japanese along with their dramatiza- Jews, but this race will never really tions and games, have "solemn cere- be at home except in the Church of mony and good preach." The following Christ. It is a remarkable fact that are his own words: "I believe that, despite all the political and financial step by step, Christmas will be intro- inducements that prominent leaders of duced among the Japanese families as the community have offered to Jews in other civilized countries. I sincere- to go to Palestine, so few of them have ly hope that the true Christian right- gone there hitherto. While Christian eousness and love shall soon penetrate missions to the Jews have been inade- throughout our nation." quately supported, and have had few indeed of the human resources en- NORTH AMERICA joyed by the Zionist Movement, they State Home Mission Councils have persuaded almost, if not quite, as A NEW cooperative spirit among many to turn to Christ as the Zionist churches of the south has re- organizations have induced to go to sulted in the development of State Palestine.

Home Mission Councils. In Georgia, the organization of a Baptist Growth T Council of Home Mission Superintend- HE American Baptist Home Mis- sion SOclety, in its 97th annual reents' has been effected, which is .e~­ pected to bring the denominational port, summarizes the year's progress leaders together annually in confer- as follows: Two new Mexican mis- ence. sions opened, one in Wellington, Kan- In Tennessee, a Home Missions sas, the other in Gary, Indiana; the Council has been organized whose an- completion of a cooperative undertak- nual meeting will be held during the ing in Nevada whereby the mission- period of the Institute for Rural Pas- aries of the two Home Mission Socie- tors at Vanderbilt University, each ties are now enabled to reach five April. fields; the dedication of new buildings In Alabama, a State Council of at Lodge Grass, Montana, and Wa- Home Missions convened in the city tonga, Oklahoma; growth of Bible and of Birmingham, on June 7th. Christian fellowship groups in Chris- In Florida, there' was a meeting of tian centers; completion of tlie church the denominational executives in Or- building at Winnemucca, Nevada; lando in June. dedication of a church and parsonage In New Mexico, a Superintendents' following an evangelistic campaign by Council for the state has been organ- the workers in charge of chapel car

"Grace," in Utah. The number of Canada lead with an annual expendicollege students in the Negro schools ture of thirty-five millions. Great assisted by the Home Mission Societies Britain spends eleven millions each increas&d from 500 to 2,500 in the last year while the Protestant churches of five years. Germany, Norway and Sweden each average slightly over a million. The Missionaries and general evangelists report a total of 6,402 baptisms as Protestant churches of South Africa follows: English-speaking, 403; In- are giving on an average of half a mildian fields, 184; foreign-speaking, 1,- lion annually to the extension of the 239; general evangelists, 2,500; Latin Christian faith in the hinterlands of America, 1,236; colporteur-mission- that great continent.-OuUook of Misaries, 840. sions.

Pre8byteri~ns Reach Two Million Union Approved FOR the first time in its 141 years DELEGATES to the general confer- of existence, the Presbyterian ence of the Evangelical Synod of Church in the U. S. A. has a communi- North America have approved a plan cant membership of two million people, of union with the Reformed Church according to the official census just in the United States and the United made public by Dr. Lewis Mudge, Brethern in Christ without a dissentstated clerk of the General Assembly. ing vote. The church merger, if ap- The exact membership is 2,004,467, a proved by commissions of the three net increase of 41,629 for the church denominations, will unite about 1,000,- year which closed April 1, 1929. This 000 communicants. is the largest annual net increase in the past four years. The number of Both the Reformed Church and the new communicants added on confes- United Brethern have approved the sion of faith was 113,995, the largest plan in principle. Organic union will accession of new converts in the past be mapped out at Dayton, Ohio, by the five years. Presbyterian statistics re- three commissions. The plans then lating to membership are based on the will be submitted to the separate de- nominations again for final action.

number of communicants in good standing, and not on the Presbyterian Church. Boards Merge A population or upon the number of bap- MERGER of missionary boards is taking place in the Methodist tized members. The number of infants baptized during the past church Protestant Church. The new board of year was 45,470, an increase of 846 missions, consisting of twenty-one over the previous year, and the largest members, including six ministers, four number in the past four years. The laymen, ten women and the president Sunday-school statistics are less en- of the general conference, takes over couraging. The total number of Sun- the duties 'of the former board of for- day-school members enrolled is now eign missionary administration, board 1,595,313. This is a loss of 18,700 for of home missions, and women's home the year, whereas for the previous missionary society, and combines two year there had been a gain of 17,498. weekly publications, the Methodist Re- corder and the Methodist Protestant.

Expenditures for Foreign Missions I N A table recently prepared in the Su.mmer in Tenneesee Mountains offices of the International Missionary Council, the aggregate annual in- THE summer of 1929 has been in come of Foreign Missionary Societies many ways the greatest in the hisin different countries reveals a total of tory of church extension in the Tensixty millions of dollars spent annually nessee mountains. While many on foreign missions around the world. churches in large centers were closed The churches of the United States and for the summer, it was a time of great activity in 'isolated and neglected

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

places in the Southern Highlands. support has increased 700 per cent to Thirty-five vacation Bible Schools were nearly $3,000, and total giving to nearheld in Cumberland Mountain Presby- ly $50,000. tery, practically all in regions beyond churches and pastoral care, and under "Our objectives are three: Stratethe directions of the Sunday-school gically located modern equipment, well Missionary of the Presbyterian Board trained racial and bilingual leaders, of National Missions. The smallest and the awakening of all to inter-racial school was at Annadel, where classes cooperation."-WorI4 Service News. were held under the trees. Their wretched school had been destroyed by LATIN AMERICA the flood disaster of March, 1929. The largest school was at Gobey, a lumber 1"HE Latin-American Prayer Fellowcamp. The young men there all work ship was organized by Mr. A. B. in the saw mill, so the young people's DeRoos for evangelizing the unreached class and the adult class met together in Mexico and Central America. It is at night. Each evening there was a composed of a band whose hearts the recreation period from 6: 30 to 7: 30, Lord has touched, people of one heart after which the pupils went into the and one spirit, seeking to get the Gos- . house for classwork. After the devo- pel to unreached peoples, while dependtional period. the teachings of Jesus ing upon the Lord to furnish all were studied, and the last period was needed means for the work, without spent in discussing young people's any advertising. problems. Important results have come and will come from the work done in This Fellowship is aggressively this class. All the places have asked seeking the evangelization of Mexico's for Bible schools next year, and three millions of neglected Indians. new Sunday-schools have been organ- Through Mr. DeRoos and a group of ized in neglected communities.-James native Indians two tribes are being D. Burton. reached; two others have been entered with marked success. Beside the six- Interracial Opportunity teen native workers there are seven foreign men ahd women, whom God REV. VERNON M. McCOMBS, has gathered from New Zealand and Supt. Latin American Mission, America, all mentally and spiritually Los Angeles, says: "There is no op- equipped for aggressive work. They portunity to reach the hearts of the plan to enter as many as possible of peoples of Mexico, France, Italy, Spain, the forty-three tribes of Indians in Portugal, and other Latin races like ]Hexico. that offered by home missions among their 8,000,000 fellow Latins living in Three Joys the United States. The" last four years in the Latin American Mission have DON MARCELINO Vasquez is the seen seventy-three workers making outstanding Christian leader of 150,000 visits, preaching to over 1,- the Indians in Guatemala. The follow- 000,000 worshipers at 30,000 services, ing story of finding his Lord is transplacing 12,000 copies of God's Word, lated from the Spanish: and a quarter of a million copies of other Christian literature, winning "The knowledge of the way of God nearly 3,000 converts, and receiving has brought me three great joys, Ilnd 1,200 full members. Church schools I know that what is true of me is true now enroll 3,225 and there are 1,100 of many of my people. The first joy Leaguers. The growth in leadership is the joy of a song. I never knew the in four years shows the number of joy of singing until I learned it with ordained ministers more than doubled, the Gospel. The second joy is the joy and twelve others.in training. Self- of prayer. Ever since the first mis- sionary by his example tauJlht me to speak to my Father, it has been my joy to take all my problems to that Father. We have sometimes taken a

night and a day to talk it over, but we ber of towns in the southern part of have never failed to come to an under- the Republic and to the rural sections. standing. What confidence prayer puts -Jay S. Stowell. into life! Leaven in Brazil "The third joy is the joy of service. I had to learn to read after I was con- THE Penna Evangelica, published verted. With what pleasure I began under auspices of Presbyterian misto spell out the words and so discover sionaries in Cuyaba, Brazil, has 500 the will of God for myself! When God subscribers, and carries a weekly gosgave me fellow believers, we had to pel message into the homes of many erect a house of prayer. What Ii joy it who do not attend church service. was to sacrifice and save and see God's This little paper, edited by Senor Jose house take form before our eyes! We Nonato, has made a brave fight against had to found a school so our children corruption, vice and unrighteousness, might have opportunities we had never even in high places. The state lottery, enjoyed, and this brought with it dif- the cabarets, drinking, gambling and ficulties and even persecutions which other social evils have been couragethe Lord gave us joy in facing and ously condemned and combated. The overcoming. The joy of having a mes- editor has been subjected to threats, sage of salvation to give to men and ridicule and persecution, but has never of having men to whom to give it is given an inch of ground to the enemy. beyond all comparison. Personal reasons have compelled him to resign the editorship, but the work "The joy of the Gospel has kept us goes on under the direction of the new through sickness and persecution, and, pastor of the Cuyaba Church. while we are grateful to those who have aided in any way to bring to us Critical liituation in Peru the knowledge of the Gospel and to enable us to bear testimony more ade- THE following translation of a Pequately to the truth among our people, ruvian Government Decree which it is the Christ to whom those of us has been published in various papers who know Him must bear a united in South America, calls for urgent testimony wherever man is found, and prayer for the Master's work in that it is to Him that we owe the joy of our country. This will affect all Protessalvation."-Robert E. Speer. tant work being done in Peru.

Another Cooperative Project Article 1: In the educational estab- lishments which are in operation in the A HOME mission project being put RepubliQ, both official and private, doc- into effect in the Dominican Re- trines which in any sense are opposed to public is the direct outgrowth of co- the religion of the State may not be operative Protestant work in the taught. neighoring island of Porto Rico. Instead of assigning territory to the dif- Article 2: The private educational ferent denominations, Protestant institutions in which this decree is ingroups began a strictly cooperative en- fringed will be closed. The government terprise which bears no denominational may, in such cases, confiscate in accordname. The work includes evangelism, ance with the law, the respective buildworship, religious education, school ings and educational material. work and hospital service, which has not only done much to help relieve Article 3: Moral and religious educaphysical suffering, but has helped to tion shall be given in all the colleges and raise health standards for the entire schools of the Republic, both official and island and provides opportunity for private, subject to the plans, program, the professional training of nurses. and decrees which the government may This program began in Santo Domingo make, and in accordance with the text and has since been extended to a num- books approved by the ministry of educa- tion.

Article 4: The children of parents who belong to different religious persuasions may be excused from religious instruc- tion, prescribed in the foregoing articles,

19291 WORLD-WID:8 OUTLOOK

provided that the dispensation be ob- world in our own generation, and emtained from the ministry of education by phasizes evangelism at home as well the respective parents or guardians. as abroad. In view of the immensity of the world task, it urges the neces- Article 5: The government shall, es- sity of every Christian being a soultablish schools for the indigenous popula- winner and the coordination of work tion where it deems convenient, and, in at the home-base and in the foreign the departments of Puno, Loreto and field. Ayacucho, it shall establish pedagogical institutes for masters and mistresses of The case for America was recently the indigenous population. epitomized in the Literary Digest: Article 6: In the ministry of educa- "More than thirty-two per cent of tion there shall be created a department all Presbyterian, Northern Baptist, of indigenous education, whose organiza- and Methodist Episcopal churches in tion and functions shall be determined the United States do not report a by the government. single convert last year (1927). The figures show that Article 7: The present decree shall form an integral part of the reform to be "In 3,269 of the Presbyterian adopted in accordance with Law No. churches there were no converts. 6520. "In 3,474 Northern Baptist churches -Inland So. American Mission Bul!e- there were no converts. tin. "In 4,651 Methodist Episcopal MISCELLANEOUS churches there were no converts.

Lambeth Conference "This ratio seems to show that in sixty thousand churches of all denomi- THE year 1930 will mark the hold- nations in America during 1927 not ing of the Lambeth Conference, one person was added on confession of which, once in a decade, brings together faith in Christ." the bishops of the Anglican communion throughout the world. The con- Missionaries Increasing ference will be held from July 7th to August 29th, and invitations have al- AMONG the signs that point to inready been addressed by the Archbish- ft creasing interest in Christian op of Canterbury to the 370 bishops of missions abroad is the fact that the the Anglican body. The central theme number of new missionaries sailing in of the gathering is to be "The Faith 1928 exceeds those sailing in 1927 by and Witness of the Church in This over one hundred. This is the first Generation." Included in this general year since 1920 to show an increase heading are the following concrete over the previous year. topics: Outgoing missionaries last year 1. The Christian Doctrine of God. numbered 667 but these are not 2. The Life and Witness of the Chris- enough to maintain missionary pertian Community. sonnel abroad. At least 1,500 new mis- sionaries are needed annually to make 3. The Unity of the Church. good the losses due to retirement, ill health, and other causes, in the total 4. The Anglican Communion. Protestant mission force of about 30,- 5. The Ministry. 000 missionaries. North America has furnished over four-sevenths of that 6. Youth and Its Vocation. total, so that at least 850 new mission- aries are needed each year from North World Dominion Movement America to maintain the present mis- sionary forces.-Student Volunteer. THE World Dominion Movement which was organized in Great Britain by Dr. Thomas Cochrane a few years ago, is neither controversial nor sectarian; it is inspirational and constructive; a unifying fellowship. It stands for the evangelization of the 6

00K5 WORTH

~§ Any books mentioned in these columns will be forwarded by us on receipt of price.-THE REVIEW.

Through Central Africa. W. J. W. Roome. subject. HiB'many wanderings through 8 vo. 5s. Marshall Morgan and Central African forests as agent of Scott, Ltd., London, England. 1929. the British and Foreign Bible So- ciety, during which he has become the This volume is just what its author intimate friend of missionaries of all calls it, "a story." It deals with the the societies working there, have envery heart of the African continent, abled him to see the work in the large the section about the border lines of and have qualified him to give council Southern Sudan, Uganda and Congo of the utmost importance as to its BeIge. Remote from the rapidly ex- further development. tending paths beaten by civilization, this area still represents Africa at its P. H. J. LERRIGO. wildest and Mr. Roome's story pre- Aggrey of Africa. By Edwin W. Smith. sents to us the little people of Bido in Illustrated. 8 vo. 292 pp. $3. New the depths of the pigmy forest and re- York and London. 1929. lates how the African apostle, Apolo, won their hearts and set his Bakonjo This Christian son of Africa, eduboys the task of foliowing them in cated in three continents, was proud their forest wanderings with the mes- of his color, though cultured white sage of Christ. people slighted and sneered at him be- It is but seldom today that the white cause of it. He was wont to say: man's travels take him into the midst "If I went to heaven and God said, of tribal warfare but Mr. Roome's 'Aggrey, I am going to send you back motor did just this and enables him to earth, would you like to go as a to tell of the Lugware revolt in the white man l' I would reply 'No, send midst of which only the missionaries me back as a black man. I can do a walked unguarded. Occupying the work as a black man that no white man center of the book is the account of can do. Please send me back as black the attack upon the ancient curse of as you can make me.''' Babel, made by the Rejaf language conference, which resulted in shedding There spoke the Spirit of Christ in light in the midst of a linguistic chaos this saint in ebony. He was a man and deciding upon what languages who was loved and respected by all who should be used for educational pur- knew him. The color of his skin did poses in a broad area. not affect the purity and beauty of his soul. J. E. Kwegyir Aggrey was born The book tells of training wild ele- on the Gold Coast, West Africa, in phants at Abi and pictures the work 1875 and died in New York City on of the several missionary societies July 30, 1927. He came of a line of which are taming the wild men of this powerful chiefs. His father and area. Perhaps the most important mother were both strong characters. chapters of the book are those in the They could not read or write but imend which deal with the question of bued their son with a high sense of occupation and the strategy governing honor. He was baptized and sent to a the development of the Christian cause Wesleyan Methodist school when he in Central Africa. No one is better was eight years of age. The boy fitted than Mr. Roome to speak on this showed great eagerness to learn and 978

BOOkS WORTH READING

aptitude in his studies. Later he said heroic young Church of England Canon that his father and mother became live before us. Many striking and Christians through him. stimulating quotations, taken from his This story of Aggrey's life is stimu- diaries and letters, show his innermost lating and instructive. It shows a man thoughts and feelings, his ambitions of rare spirit and culture. He was and conflicts. Canon Gairdner showed well informed, witty and wise; his his courage and spiritual sincerity as judgment was sought by black and a Christian when a student at Cam- white and he was an orator and a bridge and these characteristics were continually manifested during his teacher of high ability. Though he died at the age of forty- thirty years in Cairo. He was a true eight he had received many honors in friend and a faithful missionary. to Africa and in America. He was suc- Moslems. The story of his life is incessively teacher in West Africa; in- tensely interesting to all with a like terpreter in the Ashanti Expedition nobility of spirit and unselfishness of (at twenty-one); professor at Liv- purpose.

ingstone College, North Carolina; a It is a stimulating life story and student at Columbia University; will help to perpetuate Temple Gaird- pastor of a Methodist Church; a mem- ner's influence on young men. The ber of two Phelps-Stokes commissions record of his life magnifies his Lord to Africa and a member of the staff and Saviour, Jesus Christ.

at the Prince of Wales College and School, West Africa. Seven Thousand Emeralds. By Frank C.

Edwin W. Smith, the author of Laubach. Illustrated by Margaret "The Golden Stool" and other volumes Ayer. 12 mo. 158 pp. 75c paper, $1 has given us a well-written and an un- cloth. New York. 1929. usually stirring story of a remarkable man. This will do more to alleviate Enthusiasm for the, subject and the and destroy race prejudice than will way it is presented is the feeling with many theoretical or rhetorical dis- which one lays down this little volsertations on the subject. It is also ume. It is the best short story of the a conclusive proof of the image of Philippines and is a masterpiece of God in ebony and the worthwhileness missionary writing for young people. of Christian missions to the Africans. It will interest those from ten years of age to one hundred for it has hero tales of adventure, of sacrifice and Temple Gairdner of Cairo. By Constance service. Perhaps the picture of the E. Padwick. 8 vo. 78. 6d. London. Filipino people given here is a bit 1929. rosy but it is an inspiring picture. It Intellectual keenness, specialized is a story of the struggles of these training, a keen sense of humor, well island people for freedom from the developed artistic temperament, re- cruel oppression of Spain and the markable musical talent, a lovable dis- friars; a struggle led by the heroic position, deep spirituality and whole- young patriot Rizal and others. Then hearted devotion to Jesus Christ as follows the story of the establishment divine Lord and Saviour, made Temple of civil and religious liberty under Gairdner an unusual character, a American protection; the eager desire unique man and a wonderful mission- for education; the giving of the Bible ary. which had long been a forbidden book; The' story of his life-at home in the preaching of the Gospel of Christ England, in Cambridge as a student and the establishment of churches.

secretary, and as a missionary in Cairo There is much of spiritual stimulus -is simply, beautifully and sympa- here and a wealth of human interest thetically told by a fellow missionary in the stories of these young Filipino of kindred spirit. Miss Padwick is an men and women. Any redblooded able biographer and has made the American will be thrilled. The author

is an optimist and an idealist. He is China: Yesterday and Today. Prof. Edalso well informed and writes with ward Thomas Williams. Fourth edithe touch of romance and of poetry tion, revised to December, 1928. 768 concerning a people whom he loves pp. $3.75. New York. 1929. and admires and to whose welfare he has devoted his life as a Christian After 35 years in China, the remissionary. viewer unhesitatingly recommends Royton Manor. By Caroline Atwater this volume as the one book that gives Mason. 8 vo. 302 pp. $2. New York. most completely all that the general 1928. Mrs. Mason's books are well-known reader needs to know about China. The author, who is now Agassiz for their literary quality, sustained Professor of Oriental Languages and interest and high purpose. The pres- Literature in the University of Calient novel deals with a young woman, fornia, was formerly American Charge Deborah Duane, who faced the prob- d' Affaires at Peking, and more relems that arose from a marriage .with- cently chief of the Division of Far out love; who passed through stormy Eastern Affairs, Department of State, seas and came out victorious. It is Washington, D. C. His first experithe story of how a young woman, ence in China was as a missionary with Christian character and ideals, met modern conditions and tempta- in Central China, and his equipment tions without being overwhelmed by for his task is about as complete as them. The characters are well drawn, it could be. the scenes are graphically depicted and the lesson is clearly impressed This book was first published in without moralizing. 1923, and, through its own merit and the special interest in China aroused Our Husband. By Myrta H. Dodds. Pam- by the stirring events of the past phlet. 35c. Indianapolis, Ind. 1928. three years, has called for three later This play of harem life in Africa editions in 1927, 1928 and 1929, the last including the Nationalist "Unifigives a clear idea of the evils of cation of China" and other important polygamy among Moslems and the events to December, 1928, with a reblessing of the missionary. It uses vision of the work and a more logical from twenty to forty characters and is arrangement of the chapters. The suitable for women's and young table of pronunciation of Chinese people's societies. Suggestions are names will prove helpful, but his own given for costumes, stage setting, etc. acquisition of the language in Central China has led him to give other than Blazing New Trails. Archer Wallace. 12 the official pronunciations to the mo. 149 pp. $1. New York. 1928. vowels e and o. These fifteen brief missionary biog- The book is perhaps most open to raphies practically all relate to well- criticism for its scant recognition of known pioneers but the stories are the large part played by Christian freshly and vigorously told. They in- missions in the transformations of the clude James Chalmers of New Guinea, past century; but the few references James Evans among the Cree Indians, to missions are all appreciative. Keith Falconer of Arabia, Mary Slessor of Calabar, James Stewart of Appendices give eight pages of "Im- Lovedale, Arthur Jackson of Manchuria and others. The sketches are portant Dates in Chinese History," rather too short to give a rounded picture of the heroes presented. The thirteen pages of Bibliography, Popuauthor is an associate editor of the Sunday-school publications of the lations, Railways, Steamship Com- United Church of Canada. panies, Distances, Foreign Pr>pula- tions, General Foreign Mission Statis- tics, Banks and Banking, the Press, Exchange, Weights and Measures, and Meteorology. A 1929 map of China is inserted, and the book is fully in- dexed. COURTENAY H. FENN. NEW BOOKS ~ They listen -Little Kin Chan. IlIus. Berthae Harris eagerly when . Converse. 102 pp. $1.25. Friendship leaders apply I Press. New York. 1929. methods from F. B. Meyer-Preacher, Teacher, Man of I God. A. Chester Mann. 221 pp. $2. New York. 1929. THE LEADERS HANDBOOK SERIES Neighbour India. Agnes Rush Burr. 200 i pp. $2. Revell. New York. 1929. The Missionary Education of Beginners, I ! A Padre in Paraguay. C. E. Newbould. 192 pp. Macmillan. New York. 1929. by Jessie Eleanor Moore. , The Present Crisis in Religion. W. E. The Missionary Education of Primary i Orchard. 280 pp. $2:50. Harpers. : New York. 1929. Children, by Wilhelmina Stooker.

Steeple Jim. W. Wyeth Willard. 301 The Missionary Education of Juniors, pp. $2.75. Princeton Pub. House. by Gertrude Hutton. Princeton. 1929. The Missionary Education of Interme- What Do We Mean By God1 C. H. Val- diates, by Mabel Gardner Kerschner. entine. 248 pp. $2. Macmillan. New York. 1929. Each volume offers an unusual oppor.

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LII, No. 11 November

THE MISSIONARY NIEW7te HUME OF AHMEDNAGAR BY REV. ALDEN H. CLARK, D.D., Ahmednagar, India, Principa.Z oj the Union Theological Colleuc~ Ahmcdn(Juar T OWARD the end of June the of the Kingdom of God and man, leading citizens of Ahmed- at home in the world." nagar, of every class and The record of his childhood takes creed, gathered to pay honor to us back to the pioneer years of misthe memory of Robert Allen Hume, sionary privation and heroic sacrinews of whose death in Boston, on fice. His father was of staunch June 24th had been cabled to India. Scottish ancestry and a man of The chief British official of the dis- scholarship and ability. His mother trict presided and addresses of ap- was aNew England Puritan of preciation were made by the culture and deep devotion. They leading Mohammedan, Parsi and volunteered for foreign missionary Hindu of the city. Dr. Hume had service in 1839 and sailed for Bombeen retired from Ahmednagar for bay in a two-masted brig, going some years but at this commemo- around the Cape of Good Hope and rative service his fellow citizens taking five months for the journey. gave striking expression to their The quality of Mrs. Hume's mis- appreciation of his life and service sionary spirit was indicated by the among them. fact that on the journey she was Dr. Hume was fond of calling the means of converting the Afhimself, "A Scotch-American-Indi- rican cook and she brought great an." He explained: "My forbears pleasure to the Sultan of Zanzibar were Scottish. I am an American by demonstrating the use of a piano citizen. I am a son of the Orient, that had just come to him as a gift born in India. Really I am a citizen from Queen Victoria.

of the Kingdom of God and of man, After fifteen years of fruitful at home in the world." Consulted and many-sided missionary service, and trusted by a succession of Mr. Hume was attacked by tropical Governors, the friend of eminent dysentery and was ordered by his Indian statesman and social re- physician to try a change to the formers, a leader among mission- cooler climate of South Africa, so aries, a devoted servant of the Mrs. Hume, with their seven small Indian church and well-known and children, of whom Robert was the influential in wide circles in Amer- eldest, embarked on a small sailing ica, Dr. Hume was indeed "a citizen vessel, Mr. Hume being carried on 821

a stretcher. The voyage was genious methods and exerting a stormy, the cabin small and stuffy. strong influence over his fellows, All were sick. Robert had a severe while at the same time, he showed convulsion. The father grew worse unusual ability in his academic and finally died. Amidst the weep- work. Mrs. Hume had moved the ing of the children the body of their home to New Haven to facilitate father was committed to the Indian the higher education of the chil- Ocean. Something of the quality dren. After graduating with dis- of the faith that Dr. Hume was to tinction from Yale, Robert Hume show through his life was then re- spent some time in teaching. His vealed when the little boy, feeling mother had, from his childhood, his responsibility as the oldest, said dedicated him to missionary serv- to his mother "All right, mother. ice and he, after a time when he God and I will take care of you." was allured by the prospects in the Weeks afterward, the widow and realm of law and politics, had her seven little children landed in wholeheartedly decided to go out to Boston and a prosperous uncle of- the work in which his father had fered to adopt Robert as his heir, laid down his life. His younger but Mrs. Hume decided to keep the brother, Edward, had made a simi- family together and they settled lar decision, but they had deter- down to a life of poverty and mined not to leave America without struggle in Springfield, Massa- making provision for the beloved chusetts. Often did Dr. Hume in mother to whom they owed so later years express his gratitude much. By 1874 they had saved to his mother because, instead of enough from their salaries as allowing him to be brought up in teachers to buy their mother a ease, she trained him in industry, home in New Haven. Robert mar- economy, mutual helpfulness and ried a daughter of the Marathi Mis- profound Godliness. One of the sion, and set sail for India, thus ways in which Robert helped was beginning what was to be over half by delivering copies of the Spring- a century of service so rich, so field Republican to subscribers. varied, so dominated by the spirit This meant getting up between of Christ as to place him high in four and five o'clock in the morn- the list of the great Christians of ing. In the winter his coat would his day.

sometimes freeze stiff upon his :Beginning Work in India body; and when there was a storm it would stand alone upright Immediately on landing in Bom- on the kitchen floor, on his return bay they were sent to Ahmed- home. Robert would not only be nagar, a city of some significance the first boy to report for duty, he in the history of India. It is the would have the cheeriest word for administrative headquarters for a all and the heartiest laugh at any district of three quarters of a mil- joke and because of his fitness he lion people and a military center of was soon made the foreman of all importance. This means that many the paper boys. civil officials and military officers As he went on into higher educa- live here and that the city has a tion he showed the same qualities considerable group of Indians of of enterprise and responsibility, education and of prominence in earning his way by various in- politics and business. However it

HUME OF AHMEDNAGAR

was not this fact that gave Ahmed- treated him as a member of their nagar its importance as a mission- family, giving him the sympathy ary center. It was rather that in and support that were of vital imthe city and surrounding villages portance to him in that crisis. Mr. Christianity had early met with a Tilak became a teacher in the greater response than it had found Theological Seminary and turned elsewhere in western India. A to Dr. Hume for advice and help in group of noteworthy missionaries every important situation. Much and Indian Christians had given of the remarkable effectiveness of leadership of high quality to the this great Christian poet was no Christian movement. Ahmednagar doubt due to the wisdom and symalready gave promise of being the center of training for Christian ROBERT ALLEN HUME service that it soon became. On reaching Ahmednagar Dr. Hume pathy of his equally great Christhrew himself into the life of the tian friend. What was true of Tilak church, began evangelistic work was also true of many other Inand cooperated in the organization dians, whether students of Dr. of a greatly needed theological Hume's or not. To all he extended seminary. One element in the a sympathy and an unstinted helpsignificance of Dr. Hume's mis- fulness. He was preeminently a sionary service is its continuity. friend, advisor and inspirer of any- For over fifty years Ahmednagar one who he could aid and counted was his base. He became "Hume no expenditure of time or effort of Ahmednagar" to the Christian for the sake of an Indian brother world. as too great.

During all his years of mission- Soon after arriving in Ahmedary service Dr. Hume gave much nagar Dr. Hume was asked to take time to the training of Chris- charge of Christian work in the tian leaders. He looked upon that work, as, on the whole, the most rewarding of his career. Over two hundred Indian ministers and evangelists were trained in the seminary under his inspIrmg leadership. Many of them went out to serve in positions of great responsibility in almost every church in Western India. Dr. Hume followed the careers of these men with affection and they, in turn, continued to look up to him for sympathy and advice. Among the most notable students of the Seminary was the late Narayan Waman Tilak, the famous Marathi Christian poet. He came to Dr. Hume immediately after his baptism. His own family for a time disowned him and Dr. and Mrs. Hume

Parner District, an area contain- church life of Ahmednagar. Sev- ing some seventy-five villages. eral times, when it was pastorless Christian development in this area he acted as pastor of the large had barely begun. There was one First Church. His greatest visible pastorless church, with eleven monument is the beautiful church members. Dr. Hume threw himself edifice, seating 1,300 people, which into this work with all his remark- was built under the stimulus of his able energy and ability to find fresh leadership. The congregation had ways of approach to the hearts and far outgrown the old building. The lives of the people. Schools sprang crowding, added to the inadequacy up. Friendships with all classes of the structure, made difficult the were established. People began to development of the spirit of wor- come out as Christians in con- ship. To the task of furnishing a siderable numbers. In his forty more fitting center of Christian years of connection with this dis- worship for the city Dr. Hume ad- trict Dr. Hume saw about a thou- dressed himself. The great new sand men and women brought into building is in the very heart of the church fellowship; he gave pri- city. Its special feature is a beauti- mary education to some thousands ful dome, symbol of the unity of of villagers, the best of whom were God. The whole is designed to give sent on into high schools and nor- to the Indian church a place of mal schools and are now found in Christian worship which is in har- positions of usefulness in many mony with the best things of her parts of India. He left behind him own past. As this prophetic build- a corps of Christian workers, a ing was being built Dr. Hume went group of churches and eighteen daily to look over the work with substantial buildings for Christian painstaking care. Standing amid work. A distinctive feature of this the piles of material he would pray district work was the way in which that this great undertaking might Dr. Hutne linked up individual be blessed of God to the develop- workers and churches in India with ment of a spirit of true Christian individual Christians and church worship and service. It is a most groups In America, thus making it appropriate decision of the Indian a very effective means for spread- church, made since the news of Dr.

ing inter-racial understanding and Hume's death was received, that sympathy. this beautiful building should be For many years Dr. Hume co- named the Robert Hume Memorial operated with the churches of Church.

Ahmednagar in Christian work. A Friend to All Village Christians drifted into the city in large numbers and he and Dr. Hume did not confine his in- his devoted wife concerned them- terestin Ahmednagar to the Chris- selves in many kinds of effort for tian community. He was the friend them as well as for those of the of all. . He served for some years older Ahmednagar community. on the Municipal Council. His pub- One of his last projects for the lic spirit received unprecedented good of the community was a hous- recognition when he was elected by ing scheme which he carried his fellow citizens as one of their through successfully. Dr. Hume representatives to the Indian Na- took especial interest in the actual tional Congress. In the meetings

HUME OF AHMEDNAGAR

'['lIE ROBERT A. HUME MEMORIAL CHURCH A'l' AIIMEDNAGAlt of the Congress he came into touch relief work for people without diswith able leaders from all parts of tinction of caste or creed, under India, many of whom became his the general direction of three difwarm personal friends. He would ferent committees. The total make a point of delivering a lecture amount of aid thus distributed was in the city where the Congress met almost two million dollars and the and he would print and distribute work was done so efficiently and to all Congress members and their wisely as to call forth a chorus of friends a prayer appropriate to the approval. This famine work left occasion. Those who had opportu- Marathi Mission a legacy of about nity to observe it wondered at the 3,000 famine orphans to be cared influence of Dr. Hume over Indian for and trained for useful citizenleaders from every part of that ship. To accomplish this Dr. Hume, great land. on his own responsibility, called to India two American experts, an A community service of Dr. agriculturalist and an industrial Hume's which attracted wide- engineer. Both of these men came spread interest was his remarkable to be recognized by the Governwork during the famines which ment as leading experts in their swept over wide areas in India own lines. It was especially in from 1897 to 1900. He was the recognition of his services in famprincipal administrator of famine

ine days that Queen Victoria later life was that for actual church conferred upon Dr. Hume the union. It was largely due to his Kaiser-i-Hind gold medal for public untiring effort that the United service in India. Church of Northern India, bring- Dr. Hume's creative mind was ing together about 200,000 Chris- bound to express itself not only in tians from a wide area and from such activities as we have here de- many varying backgrounds, was scribed but also in writing. For formed. It was natural that he a considerable period he was the should be chosen the first Modera- English editor of our Christian tor of the General Assembly of weekly, the Dnyanodaya. He wrote this United Church. Even after many leaflets which were so clear, his retirement and in spite of so simple, and so full of Christian physical handicaps he took the spirit that they were the means of journey from America to Lau- spreading the most vital Christian sanne as the representative of the truths among the educated classes United Church of Northern India of India. Dr. Hume was in the to the World Conference on Faith habit of sending these leaflets to and Order.

a long mailing list of Indian and This brief recital gives no ade- American leaders, often address- quate impression of Dr. Hume's ing them with his own hand. Dur- vital personality. There was some- ing his furloughs in America he thing in him that drew the affec- was asked to deliver courses of tion of those who came in contact lectures. These he prepared with with him. British officials, Indian great care, and published in two political leaders, churchmen in books that have had wide influence America, and humble Christian uIlder the titles "Missions from the converts in his district, all looked Modern View" and "An Inter- to Dr. Hume with deep affection.

pretation of India's Religious Why? Because he gave himself to History." them with equal warmth of friend- One more aspect of Dr. Hume's ship. "Comeraderie" was a word many-sided service deserves espe- he often used and to which his own cial notice-his part in the inter- attitude gave rich meaning. One denominational movements. He time he said to me, "So far as I threw himself with enthusiasm in- know myself I have nothing in my to everything that tended to bring heart but good will for everyone."

Christians together. He saw in I believe that this statement was the Christian Endeavor movement true. It was all the more note- when it first came to India some- worthy because Dr. Hume had thing that could help to develop those who criticised and opposed Indian initiative and interdenomi- him. Such a dominating person- national effort and gave it warm ality as his was bound to excite support, becoming for a time its some strong antagonisms. Yet no president. He was a prominent matter how vehemently anyone figure in all the earlier coopera- might attack him, Dr. Hume al- tive efforts among missions and ways remained his friend. He was one of the first presidents of was too large-spirited to cherish the Bombay Christian Council. But grudges.

the effort that called forth the From a record of his accomplish- most enthusias~ic service of his ments one can gain an idea of his

HUME OF AHMEDNAGAR

great efficiency, but one cannot Governor of Bengal, he said to gain an idea of the delightful him "Your Excellency, the finest humor that gave poise and balance code of statesmanship ever written, to it all. At one time Dr. Hume was which I commend to you in your called to testify before the Mon- dealing with the people of India, is tague-Chelmsford Commission that found in the thirteenth chapter of was gathering evidence prelimi- St. Paul's first epistle to the Corin- nary to the preparation of their thians." Dr. Hume impressed the plan of Reform of the Government leading officials as so deeply re- of India. As he came into the room ligious a man that they listened he saw that their minds were jaded with respect to such testimony as by the bewildering array of con- this. His preaching and his literary flicting testimony that was being work had the same prophetic quali- presented to them and he had the ty. It came out of the immediacy happy inspiration to make a joke. and vitality of his own religious Immediately the atmosphere was experience and so helped the reader changed and the minds of the com- or hearer to enter into a similar mission were prepared for his own experience.

statement. Once Dr. Hume went Growing out of his faith was his directly from the boat by which he victorious attitude toward life.

had arrived in Boston for furlough Death had no fear for him. It was to a training conference for out- but a doorway into a fuller life.

going missionaries. He stood Difficulties and discouragements among these young missionaries, a he accepted calmly and sought to short figure, in homely garb, and, turn them to account in bringing as he looked around his eyes began in the Kingdom of God. He was to twinkle and he said, "Friends, always ready to make great sac- its great to be a foreign mission- rifices in his single-minded de- ary." Then he went on to show in votion to Christ, yet one always simple fashion why he thought it had the impression that he made great. The outgoing missionaries light of sacrifices. They were will doubtless forget much of the merely an accepted part of a rich wise counsel they were receiving and happy life of service. Like in that conference. They will never Paul he counted them but refuse, forget the contagious enthusiasm since to him they were means of and the very human fellowship of closer fellowship with Christ. His Dr. Hume's talk. wife and his seven children en- A Source of Power tered to the full into his spirit. Five of his children have been mis- The deepest source of Dr. sionaries to India.

Hume's power lay in his sponta- Dr. Hume died in the Corey Hill neous and all pervading fellowship Hospital, Brookline, Mass., on with his Divine Father and his June 24, 1929 at the age of eighty- discipleship to Jesus Christ, the two. Following his strongly ex- Master of his life. Seldom did any- pressed wish his body was cre- one leave his study without having mated, and his ashes were taken in Dr. Hume offer a brief, simple, but an urn by his brother-in-law, Dr.

very real prayer. When Dr. Hume Edward Fairbank, to be deposited called on Lord Lytton, the then in Ahmednagar.

MEN AS WELL AS

BY FRED HAMILTON RINDGE, JR.'

" S FAR back as 1884 several classes, writing paper, athletic £'l. selected men were sent out goods and plenty of good cheer and by the Y. M. C. A. to serve uplifting influences were carried the Wisconsin lumberjacks. One far and wide. When this service of these hardy pioneers wrote the was at its height, the "Y" secre- following in his diary; taries traveled 50,000 miles in a Yesterday we walked eighteen miles single month visiting the camps, through the snow, and held a meeting and a total of 147,000 men particifor the boys in the evening. The roads were poor and our packs heavy. But the pated in the regular activities. All work is important and must be done. this resulted in better morale, hap- Two of our men joined the train bring- pier relationships and a larger outing the boys to town after pay day, put. Thus from small beginnings warned them about those who would rob them of money and character, and in- have come great accomplishments, vited them to make use of the "Y" room in the city. and the end is not yet!

In 1887 one worker had person- Y. M. C. A. service in the ally visited 156 camps in the Mid- lumber industry includes taking dle West and service had been or- the regular fivefold program of the ganized in Pennsylvania. These Association into the logging camps were small beginnings, with no and saw-mill towns. This program equipment except what the men carried on their backs. Since then, is adapted in different ways to local the "Y" work among lumberjacks conditions, and the work is always has made giant strides in Maine, supported by both employer and Mississippi, Louisiana, Arkansas, employee, thus making it really mutual and democratic. Many Washington, Oregon and other forms of worth-while service are States. Scores of fine buildings promoted and even character-buildhave been established in towns and ing meetings are heartily enjoyed camps and hundreds of other by the lumbermen.

points have been served through The Secretary must be a real "extension work" from organized man. In one instance where log- Associations, or through State and gers were suspicious of a new Sec- International Secretaries. retary, the boxing gloves were DUring the war, the "Y" served brought out after supper, and the in over 200 camps on the Pacific "Y" man gamely took his turn and Coast where "soldier-loggers" were landed many a good blow. Then he getting out the spruce for Ameri- produced his cornet, played a few ca's aeroplanes. Secretaries were tunes, and asked the men to request stationed at strategic centers, and their favorite pieces. After a from there set out by auto truck hearty sing, the Secretary an- or on horseback to reach even the nounced that it was Sunday night most isolated camps. Movies, mag- and as the "Y" had a program for azines, entertainments, educational every day in the week, there would '" This article was sent to the REV1EW be a religious meeting. The "boys" shortly before his deuth folluwillg an operation in Septcmber.-EDITOR. readily responded and he gave a 828 short, straight-from -the-shoulder for a week. But a real "Y" man talk. adroitly organizes a Celebration Committee, and helps plan tugs-of- One day there came a sudden war, a parade, horse races, boxing call for help from the woods. The matches, open-air "concerts," ob- Secretary grabbed his stretcher stacle races, pie-eating contests, and with the "speeder," hurried etc., with the result that not only out to where the men were work· do the loggers remain in camp during. A big burly fellow had ing the holiday period, but when broken his leg. The "Y" man the whistle blows next day, every quickly bound it up with splints, worker is in his place with clear and with the help of another logger head and steady nerves. A lumber got the man back to camp on the manager recently said: "If the Secstretcher and later to the hospital. retary did nothing but that, it The injured man had been one of LOGGING MEN ENJOYING THE Y. 111. C. A. AT CAMP HUGH, ALABAMA the toughest in the bunch and had would be worth all the work costs. given all kinds of annoyance by Since the "Y" started in my camp, his deviltry. Some weeks later, as the average term of service of our he left the hospital, the logger loggers has increased several grasped the Secretary's hand with months!" a new resolve and said, "Things are going to be different when I Living conditions have been imget back to camp. I am for you!" proved in many places because of And things tvere different! the "Y" program. In one isolated camp the Secretary initiated a Logging camps are generally movement to build a new school. compelled to close down while the The funds were subscribed and men celebrate the Fourth of July much of the labor performed by and other holidays. On such days the men voluntarily after working the lumberjacks frequently "blow hours. This building was also used in" all their savings at one full for a Sunday-school and church, swoop and do not get back to work and was a great influence for good

among families of the community. shipyards. The Secretaries are Another service provided by the close to the men as is illustrated by Association and greatly appreciated by the men, was a dust-proof this letter from one of them: locker room with clothes hangers, where their best clothes could be The longer I follow this work, the kept in good condition until more firmly I become convinced that the needed. A Western Secretary welfare of the industrial man, whether physical, mental, social, spiritual, or ecowrites: nomic, must be sought through the me- dium of his family. If the workman In the past four days we have visited possesses a happy home life and does isolated camps twenty-five miles from not have the worry of domestic affairs a railroad. During our entertainments constantly facing him, he becomes a more I have seen men almost hysterical with effective worker. No amount of oratory relief from pent-up emotions and have and fine sentiment of the pulpit will let them laugh until they have laughed bring shipyard workers into the pews. it all out. And they have cried once in No high salaried officials sitting in cena while, too, hut care and worry and tral offices waiting to be interviewed will loneliness have faded. be of any great aid in this field. It is direct personal contact, not only with In one camp I met a lumberjack the worker himself, but with his entire who had not been home in twenty family that counts! The average man years. What does a fully equipped is floundering about aimlessly. Our job Young Men's Christian Associa- is to give him hope, purpose and hign tion and' a real, red-blooded, ideals. friendly Secretary mean to a man like that? "That 'Y' man is the Secretaries have spent many 'haulback' for all of us," exclaimed one fellow. Often, in spite of the hours in counsel and consultation company's best efforts, the down- with employers of labor, social pulling forces in the logging camps workers, labor organization offiare many and strong, while restraining influences are relatively cials, and with individual indus- few. One lad who came of good trial workers in an endeavor to get family was cursed with a weak will and low ideals. The strong the "feel" of relations and the cable of evil influences had landed him on the steep slide that plunges mental attitude of all classes. so many into the inferno of lost manhood. Profane of speech, im- There are times of discouragement, pure in thought and act, a poker fiend–he was going strong. It but all testify that the work is detold on his work and he was continually changing jobs. The Sec- cidedly worth while. One "Y"

retary helped switch him on to the man says: right track. When he came to himself the boy said: "Since coming After nearly a year of service in Close here many a hand has been contact and fellowship with thousands stretched out to pull me down, but of men daily, in the mill, in their homes, you alone have helped me to my in society, in sorrow and distress, in sickfeet again." ness and death, I have felt the heart throb of these people. I know their In addition to work in lumber thoughts, their habits, their desires, towns and camps, the "Y" has been their ambitions, their hopes and fears, rendering splendid service in the and after weighing all conditions, I am convinced that the most appreciative bunch of men in the world is this group that work, swear, and smile in my lumber town.

When a logging camp has acci- dents and law suits, and reports show that the operation is costing more than necessary, it is often due to lack of efficiency in the or- ganization. To secure maximum results, the enticements found in many camps must be eliminated.

If a man is employed in a saw-mill

THE PRICELESS BEQUEST

town or logging camp in which or- towns of 25,000. The work has der, sanitation, helpful amusement, succeeded with foreigners, Mexisociability and intelligence are un- cans and colored workers as well known, his standard of service as with native Americans. It has cannot rise above a thoughtless, made good with men of all reliirresponsible and correspondingly gions and of no religion. It has inefficient plane. Many loggers commanded the respect of both move from place to place, from no employer and employee and is still other cause than sheer mvnotony. going strong.

Most camps afford meagre op- One secret of the success of the portunity for the right use of lei- Association has been its non-patersure time, and yet, there are few nalistic basis and its unselfish places where more time is avail- Christian purpose. It does not take able. Already many employers are long for the men to discover that it cognizant of this, and are provid- is their organization. They help ing ways to improve the leisure support it, they run its activities, they reap the benefits. Needless to life and happiness of those who say the work of the "Y" by increaswork for them. ing education and improving char- acter, makes for both happiness A new era is upon us in the and efficiency. This means making world of industry, and the lumber better men as well as better luminterests will not be found lagging bermen. But the best results of behind. During the past decade, all, and the only work that abides, the agency that has made one of is when the men are led to know the largest and most successful Jesus Christ as their Friend and contributions in this field has been Saviour and to follow Him as their the Y. M. C. A. Specially adapted Divine Master. buildings have been established in camps of 250 men as well as in THE PRICELESS BEQUEST T HE Rev. William S. Marquis, of infinitely more value than any houses, D.D., who went to his Heav- lands or bonds I hereby devise or be- _enly home in August, left a queath to them. characteristically Christian "Last Will and Testament" by which he "Furthermore, I desire to testify in bequeathed to his children, with this formal document, when a man his earthly goods, a testimony "to weighs his whole life in the balance, to the truth and preciousness of the my joy in the service of Jesus Christ, Gospel of Jesus Christ." as a preacher of the Gospel and pastor, and also as a promoter of his great The will began with bequests of world-wide missionary enterprises repmaterial things and continued: resented by the benevolence boards of the church. "I desire also to bequeath to my children and their families, my testimony to "I do not need to remind my children the truth and preciousness of the Gospel how heartily their beloved mother joined of Jesus Christ. This heritage of the in all this service. We gave our lives to Christian faith, re~ived in an unbroken it. We systematically set apart more line from exiled and persecuted Hugue- than the tithe of our income to it. This not and Scots Covenanter ancestors, is was the highest joy of our wedded life. The service of Christ and His church made us partners of Christ and world citizens."

AND MONGOLS IN

.~·-Z- U'~'-G-~- R,';':-'- – 'L~.,_. /n DES E RT tf-;~;;-·- – – – -'- :…..-.-._.__ _ AKUl'……•……….r. – . – Q~'''''' Ro"t&ta..en _ _ Other rQads _ _ '.( Ft •__ •___._._ .1""'1""'" –'1'0 wmel ~oad5 ••• _" __ PI",es where we c~mJled n Camp S IN KIAN G , ZUNGARIA r,,.,*,.,,, ,/ I G.W.HUNTER SINI'IIANG IN MONGOLIA BEYOND THE OUTPOSTS OF CHRISTIANITY A STORY FROM THE DIARY OF REV. GEORGE W. HUNTER T IHWA-FU, the extreme out- stream of eastward migration car- post of the China Inland Mis- ried Mohammedanism into India. sion, lies in Sin-Kiang, a land These Moslem inhabitants still which is not properly in China at speak a language closely akin to all, and which in its mixture of Turkish, and have, by their reliraces, languages, and religions gious observances, somewhat modirivals the European Balkans. Once fied the Lamaism which prevails this district furnished the left over most of Mongolia. Another wing of Ghenhi Khan's conquering Moslem tribe in the district are the army, but other races have now Quazaqs, a strange race who may crowded in so that the Mongois are be related to the Tartar strain no longer in the majority. . underlying the Cossacks of Russia.

Many of these people in Tihwa- More recent settlers on this fu, and across the neighboring southwestern border of Mongolia Mongolian boundary, are Turgots are the Chinese, who came in after (or Turkis) who drifted in as a the Manchu empire finally consort of backwater when the great quered the district, and Russians 832

IN MONGOLIA BEYOND THE OUTPOSTS OF CHRISTIANITY

who have an eye on the undevel- of his robe, he pulled out a welloped mineral resources of the thumbed Kalmuk Gospel. region. He had bought it four or five Through a missionary career of years before from another Monmore than thirty years, George W. gol, and he carried it with him Hunter, a missionary of the China wherever he went, even when he Island Mission, has watched and was several days' journey away studied these peoples of various from home. races. The Quazaqs and Turkis, in particular, have interested him, On another occasion a band of and he has devoted a great deal of Quazaqs told the missionaries that time to translating portions of the they had bought some books the Bible into their language as well year before, and that they wanted as to distributing the Scriptures more. Still later they met a Rusamong all the peoples of western sian traveling in the company of Mongolia-a land in which there is some Quazaqs. Mr. Hunter gave not a single missionary. some Gospels to the Russian, who praised the book so highly and ex- One year, by way of summer pressed such deep gratitude that vacation, Mr. Hunter with his the Quazaqs also asked for books. fellow work'€r Mr. Mather traveled two thousand miles on horseback The religious leaders seemed as distributing Bibles and tracts in free from bigotry and as willing the isolated regions of the Altai to accept Christian books as the and Kobdo districts. The journey common people. At least three lasted three months and carried times on his journey Mr. Hunter the travelers through hot desert met Buddhist lamas who gladly acdepressions almost as low as sea cepted Gospels. Both on the way level and up over mountain passes to Kobdo and on the return trip which are above the line of per- the party stopped with a mullah, petual snow. The most remark- a writer in the head chief's yamen. able features of the journey were This man had previously helped the universal courtesy which Mr. Mr. Hunter with his translations Hunter and his companions met of the Gospels into Quazaq. On from members of all races and this occasion, as Mr. Hunter says classes and the willingness with in his diary, "He invited us into which representatives of all reli- his big, luxurious tent and regaled gions accepted the Christian Scrip- us with milk and mutton." tures. Government officials as well as On the very first day out Mr. religious leaders showed the party Hunter, with the aid of a little every courtesy. In the Altai dis- Mohammedan girl, sold three Gos- trict the military governor called pels in Chinese and one in Arabic. at the missionary encampment and A few days later in the Altai dis- both he and the Kobdo governor trict he met a Mongol from one of gave the party special passports. the Kalmuk tribes. Some idea of the remoteness of "Won't you buy a Gospel?" Mr. the area may be gained from this Hunter asked. entrance in Mr. Hunter's diary. "We visited the Russian consul (at "I have one," the Mongol replied, Kobdo) and he kindly gave us some and putting his hand into the folds Peking newspapers only a month old-the first we had seen for six 2

months. Themail from Peking to change, but the missionaries had no Kobdo goes by fast couriers and difficulty in making purchases by takes only one month." means of needles, thread, eye medi- cine, and matches as well as the Such a long journey in so remote Gospels which the people were ala district was naturally not with- ways willing to accept. out dangers. After leaving Tala Lake the party took the wrong Yet even in this remote teritory, road and got into the gorges of the where there are no railroads, where Bujantu River. Mr. Hunter's caravans of mountain camels bear diary for July 24th says, "Made a their loads of hides and wool and long detour today trying to avoid salt over the high passes, where the gorge, followed a path which herds of yaks graze on the table led us up a steep mountain. This lands, and where eagles are still path proved to be an old cattle trained for hunting purposestrack to some tents which had been even here the war has had a promoved away. We could not very found influence. In Kobdo Mr. well retrace our steps, so we Hunter met a number of Russian pressed on. The task got more dif- refugees, several of whom exficult as we ascended, and night- pressed great interest in his work. fall found us in a place where I At Altai, on the return trip, while fear the foot of man has seldom attending the christening of the trod. Huge boulders of rock Russian consul's son, he chanced to perched on ice and snow. There see a refugee woman trying to sell was no grass nor fuel, and our her sewing machine and household servant was much afraid. No won- goods. Later, on the road he met a der, for it was a really dangerous Russian general with a large party place. We divided a small piece of of military refugees on their way bread between us but did not eat to Kobdo. it, each thinking he had better save it until morning; so we went to During the entire journey Mr. rest hungry and tired." Hunter and his party disposed of six hundred portions of the Bible The next morning they found a -in nine distinct languages-as way over the east shoulder of the well as religious tracts in Chinese, mountain and later were fortunate Mongolian, Tibetan and Sarto enough to meet some Quazaqs who gave them mutton. The next day The willingness of these strange they came to a river valley in which they could gather quantities of nomadic tribes to hear the Chriswild rhubarb, onions, and mush- tian message, as well as the evirooms, and these added greatly to dences that even western Mongolia the diet of milk and mutton which will soon be in the path of Eurothey could get by trading with the pean civilization emphasize the im- portance of putting this country native peoples. Bartar, of course, on the Christian map of the world is common in this region, frac- by giving them resident mission tional currency being entirely un- workers and an opportunity to reknown. Compressed bricks of tea ceive the best elements of western are the most usual medium of ex- civilization before the worst ele- ments are thrust upon them.

REIGN OF TERROR IN RUSSIA*

BY PAUL HUTCHINSON, Chicago, Illinois I HAVE just come out of Rus~ But I have come out of Russia sia after two crowded weeks with the conviction that, before there. Entering by way of everything else, I must set forth Riga our party, under the leader- the facts as to the religious perse- ship of Sherwood Eddy, spent two cution which is now under way days in Leningrad, eight in Mos- and which is gaining in power. I cow, then sailed for three and a do this with a full sense of the re- half days about a thousand kilo~ sponsibility involved. . . . The meters down the Volga to Saratov. situation created by the religious Returning from Saratov-which is persecution now going on in Rus- within a day's steamship ride of sia is so serious that I dare not the Caspian-to Moscow, we came withhold this report a minute.

directly westward, crossing the As with almost every other so- Polish frontier and reaching War~ cial factor, there has been endless saw last evening. debate over the status of religion I have been tremendously im- in Soviet Russia. In the constitupressed by much that I have seen tion as originally adopted, freedom of religious belief and practice in Russia. There is power, drive was granted. The constitution has in the air-particularly in the now been amended, however, with Moscow air. People are not won~ the vague matter of "denominadering whether the golden days tional practices" substituted for are past, as they are in so much the former blanket religious guarof western Europe; for Moscow, antee. It is possible, of course, to at least, the best is yet to be. The construe such a term as amountgovernment creates this feeling of ing to a grant of religious libertypower. It seems to grip its task just as it has proved possible to with a directness, a completeness construe it in a diametricallydifof control beyond that of any other ferent fashion-but as a matter state we visited. There is a sense of fact, there is now under way as of achievement – in industry, in determined an effort to stamp out social reorganization, in producing vital religion as any government new cultural forms and norms, in has ever undertaken. The modern providing opportunity for mutual participation in the building of world has known nothing like it. what may become one of history's Not even in Mexico, where State great nations-that constantly as- and Church came into such direct serts itself, even in the face of the conflict, did the Government dream of attempting the work of reliobviously needy present. gious extermination which the *rrhls franl{ communieation from Paul Hut- Soviet Government is actively chinson diseusses the attitude of the Russian prosecuting. Government toward the Christian chUrches and all recognized religion. The author, an Ameri~ There is a certain sort of relican Christian with the viewpoint of America, gion against which the governhas spent two weeks in an attempt to learn ment seems to harbor no active what is beneath the religious persecution in animosity, probably because of a Russia, and has come out of that land determined to speak without fear. The commu- nication appeared in The Ohristian Oentury of September 18. 1929.

835

belief that it holds the seeds of cessful in the making of young death within itself. So long as the atheists than of young Commu- Orthodox churches are content to nists. Russia is actually rearing stay in the old ruts, and their an entire generation that affirms priests are content to confine their its belief that there is no God.

operations rigidly to the celebra- This is serious. But when you re- tion of an ancient liturgy largely flect that it is really the god of the couched in a dead language, the old church – the anthropomorphic State does not worry much about being who gave power to the tsar them. Even in such cases the life and held the common man under a of the priest, who is deprived of hideous spell of superstition-who all civic rights, is a hard one. But is thus being bowed out of Russian if he is willing to live in privation life, the present loss may be reand accept the derided status of a garded as a necessity for any fusocial parasite, the old-line priest ture religious gain. can go on. It is not of these things, so fre- The old style of Greek church quently reported before, that I am is acting, in the main, only as the now speaking. When I say that chaplain of the older, conservative, there is terrible religious persecu- and often densely ignor.ant por- tion now under way in Russia, I tions of the population-the people refer to the heavy penalties now who will die out within the next being inflicted on those who are twenty years, leaving no heirs, if attempting to minister to such en- Soviet expectations are realized. lightened Russians as still ac- But when a movement for a vital- knowledge a hunger in their souls ized, a modernized form of reli- and seek its satisfaction in reli- gion appears, that is something gion. Enlightened religion, vital else. Then you see the effort to religion, religion that is in thor- provide a modern education for the ough accord with many of the ex- priesthood brought to futility by pressed social aims of the Soviets, the Government's disruption of religion that can walk sure- teaching faculties; you see the so- footedly in the modern world- called Living Church movement religion of this sort is being perse- channeled off into various types of cuted systematically and savagely innocuousness. -as hundreds of bishops and Making a Godless Nation priests of the Orthodox church, of ministers of various Protestant This is not what I call religious bodies, and even of worshipers, persecution. Neither do I mean can testify.

the systematic anti-religious train- To mention names or places or ing to which all Russian children dates or occurrences connected are being subjected. Russia has with this persecution would be to now gone clear beyond the point precipitate drastic punishment on where teaching in the schools is persons in Russia; in several in- nonreligious. It is now made, by stances I have been warned that government order, aggressively any specific reference would be atheistic. Capable observers say tantamount to signing the death that investigation, whether in city warrant of those immediately con- or village, will show that 'the Gov- cerned. The world has already ernment has been much more suc- been told that the right of churches

RELIGIOUS REIGN OF TERROR IN RUSSIA

to carryon social work has been Iigion? Is not the Soviet Govern- abolished; that young people's so- ment strong? It certainly appears cieties under church auspices have to be stronger by far than any gov- been put under the ban; that the ernment in central Europe. Then teaching of religion to organized what can there be in the religion of classes, even in the churches, has these minority Protestant groups, been forbidden; that the work of or in that of the handful of genu- the traveling evangelist has been ine religious pioneers within the stopped; that the circulation of Orthodox church, that so arouses religious papers has been greatly its fears? To that question there reduced or their publication ended must be given a three-point an- entirely; that 300 Baptist preach- swer.

ers have been sent to jail; that 500 In the first place, the Soviet churches were closed last year. Government has been astonished, These things are true. But they and badly frightened, by the suc- are only a fraction of the truth. cess of the reform religious move- Eradicating Religion ments in Russia. This has been particularly true of the Protes- I am using words with care tants. Numerically, Protestants when I say that a reign of terror are still lost in the Russian mass.

has been instituted to eradicate But the rate of growth in recent the last vestige of vital religion years has been phenomenal. In from Russian life. For the sake ihe past two years this growth of the lives and safety of men and had begun to reach figures in the women in Russia, I must not give millions. If this rate had been names or specific instances. But maintained for another five years, I have personal, first-hand knowl- the Protestant constituency would edge that the Soviet Government have been numbered in the tens of is today closing churches whole- millions. A government committed sale; sending hundreds, and prob- to the establishment of an atheistic ably thousands, of persons to jail nation could not regard such an for the sole crime of religious ac- outlook cheerfully.

tivity; reverting to the old G. P. In the second place, the Govern- U. (secret police) terror, under ment has been aroused by the suc- which persons are arrested, tried cess of the Protestant churches in and sentenced without public trial, organizing the young people. It the employment of counsel, and was asserted by Bukharin at the frequently without letting even last convention of the communist the families of the accused know party that the· membership of where they are confined or with Protestant young people's societies what they are charged. A new had passed that of the Comsomols stream of exiles is starting for -the 'teen age organization of Siberia and Central Asia-exiles communists-and that the rate of who have never had a day in open growth was much more rapid.

court, and whose only offense has There was probably some exagbeen that of preaching or practic- geration in this, in an effort to se- ing a religion that showed signs of cure party action forcing govern- being able to maintain itself in the mental suppression of the societies, such as followed. But it is unface of the Soviet attack. Why this terrific attack on re- doubtedly true that the young peo-

pIe's societies of the churches were internationalism in this sense the growing at such a rate as to excite Soviets accept, even cheer, because the apprehension of the commu- of their economic necessity. Reli- nists, who place their hopes for a gious internationalism they regard communized Russia so entirely in as a threat.

the coming generations. For these reasons certainly, and In the third place, the reform- perhaps for others, the Soviet Government is today systematiing groups-particularly the Prot- cally subjecting the most vital eleestants – came under suspicion ments in Russian religion to because of their international con- relentless persecution. It is using nections. The Russian Govern- ment considers every other gov- the secret processes of the secret ernment in the world at war, con- police to do this-so secretly that structively, with it. It is not only multitudes in Russia have no idea afraid of future war; it conducts of what is going on. Whether this itself as if war is now going on. persecution has reached its full To have international connections strength it is impossible to judge. is, therefore, in a sense to be trad- But Protestants and the reforming ing with the enemy. From this priests are accepting their jail point of view, Russian Baptists terms, their banishments, their probably never had a worse dis- punishments of whatever kind service rendered them than when with complete courage and with the Baptist World Alliance last incredible calmness. year elected one of their number as its vice-president the reb y There is probably nothing that drawing attention to their con- the Christians of America can do to help their imperiled Russian nection with the "capitalist" world. In Moscow's anti-religious brethren at this juncture. If the museum, where the Government Federal Council of Churches sent the proper sort of letter to the seeks by all sorts of posters and Russian authorities, it might help exhibits to drive home the idea of the enmity of religion to the to make clear to them the effect welfare of the people, space in which such a policy, if persisted the corner devoted to attacking in, is bound to have on American the Baptists is given to a picture opinion. Or it might not have any of Henry Ford. Why? Because effect whatever. The Soviet Gov- Ford is said to be a Baptist! (The ernment is under the mental strain of a state of war with other na- Government is mistaken in this.) tions. Once this strain is eased, But the argument runs-Ford is the Government will feel less neca Baptist; Ford is a foreign capitalistic magnate; to be a Baptist, essary the stern repression of certherefore, is to be allied with for- tain elements. Out of that might eign capitalism. Q. E. D. The quickly come a lessening of the irony of this is clear when one drive against religion. Meanwhile reads the enthusiastic comments gentle women and noble men are of the Moscow press on Mr. Ford's being sent by the hundreds, percontract with the government to haps by the thousands, to the lone- build a factory at Nizni Novogorod liness of exile because they have for the production of up to 100,000 dared to preach or profess the Ford cars and trucks a year. But Christian religion.

A RUSSIAN VIEW OF EVANGELISM

RUSSIA I T IS of interest to see the evan- of social work. Their Gospel gelistic movement in Russia meetings are open to all who wish from the view-point of its ene- to come. This propaganda work mies, the atheistic rulers of that is done in the churches, in public country. The M 0 s cow paper places, among the workers in the Trude, says: "During the years of open air, or at the the doors of the Revolution the Church (i. e., their meeting rooms.

the Orthodox State Church) lost "A great part of their work- many of its adherents. The Sec- we should say their chief work-is tarians (Protestants), however, done among the young people. It have increased tremendously in is here that they use all their number…. There are about six strength, and they speak of 'the millions of them now in this coun- future generation' in every ser- try, not counting the nine millions mono This activity is often suc- of 'old believers.' [Those who, in cessful. It is a fact known to us the 17th century, refused to submit all that one of our 'Komsomolka'

to the secular reforms in the Or- (young Communist female leader) thodox church, introduced by the from the factory 'Presse' has gone patriarch, Nikon.] They take their over to the Evangelicals.

religion seriously, do not smoke, "The sectarians find it easy to and are distinguished by a strict gain new members from among morality. Before the revolution the unemployed, the seasonal work- the 'sectarians' did not number ers, coachmen, gardeners, etc.

more than one million. Their preachers even penetrate the "Former monarchists, social rev- workmen's barracks and converse olutionaries, police officers, and with them during their work. At members of the erstwhile nobility, the Red Gate (where our Labor are the leaders of these sectarians. Exchange is) a group of sectarians They know how to adapt them- are at work, and these members selves quickly to the spirit of the have adapted themselves especially times. They have the methods and to the type of work they are doing forms of the committee system and there.

party organization, and carryon "There is a large group of sec- active propaganda. tarians in a number of factories, "In a number of provinces (as chiefly of the textile industries, Smolensk, Bryansk, Twer, and oth- with their great number of work- ers) , they hold conventions where men from the country villages. In they discuss such problems as or- the weaving mills at W- I myself ganizing schools, hygiene, improve- know such a group of sixty per- ment of agriculture, and many sons (and credible accounts make others that are really the concern the number even larger), consist- of the Soviet authorities. ing mostly of women. The sec- "Every member of their commit- tarian preachers simply enter the tee is over-burdened with all sorts houses, and around the samovar 839

hold long conversations about tribute themselves in every nook Christ, the New Testament, and and corner of the hall. Thence the future life in Paradise. They they bombard the speaker with take no entrance fees to their Gos- questions, both verbal and writ- pel meetings, and everyone is wel- ten."

come. Even in such factories as The editor of the German Gospel 'Sickle and Hammer,' there is al- Weekly from which this account is ways a group of sectarians and taken, makes his own comments: their number increases every- "Evangelical Christians in the where. Russia of our day number at least "Their activities have extended six millions, and according to some much during the last few years. enemies, 10 millions. God has done They even dare to enter the lists a great work, and that is all the against the anti-religious cam- more remarkable because there paigns. If anywhere lectures are have been no mass conversions, as given against religion, they, too, has sometimes been the case under appear with their counter-propa- a more tolerant government. In ganda. Not content with that, they this case, confessions bring only undertake even to arrange for persecution and disadvantages.

some sort of discussions in the fac- "In the eyes .of their persecutories, chiefly· making use of the tors, Christians now are in Russia mid-day recess. (as they have been at all times and "In this manner our orators, everywhere) abominable crea- during the anti-religious compaign tures, full of malice and craftiness.

in Moscow last Christmas, were re- The 'virtuous' ( ?) communists peatedly faced with the opposition seem to have a hard time of it with of these sectarians. At the anti- these sectarians. With all their religion meetings of the mechanics might they carryon this campaign and housewives. where 1,300 per- against 'religion,' calling it 'the sons were present, a young secta- people's opiate.' But vain is all rian, after the lecture of Comrade their effort-the wicked (?) sec- L– carne forward and attempted tarian neutralizes all their well- to prove that 'even if some reli- meant attempts. Then Evangeli- gions are harmful, this could not cals are mightier than the Commu- be said of all of them.' Similar nists, because they fight with the scenes were enacted in a second Sword of the Spirit-the Word of meeting of the same district in the God.

P- works, where three sectarians "There are many signs that difmade counter-speeches, and also in ficulties and distress are multiplyother parts of the capital. In the ing on every hand in Russia. The general assembly of the workers in Government, through erroneous 'Sickle and Hammer,' they even measures, has become the enemy handed a resolution to the chair- itself of large sections of the peoman and demanded that it be pub- ple, and in consequence senses enelished officially. mies everywhere. The result. is a "All such demonstrations are severe conflict that brings unspeak- carefully organized and prepared able sufferings to the people. Be- before hand; the sectarians corne ing atheistic in principle, the rulers to the meetings in groups, and dis- of Russia see opposition and op-

A RUSSIAN VIEW OF EVANGELISM IN RUSSIA

ponents in every church and Chris- cerned. The spirits one has intian community, and fight them with every means at their disposal. voked refuse to be dismissed. This is by no means confined to the Evangelical movement, but the They threaten to devour the sor- Greek Orthodox Church no less so, and the latter has thus again be- cerers that have called theIII"out of come a 'martyr church.' It is easy to understand that the common the bottomless pit. Only the Gospeople (who for the greatest part belong to that church), have be- pel (the despised, hated Gospel) come embittered through these persecutions. can help.

"Knowing the philosophy of the "Even the young generation leading elements in Russia one does not marvel that immorality (espe- feels the horrible burden of these cially among the young people) is becoming a serious concern, even conditions (at any rate the better to the government. Whole columns of the Soviet newspapers discuss element do). One girl student this question. They emphasize that this moral swamp completely writes: undermines the prestige of the ruling party-the communistic group. It is the custom among us, to look down with a sort of malicious contempt "But how shall they get out of on everything that makes for beauty or this morass? That remains the order, either in clothing or housing. In 'doctor-problem' for the men in our campus one sees nothing but dust, power to solve. dirt, disorder-beds and rooms never tidy. The reason is NOT that important "It was the 'unrestricted liberty' work does not leave us time to remedy in contrast to the 'aristocracy no- this, but because it is supposed to be tions' that they have held out as a our duty to despise everything connected bait for the young people, to make with aesthetics. I do not understand them support their cause. All why this should be so, since our govsorts of facilities and privileges for ernment (a proletarian government at entry into schools and universities, that) being poor to the point of begging. as well as in appointments to the yet spends any amount of effort and various posts and offices in these money to make everything around us and other government institutions, look aesthetic and beautiful. But in our granted to members of communis- speech the most filthy language is most tic organizations, helped to swell approved, and if any girl (very few their ranks. But now these young dare to do it) protests, things only grow communists of the government will worse. They set out systematically to not hear of anything that the gov- inure the victims to ()Ur "mother tongue." ernment may want to do to put any check on these liberties obtained. This contempt for all that is beauti- ful, pure and healthy has for a result "However, anyone with his eyes that the same malice, coarseness and open can see that these things, if shamelessness predominates in an .intiallowed to go on unchecked, will mate intercourse. One is literally afraid lead to absolute dissolution, into a to manifest to one's bosom friend anymoral bog that will engulf all con- thing like tenderness, forethought, or consideration. There is no love among us. We only know the relations of the senses, for according to our philosollhy, love is contemptuously stigmatized as "psychology," whereas we should only be concerned with "physiology." Anyone who looks for anything else in the rela- tion of the sexes, is denounced as mentally inferior.

"The last clause of the words the poor girl quoted above, show like a flash of lightning the tap-root of all the bitterness Russia is reap- ing. This is the doctrine of this root of bitterness, i. e., that man has only a body, and neither soul nor spirit. It is the most horrible lie of Satan."

Another writer says: "It always ers, and it seems even that the is dangerous to see the actual situ- Tcheka is letting the religious ation in Russia in a too scheming groupings grow for a certain time way, fbrgetting that we are in to better seize their adepts. front of two hostile forces: those of the Bolshevist oppressions and "We recently had in our possesthose of the same elements of the sion a letter where was written Russian nation. These forces are something like this: 'The believers in constant fight, and the fact that are getting on with their task, but the Bolshevists today have the they perfectly know that arrest power does not prove that their and death are watching for them adversaries are entirely crushed. every day, and that they must be It would be, besides, disregarding ready to join their brothers who the real power of the religious are already suffering in the prison faith to think that it could be taken of Solovki or in Siberia.' out of the soul of a folk of 150 millions people by Soviet decrees and "Up to now the principal effort terrorist acts, so bloody. of the persecutors of the faith in Russia was directed against the "If the Soviet Government has Orthodox church. In tolerating not feared 'plunder and murder to the adepts of the different sects be used for weakening the religious they thought that they would organizations of Russia, the be- weaken the main religious organilievers have also proved an ex- zation. In 1928 the Soviet power traordinary tenacity and devotion, discovered its error and the fact and as they are a majority of the that religion, under any form, confolk, the Soviet power has been tains ideas that are incompatible obliged to admit that it was im- with Bolshevism. Actually the possible to deChristianize Russia Soviet press is constantly insistin a day. ing, with regard to all religious groupings, that tolerance of any "When the Tcheka murdered religious pUblications is unforgivpriests, new ones were taking their able, and is demanding their defiplace; the Soviet authorities shut nite suppression. Thus we have a the churches and cloisters, the be- copy of the Pravda, the official orlievers gathered wherever they gan of the Russian communist could, and the monks were recon- party, of Feb. 5, 1929, which constituting communities; at last tains a very violent article on that where it was getting impossible to subject. Its author finds the recelebrate the mass officially, and pressive measures insufficient. where the Orthodox communities were quite disorganized because of "It is. needless to sayan which the persecutions, Methodist or side must be the support of the other groupings arrived, and so re- Christian believers of Europe and ligion under a new form recon- America. quered the lost places. Yours sincerely, "The prisons are full of Believ- THE PRESIDENT, (Signed) Th. Aubert.

CAN WE LEARN FROM KOREA?

BY REV. H. KERR TAYLOR, Tsingkiangpu, Kiangsu, China Missiona.·y of the Presbyterian Ohurch, South SOMEONE has said that the Japa- nomenal work. I notice in some nese have a genius for governing, statistics that I picked up over there that the "board grant for current the Chinese a genius for being mer- work, per baptism," in 1927, was for chants, and the Koreans a grace for the being Christians. Canadian Presbyterians …… . $153.00 The Korean church everywhere is Southern Methodists, U. S…. . 138.00 interesting and the missionary to Australian Presbyterians …. . 119.00 China has much to learn in every Southern Presbyterians, U. S.. . 107.00 place. It is a wonderful thing to see, Northern Methodists, U. S…. . 106.00 Northern Presbyterians, U. S. as you pass on the train through villages and towns, the neat little only …………………. . 15.00 churches that stand out on the hillsides and give the landscape a touch For "board grant for current work, that belongs to long ago evangelized per communicant," the figures in the places. same order were: $13.27; $10.67; But perhaps the most interesting $12.82; $8.29; $7.12; and for the and helpful J)lace to visit is Pyengyang, Northern Presbyterians, whose work Northern Korea. Other near-by towns centers in the fine Pyengyang field, have fine work, but Pyengyang is their only $1.35. The work has gone forcenter. A college and theological semi- ward with a small Board grant. nary are there. foreign school, etc. It is a small oriental town, about 80,000 The question that concerns us is, people, and is the second city in the can that work be duplicated in China? little country. In that town there are What has caused the church to grow twenty self-supporting churches. I at- so in Korea as compared with parts tended seven or eight of these, met of the work in China, India, etc? their independent though cordial What has been done to put their work pastors, and thanked God for such a ahead and on so firm a basis? sight. Those churches were built practically entirely with native gifts, As someone has said, Korea is at and in two of the twenty churches I once the admiration and the despair saw the notice boards telling of over of all interested in mission work in 1,100 and 1,200 in attendance on the the world today. How can one account previous Sabbath. In one of the for the streets after streets of closed churches I saw over a thousand in at- business doors on the Sabbath in tendance at the main morning service; Korea, and the difficulty in China of they had had the same number at the bringing men to an appreciation of the Sunday School service a short time be- value of the day of rest? I want to fore. At night I slipped back just to jot down a few impressions gained from listening and observing and read- ing in Korea and here in China.

see that church filled again to the First of all, they magnify the Bible; doors, without foreigners, and with a they believe it, take pains to teach it, reverence that made you feel that here emphasize Bible classes, are reverent- after all was something genuinely ly jealous for it, and endeavor to live indigenous. strictly by it. This is certainly a fea- Pyengyang is the stronghold of the ture of the Korean work. Some of work of the American Presbyterian their Bible classes are quite remark- Mission, North, and I may as well sayable.

here that the Northern Presbyterian One thing that struck me especially work in Korea struck one as phe- in regard to the missionaries in Pyeng- nomena!. pven among generally phe- yang, as well as in other parts of 843

Korea; the missionaries believe the the Sunday service, the local elders or Bible through and through, and their leaders take charge. work is projected on a well understood loyalty to the whole Scriptures. There The missionaries learned from Dr. is no disposition to cavil over difficult John L. Nevius, this lesson of the inplaces and seek obvious solutions to dispensability of self-support to a real difficulties. They are impatient with church. They say frankly that the careless handling of the Word of God, mistakes of the China and India misand I believe God is blessing them ac- sion fields led them-in their more cordingly. Not even so-called minor recent mISSIOn venture-to avoid concessions to liberalism, are tolerated building over native groups of beby the Korean General Assembly. lievers a superstructure that was not theirs and that would not be carried Second, they require self-support; locally. They started right. they not only preach and urge it, but they feel that there is no church work Third, let me add another unquesworthy the name that does not pay its tionable feature of the work. It is way as it goes. that the Holy Spirit has signally blessed the Korean field. His doings They do not-that is, the missions are marvellous in our eyes. The home do not-employ seminary graduates churches have also inevitably reas preachers. They will support a boy sponded with adequate men and means or a man through school and seminary, to reap a rich harvest waiting to be but when .he gets his seminary reaped. The mission workers have diploma, he has the native church spent their time not so much in evanalone to look to for his support if he gelistic scattering of seed, as in teachis to get any for his preaching. ing and garnering and building the church, under God. They have been Another thing, each evangelistic almost unable to take care of the enormissionary is given Yen 70 per month mous demands on their time for such with which he may support two advanced work. The Spirit of God has helpers or secondary native preachers. certainly moved in that land. One can That amount would never support two give only outstanding characteristics seminary graduates. And they call these men "helpers." They actually of the Korean work. help the missionary. They are not They have in Korea a form of script helpers with another title. Yen 35 a month is about Mex. $20. And that writing, much like the script that has is all the money these missionaries been with such difficulty pushed in have for their country evangelistic China. But this is used everywhere in work, outside of itineration and Korea. It is called Unmoon. It has similar personal items. No "chapel made possible a Bible reading and rent," "purchase" items, etc. They Bible studying church. It is at once gradually add a third such helper or evident what an enormous lever this native preacher as the work develops, is. China simply must solve this neceshaving the churches to make up the sity for an easy script. amount needed. When a fourth man is wanted, they stretch the Yen 70 Another feature is, that there has over the four men, the churches com- been in Korea during these recent ing up with the amount to increase years a large amount of peace and the Yen 70 to twice that amount, etc. order and business, thanks to the Some places have six or more such governing ability of the Japanese workers, and the same original Yen rulers. While bandit and war ridden 70. The churches able to have pastors, China has become day by day more or groups able to have them, have impoverished, and property holdings simply graduated from this lower class have become more and more insecure into self sustaining units or groups. for many reasons; in Korea the If there is no preacher on hand for church has been able to save and build and keep what it has saved and built.

Are the Koreans better off than the

WHAT CAN WE LEARN FROM KOREA ~

Chinese? That is hard to say. They is sanguine, quick, versatile, idealistic, are all poor; all in debt. Thanks large- volatile, patriotic, daring,-a land ly to Japan, there are many improve- where mystical and imaginative Budments that China does not have. The dhism has thrived; and whereas China advance of the Korean work can not is phlegmatic, careful, patient, perbe explained on the basis that they are severing, rational, utilitarian,-a land better off than the Chinese. The where Confucian rationalistic philos- Koreans fear Chinese economic ex- ophy has for so long held sway; the ploitation as much or more than they Korean partakes of both and is overdo Japanese military usurpation of come of neither; he is rationally idealtheir rights and authority. The istic, more like the Anglo-Saxon; a Korean is no match for the Chinese economically, and what the "poor" or combination of rationality and emounpractical Korean has done, would tionalism. seem-other things being equalequally possible to the thrifty Chinese. The Korean is not stingy. He And this is significant, the better off doesn't bother about money to a great Koreans have built better churches, extent. He likes to give and gives the poor Koreans in their villages have liberally. To be stingy or niggardly, put up typically native buildings. is with him to be mean, worse than to· be a libertine or to lie or to steal. Another thing that struck me was Money with him was made to circuthe homogeneity of the field, and the late; he is lavish with his own or anhomogeneity of the work and workers. other's money, we were told by those It is largely a rural field; the Koreans who know! for the most part are tillers of the soil, a class that has always built This may help to explain the rapid strong, dependable churches. Korea has but one or two large cities. They and phenomenal nature of some of are not bothered much with modernism the church's growth, but it is not the and all its attendant impracticalities. There is very little directing of the secret of that success. After all it is work and thought of the church from not so much phenomenal success we the cities. They don't worry over are after as a real, self-sustaining, such things as who is going to control, or over "devolution," foreign funds, indigenous church. In Korea we have and the like. The churches pay their a demonstration of what a really inown bills and manage their own af- digenous mission projection should be. fairs. Most of the mission work, too, I have been thinking constantly of that has been done by one or two of the so different mission projection,-the major groups of the Protestant church in Moslem lands, the stunted church; this, too, has made for church growth in Moslem lands. The homogeneity. lesson of all lessons that I learned in Korea was that, whether large or There is one other thing I want to small, whether phenomenal or stunted, touch on that is paramount. There a church, not a preaching hall, not a seems to be something in those missionary's chapel, but a church- Koreans that makes them more tract- isn't a church if it doesn't pay its able, more teachable than the Chinese. own way and manifest that very I think this does help to explain to a practical necessity to any sort of orcertain degree the large growth of the ganism, LIFE. They must build their Korean church. As some one has own church. It may be slow, it may pointed out, Korea is not only geo- be inconvenient, it may not look well, graphically midway between China but it won't be a "foreign church" it and Japan-northern China and will not know what such a term means, Japan, but she is philosophically mid- for it is a church, a group worshiping way between them. Whereas Japan God and paying all its bills, and mani- festing that it has found something worthy of the investment of its money and life.

MODERNIZED AFRICAN WOMAN-

AN ASSET OR A LIABILITY?

BY MRS. JOHN M. SPRINGER ~fi88ionary of the Methodist Episcopal Church in Rhodesia T HE really pertinent question The life of the African woman seems to me to be, Is modern- has been largely one of hard work ization an asset or liability to and few pleasures. On one occa- the African woman? sion, when we were camping by a Even Solomon would, I think, stream off the main trail, a woman hesitate to give a definite answer appeared and begged us to let her to either of these questions but we go with us for three days in order must face the fact that Africa is be- that she might escape from the ing rapidly modernized and it is im- chief who was a cruel tyrant.

possible to stay the tide in which Pushing back her hair, she showed the African woman, as well as the where he had cut off both her ears African man, is caught in the back- and recently had threatened to cut wash. off her nose. She said that if she could go a three or four days march In the tribal life, the African with us, she could escape to friends woman has, for centuries, been scarcely more than a slave, a chat- where he would not follow her.

tel. It may be true that there are In most of the tribes, the African tribes in which the lobolo paid for woman has no rights over her own the wives insured protection to the children. She must cultivate the woman and a state of virtue. But fields and raise the food with which we have known personally several to feed them but her husband, her tribes where there certainly has parents or other relatives dispose existed the idea of ownership. of the children. A brother has a Among the Bafiote the writer was right to sell his sister to provide a told by one of the young men that wife for himself and many a father if a woman did not bear her hus- has done the same. A man is rich band a child inside of two years he according to the number of wives could take her back to her father he owns.

and demand a refund of what he One of the pioneer missionaries had paid for her. in Rhodesia said: "The African We have known numerous cases woman has to raise grain for her in Rhodesia where there has been husband to buy more wives, to endless litigation handed down two raise more grain to buy more and three generations in order to wives, to raise more grain to buy get such a refund so that sometimes more wives-a vicious circle." girls are even obligated for old Life in an African town or vildebts before they are born. Some lage is one of deadly monotony.

of the complexities of heathen mar- Most of the huts are small and the riages can be dimly comprehended villages are decidedly unsanitary; by the fact that one woman, who there is little or no privacy and did not look to be out of her thir- many social customs are too revolt- ties, had been given successively to ing for description. It has been some thirteen husbands. quite popular to state that the Mri- 846 can is unmoral rather than immor- not gladly exchange a hot, foul, al, a statement as false as it is dirty goatskin for a bright, pretty catchy. We have never yet found cotton cloth? When men are a tribe where there was not a well drafted to work in the mines, it is defined, decent code of morals. We becoming increasingly easy to per- suade their women to go with them. A WHITE MAN'S MISTRESS-A MENACE Along the newly-made motor have yet to find any tribe where roads we see a steady procession there was any serious, general at- of men, women and children headed tempt to live up to such a code. As toward the commercial and mining to a recent widely-circulated report towns. These motor roads have that the cannibals are a highly mor- been made largely by the women al people the facts prove quite the and the old men and the honk of contrary. the motor car has not only given the African woman a tremendous Back in her native kraal, the Af- thrill but it is the call to a new rican woman has had little or noth- world beyond her present ken. She ing to wear except skins or a bit listens at night to the accounts of of grass cloth or bark blanket. these towns as Meccas where no woman has to work, where every- one is rich, where there are plenty of gay clothes, gay tim€s and all can eat white bread. It is not strange that many follow the men and the will 0' the wisp that leads to the bog of the artificial city life. Broad is the motor road that leads to destruction and many there be The Coming of Civilization A CHRISTIAN WIFI1J-A BLESSING Now into this sordid background that travel thereon. At the end of comes the advance agent of civili- the way there are dazzling electric zation, frequently a trader or a lights with a minimum of hard lagovernment official collecting taxes. bor and a maximum of temptation These will be closely followed by for the woman to sell her body and the labor recruiting agent soliciting labor for the building of railroads or work on the mines. These men have attractive clothing and blankets and the labor bureau agent will be very generous in making presents. What woman would

soul for a morsel of meat to eat or icent church structures, these a glad rag to wear. needlessly costly piles of stone and In this artificial life children are masonry, that are being erected all decreasing in number. One govern- over America and Europe in His ment official told us that among 600 Name and largely at their expense?

women on the Busanga tin mine, What could be done and what there were only ten births in the should be done is seen by the small past year. The world has gone army of bright, happy Christian pleasure made and the African girls walking briskly down the woman is also being sucked into beautiful avenue at Lovedale and a the maelstrom. few other similar Christian insti- Some may be amused at the sight tutions in Africa. These young of a dusky beauty arrayed only in women are Christianized rather a black velvet evening gown, bare- than modernized. They are march- headed and barefooted, riding a bi- ing forth to help uplift the race.

cycle at full speed through the They are taking their places in the streets of ElisabethviIIe, but the schools, the hospitals, the shops, laugh dies as we see a white gov- the offices and best of all in the ernment official with whom she homes where they will be Christian lives intrQducing her to some of the mothers caring for their families.

men of his acquaintance while they No race or people can rise above all stand on the street laughing to- its womanhood and these women gether. That man has a wife and are the richest asset of that fabu- children in Europe. lously rich continent.

This gay life does not last long. But-"how shall they call on Disease soon catches the poor wom- Him of whom they have not heard?

an on the rebound and she is tossed And how shall they hear without aside, a mere bit of human wreck- a preacher? And how shall they age, while a younger and fresher preach except they be sent?" And victim takes her place. During the how can more missionaries be sent rest of her life she is a serious li- to save the African woman unless ability from a physical as well as there can be more given for the from a moral standpoint, spread- world-wide extension of Christ's ing disease appallingly. Thousands Kingdom and less for our own self- of hands are stretched out to drag indulgences?

her down to the lowest depths to The Christian African woman is which any woman can fall, but the a wonderful asset to the commu- thing that breaks the hearts of the nity and country at large. She missionaries is that there are so stays with her husband, looks after pitifully few hands held out to save her home and her children and is her from the fall or to raise her in a power for good.

the hour of her disillusionment When we first saw Nyinza, she wlien she is wanting to be helped. was still the mistress of a white Is it strange that as we think of man. Then she came to our church, the many appeals that have been became an inquirer and asked to made to us to either take these join the church. She was tired of young women, or the little girls on a life of sin and wanted to marry the mines, away from the reeking a man of her own race. A few atmosphere of sin and vice, that months later she married one of we fail to enthuse over the magnif- our Christian men who had known

MODERNIZED AFRICAN WOMAN-ASSET OR LIABILITY?

all about her and felt that he could girls the way of real life and right- trust her now that she had turned eousness. to Christ. She has justified that trust. Her relatives tried hard to Every day in Elisabethville and get her back into the old life, and Likasi, those great mining centers it is useless to deny that she was in the Congo, one can see a troop sorely tempted, but she won out and of women and children going to the is today a fine helpmeet for her day school with their primers, pastor-husband and the mother of hymn books and New Testaments his children. in hand. These women are changed. Many of them have been Another woman in the interior dragged down by the lure of the at Kapanga was so vicious and im- towns but have been pulled up and moral that she even scandalized the saved by the grace of God. natives. One day she gave her The modernized African woman heart to Jesus Christ and I wish without God and without Christ is the world could have heard her a great liability both to her own teach the Sunday-school lesson lat- people and to the white race as er at Kapanga. Both missionaries well. The modernized African and natives testified that her life woman who has been saved was entirely changed and that through the power of Jesus Christ whereas she had been going about is a tremendous power for good in bent on mischief and immorality, her community-an asset to the now she was going up and down white race in the country at large. helping her sisters still in heathen- . dom, and telling of Christ who JESUS I KN9W could take away sin from the heart. (Acts xix. 15) Muledzwa was only a drunken Jesus I know, who made His path to reprobate, the mother of half a doz- shine, en children by as many different men, when I first knew her. Now Who was Himself God's great redemp- she has truly become a new crea- tive plan, ture in Christ Jesus and with her daughter Nenhu, who is also a Who walked the earth, pure human, yet Christian, is a decent, clean-living divine, chieftess among her own people, cleilnly clothed and at last in her A selfless, sinless soul, the perfect right mind. Man.

There was the Imp, foul- But know I Jesus as the living Christ? mouthed, filthy of body and mind Exalted now to share the Father's when I first knew her. She was throne?

then about twelve years old and a Lord of all life, who once was sacrificed, more offensive child I have never Who claims all hearts and kingdoms seen. She was disgusting in speech for His own? and conduct. She is now the wife of a pastor and a teacher in the Could I but know Thee, Jesus, as Thou school, a highly respected wife and mother of a fine little family. She art, keeps herself and her children clean and finds time to help teach other The living Christ, my Saviour, Lord 3 and King, Then should I serve Thee with a glow- ing heart, And live the Glorias which the angels sing. _ -Henry Burton, in the British Weekly.

APPEAL OF

A LETTER FROM REV. PAUL J. BRAISTED, Madras, India Missionary oj the American BaptiBt Foreign Mission Society T HERE is a tremendous ap- Perhaps the mildest thing that peal from the great city of can be said of Miss Mayo's second Madras to anyone who is book on India is that one ought to alive to human need and suffering. balance the picture presented with The crowds speak in clear voices much other available literature and misery is everywhere visible. about this land, its peoples, their It is easy to understand the Mas- history and ambitions, and their ter's great compassion for the mul- present life. But the book itself is titudes when we see these eastern misleading. Noone who has any multitudes bargaining, bickering, knowledge of India would consent gossIpmg, quarreling, jostling, to the statement that there are hungry, weary, disease-ridden, and thousands of Hindu widows burned destitute of the things which make life rich and happy. Here is un- to death on their husband's funeral pyres every year. Such has not limited opportunity for the re- been the case for nearly a century former, the social expert, the en- since the Government made it illethusiastic educationalist, and any- gal. Other similar facts might be one with a vision of any phase of questioned. The picture is out of life which can be improved. But focus. It is a curious thing that.

most of all in these hungry crowds while attributing all the evils to the is the insistent and persistent call, Hindu community, no mention is like the moving strain of pathos in made of the Moslem community.

a symphony, for life and the Life But most of all one misses the pres- Abundant. When I pass the many ence of the "Christ of the Indian shrines; the mosques, and the other Road" who has touched so many signs of varied devotions to the hearts into life and who is today many gods of India, I am reminded drawing many by irresistible bonds of a statement of J. E. K. Aggrey. of love unto Himself. The warmth He referred to the great mission- of a great love that will sacrifice ary hymn of Bishop Heber, the for the object of that love is wholly lines: "The heathen in his blind- missing from the book. Those who ness, bows down to wood and have proved themselves true stone." And then with the great friends of India can speak to her heart and true insight of one who with the utmost freedom of her walked near the Master, he added: evils. But India feels a just re- "In his blindness? No, in his hun- sentment to one who make's India's ger." It is the hungry heart that sins a means of commercial gain calls the loudest from the streets through their pUblication. There and bazaars of this great city. is no humble missionary, in how- There is limitless opportunity for ever isolated a station, with howone whom the Master might place ever little resources, however un- here to reach out in many ways to known and unsung, but in whose touch hearts and lives with the heart the love of Christ burns until abounding love of Christ. it lights other hearts, there is no 850 such a one whose life will not far clear and for the most part accu- outweigh in eternal and enduring rate and convincing. He quotes results this heartless dealing with from wide fields in support of his the woes of this people. appeal for Christ. He quotes from The other evening on the beach Keshab Chunder Sen's famous lec- of the Bay of Bengal, a Brahman ture, "India Asks Who Is Christ."

and I spoke together. In the gath- One of the statements may be ering shadows of evening our quoted here: "Christ as a good man, thoughts turned to the Nazarene. a great man, we have learned to This man was evidently a secret love, honour and esteem. Christ believer, and at one time he said, as a moral teacher of the highest "Sri Krishna was the embodiment order, we are this moment ready of lust, but Jesus Christ was the to enshrine in our hearts. For the embodiment of suffering love." We exemplary purity of His character, spoke of the abundant life that we would at once give Him the Christ continually gives to the be- heart's allegiance and loyalty. But liever who appropriates it by that is not the whole of Christ's faith. I thought again of the great character or mission. It is not and significant differences between here that we find the real essence a change of heart and a change of of His life . . . Christ aspired to religion. How easy it is to work a higher position than that of a for the latter without the former. moralist in the affections and at- How glorious is our privilege to tachment of his followers-yes, a deal with the eternal things and to higher and a heavenlier positionwatch a life change, a new attitude that of a divine power. To that emerge, a new life grow in ever in- position He is entitled, and that He creasing fulness. This surely is demands … " the first great essential, after Here are the two great phases of which the other will take care of India's thought of Christ,-her itself. Christ will touch the heart great admiration for His teachings and character, and her unwillingto life! The late Registrar of one of the ness to assign Him a unique place. North Indian Secretariats, a Hin- She has been drawn, mightily du, read books written by another drawn, by Christ, but she has yet Hindu in an attempt to "disprove to enter the great deeper secrets the historicity of Jesus Christ and whence flow the abounding springs the claim of Christianity as taught of abundant life which she needs. by Him to be regarded as a di- Oh, that my adopted country may vinely-revealed religion." This know Him in all His fulness-and registrar was so hurt by the read- to His glory!

ing of this literature that he set The missionary movement has shamed out to defend Christ before his and educated the socially strong into critics. A Hindu appealing to his lifting the ban from the outcaste mil- lions … Christianity will win its way fellow religionists on behalf of in India only through an Indian church, Christ! So the Master moves on well – established, self – supporting, un- human hearts! He answers in afraid, and inspiringly evangelistic. Such a church is now coming into being. turn the arguments which tried to Those who love the world-wide Kingdom make Jesus out to be far from a of God must help it to stand upon its divine man, not even a good man. feet and encourage it to walk without The Registrar's arguments are faintness and to run without weariness.

-BISHOP FRED B. FISHER.

WORK IN

BY T. K. HERSHEY, Pehuaj6, F. C. 0., Argentin;; S. A.

Superintendent oj the JHs'i(m Evanuelica Menonita H AVING been appointed by four new missionaries were sent the Mennonite Board of from United States. As more Missions and Charities of missionaries arrived on the field, United States and Canada as mis- the work of missions spread to sionaries, two families-J. W. other towns, until at present, there Shank, wife and two children, the are 16 appointed missionaries and writer, wife and two children- two native pastors giving all their sailed from New York in August, time, 12 native helpers giving part 1917, arriving in Buenos Aires, time, and some in training for fu- Argentina, one month later. After ture work. The work has been or- acquiring the Spanish language ganized in eight centers in the dis- and studying the field we travelled trict.

over the greater part of Argen- From the beginning, the people tina, consulting with missionaries had many strange ideas and noalready on the field. Pehuaj6 was tions as to who we are, our motive chosen as a center from which to and purpose in the country. It is begin our missionary activities very difficult to erase the idea and and in January, 1919, we moved to convince them that the United this town, 217 miles southwest of States Government has nothing to Buenos Aires. do with financing our mission work. The Roman Catholic priests At that time there was no mis- have proclaimed that we are false sion work on the Western Rail- prophets and leaders sent to spy way farther west than Nueve de out the lay of things under the Julio. From this town to Santa cloak of religion. Threats were Rosa de Toay, a distance of 200 repeatedly made of boycotting the miles, 75 miles north and 75 miles business of our members, but God south of this main railway, lay a lives and so we press on, knowing great unoccupied field. Here a that He who called us is greater great number of towns with from than the adversary. 200 to 10,000 inhabitants were Besides the preaching services without the Gospel. in all the established centers We opened public services, dis- twice a week, we have eleven Sun- day-schools with thirty-five native tributed tracts, engaged in visita- teachers. tion work, and organized a Sunday-school. After a hard struggle Another effective way of getting with fanaticism and blind spirit- the Gospel to the people is through ism, we received seven by baptism the native Bible women. At presthe first year. ent, we have eight women who read the Bible in the homes to From Pehuaj6, our headquar- their native friends two hours each ters, we extended the work to other afternoon, five days a week. In towns. The next year work was 1927 they made 7,474 visits, with opened fifty miles west of Pehuaj6 in. Trenque Lauquen, a town of 10,000 inhabitants and in 1921, 852

MENNONITE WORK IN ARGENTINA

12,641 persons present to hear cial meetings. In one year we placed in the hands of the public God's Word. 2,943 Bibles, New Testaments, Each established cent~r has an Gospels and portions of the Gospel, and approximately 143,300 Gospel organized Young People's Society tracts. There is a church memand every Tuesday evening the bership of over 200, and more than members and young people meet 400 children are in the Sunday- schools. Many of the members are for Bible Study. faithful and have shown much zeal Five kindergartens are in oper- in carrying the Gospel message to their fellowmen. They have caught ation five days a week with more the spirit of missions and in 1927, than 200 children enrolled. In the contributions from these willone, an advanced class of the First ing, but mostly poor, members was Grade is being taught by a member 3,271.75 pesos. of the church and a graduate of the Normal School at Pehuaj6. God is blessing the work of the Mennonite Church in Argentina. Orphanage work was launched It has been little in comparison to in May, 1926, in rather unsuitable what might have been done. Many quarters. At present 18 children are very indifferent to religion for in the institution are cared for by they have been long deceived by two missionary sisters, one of false teachings. On discovering whom is a trained nurse. that these "Evangelicos" are also teaching religion they have come Another great factor is the to look upon this Protestant misprinted page. We have our own sionary movement as "a bird of printing plant, and publish a four- another feather." page monthly paper called El Camino Verdadero (The True Way) with 12,000 circulation. Tracts, booklets and hand bills are used to announce services and spe- MR. HOOVER'S VISIT TO SOUTH AMERICA T HE visit of President Hoover, visiting the American colonies but then President Elect, to South was making a pre-official visit to America last January very the South American governments, deeply impressed South Ameri- created a favorable impression. cans. In the first place there was His sincerity and straight fora feeling that they were getting on wardness also won friends. On the front page. The people of the religious side he also scored a Brazil and Argentina felt that here tremendous point. At Rio he dewas a man who knew Europe, Asia, elined Sunday morning invitations Australia, and something of Afri- and arrangements without offering ca, and who did not feel that he any reason or excuse. He and could take up the presidency of the Mrs. Hoover quietly attended the United States without knowing English service at the Union something of Latin America. That Church. Men who exult in the made them anxious to give him in- fact that they have advanced beformation. His frankness in con- yond religion took off their hats to versation with President Irigoyen him. Without pomp or ceremony and President Washington Luis he went to worship God. Some and the fact that he definitely very beautiful things have been stated in Brazil that he was not written and said about this.

eroP1CS Of THE TIME~

Dr. Mott's Missionary Projects gram" and in Japan "The Kingdom of God Movement." This summons AS a result of his recent missionary to a larger evangelism must be vital, 1"1. journey around the world and his continuous and intensive-not spas- modic. We must adopt all means to conference with native Christian lead- ers in Asia, following the Interna- this end-mass evangelism, social tional Missionary Council at Jerusa- evangelism, religious literature and lem, Dr. John R. Mott expresses the education.

conviction that "from an economic 7. We must work for a thorough point of view, the world is in a very and unhurried evaluation of the Mass grievous state." He suggests the fol- Movements. In India 90% of the lowing twelve missionary projects for present Protestant churches are the the Christian Church which, to his product of this movement. It is now mind, should deeply concern every influencing the castes and more than missionarY statesman. These twelve 10,000 of the upper castes have beprojects, which are closely related to come Christians while as many more the deliverance of the Jerusalem con· are in process of preparation. ference, may be briefly stated as fol- 8. We must produce more and bet- lows: ter Christian literature in all these 1. We must seek to coordinate mission lands. The amount available clearly the highest Christian thought for the clergy and educated youth is of the East and the West as to the inadequate in virtually every field.

true World Mission of Christianity. We should discover and release the 2. We must unite in the world-wide ablest writers for this work and proclamation of the Christian Mes- should together devise more adequate sage of the New Testament and its im- means for the publication and distriplications, as so clearly expressed at bution of this literature. The book Jerusalem. stores of the Orient are well stocked 3. We must disseminate the defi- with non-Christian literature but there nitely Christian ideas and ideals of is scarcely any Christian literature in religious education in all the churches evidence. We must solve this problem at home and abroad. interdenominationally.

4. We must cooperate to promote 9. We must augment the force of the distinctly Christian educational trained, spiriitual Christian leaders. program in all the missionary work Every mission land is calling for more of the Church. missionaries of the highest possible 5. We must promote understanding qualification, those who have experi- and cooperation between the younger enced the divine call. But the number and the older churches. of national youth who will sacrificially 6. We must have a larger, more ef- give themselves to this work should fective program of evangelism. The be enormously augmented. Their troubles through which Christians preparation must be thoroughly have been passing in the mission studied. The curricula of every theo- fields have prepared the way. "We logical school should be reviewed. must not only see the opportunity but 10. We must liberate a vastly we must sieze it." In China they have greater force of lay workers. The inaugurated their "Five Year Pro- strongest laymen in America and 854 England should realize their unique distress however is God's opportunity. responsibility and opportunity. We Man's perplexity is God's challenge.••• must mobilize them for service. Distressed Japan is a humble Japan. 11. The West and the East, the Perplexed Japan is a challengeable Jaolder, and the younger churches, the pan. Self-satisfaction and pride are nationals of different lands must learn disappearing. The sound of the breakhow to share their visions, their in- ing away of the husks of the Nation's sight, their burdens, their experience, thinking and of its life echoes gloomily their resources and the deepest things far and near. . . . of life, as well as those that come by revelation from God. The birth-pangs of a new Japan! The violent birth-quickening of the Kingdom 12. We must strengthen the Na- of God in Japan is on. The time is at tional Christian Councils. There are hand. The Kingdom of God is near. fourteen now in the "sending coun- The time has come for repentance and tries" and fourteen in the "receiving for consecration to the task of spreading countries" that are cooperating in the the Gospel. International Missionary Council. The thought life, life as a whole, This is a program that may well politics, education, industry, everything challenge the attention of the Church in Japan must be brought under God's and of every Christian. The Warld direct control. Through Christlike J ap- Mission of Christianity has scarcely anese, a Christlike .Tapan must be begun to be' fulfilled. It will not be brought to the birth. To transform this accomplished until every man and vision into reality we must increase the woman on earth has had an opportu- present two hundred and fifty thousand nity to hear the message of new life Christians to a round million. Numerthrough Christ and until the followers als are void of power but there is of Christ are exemplifying in their strength in numbers. . . . characters and lives, in their institutions and habits, the spirit and teach- We believe that one million Christians ings of Jesus Christ as recorded in will make possible the Christianization the New Testament. The Church of of Japan's public opinion and conscience Christ must be satisfied with nothing and realize through the Church a really less than living the ideals and full Christianized Japan. Every Christian program of Christ. a soul winner, winning one soul a year and thus in three years quadrupling the The Campaign in Japan number of Christians, this is the pro- gram of the Kingdom of God Campaign. T HE Christian forces in Japan are being mobilized for the Million A Foward Movement in China Souls Movement. Ten thousand copies of a prospectus setting forth THE Church of Christ in China has the plans will be sent out among the been very much affected by the dif- Japanese churches and Christians, and copies of an English translation ficulties and unrest of China during will be available for missionaries and others interested in the campaign. the last few years, asserted Dr. C. Y. The next step is to get it into the minds and hearts and into the prayers Cheng, Moderator of the United and purposes of every pastor and every Christian in the land. Church of China and Secretary of the The prospectus says in part: China National Christian Council, Japan the land of the gods, God's who recently made an address to miscountry! This is our prayer, our slogan, our goal. Our Japan is in distress. sionary leaders in New York. He said Our Japan has lost her way. Man's that political changes, activities of communists, the intellectual changes and the anti-Christian movement, especially among the younger student classes, have all left their mark on the Church. Some of these effects are good. There is less self-complacency and more humble seeking after im- provement and for guidance. There is a realization as to wherein the Church has failed and an increased emphasis on essentials.

On the other hand, the disturbed conditions and the wave of radical

thought has had its evil effects. There the conviction that their religion is a are sections of the Church that do not life and death matter they must go seem to have been touched by the revo- out to actively evangelize. This is true lution and such groups are a hindrance for all Christians, whether their reguto progress. Others have allowed lar work is evangelistic or not. The themselves to be too much swayed doctor and the teacher must realize by recent thought and events. Some that they are as truly evangelists as among the younger element have even the preacher. It is a movement to gone so far as to advocate discarding enlist men and women in upholding, the Church and organized religion, improving, enriching and utilizing while still affirming their allegiance the Christian Church in order that it to Christ. There is a general lack of may be more efficient. Too often even spiritual growth which gives cause for those most able to help have a tendconcern and a sense of depression. ency to draw away from the Church. Many feel an uncertainty growing With all its inefficiencies, the Church out of this sense of failure that is has not been equalled by any other paralyzing to progress. organization or combination of organ- izations in its power for good in If the Church does not quickly do China, said Dr. Cheng. We must try something to help this situation, Dr. to remove its imperfections so that it Cheng believes that its very life will may better perform the tasks for be threatened. The "Five – Year which it is intended. Because of the Movement" is the answer to the deep- serious situation at the present time, felt need on the part of native Chris- it is felt necessary to concentrate our tian leaders and missionaries as ex- forces in one united effort for a defipressed in the regional conferences nite period of five years but it is con· recently held in nearly all parts of fidently expected that the impetus China. The idea, introduced in these gained during this time will go on. conferences, was at once unanimously taken up because it was what all felt Dr. Cheng requested the older to be most needed. This is the gen- churches of America and Europe to eral desire and hope and prayer of the engage in intelligent, earnest, con- Chinese Church as a whole. stant prayer on behalf of the move- ment. He also asked for an increase The aim of the Five-Year Movement in the number of Christian workers, (1930-1934) is to build up the mem- both the general missionaries, and bership of the Church, but at the same specialists on certain lines, such as time to make sure that each new mem- religious education, rural work, theober really understands what it means logical training, industry, etc., who to be a follower of Jesus Christ. All would come out for limited periods. the Christian agencies are asked to There is a great need for such exwork together with this in view. Five perts to help China. The Chinese regional conferences, as well as the Church is poor-it needs money; but National Christian Council and the it needs more than anything else, the Church of Christ in China, have voted gift of men-men who come with to adopt this program in all serious- evangelistic zeal even though they ness. may never preach. The National Christian Council also hopes that In addition to the effort to greatly some special help may be given in the increase the numerical membership of financing of this five-year program. the Church and to educate these new This movement, if it is to be taken up members in the understanding of seriously, will require more workers. what it means to be a disciple of In the field of literature much must he Jesus, the movement, as interpreted done. This is a movement in which by Dr. Cheng, represents a great the older and younger churches can striving for renewed spiritual fire in well cooperate. the Church-for an outpouring of evangelistic zeal. If Christians get

TOPICS OF THE TIMES

Youth Movements in Europe vincial and colonial towns to fight against immorality. They are not NOT all the "Flaming Youth" are satisfied merely to protest against li- bent on the destruction of old centious literature and plays, cinemas, standards and entire freedom from etc., but are attacking one of the chief moral restraint. Many signs indicate causes of immorality, namely the ina reaction and a rising in the inter- sufficient salaries paid to women and ests of idealism among the youth of girls. Young women's groups affiliated many lands. Multitudes oppose all with the "Voix des Jeunes" are to war and have joined pacifist societies. make an inquiry into the matter dur- Others are against all forms of im- ing the winter, in conjunction with perialism-so-called-and have joined the International Labor Office, which the Anti-Imperialistic League. has started a similar inquiry.

In connection with the recent In Italy a group of Protestant World Conference against Imperial- young men called "Knights of ism, a congress of you.ng men at Christ," has decided to fight against Frankfort – on – the – Main (Germany) immorality. After careful study they last July brought together some sixty have had 5,000 placards printed recyoung men from India, China, South ommending in words of St. Paul, America, Mexico, Korea, and other chastity, respect of human personality countries. Special attention was paid (especially of women). They have to Syria, Morocco and China and the gone out by twos to put these posters situation of young workers and young in most prominent places. The police peasants was carefully studied. interfered, but the magistrates found the young Knights not guilty. Unfortunately "Young Pioneers" of Russia are taught that they are ene- In America also, and in Asia Youth mies of the Boy Scout movement, movements have been formed to destarted some 21 years ago in England fend the Bible, to put into practice by Lord Baden-Powell, and now num- the teachings of Christ· and to adbering over 50,000 scouts from all vance morality, the spirit of brotherparts of the world. The Boy Scout hood and Christian missionary ac- "Jamboree" in England last summer tivity. brought together some 300,000 visitors and was a remarkable manifesta- Unrest in Palestine tion of International fellowship. THE little country, now known as At the same time a meeting of the Palestine, at the crossroads be- Socialist Youth in Vienna (July 12th tween Africa and Asia and almost to the 14th) brought together some next door to Europe, has always been 50,000 participants from a few coun- a scene of strife. Before the Israelites tries or central Europe. On the 16th conquered the land it was a battlefield of July the official delegates of the between many warring tribes. Egypt, National Movements of Socialist Assyria, Persia, Greece and Rome youth met for their 3d International later fought for its possession for po- Congress. It was stated that 220,718 litical and commercial advantage. members from 50 different countries Since the capture of Jerusalem by the belonged to it, but that France and followers of Mohammed the religious Great Britain had not as yet made motive has been added as a basis for adequate efforts for their national or- desiring possession, and for nearly ganizations. A program for the pro- fifteen hundred years Christians, Jews tection of young workers was formed and Moslems have contended for posin cooperation with the Trade Unions session of their sacred shrine. Jeruand the Socialist International. salem has been a bone of contention rather than an olive branch of peace. In France "La Voix des J eunes" is When General Allenby entered the getting together all the youth organizations in Par:s and in different pro-

city in 1917, the Christians regained improvements made under British control from the Turks but the Jews rule: Moslems, Jews and Christians were promised the opportunity to will all profit if they will learn to live realize their national ambition to en- together in harmony. The hope of Pal- joy Palestine as their ancestral home. estine is not, however, in the domina- This right has been the cause of dis- tion of anyone class or race or in the pute and contention with their Arab physical development of the country neighbors who outnumber them three but it is in the recognition of Him to one. All religions and nationalities who is the Prince of Peace and in have been enjoying equal rights under loyal submission to Jesus Christ whose the British Mandate but this does not right it is to reign.

satisfy the Mohammedans and as- saults upon the Jews have resulted. Church Union in Scotland The Rev. Malcolm M. Maxwell, of Jerusalem, writes to The Christian "NOTHERbreach in the Church of under date of August 30th: "We can- f t Christ was healed on October 1st, not yet see anything in the nature of when two other branches of this Body a national turning to Jesus Christ as were joined together through the their Messiah. But it may be signifi- union of the Established Church of cant that in many cases the Jews liv- Scotland and the United Free Church ing in the Holy City are painting up -both of them Scotch Presbyterian large cro~ses over their houses, in bodies. The "Wee Frees," as they are order to shelter under the sign of the popularly called, still stand aloof. At the final session of the United Cross. It may be that some of them Free Church Assembly only twentywill come to seek refuge under the two members, among the 500, voted to Blood of the Cross, which, until quite support an amendment proposing recently, they despised, and of which many of them had a superstitious "that this Assembly do not proceed to the consummation of the union dread." . Pictures of Jewish homes, on the with the Church of Scotland." Twenty door-posts of which have been painted years of debate and negotiation have crosses to protect the inmates, forcibly preceded this amalgamation which will rank as one of the biggest events remind us of the sprinkling of blood in Scotland since the disruption. on the door-posts of Jewish families in Egypt at the time of the Passover On October 2d, the two Assemblies to protect them against the angel of marched from their respective meeting death. places to St. Giles's Cathedral-unit- ing on the way-for a devotional serv- An anonymous proclamation, found ice. In the afternoon Dr. John White in Jerusalem during the recent upris- was elected as First Moderator and ing, called for a Holy War of the the Duke of York presented his com- Arabs to drive out the Jews. mission as Lord High Commissioner; and a letter from the King was read. The Arabs claim that their country has been divided and that the Jews The first assembly of the reunited have been unduly favored in political Church was held in the municipal appointments and other privileges. garage. The audience of 12,000 in- cluded the Archbishop of Canterbury, The Jews make ten demands on the Dr. Cosmo Gordon Lang, and his government including a commission of predecessor, Lord Davidson, of Laminquiry, security for Jews in all the beth, and several members of the govcities and colonies, the restoration of ernment. The moderators signed the property, fines on Arab villages, uniting act with the historic quill pen establishment of an armed Jewish with which the dissenting ministers police force to protect Jewish com- at the disruption in 1843 signed the munities.

Palestine has greatly benefited by act which created the breach. EDITED BY MRS. F. I. JOHNSON, 150 FIFTH AVENUE, NEW YORK President of the Federation of Woman's Boards of Foreign Missions ATTRACTIVE METHODS FOR to have something actively to do with TEACHING the.solution of any problem that affects the lives of human beings." "Jumping Beans"

By MAUDE E. BRADLEY Our Junior boys and girls are going MEXICO to enjoy "Jumping Beans." What a fascinating title to arouse the curios- Under the "Plan and Point of View" ity of those eager little people who with which the course is introduced are waiting anxiously for the "club" to the leader are many valuable sugto begin. And the title is not the (/lily interesting thing about this new book! The children will love the whole Sandoval family from father and mother, Manuel, Carmen, Elena, and baby Carlos, to Zoso, the burro, and Chini, the pig.

The book is in two sections; Part 1: Stories by Dr. Robert N. McLean, and Part 2: The course-worked out by Mabel Little Crawford. In the charming little stories, Dr. McLean introduces us to a Mexican Indian family in their Mexican home and then we follow them through varied experiences as they become migrant agricultural laborers in the southwestern part of our own great country.

Delightful as are the stories in themselves, their real value will be best brought out by using them as part of the suggested course. This course may be adapted easily to various groups-church school classes, mission bands, clubs, week-day classes, daily vacation Bible schools, etc.

Miss Crawford says: "The aim of such a course is not to furnish children of nine, ten, and eleven with ready-made opinions on social or economic problems, but rather to make them conscious that there are problems, that there are two sides to the problems, and that Christianity ought 859 gestions which will save the leader right. Two or three white pages may much time and effort in preparation be inserted and fastened with yarn, for the sessions. Some of these sug- ribbon or white string colored with gestions follow – "Materials Needed crayon. On the cover draw four or for the Course, Activities, Making a five bands of varied widths and color Map, Making Notebooks, Writing with orange, blue, red and black. Letters, Making a Mexican Village, Across upper left corner, color nar- Preparing a Mexican Meal, Dramati- rower bands. Print "MEXICAN zation, Service Activities, Summary WORDS" in black crayon in remainof Preparation to be Made by the ing space. Before the stories are Leader." Then follow specific pro- told write Mexican words on the grams for each session. blackboard or large sheet of paper, with translation, and let children copy The course is so well worked 'Out them in their notebooks. In this way, that, taken just as it is printed, no they will assemble quite an Englishleader should have difficutly in pre- Mexican dictionary. senting it. Perhaps a few suggestions which were worked out this summer Have you ever helped a group of while a small group of children were children make their own little hymn enjoying the course will be of further books? One society in Lancaster, Pa., help. did this and it was a great success. Use lightweight colored construction Make invitations for the first meet- paper for covers and plain white ing in the shape of a big sombrero of paper for the pages. Let the children white paper colored with yellow crayon copy words of hymns which they sing or of yellow Tonal paper. Touch up at meetings. with lines of orange and black crayon. Inside, write or print, "You are Another attractive booklet is made invited to come to the church next Fri- of yellow or orange paper, size 3ljz day at four o'clock to meet the Sando- by 12 folded double to make cover val family from Mexico." These invi- 37'2 by 6. Tie with yarn at the top tations could be given to the Juniors to hold inside pages in place. Print at the close of the church school ses- "MEXICO" in colored crayon at top sion or could be mailed. Do you real- and paste silhouette of sombrero cut ize what it means to a Junior to re- from black paper at bottom of cover. ceive a real-honest-to-goodness letter or invitation through the mail ? It is Children will enjoy making articles worth many times the value of a post- from clay modeling material. Hang age stamp. up a lot of pictures around the room showing scenes from Mexican home Why not enlist some of the Junior or village life. Point out certain artior Senior High art students to help cles which might be made in miniature with this part of the preparatory in clay. Then leave the children to work? Almost every church, whether their own initiative in carrying on small or large, urban or rural, has one the work. Results will be surprisingly or more young people with artistic successful. The group mentioned ability. Do use them! Invite them to above made an adobe, stools, tables, give of their talent to Christ's pro- crude fireplace, kitchen utensils, burro, gram! pig, sombrero, etc.

Children love to make little booklets. The Everyland Picture Series on "Jumping Beans" offers many possi- "Mexicans in the United States," 25 bilities in this line of handwork. To cents, published by the Everyland make a Mexican blanket or sarape Press, 150 Fifth Avenue, New York notebook, fold a sheet of 9 by 12 yel- City, may be used in many ways to low paper through the center and then make the course interesting. again, making a double cover, 47'2" by 6". Place the folded edges at left and There are twenty-four pictures with top; the open ones at bottom and printed captions underneath. Have the Juniors mount these separately on

METHODS FOR WORKERS

colored construction paper. Then cut formed again at opposite sides of them up into "jig-saw" puzzles. This room. At the striking of a cord on can be done with scissors in two ways. piano the lines break and go across Make a simple puzzle by cutting the room, each child trying to find the picture into five or six horizontal or child who has the other part of her vertical strips. A more elaborate picture. puzzle may be made by cutting the picture into a number of irregular OHRISTMAS PAGEANTS sized pieces. Do not make too many pieces. Place each puzzle in an en- By MARVIM M. WALTERS velope and on the outside write or print-"Mexican Puzzle-Number of The very best and most effective pieces." Very pretty envelopes may Christmas pageants the writer has be made of wall paper to contain the seen were those created from locbi puzzles. Let the children decide what surroundings and put on in that one they shall do with the completed puz- spot for which they were written or zles. Hospitals, shut-ins, sick club played. members, orphan asylums, etc., may be suggested by the leader. Pageantry consists largely of four main elements-namely, color, music, Another way in which to use the pic- free dialogue, and pantomime. Christture set is as a game. The leader mas pageantry should of course have should cut out each picture with its a Christmas theme. explanatory text. Number each picture. Mount on colored construction Many think it is hard to give pagpaper or lightweight cardboard. eants. We have not found it so, Mount the printed texts but do not especially after we stopped putting too number. Pin the pictures up around much into it. the room. Line the children up and give each one a printed slip. When a Get three or four vital, progressive bell rings they are to go around look- ideas and work them into a musicing at the pictures and find the one color skein, putting into the pageant which they think fits their printing. characters who like to do their parts. Each child stands by his or her picture and at the end of a short time "Christmas in Every Land" turned the bell is rung again and the leader out to be one of the finest pageants decides how many have made the cor- we ever put on. We spent some four rect decision. weeks studying national customs, dress ideas, national airs and tradi- A good way to "break the ice" at tions. We worked in as many nathe first meeting is to use the pictures tions as we were equipped to do– in the following partner contest. England, France, Germany, China, Mount the pictures on light cardboard India, America, and several others. or heavy paper and cut into two pieces. For all the countries we represented The printed matter is mounted with we procured flags or made them from the picture. Place all the left sides chart descriptions found in an unof puzzles in one pile on a table at abridged dictionary. For those who front of room and all the right sides contemplate putting on such a pagin another pile at other side of table. eant I would suggest free use of un- Let the Juniors choose sides and line abridged dictionaries and standard up on opposite sides of room. When a encyclopedias. Articles dealing with march is played the two lines march various countries, together with charts around until they meet and then they of national colors, will give many come forward double breast to the hints. table. Here they separate again, each child taking up a piece of picture from Don't make your plan too big or too the designated pile. The lines are complete, but let the pageant be as suggestive and dramatic as possible. Make use of Christmas solos, carols, and anthems. The Christmas theme is abundantly expressed in good music.

A MISSIONARY CHRISTMAS PLAY would gladly help if I could but I For Union Home and Foreign Mis- think you will have to go elsewhere sionary Societies. this time."

If given with a generous amount of DEACONESS :-"If you only knew action, it is unusually effective. one of the families there. The mother died recently leaving a family of six Christmas Pageant children; the oldest a girl of four- (Woman sitting at table doing up teen, tries to keep house and mother the last of her Christmas presents. the other five children. The father Bundles and boxes are all about her.) works hard, when he can get work but his pay is small. A good dinne; MRS. SHOPPER:-"Well, well, I am and a few presents would do much toglad that job is about done. My list ward making them feel the true spirit of people to whom I give presents of the Holy Christmas Day." grows longer every year and it is so hard to please them and find some- MRS. SHOPPER:-"I am truly more thing they do not already have. sorry than I can tell you, but I simply Really Christmas is getting to be a can't help this year. It is too late for burden. I am so tired by the time the I have overspent my allowance for day arrives that I do not enjoy it. I Christmas and will be in debt for some sometimes wonder if this is not the time before I can pay for all my wrong way to celebrate." gifts."

(Just tkBn a knock is heard. She DEACONESS: – "Well, good-bye! I goes to the door and admits a deacon- hope you may be able to help next ess, who says:) year."

DEACONESS :-"My dear Mrs. Shop- MRS. SHOPPER (sits at table thinkper, we are spending Christmas Eve ing aloud) :-"1 should like to have trying to collect a few more dollars to given something, but I just could not. help in our celebration of Christmas I do believe it would have been better at the S. S. S. You know we have so if I had bought less expensive things many foreigners and colored people in and had a little left for those poor that part of the city. children. It rather worries me as I think about them. I believe I will "During the past year, many of the read a while and perhaps get my mind men have had scarcely any work at off them." all. The families are large and in many cases two or three families have (Sits doum to read and presently moved together and are living in three falls asleep and dreams.) or four rooms. They need food and Spirit of ChristJllas clothes and heat. Added to these nec- (Enter Spirit of Christmas. Peoessary things, we are asking for ple fro:m America and many foreign money-just a little from each per- countnes show what Christmas and son, to give them a little Christmas the Christ-child mean to them.) cheer. (Enter Moslem woman (veiled).) "We have our kindergarten children, and other classes that the chil- SPIRIT OF CHRISTMAS :-"This is a dren attend-also the colored women's Moslem woman from Algiers."

club and the foreign women's club. MOSLEM WOMAN :-"1 am supposed Many of them will have no Christmas to be happy because I was married at unless we give it to them. thirteen years of age and have never "Will you not try to put a bit of been divorced. But we do not know joy into their lives as you, too, are happiness as you Christians know it.

celebrating the birth of the Christ- I cannot sew or read, and hear only child, Christmas Day?" coarse, vile talk from my neighbors MRS. SHOPPER:-"I am sorry but I and friends. I am an obedient wife have spent all my available money. I and attend to all my religious duties,

METHODS FOR WORKERS

observing the hours of prayer, repeat- baskets and beadwork. We do not hate ing the words in a language I do not the white man now for he is teaching understand, hoping to be rewarded by us a better way to live, and when at being allowed to be one of my hus- Christmas time, we meet with God's band's seventy slaves in his heavenly people to celebrate the birth of His paradise. 1 attend the mosque, sitting Son, we, too, can sing: behind a screen where I can neither Hark! the herald angels sing, see nor be seen, or understand the Glory to the new-born King; Peace on earth, and mercies mild, service; I observe faithfully all fast God and sinners reconciled! days, but these do not satisfy the Joyful all ye nations, rise, cravings of my religious nature. We Join the triumph of the skies; long in vain for something that will With the angelic host proclaim give us peace and happiness." Christ is born in Bethlehem."

(Enter l!merican Indian woman.) (Enter 0 Tomo San, Japanese SPIRIT:-"And now comes a dusky woman.) maiden from the land of Hiawatha SPIRIT :-"Here is a young mother who will tell her story." who will tell you what the Christ INDIAN WOMAN :-"1 come of a means to her."

race which once ruled this fair land. o TOMO SAN :-"1 have always been But one day, long, long ago, the white religious but until recently it was the men, who were stronger than we came religion of darkness and superstition.

and took our land away from us. They Many dark nights my husband and took our hunting grounds and drove 1 visited shrine after shrine set in the us on reservations they had set aside. gloomy groves. We took our little Our lands made the white man rich; offerings of rice and fish and per- and piece by piece we gave up to them formed the only worship we knew, the woods and fields that had been but there was no response in our souls.

ours for hundreds of years. We were Were the gods satisfied? Had they ignorant and at the mercy of every heard our prayers? There were so white trader. They taught my peo- many gods-were there any that had ple to drink fire-water and to gamble. been omitted, and who might wreak "My grandmother was a Princess their vengeance on our poor home?

and I was born in a tepee, because my Alas! we could not tell; there was no father hated the white man's ways of way of finding out. In spite of all living. He never forgave the people these night pilgrimages-in spite of who took our lands from us and died innumerable little wooden tablets pur- of a broken heart. chased at the temples, insuring bless- "Then I was taken sick and a beau- ing of all kinds-in spite of slips of tiful woman, a missionary, came to paper bearing pictured gods and pray with me and nurse me back to charms of all sorts, guaranteed to health. She told me of a Saviour who keep off all spirits-still misfortunes was born on Christmas Day and who had followed one another in quick suc- was God's great gift to the world. cession. To cure my husband of tooth- She said He loved the Red Man, too. ache, 1 vowed to abstain for three Teach us more about the Great Spirit years from eating natto, my favorite of the Paleface. Take us to your food. Before the three years were up, schools-deal with us fairly. we moved away from this town. Hence "The white man robbed us of our I was unable to revisit the shrine with lands and traditions and left in their an offering of natto, which would have place the vices of civilization. We released me from the vow, so I· still want a share of the better things- could not touch it. Similarly, to cure we want to be lifted up by the Great one of my children, we covenanted not White Spirit and your God-man-the to eat crabs.

Christ. Then we w1l till the soil and "One day I attended a mothers'

make for you our beautiful blankets, meeting at the Christian kindergarten.

This led to other meetings and my and they'd train my gals right. So husband and I learned the Jesus doc- we picked cotton all summer till our trine. Then arose the question-what fingers bled and got a little m~mey­ to do with the idol shrines in the but not much. house. At first we closed the doors of the shrine and turned them around "But somehow the spirit of Jesus with their faces to the wall, but some- Christ just opens the pocketbooks of how, this did not prove very satisfac- some of them northern white people, tory. So we decided to sell them, but and you can go to them schools withit did not seem quite the thing to out much money. We walked twelve make money on our discarded gods. miles to a railroad station-we hadn't We finally burned them with all the never seen railroad cars before and I wooden tablets and paper charms. felt kind 0' skeered to let them gals get on and be jerked away so fast you Outwardly our circumstances re- couldn't say bood-bye; But they said mained unchanged, but how different they wasn't skeered; that they'd go everything seems, since turning to through fire to get there. God in obedient faith, and committing everything to Him, a complete change "Araminty has learned to be a nurse has come over our hearts and all the oyer a: Jacksonville and Arabella is old unrest has disappeared. As for goin' to teach school and they ain't gomyself I seem to have lost all fear. I ing to marry any no 'count niggers used to be so afraid of the dark, but neither. We got a real Christmas tree now I feel so perfectly safe every- and all the other colored children for where. The other day I ate some miles around are comin' to celebrate. natto and it tasted good. We are go- We won't have many presents, but ing to enjoy the crabs when they come we'll have a mighty good time. Arain, too. It seems so strange to be so bella has taught them lots of Christfree. Everytime I hear the Gospel, I mas songs, she learned at school-but feel ashamed of myself for not having the one I like best is the one about earlier trusted in Jesus. So you can Glory to God in the Highest, Peace on see why we love to celebrate the Earth, Good Will Toward Men." Christ-child's birthday as a Holy Day." (Enter Chinese Girl.) (Exit.) SPIRIT :-"This child is a member of our Christian school and lives in (Enter Negro woman.) the compound with the missionary and SPIRIT :-"The Negro race has been she is very happy to tell you .of their a special study for our people. Let Christmas." our colored friend tell us how our missionary homes have taught them the GIRL:-"To us Christmas Eve is the way to celebrate Christmas. night of nights. After dinner we had NEGRO WOMAN:-"We are g'wine a musical program and then Santa to have a big Christmas at our house. Claus who is just the biggest, fattest, We live in a little shanty and we ain't jolliest person you can imagine came got no money to count on. But our riding in on a tiny donkey. Our gals Araminty and Arabella have come Christmas tree was beautiful and we home from that school at Jacksonville, thought it was even prettier as the Florida, about fifty miles from here, gifts began to disappear from it and where they got all kinds of larnin'. appear in our hands. The next day at "Myoid man said, 'Don't you send ten o'clock, we attended the little them gals away to no school-they'll Christmas entertainment in the jest get a lot of fool notions in their church. Then followed the Chinese heads and then like as not come home feast when we Chinese and Americans and marry some no 'count nigger.' ate together in good fellowship to cele- But I 'lowed as how them missionaries brate Christ's Birthday. had the love of God in their hearts "After this, we attended the little play given at the girls' school. It was 'The Birds' Christmas Carol.' Then

METHODS FOR WORKERS

came the best of all, the real Christmas ye about towns and rivers and mounfeast for the girls, when we had meat tains). While she was talkin', I jest and vegetables. And you know we thought my heart'd stop beatin', 'cause have these only twice a year in the I got bluer and bluer 'cause I knowed girls' school-on Christmas and New we didn't have no money but Glory Be Years. The rest of the time we eat -she said we didn't need much money black and yellow beans, rice and Chi- 'cause the missionary societies furnese bread. nish most everything. When she said that I got so excited I nearly let the "We closed our day with the singing twins fall off my lap. So Melissa went of carols and went to bed, very, very to school. And we are so proud of happy girls." that gal. She just larned everything. There ain't nothin' she don't know (Exit.) about sewin', cookin', keepin' house and everything. (Enter Mountaineer woman.) SPIR.IT :-"This woman is one of our "Do you wonder we want to celenative-born Americans whose daugh- brate Christmas, the day when Christ ter owes her life to the home mission- was born? Melissa said He came to ary school." save the world, and that means us poor MOUNTAINEER.:-"Well, I just want white folks way down here in the to tell yer, I'm glad it's Christmas mountains." time cause it gives me an excuse for celebratin'. I'm jest bubblin' over (Enter Hindu Bible woman.) with joy. You know I got a gal, Me- SPIRIT :-"A Hindu Bible woman lissa, who goes to that school down at will tell you of the celebration of Boaz. I never had any eddication and Christmas in a mission schooL" neither did her pa and sometimes HINDU BIBLE WOMAN:-"I am a when we'd git newspapers wrapped Bible woman trained in a Woman's round things at the store and couldn't Foreign Missionary School in India, read nary a word of the print on 'em, and I want to tell you just a little I would jest natchery cry and worry of Christmas in India. The flowers 'cause I didn't see any way but to jest in the garden of the mission compound let my young uns grow up as ignorant are blooming luxuriantly – cannas, as I was. roses, phlox and cosmos. It is not "We was awful poor and me and the Christmas weather as you know it, two gals only had one pair of shoes with snow and the jingle of sleighbetween us. And one day when we bells. But the girls in our school and were workin' barefoot in the cornfield the mothers in some of the homes a woman with a pretty face and the where I visit and teach, know that sweetest voice, came riding up and tomorrow we are celebrating the birth said, 'Howdy. Can I come in and sit of the Christ-child, and realize more a spell? I want to talk to you about deeply that many in America, what a school over to Boaz where we can His coming to earth has brought to take at least one of your girls.' Well their lives. that beat me and we laid down our "Tomorrow at nine we shall have a hoes and went inside our shanty. Qur church service and then the celebrapreacher up on the ridge had told her tion for the children. Thanks to the 'bout us. I didn't know where Boaz boxes received from Christian Amerwas-'cause we didn't know nothing ica-we can make all the children about anything on tother side of the happy. One Standard Bearer Commountain. pany has sent us a box filled with rag "She said it was the Rebecca Mc- dolls and how the girls love them. Cleskey School and was kept by some Then from a Kings Herald Band we folks up North. She said they would have tops and marbles for the boys teach my gal to read and write and and candy for all the children. How she'd larn rithmetic (that teaches ye those little brown faces will shine as to count), and gography (that teaches 4

we tell them that someone in America last Christmas when we people of the loves them and is willing to sacrifice village were invited there, too. The a little of her own pleasure that teachers surely had a time to make all Chrismas joy may reign in far away the costumes and train sixty children India. in song. The thirty little girls were all dressed in white and after Christ- "At four in the afternoon we will mas these little dresses and skirts have the tea for Indian Christians. were put away to be kept clean for They sit in the church compound, the Easter. They had a Christmas enwomen and children on one side and tertainment on Christmas Eve and I the men on the other. The school chil- wish you might have heard their songs dren will present tableaux and songs and pieces. of the Christmas story and we will live again that first Christmas Day. There "The children were up at 5: 30 will be gifts at this service for each Christmas morning and there was a family: clothing, towels, soap and big tree and Santa Claus was dancing other things, that are luxuries to us, around the tree jingling sleigh bells but commonplace to you. And each to call the children down stairs. You will go home happy, filled with Christ- never saw such a commotion. There mas peace." was something for each one-the little girls got tiny wash boilers and little (Enter Eskimo.) green skillets and the boys got balls SPIRIT:-"And here is an Eskimo and fish-hooks and other trinkets and woman from the ice-bound shores of all got apples, oranges and candy. A the Yukorf. She will tell you how glad big box arrived from the States and she is that no cold is so intense that in that were some presents for the it can keep back the messengers of the missionaries and some things for the King, who have made possible a joy- Home they had been praying for. ous Christmas. ESKIMO :-"1 come from Alaska, a "The children took their presents land where it is always cold. In many and formed in line and had a parade parts, the ground never thaws. The all over the Home-they were led by people are very, very poor and some- a band (six children playing on combs times families and even whole villages and one beating a pan for a drum) starve to death. The men are miners, and then games and a good dinner. sealers, whalers and sailors. They live in small huts and stop up all the "Say, you've never seen a Christcracks to keep out the cold and have no mas, if you haven't seen one at the chance for fresh air. Jessie Lee Home." "The woman of the home is often the beast of burden because the old (Enter girl from England.) chief says that she can do twice as SPIRIT :-"In England their Christmuch as a man. mas celebration is all centered around "The one bright spot in that frozen their Yule-log, which is supposed to land is the Jessie Lee Home at Un- burn from Christmas Eve to New alaska. There are sixty boys and Year's Day. Round this gather all the girls in that home. Some are orphans family and relatives and make merry and some have been deserted by their together." parents and some are too poor to live (Girl Speaks foUowing poem, then any other place. The missionaries gOBS out.) lead lonely lives away from all their friends but they are doing a wonder- AT CHR1STMAS TIME ful work not only for the children in school and the sick in their hospital, At Christmas time the fields are white, but for all the people in the village. And hill and valley are bedight "Christmas time is the greatest time With snowy plendor, while on high of all the year. I will tell you about The black crows Bail athwart the sky, Mourning for summer days gone by At Christmas time.

At Christmas time the air is chill, And frozen lies the babbling rill;

METHODS FOR WORKERS

While sobbingly the trees make moan our customers so we can make money For leafy greeness once their own. to buy you all good warm clothes like For blossoms dead and birdlings flown. American children wear.

At Christmas time. "Your brothers, ever since they have been big enough, have helped their At Christmas time we deck the hall father in the bakery. They carry in With holly branches brave and tall, the great trays from the oven, make With sturdy pine and hemlock bright change and deliver cakes and tonight And in the Yule-log's dancing light they will work 'till 10, 11, 12 o'clock We tell old tales of fields and fight that the Christmas dinner tables will serve our little cakes, rich with At Christmas time. raisins and sugar or the round cakes filled with jelly as red as the holly At Christmas time we pile the board berries. With flesh and fruit and vintage stored, And mid the laughter and the flow "They are such good boys, too. We tread a measure soft and slow, They try to learn in school, but they And kiss beneath the mistletoe are only immigrants and the other boys never invite them to join in their At Christmas time. games or clubs or Boy Scouts or any- thing. We try to be good citizens- 0, God the Father of us all to be honest and to worship the Christ List to the lowliest creature's call: we have learned about. But Oh, we Give of Thy joy to high and low" are so lonely! Comforting the sorrowing in their woe: Make wars to cease and love to grow "I look out of the window and see the happy faces-people hurying home At Christmas time. with arms full of bundles-friends meeting and smiling and wishing each Let not one heart be sad today; other a Merry Christmas, but no one May every child be glad and gay; thinks of us. We have each other- Bless Thou Thy children great and small. God be praised! But we do so long to And may each soul keep festival hear a friendly voice and to know that some one in all this land thinks of us At Christmas time. at Christmas time.

(Enter Mrs. Chzerney – a Bohe- "But listen! I hear children singing mian.) Christmas carols. They are coming nearer and nearer. Can it be they are SPIRIT: – "Here we have Mrs. coming to us 1" Chzerney, One of the immigrants, who have come to our shores. Let us hear (Carol in distance.) what Christmas means to her." (Two children who have been sing- ing off stage enter and give presents MRS. CHZERNEy:-"What a dreary, to Mrs. Chzerney and her two chi!- lonely Christmas Eve, my children! dren.) We are living in a Christian land, but not one of Christ's people ever says a GIRL WHO HAS BEEN SINGING SAYS: friendly word or reaches out a friendly -"We bring to you these little gifts hand. to make you feel you are living in a land among Christ's people and to wish "Over in Bohemia, the Christmas you a Merry Christmas." bells are ringing tonight and that is still home to me. MRS. CHZERNEy:-uGod is good to "We came here, my children, because us and all is well." we heard that in this country, you (Enter-Bedoin boy and girl tomight have a chance. But I guess we'll never be anything but just that gether.) 'German baker – Chzerney – and his family.' We have to work so hard, too. SPIRIT: – "These are Bedoin chil- We brought with us receipts for Bo- dren whose home is a tent in the wide. hemian Christmas cakes that have wide desert of Arabia. been baked by our people for hundreds of years and have been served to kings.

"Everybody wants our Christmas cakes this year and we have worked day and night to bake enough for all

(Boy wearing on head white cloth follow the rugged path from Jerusacap—only other dress visible is loose lem, once trodden by the wise men bro'Um coat hanging below knees-legs from the East who sought the newand feet bare.) born King in his manger cradle. We enter the city of Bethlehem and plod Boy:-HMy name is Achnet and this up the hill till we reach the eastern is my sister Fatima. We live where brow of the ridges. On the south side it is always warm and the sun shines. is one of the oldest Christian build- We have never seen it rain. Our home ings in the world, the Church of the is a tent on an oasis and when the Nativity. The entrance to the church springs dry up we move on to another is so low that one stoops to enter. We one. Our food is chiefly meat, cakes pass through the nave of the church to and dates and goat's milk. I have a the sanctuary, then down a flight of little colt, which lives in the tent with narrow stone steps to the cavern. me. When we are both older I hope he will carry me to the city where A silver star is set into the pavement people do not Jive in tents. When we surrounded by the inscription, which travel, we use camels, putting our tents translated is, 'Here of the Virgin and all our household utensils on their Mary Jesus Christ was born.' Above backs and we travel mostly before day- in the recess, hang many lamps of light as it is too hot during the day- gold and silver, which burn continuwe sleep then." ally. Pilgrims by scores and hundreds throw themselves on the pavement to FATIMA:-HWe never have to worry kiss the stones. The beautiful digniwith copy books and numbers as the fied service is held at midnight and it little American children do, but Oh, stirs the emotions. we have to work so hard even little as I am. 1 have to gather firewood and (Enter woman to tell Christmas churn butter by shaking it backward story.) and forward in a goatskin. Then my mother and father beat me for slight SPIRIT :-HListen, you are about to offenses, which would be all right for hear a Christmas story." my brother to do but then, I am only a girl. Won't you send someone to tell Use "Why the Chimes Rang," or any us of the love of Jesus, which makes other suitable one. At its close carols mothers love their girls as well as are heard outside. Spirit goes off as their boys ?" carols begin.

(Exit.) (At end of carols Mrs. Shopper (Enter woman from Jerusalem.) wakes with a stfLrt.) SPIRIT:-HNow that Jerusalem is again in the hands of Christians we MRS. SHOPPER :-"1 must have gone are doubly interested in their celebration of the Festival of the Nativity." to sleep and those carols wakened me. WOMAN :_HIt is evening in J eru- What a dream I have had. It breaks salem, the stars come out, one by one; my heart when I think of the selfish the cool breeze comes in from the hills just as it did that beautiful night way 1 have spent Christmas. If the when the shepherds heard the first dear Lord grants me another year to Christmas hymn two thousand years live, 1 will show him that 1 have ago. learned how really to celebrate His HWe women take off our beautiful birthday in a way that I am sure will bead necklaces and bracelets, cover be more pleasing to Him, for He said, our garments with a white veil and in little companies join the great 'In as much as ye do it unto the least throng that is going to Bethlehem of these, ye do it unto me.' I know five miles away. All Christmas Eve pilgrims from all parts of the world now that the true joy of Christmas is in giving to His little ones, not only money but the service of a glad heart. I am going to call the Deaconess and go to her rescue at once."

(Close with Christmas carol in the distance.)

WOMAN'S HOME AND FOREIGN

FEDERATION OF WOMAN'S BOARDS OF FOREIGN MISSIONS AND COUNCIL OF WOMEN FOR HOME MISSIONS WORLD DAY OF PRAYER-1929 the meeting was held in the home of a sick woman whose bed was spread on THEME: the floor in the corner and who took part in prayer and speaking. All were "That They All May Be One" impressed by the service and sent greetings to other women who were It has been a wonderful evening joined with them in prayer. Enthusi- astic reports of gatherings in the Mt. spent in reading scores and scores of Hermon district have been received. letters from many lands telling of the blessing and inspiration of the World We trust that as a result of these meet- Day of Prayer, February 15, 1929. It ings there will come new earnestness is becoming literally true that through in prayer and in working for nonprayer the "whole round earth" is be- Christian neighbors."

ing "bound by gold chains about the PERSIA feet of God." We have learned of meetings held in the following coun- "We planned for two services in Teheran (11 to 12 a. m. and 2 to 3 tries: p. m.), held in the prayer room, the assembly room of the Persian church. Japan Turkey Africa About 100 women attended each serv- ice and six nationalities were repre- China Syria Nova Scotia sented and had a part in the program -Armenians, Hebrews, Zoroastrians, Korea Hungary Canada Assyrians, Moslems, Americans-'all one now in Christ Jesus.' As far as Philippine Poland Alaska possible we followed the general pro- gram translated into Persian. In the Islands Germany United afternoon Fatima Khanum, one of the strongest converts from Islam, New Zealand Austria States gave an account of her conversion, which stirred to the depths all pres- Australia Switzerland Mexico ent. In the noon interval, 100 women sat down together to a simple dinner Siam France Brazil of rice, stew and bread, in the large room of the elementary school. All Burma Holland British India England Guiana Persia Scotland Hawaii There are possibly others from which we have not heard. In some lands the thought has been new and only a few small groups have met on that day, while in many other lands the observance is increasing rapidly each year. Beginning in the Orient it was true that "from the rising of the sun to the going down of the same,"

the Lord's name was praised.

Glimpses Into Many Praying Groups sat on the floor, which added to the informality and good cheer of the oc- It is painful to cull mere snatches casion. It meant much to us at the from letters and reports which scintillate with such intense interest. morning service to know that for sev- eral hours in the Far East our Chi- SYRIA nese and Japanese sisters had already "The program was translated into been lifting hearts and voices in Arabic. In many towns programs prayer and praise; it meant much at were distributed in homes the day be- the afternoon service to feel that in a fore the meeting and an invitation few hours women in America would given. At Judeideh the principal ex- gather and remember us in Persia. A cused the advanced class in high school great blessing was ours in getting toto attend the meeting. At Khiam gether and in sharing the larger fel- 869

lowship of the Christian women of been expressed to have such a meetour world." ing not only once a year but more often." "We observed the Day of Prayer meeting in the Armenian church at SCOTLAND 1: 30 p. m. It had previously been planned by a committee co:nposed of "The meetings were well attended three Armenian ladies, two Persian and inspiring. The hope was exladies and one missicnary. They se- pressed that another year more groups lected their own leaders, planning and might be formed to meet for prayer." carrying out details. We felt a close tie with our sisters the world over during NEW ZEALAND those three hours of prayer and meditation. We represented many different "Many reports have come in; each nationalities, Persians, Arme::Iians, Assyrians, Jews, Americans, all meet- one breathes a message of thanksgiving together as one in Christ Jesus. It was all conducted in Persian except ing for mighty uplift and blessing retwo prayers in Armenian and two or three hymns sung by the Armenians. ceived. Our prayer meeting, divided I wish you could have listened to them. As I was walking home with one of into three sessions, was an inspirathe Jewish women after the meeting, she said what an inspiration it had tion; we shall never have any trouble been to meet all together. One lady expressed a wish for a similar meet- in arranging for another. Representaing weekly. tives of eight denominations were "At the meeting in Hamadan on February 15, 1929, much time was present. The inspirational value was spent in prayer, asking God to establish His Church in this country, to evident to all and the hope was exraise strong revivals in the Persian land, and to give full freedom for pressed that simill.lr meetings would those who are converted from Islam, so that they may work freely for their be held." . country and people, and set free the women of Moslem lands. The meeting "As we took part in, the worldwide closed with new pledges of good will and promises to work for Christ in the bond of prayer, we felt we were one coming year." with the great unseen army of inter- HOLLAND cesso·rs in all lands, who are part of "I translated the program adapting it to the needs of our country. As it the same great human family, whose was the first time the Day was observed, we did not expect large re- need is God. Already we are planning sponse, so began with printing 500 programs. After a few weeks 5,000 for next year's meeting." had been distributed up and down the countryside. In 50 different places a These are but a few of the heartenmeeting W88 held. The way many ing messages which have come from women from different churches and walks of life have responded to this all over New Zealand-from cities, call seems to be a sign of real need, of which we were too little conscious country towns, and from the twos and before. In some places the wish has threes in faraway outposts.

AFRICA "We began preparations to observe the Day in the Cameroun over a month previous by giving to the teachers of the schools for women around the Sakbayeme, and to the leaders of morning prayers in the villages, the verses of Scripture that were to be said in unison, so that they might teach them to the women. One woman learned and prayed one of the prayers; another read the seventeenth chapter of John. Four school girls sang a quartette.

"At Nkona there were 250 women present. To quote the evangelist, 'They were very happy to be called with other women to pray.' They asked, 'Will there be another such meeting this year?'

WOMAN'S HOME AND FOREIGN BULLETIN

"Another meeting was held across that Jesus said, 'Where two or three the river at 2 o'clock, as then the are gathered together in my name, women would have returned from there am I in the midst of them.' " their gardens and as the drum for the afternoon session of school beats they MEXICO could know definitely the time of day. About 150 women quietly gathered. ."The Day in Pueblo was most in- It seemed as if there was added dig- spiring, of great spiritual uplift. nity in their bearing. Consciousness 'That all may be one' was the thought that they were an integral part of the presented before the Throne of praying women of the world made Grace. Race, color, social position them forget their color, their feeling were forgotten as all knelt and poured of inferiority, forget themselves in out their hearts before the Lord." the thought that they were one with all God's children, praying for the "The Christian women of the Fedselfsame things, saying the same eral District held a union service in words, singing the same hymns. The the Balderas church. The program day brought blessing to each of us." was followed with all reverence. This service of communion with one an- "At Efulan many took part in the other and with our kind Heavenly meeting; all expressed appreciation Father made a deep impression upon that they had been remembered." us all, and in our hearts there was a feeling of holy joy." "We thank you for including us in this Day of Prayer. We have been CHINA very much helped by it. There were 687 women present at our meeting at "Our churches are not heated ordi- Okon." narily, but for this meeting at Shen- chow we arranged for three braziers "The program was condensed, of charcoal fire around which about 50 adapted and sent to mission stations women gathered. We had a baby orof all denominations in Sierra Leone; gan to help with the singing. On the 11 reports have been received. The walls were pictures of women and chil- Day was observed, no doubt, in other dren of other nations." places not reported. It was suggested that the offering be used for paying "At Kaifeng a continuous prayer school fees of children who would service was held from 7 a. m. to 7 p. otherwise be unable to come to school. m. Some fasted one or two meals of This suggestion was taken kindly and the day. We had some big problems the Bonthe women went the second to bring to God." mile in undertaking the support of a girl at Moyamba. The women of "It was most interesting to see the Sierra Leone are gradually coming interest the younger women took in into their heritage." the service in Peking. Everybody en- joyed working together for it and felt "We had a very fine service in Free- inspired by knowing they were a part town; the women responded so well of a great body of women all over the there was no pause between prayers. world meeting in prayer to God." Everyone Bang heartily. The pastor led in prayer and then the women "Four Chinese women at Weihsien prayed one after the other most earn- formed themselves into a committee. estly." They decided everything, even to what man should be invited to keep up the "With rocks as seats and the canopy fires in the large church building, of a mango tree between us and the what women should serve tea to those sky, three of us missionaries observed who would remain over for the afterthe World Day of Prayer near the noon meeting, and who should take peak of Mt. Leicester. Our attend- care of the children for the day. This ance was small, but we remembered latter was delegated to the husbands and some school girls. There has been a distinct growth in interest in

giving the Gospel to others since our gram was given in English, part in meeting. The collection was a good Visayan. We made our own posters one and was given to employ an extra and announced our meeting in the dif- Bible woman." ferent services for two weeks before the meeting. The women were seated "At least 200 women gathered for in groups in the chapel, each group the service at Hengchow. To make having its banner." more vivid the idea that women all over the world were joining at the INDIA same time in a great volume of prayer, a group of young school teachers and "Under the shade of palm and others worked out a simple pageant, shisam trees, the Christian women of each wearing the costume of a given Mainpuri met to pray. A very imnation. Each told something of the pressive part of the afternoon proprogress of Christianity in the coun- gram was the prayers for all nations, try she represented, followed by the last prayer being one of special prayer." thanksgiving for all mothers through- out the world who had dedicated their "The various churches united in one sons and daughters to the service of big union meeting here in Changsha. the Lord." We followed the program suggested; had many denominations represented, "The service was truly an impresas well as nationalities. Changsha sive one at Sangli; the women enhas a variety of missions. There are tered thoroughly into the spirit and English, Germans, Nor w e g ian s , thrill of the observance of being part Swedes, and Americans; all took part of what Christian women were doing on the program. A splendid spirit of all round the globe. The offering infellowship and unity was manifested; cluded not only money, but three live more than 300 people were present." chickens, some grain, some peanuts. We all felt greatly uplifted by this PHILIPPINES service."

"The Day was observed among the "The program was put into the ver- Tagalog speaking people. It was in- nacular, somewhat adapted to India. deed inspiring to see the response It has been printed in our vernacular which the churches made. The offer- paper, the Sahayak Patrika, which ings went for work in Africa. We circulates among about 40 missions in want the folks there to know that it India." was a joy for us to give and that this money is only a token of the love and "In Guntur we began the day in the interest for their work which was born Mangalamandiram with prayer and in our hearts on the World Day of closed it at the Y. W. C. A. with Prayer." prayer. The program prepared in Telugu was distributed. We had a "The Day was observed in Ilocos meeting at the hospital chapel at Norte and Sur provinces and offerings noon; there was one at the Stall taken for work which the churches in School at the same time. At the close these districts support in the moun- of the afternoon meeting I asked the tains among pagan tribes. From all women what message I should send reports the programs were very worth- you. They said in one voice, 'Send us while in all the churches where they material for next year without fail, as were held. New spiritual life was we liked this program very much.' " awakened in the hearts of many, a world-wide interest and vision." "Yesterday was another great day for Kodoli district. The fact that all "The Mothers' Club, Christian En- the world of Christian women were deavor societies, Bible school women, using the same hymns, same Scripture nurses from the hospital and the Lola- made a wonderful impression on our litas of Silliman took part in the serv- Indian sisters. The offering of money, ice at Dumaguete. Part of the pro-

WOMAN'S HOME AND FOREIGN BULLETIN

eggs, peanuts and Kaffir corn, was WORLD DAY OF PRAYER AT given for work in Tibet." KOllOLI. INDIA " 'The whole round earth' was certainly bound by gold chains about the that everyone who had part received feet of God' on the World Day of a special spiritual blessing. In Oliveira Prayer. Our little corner in Dehra our whole congregation came and took Dun, we earnestly hope, formed a very part and we felt the Spirit with us. golden link of that chain which united Although the women put it on, much us at the feet of God, where all are one propaganda was made for all-men, in Christ." women and children-to attend and it seemed the churches were full at one JAPAN hour or another on that day. It was fine to know the whole world was at "The programs were a great bless- prayer." ing to our work here, both last year and this. We had translated and BRITISH GUIANA adapted the program, and the women entered into the spirit of it with great "Our meeting here at New Amsterearnestness. It was a new, rich expe- dam was indeed wonderful. Since the rience to them, and they were enthusi- women here can not get out during astic over continuing to observe the the day, except on Sunday, we held a Day regularly." meeting on the evening of the 15th. It did not look very promising all that "Yesterday saw our first celebra- day, as it rained most of the time, but tion of the Day here in Hiroshima. around six o'clock the sky cleared and The program was translated into J apa- the stars and moon shone with all the nese and copies sent to the various brilliancy of a tropical sky, so people churches. We began preparation were able to come out in quite a good early in the week by explaining it in number. Many races were represented the different Bible classes, and by post- -Negroes, East Indians, Portuguese. ing notices and verses of Scripture. Members of different churches-Meth- The response on the part of the stu- odist, Canadian Presbyterian, Scotch dents was the thing that pleased me Presbyterian, Congregational, Lumost. All were impressed by the fact theran, Salvation Army-took part in that they were taking part in a world the program, which consisted of short movement, and that they of Japan talks on the objectives of the Day, and really had the privilege of leading off prayer, which was emphasized the in a worldwide chain of prayer." most, of course. It was really an in- spirational meeting and it did create KOREA a spirit of unity between all the Christian churches in this town. We "February 15th we gave up classes all felt as if we were one Church, as to join with the women of the church we are, inde"!d all one in Christ." in the World Day of Prayer. The meeting lasted from 11 to almost 3, SIAM with no signs of restlessness, so we kept on without the intermissions we "For the first time our women at had expected to have between differ- Chiengmai observed the World Day of ent topics. The bell rang each hour, though, so that those who could not come for it all, came for part. Such earnest prayers!"

BRAZIL "Five spiritual meetings were reported. Some divided the program into three meetings-8 a. m., 12 noon, and 7 p. m.- so that a larger number could attend. All emphasized the fact

Prayer. It was a beautiful service, was a great success; a real spiritual entirely in the hands of the Siamese uplift came from this effort. It was women. The program was practically an all-day program with an interval the same as was used in America." of about twenty minutes at noon. The nearness of those who were praying CANADA all over the world was just thrilling."

"In Toronto several thousand women "Last Friday was a great day in attended the meetings which were held San Francisco, California. More than in 18 churches, 15 or 16 nationalities 1,000 women attended the three-hour being represented in the leadership- service." Swedish, Finn, Indian, Ukranian, Japanese, Bulgarian, Chinese, Rus- "Several denominations in Pensasian, Italian, Dutch, Polish, Hunga- cola, Florida, held a real prayer servrian, Armenian, Macedonian, etc. ice. The colored churches were our Great publicity was given to the meet- guests and were given a part on the ings by the daily press." program-a big step for southern people." Canada has been very successful in enlisting the women living in the scat- "We had nearly 100 in our meeting tered rural communities and many of at Minot, North Dakota; 40 nurses the most precious meetings have been from a local hospital attended. The those where there have been but the meeting in the afternoon had groups "twos and threes." from six or seven denominations."

UNITED STATES "We observed the day at Winterset, Iowa, in cottage prayer meetings in Reports have been received from twelve homes." meetings held in every state. In New York the women of the five boroughs "Our Day of Prayer at EI Paso, in Greater New York, which includes Texas, was a wonderful day and cumu- Brooklyn and Staten Island, came to- lative in power. The auditorium was gether in 30 different churches. filled. The decorations at the noon Women of many denominations, many luncheon featured the nations, with nationalities, and different races wor- women in costume. American flags on shipped together. One borough re- the platform and lighted candles on ported at least 10 different nationali- white pedestals at each station around ties at the meetings, and prayers were the room illustrated 'prayer around offered in a number of languages. the world.''' Many groups of young people participated. Between 7,000 and 8,000 copies "The ladies of the missionary socieof a special "Call to Prayer to the ties of Billings, Montana, look forward Youth of the World" were distributed to this time each year when we all in young people's groups. Still an- meet together in prayer." other feature was a children's service held at the same hour as the women's Jackson, Tennessee, had a fine meetmeeting, but in a neighboring church. ing with all faiths represented. The "Shut-ins" had been provided with Catholic priest commended the plan programs so they could follow the and purpose of the meeting and the service. Sisters gave it publicity.

Mrs. D. E. Waid, of the Council of In order that mothers of young Women for Home Missions, conducted children might be in attendance at the morning devotions over WEAF and meeting in Phrenix, Arizona, special allied stations. The radio was also nurses were provided to have charge utilized in other cities all over the of the children. United States. Supplies for March 7, 1930 "The union meeting in which the churches of Joliet, lUinois, cooperated. THEME: "That Jesus May Be Lifted Up"

We are especially happy over the

WOMAN'S HOME AND FOREIGN BULLETIN

JEAN PAx'rON IDSPERANZA HELEN KIM MRS. S. S. HOUGH ABELLERA materials* for this observance because Introducing Our Friends of content, authorship and attractive appearance. It is a very real joy to Mrs. S. S. Hough, Chairman of the have the Program the product of Joint Committee on World Day of Korea, the cycle of prayer on the Prayer since January, 1925, was, as "Call" from the Philippines, and the Mrs. Albert, a missionary to Africa Service of Consecration by an Ameri- for three and a half years. After the can. death of her husband, returning to this country she served for nine years The "Call" is for daily use begin- as editor of the women's missionary ning immediately. There are little periodical of her denomination, until seals to be utilized on all correspond- she married Mr. Hough. For the past ence from now until the Day, and a two years she has been president of poster to be conspicuously displayed in the Women's Missionary Association churches, stores, offices. of the United Brethren in Christ. She is a member of the Executive Commit- Accompanying the program, "That tees of the Federation and Council. Jesus May Be Lifted Up," there is a picture sheet depiciting the four proj- Miss Helen Kim, Dean of Women, ects assigned for free will offerings Ehwa Haktang College, Seoul, Korea, on the Day. Suggestions for leaders who made the main draft of the 1930 are with the program, and suggestions program, came to Ehwa Haktang, for leaders of the Service of Conse· Seoul, when a very little girl. A scholcration will be found in that booklet. arship was secured for her, and this, together with her own self-help Looking Unto Jesus through such work as ringing the bell for prayers, classes and meals, pro- A Service of Consecration with vided for her board and room. She was above title has been prepared by Miss graduated from Ehwa High School; Jean Paxton to be used by the local took her Post Graduate in Ohio Wesleaders and committee in charge in leyan University, Delaware, Ohio. preparation for the World Day of She was a delegate to the Pacific Re- Prayer or by the whole group at a lations Conference in Honolulu, Hapreliminary service on the Day. waii, and to the Jerusalem Conference.

Based upon the Messages fom the Miss Esperanza Abellera, who pre- Jerusalem Conference, all study pared the "Call to Prayer," is the groups will find it very helpful used daughter of a Filipino pastor who gave in connection with the books on "The up a teaching position at 100 pesos a World Mission of Christianity." month to preach for 30 pesos. He was the founder of the first United Church *'fhe program is 2 cents, $1.75 per 100; of the Islands. While away from home the SerViCe of Consecration, 10 cents. only two Esperanza wrote to her father: "You being needed for a meeting; the "Call" is free; have prayed that one of your children poster. 10 cents; seals. $1.75 pf'r 1,000. 25 cents per 100. All supplies should be ordered from denominational beadquarters.

might follow you into the ministry; I of the Church. Through the Boards had a long struggle between my way the message will go out to the utterand God's, and God won." She has most parts of the earth. It has algraduated from the University of the ready gone through the countries of Philippines, taken her Master's work Europe. All around the world women at Columbia and at present is studying are summoned to the Day of Prayer, for her degree of Doctor of Philos- March 7, 1930, to ask that this power ophy. may be given again, knowing that the condition is witnessing for Him. We Miss Jean Grigsby Paxton is a mem- ask all Christian women and girls to ber of the staff, Foreign Division of join in this spiritual fellowship and to the National Board, Young Women's begin even now to pray that there may Christian Associations of the United be a great awakening of the Spirit States. She was in Canton, China, for among all women everywhere. a term as secretary of the Young Women's Christian Association there. The topic for our World Day of Prayer this year of Pentecost, 1930, A World Fellowship of Ohristian is "That Jesus may be lifted up." How can He be lifted up without our * Women human hands? How can He be made known to these who have never heard, By MRS. HENRY W. PEABODY without our voice? And so we come ourselves, pledged to new consecration, We have read of the Day of Pente- pleading for a new vision of the cost and of the birthday of the Chris- world's need and a new vision of the tian Church which we love. We have world Saviour, pledged to witnessing realized that they were not all great and testimony in our word and life leaders, highly educated men and and deed which shall go on and on women, but very simple peasant work- until the last woman has been reached ing people who followed Jesus, who through this World Fellowship of Himself was a carpenter. After He Christian Women. left them they remembered His last message, "All power is given unto me It does not mean an offering of in heaven and in earth; . . . ye shall money; it must be done very simply, receive power after that the Holy as they did it long ago, but there must Spirit is come upon you, and ye shall be this power of the Holy Spirit and be my witnesses both in Jerusalem, there must be a dedication of life and and in all Judea and Samaria, and un- a new realization of the need and the to the uttermost part of the earth." power of the message.

As we think of those insignificant Suppose we all begin now to pray. Some of us have taken the very first groups, opposed by the great estab- waking hours in the morning to pray for a fresh outpouring of the Holy lished Jewish bodies, derided by the Spirit, forming a great fellowship of prayer. Then suppose we read again cultured rulers, going from village to very carefully the life of Jesus in His Gospels, and also the Acts of the village, poor, unsupported, carrying Apostles. For God is asking us for a new book of Acts of Women Apostles. the message-for they did not have Women must go, in the main, to women. Suppose we find our message, the New Testament or the Gospels, as the old, old story, and begin to give it and live it in a World Fellowship of we have them, only their contact with Christian Women. It could change the the Lord and with those who had seen whole face of the world and could him-there is no accounting except bring again the fervor of Pentecost.

that this promised Spirit came in power and so they carried the Word men and women, young and old. '

We have proposed that we Christian women form a spiritual union, without additional organization, to observe this 1900th anniversary of the beginning * Leafl.(-lt may be Pl'oclll'pd frum the Fj~dera­ tion or Council.

AMERICA these art products will be made

children, by Indians, and by peons. It C. E. Among Lepe…. is through art that the Mexican peo- ple express their genius and soul. PORTO RICO has its share of lep- rosy, although the disease is not Following the receipt of the "Friendspreading and does not form a major ship School Bags" ten lessons on interdanger to the lives of the people. The national good will were introduced into known cases, about 50, are isolated in Mexico's regular school curriculum. a modern colony maintained by the insular government. The evangelical A third American project will be the churches of the island, realizing the sending of a friendship symbol to Filiimportance of some Christian work pino children, to be called a "Treasure among those confined in the various Chest," into which will go various arstate institutions grouped around Rio ticles that all children enjoy and at Piedras, called a seminary graduate to least one book.

give his whole time to this work. The two institutions which claim the major An Indian Story part of his time are the leper colony MR. L. L. LETGERS, field repreand the tubercular sanitarium. In sentative of the Indian Mission both of these his work has been most of America, tells the following Indian acceptable and has produced fine re- story: "I shall not forget Anselmo, a sults. But among the lepers the work Guatemala Indian, a weak old man is more spectacular. Here, according with most of his lower teeth gone. I to the management, the question of can see him walking along. In his discipline has completely changed. right hand he carried a little Deitz Much more liberty is now being given lantern. In one pocket of his coat a to the patients with fewer breaches of bottle of oil, and in a little sack his confidence and trust. Out of a total of Bible and Testament. I said, 'Ansel- 50 patients, 39 belong to the Christian mo, why do you carry that lantern?' Endeavor Society. – Christian Cen- He said to me, 'I am getting old; I tury. cannot sleep well at night, and when I awaken I light my lantern and I can Friendship With Mexican Children read my Bible and sing praises to my L AST year, children of the United Saviour." States stretched hands across the On one of my trips to Guatemala, Rio Grande in friendly gesture by Mr. Burgess asked me whether I would sending Mexico's children 30,000 give a few Indian men special lessons school bags. This courtesy is now to in soul winning. While speaking I be reciprocated. Dr. Moises Saenz, turned to the old man and said, "Tell Assistant Minister of the Mexican Ed- me, Anselmo, how many have you led ucational Bureau, tells of the forma- to Jesus this year (this was about the tion in Mexico of a National Com- twelfth of February)?" The old man's mittee on World Friendship Among face fell. He said, "Ah, Senor, very Children, which is planning to send, few." I said, "Tell me, how many have before the end of this year to each you led to Jesus this year?" He said, state in the United States an exhibit, "There are not more than thirty."

representative of the artistic handi- Early in July of that year I received craft of the Mexican people. Many of a letter from the old man and it con- 877

bined a list of 144 whom he had led ance with the textbooks approved by to Jesus before the first of July. Aft- the Ministry of Education.

er the meeting Anselmo asked me to What this law will mean to the go with him to a place where he had Evangelical Mission Schools in Peru been working among the Mam Indians. cannot yet be determined. It would He had a group of young folks he had appear that under it no Protestant been teaching and they had never had child can receive a Protestant educa- an opportunity to make confession of tion in any school in Peru. At best, their faith to anyone who seemed to he can only be excused from Catholic them to have authority. instruction. Meanwhile Protestant The old man had them come to us missionaries are meeting in Lima and individually, and while standing before elsewhere for conference and prayer.

us they made their profession of faith and said, after telling the things that Protestantism in Brazil P they believed, "I have received Jesus ROTESTANTISM in Brazil is com- posed of two great groups, one of Christ as my personal Saviour." German churches and the other of na- This old Indian is the only witness tive. The latter constitute 340 parfor Christ in a tribe of 200,000.- ishes with 33,000 members and 190,000 American Indian Stories. children attending Sunday-schools.

Hospital for Costa Rica These churches belong to different de- nominations, each one of them pub- WORK in the Hospital Clinico Bib- lico in Costa Rica was inaugurated lishing a periodical for its members. on July 14th with appropriate ceremonies. Representatives of all classes of The Episcopalians, with 25 churches society were present. The hospital is and 20 pastors, publish the Estandarte divided into three sections: surgical Christao; the Methodist Episcopal clinic, maternity clinic, and children's clinic, the first two for paying patients, with 83 churches and 70 pastors, the the receipts going to the upkeep of Expositor Christao; the Baptists with the children's free clinic. 212 churches and 129 pastors, the Jor- nal Ba.pti!Jta; the Presbyterians with The operating room is admirably 128 churches and 80 pastors, the Puriequipped with a complete sterilizing tano; the Independent Presbyterians outfit, unequalled in the entire country. In the children's clinic there are cots with 84 churches and 22 pastors, the for thirty children. Semana Eva:ngelica and the Congrega- tionalists publish the 0 Christao.- Renacimiento (Lima, Peru).

In a visit of courtesy, the President Bush Negroes of Surinam of Costa Rica, Hon. Gonzalez Viquez, cordially expressed his interest in the MR. FISCHER of the Moravian effort to lower the infant mortality, Church in Surinam tells somethe official figures being 50% of chil- thing of his experiences on a trip up dren under five years and 33% under the Cottica River to visit the Bush one year. Negroes. He writes: Crisis in Peru "Many of the young people are weary of their heathen religion. They A DIFFICULT situation has arisen have thrown away all amulets and oth- in Peru owing to the passing of er heathen objects usually worn by a new law prohibiting the teaching of their people, and they no longer take any doctrine opposed to the state re- part in the heathen dances. We see ligion in any public or private school, the glory of God in the lives of people and decreeing that moral and religious who have come out of heathenism into education shall be given, subject to the the Christian life. To none is the plans, programs, and decrees which the change more apparent than to the heathen people. God often uses the Government may make, and in accord- lives of the converts to witness for

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

Him. What wonderful faith and cour- The Gospels we gave the prisoners of age is imparted by the Holy Spirit to San Stefano, where no stranger is those who are saved. Would to God allowed to land, were accepted with that we in the home churches had the joy. The Director wishes to see you." same courage to witness for God before the unbelieving people of this The Director said : "Your books age !"-The Moravian. have brought peace in this island among our poor criminals. I am glad EUROPE if you have some more books for them." The Director gave him a per- The Missionary Calling mit to visit the cells. The guard un- locked one cell after another and REV. ROBERT FORGAN, of Scot- Signor Santoro spoke to the men and land, has made some observations offered them Gospels. as to the homes and parentage of present day missionaries. Speaking of the Colporteur Santoro distributed three United Free Church, he states: hundred copies of Proverbs and 1,700 Gospels in the three islands which he l. Of the 220 men missionaries visited. about 75 are the sons either of ministers or of missionaries. Leprosy in Europe 2. Of the 214 women missionaries REV. JUSTIN E. ABBOTT, D.D., about 70 are the daughters either of reports a visit made to various ministers or ot missionaries. countries of Europe to gain first hand knowledge of leper problems. His 3. Of the 180 wives of missionaries method was to visit Departments of about 60 are "the daughteJ:s either of Public Health, and gratefully acknowlministers or of missionaries. edges that he was met with unvarying courtesy. Poland, Austria, Hungary 4. During the last twenty-five years and Czechoslovakia were found to have about 40 of our women missionaries no cases, although there were special became wives of missionaries, and laws providing for the handling of quite a large number of these were the such cases. Yugoslavia has 74 known daughters either of ministers or of cases, Italy 226 and Switzerland posmissionaries. sibly as many as 25. Italy has a small leprosarium with about thirty inmates. From these figures it appears that Aside from this, there is no special out of the total of 614 men and women provision for lepers in Italy. . missionaries and wives of missionaries more than 200 have been provided The complete absence of leprosy from the homes either of ministers or from central Europe is accounted for of missionaries-that is, in brief, one- by the fact that none of these counthird of the whole staff. Of this 200 tries have colonies in lands infested it appears that about two-thirds are with leprosy, nor have they any comsons or daughters of home ministers, mercial relations with such countries, and one-third are sons or daughters of as have England, France, Spain, Pormissionaries in the foreign field.-U. tugal and Italy. Dr. Abbott has as F. Church Record. yet been unable to visit Roumania, Bulgaria, Greece and Albania. The Gospels for Italian PrLsoners League of Nations is collecting infor- mation along this line, and supply the I T IS a rule that no visitors are al- following figures: Crete, 400; Cyprus, lowed in the prison, which is built 250; Malta, 249; Roumania, 338. on a big reef of the island of San Adding these incomplete figures to the Stefano. The men there are reputed total for Yugoslavia, Italy and Switthe worst. Two years ago Dr. Pons, zerland, the total known cases reach an Evangelical Christian in Italy, took 1,572 for Central and Southern Euan opportunity Qf sending 500 Gospels rope. to the prison through contractors who supply provisions. Signor Santoro, a colporteur, later saw these men who said, "We have good news for you.

Prohibition in Germany point is made of establishing centers in hot beds of racial friction. T EN years ago the Germans looked upon water as something to run Ne", Pastors for Ru,ssia under a bridge, and to ask for a drink of it was to receive a good laugh. THE second graduating class at the Now, Germany is beginning to won- Lutheran Theological Seminary at der if she can spend three billion Leningrad, Russia, has added fifteen marks annually on alcoholic drink and young pastors to the seventy-nine who hold a place in world affairs. A little serve about 1,000,000 Lutherans in over two years ago a mass meeting was Russia. The ordination of these fifheld in St. Paul's church, at Frank- teen young pastors, two of whom are fort, to consider the question of local Ests ready to preach to Esthonianoption. Questions discussed were: speaking congregations, and all of them splendidly equipped for their 1. The Significance of Local Option service to the church, will permit the for the German Nation. 2. Local Op- retirement of several aged pastors who tion and the German Woman. 3. Lo- should be granted release from activcal Option and German Labor. ity.

Those who are working for tem- Bishop Meyer, of Moscow, in adperance in Germany are divided into two groups. The first organization is dressing the Lutherans of America, in favor of total abstinence and prohibition, the second is working simply writes: . for temperance, or moderate drinking. Also, the leaders are unable to collect "Not being able today to go into funds to promote the cause, but un- detail, I -CRn report to you only in questionably the nation is alert to the general that the condition of the progress of prohibition in other lands. church and of the congregations is growing worse all the time. Thus we The "y" in Czechoslovakia are looking upon it as a special grace of God that we were able to increase AMONG the 13% million people in the number of pastors in our church by these graduates of the Leningrad .tl. Czechoslovakia are seven lead- Seminary. This was the more neces- sary because a number of former pasing races, one half Czechs and three- tors have become feeble and unable to fourths Roman Catholics. The Prot- work. Thus it is fortunate that the estants, next largest element, number supreme church council is in a position about 8%. These include Czech Breth- to fill gaps. Our congregations appreren, Lutherans, Calvinists, Methodists ciate the fact that our fellow believers and Moravians. made it possible through their gifts to take care of the training of these The Young Men's Christian Associ- young pastors. If that had not been ation was at work in this country be- the case our congregations would be in fore the war, but it was then a church a still worse position." organization, weak in membership and in program. Its chief aim was to keep AFRICA the youth in the churches, and to protect them from the destructive influ- Algiers Mission Band ences of society. Following the war, the whole program has changed to em- MISS HELEN FREEMAN, pioneer phasize the idea of service, based on worker of the Algiers Mission the belief that individuals and nations Band, says that there is very little have a mission to fulfil; character ground in all the world that has been training; Christianity in daily life; so soaked with martyr blood as North cooperation and self-discipline. The Africa, and that present day service "Y" stands aside from church con- there is a "work of retrieval." flicts; and has found one of its chief services in acting as a link between In 1888 Miss I. Lilias Trotter and national groups. In fact, a special her friend Miss Haworth settled

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among the Moslems of Algiers. Three the Moslems have taken to reading, years previously the North Africa Mis- and as they read they realize that they sion had opened its first station. Be- themselves and Islam are behind the fore then Mohammedanism had re- times and want to be brought up to mained for centuries unchallenged, and date. The EI-Azhar University in it was only after nineteen years of Cairo, the stronghold of Islam, has gradual growth that a society was or- purchased a thousand copies of the ganized under the name of the Algiers Bible in Arabic and a thousand copies Mission Band. Today it has fourteen of the New Testament. They have stations, with thirty-five missionaries. done it to compare the Christian Scrip- The Band has for its. aim "the evan- tures with the Koran, but the sword gelization of the Arabic-speaking Mos- of the Spirit has entered the heart of lems of Algeria, with special emphasis Islam.-Blessed Be Egypt.

on the needs of the practically un- touched peoples of the South." Miss Missions to Use Inventions Trotter's ambition was to push ever AGERMAN missionary, Father further and further into the desert, Schulte, of the Roman Catholic where some of the oases support popu- Missionary Society, a former aviator, lations that run into the thousands. proposes to use automobiles, airplanes, Intolerant Egypt motor boats, motorcycles and radio for the prosecution of missionary work in EGYPT professes to include in her Africa. He strongly advocates the un- constitution liberty of religion, limited exploitation of modern technibut in actual fact, this is not true. cal devices in connection with carrying Bishop Gwynne, of the Anglican the Gospel to the darker regions of the church in Egypt and the Sudan, re- earth and believes that the use of aircently reported to the Near East planes and other modern agencies of Christian Council that two women con- locomotion would accelerate and simverts of the Egypt General Mission plify the work of missionaries in unwere "by the order of the Moslem re- cultivated regions. ligious courts forced back to their fa- Captain Herman Koehl, the transatnatical relatives." "It is estimated," he lantic flier, with Colonel James Fitzsaid, "that about 400 Copts become maurice, one of his companions in the Moslems in Egypt every year-every flight of the Bremen, has placed himprovision is made for their reception self at the service of the society in into the faith of Islam; but when connection with its proposed aviation these two Moslem women wished to service in Africa, where it is intended openly confess Christianity, justice is to establish a missionary base in the refused. A convert on being baptized northern part of the former German is deprived of his patrimony. A wom- Southwest Africa which will be an has no power to change her faith equipped with ten automobiles, three in Egypt. If unmarried, her person motor boats, three airplanes and wirecan be claimed by her father or her less telegraph. The first motor boat, guardian; if married, by her hus- christened Pius XI, has already been band."-Alliance Weekly. shipped.

Well-known German steamship lines Modem'll Read the Bible and automobile and airplane manufac- THERE never was a time when there turers have promised to promote the was such readiness to receive and society's African plans. read the printed page, or when Mos- lems all over the Moslem world were A Gospel Triumph T so eager to possess themselves of HE Mashukulumbwe tribe, south of the Kafue River, is one of the most Christian literature and to study it. The unrest in Islam today is un- degraded of Africa. The natives were doubtedly largely due to the fact that slaves to other tribes before the ad- 5

vent of the British government, and the movement more marked. Forward- are noticeable because of the absence looking statesmen visualize a fusion of of upper teeth. They worship the all the great territories under the cow, and so during childhood the upper British Crown stretching from Cape teeth are removed in veneration of this Town northward through the Union of animal. Possibly this tribe has the South Africa, Rhodesia, and Nyasa- most degrading customs of any people. land, into the East African Protector- They have a particularly harmful ates.

method of smoking. A hole is made in If figures may be relied upon, South the ground and filled with tobacco and Africans are very religious. When the other more harmful ingredients. A last census was taken, only 3,203 perlong hollow reed is thrust into the cavity, and a lump of burning charcoal sons in a total population of 1,519,488, placed on top of the tobacco. The na- declared themselves as of "no relitives inhale deeply, and between in- gion." halations take a drink of water. The result is startling, for after a short The largest and most influential time they become intoxicated; and church is the Dutch Reformed, which continued indulgence causes madness. has more adherents than all the rest of the churches put together. Here are The results from preaching the Gos- the figures for the first eight bodies: pel among these people is most remarkable. Two native evangelists have Dutch churches ……. . . . . . .. 383,982 returned from one of their large vil- Anglican . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 294,026 lages after holding meetings for two weeks, and report more than one hun- Methodist. …. . . . … . … . … 102,771 dred conversions. Presbyterian ……………. 74,999 A few years ago a Christian teacher Roman Catholic …………. 61,246 was sent to a large Mashukulumbwe village, the Sodom of this section. At Lutheran ………………. 19,098 first little interest was taken, but soon Baptist ………………… 15,414 a school was established, and regular church services were carried on. Soon Congregationalist ………… 10,598 some began to take a stand for Christ. One day the chief decided that his vil- But the drink traffic is a serious lage should become a Christian village, question, divorce is becoming more common and moral standards are on the downward trend, against all of which the Christian conscience is as- serting itself. A recent Liquor Act embodies many radical reforms.- Christian Herald.

and that he was going to take a strong stand against such things as smoking, The Year in Tanganyika.

witchcraft, polygamy, and child-marri- ALL the stations and most of the outage. Today there is a strong church 1". schools of the Tanganyika Misin this village.–C. E. World. sion report unusually large increases in attendance, both at school and re- Importance of South Africa ligious services. The large school at T HE Union of South Africa is the Kijima has been taxed to capacity, most important white unit on the and the church at Busia can scarcely continent, and seems destined to be- accommodate the congregations which come the determinant of all Africa, assemble. One of the fruits of unin- not only because of the type of its terrupted services has been the bap- people, but because of its vast physi- tism of 57 men and women from the cal resources of soil, minerals and ani- Nera work, 33 at Busia, and 9 at mal life. The million and a half Lohumbo. There were also 182 pro- British, Dutch and other European fessions of faith from the Busia peoples are looking to the north for work. Church offerings were $776.12.

openings, making civilization's ad- By way of illustrating the difficulty vancing line from south to north, and of quoting accurate figures, native the coming of the railroad has made Christians at an out-school gave of

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money, time and material for the last issue of the journal, The Hebrew building of a church about $125, Christian. Writing about this remark- which is not included in the report, able feature of how the land shall be since it did not pass through the reg- governed and supervised, Sir Leven- ular channels. Again, a native teacher son says, in so far as has been com- so faithfully observed Christian char- mitted to it the task of preparing it, ity that frequent travelers stopping the Alliance will pursue the policies of for hospitality consumed all his food said organization to assist the Jews supplies. This represented heavy out- who are in distress, and also will give lay, and cannot be figured in terms of work to the Jews who live in the land real value as Christian testimony.- of their fathers without any discrimi- Inland Africa. nation, whether they have obeyed the commandment of righteousness, or not.

WESTERN ASIA It is 'also planned to build, upon that oil/Intercessory Members" of Union place, homes where Jewish Christians will be able to learn various trades, so THE "Bible Lands Sunday-school that they will be independent. It is Union," believing that many Chris- also their purpose to erect a Jewish tians unable to attend the recent Con- Christian Church, where baptized bevention at Baalbek, Syria, yet were lievers may worship.-Word and vitally interested in its success, ar- Work. ranged for "intercessory member- ships." An intercessory member is one who promises to pray regularly, from Those Persian Rugs K the day of his registration to the close ERMAN is one of the centers of the Persian rug industry. About of the Convention, for its success-success in the sight of God. Such persons 3,000 women and girls work as weavare considered regular members of the ers in this city, toiling nine hours a convention. ' day in winter, eleven in summer. A While the registration fee for those writer in Persia, Old and New says of in attendance was $1.00, intercessory them: "It is not possible for you to members paid fifty cents. This fee was meet in Kerman one weaver who has asked for four reasons: the appearance of a human being. The (1) That they may feel they are majority of the men and women are formally identified with the conven- sallow, abject hunchbacks, with detion, (2) That they may share in the formed legs."

financial responsibility, (3) That dele- Girls are apprenticed as weavers gates may feel they are sustained by when six or seven years old. For this the prayers of many who are present the parents are paid £4 in advance and in spirit though absent in body, (4) £6 or £8 more in instalments during That through this definite association the five years of the apprenticeship.

of delegates and intercessory members The girls themselves receive nothing there may be developed a unity of spir- whatever apart from these payments it which shall prepare the way for an to the parents. At their work the girls advance program of religious educa- sit on a bare, narrow plank without tion in Bible lands. a back to it. T.ley all become more or less deformed, some much more Church :for Jewish Christians than others. Marriage is extremely THE bit of land known as "Abra- dangerous for them, for because of ham's Vineyard," near the city their deformity, normal child-birth is walls of Jerusalem, is now turned over impossible. Except where competent to the "International Hebrew Chris- surgical treatment is provided death tian Alliance." Sir Leon Levenson, is the result in all but a few cases.

President of the Alliance, made note Missionaries of the C. M. S. are min- of the stupendous undertaking in the istering to what is left of these poor

girls after they have woven their fin- Seventeen thousand one hundred and est and best into floor coverings. sixty-nine Christians are reported. Average church attendance totals 6,- Persia is not a Christian country 205, while the average number of comand it is not probable that any of the municants is recorded as 1,889. A' factories where these outrages against good gain was made for the period womanhood are perpetrated are under under review, which was 15 instead the management of professed Chris- of the usual 12 months, owing to a tians, but a large proportion of the change in the system of keeping the output of the factories ultimately records. Baptisms numbered 630 chilreaches the homes of Christian people. dren of Christians and 1,069 converts A boycott of the industry until re- from non-Christians. In addition to forms are effected would be reasonable the fifty-one missionaries, twenty-two and right.-Indian Witness. pastors, 225 elders, 70 Bible women and 143 teachers are engaged in the INDIA AND SIAM work of the church.

Two Significant DocuDlcnt. An unusual column in the Mission Report is headed "Excommunicated." TWO Indian Church Documents have That excommunication is not out-of- recently issued from the press. The date in the group is made clear by the "Confession of Faith, Constitution, entry of 124 in this column. Exactly Rules, and Forms of Procedure" of the one half of the stations excommuni- United Church of Northern India ap- cated one or more members, one conpears in final form as drafted by the gregation thus expelling no fewer than Executive Committee of the General 43 out of a total Christian community Assembly. The book consists of 69 of 418. That some of those pronounced pages analyzed as follows: Confession unworthy to remain in the church of Faith, Constitution, Rules and profit by the stern punishment meted Forms of Procedure, Appendices: A. out to them is shown by the re-admis- Rules of Debate, and B. Forms. The sion to the church of 69, or a number freedom allowed in the Form of Ac- a little more than half as large as the ceptance demanded of all ministers, number excommunicated. – Indian reads as follows: "I receive and adopt, Witness. for substance of doctrine, the Confession of Faith of this Church as based Gwalior's "Conversion Bill" on and in accord with the Word of God. I N Gwalior is a general assembly The other document to which we which meets once a year and makes make reference is the "Proposed suggestions for legislation. The body Scheme of Union" of the Church of presents its requests in the form of India, Burma and Ceylon, The South detailed bills, but it has no power to India United Church, and The South enact laws. That lies with the Council India Provincial Synod of the Wesley- of Regency. In 1928 the general asan Methodist Church. The combined sembly presented a "conversion" bill. totals of baptized and communicants The object of the bill is to prevent any number some 616,199 persons. This person changing his religion because final draft of the scheme of union for of "coercion, undue influence, or mapresentation to the churches concerned terial inducement." It is popularly represents the product of ten years' known as the "minor" bill. It would labor.-Indian Standard. prevent any person between the ages of seven and twenty-one years from Santal Mission of North India changing his or her religion either voluntarily or at the will of the parents THE Santal Mission is aided by or guardians. Children under seven three boards, one in Norway, one would remain under the parents' conin Denmark and one in the United trol in religious matters. Any person States. The missionaries are recruited from each of these three countries, but are organized and work on the field as a single unit.

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over twenty-one desiring to change his ing as lay preachers. Cochin-China religion, would be obliged to intimate reports six self-supporting churches, his intention to a magistrate. The of- with an active church membership of ficer would publish his name and after 2,861. Tithing has been stressed, refifteen days either grant or withhold sulting in increased offerings and more the privilege of change of religion. self-supporting churches. Two members of the Council have stated that the bill is not directed Religious Freedom in Patiala against Christianity. A number agree with them. Others there are whose THE restrictions upon the Gospel opinion on this point cannot be ascer- imposed in some states are untained.-Indian Standard. known in Patiala, premier state in the Punjab. Hindus, Moslems and Sikhs French Indo-China as well as Christians enjoy religious liberty. The Christian Church was es- THE French Indo-China Mission un- tablished here through the work of the der the Christian and Missionary ministers of the Methodist Episcopal Alliance reports encouraging progress Church who first came to the city in in 1928. Protestants are granted full 1890. religious liberty in French territory, but in the Protectorates-Annam, The usual methods of proclaiming Toukin and Cambodia-ancient trea- the truth are followed here. At melas ties which gave religious freedom to and like gatherings Bible portions and Roman Catholics made no mention of religious booklets are sold and tracts Protestants, thus excluding them from are distributed in large numbers. Bethis privilege. However, an epoch- sides this all preachers and a few laymaking event in Annamese Protestant- men sell religious books, especially ism was the audience accorded by the portions of the Holy Scriptures, in the Governor-General at Hanoi, February bazaars of the city and in the weekly 28, 1929, to the Committee of the An- or the bi-weekly bazaars in rural namese Evangelical church. The Gov- places. ernor received them cordially, accepted the copies of the Church Constitution A college has been opened by the given him, and expressed a desire that Maharaja where free tuition is prothis church should enjoy the same lib- vided. Although there is no school erties as the Catholic Church. under Christian auspices, Christian children are not deprived of education- At the close of 1928, ten Annamese al opportunities. The church is lochurches had become entirely self-sup- cated within the bazaar. Every Sunday porting, two new districts had been or- Christians gather at the church and ganized and three candidates were non-Christians are impressed by this ordained early in 1929. A number of congregational worship, A European Annamese workers were imprisoned Police Inspector is one of the most either for distributing Scriptures or loyal and earnest Christians in the for witnessing for Christ, but turned city. On his proposal the church has their affiiction to account by carrying opened a reading room, where relitheir message to fellow prisoners. The gious books, papers and pamphlets are officials, from the highest to lowest, provided for the public.-Indian Witare not in sympathy with the spirit of ness. intolerance which imprisons a man because of the love of God in his heart, Student Catnpaigna in Burma and treat the men leniently, often letting them off with a fine. A JUDSON COLLEGE student, after an evangelistic campaign in the An outstanding feature of the work Karen high school, Rangoon, wrote in in Cambodia has been the organizing regard to the impression on himself: of various leaders into a district committee, and giving them special train- "Every time I go on a Gospel team campaign I feel the real happiness and joy of Christ in me, because I give

myself heart and soul into the hands who used of yore to guard the temple of God; because I continually have gateways with their all-powerful communication between Him and me, swords. praying to make me absolutely pure, honest, unselfish and loving; and be- Missionaries Still Needed cause I myself enjoy doing His work." MR. DAVID YUI, Chinese Christian A college girl wrote: leader, seeking to correct the im- "Now I have the real happiness which pression that the Christian forces of I have never known before in my life. China no longer need the assistance of My heart breaks whenever I think of missionaries, gave the following ex- Jesus' death on the shameful cross. pression of his views at a recent meet- Only now I admit that Christ's life ing of the China Commission: and teaching are the key to all nature and human destiny." "We depend on Christians in other The campaign resulted in forty-four lands to cooperate with us. Enemies baptisms and hundreds of decisions, a of China and the Christian movement large proportion being from Burmese have sought to spread the impression Buddhist homes, but it was thought that the Chinese Christians no longer that the more far-reaching result of feel the need of missionaries. This is a the campaign has been the re-conse- false idea, and if followed would lead cration of the Christian teachers. One to the death of the Christian movement high school teacher testified as follows: in China, as Chinese leadership is not "I have been a sleeping Christian, and strong enough to carryon alone. We up to this time have wasted my life. hope that our Christian friends in Can- When I heard the students pleading ada and in Europe and America will with other pupils to accept Christ, I not fall into the trap that has been laid made up my mind to work for Him." for them by our enemies, but will keep One third year student organized, their eyes open and will do all they trained and led a Gospel team for more can to strengthen the Christian forces than a month, with the result that in China …… I think I represent not more than 300, mcstly Karen Bud- only the views of my Christian friends dhists, expressed their faith in Christ. but also those of many non-Christian Chinese when I say that we shall be CHINA glad to receive back old missionaries to China, and to welcome new mission- Superstition on the Wane aries who may come to help us.. There may have to be some readjustment in T HE Nationalist Move~ent has relationships and in lines of work; but brought many changes to China. such readjustment should not discour- Students have taken an ardent part in age either the return of old missiona campaign against superstition and aries or the recruiting of new ones."- idolatry. Repeated proclamations have The Record. come out in the papers ordering the discontinuance of fortune telling and Foochow Trains Ministers soothsaying. The old formal and superstitious customs connected with T HE Foochow Theological School weddings and funerals are being done opens this month as a Methodist away with and more simple forms es- institution prepared to train preachers tablished. A one time famous temple for all the Conferences in the Fukien in Peiping has become a dump heap. area, with Mandarin as the medium of There is little demand for the sooth- instruction. Rev. Harry W. Worley, sayer who formerly had the last word recently returned from furlough, has in locating a favorable spot for one's been appointed president. Rev. Philip house, setting a favorable marriage S. S. Yu, delegate to general conferday, and choosing by signs a lucky ence, has just returned to the faculty spot for one's last resting place. Even after a year of special study at Drew less popular are the horrifying figures Theological Seminary. Since their re-

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

turn, both of these professors have Iigious writings, and he was able to been in demand as speakers to report get the Gospel to every tent. concerning the attitude and work of the Church in America.-Christian From Shiabden Gomba to Leh was Century. a journey of eighty-nine days. Many terrible snowstorms were encountered A Dream and a Conversion and high winds almost daily. "One entire caravan perished in a storm AWOMAN in the country district in within sight of our camp. We met Taichow, a Buddhist all her 71 Tibetans every day on this long and years, had a dream a few months ago, difficult part of the journey and gave and in the dream found herself in the to them the message of Eternal Life. Christian church at Dazih, where she Tashi-gong is the last and most imporlives; and while there, a man dressed tant monastery in western Tibet. Here in white came up and talked to her. we gave the Gospel to the priests and The next day, the Bible-woman, going to many other Tibetans. All were the rounds of her village, called at this friendly and even sold us food. At woman's house, and told her the Gospel Kargil all animals had to be abanstory. She said: "How strange that doned, as the snow was so deep they you should come and tell me this to- could not get through. For ten days day. Last night I had a dream that I we waded through snow, many times was in the 'Jesus church,' and a man to the waist. We had to face terrible dressed in white came and talked to cold and winds, and our feet and lower me." The Bible-woman said: "The legs were wet most of the time. Many Lord Jesus is evidently calling you and times we were just hanging on to the has sent me to you today that you snow-covered mountainside picking might heed His words." The woman our way along a tiny path where one was greatly impressed, and was quite careless step would have meant· disconvinced that it was the Lord Who aster. One avalanche shot around a had spoken to her, and that He was huge rock just five feet in front of me calling her to follow Him. She imme- but the rock saved me."-S. S. Times. diately acquiesced and believed, and started at once to learn from the Bi- JAPAN-KOREA ble-woman more of the wonderful truths of His love. She gave up all Oooperation Brings Results her Buddhist idolatrous things and attended church regularly every Sunday. THE churches of Japan are discov- Church Missionary Gleaner. ering that the greatest results come from a united front toward the enemy. Pioneering in Tibet An example is the Temperance and Purity Society which, with denomina- MR. V. G. PLYMIRE, of Tangar, tional lines entirely lacking, has been Kansu, China, undertook last year turning in astonishing reports of proga long and dangerous evangelization ress. Hamlets and villages here and journey through Tibet, the first mis- there are voting out liquor, some for sionary ever to make this journey of moral reasons, others with economic 2,437 miles. He reports that many motives. In one case it was in order thousands heard the Gospel for the that a schoolhouse might be built with first time. He distributed 73,396 Bible the savings, and within five years the portions and 46,542 tracts in Tibetan, building was completed and paid for. beside a very large amount of litera- Again, 600 girls of four neighboring ture in Chinese. In a journey from villages formed a league and pledged Tangar to Dsun he passed as many as themselves not to marry men who 192 tents in one day and tried to reach smoke, drink or consort with immoral all with the message. All the men of wqmen. The results in moral improvethe Dsun district were gathered at one ment have been very noticeable, and place for eight days to read their re- the idea is spreading. It is quite sig- nificant that between 1,500 and 1,600

local temperance societies were started and "shells," except for a few maps. in Japan to commemorate the en- The loss in Scriptures was 9,108 un- thronement of an emperor, who uses bound Bibles, 36,448 unbound and 11,- neither liquor nor tobacco. Add to this 600 bound Testaments, and 132,600 the fact that three provincial legisla- portions valued, with some paper and tures have passed regulations provid- binding materials, at within a few yen ing for the abolition of licensed houses of $8,000. The more serious loss in 'of vice at the expiration of present plates and shells included plates for ,contracts, and one can see what a unit- one whole Bible, for six varieties of ed Christian conscience can do toward Testaments, and for eighteen different the realization of Christian ideals in a Gospels and other portions. The loss non-Christian land. In all these pro- of nearly 1,000 pages of freshly set grams of social betterment, a diminu- type for the "nine-point" type refertive Japanese Christian woman is a ence Bible, will amount to nearly $2,- mighty factor, Mrs. 0. Kubiushiro. She 000. is one of the leaders in putting the churches into cooperative harness for The misfortune of the Japan Agenthe social evangelization of Japan.- cy is particularly distressing, as the Christian Century. replacement of the severe losses in- curred in the great earthquake of Sep- Kobe COlILpletes C…..paign tember, 1923, was almost completed.- Bible Society Record. K OBE COLLEGE has successfully completed its $600,000 campaign Grouping Denominations on the date stipulated. This makes available an additional $100,000 from JAPAN has taken the first step tothe Harkness Foundation and will ma- ward grouping denominations. The terially assist Kobe College, which is churches tabulated below are all J apathe oldest college for women in Japan. nese, originally connected with vari- ous missions, sometimes of diverse It was founded in 1875 by the Wom- denominational names. For example, an's Board of the Interior of the Con- the Presbyterian group comprises two gregational Church-now a part of the Reformed Churches, besides the vari- American Board-and represents a ous Presbyterians. venture in international cooperation in the higher education of women of the STAT[STICS FOR 1928 Orient. The college has received official recognition through the commen- Com· Oburcbes Con· dation of the Emperor of Japan and Self·Sup· trlbu· high provincial officials. Its eighteen- mUlll- port- tions acre new campus near Kobe, costing cants Ohurches ing Yen $75,000, was purchased by the Japa- presbyteri an (or) nese graduates, who are now seeking an endowment fund of $300,000 to be Kihon Kiristo Kyokraised in Japan. w-Ij "" .. "", …… 40,866 261 127 6&1,278 Bible Fire Loss Methodist (or) Nihon Mesozisto Kyokwai. 32,783 ON JULY 4th a disastrous fire Congregational (or) 202 100 283,833 broke out in Tokyo in the plant of the Seiko Printing Company, printers ~ihon Kumiai Kyokof the Scriptures for the Japan Agency of the American Bible Society, and wai …………….. 21,837 169 83 4M,369 reduced it to ashes, burned timber and Epise -ual (or) Nihon ruined machinery. In the flames were destroyed a considerable amount of the Sei Kyokwai ……. 22,235 245 44 180,884 Society's printed Japanese Scriptures Baptist (0 r) Nihon and all of the Agency's printing plates Shin Rei Kyokwai .. 6.688 49 17 68,8()7 Oriental Mis. Soc. (or) Nih 0 n Holiness Kyokwai o the r P~~t~~t~~t 6,374 150 i'4 147,202 Chllrches .. " …. ". 27,163 596 42 8110,992 '['otal for all churches 163,1)016 1,652 497 2,629,365 -Missionary Voice.

Young Men Busy MISS EMMA E. GARDNER, of Nagoya, Japan, tells of the faith- fulness among young people in the Kinjo Presbyterian Church: "The Kinjo church is the second

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

largest Presbyterian church in the penses of anyone who wished to study city; the minister is Mr. Toeda, an free at the yearly District Bible Study earnest, spiritual preacher. His Class. church members number about one hundred and fifty, some of whom have ISLANDS OF THE PACIFIC moved away to other cities, but still keep their membership in the Kinjo Philippine Progress church. The congregation is largely composed of young people; among T HE two hundred missionaries who them some splendid young men, who, have gone out to help the Philipwhile their minister and one of his pines with churches, schools and hoselders were away this summer at the pitals have exerted an influence far Los Angeles Sunday-school Conven- beyond the limits of the churches they tion, took upon themselves the re- have established. sponsibility of the church services, speaking by turns on Sunday and dur- In 1925 the Catholic Students of ing the week, and holding outdoor America sent a mission to study the evangelistic meetings in front of the Philippines. They reported that "by church every Sunday night. founding hospitals and dispensaries for the poor, secondary and industrial "When Mr. Toeda returned, he schools in the more important towns, found these young men had brought and splendidly equipped dormitories into the church thirty-eight young for students at Manila, the Protestant people, earnest enquirers who were churches are doing a work of positive reading the Bible and ready to be importance and value." The Roman formed into a class to be trained by Catholic church has removed practicalthe pastor for future church member- ly all of the corrupt friars from the ship."-Presbyterian Survey. Islands and has replaced them with clean, progressive, well-educated Chun Pyung Baing's Olrering priests from America, Ireland, Bel- gium, France and Germany. Educa- I N EAST KIRIN PROVINCE, about tion has been greatly improved, beauti- fifty miles west of Lungchingtsun, ful schools and dormitories have been some Korean Christians settled built, the reading of the Bible has been among the mountains. They agreed encouraged; in a word, the Roman that each family would set aside one Catholic church in the Philippines has day's plowing and put the crops to- come to resemble that in North Amerigether for sale, the proceeds to be used ca. for Gospel work. Some Christians moved away and others grew cold in The Catholic Historical Review in their love, but Mr. Chun, believing that 1917 had this to say: this money should be given to the Lord, took the price of the field he had set The Protestant sects have not been apart and bought a calf. without a quickening influence on Catho- licism, for they have aided the establish- One day Pastor Yu, while visiting ment of the [Roman Catholic] church on this village home, overheard a conver- the American basis, and the correction sation between Mr. Chun and his wife of undesirable conditions which had over this calf which had been eating grown up during the Spanish control. his tether. Mr. Chun wanted to keep The competition has served a good end the calf bull the wife maintained that for Catholicism, for it has put it on its they must sell it and give the money mettle in a way it might never have been to God's cause. Thereupon the hus- without it. The American clergy, I venband asked Pastor Yu to take charge ture to think recognize this fully.- of the money. The sixty-six yen thus Frank C. Laubach. obtained was used to form the nucleus of a fund raised by tpe churches of Union Church in Suva Pastor Yu's district to pay the ex- FOR about fifty years the European Presbyterian Church has been car- ried on in Suva, Fiji. It has had some checkered experiences, but through the long years has done excellent work

and borne good testimony. Many tians heard the call, and there is now years ago the Methodist Church a Gospel Hall in Samarinda and in thought of establishing a European Balik-papan. Church in Suva, but it was felt that there should be no overlapping in such These coast cities are occupied by a a small town, and the Methodist peo- mixture of Asiatics, Malay, Japanese, ple have attended the Presbyterian Sudanese and countless other races. Church and loyally helped in this All these speak Malay, a happy fact in work. Many of the office bearers are the task of evangelization. Moham- Methodists, and it has been felt re- medanism is rap i d 1y spreading cently that it would be a good thing through the instrumentality of Arab if some arrangement could be made traders. Everywhere are to be seen whereby the Christian forces might Mohammedan mosques.-Evangelical be more closely linked up in church Christian and Missionary Witness. membership. Successful Week Da.y Religious Conferences have been held between the Presbyterian and Methodist bodies Teaching in Australia, as well as a meeting between the parties concerned in Fiji, H ONOLULU has a record in weekand the result has been that the Pres- day religious instruction which byterian Church now becomes a Union any city might well try to emulate. Church. A Methodist and Presby- Work was begun four years ago, under terian minister will be appointed al- the Honolulu Interchurch Federation, ternately for a period of three years, and the first year weekday religious and while each will bear ecclesiastical education began in connection with relationship to his own church, he will seven public schools, with 2,200 pupils be recognized minister of the Union enrolled in church school classes. The Church. The first appointee under following year, ten school centers enthese new conditions is the Rev. C. W. rolled 2,700 pupils, and the growth for Turner, who has already taken up his the third and fourth years has brought residence in Fiji. The Union Church the enrolment to 3,556. All the 125 will be subsidized by the Presbyterian teachers were Christian, but from Church of Victoria and by the Meth- many different races and nationalities. odist Board of Missions until such These are part time teachers, but a time as it is able to carry alone its re- full time supervisor has the oversight sponsibilities. – Australian Christian of th~ system. A carefully selected World. course of study is provided, and the nature of the teaching is distinctly Borneo and Its Need evangelistic. In addition to these schools running throughout the school BORNEO, except Greenland and year, the Interchurch Federation car- New Guinea, is the largest island ries on a number of vacation Bible in the world. Missionary work is be- schools, with an enrolment of from ing carried on in British North 1,200 to 1,500.-Presbyterian Maga- Borneo; in the south, considerable zine. work has been done by German and Dutch missionaries, and the American NORTH AMERICA Methodists some years ago opened a work on the west coast of Borneo; Commemorate Pentecost but the entire east coast of Dutch Borneo is entirely without missionary CELEBRATING the nineteen hunwork. On the eastern coast line of dredth anniversary of ;'Pentecost," approximately 500 miles there are the birthday of the church, the Commore than twenty ports, and so far as mission on Evangelism and Life Servknown no station was ever opened in ice of the Federal Council of Churches this area until some Chinese Chris- has just announced a program which includes a campaign of personal evan- gelism, a church-attendance crusade, a Sunday-school' drive, the reestablish-

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

ment of a family altar in every home, eign public which comes into contact a series of "upper room" prayer-meet- with them. Particularly is the work ings to be held in churches, homes, of the Association worthy of mention shops, offices and stores, and a simul- as the Association during the past two taneous reading of a chapter a day of years has been sparing no efforts to the Gospel of Saint Luke and the Acts give a true interpretation of the colosof the Apostles. sal changes going on in China which lie at the back of the present Nation- This program, which will begin this alist movement. fall and continue through the winter and spring, ending June 8th, the day "It is with confidence that I look of Pentecost, is the culmination of a forward to the increasing usefulness series of conferences recently held by of the Association."-Chinese Christhe leaders in evangelism of the prin- tian Student. cipal denominations in the United States. Nearly all of the national reli- .Chicago Youth's Service Bureau gious bodies in America have already committed themselves to this observ- SHORTLY after his election, State's ance at their official conferences, as- Attorney John A. Swanson, of Chisemblies and synods.-Christian Advo- cago, announced that he would organcate. ize a youth's service bureau as part of his program of crime prevention. The Chinese Student Anniversary bureau has now been brought into ex- istence as a regular part of the city THE Chinese Students' Christian and county government, sponsored and Association in North America has directed by the state's attorney's office, just commemorated the 20th anniver- and Rev. Charles A. Gage, a Methodist sary of its founding. Hon. C. C. Wu, Episcopal minister of many years Chinese Minister to the United States, standing in Chicago, has been placed in his greetings to the Association, in charge. The field of service of the has this to say: youth's bureau is in home, school and club, and in nowise is the character of "The work done by students as such service political, partisan or secgroups in cementing cordial relations tarian. To keep a boy from going· between China and America is espe- wrong is infinitely more commendable cially significant. Through these uni- than using corrective measures on him fied and organized mediums, contacts after he has gone wrong. The new with American organs representing bureau will seek through every availidentical or similar interests are facili- able channel to create an atmosphere tated, and opportunities are created of helpfulness away from delinquency for mutual appreciation and criticism and crime. It is expected that the vaof each other's ideas and institutions, rious luncheon clubs, women's clubs, thereby removing the possibility of association of commerce, church fedmisunderstanding which, as it is gen- eration, Salvation Army, fraternal erally recognized, constitutes a formid- groups and other civic organizations able foe to international peace and will see the importance of representafriendship. tion on the advisory board.-Christian Century. "The Chinese Students' Christian Association has achieved signal suc- The Indian Problem cess in its lines of endeavor. The present membership of the Association, REV. RUDOLF HERTZ, of the comprising one hundred and thirty- American Missionary Association three institutions in thirty-two states staff in Eagle Butte, S. D., thus sumthroughout this country and four cen- marizes the findings of the recent surters in Canada, testifies to the influ- vey of the Bureau of Indian Affairs: ence it wields in the life of Chinese students in this part of the world, and Most of the Indians are poor, many to its usefulness even among the for- extremely poor;

The general health of the Indians is dation. Food, uniforms. heat, medical bad and their living, housing and sani- care, and general supervision are given tary conditions are conducive to the de- for fifteen cents a day_ Children are velopment and spread of diseases; brought in from six o'clock in the morning until closing time at eight in Tuberculosis and trachoma are preva- the evening. A registered nurse and lent to a distressing degree; the death baby specialist attend to the health rate and infant mortality are high; program. Five persons are employed in various capacities to care for the In an economic sense the Indians are children. During the two years since backward, with the result that insufficient its origin, the day nursery has given incomes, low standards of living and an 14,000 days of nursery care. The Comapathetic attitude toward progress are munity Chest of New Orleans granted general; $3,000 to aid in this work.

The Indians are not yet adjusted to the Federal Penitentiary for WODlen new economic and social conditions confronting them; THE Federal Institution for Women at Alderson, W. Va., is the only one They have little knowledge of the value of its kind in the United States. It of money and land; is a prison planned by women, for women and operated by women. There The intermittent and generally small are at present 314 inmates, under the incomes from land sales, leases and per care of a staff of twenty. It is thought capita payments from tribal funds en- the number will now increase, since courage idleness and retard progress; judges heretofore have often refused to sentence offenders because of the The survey party also reports that it lack of adequate places for their infound too much evidence of suffering and carceration. Now all women sentenced discontent to subscribe to the belief that in United States courts will be sent the Indians are reasonably satisfied with there. Offenses for which women are their condition. sent irtcIude violation of the prohibi- tion or narcotic acts, tampering with Three fundamental recommenda- or misuse of the mails, counterfeiting tions for improving the Indian service or any offense against federal law. were made by the Survey Commission: In conformity with the aim of the 1. The creation, in connection with the institution to reform rather than pun- Washington office, of a professional and ish. an effort is made to create a minscientific Division of Planning and De- iature community, under conditions as velopment; nearly ideal as possible, and the bene- ficial effect of useful activity is 2. A material strengthening of the brought to bear. They are not called school and reservation forces that are in convicts, prisoners or even inmates, direct contact with the Indians and are but "girls," and precaution is taken to responsible for developing and improving prevent the stigma of "criminal" from their economic and social conditions attaching to them in later life. For through education in the broadest sense example, Red Cross certificates to of the work; those who have completed the course in practical nursing are issued by the 3. The maximum practical decentral- National Headquarters in Washington, ization of authority so that to the fullest rather than by the local chapter at extent initiative and responsibility may Alderson. Religious services are held be vested in the local officers in direct regularly and all must attend, but viscontact with the Indians.-Congregation- iting ministers are required to avoid alist. mentioning criminal careers in their sermons.-Presbyterian Survey. Negro Church PrograDl THE People's Community Center of New Orleans is reaching out to serve its community. It has found places for more than 2,500 domestics in New Orleans. placing Over 1,000 persons in 1927. The character of applicants is investigated, and the bureau has built up a real reputation for furnishing reliable domestic help.

In 1926 there was but one day nursery in New Orleans for colored children. with a capacity of forty. People's Community Center organized a model day nursery, using the method advocated by the Russell Sage Foun-

WORTH

Any books mentioned in these columns will be forwarded by us on receipt of price.-THE REVIEW.

Training for World Friendship. By Ina done to these faiths. Carey went to Corinne Brown. 203 pp. $1.00. Nash- preach the Gospel of righteousness ville, Tenn. 1929. and salvation through a Holy God and His Divine Son. His work and the This book is written primarily for work of missions throughout the leaders of young people, but we won- world has been based on the Apostolic der what the effect ""ill be on young Gospel of Christ. There is no other people who, without historical back- Gospel today. Reforms without regrounds of Christian missions, read generation do not succeed in transher criticisms on the motives and forming men and nations, nor is any methods of the earlier missionaries. harmonious adjustment with Oriental faiths possible. Kali Ghat, Benares, In the first chapter Miss Brown in- and other centers of heathen worship dicts the missionary message, which cannot be harmonized with the pure she states has prevailed, as follows: Gospel of Jesus Christ. Missionaries of the past have sought first the It (this method) has made our mis- Kingdom of God and His righteoussionary endeavors a gesture of pity ness and these other things of social rather than an act of faith. It has betterment have been added. . Carey painted the rest of the world black and did the most remarkable literary work America white. It has made the non- ever attempted by one man in his Christian religions products of the Devil translations of the Scriptures. He and their leaders scheming priests who was forerunner of all industrial misdeliberately deceive the people. It has sionaries with his successful indigo pictured the sin and misery and sorrow, plantation. He was an ardent worker the poverty and illiteracy of other coun- for moral reform and against evils tries, the queer customs, the different embedded in Indian religious beliefs. ways, the unusual, the bizarre, the hideous, the bad. And then it has spoken We cannot agree with Miss Brown in glowing terms of what the missionary in her premise. We do agree with efforts of our own land have accom- her heartily in the need of training plished. for world friendship. This we can This indictment is disproved by have without any compromise between work and results of the missionaries the missionary and the terrible evils who laid foundations through the against which he must still contend. past century. They have not justified evils in America. They went to preach The second part of this book gives the Gospel of the Lord Jesus Christ, valuable suggestions for missionary the Saviour of sinners, which Amer- education. We wish that Miss Brown ica needs as truly as other lands. If we are to wait until America is per- might add to her book some of the fect before we carry this Gospel then great examples of missionaries who we must wait until all have passed on. did not fail in sacrifice even unto England was far from perfect when death and whose methods were the Carey went to preach this Gospel of methods of the New Testament, and Christ in India. He fought such in- produced remarkable results. Is not stitutions as child marriage, suttee the success less marked in recent and unspeakable immoralities of hea- years since institutionalism, higher thenism. Apparently Miss Brown feels that grave injustice has been 893

education and social service have been losophy, and a prominent educator, says, "What we want is a force and stressed rather than the Gospel? We motive" (p. 46). The authors of the book are convinced that "The message cannot change the Divine order. All of the Cross of Christ is Japan's su- preme need today." But their intermen must find not merely a great pretation of its value appears to be, not so much the atoning substitutionteacher, a leader in social reform, but ary work of Christ as the sacrifice of self for others. They think that the a Saviour from sin. Society will "new conception of self-expression" gained from the story of Christ's never be saved in the mass nor will it death, and "the message of the Risen Lord" will supply the new power debe saved by mere reformers. Men manded by present conditions (pp. 65, and women must still be regenerated 66). It is true that results of Christian as individuals if the world is to be effort in Japan through six decades saved. L. w. P. are inadequate and the growth of the Japan and Christ. By M. S. Murao and church has been slow, though the in- W. H. Murray Walton. 172 pp. 28. fluence of Christian ideas on the na- 6d. London. 1928. tion has been great. Some of the reasons for this lack of satisfactory Many books have been written Christian progress are clearly pointed about Japan by wise and understand- out but two others might have been ing men who help a foreigner to see stressed, especially for the help of with Japanese eyes, but there is per- younger missionaries. The first is haps none which will so quickly as the lack of thorough Bible studythis bring him to a clear and sym- comparing Scripture with Scripture. pathetic understanding of the country Few, even of the consecrated, able and people. This is especially valu- Japanese Christians are acquainted able to the missionary who' desires to bring to the Japanese a vision of the with the true value of the Old Testa- Heavenly Father whom he worships ment. This leads to a lack of a proper and of the Saviour through whom he understanding of the necessity, meanhas received deliverance, life and new power. ing and message of the Cross of Christ and of the teaching of the New Even those of long residence often Testament. They have little realizafail to realize the vital significance of tion that God is holy and righteous as many common customs and, therefore, well as merciful-abhorring and punare unable to sense the difficulties to ishing sin as well as loving the sinbe overcome, or to find a right way ner. There is little apparent sense of approach. Salient points in the of inward sin before His holy eyes. history of the country and of its reli- Repentance and confession of sin are gious beliefs show the development of not often stressed, even in evangelischaracteristics which differ greatly tic meetings, except in case of the from those of other peoples, and more heinous and open sins. which cause them to be misjudged. The authors of this volume show The second great lack among the clearly the lamentable effects of the Japanese is the failure to emphasize friction caused by the change in edu- the Person and work of the Holy cational ideals and methods, and the Spirit in the Church, in individual danger of making schools into ma- Christians and in the world and our chines rather than into places for the dependence on Him. We note these development of character and power two great lacks when we compare the to serve. young Japanese Church with the early Church of Acts. The greatest Present social conditions in Japan are vividly described, the seething unrest and bewildered search for relief from the conflicting forces reveal Japan's imperative need as it is felt by many eminent Japanese leaders. Anezski, a believer in Buddhist phi-

BOOKS WORTH READING

value of the book lies in the clear get larger farms," "to become farm showing through history and the owners." There is no quest of reli- forces that worked in the national de- gious liberty in their minds. Their velopment, of what the missionary Rom a n Catholic and Lutheran will meet in the mental attitude and churches are their cherished institu- spiritual life of the people, so that he tions. So it is the economic in- may more quickly effect a sympathetic stitutions of the states that assist approach to the people in his efforts them most in becoming Americans.

to lead them to Christ. H. P. C. Next in order is political action, to which they show an eager interest; Immigrant Farmers and Their Children. then social and civic institutions of By Edmund deS. Brunner. 277 pp. $2.75. New York. 1929. the community, the public schools, to which they send their children; last Several important questions have of all the American churches in vilbeen answered by Dr. Brunner in this lages and open country receive them excellent, substantial volume which into the structure of American life. treats of some subjects on which there This book pays a tribute to the was no reliable information. The Rom a n Catholic and Lutheran book has four masterly studies of churches of foreign speech, which communities or settlements of rural some anxious Americans will do well national groups, which alone are of to read. The writer says that their the worth of a book. It is well made, ministers are better educated than readable, and of convenient size, and are the average rural ministers in this gives to rural ministers and mission country. They serve longer as pas- .executives solid and reliable knowl- tors. They live with their people in edge on which to base the programs those sections in which the American of the parish and of the nation. ministers are absentee preachers, and The body of the volume is a careful their people attend and support their analysis of the numbers of rural im- rural churches better than the older migrants, their colonies, distribution, American churches are attended and and their assimilation to the Ameri- supported. Best of all, their pastors can population. One-fourth of the are sympathetic to the American foreign-born population is in the rural trend and are helping their people to communities (or was in 1920); being adapt themselves to the ways of this about three millions, of whom one- country, rather than imitate the half are farmers. In the order of size country from which they came.

they are populations of Germans, Nor- But the most interesting part of the wegians, Canadians, Mexicans, Brit- book, to those who care for the ish, with Italians, Poles, Dutch, Finns, church, is the chapter which discusses Irish and Swiss. The first named the relation of the American-speaking number over one hundred forty thou- churches with these rural immigrants sand, the last named about thirteen (pages 125 to 127). It is a story of thousand, in their population groups indifference, poor equipment, and lack in the last census. Two and a half of trained workers. But there is this times as many more are the children general statement, "that with equip- of these nationalities living in the ment to fit the need, trained workers, country. They attain American citi- a broad enough program, and regular zenship before their city fellow-na- help from the mission boards, success- tionals. Dr. Brunner records with ful work can be accomplished." Then gratification that the rural community follows the story, briefly told, of the shows a power of Americanization admirable work of the Presbyterians greater than that exhibited by the at San Gabriel, California, as an "out- city. standing example of successful Prot- These millions have come to Amer- estant work among the Mexicans-in ica "to better their condition," "to the fruit groves of the valley." The

observations of this survey are then Our Children; Renewal; The Sacrasummarized in the sentence-"The new American has made good on the ment; Lent. land but the Church has not made good with the new American." The principal emphasis is in pray- The picture as a whole presented in ers for Healing, with petitions under this volume is a hopeful one. Even the effect of recent immigration laws such titles as : You and Your Sickis described as good, in a measure; while the pictures of the colonies of ness; What to Do and How to Think rural immigrants, appended to the survey, exhibit them in a state of de- About Your Illness; Before an Operavelopment of which the earlier settlers of this country would have been tion; Recovery from Sickness. proud, could they have enjoyed it. But the service rendered them by The price of the book seems high; churches, in their transition from Europe to America, is that of conser- but it is worth the cost. These prayvation of their birthright religion, speaking generally, rather than of ers will be especially helpful to those evangelization by the American Protestant churches. who feel their need of Divine Guid- WARREN H. WILSON. ance. JAMES F. RIGGS.

Prayers for the Way. John S. Bunting. A Remarkable Biblical Discovery-or "The 55 pp. $1.25. Philadelphia. 1928. Name" of God According to the Scrip- tures. By William Phillips Hall. This little book deals very practi- 12mo. 175 pp. $1.50. New York. cally with the daily problems of ordi- 1929. nary life. The phrasing is good, strong in its choice of words, sensitive God, the eternal and the infinite, is to the best aspirations of the human an inexhaustible subject for study heart, and sensible in point of view. and experience. Everything connected The prayers are heart-cries to God with Him seems to offer a mine of for help. Such a book is demanded by wealth – His physical creation, His the complexities of modern life. Word, and His spiritual world. This little volume, by the president of the An example of these prayers is as American Tract Society, reveals the follows: "May we remember the pov- same quality in the very name of God. erty of any life that lacks faith in In his very rich and useful study, Mr. Thee, and the disappointment of any Hall calls attention to the name "I success that has not been won with am" (Jehovah), by which God revealed Thy Spirit. . . . May no disappoint- Himself in the Old· Testment times ment today cast us down, and no suc- as He revealed Himself in the New cess flush us with pride, and no sud- Testament times through the Lord den temptation make our feet slip. Jesus Christ. Efforts have been made May we beware of any impatient by unbelievers to weaken or destroy word with others that may lead us to faith in the inspiration of the Scripmistrust them. And may we avoid the tures and in the deity of Christ. This spirit of judgment and condemnation study by Mr. Hall offers valuable and which hurts our faith in Thee because inspiring evidence of the truth of it shakes our faith in men." those claims. He believes that he has discovered truths that have been lost A number of prayers have to do sight of for centuries. with such questions as Loneliness; The Day of Trouble; Justice; Disappoint- The Jews would not utter the name ment; The Defeated; The Home; Jahve for fear of taking the ineffable name of God "in vain." The name "Lord" was substituted for Jahve as the name of the eternal God in the Old Testament. Mr. Hall shows that this name has the same significance when it is used to refer to Jesus Christ in the New Testament and by the early Church. He points out that Christ came "with his Father's name, Lord" (Matthew 21: 9). The apostles "called

The Missionary Review of the World — September 1929

BUILDINGS. TEACHERS AND GRADUATING

Help Reveal Christ to Moslems Christ and His Message are interpreted to Moslems through Christian Literature published in Arabic, Turkish, Persian, Urdu, Panjabi, Chinese and other languages spoken by Moslems. By your prayers and gifts you can help to supply this much needed Christian literature for Egypt Syria Irak China Morocco Palestine Persia Java Algiers Turkey India Sumatra Tunis Arabia Malaysia South Africa Will you help the Christian missionaries in these countries by sending your gifts through The American Christian Literature Society for Moslems cooperating with the Nile Mission Press and Interdenominational Committees on the field?

BOARD OF DIRECTORS William I. Chamberlain, Ph.D., President Dr. Robert E. Speer, Delavan L. Pierson. of New York, Vice Presidents Rev. S. M. Zwemer, D.O., Cairo, Honorary Field Secretary Dr. William B. Anderson Miss Anna A. Milligan Dr. John H. Raven Mrs. William Borden Mrs. James M. Montgomery, Sec. Rev. Ernest W. Riggs Dr. James Cantine Dr. Frank Mason North Mrs. Finley J. Shepard Mrs. William Bancroft Hill Mrs. E. E. Olcott, Treas. Mr. Fennell P. Turner Send your contributions to The Treasurer, 322 West 75th Street, New York City.

Apply for information and literature to The Secretary, Mrs. J. M. Montgomery, c/o the Moslem World, 156 Fifth Ave., New York.

MISSIONARY COOPERATION (c) The development of African leader- ship. IN AFRICA (d) Meeting the needs of rural commun- A conference of representatives of the ities. American Mission Boards having work in Africa, was held July 7th to 9th at and In connection with this the study of the Hotel Gramatan in Bronxville, New educational policy of governments and oDr r the York, to discuss with the representatives rf'lation between the educational policy misfrom Great Britain and the Continental siolls and thnt of governments. Mission Boards, the possibility of de- 3. The development of a health program for veloping a larger degree of missionary Afri('ull missions with special reference to— cooperation in the African continent. The conference was attended by forty- (n) A comprehensive program for use in four people, eight representing Great schools. Brita.in and four from missionary societies on the continent and the discus- (b) Cooperation with governments in atsions were directed toward a discovery tack on disease. of lines of missionary endeavor which ought to be most earnestly pushed dur- (c) The creation of an African health ing the next five years and which would staff of doctors, medical assistants, prove most fruitful if carried out co- dressers and nurses. operatively. A program .based .upon these discussions was later adopted by 4, Furtherance of tbe work of the Christian the International Missionary Council at Li te-ra ture Committee for Africa. Williamstown as follows: 5. Cooperation with other agencies in the 1. Exploration of the best means of further- t'ndeavor to understand, conserve and develop ing and realizing the evangelistic alms of the what is valuable in African cultures and in~ Christian missions in Africa. stitutions.

2. The development of a program of Chris- 6. 'I'he occupation of the field and the avoidtian education in Africa as a means of realiZ- ance of overlapoping. ing this missionary purpose, with special reference t~ 7. rrhe encouragement and development of Christian Councils in the Continent of Africa (a) 'I'he improvement of religious educa- and the cooperation with existing Councils. tion, 8. approach to governments where neces- (b) 'Jlhe Christianization of Africa's wom- sary, in regard to questions involving the rela- anhood and home life. tions of missions and governments.

9. 'I'he bringing to bear of Christian in- fluence for the establishment of right racial relations, and cooperation for this purpose with the proposed Industrial Institute.

10. Prayer for the raiSing up of men and wonll'l1 {If outstanding Jit'ifts for positions of (,llristinn l{}udtlrship in Africa and support for efforts in di1ferent countries to secure for African missionaries the best possible equip- men t for their tusk.

Please mention 'l'IIJil MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE VORLD in writing to auvertisers. DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Editor CONTENTS September, 1929 Page FRONTISPIECE-A Korean Christian Faculty and Students.

DOES JAPAN DESIRE MISSIONARIES? .. , .. ,"',.,',." .. , .. , .•…. ,DANJO EBINA 661 The PreBfdent oj Doahisha Uni1icrs1tlf gires the Japanese 'viewpoint of the missionarY Mtu6tion·.

THE WILLIAMSTOWN MEETING OF THE INTERNATIONAL MISSIONARY COUNCII, .•..••……..•.••..•.•…..•…•.••…••.•••••.••.••••••..•••• ESTHER S'l'RONG 665 The story 01 the important m et'ting 01 the Committee oj the I. M. C. a,na 1ts meaning Jor 'World-wide evangelism.

THE CHURCH AND POVERTY IN CHOSEN •…..•………•….•….. L. T, NEWLAND 669 The rela·tion of the economic situation among the KOrl'UnB U8 1t ajJects the progresR oJ Christianity and sclJ-ffupport in tlte Christian Ohurch.

A ROMANCE OF MISSIONS IN JAPAN …………•………….. , .. HElmy LOOMIS 673 The story 01 carlll missionary da.ys in the Sunrise Kinudom and sonie remarkable 'Ways in which the Gospel gain-ed a foothold.

ROBERT P. MACKAY-A SAINTLY SECRETARy ……. , ………. A. E. ARMSTRONG 676 A brief sketch and apprecia.tion of the secrrtcwy of the Formon Mission Board of the Presbyterian Ohurch of Canada.

A FIVE YEAR CAMPAIGN IN CHINA .. " …. , … , .. , .. "……………………. 681 The proposed program 01 the China Ohri8tia.n Oouncil to win 500~OOO Chinese to Christ in the next five years.

ENCOURAGEMEN'l'S IN JAPAN ……….• , ………………. , … PAUL VAN DYKE 684 A NEW THING IN HOME MISSIONS ,., …… , ……..•…….•..• WILLIAM R. KIIw 685 The program for acn admmce 1Jwvement ill. home missions told by the secretary of the H01'Ile Missions Council.

A CONTRAST IN CO:s'DITIONS IN CHINA .. , …. " . ' , " , ' , . " . " GEORGE A, HUNTLEY 689 The rema'rkabTe record 0/ cha,nueB in a. century and' a QU(Jrtcr of Christian missions in Ohina.

INDIA AND ITS FUTURE ., .. , .. , …… ' , " , " ' , " , . " .. " , . , ' ,E. STANLEY JONES 697 DR. JAMES L. BARTON AND THE NEAR EAST RELIEF …..•.• DOROTHY P. CUSHING 699 TOPICS OF THE TIMES ",., .. "."""."",."."" .. """,.""",."""". 703 lIIETHODS FOR WORKERS …………. , ' , " " " , . , " EDITED BY MRS. F. I. JOHNSON 70~ WO~{AN'S HOME MISSION BULLETIN, , . "" ,. , , ,. , , ,EDITED BY FORE/WE E. QUINr,AN 711 WOMAN'S FOREIGN MISSION BULLETIN ….. , ……. , .. , .EDITED BY AMY G. LEWIS 714 WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK.,., …….. , … ", …… ,. , .. "." …… , … ,.". 717 BOOKS WORTH READING …………… " .. " ..

TERMS: $2.50 a year. ($2.00 in clubs of five.) Foreign postage, 50 cents. Single copies, 25 cents. Published monthly. Copyrighted, 1928, by MISSIONARY REVIEW PUBLISHING COMPANY, INC. All rights reserved.

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ROBERT E. SPEER, PreB/dent WM. I. CHAMBIIlRLAIN, Vice-PreB/dent DELA.VAN L. PIERSON, fJeorettllT'Y PulYUcation Office, 3d & Reily St8" Harrisburg, WALTER McDouGAJ.. r.. , Trea.aurer Pa. 25c a copy. $2.50 a year. Editorial and Business Office, 1~6 Fifth Avenue. New York City Entered a. second·cIa.s matter at the Post OfHce. Harrisburg, Pa., under Act of March 3. 1879. OBITUARY MARY ANABLE CHAMBERLAIN, the be- 1_· loved wife of Rev. William 1. Chamberlain, Ph.D., Secretary of the Board of LET YOUR GIFT Foreign Missions of the Reformed Church in America, died at Saranac Lake to Foreign Missions on July 25th after a prolonged i11ness. Mrs. Chamberlain was, for some years, PAY YOU A LIFE INCOME a missionary with her husband in India where a daughter is now laboring. You can make a generous gift to foreign mig… sions and have a needed income for yourself ** and others from the money you give by the REV. WILLIAM R. PATTERSON, Ph.D., Annuity Gift Plan who served from 1916 to 1923 on the Board of Home Missions, and later set This plan relieves you of uncertainty and up the Central Receiving Agency under worry caused by changing values of invested the New Era Movement of the Presby- funds and assures you a fixed income of terian Church, recently died in St. Louis. He had remarkable ability as a promoter 4i% to 9% per year of the church's work. He was born in Cedar Falls, Iowa, September 14, 1868. for the rest of your life PERSONALS A reserve fund of over .$1.500,000 guarantees the prompt payment of annuities to you. ALTON L. MILLER, Ph. D., recently elected President of the Northern Baptist Protect yourself against Joss through Convention, is Vice-President of the Bos- unwise investments and at the same time ton Bethel City Mission Society and last help send the gospel to all the world. year was made President of the Boston Social Union. For full information write *** Erne" F. Holl, Secretor)" Dept. 01 Annuities DR. JAMES EDGAR GREGG, Principal of BOARD OF FOREIGN MISSIONS of the Presbyterian Church, U. S. A. Hampton Institute, has resigned after a 156 Fifth Avenue. Ne.. York service of eleven years, a period during which the Institute has made marked ad- vance. The achievements of his admin- istration include the creation of the col- HoUl to Celebrate Pentecost lege; the establishment and endowment Experience Pentecost of the Builders' course; the establish- ment of the Library School; the enlarge- ment of the library building and the erection of a group of other important buildings; the increase of the teaching Read "A Modern Pentecost"

staff and a better organization of its ad- or "Power from on High"

ministrative functions. Dr. George P. Wonderful story of great Moravian Revival resulting in conversion of John and Charles Phenix has been appointed acting prin- W..sley. the birth of Methodism and Modern. cipal. . Foreign Missions and the largest contribu- tion of standard hymns in Church history. *** Book just published; 96 pages, 35 cents each; three for $1.00 postpaid. MISS MARY PRESTON, general secretary of the Hartford Y. W. C. A. for five " …. 'Power from on High' is a small book, but is years and at present secretary of the Na- full of fire. One yearns, as one reads it, for the tional Board, has been elected secretary fullness of the spirit." of the Commission on Missions in the Congregational Church in the field of pro- –Record of Chnsitan ~i'ork. Northfield, Mass. motion. " …. 'Power from on High' has been a very goreat * inspiration to me, and I wish it could be in the hands of every minister in a11 our churches.lI REV. .JAMES F. RIGGS, pastor of the Presbyterian Church at Little Falls, New -Dr. Charles L. Goodell, New York City York, has been elected a director in the Department of Education and Publicity, '…. I so delight in your book, ; Power from on of the Presbyterian Board of National High.' Is it possible to get it circulated in this Missions. Throughout his various pastor- country?"-Dr. F. B. Meyer, London, England. ates Mr. Riggs has been particularly successful as director of missionary educa- Addre.. the. Author, tion in both the presbytery and the synod. He is a grandson of the late Dr. Elias REV. JOHN GREENFIELD Riggs of Turkey and members of his family are now serving in China, Syria, WARSAW INDIANA Egypt, Africa and Turkey.

Please mention THE lIISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD in writing to advertisers. 'J.'HE PJERSON MEMORIAL BIBl,E SCHOOL, SEOUl., KORE'~ 1929 J'ir8t Row, (Lelt to Riuht) .. MR. SUNG KON CnOl, Secretary d Bnglisll. Teacher" (Preshyterian); It:EV. IN YOUNG KIM, (8. Methodist), Old ~Pc8ta.ment Subjects.

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'1' hird Raw; MR. SUN TOKU, ltfu.~ic.; 8ANG SOON KIM; REV. OR HYEN KIM, (Presbyterian), Life of Christ and Church History; CHOON BUM P ..n:; RE'~. ¥UNG 'l'AIK CHUN, Ohh"ese and Cam.position.

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Fifth Row: PONG KIl N CliO ; SOD All CHUN; Hu] KOOK AN; CHA] YU:s' hI.

LII, No.9 September

DOES JAPAN DESIRE CHRISTIAN MISSIONARIES?

BY PRESIDENT DANJO EBINA, Kyoto, Japan President oj DQ8hisha University A CHRISTIAN does not essen- fected by national and racial tially belong to anyone coun- feelings, that in their programs try or nation, but is a citizen they frequently forget to remem- of the world, inasmuch as Chris- ber Christ and His teachings. In tianity is not a national religion mission work, for example, the but is truly universal. Just as a words "American" and "English"

Christian belongs to the world, so ought not be made so important as Christianity belongs exclusively to the fact that the missions are no one country nor group of coun- Christian missions. As soon as tries. Christ belongs to the world Christians begin to actually think and His spirit should find its way of themselves as members of this to the hearts of all the peoples of world brotherhood, so soon will the world. Before Him all national many of the perplexing problems boundaries and racial differences that confront Christians and Chris- melt away. tianity be solved with greater sat- The living dynamic spirit of God isfying results.

moves this universe, and we who A Christian believes empirically live in it cannot long remain pro- that his religion is superior to all vincial-minded nor self-complacent. others. If not~ he has neither the It is a Christian duty to help es- conviction nor the right to preach; tablish the Kingdom of God in all possessing it, he can enlighten the earth. All men should be mankind, brighten-up its con- brought to know God as their fa- sciousness, broaden its hopes, and ther and to treat all men as broth- in God's name consecrate it.

ers. The Apostle Paul well said, The earlier Christians taught "Woe is me if I -preach not the Gos- the Jews to know God and preached pel." Christians ought to serve the Gospel of Jesus to the Greeks God and their fellow men with and to the Romans. On the one greater faith and devotion, fearing hand, they emphasized the fact that no spiritual nor material self-de- Christianity embodied the best of nial. morals and philosophy. On the Prote,stants in America, Eng- other hand, rejecting untruths, land, and Japan are so strongly af- they did not overlook the good 661

points in the ethics and philoso- religious beliefs. An understand- phies of the heathens. I believe ing missionary, therefore, can do that Christians today must again an immense amount of good in point out and fearlessly and con- emancipating these people from ob- tractively criticize certain mistak- sessions and perplexities. Many a en ethics and philosophies of the missionary's usefulness is meas- pagans and fearlessly preach the ured by his ability to successfully Gospel of Christ. Christian mis- clear up various conflicting ideas sionaries should be faithful to their between theology and science aris- beliefs and preach the Gospel of ing in the minds of enquiring peo- God, no matter what the sacrifice ples.

or pel"secution they may suffer Third, a missionary should pos- from doing so. sess a definite conception of moral Some may say that there are too duties. Foreign missionaries to J a- many missionaries today, that they pan have been especially loved for are too expensive, and even that their kind deeds, honesty, good con- they are unnecessary; if a mission- duct, and virtue. They are, there- ary is noble and capable, there is fore, greatly respected by the danger of his uselessness. Every Japanese people. However, some missionary'can do much good if he missionaries are too narrow- is the right type. They must pos- minded and show hatred for the sess certain qualifications in order pagans. They fear heathen doc- to be qualified to serve God in mis- trines. Sometimes they do not sion fields: seem to be able to overcome their First a missionary must be able spirit of national and racial superi- to reproduce miracles. Peoples in ority and thus hurt the feelings of Japan, Korea, and China, are like other peoples. If missionaries cast hungry people asking for food, cry- away narrow – mindedness and ing out aloud for those who can adopt the spirit of Christ, they will cure them of the terrible diseases win the confidence and respect of from which they suffer. Many re- the peoples with whom they work.

ligions in all parts of the world Many missionaries have converted profess to cure people of their sick- native Japanese to Christianity ness and attribute this power to simply by their faith and person- their respective gods. If mission- ality.

aries say "come and see" and ac- Any missionary who has these tually are able to show the people qualifications is welcomed in all that God still performs miracles parts of the world, even at great today, people will come to believe cost financially. The world needs that God still lives in this world. such missionaries and needs them Such is the first qualification for a very badly. Even though most mis- missionary. sionaries to Japan have had no Second, a missionary must have power of performing miracles and mental ability. People today are no profound knowledge, they have seeking knowledge. They are fac- been conscientious, ethical, and ex- ing such perplexing problems as cellent. That is why they have been that of the reality of God, the dig- so successful. If they had had all nity of personality, and the ulti- three of the qualifications, they mate end of mankind. They study would have been three times as science and become suspicious of successful. Much more complete

DOES JAPAN DESIRE CHRISTIAN MISSIONARIES

would have been their success had Christians should send out their they also possessed moral leader- missionary ambassadors to the ship. ends of the world to tell their fel- lowmen of Christ and to make this Missionaries are not all well world the Kingdom of God. versed in social problems. Sociology is a relatively new science. "ONE MILLION SOULS CAMPAIGN" Young missionaries today have some knowledge of social problems, IN JAPAN but they are not essentially sociologists. They are specialists in the Toyohiko Kagawa, Japan's modern Gospel of Christ and a knowledge prophet, is projecting a "One Million of philosophy, economics, sociology Souls Movement," to bring the Gospel and history is necessary only as to the multitudes, with an appeal for these subjects interpret the teach- decision. He has become convinced by ings of Christ. his efforts for social reconstruction that unless some such great mass Christian missionaries should movement be organized now, the swiftnot differentiate one nation from ly advancing tide of socialism will ovanother, or stress the racial varia- erwhelm the Christian enterprise in tions among men. Before God all Japan and will spell disaster for spiritmen are all alike and each individu- ual idealism. Mr. Kagawa is on fire al is of infinite worth. with passion to make society Christian and he is able to reach and command The Christians of Japan might audiences of enormous size. His hearbear the burden of Christianizing ers at anyone meeting frequently numthe country without foreign assist- ber thousands and hundreds register ance, but how happy and beneficial decision for the Christian life. Devothas been our cooperation with for- ing most of his energies to platform eign missionaries. It has fostered work precludes his giving himself to a fine spirit of Christian brother- the business of writing which provides hood and has broadened the hori- funds for his social service work. His zons of the Japanese. friends feel that he should be dedi- cated to the great national campaign We live in a day when the stress which has as its immediate and ultiin mission work is less upon the mate aim the Christianizing of the sowords "England," "America," and cial order of Japan, and, as one means "Japan." We live in a world neigh- of financing the enterprise, they are borhood that requires a world point securing subscriptions at a dollar each of view in whatever mission work to a magazine published in English we may engage. called The Friends of Jesus, that serves to keep others in touch with the Some may argue that American movement and to reveal the world of Christians and Americans in gen- human need. eral do not reach the standard set by Christ and so are incapable of "I am teaching religion," says Mr. evangelizing others. This is poor Kagawa, "for, unless I do, the social reasoning. Our own churches will movement would be a failure. But my then have no right to carry Christ's religion is not exclusive nor merely of the church. My religion is the religion message to the people because they of Christ in the hearts of men." do not measure up to Christ.

THE INTERNATIONAL MISSIONARY COUNCIL COMMITTEE AT THE HAYS'I'ACK MONUMENT, WIlLIAMSTOWN, MASSACHUSETTS.

Von t~:t::I:'~~h~ls~sifan:;DWn,BJ~h~go~I'i~~nfr'i~I~ :.t:;. ~~~~;,t·~. ';~c~ ~A~~r,W:cni:t~~' J~~:kl~: ~~~t , 4jcrOls~~hRfrs.l~~~g:;"Dj. GII~S~~a:~I~~~ Mendoza, Jam e~e~~:J~a~~'lacoe::n~g~&~~;:: Mf"~s~j~~~~~~' ~::k~~~ODr~~~I~ie~e:k!!: R;~e~~. :~!e:i~::·1.p~~~c~7j~~rt~A~Y~~i~e~I~~ iI~~:~n~n.~. BC~~:;~g. A. Ebl1.Awa, K. T. Paul, H. Anet, C. E. WIISOD, D. B. Schneder, Julius RiChter, Miss Pndwlck . E. Braga , F.. Amdahl, R. E. Dllf.ndor!er, V. K.

I~atourette.

WILLIAMSTOWN MEETING OF

I. M. C.

BY MISS ESTHER STRONG, New York A88iBta.nt Seorctu·ry oj the International llfisB"iorHf,ry Oouncil O N THE campus of Williams missions in Western lands, mis- College, where the monu- sions in industrial areas and race ment stands to commemo- relations, the Christian approach rate the famous Haystack Prayer to the Jews and medical missions. Meeting held in 1806 when the Every delegate went home with a American for e i g n missionary distinctive message for his own special task, a broadened sympathy movement was begun, another his- and outlook, a renewed faith in the toric missionary meeting was held Christian mission and a deepened July 11-21, which may well be re- sense of fellowship in the worldmembered for the renewed empha- wide Christian movement. What sis given to the central evangelistic effect could these two hundred and purpose of all missionary work. fifty delegates have on the wide This was the' meeting of the Com- range of Christian work?

mittee of the International Mis- The Chairman of the Council, sionary Council attended by fifty Dr. John R. Mott, spent the year delegates from the fourteen na- following the Jerusalem meeting, tional missionary conferences in visiting as many of the missions as western lands and the fourteen possible, to confer on their special National Christian Councils on the problems and work. numerous mission fields. Through the fellowship of this group of In making a report of this tour earnest Christian frontiersmen of Dr. Mott said that economically, man y nationalities, races, and Asia is in a very serious condition. Church affiliations, the unity of In India the burden is the heaviest the Christian movement was made in the villages and hunger, ignomanifest. rance, disease, superstition and in- debtedness claim heavy toll of suf- It was a small group but widely fering. In China the civil war has representative and with a definite caused a great economic deprestask to perform. This task was to sion and the famine conditions dereview the progress made since the mand immediate attention. Japan, enlarged meeting of the Council at quite contrary to common belief, is Jerusalem in the spring of 1928 and plan how best to conserve the also suffering economically. The results of the year's work and how earthquake destroyed a p pro x – imately one sixth of the wealth of best to proceed in the years just Japan and the suffering among all ahead. classes is acute. Nationalism is in- tense and spreading, not only be- At the Jerusalem meeting rec- ing more aggressive but having a ommendations were made on a number of topics, including the clearer understanding of its aims Christian message, religious edu- and goal. Although there seems cation, the relations between the to be more misunderstanding of younger and older churches, rural the peoples of Asia about each missions, the support of Christian 665

other than formerly, there is a far ature was available to the average greater will to understand and an man. He invariably found liter- increasing number of constructive ature of a very inadequate type or minds at work. none at all although there was an Dr. Mott reported that the in- abundance of Western literature fluence of Christ is vivid in every of other varieties, especially politi- land he visited in the Orient. An- cal. The Committee of the Inter- ti-religious forces are very strong national Missionary Council was but the Christian movement is on called upon to give a clear lead in the aggressive. The effect of the this matter.

call of the Jerusalem meeting is To the Council was also brought e v ide nt, for it has not only a summons to a larger evangelism.

strengthened the morale but has The Five Years' Movem,ent in given a new sense of direction and China was inspired by Dr. C. Y.

a strong united lead. This is part- Cheng, who was present at Wil- ly due to the influence of the na- liamstown. T his nation-wide tional Christians who were at movement aims to double the Jerusalem and who have inter- church membership in five years preted the meeting to their own and to strengthen the devotion of countrymen. the Chinese Church to Christ.

The situation in the mission Preparations for a similar move- fields clearly indicates a number of ment in Japan, known as the King- tasks which the International Mis- dom of God Movement, is under sionary Council must face, said the guidance of Toyohiko Kagawa.

Dr. Mott. There is great need for These great spiritual awakenings help in educational work, in clari- demand the intelligent cooperation fying the conception of religious and constant prayers of all Chris- education and its relation to gov- tians.

ernment education. The National As at Jerusalem, the subject of Christian Council of India, the pro- the Christian message was one vincial councils and the educational that received most careful consid- institutions sent a special request eration. Mr. J. H. Oldham opened for a commission to be sent to In- the discussion with so stirring an dia to study the situation and give address that the Committee re- advice. It is hoped that such a quested it to be printed in full for commission will be sent in 1930-31. wide circulation. Repeating the Less vocal but no less urgent was Jerusalem meeting warning Mr.

the need in Japan for such a com- Oldham said that secularism is the mission. greatest foe of Christianity today.

The problem is a matter that In the West the skepticism and holds a foremost place in Dr. agnosticism which dominated the Mott's thought. He visited more thinking of a few leaders a century rural areas than he had before ago is openly taught in schools been able to visit and saw their in- and colleges and is permeating the tense need. thinking of the masses, who in The lack of Christian literature consequence, are losing not only is another major concern and in their religion and moral restraints various places Dr. Mott visited but all sense of purposeful living.

book stalls to find out how much In the Orient the ancient religions and what kind of Christian liter- are crumbling before the on-rush

THE WILLIAMSTOWN MEETING OF THE I. M. C

of western civilization. The Orien- the world, and we must pray that tals are at the cross roads. Lack- God will raise up more Christian ing the Christian heritage they are thinkers of the first quality. We confronted with the choice between must put before them the demands a secular or a Christian interpreta- of the present world situation and tion of this scientific age. The de- appeal to them to take a larger, cision is a critical one. The mis- more active and more direct part sionary forces, so limited in re- in the world task of the Church sources and numbers, can only and devote their talents and their hope to influence a fraction of the genius to helping the Church in situation, but they can and must meeting the world-wide challenge call on Christian leaders and lay- of secular civilization."

men to face the situation and to While Mr. Oldham has been giv- work each in his own sphere. ing some time to work such as he "We do not want to make mere- outlined in his speech, his major ly the traditional missionary ap- time and thought since the J erusa- peal," Mr. Oldham said, "we do not lem meeting has been devoted to want to ask primarily for support Africa. One of the practical re- of the organized missionary move- suIts of this meeting was the ap- ment. Our 'appeal is wider than pointment of Mr. Oldham and that. We want to say to them, Miss Gibson to carry out the care- 'This, as we understand it, is the fully defined program of work in world situation with which Chris- Africa which was based upon the tianity is faced. How, in your recommendations of a group of own distinctive sphere, can you boa r d secretaries interested in help to meet it?' We want to say Africa who met for three days in for example to a group of school- Bronxville, New York, just previ- masters, 'You are engaged in train- ous to the Williamstown Meeting.

ing the youth of the nation. How Mr. William Paton presented to far is what you are doing directed the Council the progress made to- towards the development of per- ward the founding of a department sons who are equipped to help the of the International Missionary Christian cause in the world of to- Council to undertake social and in- day?' That is a much more fun- dustrial research to help mission damental and far-reaching ques- workers in the problems which tion than the obtaining of in- arise from the spread of industrial- creased support for the organized ism-such as the problem of forced missionary movement. If a right labor in Africa. This department solution of it is found, a solution of will be established at Geneva with the other question will be found one secretary to travel as a con- also. The approach to 0 the r sultant, and the other secretary to groups would be on similar lines; head the work at Geneva. It was "A beginning in the approach voted to submit the detailed plans to Christian scholars and theo- to the constitutent national con- logians has been made in Great ferences for vote and it is hoped Britain in a conference held in that before another meeting of the York. This needs to be followed Council this project will be well up in all countries. We must en- launched.

deavor to get into touch with the The problem of rural missions best Christian minds throughout was opened by Mr. K. T. Paul of

India and Dr. Loram of South claimed the right to change her Africa gave a vivid account of the faith under the new Egyptian gov- excellent results of Dr. Butter- ernment which guaranteed com- field's visit to South Africa. The plete liberty of conscience. To officers were authorized to secure everybody's surprise she was in- the services of Dr. Butterfield for formed that the constitution could the next two years to visit China not over-ride the law of Islam and and India and commissioned them that the religious law placed her to raise funds for this purpose. under the guardianship of a near The special appointment of Mr. male relative. A you n g man Basil Mathews was also authorized claimed the guardianship and the with the hope that he may give all woman was arrested by the police of his time to the presentation of and forcibly handed over to the foreign missions to youth. guardian. The case was taken in- The officers of the Council were to the Religious Courts but at once also asked to secure a secretary to a difficulty appeared as no Chris- develop the department for the tian lawyer is allowed to plead in work among Jews. An Interna- the Moslem Religious Courts. A tional Committee to carry forward Moslem lawyer had to be employed these plans was appointed, the to defend the girl and the case was American members of which are: lost as it was judged not by the Dr. J. S. Conning, Bishop Thomas constitution of the country but by Nicholson, Canon S. Gould and the archaic laws of the early days Rev. Henry Einspruch. of Islamic domination. It was Mr. W. W. Cash made a state- pointed out that a woman is con- ment on the missionary work in sidered as a minor until she had the Near East, particularly in re- attained the age of sixty and that lation to the question of Religious she is not free to change her faith liberty in Moslem lands. He said until after having passed that age.

that Islam is based upon a theo- Another law forbids any Moslem cratic idea of government through at any age to transfer his religious which the state and the Church are alliance from Islam to any other one. Islam itself has divided the religion. While man y Moslem world into two parts, the half of lands are proclaiming their boasted peace in which all true Moham- new nationality and modern pro- medans were members and the gressive constitution they are still half of war which included all dominated by the old reactionary other peoples. Islam has domi- orthodox religious leaders.

nated all social, economic and po- The officers of the International litical life. There is therefore a Missionary Council were asked to clash between orthodox Islam and watch the situation in Moslem nationality on the one hand and Lands and to bring pressure to the constitution of an Islamic form bear through publicity or otber of government and modern demo- means to better this situation.

cratic constitution on the other One of the major problems fac- hand. In Egypt recently the ques- ing missions today is that of re- tion of religious liberty has been ligious freedom in state systems of brought accutely to the fore. education. Many countries like A woman of twenty years of age Turkey and China are formulating had become a Christian and had new national systems of education

THE CHURCH AND POVERTY IN CHOSEN

and a strong and unified position question of evangelism and the should be taken by Christian mis- great evangelistic movements of sionary forces. In mandated areas China and Japan. Dr. Cheng told governments are also feeling their about the Five Year Movement and his hopes for a great spiritual reway in relation to the problem of vival. He asked especially for native education. If missions at prayers for the success of the this time will take a firm and movement, the prayers not merely united stand on fundamental prin- of the Board Secretaries but of the ciples it will undoubtedly have a hom e constituencies. A second great influence on government pol- great need is for missionaries who icy. It was agreed that the Inter- will give their whole lives to the national Missionary Council should service of China, as well as for extake steps to unify Christian think- perts who will go out for short peing on this point. The relation be- riods to deal with specific probtween education and evangelism lems. There is need also of help must also be carefully thought fro m Western churches in the through. Education cannot be de- financial needs of the Five Year veloped as a thing apart for it is an Movement. integral part of the evangelistic purpose. Some of the practical Nationals of In d i a, China, suggestions of the Religious Edu- Japan, Brazil and Siam, also voiced cation report were: 1. The prep- urgent calls for more missionaries aration of manuals for other areas and it was agreed that a presentalike Mr. Dougall's manual for tion of these needs should be made Africa. 2. A study of the new to churches in Western lands. educational policies in mandated areas, many of which have been Special stu die s were recom~ profoundedly influenced by Dr. mended in relation to the develop~ ment of self-support, and in the Thomas Jesse Jones's reports on problem of the propagation and Africa. 3. Visits to the field by maintenance of churches with experts in religious education. simple and less expensive forms of organization, and in the develop- The discussion of the church ment of Christian leadership. centered around the fundamental THE CHURCH AND POVERTY IN CHOSEN BY REV. L. T. NEWLAND, Kwang-ju, Korea SOME of the greatest problems ment in many directions; extreme in Korea are due to the gener- poverty leads to disease. Even the al poverty. According to gov- more fertile parts of the country ernment reports about 910 of the are sometimes the most poverty people of Chosen, or about 16,000,- stricken. 000, are in dire poverty and of The explanation of this is inthese 2 % or 3,500,000 are in the volved and concerns the Japanese, the rich Koreans and the people as beggar class. Poverty hinders self a whole. There are now immense support in the churches; poverty Japanese holdings that once beprevents young men and women longed to the Koreans and hunfrom obtaining an education ; pov- dreds of Japanese small farmers erty limits expansion and improve-

are taking the land and the place wrested from a stony creek bed, of Koreans, for the man from Ja- tiny rice fields. They went up on pan can farm more than a Korean. the mountain and farmed land that was so steep that it was almost The rich Korean who lives in the perpendicular. Even this did not cities, and sucks up the small farm- provide enough land to go around; er as a whale sucks up minnows, but still they were able to make a is a growing burden on the econom- bare living. ic life of the nation. While they themselves are rich the paradox These mountains and this valholds that they, like the great land- ley, every inch of them, belong to lords of ancient Rome, have a large two large Japanese corporations part in the poverty of their people. but for years they have rented the land out to the people of this vil- The people as a whole are not lage. Last year there was a change free from blame for their poverty, of overseers and the new man for with an open handed disrespect proved to be anti-Christian and had for the value of money and a de- several concubines all of a queslightful disregard for debts they tionable class. He put woman numcombine an indolence and an un- ber three in a house just below the progressiveness that have left them church building and this sinfar behind. It is true that the steeped social outcast felt keenly rainy season saps their vitality and the scorn of the clean Christian the winters are so mild that they women and the reproach of the litdo not build it back. The very in- tle church that threw an accusing ertia of the farmer has done much shadow across her yard. No soonto strip him of his property and er had she landed than she began his pride. to pull wires with her so called hus- band and by last fall she had pre- Let one example illustrate some vailed on him to take away all the of the underlying reasons for Ko- land from the Christians and give rea's poverty. I have just been to it to her people. This Christian a little church tucked away in the village was thus deprived of every mountains that is so poor that one bit of land they farmed, all rights is depressed to look at the miser- to cut wood and grass on the mounable way in which the people live. tain for fuel and even their little turnip patches and garden spots. Years ago this community made a fair living by growing tobacco A local pastor told me that an on the steep mountainsides. Then average of ten beggars came to his the government, apparently in fa- house each day, While the market vor of the tobacco monoply in place swarms with dirty half naked which it owns large stock, decreed beggar children. Some of these are that no tobacco should be raised in beggars from choice but most of this province. This cut off produc- them have been forced into this tion and raised the price of the fin- life by the economic pressure of ished article. With one stroke of this part of Korea. the pen the livelihood of a whole Under such handicaps and facvillage was swept away and there ing such conditions we are trying was no attempt made to teach the to build a self-supporting, self-repeople how to grow something else specting native church. Our work as a money crop. is almost entirely among the poor The people turned to the narrow valley at their feet and patiently

for they are ready for the Gospel ual revolution which is necessary and the message of Christ who before there is any hope of a ma- was reared in poverty is especially terial gain. The poverty of Korea for the poor. He casts the only is tied to anti-Christian practices ray of light over their economical far more tightly than the people night for He can make them rich themselves know. Superstition and exchange their rags for a means lack of progress and yet a king's robe. religion of superstition fills the life It is hard to ask these poor farm- of the average non-Christian. ers to contribute anything to the Business methods and business church causes for not only have honesty have been well nigh dethey not enough to support their stroyed by the religion of the land family but the most of them are that asked for only a formal obalso burdened with a slowly in- servance and made absolutely no creasing load of debt. Yet perhaps claim upon a man's actions. There is no use to introduce business rethe strength on the Korean native forms and better farming methods church lies in the fact that from so long as people as a whole do not the beginning they have been grasp that the only foundation uptaught a sturdy independence and on which business success can be the value of supporting their own built is a moral basis. work An average of $5.00 per Preaching and teaching of the year in gifts toward the support of the church causes shows how Gospel of Christ is the most urgent loyally the Christians of this part work that confronts the church toof the country stand behind the day. The Christian life as shown church. forth by social workers in all lines of service is needful and the church Does the development of the must not forget to live as well as church life in this land require that preach but unless the man of Kowe give less attention to preaching rea can understand the inner mothe Gospel and put our main effort tive of the Christian life he will into social Christianity? Quite pos- grasp for the fruit and disregard sibly the majority of the young the root. church members would answer with an enthusiastic, yes! The church must not have her eyes distracted from her supreme But the problem cannot be thus business. She will cure Korea's easily solved. The church is social and financial ills far quicker charged with caring for the whole by diagnosing the hidden troubles life of the people. The Christians than by applying a healing lotion should be better farmers, mer- to the ugly eruptions on the surchants, bankers and coolies than face. their non-Christian brothers. Only The church seems scarcely awake Christ's teachings will change the to the fact that there is an economsocial and business customs that ic urgency to her message as well are at the root of much of the pres- as a spiritual. The root trouble ent trouble. The Korean must be with Korea's financial and social remade spiritually before he can wrongs lies, not in the incapacity hope for financial independence. and backwardness of the people, The real solution of this problem but is found in their moral and will be found in a moral and spirit- spiritual inability.

IMPORTANT KOREAN

T HE Korean Government Gen- public schools. Slightly less than eral recently enunciated two 30 per cent. of Korean children of important ref 0 r m s that school age attend any school even should greatly benefit the peasants, including those attending the old- especially the tenant farmers. style Chinese classical schools. To The credit situation in Korea remedy this situation the govern- works severe hardships on the ment proposes to establish an ele- farmers; the recent survey of mentary school of two or more rural conditions made for the In- grades in every township that now ternational Missionary Council lacks one. It is intended that the found that interest rates ran as curriculum of the schools shall be high as 60 per cent. Private ef- made more practical. Care is beforts to remedy this evil have been ing taken in the curriculum "to inadequate. A M 0 n e y Saving free the country from the evil of a Guild was formed from which bookish education such as that members could borrow at not clutching the homeland," as the ofabove 18 per cent, but this was no ficial announcement puts it. Man- assistance to the tenant without se- ual work, handcraft, and gardencurity and, as a result, thousands ing are to be among the subjects lived in practical slavery to the taught along with the three R's and the Japanese and Korean lanmoney lender. guages. Field supervision of ex- The Government General has isting schools is also to be in- now organized "Farmers' Cooper- ative Credit Guilds," each of which creased and normal schools will be will be made up of 30 families, not improved to take care of the demembers of the Money Saving mand for more teachers."

Guild. Through this cooperative CHURCH UNION IN KOREA credit guide, peasants may borrow 20 yen to 50 yen at an interest The two American branches of charge of only 12 per cent. a year. the Methodist Church in Korea The proceeds of the loan must be have sent urgent appeals for per- use d for productive purposes, mission to unite organically and either in agricultural pursuits or yet to maintain relationship to some subsidiary industry. their respective mother churches.

This is a very important reform. The General Conference of the If it operates successfully, the Northern Church has granted this earnings of the capital fund can be petition and appointed a commis- used to expand the system to the sion to act with similar ones from extent of the demand without ad- the Methodist Episcopal Church, ditional expenditure of capital by South, and the Korean Conferthe Government General and one ences. of the greatest handicaps to the fo);o;! ~~ ~~~~~~t:~gtt~C~~~vte~a~g~~~e~':f°~:s economic progress of the Korean tenant will be removed. diti()ns by the Internati()nal Missionary Coun- The second reform relates to ~~l~ i::dfuat~eo~Ys~Ci~r~~dU~lt;~'U~R~S~:~chf education. Barely half of the While in Korea he was asked for suggestions Korean townships, and less than by the Government and bad numerous confer.

six per cent. of the villages, have s~i~~ a~~t~th!~eoffi~i~1:ri~or~11~tirt~e !!:t~~! f~~~~o~~~':f p~~~nl~t ~~~:e~~~!sf:3:ctiC"1 ellnca· 672

A ROMANCE OF MISSIONS IN JAPAN-

I NA band of some one hundred On being questioned as to what and twenty Chinese lads sent he would do if he were released, to America to be educated in Choy's reply was that he would go the year 1873 was one Choy Ting back and fight again. He was de- Kan. This lad spent nine years in tained as a prisoner of war and the United States, graduating at brought to Hiroshima in Japan, the head of his class from the high and there met Mr. Henry Loomis, school of New Britain, Connecticut. who was bringing spiritual help On his return to China, he won the and comfort to the soldiers going confidence and good will of the to the front, to the wounded in the famous statesman, Li Hung Chang, various hospitals, and to the Chi- and was appointed an instructor in nese prisoners who were kept at a the Naval Academy at Tientsin. Buddhist temple about a mile from When the war broke out with Ja- the city.

pan, he was appointed to the com- Captain Choy was given the mand of one of the torpedo boats, Christian Scriptures and other re- and at the battle of Yalu so dis- ligious books, and was enabled to tinguished himself for bravery and make a thorough study of Chris- resourcefulness that he was at once tianity and come to saving faith in promoted to the command of the Jesus Christ.

torpedo fleet at Wei-hai-wei under In course of time he was trans- Admiral Ting. ferred to Osaka, where Mr. Loom- In the course of the naval war is found him in a state of the the admiral determined to send, deepest dejection. The time for the first of all, the torpedo boats close of the war and an exchange against the Japanese fleet. So, in of prisoners was drawing nigh, and company with the other torpedo the news had come to him through boats, Captain Choy ran out of the an English friend in China that he harbor and attempted to sink a was accused of being a traitor and man 0' war; but failing in this, of having led the torpedo fleet in and seeing his return rendered im- deserting Admiral Ting, and that possible by a maneouvre of one of an order had been issued for him the enemy's cruisers, he fled to- to be beheaded the moment he fell ward Chefoo, and being pursued by into Chinese hands. Consequently a larger and swifter vessel, he ran Choy saw that his only hope lay in his boat aground and he and his securing a release that would en- crew flung themselves into the icy able him to remain in Japan, or water and made for the shore. The escape to some other country. This survivors were few, but among led him to pray earnestly that Mr.

them Captain Choy found himself Loomis might be sent to him in his clinging to the edge of the shore hour of need. It was with great ice but unable to lift himself out joy that he welcomed his friend as of the water. At this juncture a a direct answer to prayer.

Japanese soldier, attracted to the Mr. Loomis's presentation of the spot, drew him out. case was listened to very sympa- of • This interesting story was written by the thetically at the Japanese war of- l:li:'leR~~;'i!.~n~;, ~~~::,~~, agent the American fice, and after some delay, word 673 2

came that he would be released on fess I love the Book dearly. The condition that Mr. Loomis would one you gave me at Hiroshima is take charge of him. Consequently my constant guide and companion, this young Chinese officer of and the spare spaces in it are bestrength and promise found him- ing filled with marks and notes so self an inmate of a Christian home, that if you come to Formosa, you the influence of which upon his own will see it buoyed and beaconed heart and life he refers to over and with red and blue ink with Chinese over again in letters written to his and English notes and other pribenefactor. vate helps to the digestion of the Bread of Life. From Yokohama Captain Choy went to Formosa, where he re- "My estimate of the worth of the ceived an appointment under the book is the lifting power it pos- Japanese Government as inter- sesses: how far it is able to make preter in the Commissariat Depart- men good, noble and happy, how ment. Here he identified himself high it can elevate us from the with Christians, became a very beasts and brutes and makes us earnest lay worker, and was so true men. In no other book, ancient blessed in this labor of love that or modern, heathen or Christian, he determined to devote himself en- are such standards set forth as in tirely to Christian work. the Bible. It does not only refine our nature and carry us to a loftier The following extract from one sphere, but it makes us sons and of his letters shows something of daughters of God, and heirs to a the calibre and spirit of the man: throne more glorious than earthly "I know you have been asking all kings in the height of their ambithe time, What is your spiritual ex- tion ever dreamed of. perience? What is your relation to the Lord of Glory? I have been "Another standard of the worth happy without anxiety, for I know of the Book is its power of inducthat He careth for me. It is my ing thought. A book is not necesexperience that to be a Christian sarily valuable because it contains is to be happy. To know that certain facts; but it is valuable and Christ is ours, which means that precious because its perusal will everything else is ours and yet to stimulate thoughts in us. It will be fret and to be anxious, to wear a valuable in proportion to its power wrinkled face and a knitted brow, of setting our own minds in active a drooping head and a heavy heart, motion. Some books, though interand to make the cross of Christ a esting on first reading, will appear heavy burden seems to me highly distasteful on a second perusal; profane. We should show others but the Bible is inexhaustible in the light, the joy, the hope and the depth, and even after repeated bright prospects of a Christian life. readings new thoughts will rise and present themselves. The closer "Christianity is not a philosophy, not a fiction, not a superstition, but we examine the more there is in it. a living and practical faith. There- It is really a world-a world of fore I am always happy as possess- thoughts, a world of joy, a world ing Him who supplies and satisfies of blessed promises." every want. In course of time, the captain "In obedience to your good ad- found his way back to Hongkong; vice I read the Bible daily. I con- and finally, under the influence of

A ROMANCE OF MISSIONS IN JAPAN

Li Hung Chang, was repatriated "You have mentioned Joseph in and was eventually found identified your letter, but 1 have tried for with the reform movement. years to soothe myself with the After the death of his wife and thought of Job. It is vain to ex- two children from plague in 1903 pect happiness on earth. Religion Mr. Choy dropped all correspond- is a moral exercise and an educa- ence with his old friend and for tion of the soul. It is a force for some nine years was lost sight of the upbuilding of character. It altogether. But, one day in 1912, does not necessarily bring with it Mr. Loomis, at the home of the human happiness; it only enables American Consul Generij.l at Y0- to bear with fortitude the trials of kohama, overheard a correspondent life. It was wrong to expect that of the Associated Press from China religion could make us truly happy using the name of Tsai (Pekinese in the earthly sense, or that God for Choy) Ting Kan, and speaking could exempt us from the physical of him as the right hand man of laws of nature through our Yuan Shi Kai, President of the prayers. God does not bribe us in- Chinese Republic, who had loyally to belief by promises of bliss. God stood by Yuan in the darkest hours, is a moral being, and we know him and played no small part in bring- best who receive Him with philo- ing order out of confusion during sophic calm through the channel of those troublous days. Further in- faith, which begets knowledge and quiry revealed the fact that this wisdom to guide our thoughts and was none other than Captain Choy, acts, and lift us above the idea of now raised to the rank of admiral sorrow or joy.

and private secretary and confiden- "Years of brooding thought and tial adviser to the President. A bitter trials have indelibly burned renewal of correspondence led to these convictions into my mind. If, the cementing of the old ties of then, my interpretation of the re- friendship. The following extracts lation between the finite and the from a recent letter throw a flood infinite differs from that of yours, of light upon Choy's experiences 1 ask for leniency and Christian during the period of silence. "The charity."

death of my wife and two sons Soon after the reception of this crushed all faith out of me, and letter an invitation came from the for years 1 have been a sceptic. It admiral for Mr. and Mrs. Loomis was my determination never to to visit him in Peking, every ex- write to you again if 1 had to say pense of travel and entertainment 'I deny God.' For years a blank- being provided. Accepting, Mr. and ness reigned in my dismal soul. Mrs. Loomis, on reaching Peking Only glimmering rays occasionally found their friend Choy Ting Kan lighted up its dark and chilly cham- in earnestness and singleness of bers. For years I kept a studied heart doing a great work as the silence. Your affectionate letters head of the Salt Gabele, or Bureau, were read and re-read. Often I and in helping guide the state took up my pen to write to you, but through the troubled waters of the the mental struggle always ended present crisis; and, best of all, with the resolution not to break they had the testimony from his your heart by confessing that 1 own lips that his faith in God was deny God. daily growing stronger.

P. MACKAY-A

SECRETARY BY REV. A. E. ARMSTRONG, D.D., Toronto, Canada Secretary Qf the United Ohu,rch oj Canada Board of Foreign Mi8sio"n~ I N 1892 Robert P. MacKay was a charter member of the Confer- appointed by the General As- ence of Foreign Mission Boards sembly of the Presbyterian Church in Canada as its first Sec- and only five now survive who atretary of Foreign Missions and for tended the first meeting in 1893thirty-four years he gave conse- Robert E. Speer, W. Henry Grant, crated leadership to the cause of Oliver R. Avison, John R. Mott and J. Campbell White. Dr. MacKay's first statement to that conference thirty~six years ago-"If we could get the ministers of our churches interested, the congregations will be"-was indicative of his efforts for the extension of the Master's Kingdom. He lived for the spread of the Gospel, and he saw clearly that if the minister has the mis- sionary passion, the people will fol- low his leadership.

Dr. MacKay evinced his keen in- terest in the cause of missionary ROBERT P. MACKAY education by helping in 1902 to or- ganize the Young People's Missionworld evangelization, retiring in ary Movement (now the Mission- 1926. His service was marked by ary Education Movement). at sound judgment, sympathetic un- Silver Bay, New York, and by prederstanding, even temperament siding for many years over one of and lofty principles. In his trans- the annual summer conferences of lation The United Church of Cana- that movement at Whitby, Ontario. da and the Foreign Missions Conference of North America have Two characteristics were very lost one of their most gifted, de- marked in Dr. MacKay'S life and voted and beloved leaders. He was work. (1) He was a man of prayer. Much of his reading-and he read many books on many subjects- consisted of volumes on prayer, mysticism and the devotional life. Next to his Bible, which he knew very intimately, he loved literatUre on communion with the Eternal, and on the cultivation of the spir- itual life. He actually lived "the life which flows from prayer and from which prayer flows."

(2) He was a good letter writer.

676

ROBERT P. MACKAY-A SAINTLY SECRETARY

Dr. MacKay never allowed his pen sonality of George Paxton Young, to be supplanted by the lazier meth- Professor of Philosophy in the od of dictation. That is to say, his University of Toronto, whose rocontinual use of his pen enabled bust character and brilliant teachhim, even in dictation, to incorpo- ing made an abiding impression rate into typed letters those human upon the young student. Dr. Macand personal touches which led Kay was a thorough student and many, including scores of foreign was for many years examiner in missionaries, to treasure his com- Church History in his beloved Alma munications because of their sym- Mater, Knox College, Toronto. In pathy, insight and cheer. 1900 he was honored with the de- gree of D.D. by Knox College of Dr. MacKay lived simply. He whose Senate he was a useful memindulged in no expensive tastes, ber for about thirty years. In 1911 and being alone for the last two he was enthusiastically elected decades of his life, he gave gener- Moderator of the General Assemously to worthy enterprises and to bly of the Presbyterian Church in needy people. He bequeathed one- Canada. Of his moderatorship, a quarter of his modest estate to the distinguished minister of the work of Foreign Missions. Visit- church said: "There never was a ing sick friends and those who better Moderator. Quick, alert, were passing through the shadows, never off his guard, nothing ever comforting the lonely and the be- missed him, and he held that large reaved, and sympathizing with the body in a grip that never relaxed unfortunate were so natural to him from the moment of his election that his presence in any company right to the close. Yet such was or home was regarded as a bene- his spirit of kindliness and considdiction. eration that no one could be bad tempered in a meeting over which He was always very human, and he presided, and he made it, in possessed the saving grace of hu- spite of its difficulties, one of the mor much beyond the ordinary. Assemblies most to be remembered His capacity for telling ~ good in the church's history." story, indulging in a witticism or a joke made him popular with a host Dr. MacKay was a warm friend of friends, and his company desired and adviser of the Student Volunon social occasions. teer Movement for Foreign Mis- sions, and was always ready to give The name "MacKay" was com- counsel to young people concerned mon in the Canadian Presbyterian about their life work. He was acministry; twelve of his clan from tive in the formation of the Canathe one congregation of Embro, in dian School of Missions, an the famous township of Zorra, Ox- interdenominational institution for ford County, Ontario, entering the the specialized training of Canaservice of the church during the dian missionaries and missionary ministry of the first pastor, Rev. candidates, and was continuously Donald MacKenzie, who, it may be a member of its Council. He was added, was the means under God also the esteemed President of the of leading some forty young men Toronto Bible College, an honored to devote their lives to the min- member of the Alliance of Reistry of Jesus Christ. formed Churches, and was notable Another potent influence in Dr. MacKay's life was the inspiring per-

in his work as convener of its Com- court his wife passed away leaving mittee on Foreign Missions. him with one child, a daughter whom he gladly gave to foreign Dr. MacKay was devoted to the mission service, as the wife of Rev. promotion of organic union of Andrew Thomson of China. Evangelical Churches, and labored for more than a score of years to Dr. MacKay left his home in Toachieve the consummation of the ronto on Saturday, the 25th of last union of the Congregational, Meth- May, intending to preach in the odist and Presbyterian Churches in new Chalmer's Church, Woodstock, Canada. He regarded it as one of Ontario; but he was taken ill that the happiest days of his life when, same evening, and, without sufferon June 10, 1925, on the platform ing, quietly slipped away during of the arena in Toronto with eight Sunday night-the Lord's Day, thousand people present, he joined which he always observed as truly with other distinguished ministers a holy day, in his old home town, and laymen in signing the "Basis ready to preach the Gospel which at Union," his name occupying first he loved to proclaim, with his only place among those who subscribed child home from missionary service their names on behalf of the Pres- in China at his bedside-what byterian Church in Canada. more fitting close could there be to such a saintly life? In 1906 and 1907 Dr. MacKay visited the Asiatic missions of his As one intimately associated church, and some fields of other with him in delightful secretarial churches, and nine years later he service for twenty years, the writvisited Trinidad and British Gui- er may be permitted a brief, perana. Both missionaries and pastors sonal tribute. Those relations were of local churches testified to the akin to that of father and son, for value of his visits, and to the spir- there developed a real affection and itual benefits derived from his mes- a confidence that remain a precious sages. memory. One could freely discuss with such a sympathetic soul as Dr. Dr. MacKay reached the ripe age MacKay matters affecting the perof eighty-two years, having served sonnel and the work of the various almost fifty-two years as an or- fields knowing that all would be redained minister. For fifteen years garded as confidential, and would he ministered to two congrega- inure to the best interests of those tions,-first that of Knox, Agin- concerned and to the work of court, Ontario, and second in Christ's Kingdom. Parkdale, Toronto. While at Agin- THE INESCAPABLE CHRIST C HRIST in life is inescapable. It was Henry George who said, "I love the people and was led to Christ as their best friend." It was Cardinal Manning who replied, "I loved Christ and was led to love the people for whom Christ died." It was a Hindu who said to me, "No one but Christ is seriously bidding for the heart of the world. There is no one else in the field." The modern man knows that he must be religious after the mind of Christ or not be religious at all. E. STANLEY JONES.

TURNING POINT IN

Some Effects of the Murder of Dr. John E. Williams of Nanking N o LESS a man than Dr. C. on the 24th of March the most unfortu- T. Wang, the Minister of nate incident took place-The so-called Foreign Affairs of the Na- "Nanking incident." My friend Dr. tionalist Government of China, has written to Mrs. Williams to ex- Williams, the vice-president of Nanking press his conviction that the mar- University, was the victim. tyrdom of her beloved and honored husband, the vice-president of Dr. Williams, of Anglo-Saxon ances- Nanking University, in March, try, came to China for the Kingdom of 1927, marked the turning point in the history of the Chinese revolution. Dr. Wang, who was a warm personal friend of Dr. Williams, has caused a monument of white marble to be erected in his memory with an inscription of six hundred Chinese characters which testify to Dr. Williams' character and love for China and the benefits of his twenty-eight years of service and his final great sacri- fice.

MEMORIAL STONE ERECTED TO JOHN E. WILLIAMS ERECTED BY DR. C. T. WANG, Minister oj Fm-dgn AjJaiJ"S for the Nat-iona,Zist Government 0/ China A T~an8lation of Charact e,'s Being the old capitol and stronghold God. I met him in Japan in 1906, where we were cooperating in the founding of most suitable as a political center, Nanking is considered a strategic city by a Chinese Young Men's Christian Asso- ciation for students from China. He militarists. was a real scholar; a man of high per- After the removal of the capitol to the sonalty; he was the best friend to the north in 1911, Nanking became the prey Chinese from the Western hemisphere. of militarists for more than ten years. Although Dr. Williams was only one Gen. Chiang Kai-Shek, with dual re- of the victims of the Nanking incident, sponsibility for the party, and tbe late we took his death as the most important tragedy. The death of Dr. Williams Shuan Li, led their followers from Can- really gave us unification because it ton in the Northern Expedition. caused an internal clearing and cleans- Within a few months, Hupeh, Kiangsi, ing in our forces; so that the Northern Fukien and Chekiang were conquered Expedition could be continued. one after another. His death is certainly as heavy upon The fall of Nanking to the armies of Chiang Kai-Shek, on the 24th of March, (1926), was considered the most important victory for the party because we could then view the control of the Nation within a few months.

Due to a disloyal act, and in order to bring about international complications, 679

us as Tai Shan Mountain. This is why provinces of China. The work he has we must never forget him. I.. w,ap.g accomplished will indeed remain with us. In order to perpetuate his memory, and Chen Ting, regret so much 1!lY mablllty particularly to convey to the future gento protect in time of great dIstress; for erations the important part he has the purpose of expressing my deep sor- played in China's struggle for freedom, row, I have created this memorial stone.

WANG CHEN TING, a stone tablet will be erected at his tomb MINISTER OF FOREIGN AFFAIRS. with appropriate words in Chinese, JAN. 11, 1929. which I will have translated and printed The stone marks the grave in the peaceful little "God acre" in Nan- in English. CHENGTING. king where loving Chinese hands laid the body of their friend, to Mr. Chiang Su-Hsiang, Secre- tary of the Alumni Association at rest in the city he loved. Nanking, wrote to Mrs. Williams on January 9th, of this year, in be- half of the Alumni Association, as Dr. Wang wrote as follows to follows; Mrs. Williams in letters dated from The presence of Dr. Williams to the Shanghai, April 13, 1928, and from University was a gift to us from God. He has done a great work for the Uni- Nanking, December 10, 1928, and versity. Without him the University January 11, 1929; could never have attained its present My dear friend's death, tog~ther,,:vit.h status. His passing away is an irre- the others during the Nanking mCI- trievable loss to the University ….. .

dent," marked the turning point of s.av- Dr. Williams suffered like his Master. ing this nation from the red terrOI'lsm You have given us an example of how throughout the country. But f~r the Nanking "incident," the Kuommtang to live and how to stand the difficult life. The physical body of Dr. Williams is not would probably have gone on in its fixed with us but his unperishable spirit is plan of driving northward with the rear moving incessantly upon us and upon left wide open for the "reds" to occupy China and some day China will bring and ruin. The Nanking outrages were her whole family to adore Christ as our an eye-opener to the leaders of the party Saviour and our life. Shall we not feel to the great dangers of harboring ~he "reds" within the party. The drIve satisfied if each one of us can contribute northward had to be delayed in o~der that full attention and energy be gIven his own little part to the work of God?

to driving the internal foes out of the Dr. Williams gave his all for China. His life ought to be emulated by all of party first. In all probability, if the us. What we need today is not only an reds were not ousted at that time, an- unselfish life but a generous soul-a servother six months would have ena!>led ing spirit which may help to awake us them to grow so strong that they mIght from the slumber of moral paralysis.

have been able to annihilate the moderate Whenever we think of Dr. Williams, we members of the Kuomintang and create feel that his life is the life that should be lived by everyone of us. .The world a strong Red party in control of. the country. Imagine what havoc mIght will not be saved by those who live for have been wrought in the whole country! themselves alone. Dr. Williams gave his life always for others. He has given all So I say Jack's (Dr. Williams') death he could give. God will give him a was the means of saving hundreds of worthy place in His Kingdom.

thousands of other lives. "Perhaps the greatest and most CHENGTING (C. T. WANG). valuable result of all education is the ability to make yourself do the *** thing you have to do, when it has Perhaps it will be of some consolation to be done, whether you like it or to you to know that the extrem~ sacri~ce of your husband was the turnmg pomt of our Northern Expedition. It was that not. It is the first lesson that ought to be learned, and however unfortunate incident of March 24, 1927, early a man's training begins, it is that caused the Nationalist leaders to probably the last lesson that he purge the Kuomintang Party of the coIT?- munistic elements at all costs. By hIS life, Jack brought about the union w?rk learns." in missions as exemplified in the eXIst- These are the words of Thomas ence of the University of Nanking, a1!-d Huxley, a scholar and an able man who overcame tremendous odds. by his death he became instru1l!ental In effecting the union of the dIstracted

A FIVE YEAR CAMPAIGN IN

What China's Christian Council Is Doing T HIS year's meeting of the Na- worth in fostering and expressing fel- tional Christian Council of lowship and unity, in considering the China differed from preceding needs of the church on a nation-wide meetings in that members were basis, as a bureau of information, in elected by Chinese church bodies. promoting exchange between East and Three hundred and seventeen thousand West of outstanding Christian work- church members, or seventy-two per ers, in serving as a means whereby cent of the total Protestant Christian the Christian forces in China may ex- body thus sent delegates of their own press themselves unitedly on great choice. This meant a radical change moral issues and in representing the of basis from the China Continuation Christian forces in China in relation Committee which was a self-perpetuat- to the International Missionary Coun- ing body. This year, for the first cil and the National Christian Coun- time, it was a cross section of those cils of other countries.

who could speak with authority for The Annual Meeting was held at their various constituencies. Hangchow Christian College and was The new constitution, adopted pro- preceded by five regional retreat con- visionally in this meeting, provides ferences, held at Mukden, Peiping, for a biennial meeting of which the Canton, Hankow and Shanghai, and a membership will be composed of ap- special conference at Shanghai on proximately sixty-five per cent di- Christian Literature. Dr. John R.

rectly elected by church bodies and Mott and a number of the National proportionate to their membership. Christian Council Secretaries, and (There are now twenty-three church more than half of the delegates had bodies, including the Church of Christ been present at one or another of in China and others which bring to- these conferences.

gether a number of churches.) In ad- In North China the representatives dition, national organizations, such as of twenty-two church, association and the Y. M. C. A. and Y. W. C. A., the college groups centered their atten- China Christian Educational AS8ocia- tion on the Christian worker. A care- tion, the Council on Higher Educa- ful survey showed a great dearth of tion, the medical and philanthropic higher trained workers. In addition work, Christian Literature Societies, to this report there was given a de- the China Sunday School Union and tailed account of experiments in de- Bible Societies, have representation veloping lay leadership as carried on not to exceed twenty per cent of the in the London Missionary Society at total. The ExecutiTe Committee was Siaochang in connection with the ag- also empowered to coopt members up ricultural evangelism at Fenchow, of to fifteen per cent of the total mem- the training center for country work- bership, now about one hundred and ers in Tunghsien, mass education in twenty-five. Paotingfu, the laymen's training in- The constitution also provides for stitute in Lintsing and mass education an Administrative Committee of for women and girls as developed in thirty members which comes together the Methodist field of Changli.

twice a year and aims at a geographi- All the regional conferences passed cally wide representation and a small votes in favor of the Forward Evan- Executive Committee. gelistic Movement. Further study of The National Christian Council is this subject was undertaken by Com- organized to secure effective Chris- mission I during the National Chris- tian leadership and has proven its tian Council meeting under the leader- 681

ship of R. J. McMullen and P. J. Chow. to say: "We recommend that the Na- The Commission report defined the tional Christian Council make a study two-fold objective of this movement of successful experiments in enlisting as follows: and training voluntary workers, and 1. The cultivation among Christians urge the church to make every effort of a deeper knowledge of Christ, of a to reach and use lay leadership." more intimate fellowship with Him, and of a more courageous following of Him With regard to the need for misin all the relationships of life. sionaries, the Commission said: 2. The carrying out of a vigorous evan- The present time calls for urgent efgelistic program in the hope that within forts: Chinese Christians should increasthe next five years the number of Chris- ingly assume responsibility. Even where tians will at least be doubled. and when the Chinese Church has at- tained the self-directing stage of in- :'"'r. Mott said that large and dif- digenous life, there is still a great and ficult undertakings call forth "latent vital need for missionaries with religious energies and drive one back to God." experience, vocational training, devotion He had learned "to distrust any plan to service, who are moved with a desire to assist their Chinese coworkers, to push forward to fulfill the command of Jesus that is not impossible," and we must Christ. At that time separate mission therefore, "gird up the loins of our organizations on the field will no longer minds, lay a mine of prayer, and go be necessary, but missionaries will serve forward." The Council unanimously within the Chinese Church on equal terms expressed its hearty approval of the with Chinese Christians. campaign and then spent a period in prayer that its objectives might be The last command of Christ and the realized. Dr. Cheng Ching Yi is be- yearning call of the Macedonians will ing asked to give full time to this ring in our ears as in the past. The pro- gram of "China for Christ" needs to be campaign and all of the National pushed more vigorously than ever; work Christian Council Secretaries and is urgent and many workers are needed. Committees are asked to organize Missionaries with the sacrificial spirit are, therefore, urged to come to China and serve.

their work around it as a central ob- Commission III on Religious Educajective. Other workers are to be se- tion under the leadership of D. W. cured, literature prepared and trans- Lyon and C. S. Miao, urged the use of lated, and a Standing Committee to be educational and psychological methods organized which shall be its inspira- in evangelistic work and improvement tional center and correlating agency in Sunday-school methods. The Counfor the nation. It will sound a call to cil was asked to carry out the followprayer and make every effort to enlist ing in this regard: the whole-hearted cooperation of the churches. 1. To promote spiritual life in Chris- tian families and publish suitable ma- Commission II, under the leadership terial for this purpose. of Bishop Tsen and Bishop Birney, dealt with the problem of church 2. To promote associations for discusworkers and the need for a program sions of home problems and to publish suitable materials for their use.

3. To encourage theological seminaries which will appeal to the adventure and and Bible schools for men and women to patriotism of Chinese youth. Stu- emphasize religious education in the curdent associations and the Student riculum. Volunteer Movement are to be asked to cooperate with the churches in pre- 4. To seek help in personnel from orsenting the claims of Christian serv- ganizations affiliated with the National Christian Council in promoting religious education in the home.

ice to young men and women. The Commission IV, with E. W. Burt use of the daily church school was pro- and Dr. T. C. Bau as leaders, pre- posed as a means of bringing direct sented a report on the Relation of the Christian teaching to students in reg- "Younger and Older Churches." The istered schools. Regarding the volun- meeting passed votes for a financial tary workers, the Commission had this survey in China which had been asked

THE JAPANESE CHURCH AND MISSIONS

for by the Jerusalem Meeting of the cil. Dr. Mott helped the group to face International Missionary Council and the difficulties and sacrifices necessary a nation-wide survey of the present to make this movement a success but situation of the churches in China showed how there must be hdvance topreparatory to receiving a delegation ward organic union.

from the missionary Boards to work The extent of the work of the Naout a policy for future cooperation. tional Christian Council can be seen from the budget for the coming year, Commission V, on Literature, with amounting to nearly $100,000, and a Dr. C. L. Hsia, of Shanghai, and Prof. staff of ten secretaries, all employed T. C. Chao, of Yenching, as leaders, for full time. The closing devotional grappled seriously with the problems meeting brought the conference to deeply understand their motto, "0, of the production and distribution of Lord, revive thy Church, beginning Christian literature. It was voted to organize a Standing Committee to cor- from me." The one hundred and relate the efforts of existing organiza- thirty-eight delegates and secretaries return to forty-one cities in thirteen tions that will have a budget sufficient provinces to make actual the vision to enable it to meet the need for the and high resolves formed in the conpublication of Christian literature of ference. On each one's heart was the wide variety. five-year program of evangelistic ef- Meetings of the Church of Christ in fort. China were held at least four times between regular sessions of the Coun- THE JAPANESE CHURCH AND MISSIONS BY REV. ARTHUR D. BERRY, Tokyo, Japan ,Missionary of the Method'ist Episcopal OhurchJ 190'/t M OST of the Christian leadership in general to the J apa- churches in Japan are in- nese. The natural order seems to be missionary leadership, native lead- dependent of foreign con- ership, and then suitable leadertrol. The nationalization of the ship. churches was brought about with no harmful results, since it has Church union in Japan is a problong been an accepted principle lem which is left to the national that the churches should be J apa- churches. Bodies closely related nese. This question seems to have have united already and the Japano relation to the continuance of nese must decide whether there missionaries in the country. The Japanese have been given the lead- shall be more union. Boards and ership in a large part of the Chris- missionaries are not interfering. tian church and school work. We The churches are not in haste to have risen above the question of unite when it is in their power so Japanese leadership to a higher to do.. The Boards and missionstage. Our Japanese leaders are aries do not keep them apart, but impatient when it is suggested that have often taken the lead in church a man is not eligible to a position union. The settlement of these imbecause he is a foreigner. They portant questions, has not pushed say that it is not a matter of race on the great Christian task in but of fitness. We could never Japan to a rapid conclusion. The have reached this stage so com- secret of quickly winning all the pletely if we had not given the world to Christ is the great un- solved problem of the church today.

ENCOURAGEMENTSINJAPAN*

BY REV. PAUL S. VAN DYKE A NOTEWORTHY s t e p to- sale of Bibles to high school boys war d s independence and and girls at meetings held for them self-support has been taken when they are dismissed from by many native Churches in Japan, school in the afternoon. which have been receiving financial subsidies from the mission for The student, teacher and official a period of from ten to twenty class are the most approachable years, when these churches were class of people in the empire. This turned over to the presbytery and class of people generally live away a yearly decreasing scale of assist- from parental influence which is ance for them adopted. This plan often prejudicial to Christianity. brings the self-support of these In pursuing the line of least resistchurches definitely in sight and ance, which is the ordinary way of means the diversion of missionary working, most of the Christian conmoney and effort to more needy verts, especially in the cities, have and unoccupied fields. been drawn from these classes. In spite of the gradual industrializa- Another encouraging feature is tion of the cities the bulk of the that the feeling in general between population still consists of farmers the mission body and the native and small shop keepers, the most church is that of increasing good- conservative classes of the nation, will. A regional conference in- and these classes, particularly those cluding native evangelists, pastors who dwell in villages, are practiof independent churches and mis- cally untouched by the Gospel. sionaries was held recently at which evangelistic methods and The Holiness Church and the Saldoctrinal problems were discussed. vation Army, with their rigid in- sistence upon absolute separation Perhaps the most significant fea- from idolatry, a definite Christian ture of the whole situation in experience and their simplicity in Japan is that patient and persever- presentation of the gospel, have ing seed sowing leads to certain re- accomplished more among these sults. A missionary in Japan bap- classes than the larger and matetizes in one year from eight to rially better equipped missions. A twenty converts. comparison of the results of these In distributing and selling liter- and other small poorly-equipped ature from house to house out of missions convinces us of the supeforty places visited perhaps ten riority of their spiritual equipment will buy a gospel portion or five and backing. If Japan is to be cent tract and three or four will really evangelized these classes talk freely about the nature of must be reached through the de- Christianity. The number influ- velopment of lay Christians among enced to the extent of going to them. The most arresting factor church by this work is almost neg- in the missionary situation is the ligible. Some missionaries are same, yesterday, today and tomorhaving remarkable success in the row – a spiritual awakening on the part of both foreign and na- • Con4ep5e4 from The Presbyterian Survey. tive workers.

684

A NEW THING IN HOME

BY REV. WILLIAM R. KING, D.D., New York E:cecut1v6 Secretuy, Home Missions OouncH D ENOMINATIONAL compe- good deal of the church's effort tition is rapidly being out- today is expended in keeping the lawed. Christians have out- machinery running. It takes a con- lived sectarian rivalry. There is siderable part of the time of our in our hearts a revolt against it. preachers to oil the wheels. It con- We have discovered that it is not sumes much money in perpetuat- only poor religion, but it is bad ing our differences and our worn business. It belongs no longer out organizations. Weare paying among Christian churches. Coop- too high a price for competition.

eration and consolidation are now The famous cartoon "Keeping up the vogue in all lines of modern with the J oneses" has many les- life. The world is being forced sons for the church. There is en- to it. Competition is war and "War tirely too much of that sort of is hell." Religious competition thing between our denominational means destruction both for the families.

loser and the winner. Has not the time come for the Mr. Paul M. Mazur in his won- churches to get together in our derfully informing book, "Amer- common task of making America'

ican Prosperity," says, "We are Christian? Many of the best minds destined to witness a period of of the church think that it has.

tremendous industrial consolida- The mission boards especially tion. This demand is coming not think the time has come for a real from the producers or' sellers, but serious attempt to pull together from the consumers. They are and not separately. Both at home tired of the high cost of competi- and abroad there is a rapidly ris- tion. There are opposing forces, ing tide of sentiment for a closer certain laws and enactments, and alinement of denominational forces a great deal of human nature, but and resources in mission work. In consolidation is bound to win and fact this is the most pronounced men will realize that personal conviction of our missionaries.

power and liberty are safeguarded From every mission field of the by union, and jeopardized by in- world there come startling testi- dustrial anarchy." monies of the evils of denomina- As in industry, so in the church, tional rivalry, and pathetic appeals we have been guilty of over-produc- for Christian unity and coopera- tion. We have organized too many tion.

churches. We have created too In view of this need for a more much organization. We have set united Christian approach to the up too much machiner.y. To keep task of missions, the Home Mis- our mass production and to keep sions Council, with the cooperation the machinery running we are of the Council of Women for Home forced to speed up salesmanship Missions and the Federal Council by means of expensive advertising of the Churches of Christ in Am- and high pressure promotion. A erica, is now making a special 685

study of the home missionary en- which we are hearing so much in terprise, in what it calls the Five these recent years? If we can Year Program of Survey and Ad- bring our denominational bodies justment. together in organized cooperation, This is the first time in the his- we may find ourselves a long way tory of American Protestantism on the road toward church union.

when such a study of Home Mis- Second. The survey of the sions was ever attempted. Thirty- United States state by state, county seven national mission boards, by county, and community by com- representing twenty-eight denomi- munity. This is a simple, practical, nations in the United States and inexpensive fact-finding effort to Canada are cooperating in this discover the conditions of over- movement. The Program is pro- churching, inadequate churching, ceeding along four distinct lines. and over-looking. The survey is First. The organization of State now well under way in more than Councils-either state Councils of a dozen states. It has been finished Churches, Home Missions Councils, in New Hampshire. The results Interdenominational Comity Com- are very illuminating and confirm missions or Superintendents' Coun- the conclusions of the Cleveland cils. There are now more than Comity Conference.

three score state and local councils The towns, or townships were of various kinds. This is the first classified in three groups. Those . necessary step in bringing about that are inadequately churched, interdenominational cooperation. that is, having no church at all, or There must be some organization very poor and inadequate churches; through which the denominations those that are adequately churched, can function cooperatively. In the that is, having about the right num- states where we have had state fed- ber of churches for the community eration of churches for a number with resident pastors and reason- of years, the denominations are able budget and fair equipment; much closer together and the co- those that are over-churched, that operative programs are much fur- is, having more churches than the ther along. This is, to be sure, community can support, or than another organization, and our de- are needed to care for the spiritual sire is to reduce rather than in- interests of the community.

crease the number of organiza- In the 222 New Hampshire tions. But there is a difference. towns of less than 5,000 population These state councils are organiza- the survey discovered – Thirty- tions of organizations. They are three towns that are classified as for the purpose of coordinating de- inadequately churched. They are nominational organizations, bring- for the most part small towns and ing them into friendly cooperation, open country. The aggregate popu- and furnishing opportunities for lation is 9,753. In these thirty- the conference and fellowship so three towns there are twenty-six much needed among our churches. churches with a total membership How can we cooperate until we of 372, or an average per church know each other and become ac- of fourteen members. There are quainted with each other's pro- in these same churches fourteen grams? May they not also be Sunday-schools with a total enroll- pointing the way toward that ment of 197 scholars, or an aver- larger union of churches about. age per school of thirteen.

A NEW THING IN HOME MISSIONS

One hundred and sixteen towns one of our oldest states. But the are cluBsified as adequately saddest part of the situation is the churched, that is, having one church fact that more than half (50.9 %) to about 1,000 population with a of all the population of that state reasonable program and equip- is entirely unchurched-untouched ment and resident pastor. by any kind of church-Protestant, Eighty-three towns of the 222 Catholic or Jewish. What is still are classified as over-churched. more distressing is the fact that These towns have an aggregate New Hampshire is no exception.

population of 118,510, more than Surveys that are now in progress one-fourth of the entire popula- in Pennsylvania, Oklahoma, Colo- tion of the state. They contain 293 rado and other states show equally churches with a total membership disappointing figures.

of 21,463, or an average member- Third. Adjustments. The sur- ship of seventy-three. There is one veys are being followed in each church in these eighty-three towns state, county and community by a for every 403 people, more than systematic, deliberate attempt on twice as many churches as there the part of denominational bodies should be according to the com- and responsible executives to cor- monly accepted standard of Prot- rect the evils of competition, over- estant churches for every 1,000 lapping and inadequate churching.

population, the population being These adjustments can be made, homogeneous as to color and lan- where the local communities have guage. the cooperative spirit, by mergers, Here are some details from the federations, consolidations or mu- survey-twenty-six towns of less tual exchanges of fields. This is the than 1,000 population have each difficult part of the program. There three or more active churches, or are so many local situations to one Protestant church for every meet, denominational loyalties and 217 of the population. An aggre- traditions, community problems, gate population of 18,644 is served ecclesiastical machinery, and the by eighty-six Protestant churches. ever present ubiquitous human na- These churches have a total mem- ture. This is necessarily a slow bership of 3,284 or an average per process and will take years to work church of thirty-eight members. out, but progress is being made.

Seventeen towns, exclusive of the Comity is working in many places.

one-church towns, with a total Some entire states are boasting of population of 8,709 have fifty not a single violation of comity or churches, or an average of one overlapping or competition. Our church for every 161 of the popu- large cities are, through their city lation. The average membership of federations and comity committees, these fifty churches is twenty-six. making splendid headway in solv- These details could be continued ing these problems.

at great length. For example, one Fourth. The North American town of 1,537 people has five Home Mission Congress is to be churches; another of 1,173 people held in Washington, D. C., Novem- has six churches; another of 1,546 ber 30th to December 5, 1930.

people has six churches; another This is a part of the inclusive of 1,400 has seven churches. Five Year Program and is to be These are enough to show the the outstanding event of the entire seriousness of over-churching in undertaking. It is a part of the

educational side of the program. the best method of getting the There will be held in each state, cause before the Church so as to conferences both state and local, to secure a response in prayer, symreview the results of the surveys, pathy, life and money. and create sentiment favorable to the indicated needed adjustments. COMMISSION III is making an But in addition to these state and exhaustive study of Cooperation in regional conferences, the Washing- Home Missions. Dr. Kenyon L. ton Congress is needed for a more Butterfield, Ex-president of Michithorough-going study of the entire gan State College of Agriculture is Task of Home Missions as we face the chairman, and with him are it today. This is intended more for associated more than thirty men the leaders of Home Mission work; and women who are going into a those who are charged with policies very extended study of the whole and programs of administration question of cooperation in the and direction. Home Missionary Enterprise. They will bring to the Congress for dis. Three large commissions have cussion some very constructive and been at work for a year and will statesmanlike recommendations. continue their studies for nearly two more years, gathering data The purpose of the Congress is preparatory to the Congress. Their a serious attempt to reevaluate the reports will furnish the basis of the task of Home Missions and, in the deliberation of the Congress. light of present day conditions in the church and in the country, to COMMISSION I, of Which Rev. suggest better ways of doing the William Adams Brown, D.D. is work. The Congress is to be a chairman, is studying The Task deliberative body-not a mass and Administration of Home Mis- meeting. The representation will sions. This Commission of fifty be limited to about 500 members, carefully selected men and women who will be very carefully selected are rethinking the entire subject of by the participating denomina- Home Missions. In the light of sur- tions. The Congress will open on veys and special investigations Sunday afternoon, November 30th they are making, the Commission with an address by the President will redefine the task as it is today of the Congress and the business and will indicate the changes and sessions will continue from Monadjustments needed in the adminis- day morning, December 1st tration of the task. through Friday the 5th.

COMMISSION II is studying the This Five Year Program is a best methods, ways and means of new thing in Home Missions. It is Publicity and Promotion of Home our hope that this comprehensive Missions. With Rev. Charles study will result in a great for· Stelzle, the chairman, are asso- ward step on the part of Amerciated thirty men and women spe- ican Protestantism, along the line cialists in these lines. Their task of a cooperative approach to its is to bring to the Congress a care- common task of giving the Gospel ful survey of the scope and purpose in the most attractive and compel. of publicity and suggestions as to ling way to the unreached people of this country.

A CONTRAST IN CONDITIONS IN

BY GEORGE A. HUNTLEY, M.D., Shanghai, China Mis8ionary 0/ the America·n Baptist Po reign Mission kJocietYJ 1889 T HE earnest student of mis- Canton, though his being a mis- sions in China is tempted to sionary would have debarred him, feel discouraged as he con- but because he was the official intemplates the unaccomplished task. terpreter and translater of the There is "much land yet to be pos- East India Company, he was per- sessed," for many fields are not mitted to live in Canton for a few only unoccupied but unclaimed by months of each year. He and other any missionary society. Tribal lan- foreigners were permitted on guages are still unconquered and Chinese territory only from the not even reduced to writing. There arrival of the fleet of the East India are aboriginal tribes as yet unevan- Company to the time of its sailing gelized and millions of Moslems to again, the intervening months be- whom the Gospel has never been ing spent in Macao, which is Por- preached. Moreover missionaries tuguese territory. When Mr. and have recently been compelled to Mrs. Milne attempted to join Mor- leave their stations and the tide of rison as missionaries six years anti-Christian propaganda has later, they were not allowed to rethreatened to destroy the work. side either in Canton or Macao, but At such a time it is helpful to were compelled to settle in Malacca.

review the signs of progress dur- Today, in spite of internal revoing one hundred and twenty years lutions, China is open everywhere, of missionary endeavor. and missionaries reside in every province. All important centres of Robert Morrison once wrote a population and every strategic pobooklet entitled "The First Fifteen sition is occupied by representa- Years of the China Mission." He tives of Christ. felt an answer was necessary to the queries of critics and friends as to For many decades the province what Christian missions had ac- of Hunan boasted that no "foreign complished. It was necessary also devil" was allowed to reside within "to disarm the hostile cavils of its borders. Men like'Dorward, of some, to reanimate the desponding the China Inland Mission, Alexanhearts of others and to excite grati- der, of the Christian and Missiontude to God our Saviour for what ary Alliance and Griffith John of He has wrought." It is the present the London Missionary Society writer's humble hope and prayer used all kinds of strategy and darthat this brief review will serve a ing, and frequently were in peril similar purpose. of their lives, but the gates of Hunan remained tightly closed. The Great Field In the capital, Changsha, there In 1807 China was both legally Jived a man, Cheo-Han, who carand practically closed to the bearer ried on a nation-wide anti-foreign of Glad Tidings. Francis Xavier and anti-Christian campaign by labored in vain to enter China. means of large colored posters Morrison was allowed to live in which he printed from wooden 689 3

blocks. One of these posters repre- aration for this new and wonderful sented the missionary doctor kid- opportunity, was shot and killed by napping children and gouging out Chinese bandits.

their eyes and hearts to make China and its dependencies, medicine. Foreigners were depict- tightly closed to the Christian mis- ed as subjected to terrible tortures sionary and his message in 1807, by the citizens of the Celestial Em- have been open for many years, pire. Worst of all, this emissary and the recent Bolshevik propa- of Satan used a play upon words to ganda has proved to be only a tem- degrade the name of our Lord in porary setback.

the eyes of the Chinese. His car- The Church and the Missionaries toons pictured a "pig" a word similar in sound to that for Lord cru- The spirit of those who send out cified upon a cross, before which missionaries has undergone some foreigners prostrated themselves in remarkable changes during a cenworship, and into which Chinese tury and two decades. Although soldiers shot their arrows and Morrison did not meet the rebuff prodded their spears. that Carey met from the Church, In those' days the prayer most and while the London Missionary frequently upon the lips of inter- Society accepted Morrison readily, cessors for China was "God open there was much apathy and oppo- Hunan." Prayer prevailed. Cheo- sition in the home Church to For- Han was arrested and imprisoned eign Missions, and the income for by the Chinese Government as a the work was pitifully small.

menace to International Relations. Today some members of Amer- His wooden blocks were burned, his ican churches do not believe in printing presses were confiscated Foreign Missions but the Church and his house subsequently became generally is loyal to Christ's a repository of the American Bible marching orders: "Go . . . preach Society. Thus from the very place the Gospel to every creature."

from which issued for many years There are many missionary volun- a foul stream which poisoned the teers, though fewer than a decade minds of Chinese everywhere, there ago. Indeed, if a man doesn't be- issued a stream of life, carrying lieve in missions today it is com- with it God's blessing to countless mon to question whether he is millions. Hunan thus became fully really a Christian. "He that hath opened for missionary work. not the spirit of Christ is none of For decades prayer ascended for His."

"The Great Closed Land" of Tibet. Transportation to the field is Daring missionaries worked for also very different from what it years to penetrate this stronghold, was at the beginning of the nine- first from China, then from India, teenth century. Then the East In- only to meet with failure. The late dia Company refused to allow mis- Dr. A. L. Shelton, reaching Llassa, sionaries to sail, either to India or was able to render medical service China, on any British vessel, and to the Dalai Lama and received an Morrison was compelled to sail to invitation from this ruler to open New York in order to secure pas- a dispensary in the Capital. This sage to China.

intrepid brother, while on his way The journey to China occupied to the coa~ to make adequate prep- seven months and involved weeks

A CONTRAST IN CONDITIONS IN CHINA

of intense suffering and weariness. to count the cost and having come He records in his diary March 29, to a resolution, to act consistently."

1807 (Sunday) "I stood on the The heroic spirit has been abun- deck until I was completely dantly manifested before and after drenched, assisting in my poor way the Boxer and in the recent dis- to take in the last rag of sail, and turbances, when workers have re- pump the ship." The journey of quested to be sent back to stations Dr. and Mrs. Milne occupied ten where they have been mobbed and months frQm Portsmouth to insulted, and their lives threatened.

Macao. Children of missionaries also, upon These experiences sound strange receiving appointments for foreign to missionaries who travel today service, have requested to be sent on large palatial ocean liners, with to those same stations where their electric fans in stateroom, refriger- devoted parents were tortured or ation which provides fresh meat, massacred.

fruit and vegetables throughout Today though foreign consuls the whole voyage and wireless com- have requested missionaries to munication, providing the more evacuate their posts because of important items of world news danger, many elected to remain at daily, and by means of which help their own risk, so that they may can be summoned in case of dan- care for the work.

der. Travel by the Siberian route The missionary of today is also from London to Shanghai occu- well prepared spiritually, intellec- pies only fourteen and one half tually and physically as was Morri- days and travel by the new air son for his collossal task, and only service is expected to take passen- the very best are good enough for gers from London to Peking in China's New Day. Like Morrison, seven days. we are not narrowly sectarian but These more rapid modes of recognize only two divisions of our transportation not only bring the fellowmen, "those who fear God missionary speedily to his field of and those who do not." The big- service, but keep him in closer oted, narrow missionary has no contact with his home base. A place in China today but he must century ago it sometimes took two be prepared to deliver a positive full years to receive replies to and clear Gospel message.

letters. The Rev. E. Stanley Jones, Fortunately there is still the found his health failing, his work same pioneer missionary spirit and disappointing and himself utterly willingness to offer a life of sacri- discouraged as he tried to hold an fice. Morrison while preparing for extended line which took in every- Christian work wrote: "Jesus, I thing in his message from Genesis have given myself up to Thy serv- to Revelation and included western ice . . . where shall I serve Thee? civilization and the various dogmas . . . My desire is oh Lord, to en- and creeds of his branch of the gage where laborers are most Christian church. He shortened wanted, perhaps one part of the his line to two words "JESUS field is more difficult than another, CHRIST," with the remarkable re- I am equally unfit for any … but sults.

through Thy strengthening me, I One change in missionary per- can do all things, . . . enable me sonnel has been remarkable. In

1807 there were no women mis- their persons, intending to commit sionaries. When Morrison mar- suicide, if caught, rather than subried he had to leave his young wife mit to the tender mercies of the in Macao for six months at a time authorities. When Wells Williams, while he continued his work in an American missionary, joined Canton where neither "women nor Morrison in 1833, his teacher took arms" were allowed. unusual precautions, lest some un- friendly person should discover In 1830 conditions were almost what he was doing, and each time intolerable. As a new missionary he visited his pupil, he placed a wrote: "With the exception of a lady's shoe on the table and, if a prison it would probably be diffi- stranger entered, pretended he was cult to find a better preparation selling foreign shoes. for the enjoyment of verdant scenery, invigorating breezes, bod- Chinese books had to be purily recreation and female society chased for a foreigner by stealth, than a residence in Canton." and booksellers who sold them would be subjected to severe pun- The English Superintendent of ishment if discovered. Trade once defied the authorities and brought his wife on shore with Morrison constantly advocated him and then placed a cannon, the establishment of a Language which he brought from the vessel, School, where missionaries could at the door to prevent the Chinese be in residence to learn Chinese and attempting her expulsion. his wish has been abundantly ful- filled in these days, by schools in Morrison early recognized that many large centers, such as Nanif Chinese spiritual needs were to king, Soochow, Canton and Peking be met women workers must be (P'eping). Teachers are plentiful sent out. Today out of 7,500 and are no longer considered crimforeign workers in China nearly inals. 5,000 are women. The Barrier of Idolatry The Language Problem When Robert Morrison was ar- At the beginning of the nine- ranging for his passage to China, teenth century the Chinese lan- in the shipping office in New York guage was considered well nigh City, the shipowner turned about unconquerable. As one of the early and with a grin said: "And so Mr. translators said: "It is the work Morrison, you really expect that for men with bodies of brass, lungs you will make an impression on the of steel, heads of oak, eyes of idolatry of the great Chinese Emeagles, memories of angels, pa- pire." "No sir," said Morrison, tience of Job, hearts of Apostles "but I expect God will." and lives of Methuselah." This man of large faith and Chinese were prohibited from vision, as he finished his translateaching the language to a for- tion of the Scriptures, said: "I eigner under penalty of death. trust that the gloomy darkness of Morrison was obliged to pay his pagan scepticism will be dispelled teachers large sums as the finan- by the Dayspring from on High, cial argument was most convinc- and that the guilded idols of ing. But his teachers lived in Buddha, and the numberless imconstant fear of arrest and torture. ages which fill the land, will some They always carried poison on

A CONTRAST IN CONDITIONS IN CHINA

day assuredly fall to the ground, had the joy of baptizing. When before the face of God's Word, as Morrison passed to his reward in the idol Dagon fell before the ark." 1834, after twenty-seven years of Today hundreds of thousands of service, Protestant Christians in Chinese have "turned to God from China could be counted on the idols," and the priests of Buddha, fingers of his hands.

who in Morrison's day, felt abso- Tsae A-ko was "the grain of lutely sure of their ground and mustard seed" which was to "be- looked with the utmost disdain come a tree." The six converts of upon the Christian missionary, find 1842 have grown to a half million it necessary today to bolster up Protestant Chinese church mem- their crumbling superstitions, by bers with a Christian community imitating the missionaries' meth- of a million or more. These include ods. They have established Young many influential people. The China Men's Buddhist Associations and Weekly Review took a nation-wide are even teaching children to sing straw vote upon the twelve most to a familiar tune: "Buddha loves popular men in China with the re- me, this I know." sult that four of them proved to be When in 1905 the Empress outstanding Christian men while Dowager, with a stroke of the pen, five of the others were known to be consigned to the scrap heap an sympathetic to Christianity.

educational system that had lasted Today, taking China as a whole, nearly two thousand years, many about one in every thousand is a temples were emptied of their idols Christian church member and and converted into schools. Many among the Chinese leaders who en- of the idols were thrown out and joy the confidence and esteem of allowed to disintegrate. The great the people, one in every three is a temple bell, which the priest used follower of the Lord Jesus Christ.

to ring to tell the god that a wor- The Christian Mission Schools have shipper knelt at the altar, is rung provided twenty-five per cent of today by the school master to sum- the constructive leadership in mon the boys and the girls to China.

school. Chinese Christian Workers The day is dawning when the prophesy shall be fulfilled in China, In 1807 there was not one Prot- "The idols shall be utterly abol- estant native worker in all China.

ished," for enlightened Chinese It was not until Morrison had will not continue to bow before toiled ten years that he was privi- senseless blocks of wood and stone. leged to ordain the first Chinese The great question is: Will agnos- preacher Liang A-fa. He suffered ticism and atheism or the Gospel much bitter persecution, and be- of Christ take the place of these cause he prepared and printed a ancient superstitions? tract, he was cast into prison and The Growth of Christianity beaten with a bamboo until his flesh was raw.

In 1807 there was not one Prot- Today there are tens of thou- estant convert in all China. The sands of Chinese Christian men first man to embrace the Christian serving as preachers and pastors, faith was Tsae A-ko, whom Mor- evangelists and colporters, physi- rison, after seven years of service, cians and hospital technicians, sem-

inary professors and school teach- The Chinese Christians are iners. Also a great band of Christian terpreting Christ in a way that women are doctors and nurses, might be expected may send back teachers and Bible women, social to the West the vital religion which service and Y. W. C. A. workers. we seem to be in danger of losing.

About twenty-five years ago a The Scriptures in China Methodist missionary at Kuling, preached a sermon on "The Chi- A century ago translation was in nese Worker" in which the Chinese its infancy in China and was prachelper was compared to a bruised tically limited to the rendering of reed with whom the missionary the Buddhist Books into Chinese. must be indulgent and patient. The preacher said "There is one thing One of the greatest difficulties you cannot do to a bruised reed, encountered by the early transyou cannot lean upon it," and ex- lators was to secure a sympathetic pressed his regret that so far we teacher. No Chinese scholar was have failed to produce native work- connected with the Christian ers who are capable of taking church. The teacher was heathen and was apt to fail to understand responsibility. the real sense of the sacred page, Today the term "native helper" for these things are "spiritually discerned." is almost obsolete for these men are becoming self-reliant pastors and For sixteen years Morrison trusted leaders in an independent toiled before he issued his first translation of the Bible in the church. Chinese language, in twenty-one In 1890 only one Chinese dele- volumes.

gate attended the missionary con- Today, we have a complete Bible ference in Shanghai, all the others in Chinese in one volume, and a being foreigners. In the next con- great band of Christian Chinese ference held in 1907, there was a translate and write Christian books large sprinkling of Chinese dele- and live out the truth in their own gates, while in the conference of lives. Then there was only one ver- 1922, more than one half of the sion, now the Book is translated twelve hundred delegates were into thirty-nine different dialects.

Chinese. In 1812 an edict was issued by The chairman of this conference the Chinese Government, making it a capital crime to print books upon was the Rev. ChengChing-Yi, D.D., the Christian religion in Chinese. and much of the most valuable The printers who printed this work undertaken by various com- early translation ran terrible risks mittees was done by Chinese, nota- and adopted various methods to bly "the message of the Church to avoid detection. The Chinese of- China," whose chairman was the ficials one day raided the printing Rev. Timothy Lew. One sentence office and confiscated all the wooden has become a slogan and deserves printing blocks they could find. to be broadcast in letters of gold: The rest that were hidden away "SHE SHALL TEACH HER in a corner for safety, were de- MEMBERS TO AGREE TO DIF- voured by white ants. The printer FER BUT RESOLVE TO LOVE." moved his establishment to Macao Another Chinese preacher appro- but the Portuguese authorities priately added "AND UNITE TO SERVE."

A CONTRAST IN CONDITIONS IN CHINA

closed his press because he pub- In 1916, a young Chinese named lished "certain works contrary to Hu-Suh, received the degree of the doctrines of the Roman Cath- Ph.D. at Columbia University. Re- olic church." turning to China and taking a Today the largest press in China position on the FacuIty of the is conducted by Chinese Christians. Government University of Pe- The metal type used is proof king, he set to work to revolu- against white ants and no printer tionize the literature of China.

would fear to print anything the His war cry was "No dead lan- missionary might bring to him. guage can produce a living litera- The Presbyterian Press, the Na- ture" and his constructive policy tional Society Press, the Religious may be summed up in this motto: Tract Society Press and the Amer- "Produce literature in the National ican Baptist Publication Society language and you will have a Na- print scriptures, tracts and va- tional language of literary worth."

rious Christian books by the tens His daring program met with of millions. the severest opposition from the The edition of the first Bible conservatives, who said, that it was consisted of only one thousand impossible to express the subtili- copies and 'was disposed of mainly ties of Chinese philosophy in the along the coast and in Malacca. On vulgar tongue. Dr. Hu-Suh wrote March 24,1822, Morrison wrote to the "History of Chinese Philos- the American Bible Society: "The ophy" in the people's language; free dissemination of the Bible in scholars admitted their defeat and China is as yet impracticable which the victory was won. Books and is also the case with all books which newspapers now are published in exhibit the claims of Jesus and the people's language almost ex- treat of His salvation." In the clusively, and the wisdom of Mor- year 1925 eight million copies of rison and the missionaries who the scriptures and scripture por- have succeeded him is generally tions were distributed in China and recognized. The new phonetic in the year 1926 the number script has also been introduced and reached eleven million copies. enables illiterate Chinese to learn The Literary Revolution to read in a few weeks.

In the middle ages books in Other Important Changes Europe were all published in Latin, In 1807 there were no Christian so in China, every respectable book chapels, churches, colleges nor was written in the classical wen-li, schools in China. There were no rather than in a language of the dispensaries, hospitals nor asy- common people. lums in China even when Morrison This classical Chinese took died in 1834.

twenty years to acquire and was Today these institutions can be only understood by a privileged numbered by the tens of thousands, few. Morrison decided to translate while more than a million pupils the scriptures into the language are studying in schools established that the people understood, and by Christians.

had the courage to sacrifice what In those early days foreigners the literati caned "elegance" for were not allowed to ride in a sedan the sake of "intelligibility." chair or to take a boat for a pleas-

ure trip upon the river. Such travel the most, but in the sense that de luxe was reserved for the sub- gives most and serves best." jects of the Son of Heaven and was not to be desecrated by barbarians These Christian principles, handfrom "tributary nations." ed down to us from our forebears will succeed also in China, for the An S. O. S. Call great changes that have already come in that land are due largely, As the nineteenth century if not mainly, to the influence of dawned, China was fast asleep and the Christian message. had been so for hundreds of years. "There was no thirst for any lore During thirty-five years that I outside of the lore of Cathay. The have spent in and for China, I have western man and western teaching seen institution after institution were held in supreme contempt." fall into decay, but the Gospel has steadily prospered. It has proved Now this mighty land is wide to be "the power of God." awake, stretching out her hands in earnest appeal for the knowledge China has passed through many which has made western nations changes and has discarded many strong. institutions. The Manchu Dynasty is gone; the Monarchial system of If America and Great Britain Government is a thing of the past; enjoy any real greatness today, ancestral worship, which has prethey owe it not to inventive genius, vented progress in China for so to industrial plants, to railroads, many centuries has been razed to nor to wealth, but they owe their the ground; the ancient system of position and power to the Christian education, lasting nearly two thouprinciples, which our forefathers sand years, has disappeared. But taught them. The Cross it standeth fast, Hallelujah! A Chinese student when visiting Defying every blast, Hallelujah! an American State Legislature was The wind of scorn hath blown, asked to open the session with The world its hate hath shown, prayer. This is his petition: Yet i.t i.s not overthrown, HOh God, Father of all nations, Hallelujah for the Cross! Thou hast chosen America as the land in which to experiment with One hundred and twenty-two political democracy for the ex- years ago no enterprize on earth ample of other people in other could have seemed more hopeless lands. Help these lawmakers to than the physical and spiritual make America the finest land in transformation of China. The task the world to live in, the finest, not is not complete and for a long time because of comfort or luxury, but Christian mlsslOnaries will be because it is the place where men needed to give our best to China: can do and serve most. Help them "More workers and better work, to make America the greatest na- more Chapels and better preaching, tion in the world, not in the sense more Hospitals and better doctorthat other nations may fear her ing, more Schools and better teachmost because of her power, but in ing, more Books and better writthe sense that she be loved most ing, more of Spirit of the living because of her great heart; not in Christ, and better Christian living the sense that she has most or gets and more generous Christian giv- ing."

AND ITS FUTURE *

BY REV. E. STANLEY JONES, D.D., Sitapur, India I N SOUTH INDIA there is a danger of Christian missions in In- series of temples enclosed by a dia is syncretism-the mingling of great wall. At one end is a differing religious systems. That temple dedicated to the worship is what the Brahmo Somaj stands or the cobra; at the other end for-they want us to agree that stands a temple dedicated to the Christ is a way and not the Way.

worship of Ramanuja-the highest That is the field on which the battle and purest form of Monotheism in of the immediate future will be Hindu theology. Between these fought. Today they have in India extremes are graduations from a reverence for Christ. We must cobra worship up to this high ideal. now go deeper and teach them the The wall surrounding all these realization of Christ. Admiration temples is Hinduism. It encloses must deepen to adoration.

everything from cobra worship to I would like to see the Mission- the cult of Ramanuja. It is possi- ary Societies of America and Eng- ble for the foreign observer to fas- land send to India a type of mind ten on the cobra worship and say, that is capable of being modified "This is India." On the other hand, on the field. In Moffat's transla- it is possible to fasten on the tem- tion of the Epistles, St. Paul writes pIe at the other end of the enclosure to his converts, "Don't be called and claim that it represents India. fathers. Don't be called teachers Neither gives a true picture of Hin- -I know, and you don't. Don't duism; you must include the whole be called leaders-I lead, and you collection within the walls in your follow; but set out to be called presentation. servants. That is the only attitude The most difficult task of Chris- I can trust you with. The other tian missions in India is yet to attitudes work out in a non-Chris- come. What we have done so far tian way." If you train up young has gone with the stream of India. people to be leaders and half-a-doz- It is the genius of Hinduism to add. en come together, you get a series It has always been willing to take of clashes. It is only through serv- in. Where it has lacked has been ice that we gain leadership. You in the power of eliminating. To cannot train people to be leaders.

add one more deity would not be You can only train people to be a big strain on the soul of India. servants. Leadership is a by-prod- Christ might be added very easily, uct; and renunciation is the path provided you leave it at that. But by which alone true leadership can when you insist that Christ is not be reached. If men come out to only a way but the Way, that goes India self-renounced, ready to lose against the grain in India; that is themselves so as to find themselves, where you come to the crux of the they will become leaders. The day matter-the Cross. The battle is of the master in the East is gone, now being waged. The greatest the day of the servant is just dawn- Rc:::J~rA:~~~r o~:!r~:ti~~~t~/nD;~jO!::h:i~i:~ ing.

~it~n t~~tf~",},~~S w'::li~o~"a~e;aln jL~~':i~I~~tS had India's contribution to the con- ception of Christ is, perhaps, best 697

illustrated by pointing to two char- years ago. St. Paul's groups were acters. The first is Naraya Tilak, ready for self-government immedithe Marathi poet. He is a truly In- ately. But we, in India, did not dian soul, practically untainted by start that way. We built up a vast system which must be overturned Westernism or by the Western when self-government com e s . wrappings of Christianity. But he Large sec t ion s of the Indian is passionately Christian, and his Church are self-governing already. spirit has burst out in poetry. In In the Methodist Episcopal misthat poetry is a mysticism and pas- sions there are two ways in which sionate devotion to Christ that is self-government is being granted. extraordinarily impressive. A Hin- One section turns over completely du said to me one day, "I want to from a mission to a church. In see a man mad with Christ." Tilak the second case, where the church has been caught up in that flame; exists already, the foreigners are yet within it was that quiet poise replaced with Indians. At present which showed in contemplation the Indian Church is taking as round three words–<ievotion, con- much self-government as it wants. templation, simplicity. And a I think the greatest lack in modfourth might be added-the rein- ern Christianity is in our failure terpretation of the Cross until the to experience Pentecost. We are whole self-life is crucified on it; between Easter and .t'entecost. We the idea that we are lost and He have a wistful Christianity that is lives. I think that is the type of wanting something; but it is not contribution India will make to the abundant, assured, conquering. I common stock of Christianity. would be willing to die if I could make that contribution-the redis- I think that probably if we had covery of the radiance that emastarted somewhat differently in In- nated from Pentecost. dia, the Indian Church would have been ready for self-government TESTIMONIES TO MISSIONS IN INDIA T HE Right Honourable Srinivasa Sastri, P.C., who has been Agent- General for India in South Africa, and is not himself a Christian, in a lecture on Christianity in Capetown, said: "It would take too long to recite the vast services that Christian missionaries have rendered in my country. Hundreds and thousands of my countrymen have been educated in Christian colleges and schools; hundreds and thousands of them have found relief in Christian hospitals; hundreds and thousands have been given help in time of distress through fire or flood. The Missions are more to us in these respects than the secular institutions for which the British are responsible."

Lord Lytton, who was born in India, and has been Permanent Under-Secretary of State for India, Governor of Bengal, as well as Viceroy, speaking at a men's luncheon in London, said: "Compared with State institutions, the mission schools and hospitals have an atmosphere about them which is evidence that they are a work of love. You feel that there is the personal touch there, and you can read in the eyes of patients in hospitals that they are being ministered to and not merely housed."

JAMES L. BARTON AND THE N. E. R. *

BY DOROTHY P. CUSHING I F Dr. James L. Barton ever dollars, has been no small part of writes a book on "Famous Peo- this stupendous endeavor. ple I Have Met," and he might Dr. Barton is responsible for the well add, "And Conquered," it will statement that "over $88,000,000 be a best seller of first magnitude. in cash has been received at the From General Allenby to Herbert national office in New York, re- Hoover, up or down, according to ceipted for and appropriated. In your nationality; from Ambassa- addition to this the United States dor to railway conductor or the Government gave $12,800,000 in chauffeurs of a fleet of sea-going food supplies, while American rail- Ford trucks, he meets them in a roads, the United States Govern- gracious, courtly manner, but with ment, and other Governments of a very human twinkle in his keen countries in which the Near East blue eyes which indicates a warm Relief has operated have contrib- and understanding nature and uted more than $5,000,000 in sup- draws out their confidence and al- plies and free service."

legiance to the cause he is serving. "Off the train at Tiflis utter the No, it makes no difference to Dr. words 'Amerikanski Comitet' to Barton whether he tackles a Gov- the taxi driver and he will know ernor-General or the captain of a where to go," says the New York tugboat; he approaches each as a Sun. On the train to Erivan, whis- Christian gentleman and demon- per this phrase to the train constrates that his causes are worthy, ductor and immediately his efficiand that he has the business saga- ency becomes manifestly active. city and generalship to see them Say it in Leninakan and the whole through efficiently. He always goes town smiles. For Amerikanski after a GOOD thing-and gets Comitet means "Near East Relief." The same holds true in Persia, Turwhat he goes after. key, Syria, Palestine, Egypt, For thirteen years, through the Greece and Bulgaria. hectic war days in Turkey and Greece and after, Dr. James L. "Through the operations of the Barton as Chairman of the Near East Relief has guided it with a Near East Relief for the last thirsteady hand along an unswerving teen years," declares Dr. Barton, path of Christian aid to the suffer- "America has assumed the moral ing, until its work is known as the mandate of the Near East. The greatest private relief effort in his- work of this mandate, back of tory. Making a million dollar ap- which there has been no trace of propriation one hundred five times, ulterior motives or taint of political or, to be more explicit, collecting complications, has saved about two and overseeing the expenditure of million human lives. In Armenia money and resources amounting to alone the Soviet officials set 1,000,- 000 lives as the total. To this must about one hundred and five million be added what was done in Persia, in Turkey during the deportations, • From The Mi88iona1"1l Herald. in Syria and regions to which the 699

deportees were sent, in Smyrna, On September 17, 1915, Dr. Bar- during the burning of that city, and ton informed the Secretary of in Greece during the evacuation of State, Robert Lansing, that this more than a million Armenian and conference had decided to take def- Greek refugees." inite and immediate steps toward As Chairman of the Near East securing funds for relief work. He Relief, Dr. Barton has had full op- also stated that Charles R. Crane portunity to exercise that genius and James L. Barton had been sefor organization and direction that lected to come to Washington and has made him famous as a Chris- secure from the files of the State tian diplomat. Picking up a col- Department, if possible, all doculege president here and an aviator ments from Ambassador Morgenthere, commuting to Washington thau bearing on the condition of for conferences with the digni- the people in the stricken areas. taries of the nation on weighty The State Department turned problems of international signifi- over to Dr. Barton all the papers cance-it was evident from the giving information, as well as a start that James L. Barton was the private room and the services of a clerk. All day and far into the "man of the hour." night he worked. He wrote up his In August, 1915, when the im- material, sent it to the headquarpossible happened, the seething cal- ters of the infant Near East Relief dron of war and disaster in the for release to the press of the coun- Near East boiled over. Dr. Barton try and thus fired the first shot of wrote Cleveland H. Dodge, sending a publicity program that brought a similar letter to the representa- many millions of dollars. tives of the Presbyterian Board, Constantinople College, the Syrian The Armenian Relief Committee Protestant University, and Konia in 1919 was incorporated by a spe- Hospital: cial act of Congress as the Near East Relief. "General" Barton The German Ambassador told Mr. then went himself into the field to Morgenthau …… that in case of hos- map out a plan of campaign. He tilities between Germany and the United States every American institution in set sail for the Near East at the Turkey would be at once seized …… If head of three relief units, taking all missionaries and teachers and heads of institutions are withdrawn the Chris- with him fifteen complete hospital tian population will be left wholly at the mercy of the powers that be. outfits, and everything in the way of equipment from a toothbrush to The letter closed with the sug- a truck. gestion that a meeting be held to In London he held conference consider this problem on Thursday, after conference with officials rethe 26th of August, in New York garding warehouses, docks, trans~ City. Following this, on September portation, and military orders. 10th, another informal conference Viscount Bryce came from his was convened with Dr. Barton as country home to confer with Dr. Chairman. On September 14th, Barton and his party. Difficulty in however, Dr. Barton wired Mr. gaining admittance to one English Dodge: hotel was quickly adjusted when a , Am convinced early and comprehen- young British ordnance officer sive conference should be convened your office for consideration Armenian matter. earnestly remonstrated with the You are nominated convener …..• manager: "You little know what

DR. JAMES L. BARTON AND THE N. E. R

this party is. To ignore it might and when Dr. Barton returned to mean international complications!" Aleppo he carried with him a prec- In France he met more dignitaries ious military "flimsy" which read: and held more conferences. In Italy Allow Barton and his party to go he broadcasted information of the where they please. Give them no escort purpose of the movement. And and allow them to take none.

then-to the front! The American The French were eager to give Minister had been ejected from the Americans a guard and a hun- Turkey. Dr. Barton and his party dred men were ready to go into the were without military escort. interior of Turkey as an escort, but When they reached Aleppo they when the Near East Relief train were stopped by British troops un- finally steamed out of Aleppo it der orders from General AlIenby. went without guard.

Then came another series of color- Ten or twelve miles out into "No ful incidents in Dr. Barton's con- Man's Land" the train stopped sud- tact with the military. denly. They saw a group of twelve "Do you object to my going over or so of ferocious looking brigands, your head in an attempt to get Gen- armed to the teeth with guns and eral Allenby to rescind his orders?" knives, and belted with cartridges 1 asked Dr. Barton of the General in Dr. Barton approached the dele- Aleppo. gation.

"No!" was the prompt reply. Did they threaten? Shoot? No!

Dr. Barton slipped over to Cairo They bent low in long gestures of and tackled the great British com- oriental greetings. They had been mander. ordered, they said, by the Governor "I represent America-we are ot Mardin to do. everything in their not at war with this country. We power to help the party. "The Gov- are a philanthropic organization ernor will meet you in person at here to serve all who need us. I the end of the line, and you are to know the language. I have worked be his guests." All the way across in this land," he argued. the country similar parties met and "The country is full of hostile "captured" Dr. Barton. Bouquets, Arabs, Kurds, and Turks," replied gifts of food, houses, furnishings, the commander firmly. "They will and even cooks were offered the capture you as they have captured Americans. Kurds, Arabs and British officers. Then we will have Turks joined in a series of trium- to send men in to rescue you." phal welcomes.

After further discussion General To some who may have looked Allenby agreed to give his permis- upon the Near East Relief as an sion if General Clayton could be emergency move, a hectic period of won over. So Dr. Barton set out heroic measures when blood flowed, for more generals to conquer, and emaciated women and children took up the cudgels for the right dropped by the roadside, and to risk his own life and the lives of corpses lay in mounds in field and his associates, along highways, the sequel of the "We go on a peace mission," he Near East Relief is worthy of men- repeated. "We are unarmed. I do tion.

not believe that we will be cap- "The Near East Relief came .in- tured." to being," Dr. Barton reminds us, After hours the General yielded, "to meet an emergency caused by

the war. When the war was over Committee does not intend to make it found in its orphanages extend- more general appeals it is depend- ing from Turkey to Persia more ent on the generosity of the public than 100,00(J children without to stand by until it can fulfill its known relatives, and in refugee obligations to the last of its wards.

camps found 10,000 more. Most The organization which now of these were far too young to be aims to "see every child through"

cast out into a friendless world, in is called the Near East Institute.

countries and under conditions This committee has been formed which made their physical and mor- from the larger body in order to al survival humanly impossible. see these young and untrained chil- The Committee was convinced that dren safely placed, and in order to it had a moral olJligation to see take charge of the Near East In- these wards through and so placed dustries through which thousands in the community that they would of "ex-orphans" and widows make have a fair chance to survive. their living, and to help develop the Skilled social workers place these agricultural enterprises which have children in safe homes and in posi- sprung from the work.

tions where they can make good, Dr. Barton epitomizes the his- and for a year at least follow them tory of the Near East Relief in the up, for the Near East Relief con- words, "The emergency was unsiders itself in loco parentis to avoidable, the acceptance was every child. Wards cannot marry Christlike, the outcome divine."· until the committee has passed on the wives or husbands-to-be. • A survey volume called liThe Near East There are yet, after the Near and American Philanthro-py" has come from the Columbia University Press; 308 page.; East Relief has dissolved, several $3.50. The report recommends drastic changes thousand of these unrooted chil- in the emphasis of American philanthropy and dren, some of whom are under ten a new policy which involves the elosest cooperaor twelve years of age. While the tion with native governments. The stndy eon- tains reliable data of p.resent economic and social conditions in Armenia, Albania, Bul- garia, Greece, Turkey. Iraq, Palestine and Syria.

RECLAIMING THE BOYS OF CRIMINAL TRIBES IN INDIA MR. FREDERICK WEBER, an American Y. M. C. A. secretary at Lahore, recently visited a Government Criminal Tribe Settlement of several thousand people adjacent to which is a Government Industrial Boarding School for Criminal Tribe boys. These boys are taught in their earliest years to rob and steal and are praised by their parents for clever acts of robbing or thieving. In spite of the strong psychological effects produced on the youthful imagination by such treatment, the government is making valiant efforts to reclaim the younger generation of these people. Seventy-five boys who have been taken from their parents in order to remove them from this atmosphere of crime are being taught carpentry, weaving and tailoring so that they may be able later on to earn a respectable living.

The Lahore Y. M. C. A. is cooperating to help these boys. It is conducting a social and physical activities program for them, including ball games, boxing contests, and hockey. When the secretaries left, after a two-hour program, one of the boys asked, in the vernacular: "Won't you please stay here and live with us 1"

Missionary Conference of Africa where there is a great

Miss Wrong carnes from the Student THE Eighteenth Annual Conference Christian Movement of which she has of Missionary Societies in Great been one of the Missionary Secretaries Britain and Ireland was held at The and has traveled widely in Africa. The Hayes, Swanwick, from June 12th to conference also gave its approval to 15th. The two chairmen were the Rev. the suggestion that a commission W. J. Noble of the Wesleyan Method- should be appointed to enquire into the ist Missionary Society, and Canon Spanton of the Universities' Mission colleges of India. to Central Africa. About 140 members There was throughout the meetings were present, but there were no native representatives of the younger a sense of the seriousness of the preschurches in China, India and Africa. ent world situation, and there was a deep sense of the need of greater re- At the first session, the Rev. William sources in Christ than any the church Paton, one of the secretaries of the has yet claimed or experienced.

International Missionary Council, World Alliance of Reformed spoke of "The Menace of Secularism in the Near East," and pictured the Churches changes which are taking place in the The Council of the World Alliance World of Islam through the break-up of Reformed Churches met at Boston, of the old Islamic civilization. There from June 19th to 27th: the meeting is on every side a tendency for the was presided over by Dr. Charles Merle Moslem peoples to break away from d'Aubigne, of Paris. Among the subthe past, but there is little evidence of jects dealt with were the following: any wide acceptance of Christ. The The Jerusalem Council Message, the same is true all over the world in a Church and the Modern World, Womgreater or less degree. Old sanctions en's Work in the Alliance, the Record are being destroyed and the Christian of Alliance in the Religious World, people are not ready with their claim Religion in Colleges and Universities, to take the vacant place. Old syntheses Exchange of Students, Presbyterian are breaking, and ancient satisfactions Standard for the Education of the Minare not being replaced by the satisfac- isters, the Strength and Weakness of tion that comes from Christ. Turkey the Youth Movement, the Christian is seeking to order its life by adopting Home in Modern Social and Industrial a Swiss civil code, a German commer- Life, Problems of Church Union in the cial code, and an Italian criminal code, Foreign Field, the Reformed Churches but there is no evidence of any realiza- and the Lausanne Message, Essentials tion of the needs that can be supplied of the Reformed Faith and System to only by Christ. be Conserved in Proposed Church Unions, International Peace. The appointment of Miss Margaret Wrong as Secretary of the Christian Literature Bureau for Africa marked Movements 'Toward Church an important step in the united work Union of the missionary societies in America, Britain and on the Continent. This Nearly 1,100 "Pilgrims" from the Bureau will seek to provide Christian Free Churches of England, Scotland literature in the languages and dialects and Wales recently visited Canada to 703

study the functioning of the church Towards a National Church union. The group consisted, approximately, of 500 Congregationalists, 260 In South Africa at the closing ses- Methodists, 200 Presbyterians, 50 Bap- sion of the upper house of the African tists and 45 others. National Congress, held at Bloemfon- tein, the delegates devoted their atten- The Rev. A. G. Sleep declared that tion to the growing number of the United Church of Canada was one religious sects in the country for the of the greatest ecclesiastical experi- furtherance of the spiritual life of the ments ever attempted, and that the African people. The view was exsuccess of its operation would do much pressed that the time has come for the to promote denominational union in establishment of one national church Great Britain. It was intended, as a to embrace all the independent organresult of the present visit, to have in izations, and to that end it was reevery county in England an informed solved that a conference of all African central organization which would in- churches be convened to consider how terpret the church union movement of this can be achieved and to devise ways Canada. Dr. J. D. Jones, says that and means of establishing a national there has already been steady prog- college for the training of African ress, resulting in a tacit understand- clergy. This resolution was referred ing among the denominations so that to the executive of the African Nationdenominational rivalry in Great Brit- al Congress, with power to act. The ain is now becoming a thing of the outcome of this resolution will be past. watched with interest.

In India an important report on the An Institute for Race Relations unity of the churches has just been published and will be presented to the With a view to the further study of Anglican Church, the Methodist Epis- racial relations in South Africa and copal Church and the United Church the coordination of effort for the betof South India, for discussion and if terment of conditions of life among accepted, the United Church of South non-Europeans, a non-political "South India will be the first to have bridged African Institute for Racial Relations" the gulf separating the Free Churches has been formed with Dr. C. T. Loram from the Anglican. The question of as chairman. The committee consists the episcopate has been the chief diffi- of prominent men of both races, inculty. The suggested solution provides cluding Professor Jabavu, of South that the synod will be the chief legis- African Native College, Fort Hare. lative and practical authority in the The institute will investigate social, future United Church, with the bishop economic and other problems, and will as the main administrative officer of aim at the dissemination of informathe Synod, and with special authority tion concerning the non-European in matters affecting faith and worship. races of South Africa, and the encour- The report expresses the hope that the agement of agricultural development. United Church of South India will lead The organization of health facilities to the establishment of one church and the provision of recreational, eduthroughout the whole country. A con- cational and religious agencies will ference has recently been held at Luck- likewise come within its province. The now for the promotion of church union Committee has appointed Mr. Rheinin North India and was attended by hallt Jones, of the University of Witrepresentatives of the Methodist Epis- watersrand, to the post of adviser on copal Church, the Wesleyan and Bap- race relations, with the special duty of tist Churches, the United Church of assisting bodies engaged in work tend- North India, the Church of the Dis- ing towards better race relationships. ciples of Christ, the Brotherhood He will assume his responsibilities Church, and the Wesleyan Methodist early in 1930. Church.

BY MRS. F. I. JOHNSON, 150 Fifth Avenue, New

President of the Federation of Woman's Boards of Foreign Missions THE NEW STEWARDSHIP short cut to church finance whereby the METHODS few but fortunate groups that follow By HARVEY REEVES CALKINS, D.D. it are enabled to meet their local and It is a joy to know that I am not benevolence budgets with smiling ease.

expected to discourse on get-rich-quick Church finance, in its stewardship methods of church finance. Rather, I connotations, is nothing less than the am invited to write on the spiritual, Christian interpretation of property social, and economic implications of itself. It means, and will continue to the stewardship message of American mean, that church finance is freed Protestantism, a message which is but from petty and worrisome devices beginning its prophetic and creative whose appeal is to the smaller rather sweep through our generation. than the larger motives of men and women; but, vastly more than pro- Even so one can hardly overlook the grams and plans, it signifies the triamazing financial development within umphant way of Christ in the midst the American churches whereby the of human affairs. If it is to be realreceipts of a group of fifteen denomi- ized, we must know that Stewardship nations for the cause of Foreign Mis- Methods refer to spiritual and mental sions has been increased from five and attitudes no less than to outward ada quarter millions at the beginning of ministrations. Two of these are here the century to more than five times written down, Discovery and Courage. that amount this year. The influence I. First of all, we must discover, of the organized stewardship move- in ourselves and in our generation, ment is registered in the treasuries of that multitudes of Christians have not all the boards, and it looks as though yet made practical alignment of their the American churches have embarked faith with the social and economic on a voyage of spiritual discovery. standards of J.esus.

The analogy is exactly that. When Two considerations will obscure this Columbus set sail in the summer of unwelcome discovery: (1) Many 1492, it was his expectation to find a Christians are accustomed to set be- "short cut" to the East Indies. He fore themselves the purpose of acbrought back with him much gold, but quiring riches with the sincere probably never realized that a new expectation of using their entire continent had been opened to the wealth, apart from a wholesome comworld. He died in the vain imagina- petency for their families, for the tion that Europe had found vast en- furtherance of wide and generous richment through the alluring, but philanthropy; and (2) multitudes of dubious method of sharing what bold Christians, whose ability and opporvoyagers might bring back from the tunity preclude the reasonable expecmysterious West. He never knew that tation of acquiring riches, are the western continent itself would re- governed by the same attitude toward create the world's philosophy of life. life and possessions as that which ani- mates the minds of those who are far The churches are but now discov- advanced in the pursuit of riches. ering that the dynamic stewardship message of our generation is not a 705 4

Therefore, as it seems to many, Ameri- cial and economic relationships as are can civilization is already largely ac- involved in property, value, income, tuated by a Christian view of life. work, leisure, obligation, organization, But two other considerations will acknowledgment.

brush away the mental haze which so In this brief resume none of these easily clouds over our perceptions: relationships can be discussed, further (1) In the complex life of the modern than to suggest that all such terms of business world, Christian men and business and finance thrill with an un- women find themselves, without active seen spiritual presence.

volition on their part, enmeshed in a Take, for instance, the spiritual con- philosophy of ownership whose ori- tent of acknowledgment. Though ex- gins and sanctions are historically pa- pressed in economic terms, it brings gan. (2) In the midst of an economic swift realization of the Supreme Per- order, whose standards of acquisition son in the world of persons, and, there- and administration are based on the with, it connotes the social responsibil- profit motive, Christian men and wom- ity of Christian men. They are God's en (for more than forty per cent of representatives in the world. Money American invested wealth is in the rightfully becomes the symbol of spir- hands of women) are ensnared by the itual power because it has been made ancient yet evil counsel-that a friend- the vehicle of spiritual experience.

ly purpose of ultimately doing good But notice how pole-wide is the dis- removes the sting from the self-seek- tance between this and the revenue- ing and often unfriendly methods of producing interpretation which some- the actual business world. times passes as one of the stewardship However, if the business world, as principles of the Protestant Churches.

exemplified in ourselves and others, The setting apart of a definite portion does not enable us to make the needed of income, in acknowledgment of the discovery, the churches will jar us supreme dominion of God, searches out broad awake. (1) In order that they the ethical sources of income as the may be prepared to do the greater good spectrum of a pin-point of light – surely an exalted motive – the searches out the chemical constituents churches have not been unwilling to of the sun; for the portion represents receive from their members a portion the whole; it thus becomes a pledge of the proceeds of our unbrotherly that the whole of income shall be ac- social order, and have not been dili- quired with "justice, and mercy, and gent to declare the whole counsel of faith," and that it shall be adminis- God in the realm of property, income, tered as a social trust.

industry, and business.. (2) The So- Only as it thus registers a purpose cial Ideals of the Churches, though of personal and social righteousness formally accepted as a statement of does the separated portion become a .principles, are hampered and often storehouse from which, in personal nullified in actual realization by the in- and social administration, the churches herited attitudes of Christian people, and other institutions of religious and and by the discrimination in many spiritual culture may expect to receive churches as between "spiritual reli- commensurate and worthy support.

gion" and what is often termed "the And this very fact searches out the so-called social gospe!." worship, fellowship, doctrine, and pro- II. Second, we must have within gram of the churches, as already it has ourselves, and stimulate in the mind of searched out the ethical sources of in- our generation, the courage which sees come; it insures for the churches fi- that the historic faith of the church delity to the spiritual and social ideals can be realized in the fresh and vivid of Jesus.

terms of modern life; especially must As with acknowledgment, so also we have courage to see that the Chris- with property, value, income and all tian faith can be realized in such so- the other human-relationship terms of

METHODS FOR WORKERS

the business and industrial world; it is given personal and close attention.

they are crowded with spiritual mean- Here, finally, is a strong tower for ing. Realizing, thus, the actual and Christian men and women "when the modern meaning of the Christian blast of the terrible ones is as a storm faith, men and women who know some- against the wall." The church herself thing of the meaning of faith's reality need never fear but that bread shall will refuse to remain caught in a pa- be given her, that her waters shall be gan philosophy of property, they will sure, that her place of defense shall be be spiritually strengthened to continue as the munitions of rocks. It is those in our present "acquisitive society" yet who set themselves to follow the ethics not be of it, and they will become cre- of Jesus who need the church's encour- ative factors in bringing to pass the agement and support in the midst of Kingdom of God among men. the social and economic problems of III. Where, in all this, is that per- modern civilization. Such faithful ennial problem of Kingdom support stewards will never forget the church which has perplexed so many devoted and her program; but as for the laymen, and has given so many anxious church, she may yet know the stern joy hours to the women of all the of cutting down her budgets that she churches? It is a gladness to suggest may walk shoulder to shoulder with that the solution is already at hand. her heroic sons and daughters who Stewardship reaches men in their have taken their economic life in their social and economic relationships be- hands that they may work out the new fore it really takes hold of them in (yet old!) program of the Kingdom in their church affiliations. For this very the midst of life's affairs.

reason, when men and women recog- nize the spiritual content of property A WORLD FELLOWSHIP and the social implications of owner- DEMONSTRATION ship, their church loyalties become creative. They, themselves, become (Short-effective) pioneers in the Kingdom of God. Flag Raising at the National Meeting of The Women's Missionary Association Church and mission "support" is no of the United Brethren in Christ longer named as a church objective; it emerges as a corollary of the main By JANET GILBERT, Secy. of Otterbein Guild proposition. And the main proposition is this: God recognized and acknowl- "It was one of the most colorful and edged in the realm of material value. impressive dramatizations I have ever It is here that church finance rises seen." This sentiment was heard on from its uncomfortable corner in the every hand after the presentation of Committee on Ways and Means and "The Flag Raising" at our biennial takes its rightful place at the center of board meeting.

the Church's Message. And here is The auditorium in which it was giv- the reason why men and women be- en seemed ideal, for the platform was come interested-I mean interested- spacious, with steps at each side, and, in the practical problem of Kingdom at the rear of the platform, there was support: it has emerged out of life a balcony which was used to advan- itself. Therefore, the problem is given tage.

first hand attention as are all the pri- As the strains of music from the mary considerations of life. In a word, violin and piano were heard, two girls economic relationships in their true in white flaring robes took their places, and spiritual perspective means to men one on each side of the platform at the the thrilling discovery of God in the steps. Then the processional of a Fili- midst of life's affairs. The business pino girl, an African girl, an American of the Kingdom becomes their busi- girl and eleven other girls, each in the ness; it is placed on the day's agenda costume of a different nation, came with other items of first importance; down the center aisle. These came

slowly so that our attention was fo- As I was walking from the church cused upon only two at one time as to the old stone parsonage, I noted, in they separated in the front of the spite of lowering clouds driven ragroom, each receiving the flag of her gedly before a March wind, a glint nation from one of the girls on the of color at my feet. Regardless of steps and taking her place on the plat- sandburrs and stickers I knelt eagerly form. The girls in the balcony then in the grass, and, just under shelter raised the two flags simultaneously as of the board walk, almost completely each girl followed eagerly with her hidden, I found scores of Johnnyeyes the flag of her nation. Jump-Ups turning up their tiny faces to assure us of returning life after The last of the fourteen flags to be seeming death. How can we question raised was the American flag which, of the continuance of life and immortality course, thrilled us and brought us to in the face of Easter, to me the most our feet. It truly was a beautiful pic- impressive of all the Christian festiture to see the fourteen girls in cos- vals? I gathered a few of the sweet tume and above them floating in the little tokens to brighten the silence of air the fourteen large flags. The my room, which always used to ring picture presented was made more with life and laughter, and then my beautiful as a girl, representing the eye caught another wonder. A big spirit of Christianity, with stately apricot tree by my gate had suddenly tread came' down the aisle, received burst into bloom, and white blossoms the Christian flag and took her place were opening hour by hour. The exin the center of this group of nations. quisite song of the western meadow Again we were on our feet as the lark heralded the miracle, and invited Christian flag was raised as a quartet me to the celebration. As I came sang: thoughtfully to my work, events, re- cent and from the long ago, surging Fling out the banner, let it float, in my mind somewhat confusedly, as Skyward and seaward, high and wide, if driven by March winds, took on or- der and color, just as the sun broke The sun that lights its shining folds, through the flying clouds, and flooded The cross on which the Saviour died. my Johnny-Jump-Ups and the white apricot tree, and caused the friendly And then came the most tense mo- meadow lark to call in his whole choir ment of all when the Christian flag to back his efforts as herald of the was raised far above all the others and spring. the Spirit of Christianity stepped forward and gave the lines of the beauti- Like a moving picture before my ful hymn, "In Christ There Is No East eyes, there came the memory of such or West," and closed with the prayer: a morning, long past, when I heard the "0 thou strong Father of all nations, distant voice of an Indian "crying the draw all thy great family together camp." It was Easter Sunday. I liswith an increasing sense of our com- tened but had to turn to a beautiful mon blood and destiny, that peace may Cheyenne girl who was then living with come on earth at last, and thy sun may us and ask her to tell me what the shed its light rejoicing on a holy broth- chief was crying. She said slowly, as erhood of peoples. Amen." she caught the far-away, but sonorous voice, "He says to the people, 'Awake! This presentation will long remain Awake! This is the day when Jesus in the minds of all of us who saw it, made a road for us through death and and I trust it will lead us to earnestly the grave to life. Awake your children, seek to make real this fellowship of and come to the church to thank him. love throughout the whole wide earth. Awake, awake!'" Both chief and In- dian maiden are now gone into that INDIAN INCIDENTS great beyond, but, far and wide, the By MARY W. ROE, Colony, Oklahoma (Personally given for this department at the Northfield Home Missions Summer Conference.)

Indians have been told of Him who but triumphant paleness of the sucsaid, "I am the resurrection and the cessful heroes, at last, at last, coming life." over on board, as described in Mrs. Baldwin's wonderful "Log" in The A turn of thought, perhaps again Outlook. Is this the generation of my meadow lark suggesting, and a youth of which so many speak in acscene of recent days arose. I was in a cents of despair? great hotel at a banquet. The guests had pushed back from the table. Rev. Years ago an Indian father brought Henry Roe Cloud had just finished a to me his boy to take and educate as a dignified, weighty and noble speech, his fine Indian wife eagerly looking Christian. I told him that I could not up at him with lustrous eyes, and Mr. take him into my own horne, with my Cloud had just introduced two other sick husband, and uncertain and irreg- Indians, Rev. Philip Frazier, Sioux, ular life, but that I would take respongraduate of Oberlin, and his wife, also sibility for him. He was received into an Indian, and a graduate of Earlham the warm hearts and simple home of College. They passed quietly to the the Van Donselaars in Sioux Center, piano, and when the two rich, trained and later they moved to Holland, Michand exquisitely harmonizing voices igan, where he was graduated from rang out together, a prominent citizen Hope College. Recently he came to at my si<;le said, "What splendid Wichita to help Mr. Cloud put across poise !" Then, when the last notes of his heavy task-namely, to carry his an Indian love song died away, he school for training a Christian Indian added, "But these young Indians could leadership over, not only financially, earn thousands of dollars on the stage but spiritually. This young Comanche, with such voices." I answered, "Yes, James Ottipobi, explained to me that but they told me today that no money he was not side-stepping the ministry, could draw them away from their as he had never felt fully called to Christian work among their old Kick- that, knowing so well the many and apoos in which they were too happy to trying demands upon the man who is be able to tell their soul satisfaction." at the head of any mission, but that The business man looked from one to he did want to teach his own people the other of these two Indian couples; in a Christian mission school. So he a strange, deep light began to touch responded to Mr. Cloud's call, who now the rugged features, and I saw the must feel as Dr. Roe, years ago, said message of new life out of the death he felt when Dr. Vander Meulen came of the old once more strike home. to us-"Like a spent soldier, alone, and with a broken sword, but still fac- This picture faded, and the March ing the opposing forces, when suddenwind heralded another, a stormy ocean, ly a young, strong man draws a fresh a sinking vessel, with desperate men weapon at his side." clinging to its shattered hulk, and, steaming round and round, the Theo- That carried my mind to the picture dore Roosevelt under its gallant Capt. of little Bobbie Chaat in his dirty lit- Fried, circling day and night, waiting, tle camp dress, crying lustily with or striving and risking men and prop- wide-open mouth, and, by his looks, erty to save those precious lives. I loudly demanding help from somebody, could almost see the splendid volun- somewhere. The other day in a big teers, gladly, eagerly offering even to conference I saw the leader making his swim across the welter of waters to way, as I thought, toward me, evidenttake a line to that sinking vessel. I ly for the music. I shrank back into could see the small, frail steward, cry- my seat, for I was so weary, but he ing in a corner because his repeated stopped and asked Mr. Robert Chaat offers as volunteer had been turned if he would take charge of the music. dOVIn. I could also see the drawn faces Instantly he rose and took his place on of the rescued men, and the solemn the platform, and quietly, capably, and

correctly he filled the place and seized As they drop in the blooming time, his opportunity. Is an infant plant that fastens its roots Another exquisite picture rises. In the place where it falls on the Spring in Washington-the smooth ground, lawn of the White House, with glory of trees and flowers, and the stately And as fast as they drop from the dying columns of the nation's home of Pres- stem, idents as background in front of which stands a memorable group,-President Grow lively and lovely around, Coolidge, with Rev. Henry Roe Cloud, By dying it liveth a thousand fold Winnebago, and Rev. Sherman Coolidge, Arapahoe, to right and left, and, In the young that spring from the facing the President, Miss Ruth Musk- death of the old. rat, dressed in an exquisite buckskin Indian dress, fashioned by the trained Have you heard this tale,-the best of all, and skillful fingers of our Colony In- The tale of the holy and true? dian women, and holding out to the President the book on Indians pre- He dies, but His life in untold souls pared by our friend, Mr. Lindquist, Lives on in the world anew; specially bound in a cover designed by one of our owtJ. Indian school boys, and His seed prevails and is filling the earth, beaded by our women workers. In her As stars fill the sky above. simple, but eloquent address she spoke of the fact that a new generation of He taught us to yield up the love of life, Indian youth is now before the coun- For the sake of the life of love. try, eager to pass on to the world their precious inheritance from the historic His death is our life, His loss is our past, to learn new values from new gain; contacts, and to serve both their own race and ours in the conflict for The joy for the tear, the peace for the right. pain.

I could describe many an appealing GAMBLING scene, but these are enough to make us feel the stirring of new faith and hope, Some years ago a highly cultu'red as we hear the calls for help coming from distant Indian peoples of many Indian said to his mother, "Just why nations, and we veterans see the ranks is gambling wrong? I can't see that of a new generation sweep onto the it is stealing or treachery. I have been field. taught that it is wrong, but I cannot see any moral evil in it." The mother *** thought awhile, realizing that gam- bling had long been the besetting sin The following poem has reached me from Central America: of the Indian race. Then she said: "Gambling is an THE ALOE PLANT economic crime. It is taking some- Have you heard the tale of the aloe plant, thing for nothing. If you admit that Away in the sunny clime, it is allowable and even right in an By humble growth of a hundred years economic sense. you strike at the. very It reaches its blooming time, root of well ordered civilization. If a man can say to a contractor, a mer- And then a wondrous bud at its crown chant, an educator, or to any other Breaks into a thousand flowers; man, 'This service which you have This floral queen, in its blooming time, rendered is good, but I will return Is the pride of the tropical bowers, nothing of value for it,'-admit this, and there is no foundation for econom- But the plant to the flower is sacrifice, ic life. Admit this and colleges and For it blooms but once and then it dies. modern business could not stand. Dur- Have you further heard of the aloe plant, ing the great war the first establish- That grows in the sunny clime, ments to be closed were the great gambling centers." How everyone of its thousand flowers, "I see it now," said the son. No state can advance when the get- ting of something for nothing becomes their accepted line of thought. This strong tendency toward gambling may have had much to do with the tragic economic history of the American In~ dians as well as with their lack of mor- al development.

WOMAN'S HOME MISSION

EDITED BY FLORENCE E. QUINLAN, 105 East 22nd St., New York Executive Secretary, Council of Women for Home Missions INSTITUTE OF RELIGION While the conference has concerned itself primarily with the problem of Called by the Ollristian Herald; held at unity in the United States, we have Buck H!Il Falls, Pa., June 10-1:1, 1929. had ever in mind the fact that the movement in this country is but a part Findings of a world-wide movement, the influ- ence of which is being felt on all the 1. Occasion for the Conference continents ….. .

During the past four years, three 2. Reasons for Unity great international conferences have been held on the subject of Christian Whether we consider the need of unity j that of Stockholm in 1925 dealt the world for a forceful and united with questions of life and work, that witness to the great moral and reliof Lausanne in 1927 dealt with ques- gious verities of our Christian faith, tions of faith and order, that of Jeru- or the need of our children and young salem in 1928 dealt with the people for an intelligent and effective missionary responsibility of the Christian education, or the wasteful- Church. ness of our present ecclesiastical organization with its needless dupli- In these conferences the reasons for cation of machinery and its unchrisunity were considered, its possibilities tian rivalry and competition; whether explored, many misunderstandings we consider the countryside with its and obstacles removed, and a clear many struggling and competing conviction was won by representative churches or the cities with their teem- Christians of many countries and of ing population, multitudes of them many branches of the Church that the wholly out of touch with the work and time has come for some signal step life of the church, the need of conforward ….. . solidation and unity stares us in the face. How can a church so divided Such action to be effective requires preach unity and brotherhood to a dinot only the consent of the leaders, vided' world ….. . but the hearty cooperation and support of the church membership as a Our young people entering life unwhole; but we face the fact that for der conditions wholly different from lack of adequate educational methods their parents cannot understand the the gains made in these central con- reasQns which make such a situation ferences have not yet been shared with possible and will only be reached by the great body of the churches, and a church which deals with present livtherefore the resolute will to unity, ing issues in a practical modern way. which is essential to success, is not yet present on a nation-wide scale . . . . Only if we face seriously these prac- tical problems in the country, in the Unlike the official gatherings already nation and in the church shall we be referred to, this conference is a meet- able to overcome the most serious of ing of individuals called together by all the foes of unity, that self-satisfied a leading interdenominational journal spirit which is content with things as for the purpose, not so much of sug- they are and stubbornly resists all gesting new methods of approach to change. the task which confronts us, as of mobilizing the resources which will make possible its accomplishment.

711

3. Progress Toward Unity mediately practicable. The difficulties in the way are too great and the sin- We rejoice in the steps that have cere differences of conviction too deepalready been taken in the direction of seated to make the advocacy of any church cooperation and unity. Heart- complete plan practicable, but it does ening progress has been made in the mean that whatever steps we now take federation of hitherto separated should be regarded not as the measure churches, in the local community, in of final attainment but only as steps the state, and in the nation. Many toward a goal which will unfold as we congregations which have hitherto proceed. been worshiping in separate buildings have been united in community We record with gratitude the fact churches. Useful steps have been that in the discussion at Lausanne it taken and are still being taken, in co- was definitely recognized that whatordinating and simplifying our ecclesi- ~ver form unity may ultimately take, astical machinery, and in great central It must be such as to make room for bodies like the Foreign Missions Con~ a wide measure of variety and conference, the Home Missions Council, serve the values for which each of the the Council of Women for Home Mis- great permanent types of Christians sions, the Federation of Woman's stand. The unity we seek, far from Boards of Foreign Missions, the Fed- being inconsistent with liberty, must eral Council .of the Churches of Christ conserve it as our most priceless posin America, the Council of Church session. Boards of Education, and the International Council of Religious Education, 4. Some Obstacles the church possesses agencies through which it is functioning effectively in 1. Differences of conviction as to the matters of common interest. nature of the Church.

But useful and necessary as are all 2. The inherent difficulty of changing these steps, we are convinced that they methods which have become familiar and are not enough. Our existing methods through which valuable results are beare too cumbrous. The authority ing reached. granted to the central bodies is too limited to make possible effective ac- 3. The difficulty which arises from tion on the scale that is now impera- vested interests. tively demanded. With all recognition of the great values for which the de- 4. The social, racial, and psychological nominations have stood, values with- barriers between groups. out which the whole church would be appreciably poorer, we feel that the 5. The provincial spirit which takes time has come when the differences pride in old ways and lacks imagination between the denominations are no to realize the larger issues involved. longer such as should keep us apart. Some of these differences have been It is clear that in our approach to outgrown. In other cases the distinc- the task before us we must distinguish tive points of view have been accepted clearly between the problem of unity by other bodies. No denomination to- as it presents itself to those who are day has a monopoly of the truth for separated by sincere differences of which it originally came into being. conviction as to the nature of the We hold, therefore, that some form of church, and to those whose difficulties union is necessary today, in order to are practical and personal. It is futile secure a more efficient church and re- to seek organic unity with Christians lease for more constructive purposes of the first type until we have done the resources now frequently wasted. what is practicable to secure unity be- tween Christians of the second type. This does not mean that organic union on a world-wide scale is im- 5. Ways of Approach Two lines of progress seem immedi- ately practicable, in both of which im- portant steps are already being taken: 1. The reunion of separated bodies of related denominational families.

2. The strengthening of existing co- operative agencies to the point where in-

WOMAN'S HOME MISSION BULLETIN

stead of being, as at present, largely People's Societies, looking toward the es- consultative bodies, they become admin- tablishment of a United Young People's istrative bodies, doing for all the Movement. churches the things that can best be done together. (fl We commend the cooperative work now being done in the field of religious In the matter of practical coopera- education, but we feel that it should be tion also encouraging progress is be- greatly extended and that it should be ing made. We need only refer to the applied to all ages and groups. We sug- work now being done by bodies which gest to the International Council of Reare carrying on effective cooperative ligious Education the preparation of work in many fields. But this is only suitable courses dealing with church a beginning. What would it mean if unity. in each of the larger centers of our country some commanding enterprise (g) We believe that a great service of interdenominational significance may be rendered by our existing religious. journals enlisting the support of their could be carried on, not by any indi- readers and of other journals in church vidual denomination but in the name unity. of the church as a whole ….. . (h) We recommend that as an aid in So far as we are kept apart by ques- creating the mind to unity, which is our tions of principle which grow out greatest present need, the widest pub- licity be given to the gains which will of differences in our view of the result from the consolidation of our at church, we recommend the continua- present divided resources. tion of conference on the points which (i) We rejoice in the growing interest now divide us. But in the meantime of our seminary students in the movewe urge with all the force at our com- ment for unity, and we recommend to mand that there be the largest possible ali seminaries that this movement be cooperation in all those practical mat- adequately studied in the seminaries and ters which do not involve the theory the provision be made through extension courses on a wide scale for informing the of the church, to the end that our wit- ministers who have already been graduness to the world may be as impres- ated as to what is being done in this field. sive and united as possible ….. . (j) In view of the fact that 1930 marks 6. Specific Suggestions the closing year of the Nineteenth Cen- tenary of the public ministry of Jesus, (a) We recognize the contribution as well as the Nineteenth Centenary of which the Community Church movement Pentecost, we recommend to the approis making to the cause of Christian unity, priate denominational and interdenomibut we call attention to the importance national agencies the propriety of making of the movement establishing and main- revisions in their programs for confertaining a vital connection with the mis- ence, study, and prayer regarding church sionary, benevolent, and educational unity ….. . enterprises of the church as a whole …. In all that we have said we have (b) We recommend that in order to hasten the improvement of conditions in been deeply conscious that whatever the weaker communities and the countryside, strong state federations or Home we do in the way of improving admin- Missions Councils be formed which shall relate the resources of the stronger istrative machinery will be futile if it churches to those that are weaker. does not spring out of the deep and (c) We favor new experiments in cooperation between different denomina- passionate conviction of the importions or groups, which, if successful, may afterwards be repeated on a large scale. tance of the cause which we seek to (d) We suggest that a study be made promote. The church of the Living of the possibilities of uniting the business services of the various denominations God exists for the purpose of helping and interdenominational bodies in the interest of economy and efficiency. men and women everywhere to realize (e1 We recommend that in this coming the presence of God as the fact of year a preliminary inquiry be made of facts for individual and for social life. the possibility of bringing about closer relations betwepn the various Young We earnestly desire for the churches to which we belong and for the church as a whole such a revival of this Jiving sense of the presence of God as shall make it a fact to the men of today and shall help the church to realize its high responsibility as the body of Christ, the agency through which His spirit is conveyed to the spirits of men. EDITED BY MISS AMY G. LEWIS, 150 Fifth Avenue, New York Miss Ella D. MacLaurin, Executive Secretary of the Federation of Woman's Boards of Foreign Missions of North America, and editor of this Bulletin, after several months of illness passed away July 23 in a hospital in Minneapolis.

ELLA D. MACLAURIN-AN of Ida Scudder's mother and the second in honor of Dr. Stephen Smith, father APPRECIATION of Mrs. James Madison Pratt. Will those who read this send to me at 144 By HELEN B. MONTGOMERY Dartmouth Street, Rochester, N. Y., a gift to keep green the memory of our The death of Ella D. MacLaurin, on dear Ella D. MacLaurin. Even small July 23d, in a hospital in Minneapolis, gifts will help and this should be a has come as a great shock. When I gift of love. first came into missionary work, she was already engaged in speaking and writing and traveling in the interests of foreign missions. For years, she Miss Ella D. MacLaurin was born was secretary of the Baptist Women's in Canada, of Scotch descent, and came Board, and to it she gave many effec- to the United States at an early age. tive years of service, with complete For forty years she devoted herself to absorption in the cause, by writing, religious work in the Baptist denomiaddresses and above all by prayer. nation, with the Y. W. C. A. and with the Federation of Woman's Boards of Later she became one of the secre- Foreign Missions of North America. taries of the Foreign Branch of the Y. W. C. A. and poured into its serv- She had a great respect for law, and ice all the rich devotion of her nature. strongly supported the 18th amend- The heavy curtailment of its work in ment to the Constitution. She also China made necessary by the World eagerly worked for the closer Chris- War, led to her withdrawal and she tian fellowship of the women of the became Executive Secretary for the world, all cooperating together in the Federation of Women's Boards of For- service of Christ. She often expressed eign Missions. the hope that a fund might be estab- Iished to enable some of the best teach- I cannot imagine her in any heaven ers and preachers from America to being content so long as Jesus Christ visit the foreign mission fields to bring was yet uncrowned as King in the Kingdom of God, so long as one corner inspiration and encouragement to those of the earth remained unresponsive to cut off from hearing such messages as His sway; so long as one heart failed these experts could bring. She hoped to yield Him allegiance. She would that by a reciprocal arrangement outstill be eager to work and pray for the standing native Christian leaders from great cause for which she had given mission lands might come to America her life. "to lead us to a closer life for God and His world." When I learned of her death, an idea came to me, inspired I believe, by the Miss MacLaurin was deeply inter- Spirit of God, that her friends out of ested in students-especially women every communion should establish a and girls-who were seeking an edumemorial bed in the obstetrical ward cation under difficulties and a strong in Ida Scudder's great hospital for supporter of world peace movements. women in Vellore, India. This ward contains 26 beds, each of which costs Miss MacLaurin was active up to the $1,000 to endow in perpetuity. The last and went home on July 23d, servfirst memorial bed was given in honor ices being conducted in Trinity. Bap- . tist Church, Minneapolis, July 25th.

714 AFTER JERUSALEM A new psychology is evident. The After Edinburgh for many years day of "defeatism" is beginning to missionary leaders drew inspiration pass. The present is not spoken of as and charted their course from that a time "to hold our own," "to dig in" great conference. Under the leader- but as a time to press forward. For ship of Dr. John R. Mottand Mr. J. more than a year we have been hear- H. Oldham wonderful changes have ing of Kagawa's "Million Souls Camtaken place in the Christian church paign" in Japan with churches and around the world. Old fears and prej- missionaries following this "flaming udices are being removed, narrow torch." Now we learn that in China views and circumscribed lives are giv- the new church has accepted as its ing place to world vision and world goal the doubling of its membership activities. in the next five years. In five years to win as many converts as have been Those who participated in the Jeru- won in the last century surely is an salem meeting last year assure us that undertaking of inspiring faith. Dr. it was a· great experience in living, Mott pointed out that in the history working, thinking through together. of the Christian church a new move- Most diverse groups carne to Jerusa- ment is Q.SualIy preceded by a time of lem. Many deep antagonisms were testing and purifying. In China rerepresented and were openly expressed cent months have been such a time. in the first week. The East and the We hear with great admiration of the West, the younger and the older courage, endurance, ability of the Chichurches, the pietist, the economist. nese Christian leaders. Surely we may Out of this diversity was achieved a expect great things in the East. marvelous unity. Dr. Mott presented thirteen concrete From Jerusalem delegates returned proposals for mission boards. In outto report to their churches what God line they are as follows: had wrought in his children there and what they had found most important 1. Coordinate the thinking in order to to work toward in the corning years. coordinate the planning and action. From Jerusalem Dr. Mott traveled among the churches in the middle and 2. Continue close working together so Far East for eight months. Mr. Paton well begun at Jerusalem. has visited India and the Near East. 3. The "Message" wrought out at Je- Mr. Oldham and others were in New rusalem is a divine word. Let it be York having had many conferences be- brought to the churches. . fore the meeting of the International Missionary Council at Williamstown, 4. In religious education use present- Jnly 11-21. day plans.

At a recent dinner Dr. Mott re- 5. In the realm of higher Christian edviewed his experiences in the Orient. ucation let us send a commission of ex- Among the conditions adverse to perts (as was done in the case of China several years ago) to study the whole field of higher education in India and Japan. Send the best from England and America and include nationals in each country. 6. Study the mass movements-the Christian work today is the grievous dangers and advantages. economic situation that oppresses multitudes in India, China, Japan. Of 7. "Sharing" was a great word at Jepoverty in India and famine in China rusalem, let us practice it. we hear much. Japan also suffers. Dr. Mott paid high tribute to the patient, 8. In missionary preparation we must silent endurance of hardship on the rethink the subject from the beginning. part of the Japanese. A pamphlet with report of what is being done in England is just ready. Also Dr. Mott found changes for the better. There is opportunity for more 9. Let us seek to augment Christian open-minded and frank discussion be- leadership. More missionaries are needed tween those of the East and those of and wanted but "let no second and third the West. line men through."

10. Liberate a greater force of lay workers.

11. Let us plan for larger evangelisrr as is being done in China and Japan. .

12. Christian literature is a great need. private room adjoining the chapel talk Previous plans have been pigeonholed. it over with a Christian woman of We must do something. great strength, patience and tact. She strengthens the weak, sets right what 13. Unity is a goal toward which we was wrong, trains to better fitness, must work. Church union in South India finds a place for them and after they is very well planned. leave her by correspondence continues to give sympathy and help. At the meeting of the Committee of When one asks Mrs. Jo how she has Reference and Counsel, which was the been able to accomplish so great a work her answer is in one wordoccasion of the above address, much "Prayer."

attention was given to the Jerusalem My thoughts go back to my early days as a missionary when I lived reports and how to bring recommen- with Mrs. Van Petten at the Yoko- hama Bible Woman's Training School. dations to the churches and into the It was Mrs. Van Petten who told this practice of mission boards and mis- story about one of her students.

sionaries. Let us help to speed the day During recess there were so many waiting in the office to see me that when the message of Jerusalem shall the bell rang before I could see J 0 San. She said: "Sensei, I must tell be in our thinking, our planning, our you of a very sad case I have found." And between office and classroom she action. A. G. L. told of a little child whose hands had been cut off by a drunken man-of A JAPANESE CHRISTIAN WOMAN the utter poverty of mother and child who at a pittance a day were making MRS. NOBU Jo paper bags in their tiny room. Jo San had to bring the story to a sudden When I' knew Nobu Jo twenty-five end for the class waited, but she years ago in the "Bible Woman's added: "I'm going to teach 0 Kei San Training School" in Yokohama, little to knit so that she can support her- self." did I think that she would do a work so unique that it would be written A child with both hands gone learn about in the New York Times, but in to knit! What an impossibility! But the issue of July 7th I read the head- with such as Jo San the impossible is line "Mrs. Nobu Jo's Placards Urge achieved. 0 Kei San and her mother Desperate Japanese To Come To Her were helped and 0 Kei San received For Help" and then follows a column artificial hands. She did learn to knit, about her Women's Welfare Associa- -first with soft wool she made lovely tion in Kobe and her work for the baby jackets and socks and later beauwould-be suicide. tiful little silk purses that some who read these lines may possess. The Japan of cherry blossoms and chrysanthemums, of smiling holiday o Kei San went through a mission crowds is not all of Japan. The eager, serious minded students as well as high school and learned to write with those with more experience of life face Japanese Jude and even English with impossible problems. With aspirations a pen. One of her letters I still keep. to become great and noble they often After graduation she taught in the find themselves overwhelmed with dif- Christian Blind School in Yokohama. ficulties and facing failure prefer death. And so it happens that at beau- Many Bible women are ministering tiful Nikko Waterfall or at the beau- to' those who are sad and lonely and tiful spot near Kobe a life is on the in need. Jo San's achievements have verge. Just there is this word from won recognition at home and abroad. Nobu Jo: "Wait-a-bit, would-be suicide! God is love. Come and talk it A. G. L. over with Nobu Jo, Kobe Women's Welfare Association." As a result of the sign near Kobe nearly 3,000 have been saved during the last thirteen years.

They go to the quiet home and in a

JAPAN-CHOSEN Christian Council has formulated

Christianity's Influence following social creed: ACONTRIBUTOR to the Japan Equal rights and equal opportunities. Advertiser figures that at the Non-discriminatory treatment of na- present rate of increase, 10/0 a year, it tions and races. would take 10,000 years to make Ja- The sanctity of marriage, equal respon- sibility of both men and women regarding pan Christian. Church members now chastity and improvement of the home number 154,521, the Presbyterians in life. The betterment of the status of women the lead with 40,866; next the Meth- in the educational, social, political and odists, 32,783; Congregational, 27,- industrial world. Respect for the personality of the child, 837; Episcopal, 22,235. Nineteen the prohibition of child labor, and the extension of the period of compulsory ed- other Protestant churches range in ucation. The diffusion of a thorough vo- number from 100 to 4,217. Japan has cational education. a population of 60,000,000. The enactment of a law making Sun- day a public rest day. But the truth of the matter, con- The abolishment of the system of pub- cludes the Japan Advertiser, is that lic prostitution. The promotion of national prohibition. the influence of the Christian Church The enactment of a minimum wage, in Japan cannot be measured in num- peasants' welfare, and social insurance laws. bers. For example: Legislation and equipment promoting public hygiene. . It is doing more than anything else to Government subsidy for the betterment raise the status of women from an Ori- of housing conditions. ental to a modern level. It has put new The encouragement of producers' and life in the religious consciousness of the consumers' cooperative associations. nation, and has taught the Japanese The establishment of a suitable agency people the dignity of service for the to attain harmonious relations between weak. Innumerable Japanese who have employees and employers. never embraced the Christian faith have The enactment of a reasonable working absorbed its influence. The late Marquis day. Okuma declared that Christianity was The betterment of home industries and the substance of his own life. The Japa- the improvement of equipment in fac- nese Christians are the salt of the na- tories. tion. The enactment of a higher progressive tax rate for incomes and inheritances. The missionaries' great feat has been The realization of a warless world.- not the conversion of a certain number World Neighbors. of Japanese, but the foundation of a vigorous native Church. This Church is Increases in Japan developing on its own lines, and it seems likely that it will eventually evolve a REGISTERED Protestant Church Japanese form of Christianity in which members in Japan now number the fifty or so divisions of Christian work in Japan will be merged. It is the 154,521, an increase of 5,237 over last test of Christianity that it can adapt itself to all civilizations and improve year, according to the National Chris- all, and the future lies with the native Church in Japan. That Church is the tian Council. The actual number of child of the West's half-century of mis- sionary effort_nd who measures a church members is believed to be much child's worth by his size? larger. A Social Creed for Ja.pa.n The number of Sunday-school pupils By REQUEST of the All-Japan is 158,787, and the amount of offer- Christian Conference the National ings received by the 1,490 churches 717

last year totaled 2,161,387.97 yen going a rapid transformation, affecting (about $1,000,000). In addition, the the social, industrial, political, and money known to have been received every other detail of national life. The by the churches from foreign sources change is chiefly mental and psycho- totals 439,914.16 yen.-Outlook of Mis- logical. It may not be so spectaCUlar, sions. but is is as significant as that occa- sioned at the time of reconstruction Quarter Century in Korea and development of the nation follow- ABOUT twenty-five years ago Dr. J. ing the Meiji Restoration." .

ft Fairman Preston, of the Southern The vital question is whether moral Presbyterian Church, landed in Mokpo, growth will be outstripped, and moral Korea. At that time there were only fibre be unequal to the strain. Mr.

six scattered groups of Christians in Kagawa estimates that sixty per cent aU this field, and but a handful of local of labor looks for a solution of its Christians, few of whom had been bap- problems along materialistic lines ad- tized. Homes were built and a dis- vocated by Karl Marx. Twelve thou- pensary, hospital, boys' and girls' sand each year take refuge in suicide.

school and work started, while the The authorities are looking to religion preaching of the gospel in the country to provide that spiritual element now villages and towns was pressed con- so patently lacking in secular civiliza- stantly. . tion, more especially as a means of After twenty-five years of seed sow- counteracting the dangerous thoughts ing and reaping these six groups of which they fear so much. Newspapers Christians in South Chulla Province can play an important part in this task, have grown to fifty-five organized since the country folk can only be churches with elders and officers, and reached on a wide scale in this way.

250 unorganized groups of Christians each with a church building, 21 or- Korean Surgeon Makes a Name A dained native preachers in this pro- YOUNG Korean man spent four years in Severance Union Medivince alone, all supported by the native Christians, while more than 122 other cal College. AftJr graduating he spent helpers and colporteurs and Bible some time in the Rockefeller Hospital women labor in this section.-Record in Peking. Then he was assistant in of Christian Work. the surgical department of Severance School, and showed such real ability Newspapers as Evangelists that he was given opportunity to H IGHER education is no longer the study in America. He spent a year in privilege of the few in Japan. Northwestern University Me die a I About 1,000,000 students are now en- School, a year in the Hospital for Rup- joying it. In Tokyo alone there are tured and Crippled Children in New more students in college and university York as an assistant, and received his grade than in the whole of the British degree from Northwestern University.

Isles. In commerce, despite the inevi- He then went back to Korea, and dur- table post-war slump and the earth- ing the year of furlough of the mis- quake, Japan is now consolidating her sionary surgeon, young Dr. Lee car- markets on the mainland of Asia, while ried the work of the surgical depart- her coal has already displaced British ment, doing operations such as only coal as far as Suez. Politically, Japan the "big gun" surgeons get opportu- stands higher than she has ever done. nity to do. One day at a meeting of Her statesmen have been called in to the Medical Missionary Association help solve the problems of Europe. As about thirty or forty missionary doc- one of Japan's writers and publicists, tors from the United States, Canada, Dr. Washio, of Waseda University, ex- Great Britain, and Australia sat upon pressed it recently: "Japan is under- the benches and watched young Dr.

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

Lee operate. Those who went to the will win back the wanderers to the Orient to show them how to do it were fold of the church.-The Church Over- in turn shown how it should be done. seas.

-Christian Advocate.

AUSTRALIA AND THE ISLANDS Philippine Problems Response to a Oall SIXTY delegates from every section of the Philippines last March dis- T HE Methodist Church of Australia cussed at a round table conference led reports a list of forty new appoint- by Dr. John R. Mott the problems ments to the mission field, the largest common to all. The dominating note number of workers ever sent out in a was to plan a concerted attack upon single year by this Society. Eleven such questions as: Reaching an inare ministers going to Tonga, Samoa, creasing number of the best young Fiji, New Britain, Papua and North people for Christian leadership; meet- Australia; six are well trained young ing an enlarging evangelistic opporwomen teachers, who will widen the tunity in the Islands; securing an horizon of girls in Tonga, Fiji and ideal relation between the younger Papua; five are trained nurses, two churches in the Philippines and the are medical men; three are laymen older churches in America; augmentwho will relieve the strain of business ing our financial resources to meet our management and two will work in agri- enlarging opportunities; and further cultural institutions. The remainder promoting the fullest cooperation and of the 40 are missionary wives. Sev- unity in the Philippines. eral of the recruits have given up salaries more than double that offered by The Conference expressed the dethe mission. All the stations in the sire to correct the impression that the Pacific, North Australia and India are evangelistic opportunity in the Philnow filled.-The Missionary Review. ippines is passing, and declared that Christian forces were never so numer- The Maoris of New Zealand ous and favorable, this being espe- cially true of the educated classes and T HE Archbishop of New Zealand student youth. writes in regard to the consecration of Rev. F. A. Bennett to work among The Philippine churches were Maoris: called to an increased study and prac- tice of Christian Stewardship. Though The step which has been taken is in a hearty response ought to augment the nature of an experiment, and if it materially the financial resources of is found to work satisfactorily the next the Islands, our staggering opportu- ·step will be in the direction of creating a Maori diocese, as was tentatively nities will be far from met. The apdone by the general synod of 1925. peal was therefore sounded to the Church in America to expand gener- The Maori race, which now numbers ously its subscriptions. It was heartabout 70,000, has in recent years been ening to note the reiterated desire exmuch disturbed by the claims and pressed by Filipino leaders for a teaching of the most recent Maori systematic reduction of mission aid to prophet, Ratana, who, commencing a~ established churches, thus to release a faith healer and opponent of Maorl mission funds for the great advance superstitions and tokungas, has devel- which must be made. – Philippine oped a rival schismatic church, largely Presbyterian. on national and political lines, and has caused a serious cleavage in the ranks of the members of the church. There NORTH AMERICA is ample evidence that his mana is on World Sel"rice Commission T the wane and it is confidently hoped HE sixth annual meeting of the World Service Commission of the that Bishop Bennett, by his winning personaHty, spirituality and eloquence, Methodist Episcopal Church was held

in the Chicago Temple, July 23d. The dent world is the repetition of the very total receipts for proportionate distri- thing of which Burke complained more bution among the constituent boards than a century ago. 'Such is now the during the fifth W~rld Service year misfortune of our age that everything were $6,573,261.27, an increase of is to be discussed as if the truth of $696,104.20. Non-distributable re- religion were always to be a subject ceipts of the World Service Commis- rather of altercation than of enjoysion were $1,388,637.36, a decrease of ment."-Sunday School Times. $395,109.88. The net increase of receipts of both types was $30,994.37. Jewish Christians in U. s. Total receipts were $7,961,898.63. A SURVEY of Jewish congregations Funds distributed during the year in this country has recently been were as follows: Board of Foreign made by Dr. H. S. Linfield, Director Missions, $2,482,300.06; Board of of the Statistical Department of the Home Missions, $2,482,300.06; Board American Jewish Committee. The figof Education, $1,196,892.24; Board of ures may be accepted as SUbstantially Hospitals, Homes and Deaconess Work, correct, as a very careful canvass was $114,874.84; Board of Temperance, made. The statistics deal only with Prohibition and Public Morals, $109,- permanent congregations. 563.13; Board of Pensions and Relief, $106,046.44; . American Bible Society, The canvass shows that there are $81,285, a total of proportionately dis- 2,948 congregations in the United tributed disbursements amounting to States. Of these 2,855 are in urban $6,573,261.27. places with a population of 2,500 and over. There are 98 congregations in Sixteen areas showed a gain in re- rural areas. These figures show that ceipts for World Service during the there is in the United States one confifth year, and five showed a loss. Six- gregation for every 1,386 Jewish men, ty-one Conferences showed a gain and women and children.-Our Jewish twenty-eight showed a loss.-The Neighbors. Christian Advocate. Training Negro Ministers New Student League THE major problem in the evangel- THE League of Evangelical Students ization of the Negroes lies in pro- has been organized in colleges and viding them with a sound and universities as well as in training adequately trained Christian ministry schools and seminaries. At Bucknell from among their own people. The it recently raised a thousand dollars number of Negro young men offering for a Bucknell missionary in Brazil. themselves for the Gospel ministry to- At Hampden-Sydney it has a colored day is far too small to enable the mission, two outpost Sunday-schools, Church properly to cope with the task and one midweek prayer service, hav- of evangelizing these people. The ing obtained a little log cabin for its Snedecor Memorial Synod, composed prayer-meetings. Marion College car- of four Negro Presbyteries, reported ries on work at the county jail and the on March 31, 1928, nine candidates for county infirmary and house-to-house the ministry, three licentiates, and visitation has been followed with forty-six ordained ministers. There marked results. are about fifteen young men at Still- man Institute who are looking forward Rev. Winfield Burggraaff says: "It to the ministry. These figures indicate wishes to stand alone, cutting itself the Negro's present contribution of loose from those organizations which man-power throughout the Southern have hitherto represented the Chris- Presbyterian Church for the evangeltian life upon the campus of the Amer- ization of more than nine millions of ican college and university. In our his own people. Furthermore, the isolation is our strength. In our stu-

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

present educational equipment of the five bed hospital for the Indian Mis- Negro ministry as a whole is unequal sion at Ganado, Arizona. to the task that lies before it. The education of the average Negro preach- Twenty-six thousand patients from er is extremely inadequate. The Negro an area sixty miles square were treated people are rapidly embracing the op- last year in the hospital and dispensary portunities of an education and this at Ganado. This partly explains why fact necessitates better preparation on the present building, with a capacity the part of those who are to lead them of only twenty-four beds, is so pitifully in spiritual things. Experience teaches inadequate. In addition to this growthat those communities and peoples ing medical service, the Board of Nawho have made the least progress in tional Missions is maintaining at this education and in religion need the very point a mission church, community best men obtainable. A mediocre man center and a training school for Navamay make a blunder in laying the foun- jo boys and girls. dation in a backward community that only long years of hard labor can over- Course on Latin America come. THE Secretary of the Hartford Sem- To meet the demands for better inary Foundation and the Kennedy trained men, Stillman Institute has School of Missions announces a special been laboring for fifty-three years.- course on Latin America for mission- Presbyterian· Survey. ary candidates and furloughed mis- sionaries, which is to be given at Ezel-"Showing the Way" Hartford during the first semester be- ginning September 24, 1929, and con- EZEL, Kentucky, is not an average tinuing through January 20, 1930. community. Its original name was The aim of the course is to provide a Mortonsville, but fifty years ago a half year of special work which will post office was opened and the govern- fit the missionary to improve his servment required a new name. From the ice in the new opportunities confrontstory of David and Jonathan came ing Evangelical Missions among the the name, Ezel, the stone meaning cultured classes of Latin America. Dr. "showing the way." Its inhabitants S. G. Inman, Dr. J. Orts-Gonzales, Dr. claim ancestry of Scotch Irish and Charles T. Paul and others will coop- French Huguenot, and these qualities erate as special lecturers and 'as mempromise fruitful returns for work bers of the Hartford faculty. The done among them. tuition for the special course will be $25, with a registration fee of $5. The Women's Board of the United There will be accommodations in the Presbyterian Church established a men's and women's dormitories on the work there five years ago, erecting a campus for a limited number of single church and a school for grades and men and women. The cost of room and high school, in which seven teachers board for women will be $137.50 for give secular and spiritual instruction the semester. The cost of a single to the 130 pupils of a fine type of room in Hosmer Hall for men is $35 mentality. Industrial instruction is for the semester. The board averages also given under the supervision of about $6.50 a week. Apartments for the pastor's wife, Mrs. H. M. Britain, married couples, with or without chiland their four looms turn out rugs, dren, can be secured near the campus counterpanes and other articles. at rates of from $35 to $55 per month, but early application is suggested. New Hospitals for Indians Will those who are interested ad- THE executive committee of the Presbyterian Board of National dress Dean Edward Warren Capen, 55 Missions has voted to erect a seventy- Elizabeth Street, Hartford, Connecti- 5 cut? .

LATIN AMERICA means indicates all the Indians have Church Peace in Mexico done.

WITH the settlement of the dispute The erection of the church, which between the Roman Catholic Church and the Mexican government has a length of seventy feet, width priests are now, for the first time since August 1, 1926, conducting services in forty-three feet, and height of walls the churches and ministering to the Catholic citizens of the land. The basis sixteen feet, a ten-foot veranda, height of this settlement is: (1) The Mexican Government will allow the Cath- of steeple from ground sDixf tlyu-mfivbeer.feeIt~ olic hierarchy to designate those priests required a large amount who are to register in compliance with Mexican laws; (2) Religious instruc- a cDuntry where lumber is very extiDn, while nDt permitted in the schDDls (which is specified in the CDnstitu- pensive, it is impossible to think of tiDn), will be permitted within the churches, and (3) Catholic prelates are building a church like this-our "Cagiven the right, as granted every Mexican citizen, to apply for a mDdification thedral Df the Indians"-if the lumber Df the constitution. has to be bought. It would have cost Mexico's Church-State dispute began in 1855, when a democratic revDlution nearly five thousand dollars. But the broke out against Santa Ana. The revolutionists suppressed ecclesiastical Indians were willing to saw their own courts which tried civil cases; forbade lumber and bring it free of cost. To sawall this by hand means much hard work under a tropical sun, and it took t~em nea~ly a year. With the excep- hon of a httle help which the mission- ary gave them in the form of beans and rice, they supplied their own food' the women cooked while the me~ wDrked. Heathen and Christian worked side by side.-Moravian Re- port.

the church tD hold property not used Rome Revives in Argentina fDr religiDus or charitable purpDses; provided for the return of property so ARGENTINA has been a country in- held to the state; forbade the church to assume exclusive authority over 1". different to both Protestant and education and sought to abolish monasteries .and monastic vows. After the Catholic religiDn. Materialism has revolution subsided these laws were prevailed, but within the past year an largely dead letters until the regime of awakening is nDted, especially within Plutarco Calles, himself an anti-cleri- the RDman Catholic Church, as evical, when a serious attempt was made denced by a recommendation from a tD enforce them. The result of his ef- leading bishop that the Bible should fDrts practically put the church under be read, and the forming of a CathDlic state cDntrDl and compelled the foreign missionary organization with the obpriests of Mexican churches to discon- ject of spreading their faith in every tinue the exercille of their priestly tDwn, village and school of the land. :functions. This organization has recently printed and sold 100,000 copies of the fDur Gospels, and has also created a holi- day, calli~g it "The Day of the Gospel."

Every mght some distinguished pre- New Church for Indians late broadcasts an evangelistic sermon.

By THE dedication of a new Mora- Protestant Sunday-school methods are vian church at Bilwas Karma, Nic- being adopted, and even tent meetings aragua, the people attained the goal of are being held.

their ambition. The dedicatory serv- But these are merely counter attacks ices were attended by more than 500, against Christian missiDns, and as they and the offerings amounted to $350. themselves frankly state "to rid the It represented great sacrifice on the country of the pernicious religious in- part of the Indians. But this by no fluences which have ruined the United

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

States and other Protestant coun- EUROPE tries." Their avowed purpose is to Glasgow Hits Gambling form a coalition between Spain and all SCOTLAND has convictions regard- Latin American countries, discourag- ing betting and gambling, and has ing cordial relations between the Unit- a National League for carrying out ed States and Argentina. But even those convictions. The Secretary of this fanaticism is less obstinate than the League, Rev. F. E. Watson, materialism. brought an attempted gambling coup to the attention of the sheriff's procura- Venezuela Earthquake tor fiscal of Glasgow, at the same time T HE Orinoco River mission of Vene- reminding him of section forty-one of zuela is evangelical and undenomi- the Lotteries Act, and asking if there national. Its headquarters are at was any act that gave legal sanction to Carupano, Venezuela. One of its mis- the sweepstakes in Glasgow. If not, sionaries, Miss Helen R. Brown, sends what was he going to do about it? And to The Sunday School Times an ac- this is what he did: After consulting count of the earthquake of January crown counsel he informed the sweep- 17th, which centered in Eastern Vene- stakes promoters that they would be zuela, resulting in the death of 50 per- liable to prosecution. That settled it.

sons, the wounding of 800 more and There are signs that the courageous financial loss amounting to $10,000,000. action of Glasgow will be followed in In the twenty-five to thirty seconds other centers both north and south of during which the earth shook as if in a the Tweed. It is but a part of the great huge sieve, the artifice and prowess of social movement in which the Scottish man of several centuries was made nil. The city became instead of a proud, busy churches have taken a leading part.- center of industry, commerce and varied New Outlook. life, a vast ruin, a screaming multitude frenzied with fear …… From the whole Y. M. C. A. in Barcelona city there arose a cloud of yellow dust, and the sun had a peculiar yellow glare. T HE Barcelona Christian Associa- Everyone was in the street, crying, call- tion was founded five years ago ing upon God, the saints, and the Virgin. with less than a dozen members, and Everywhere were signs of ruin. I had met in a dark, tin-roofed garage. It many an opportunity to speak of God, now counts 157 active members, repreexhorting the people to put their trust in senting eleven nationalities with Spanthe Saviour …… A cathedral that was ish in large majority. It seeks to being built and which the bishop had present Christ to young men without blessed several months before, and cursed respect to material, cultural, or politithe Protestants, was leveled to the cal interests. It brings them in conground. The governor's new house, fac- tact with the Bible by regular study tories and buildings became piles of debris. All the churches, chapels, and grottoes of the images were partially or totally destroyed ….. . courses and lectures, and confronts them with the problems of a life of For five days we ate, slept and lived faith. For leisure hours there is a out in the open square in front of the library whose contents increase from mission house in wind, dust, rain, sun. year to year, games of various sorts, Every family in the whole city slept and and a sports ground rented principally lived out of doors, though now quite a for the use of the boys' department. number have gone back to living under a roof. Over half the popUlation left Cumana for other parts, especially the upper class. The United States and other The Gospel in Paris governments as well as this government and many groups and individuals sent ANEW Gospel Hall has been opened tents, clothes, food, and other supplies, by the pastor of the Montmartre so that the city was quite well taken care Tabernacle in a section of Paris called of, though there is still great need in the Zone Noire. A member of the many parts. It is even yet a city of tents French Academy thus describes this and hit-or-miss living, with much misery, district: fear and sorrow.

"The Black Zone is inhabited by a centuries of existence of this, the largmixetl crowd of rag and bone dealers, est of all Protestant communions. dangerous ruffians, and many jailbirds. We have unforgettable visions of these The Lutheran section of the Chrisveritable 'Negro villages' where un- tian Church has not only retained its speakable huts shelter badly an ever- identity as a leading denomination, but increasing population living in sinister still exhibits that sturdy independence and dangerous promiscuity. Material and tenacious adherence to its distincpoverty is nothing as compared to mor- tive tenets which Martin Luther himal poverty. There is not a notion of self frequently demonstrated. The right and wrong in those souls. They supreme valuation of doctrines, which are gradually returning to savagery. made that leader of the Reformation One can imagine how impressive it was an impossible party to proposed comwhen in this new Gospel Hall a hun- promises, plus the civic and economic dred children sang Gospel hymns and uses to which evangelical principles recited the wonderful story of Jesus' were put by sixteenth-century kings birth. Fifty mothers and fathers were and princes, have produced a score and there." more of national churches. All of these adhere to about the same creedal ten- On the 31st of January last, obliga- ets and use the same handbook to tions on the building costs amounting instruct their youth for church memto 20,000 fr.ancs fell due. On the 27th, bership, but no common form of orattention was called to the need with ganization was undertaken until the the word that the Lord would help present decade. It took the shock of when they had done all possible them- the World War, and the terrible hardselves. Wednesday a young man called. ships that followed 1918, to bring the He had come from the country to seek need of an international connection inwork and his father had given him to an actuality. enough to live on until he was settled. He wanted to give a part of this to the The present Lutheran Church has building costs. "To our amazement he three divisions. The section of Gerhanded us 8,000 francs. All through many and adjacent Germanic offshoots Wednesday came a stream of members reflects reformation controversies, and friends bringing their gifts, the Catholic, Calvinistic and composite. result of real sacrifice. After supper a The Scandinavian group comprises brother came to express to us his love state churches of Norway, Sweden, and attachment to the church, putting Denmark and Finland, which went solin our hands ten thousand francs."- idly over to the evangelical principles Sunday School Times. but retained much of the Catholic or- ganization. The third group, smallest Lutherans Move Toward Union numerically, is American. These re- tain the doctrines of the European ON THE Four Hundreth Anniver- groups, but have few of the ritualistic sary of the date that Martin Lu- forms and no relationships with the ther made public his catechisms, 250 State. All three groups are engaged delegates, representing .sixty church in extensive mission work among nonorganizations in twenty countries, Christians.-Christian Herald. cOmprising about 70,000,000 members, assembled in Copenhagen, Denmark, Jews of Cracow for the Second World Convention of the Lutheran Church. The first was CRACOW has a Jewish population of held in 1923, and the purpose of the 52,292, out of a total population of convention this year, June 26 to July 206,829. These Jews are so intensely 4, was to strengthen the organization religious that there is a proverb "As started at that time. This was but the pious as a Cracow Jew." Some one has second world convention in the four observed that if these men became Christians, we should see a type simi-

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

lar to their ancient brethren, of whom from any town with a missionary.

it is said in Acts 17: 16, that "they From two to five thousand gather at turned the world upside down." A the weekly markets in each district and worker among these people tells in The most of these markets are approached Jewish Missionary Herald of an ortho- by roads passable in good weather.

dox young Jew whose surprise was These untouched tribes make a re- unbounded when he found that in. markably promising field for Christian books which dealt with Jesus as the evangelism.-Sunday School Times.

Messiah there were so many citations from the Jews' own Holy Bible. "From In the Barbary States T my childhood," he said, "I was taught HE present staff of the North Afri- ca Mission numbers 105-79 womthat only to Jews who believed in God and kept His law is the Messiah prom- en and 26 men-at 27 stations in the ised and that He would deliver them Barbary States. Mr. Harvey Farmer, from their long exile and restore the general secretary, reports open doors Jewish Kingdom, and as I read I on every hand.

thought, 'what has the Jewish message "The willingness to listen was never to do with Gentiles?' I could not ex- more marked, and while there are plain the mystery and have been hop- many adversaries and much opposition, ing to talk with you about it." After an ever increasing number are brought much conversation, he said: "I see now under the sound of the Word of the that the truth about the Messiah is Lord. The sale of Scripture portions entirely different from what I and my to Jews, Moslems and others continues people believe." He was given a New to increase. Our receipts, however, are Testament, looked at the title, and joy- quite inadequate to meet the demands fully put it in his pocket. of the work. Our income of £11,113 last year was rather higher than in AFRICA 1927, but our responsibilities were Evangelism in Morocco £3,090 in excess of this."

MOROCCO has recently been made In connection with this urgent need more accessible to the Gospel. a day was set apart for prayer, and on Mr. Charles C. Gabriel and his associ- May 21st it was announced that over ates have visited some 130 of its 450 £4,000 had been received for this work.

market places, some of them a number -The Christian.

of times. At least six thousand copies of Gospels have been bought by Mos- Growth on the Niger lems. The truth preached-the lost AT ST. PETER'S Church, Okrika, state of man, the Sonship of Christ, t.West Africa, on January 13th, three His sacrificial death and resurrection African priests and one European is wearing down opposition. Markets priest, and ten deacons were ordained where at first there was a great tumult, to service in the Episcopal Church on after a number of visits, have become the Niger, this being the largest num- quiescent if not friendly, and friendly ber ever ordained at one time in that from the conviction that the teaching diocese. It was an interesting coinci- given is true. "Time and time again dence that each of the candidates for we have seen the crowd silenced by the priest's orders represented a different declaration from some one present that language and tribe, there being one we are true believers and are preach- lbo, one native of Brass, one of new ing what is true." An automobile Calabar, and one European. Three or serves as pulpit and tent. The crowd four thousand people were present at gathering about it numbers at times the service, including Bishop Howells, fifty, but more often three to five hun- the African assistant bishop, and dred. This mission is aiming not at Archdeacon Crowther, son of the late townspeople, but at the five million who Bishop Crowther, and himself a vet- live in the country up to fifty miles eran of eighty-five years.

The rush of children into the schools a letter was read from Mr. W. H. continues. There is hardly one of all Laughton of Meru, in which he said: the numerous schools which is not obliged to turn away boys anxious to Perhaps the best message I can send is attend, because neither accommodation this: if the local preachers in the homenor staff is available to meet the de- land can equal the achievements of some mand. In Onitsha, the headquarters of our teachers here in East Africa, of the mission, there are about one whose educational advantages have never hundred boys at the secondary school carried them beyond the Standard IV and about a thousand at the primary point, they will have little difficulty in and infants' schools, but with adequate "getting the goods across,"-if such a staff there is no doubt that two or phrase may be permitted. For a thorthree hundred more would be at the ough grasp of a situation, the signifischool within a week. Six years ago cance and application of a text, the the total school staff was under ten, sermons of these native local preachers today the number is nearly 40. All are nothing short of astounding, especithe other schools have increased in ally when it is considered that to their much the same way.-The Church fathers Jesus Christ was not even a Overse!1S. name.

Medical Mi••ion for the Gold Ooast Education in Dema.nd THE Basei Mission has laid the cor- I N UGANDA there is everywhere a ner stone for a new mission hospital demand for education, even among in Agogo. The buildings are to in- raw tribes, and this facilitates the clude a hospital for the natives, a rest starting of out-schools, and the believhouse for Europeans and dwellings for ers are zealous to read. In many places the physician and nurses. The Eng- the natives will build a school, collect lish Chief Commissioner, Sir John the teacher's wage, and send into the Maxwell, said: "Basel missionaries Mission Station begging for a teacher. have built the first good road from the This brings with it a great opportucoast to the interior and before anyone nity. else thought of it, the Basel missionaries, seeing the dearth of artisans in In the Congo, the value of reading this country, have worked successfully has yet to be appreciated, and the deto help out in this matter. This mis- sire to be taught to read is looked upsion, four decades ago has taken the on by the ordinary native as an art greatest pains to train young men of for little boys to acquire, and the the people to be carpenters, black- spread of the Gospel is hindered. smiths and shoemakers. This resulted in blessings not only to the country it- The work in all stations will be self, but along the entire west coast of strengthened by the completion of Mr. Africa these artisans of the Basel mis- Norman Grubb's translation of the sion were known and sought after, New Testament.-The Christian. from Sierra Leone down to the Congo. Thus the Gold Coast was a famous Livingstone Memorial country in all West Africa, before the other colonies were hardly mentioned. T HE Scottish national memorial to This fame the Gold Coast owes to the David Livingstone is nearing com- Basel mission."-Allg. Miss. Nachr. pletion. All the squalid tenements around it have been demolished, and Tribute to African Preachers his actual birthplace in Blantyre, Scotland, with the adjoining houses of NATIVE African preachers were Shuttle row, have been transformed paid a high tribute at a recent from a dirty slum into a suitable mu- Conference at Oxford, England, when seum. Ten acres of surrounding ground are being laid out as a recre- ation park and open-air theatre. The roads on which unemployed miners have been working are nearly finished. At the formal opening are to be eight tableaux depiciting scenes from his

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

life. Among' the latest curios and clothes, hair plastered with clay, dull, relics that have been donated for ex- indifferent, boldly clamoring for beer, hibition is the chistening shawl in dwelling in a filthy hut. The second, which the baby David was carried for dressed in clean print, friendly and baptism. It is 15 feet long and 5V2 polite, her home tidy and appreciative feet wide, woven with Paisley silk in of higher things. Many of these older exquisite coloring and design. Christian women possess a natural tact which makes their opinions worth David Livingstone's grandson, Dr. knowing.-Moravian Report. Hubert Wilson, a medical missionary for 15 years in Chitambo, at· present WESTERN ASIA home on furlough, has just resigned, owing to family health reasons, and Turks and the Bible expects to settle and practice in this country. His sister, Mrs. Alexander 1 HE LONDON DAILY TELE- MacDonald, continues the noble tradi- GRAPH reports a complete change tion of her grandfather as the wife of of attitude towards foreign religious an ordained missionary at Chasefu, in schools on the part of the Turks. A Livingshmia.–Ch.risti{l.n Century. fierce campaign against such schools had been proceeding in the newspapers, Training Boys to Teach and an association had been formed which aimed at government support to THE boys of the Sona Bata board- expel all Christian missionaries. ing school, Sona Bata, Belgian Congo, are required to teach between their The schools had definitely decided to second and third years of school, thus close down on account of the stringent showing the sincerity of their desire regulations against teaching the Bible. to learn that they may teach. P. A. But they have now been officially in- MacDiarmid writes that more than six- formed that there is no longer any obty-nine have gone out to teach in the jection to their giving religious lessons last three years. Most of these have or services to non-Moslem pupils, proschools with from twenty to forty chil- vided that the latter attend of their dren, and several of them are holding own free will, with the consent of their posts in far away villages among parents or guardians. strange tribes.-Watchman-Examiner. This general attitude on the part of Moravians in South Africa the Turks is indicative that the policy hitherto followed of mere toleration of MAY, 1929, marked the 100th anni- foreign schools will henceforth be versary of the founding of the abandoned, and that on the contrary Moravian Mission at Shiloh, East these institutions will in future receive South Africa. From a small beginning every encouragement from the authorihave come 12,500 baptized chprch mem- ties. There is even the question of bers, 13 principal stations, 45 out-sta- omitting the non-Moslem stipulation.- tions, and 150 preaching places, with Alliance Weekly. a staff of 26 European missionaries, 12 native ministers, and over 300 native Bible Revision in Turkey helpers, both men and women. When the last figures were taken there were T HE British and Foreign Bible So- 55 schools, with 4,285 scholars and 120 ciety in conjunction with the Amernative teachers, and also 85 scholars in ican Bible Society is placing the the seminary at Myenyane. Scriptures before the Turkish people in the new characters which were made If one is seeking evidence of the compulsory at the beginning of the leavening power of Christianity, it is New Year. Mr. James Russell, the interesting to compare a heathen wom- Bible Society's assistant-secretary at an with an average church member of Constantinople, states: "It was felt Shiloh. The first is clad in dirt-soaked that as the Turks prefer the Book of Proverbs to any other portion of the

:Bible, it would be advisable to begin pelled to give up their ancient cos- with its publication first, and that it tume. These changes are influencing would greatly assist its readers if it the attitude of the Persians toward were in the two forms of writing, the all things modern and foreign, includ- "new on one page and the old on the ing literature. Men who formerly opposite page. It was felt also that could not come in contact with the such an edition would assist the Presi- Christians at all, or read Christian dent in his great scheme of teaching books, now avail themselves of this every man, woman and child to read, new freedom which has been thrust and that consequently the government upon them and are ready to read and would look upon the work with a be- discuss new ideas without endanger- nevolent eye. There is another edition ing their standing in the community.

in the new characters only." The Bible The Shah is keen on education, and Society's agent reports that the sale many books from English and French is encouraging. The opportunity has are being translated so that the debeen taken to study the whole question mand is increasing, and the missionof revision, in regard to grammar as aries are endeavoring to meet it. well as alphabet, and a committee of experts in Turkish, Hebrew and Greek A recent convert from Islam, a has been formed for the purpose. As well educated young man from Yezd, many Persian and Arabic words as saw a catalogue of Evangelical books possible are to be eliminated and pure- and was delighted. He said, "I had no ly Turkish words substituted. idea that there was so much Christian literature! I must start studying at once."

An Uncontrovertible Gospel MR. BOERGER of the Lutheran INDIA Orient Mission tells of a man, whom he called a load carrier, who Evangelizing in Bands brought a little boy to his station. EvANGELISTIC campaigns by "Miss Gudhart washed the boy, and bands of Indian Christians, who we picked the maggots out of the sores arrange to set aside one week for this on his head. It was not a pleasant task, special effort, are becoming a striking for the stench was almost unbearable. feature of Christian enterprise in In- But we cleaned him up, fed him, and dia. Christians in and near Gorakhclothed him. Today he is well and pur, with the help of the missionaries, hearty and now for the first time in set apart a week in March for a gospel his life he is learning something of the campaign. Their aim was to visit as love of God in word and deed. He is many as possible of the towns and viltelling everyone of his new found lages within a forty-mile radius, each friends, of what they have done for on its special bazaar day. Sometimes him, and what they mean to him." they fouIJd unwillingness to buy the This is the kind of a Gospel that ad- gospels at a farthing each; often the mits of no contradiction. reply came: "Noone in my house can read" ; but during the week nearly Changes in Persia 5,000 copies were sold, and there were many opportunities of telling the Gos- APERSIAN correspondent writes pel story to those who had never heard. that this ancient land is changing Taljhari is the oldest C. M. S. stavery rapidly. Age long customs are tion among the Santals. Latterly many giving place to Western ideas and of the Christians have been growing modern civilization. The Shah in- slack and their low moral standard has sists that turbans and flowing robes been a source of anxiety. Last autumn shall give place to hats and European special services were held in Taljhari suits. Many venerable turbaned men and in some of the villages near by. As have wept like children when com- a result 130 Christians volunteered to

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

help in a week's evangelistic campaign. day, and when the invitation was Teachers went out with a magic lan- given thirteen adults arose. In evitern and took turns in speaking about dence of their sincerity they cut from the pictures illustrating our Lord's life their necks, arms and legs cotton to audiences numhering up to 200. string necklaces and anklets to the Other parties went out in the day time number of a thousand pieces. These visiting some thirty different villages. "magic" circlets, each having seven By the end of the week fifty people had knots tied in them, are supposed to given in their names, wishing for fur- avert typhoid and small pox. Closest ther teaching.-Church Missionary attention was paid to all the addresses. Outlook. -Baptist Missionary Review.

Matrons' Conference CHINA CONFERENCE for matrons, to Christian Missions Reviewed A discuss boarding school problems, N THE Atlantic Monthly for May, 1929, Prof. K. S. Latourette ap- I was arranged by the Women's Association for Christian Education of Mad- praises the work of Christian missions ras. Twenty-seven delegates – ma- in China. trons, nurses, and some teachers met, The Roman Catholics have been in from February 19th to 21st, in Chit- China since the 16th century and the toor. Group discussions led to the fol- missionaries number today about lowing conclusions: thirty-one hundred, the majority com- (1) All matters of discipline should be ing from Latin Europe. It is estimated kept out of school prayer services. that there are about two and a quarter (2) A place should be set apart exclusively.for purposes of meditation and million members of their communion worship—both private and corporate. in the Chinese Republic or three times the number of 25 years ago. (3) Children should be allowed to select hymns they like, to talk on topics, Protestant missions have only been or offer prayers, prepared beforehand, in China for a century, the Protestant and to compile a hymn book of their own. community today numbering about half a million, and the number of mis- (4) Responsive prayers, and readings with response, may be prepared to suit the needs and the experiences of the chil- sionaries being in the neighborhood of dren. 4,000. While there are one hundred and sixty different Protestant societies (5) The form of service may be varied at work in China, over half the misby changing the order and by introducing silent prayer. (6) Open-air meetings may occasionally be arranged. sionary force is under twelve societies and most of them are engaged in co- (7) Indian musical instruments may operative enterprises which bring be used to help the children keep time in them into close association. In a simsinging.

Psychology and discipline, hygiene, ilar manner the Roman Catholic miswise use of leisure time and the spir- sionaries represent over 40 different itual side of a matron's work were sub- orders but cooperate in matters of genjects discussed at length.-National eral policy. Christian Council Review. In closing Prof. Latourette says: "Christian missions with all their mis- The Truth Advances in Burma takes and shortcomings, have been and are of inestimable service to China.

AN ENCOURAGING field is that in No one knows what the future of .t:. the Pegu Yomas, west of Toun- China is to be, whether the nation is to goo in Burma. The inhabitants are disintegrate or whether it is to pro- largely animist in belief. A group duce a new and richer culture. If a from the Bwe Baptist School con- newer and finer China emerges, as ducted meetings in a large animist some of us have faith to anticipate, it village during their Christmas holi- will be in part because in the days of

its transition there were unselfishly Inland Mission, reported that Moham- labouring in it thousands of foreigners medan raiders annihilated the male in- who sought to bring it in touch with habitants of the city and looted the the best that the Occident had to give." homes. Only a few women were killed, mostly those who attempted to shield Higher Education in China the men.

T HERE are 16 higher Christian Religious fanaticism was given as schools in China that confer aca- the motive for the raid and there has demic degrees. They are attended by been a Moslem rebellion in Kansu 12,000 students of whom 670/0 are Province for some time. Christian. The alumni number 4,000 and of these 57% are Christian, who The raid on Tankar (Dangar), ochold positions in church and school.- curred during the winter and was de- Allg. Miss. Nachr. scribed as the most gruesome in the long history of Moslem outbreaks in One Language for China China.

A SPECIAL correspondent to the The Moslems made a butchery of New Yark Times from Shanghai the male inhabitants because "it was writes that the Ministry of Education the will of Allah that if a Moslem kills in the National Government of China ten Chinese he will surely go to parahas announced a program to popularize dise." the use of Mandarin as the official, and, eventually, the only language in all Chinghai Province was created last China. The presence of numerous dia- year out of the northwestern part of lects in various parts of the country Kansu and is one of the famine areas. has long been one of the chief barriers Dangar is east of the Tibetan border to unity. between Siningfu and Lake Koko-nor. The town was filled with starving ref- At present, whenever a man of prom- ugees who had assembled there in the inence makes an address, he prefers to hope of gaining relief. speak in mandarin, otherwise his audience might think him uneducated and An American Mission Seized unworthy of his high office. ON JULY 16th, says an Associated Difficult as the problem is, the Min- Press dispatch from Amoy, the istry of Education feels that a start American missionaries were informed must be made, hence the National Lan- that Communist troops had occupied guage Unification Committee has been the main buildings of Talmage College appointed. The written language is (belonging to the Reformed Church universally the same throughout Mission) and the mission residence at China, that is, the characters are the Chanchow, fifty miles southwest of same, although there may be some Amoy. The American Consul filed a shades of meaning in various sections protest with the Fukien Commissioner of the country that differ from others. of Foreign Affairs at Amoy.

Mohammedan Uprising Anti-missionary activities in South Fukien have been increasing and there AN ASSOCIATED PRESS dispatch is fear that the property of other misft from Peiping, dated July 29th, re- sions in that area may receive similar treatment. ports that the Mohammedans massacred 20,000 men and boys in the city Chekiang-Shanghai Convention of Tankar (Dangar-ting) in the Province of Kansu-Chinghai. Mr. Findley DURING the annual Baptist Con- Andrews, an American missionary, vention of Chekiang-Shanghai, who has just returned from a three held at Kinhwa, five things stood out months' investigation in the famine as significant: the complete and effecareas of Northern China for the China tive responsibility on the part of the Chinese organization for the whole

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

work of the convention; the important home and carried him and a neighbor part assumed by the women workers; about 200 miles to the south.

the self-sacrifice and consecration evi- One night, as Mr. Dju was sitting dent; the earnestness with which the in the hut he pulled out a little pocket problem of religion in the schools was Testament and as he was reading one considered and perhaps most signifi- of the robbers saw it and asked: cant of all, the meeting of the native "What is that you are reading?" He missionary society. The work has ex- answered that it was the New Testa- panded, the budget has been met and ment. "Are you a Christian?" "N0, the workers are full of enthusiasm, but I am learning the doctrine." "You quickened by their success in meeting are false and trying to deceive us,"

opportunities. said the robber. "I might be false,"

Interest also centered on Kinhwa, said Mr. Dju, "but the Book is not." the place of meeting, because this sta- "Preach to us then," said the robber. tion has suffered severely, and endured "I cannot preach." "Read to us then so calmly and patiently during the past that we might hear what it says. The two years of political disturbance. Spirit of the Lord must have helped Christians were mobbed, residences the man to find the place, for he began used as stables, schools confiscated, one to read: at a later date was partly burned, the Come now, ye rich, weep and howl for church edific,e was desecrated and se- the miseries that are coming upon you. verely damaged, and only the fact that Your riches are corrupted, and your garthe doctor was needed for his profes- ments are moth-eaten. Your gold and sional skill saved him from a firing your silver are rusted; and their rust shall be for a testimony against you, and squad when he boldly admitted that he shall eat your flesh as fire. Ye have laid up your treasures in the last days. Bewas a Christian.-Watchman-Examin- hold, the hire of the laborers who mowed er. your fields, which is of you kept back by fraud, crieth out: and the cries of them Saving American Sailors that reaped have entered into the ears of MISSIONARIES in China are seek- the Lord of Sabaoth. Ye have lived deli- cately on the earth, and taken your pleasing to reclaim American sailors ure; ye have nourished your hearts in who face overwhelming temptation in the days of slaughter. Ye have conforeign ports. Many come from the demned, ye have killed the righteous one; best of homes, but sinful forces drag he doth not resist you. (J as. 5: 1-6.) them down. A missionary in Chefoo He had not read very far before the writes of opening his home to these robbers began to weep. They were boys, some of whom have been remark- overcome by the power of the Word.

ably converted. Some have given them- From then on he received better treat- selves to Christian service, and others ment at their hands, and after a short plan to leave the navy and continue time he was released. He said, "God their education. A Gospel Hall for let me be carried off by robbers in sailors is maintained for these boys.- order to awaken me and bring His S. S. Times. Word to them."-Lutheran News Bul- letin.

Making Robbers Weep MISCELLANEOUS THIRTY miles southwest of Yen- "Intelligence Test" for Missionaries shih, Honan, is a small village which had never heard of Christ a few ARECENT study of 159 missionyears ago. Being a mountainous dis- aries in North China representtrict, robbers find it a good hiding ing five denominations has revealed place and the people suffer many hard- the following interesting facts regardships. A resident of the village, Mr. ing the intellectual standards of thtl Dju, became interested in the Gospel missionary body. The assertion has about a year ago. Robbers entered his frequently been made that the mis-

sionaries are not well educated, either justments, the Council is deeply con- in their own learning or in that of the vinced that, for a long time to come country in which they work. How- the help of missionaries will be re- ever, the results of the investigation, quired in one part of China or another, as read by Mr. Dwight W. Edwards, of for practically every type of work ….

the Peking Young Men's Christian "If the opportunity were but real- Association, before the Peking Mis- ized by students and other young peo- sionary Association, reveal that 127 ple in the older churches, there would of the 174 missionaries are college surely be a large offering of the finest graduates with B.A. degrees, 39 are men and women to come in as fellow members of honorary societies such workers of Chinese Christians in the as Phi Beta Kappa, and 57 have M.A. common service of the Church in this degrees. Furthermore, this group has land. It is our prayer that, in this spent 226 years in graduate study in new day for China, the opportunity home universities, or an average of may be seen and taken by many in the 1.2 years apiece. Only 17 of the total spirit of Christ, who said, 'I am among 174 do not hold degrees of some sort, you as one that serveth.' "

and of these twelve are wives. Two K. T. Paul, president of the Allare business secretaries, one is a India Christian Conference of India, nurse, and one has a distinguished reported for his country at Jerusalem: record as, a student of and a writer "India does want missionaries, as many as you can send. . .. It is the New Missionaries Needed missionary, the human being who lives and loves in the ordinary every- OVER a thousand definite calls for day life of Christ, that is always wel- new missionaries are listed by come. We want missionaries, Christthe Student Volunteer Movement from like missionaries, who will come and the many sending agencies. Over live among us and identify themselves seven hundred and fifty represent with us, who will share with us all definite and immediate opportunities our joys and sorrows in the spirit of for Christian service abroad finan- Christ." cially provided for in 1929. "The Japanese are anxious to co- These are minimum calls. Some boards were unable as yet to report operate with missionaries," wrote exact figures, and others are confident Bishop Kogoro Uzaki, of the Japan that increased missionary giving will Methodist Church, and chairman of the National Christian Council. continue throughout the year, and But in the face of persistent calls make some of the provisional calls for more missionaries from the actual. Nearly one thousand new mis- younger churches abroad, the sending sionaries are expected to sail in 1929, agencies are unable to find sufficient if well qualified candidates are avail- candidates qualified to meet the deable. mand. New student volunteers en- The National Christian Council of rolling in 1928 were but ten per cent China, composed chiefly of Chinese of those of 1920. There is a similar members, at its sixth annual meeting or greater decrease in the number of last October, "faced with deep concern non-student volunteer candidates. Be- the serious situations caused by the cause of this the boards are often uncertainty in many minds as to the unable to pick missionaries of superior need and place for missionaries in the quality.

Christian movement in China." This In view of urgent needs abroad, and Council reported: "In spite of the fact waiting opportunities, will the youth that, in some cases, missionaries have of the churches respond ?-The Chris- withdrawn owing to necessary read- tian Advocate.

books mentioned in these columns will be forwarded by us

receipt of price.-THE REVIEW.

The Japan Mission Year Book. Edited by tricts are still largely unoccupied by Paul S. Mayer. 12 mo. 506 pp. Kyo either Japanese or foreign Christian Bun Kwan, Ginza, Tokyo. 1928. workers. This means that twenty-six million farmers, one and a half million A remarkable library on Christian fishermen and four and a half million work in Japan has been compiled in laborers are practically unreached the twenty-six volumes of which this with the Christian message. The secis the latest. Each chapter tells the tion on Formosa repays a careful story of some phase of progress or de- reading. The statistics for Japan show scribes present conditions in Japan fifty-six Protestant societies at work and Formosa. Korea is unfortunately with 1,211 foreign missionaries, 4,978 omitted in this volume. Japanese Christian workers, and 188,- 566 baptized Protestant Christians. Not only Christian work but the Other figures relate to educational, political situation and foreign rela- medical and philanthropic work. tions, industrial and economic conditions, religion and education are The policy recommended for the coincluded in the survey. The sections operation of the Japanese Church and on Japan's relations with Russia and foreign missionaries for occupying America, and the internal conditions new fields include the following: in Japan are illuminating. Mr. Okuyama shows why Japan is com- 1. A union theological institution. mitted to a program of peace. Pres- 2. Agreement to avoid overlapping. ent-day Shintoism is revealed as a 3. Better equipment for educational religion of many different sects, wor- institutions. shiping various tutelary deities and 4. More kindergartens. celebrating numerous festivals. It is 5. Trained leadership for social welinteresting to note that the Christian fare work. churches and missions have nearly 6. Interchange of Christian workers 200,000 children under instruction. with other nations. The importance of Sunday-school 7. Discouragement to the introduction teaching is increasingly recognized. of new Christian sects. Work for neglected classes and in the city slums is described in separate The Anatomy of African Misery. Lord Olivier. 12 mo. 234 pp. 68. London. 1927.

chapters and the work and influence Africa was "dark" before the white of the National Christian Council is man entered but many woes have been favorably reported. An important added by traders, adventurers and and suggestive section deals with "The politicians. Lord Olivier has sym- Christian Life and Message in Rela- pathy for the miseries of the African tion to the Non-Christian Faiths." that are due to white exploitation and This points out the cardinal teachings domination. He analyses the causes of Christianity and its superiority to of dissatisfaction and suggests remother religions. In the chapter on un- edies. Slavery has been abolished but occupied fields, we are told that 428 enforced servitude continues. Tribal towns with populations of over 5,000 laws and customs have been made of have no Christian work and rural dis- no effect in districts under white con- 733

trol, but better ways of life have not birth here. He shows the encouraging supplanted the old standards of moral- progress in cooperation, and some of ity and the old methods of education. the results of church union of various Communal tenure of land has been types. He is in favor of the affiliated displaced and the black man is not per- type of community church in rural mitted to settle where he will or to districts but advocates cooperation live according to his ancient custom. rather than union among larger de- Employment in mining and other in- nominations. The bibliography and dustrial centers and in white settle- addenda give much useful information.

ments lower the moral standards and the black man is powerless to combat The Kingdom Without Frontiers. Hugh the evils. Kept down by racial dis- Martin. 96 pp. $1. New York. 1928.

crimination and without the right to "The Bible is a missionary book, not vote, he is under white domination because it contains isolated texts with and laudable ambition to progress is a missionary flavor, but because the discouraged. Lord Olivier believes in main line of argument that binds to- giving the black man a chance to de- gether all its volumes is the exposition, velop in body, mind and spirit-with the unfolding, and the gradual execu- adequate land, freedom to choose his tion of a missionary purpose." This occupation, educational opportunities, sentence from the introduction gives self-government and encouragement the reader a true idea of the contents.

from his white brothers in self-respect The author finds the first message in and industry. the prophets and points out its de- The "Five Fears of South Africa" velopment in the New Testament. The are enumerated as (1) fear of increas- chapter on "The World Outlook of ing competition of natives with Euro- Jesus" is especially helpful and the dis- peans on the wage labor market; (2) cussion of "The Gospel of the Holy fear of increasing native resentment Spirit" clearly reveals the missionary because of white arrogance and dis- impulse among the early Christians.

criminations; (3) fear that white civilization may be infected and the The Humauity of God. John Wright morale of European stock deteriorate; Buckham, D.D. 247 pp. $2.50. New (4) fear of increasing miscegenation; York. 1928. (5) fear of native domination through political franchise. Here is a philosophical discussion of problems arising in the realm of Lord Olivier believes that if the theology, based on the theory of the African is treated fairly and educated universal Fatherhood of God and properly he will be an asset rather theistic evolution. It will not prove than a liability in South Africa. satisfying to those who believe in the "Fatherhood of God" as applying only Protestantism in the United States. Archer to those who have been spiritually B. Bass. 8vo. 364 pp. $3. New "born again." The thesis as stated by York. 1929. the author is: "To maintain that the Dr. Bass was educated as a soldier symbolic conception of God as Father, and a Christian minister and therefore offers an interpretation of religious is a firm believer in closer fellowship experience and a theory concerning and cooperation among Christians the ultimate meaning of man and the rather than in "close communion," al- cosmos, which is not only tenable but though he is a Baptist. His book is is more rational as well as more pro- an informing study of the rise and ductive of human well being than any growth of sectarianism in the Prot- other." There is a wide range of ap- estant Church, its benefits and its plication to this thesis covering the evils. Forty-two Protestant denomina- whole field of human experience.

tions have been imported into Amer- There is a wealth of quotation and ica and 113 new sects have had their allusion to the world's great literature.

BOOKS WORTH READING

The title, "The Humanity of God," is then crossed the span of countries as a misnomer and suggests the possi- far as Europe, where it burned with bilities of false teaching that for- an unsteady gleam for half a century tunately does not develop in the book. and then returned to its native country It is a scholarly and reverent discus- where it continued to burn more modsion of the Fatherhood of God, studied estly as one light beside other and from every possible angle. The love brighter ones. of God is brought into the realm of our spiritual appreciation. The book is a presentation of the role Confucianism played in Europe M. T. SHELFORD. under the influence of the Jesuits and it is written in the beautiful style of Important to Me. By Margaret Slattery. the director of the Ostasien Mission. 12 mo. 93 pp. $1. Boston. 1929. C. THEODORE BENZE. Miss Slattery is never dull; she is always helpful, especially to young Liberia-Old and New. James L. Sibley women. In this little booklet she and D. Westermann. 317 pp. $1.50. draws from her wide experience and Garden City, N. Y. 1928. Christian convictions many useful letters on the care of the body, the edu- A half-forgotten chapter in our hiscation of the mind, the development of tory recalls the fact that the Christian character; the place of religion, the conscience of America was in revolt Bible and the Church, and the in- against human slavery long before the fluence of companions. Throughout Civil War. The beginnings of the she exalts Christ as the great Teacher founding of Liberia in 1820 and onand Helper. Warnings and inspira- ward present a combination of Christion gathered from the lives of young tian idealism as expressed through men and young women are gripping the American Colonization Society, and challenging. The author is widely the striving for liberty on the part of known and loved for what she is and American-born Negroes repatriated for the help she has given to young upon the continent of Africa and a women in solving the life problems, genuine effect upon the part of Amernot by preaching but by inspiring to ican government leaders to atone in higher things. some measure for the terrible crime of past centuries in the introduction Konfuzius in Aller Welt. Theodor De- of African slaves into America. varanne. Hinrichsche Buchhandlung. 5 marks. Leipsig, Germany. Dr. Westermann has contributed five important chapters on the social The sub-title: "A Tragic Chapter and religious life of the inland peoin the History of the Human Soul," ples native to Liberia and Mr. Sibley is explained in the preface as follows: gives a fascinating story of present "It is the tragedy of a fading star conditions in the colony, outlining the which we see before us here. Just work of the Christian missions and as catastrophes take place in space, adding a complete educational proso there lies a catastrophe in the gram which is the outgrowth of his spiritual history of mankind before investigations made in behalf of the us. Eastern Asia turns more to the American Advisory Committee on West now, than to its own past. East- Education. ern Asia becomes more and more aware of the Occident rather of its For a hundred years Liberians own ideals. Eastern Asia is beginning have reproduced the American reto feel that both Occident and Orient publican form of government and belong to God." Christian institutions upon the con- tinent of Africa with a relative de- In the spirit of these words the book gree of success. In the days to come tells the story of a light that sent its Liberia will possess increasing sigrays eastward to Japan across the sea, nificance in respect to the Christian development of the great continent.

American Christians, in the study of thinker, he is conscientious and he African missions, ought to have a bases his objections on Biblical knowledge of the facts given in this grounds. These objections include the book. P. H. J. LERRIGO. claims of the chairman for the au- thority of the Conference, the state- The Outlined Romans. Robert Lee. 104 ment of the aim of missions, the view pp. 3s. London. 1928. of educational work in missions, the advocacy of the church's cooperation These scriptural studies represent with "World Forces," and the policies with reference to native churches and two and a half years of blackboard the training of native leaders. Mr. Allen's missionary policy is evannotes and outlines on the epistle, given gelistic and there is much to be said for his views as to following more at the Mildmay Conference Hall, Lon- fully the apostolic missionary meth- ods. don. Blackboard outlines are like Where Polar Ice Begins. By S. H. Gapp. skeletons-it is hard to create a living Paper 50c. Bethlehem. 1928.

person out of them.

Each page is a subject by itself, and contains a brief outline of a few verses studied; buttressed by chapter and verse. JAMES F. RIGGs.

Forty Names of Satan. By T. C. Horton. The story of Moravian Missions in Pamphlet. 25 pp. 25c. Long Beach, Alaska is a record of pioneering in California. 1928. the Kuskokwim District where the Moravians have thirty-one out-sta- -This is not a cheerful or very in- tions. This booklet contains useful spiring study, but it reveals the va- general information on the territory, riety and activity of the satanic char- its history, people, government and acter. Many names are duplicated in resources, as well as many interesting their significance-as Apollyon and facts about the Eskimos, their char- Abaddon. The most important part of acteristics, habits, religion and work the pamphlet relates to the personality among them. and influence of Satan, giving reason for thanksgiving that he is not victor.

The Changing Family. By George Walter Jerusalem: A Critical Review of "The Fiske, 318 pp. $2.25. Harper Brothers. New York. 1928. World Mission of Christianity." By Roland Allen. Pamphlet. 35 cents. The sub-title to this very informing London. 1928. book is "Social and Religious Aspects Intelligent, conscientious critics, of the Modern Family." Dr. Fiske, like the opposition party in politics, who is a professor in the graduate are useful assets. They are not al- school of Theology at Oberlin, is well- ways agreeable company but they known through his writings which make us watch our step and examine have made his name one to be reckoned our policies and program more care- with in circles of Religious Education.

fully. Mr. Allen is essentially a critic The author champions the idea that of the present policies in missionary the spiritual alone can save the fam- enterprises and he writes cautiously ily. His contention is that the birth but fearlessly. He here reviews the of altruism founded the home. Noth- reports of the Jerusalem Conference ing can seriously threaten it but selfish and frankly finds many faults in the individualism. This would mean a papers presented. The chief criticism reversion to type, a leap back to the of his criticism is that he has searched jungle. It is exactly this danger that so diligently for the faults that he has the ultra-modern family is facing.

not seen any of the virtues. Neverthe- Individualism has run amuck. It is less, it is advisable for the Interna- disintegrating when not under control tional Missionary Council and other of noble spiritual principles.

missionary officials to study Mr. In the past family stability rested Allen's objections. He is a clear on male autocracy. The cost of this

was female servitude. Today minds were heightened beyond

woman has won complete emancipation common measure. Thus their words and is recognized as the equal of man. convey a personal experience with We must therefore seek a new stabil- reality. He thinks this is the only izer and the greatest possible stabil- authority that Biblical authors need izer of the family is vital Christianity. to claim. Here we face the problem which this volume presents. Like much else that With Goethe, Professor Dodd affirms has gone out of the home of today, we that the Bible will grow more beautifind religion missing. Too many mod- ful the more we understand it. The ern homes are on skids. They have chapter on The Content of Old Testano more roots than an airplane. ment Prophecy is an excellent pres- entation of the theory of develop- The chapter on How Religion Stabil- ment. Here we trace the rise of the izes the Home contains the kernel of religious ideal, from the modern point the author's argument. One out of of view, from the most primitive every seven American homes is ulti- forms to the New Testament era. mately broken by divorce, but prob- Higher criticism is declared to be, not ably ninety-eight per cent of really a series of elaborate guesses, hut cer- Christian homes are never broken in tain conclusions scientifically reached. this way at all, because religion is the best possible insurance against it. J. F. RIGGS.

In suggesting the constructive rem- NEW BOOKS edy for the situation, the author happily avoids the noticeably weak The Great Tribulation and the Second Comsolutions of many books on home life ing of Christ. W. E. Biederwolf. 32 pp. today and strongly stresses the char- 20c. Hamilton Bros. Boston. 1929. acter values of a spiritual religion. Dr. Fiske makes really usable sugges- Hospital Sketche~. Edited by H. G. G. tions and quotes resolutions on the Herklots. 81 pp. 18. London. 1929. subject which are worthy of the careful consideration by all parents. The Charles Inwood: His Ministry and Its book is well balanced and is admirably Secret. Archibald M. Hay. Illus. 226 adapted to the needs of church work- pp. 68. Marshall Bros. London. 1929. ers and leaders in religious education. Love's Danger Signal- The Doctrine of J. F. RIGGS. Future Retribution. John G. Reid. 52 pp. Bible Institute Colportage Assn. The Authority of the Bible. By C. H. Chicago. 1929. ' Dodd, M.A. 310 pp. $3.00. Harper Bros. New York. 1929. Alexander Marshall. John Hawthorn. 159 pp. 28. 6d. Pickering & Inglis. The successor to Dr. James Moffatt London. 1929. of Mansfield College, Oxford, is the author of this interesting volume Pictures That Talk. Series I and II. E. which is a clear presentation of the J. Page. 10c each. Bible Institute argument. Although frankly "mod- Colportage Assn. Chicago. 1929. ern," it is reverent in its approach to the question of authority. The meth- Trends in Protestant Giving. Charles H. od is based on history and experience. Fahs. 67 pp. Institute of Social and Professor Dodd considers the religious Religious Research. New York. 1929. genius of the men who wrote the bogks in our Canon as a psychological proc- Triennial Report of the Board of Foreign ess of revelation. His emphasis is on Missions of the United Presbyterian the life lying behind the word, rather Churoh. 1925-6-7. 245 pp. Philadel- than in the word itself. He conceives phia. 1929. of inspiration as not verbal but personal-a direct imaginative experience The Smiling Faces. Annual Report of the of truth believed to come from God. Mission to Lepers-1928. 48 pp. 6d. It parallels dream psychology and Mission to Lepers. London. 1929. comes under the category of intuitive knowledge. The prophets' hearts and Annual Report of the Board of Foreign Missions of the Reformed Church in America-1929. 128 pp. New York. 1929.

(lOMING EVENTS October 30-31. School of Missions- Baltimore, Maryland.

November 10-12. International Good- will-Nashville, Tennessee.

November 10-17. Week of Prayer of the World's Alliance of Y. M. C. A.

~rmm !II! '''' Ii iWlllilllllililiIIlliWllIlilUlllllllllIIJWy:nm:uumrnrrnmmWJllllillllilDllllltIl1lll1lJ i , ""ti l1IlillIJUIJlli1iIIIIlillIllII

Do You Believe It? Do You Know Why? READ "WHY BELIEVE IT?"

By DELAVAN L. PIERSON, M.A.

Author of the "Life of Arthur T. Pierson," "For Each New Day," "Pacific Islanders," etc.

It is rich in facts, readable, stimulating, convincing; a study of faith and conduct, in the light of the Bible, reason, science and experience.

Includes chapters on BELIEF PRACTICE Tests for Truth The Christian Life The Riddle of ~he Universe Why Work? Can We Know God? The Value of Money The Credentials of Christ Shall We Play? The Reality of the Spirit Marriage and Divorce Concerning the Trinity Effective Prayer What Is the Bible? Life and Its Meaning Creeds and Their Consequences Death and Its Sequel Multitudes of practical questions are asked and answered.

The book is interestingly written and into it is crowded a vast amount of instruction in things that matter most. To possess, within the compass of the volume, a clear and comprehensive portrayal of what is essential Christianity, is a priceless enrichment.

Do:' O. SHELTO:', LL.D., PrcsidCllt of the Nat;ollal Bible Illstitllte.

New York City. I These chapters are concise, Judd, convincing, sane. . . . Every conclusion is hased on the clear teaching of Scripture and is supported by the testimony of science and philosophy and Christian experience. THE RE'·. CHARl.ES R. ERDMA'-', D.D.; L.L.D., Princeton, K. J.

Send for a ('opy to-day. It will prove valuable in its suggestions for sermon preparation, Bible class work or to answer personal problems, espe- cially of modern youth.

Price $1 :50 a copy. The Missionary Rez,jc1t' of the World $2.50 a year The Two for $3.00-(saves $1.00) I I THE MISSIONARY REVIEW PUBLISHING COMPANY I 156 Fifth Avenue, New York ~ nmrn "'I! I!I! I!I! III. "' III 'III III IIImmmmUJIrrmmm,m, III "' "" 111111 IIII'I!I! 111111111111 111111' 1111 III II I! , II , II III III 'I! 11111 I!I! _ " , I!' I! II I! , , II II ",mui, . III III' lilll

The Missionary Review of the World — 1928 Index

MISSIONAR Y

REVIEW of the WORLD VOL. LI OLD SERIES VOL. XLI NEW SERIES Founded in 1878 by Editor-in-Chief, 1888 to 1911 REV. ROYAL 0'. WILDER, D.D. REV. ARTHUR T. PIERSON, D.D.

January to 1Jecember, 1928 EDITOR DELAVAN L. PIERSON INTERDENOMINATIONAL EDITORIAL COUNCIL REV. A. R. BARTHOLOMEW, D.D. ELLA D. MACLAURIN REV. ENOCH F. BELL HEV.•TOHN MCDOWELL, D.D. FRANKLI'N D. COGSWELL REV. PAUL DE SCHWEINITZ, D.D. MRS. HELEN BARRETT MONTGOMERY ]lIRs. JOHN FERGUSON MRS. WM. E. GEIL MRS. HENRY W. PEABODY REV. S. G. INMAN FLORENCE E. QUINLAN MRS. ORRIN R. JUDD RVTH B. R.ULE REV. WM. P. ScHELL, D.D. REV. JOHN BAILEY KELLY MRS. E. H, SILVERTHORN MILTON T. STAUFFER REV. WM, R. KING, D.D. REv. HENRY SMIT'H L·EIPER REV. F. C. STEPHENSON, M.D. P, H, J. LERRIGO, PH.D. REV. JAY S. STOWELL GRACE LINDLEY REV. :M:zLLS J. TAYLOR, D.D. F:ElNNELL P. TURNER REV. H. E. LuccocK, D.D. MRS. D, E. WADE JESSE R. WILSON COPYRIGHTED, 1928-PUBLISHED BY THE MISSIONARY REVIEW PUBLISHING COMPANY, INO.

THIRD AND REILY STREETS, HARRTSRURG, FA., AND 1;'56 Fnvl'H AVElrE, NEW YORK BOARD OF DIRECTORS ROBERT E. SPEER, President SAUUEL MCCR.EA CAVERT Wu. I. CHAMBElt.LAIN, Vice-President WM. BANClROFT HILL WALTF..R McDOUGALL, Treasl1.rer MRS. OR.RIN R.. ;JUDD DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Secretary ERIO M. NORTH HARLAN P. BEACH FLEUING H. REVELL GKARLES L. WHITE 1029 MAPS, CHARTS AND POSTERS Page Page Mexico ………………… .Second Cover, March A"'rica-Boundaries, Divisions …………… 774 Poster for World Day of Prayer, 1929 …. 917 – Missionary Development ……………… 821 – Meeting, Missionary ………. 30'8, 309, 914, 915 – Statistical Maps ………………….. 83(), 831 Poster-Reading, Missionary …………….. 307 – Tribes Recruited for Mines …………… 452 – Unoccupied Fields …………………….. '53 Posters for Children's Work …. 385, 387, 389, 391 American HOIlle Mission Territory …….. 516 United States-Churches per 100() Inhabitants 539 Home Missions in America Today .. Cover, July PHOTOGRAPHIC ILLUSTRATIONS Page Page Africa-Apolo and Pigmy Friends ……….. 827 Brazil-Jones, Stanley, and Students ……. 883 – Banfield, D. W ………………………… 799 – Mackenzie College …………………. 298, 299 – Bibles, Waiting to Buy ……………… 799 Buddhist at Prayer Wheel, Japan ……….. 29 – Bolenge Hospital Assistants ………….. 901 Burma-Sgaw Karen High School, Bassein 260 – Boys at Umtali, Rhodesia ……………. 455 Butler, John W. .. ………….. c…………. 22 – Burger, Dr., of Bolenge Hospital …….. 9Q1 Chamberlain. Jacob …………………….•. 22 – Child Welfare …………………………. 788 China-Main Street in Country Town in .. 11}3 – Christian Congregation ………………. 457 – Village Shrine and Bell ……………… 104 – Church at Blantyre ………………….. 59 Chinese Incense Seller in Temple ……… 105 – Congo Natives Baptized ..First Cover, October – Patients at Mission Hospital ……….•. 107 – Doctor's Test, Christian ………………. 785 Cobb, Henry Nitchie ……………………… 4 – Elisabethville Church …………………. 458 Conference', International Missionary Exec- – Funeral Dance ………………………… 793 utives, 1913 …………………………. 46 – Graduating Class, Uganda …………… 815 Cratty, Mabel …………………………… 395 – Heathen Warriors ……………………… 951 Eddy, Sherwood …………………………. 141 – Heathenism, Snrviving ……………….. 775 Egypt-Pastors Visiting a Home ………… 689 – Industrial School ……………………… 57 Ellis Island-Sisters from Europe ………. 149 – Livingstone's Body Guard …………….. 55 Exhibits, Missionary …………………..150, 151 — Ministers of the Bandawe Church, Living- Fliedne,r. Pastor Fritz …………………. ,. 723 stonia ……………………………….. 948 Flierl, Senior J. .. ………………………. 344 – MiSSionaries, Pioneer ………………… 772' Foreign ::fissions Conferenee at Garden City, – Moffat Preaching ……………………… 54 1913 ……………… -……….. ………. 41 – Native Village …………………………. 952 Guild House Party, Keuka ……………….. 220 – Pageant "Sweet Land of Liber-Tea" …. 223 – Pioneer Church, Elisabethville ……….. 456i Hawaii-Mormon Temple in ………….. '" 6155 – Preaching Outdoors …. Second Cover, October – School ……………… Second Cover, October Helsingfor. Conference of Youth …………. 961 – Springer, John M. .. ………………. 451. 453 Hepburn, James C. ……………………… 22 – Travel New and Old ………….. 4151, 453, 788 Higgins, Frank ………………………….. 547 – Wives of Chief ……………………….. 454 IllUstration Fifty Years Ago ………… .48 49 – Young …………………………………. 779 Immigrant Boys Learning Bible ……….. : 550 African Boy Reading ……………………. 805 Immigrants at Ellis Island ………………. 149 – Children Learn G'ospel ………………… 828 – – Open-air Meeting ………………….. 553 – Christians …………………………….. 905 – Become Girl Scouts …………………… 550 – – Leaders …………………………….. 780 India-Blind Girls at Ramabai Mission .. 357 – – Teaching Boys from Bible ………….. 8m – Hindu Fakir Over Fire ……………… 273 – ~ Wom~~, .;/ …. :.: … ;; ………………… ~09 – "Holy" Fakirs Parade ……………….. 269 – Doctor s Medlcilles ………………. 195 – Husaniabad Gate, Lucknow ………….. 701 – Labor ……………………………….. 56, 57 – Itineration, Modern …………………… 268 – Languages, John 3: 16 in ……………… 798 – Krishnahai …………………………….. 359 – Mission Church ……………………….. 58 – Lahore Fifty Years Ago …………….. 263 – Native …………………………………. 904 – Magic Square from Koran …………… 702 – Pupils in Training ……………………. 953 – Mappillas, Educated ………………….. 704 – Old Men and Young Boys …………….. 899 – Moslem Leaders' Pupils ………………. 705 – Stockade V!llage ………………………. 817 – Mukti, Grinding Mortar ……………… 360 – Untouched Tribe ………………………. 815 – Ramabai Mission Blind Girls ……….. 357 – Witch Doctor's Test ………………….. 783 – Tamil Methodist Church, Madras …….. 260 – Women at School ………………………. 955 – Woman's College, Madras ……………. 265 – – At the Mill …………………………. 954 Indian Boy at Festival ………………….. 272 – Women Dancing ………………………. 80S – Christian Pre'achers in Conference ….. 274 AI~ska, Church at Council ……………… 125 – Girls Returning from Prayer Meeting .. 266 – – View of ……………………………. 633 – Pilgrims Waiting at "Mother Ganges" .. 271 – Eskimos of Point Barrow …………….. 629 International Missionary Conference, Hague, .Jack/09~3. S'h"e'I'd'o'n'" ……………. .'…….. .'………………………….. 54468 — 1M1';a1r0r0ioa, t aPnoiEnltdeBrar.r.o.w……………………………………… 661321 – M,ushing on the Wh1te Pass Trail …… 121 Japan-Anti-Christian Signboard ……….. 31 – Nome in 1900 …………………………. 123 – Buddbist at Prayer Wheel …………… 29 – Point Barrow Skyline …………………. 612 – Fox Worship ……………………….. :. 28 – Summer Home, Point Barrow ………… 612 – Methodist Girls' School, Tokyo ………. 33 – Sunday-school at Skagway …………… 635 – Street Scene in Yedda …………………. 27 – Travel by Dog Sled in ……………….. 631 Jerusalem-International Missionary Council 420 American Indian-"Parson Matanec" ……. 715 – Indian pelegates. East ………………… 433 – Home, Old and New …………………. 714 – Mati, Bishop of Manchester and Prince of – Presbyterian Churoh Members, Oregon .. 716 lCl';anda ……………………………… 429 Banfield, D. W., in Africa ………………… 799 – Women Delegates ……………………… 663 Brainerd, Davtid, and his Interpreter …… 545 Jones, E. Stanley ………………………. 881 1030

Page Page Stock, Eugene . ……………… …………. 4 Koran, Magic Square from ………………. 702 Student Vohmteer Convention, 192& ……… 100 Krishnahai, One of Ramabai's Brabman – – Movement Convention, 1920 ………… 44 Syria-Jewish Day School Pupils ………. 472 Girls ………………………………… 359 – Reading, Damascus ………………….. 471 Layman's Missionary Movement Dinner, 1910 43 Taylor, J. Hudson …….. ………….. ….. 22 Lindbergh in Mexico ……………………. 180 Thomas, Mrs. Elizabeth Stephen ………… 840 LiVingstone's Body Guard ……………….. 55 Thompson, R. Wardlaw …………………. 4 Loope, Frank Roy ….. . .. .. .. . .. . .. .. .. . …. 731 Tibet-Crossing River on Bamboo Rope …. 875 Lowrie, John C. ………………………….. 4 – Mekong River Banks ………………… 873 Mabie, Henry C. …………………………. 4 Turkey-Fire Department ………………18, 19 MacLeod, Roderick A. . ………………….. 871 Magazine Fifty Years Ago ……………….. 47 – Ruler and Divorced Wife …………….. 14 Mexican Evangelist and Family ………… 372 – Transportation of yesterday …………. 16 Mexico-Cbristian Endeavorers ………•….. 373 – Transportation Today ………………… 17 – Lindbergh in ………………………….. 180 Turkish Women of Today ………………. 15 – Market in Mountain Village ………….. 371 – – of Yesterday ………………………. 14 – – Protestant Church Convention, Oaxaco 3,0 United States-Boat, Modern Pioneering …. 529 Missionary, Paralyzed Home . '" …… , …. 731 – Buddhist Temple in California ………. 564 Moffat Preaching in Africa ……………… 64 – Christian Center, California ………….. 621 Mormon Temple in Hawaii …………•…• 655 – Gospels on Fifth Avenue …………….. 877 Mott, John R. .. ………………………… 139 – Founders of Missionary Union in Illinois Mott, John R., at Jerusalem …………….. 959 …………………………………… 486, 487 New Guinea-Baptismal Service ………… 340 – Frontier Church, Wyoming …………… 527 – Missionary Zahn Preaching in ………… 343 – Gospel Cruiser in Puget Sound ……… 529 Papua-Upward Trail …………….Cover, May – Industrial Branch, Y. M. C. A. Lobby …. 365 Papuan Chief, Heathen …………………. 344 – Workers R"ligious Meeting ………. 361, 363 Papuans in Fun Dress …………………. 342 – Jail, Men in ……………………….. 555, 557 Paton, John G. …………………………. 22 – Japanese Christian Church, California Persia-Bishop Linton's House Party ……. 209 – Isfahan from Roof of Palace ………. 211 ………………………..2nd Cover, August – Shah's Mosque at Isfahan ………….. 207 – – Lawyer and Family ………………… 563 Philippines-Christian Association Confer- – – Union Church, Los Angeles ………… 569 – Lee Hong, Chinese Christian Teacher ..• 566 ence …………………………………. 384 – Mexican Congregation, Los Angeles …• 619 Porto Rico-Isabella Evangelical Church .. 197 – Mormon Seminary and Student ………• 653 – Presbyterian Church in San Antonio .• 196 – – University Ward Chapel ……………. 651 – Rural, Evangelical Church in …..•…. 195 – Old and New in Colorado …………… 526 – Tornado Ruins ……………………….. 868 – Oriental Belle ………………………… 565 "Review" Facsimile Cover ……………… 482 – Outdoor Meeting of Jews on Fifth Avenue 879 – of the "Relview", Living …………….. 481 – Rural Community ……………………… 286 Shanghai Missionary Conference in 1877 … 39 Smith, Judson …………………………… 4 – – Negro Church "Manse" …………….. 287 Southern Mountaineer Young People Train- – – Pastor Making RoadS ………………. 285 – Sunday-school Auto-bus ………………. 291 ing for Leadership ………………….. 203 – Where Sunday-school was Organized … 528 Southern Mountaineers and Cabin ……….. 199 Uruguay-Crandon Institute …………….. 295 – – Church and Recreation Building ……. 201 Wherry, Elwood M. .. …………………….. 143 Spain-Fliedner Mission, Madrid ………… 727 Whipple, Bishop …………………………. 546 – Colporteur at Work …………………. 726 Wilder, Robert P. .. …………………….. 141 – El Parvinir, Institution for Higher Edu- Wilson, Jesse R. .. ……………………… 135 Wong. Paul …………………………….. 111 cation ." ……………………………. 725 'World's Sunday School Convention Poster 463, 465 – Gypsy Caves ………………………….. 717 Y. M. C. A. Industrial Religious Basis …. 366 – Preaching place at Santa Amalio ……. 729 YUi, David ……………………………….. 959 – Tour de Constance …………………… 719 Zwemer, Dr., Looking into Afghanistan … 703 Speer, Robert E. . ………………………. 140 Stevenson, W. Fleming …………………. 4 AUTHORS Page Page Ellis. Wm. T. . …………………………… 689 Anderson, Howard E. .. ………………….. 269 Applegarth, Margaret T ………………….. 385 Emrich, Jeannette W …………………….. 967 Badley, Benton T. .. …………………….. 356 Fairfie,ld. Wynn C. .. ……………………… 835 Banfield, A. W. .. ……………………….. 799 Faris, John T …………………….545, 892, 992 Barton, James L. ………………………… 39 Fenn, Courtney Hughes ………………… 740 Beach, Harlan P. .. ………………….. .47, 134 Fleming, Elizabeth C. . ………………….. 313 Bishop, Mary Lathrop …………………… 149 Fraser, Melvin ………………………….. 787 Boulus, Wahby ………………………….. 644 Gale, James S. .. ………………………… 734 Geil, John E. …………………………….. 973 Bowers, Mrs. . ………………. '" ……….. 152 Geil, Mrs. W. E. ……………………….. 71 Brain, Belle M. …………………………. 21 Glover, Robert H. . ……………………… 347 Brown, Arthur Judson …………………. 113 Browning. Webster E ………………… 294, 881 Goodchild, Clara M. .. ………………….. 550 Burton, Henry …………. , …. , …………. 699 Griffis, William Elliott …………………. 27 Grose, Howard B. .. ……………………… 137 Butler, Clementina ………………………..1003 Hanum, Sabihe Zekaria …………………. 636 Cameron, W. A. . ………………………… 642 Higginbottom, Sam …………..2nd Cover, Aprll Carleton, Mary ………………………….. 837 Hinman, George Warren ……………….. 563 Carroll, H. K . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 Horne, H. H. .. …………………………. 746 Chester, S. H. . ………………………….. 182 Horstmann, J. H …………………………. 717 Christiansen, John ……………………….. 194 Hughes, W. A. C. .. ……………………… 228 Cobb, Margaret B. ………………………. £5 Hume, R. A. .. ………………………….. 275 Conning. John S. …………………………. 74 Inman, S. G'. .. …………………………… 740 Carey, Stephen J. . …………………… 375, 693 Ives, Mrs. Hilda L. …………………….. 488 Cornelison, J. M. .. ……………………… 713 Jabavu, Davidson D. T . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 428 Coy, Sallie E. .. …………………………. 3()15 Jacobs, Alton B. .. ……………………… 466 Culnan, Catherine ……………………….. 576 James, Arthur ………………………….. 195 CUrtis, Helen Pierson …………………… 710 Jordan, Mrs. Edward …………………… 481 Davis, George T. B. .. …………………. 109 King, Harriet R. .. …………… '" .. …. …. 624 Donohugh, Thomas S. .. …………………. 829 King. William R. .. ……………………… 538 Kraushaar, Wm. . …….. , ………………. 341 Duntze, Wilma …………………………… 990 DuPlessis, Johannes …………………….. 773

INDEX

Page Page PalhiII, Arthur T ………………………… 213 Lathrop. Charles N. .. …………………… 555 Price. Samuel D ………………………….. 463 Latourette,. Kenneth Scott ……….•…….. 129 Ram, Augustine Rollo ………………….. 431 Laws. Robert ………………….. : ……….. 949 Rawlinson, Frank ……………………….. 116 Lenz. Frank B……………………………. 957 Richter. JUlius …………………………… 62 Lew. Timothy Tingfang ………………….. 979 Rider. Mrs. Arthur W ……………………. 997 Lewis, Amy G. . …………………………. 311 Riggs. Charles T. . …………………….13. 625 Rindge. Fred Hamilton. . ……………….. 361 Linton. J. H. .. …………………………. 207 Roberts, Anna Agnew ……………………. 67 Lippard, Mrs. C. K. … .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. … 657 Rohold. S. B ……………………………… 983 Livennore. M. A. .. ………………………. 377 Roome, W. J. W. .. ……………………… 819 Lucas, J. J. .. ……………………….. 143. 261 Roots, Logan H. . ……………………….. 212 Lynch, Frederick …………….. , ……….. 907 Rowlands. W. F. . ……………………….. 101 Mackay. John A………………….. '…….. 435 Schaeffer, Charles E. .. …………………… 533 Mackay, R. P ……………………………. 23 Sears. Charles Hatch ……………….. 526, 893 Mackinnon, Albert G. . …………………… 645 Silverthorn, Mrs. E. H. . ……………… 63, 663 MacLeod. Roderick A. .. …………………. 869 Singh, Sadhu Sundar …………………… 367 Margetts. J. H. .. ……………………….. 648 Smith. Edwin W. .. ……………………… 793 Marquis. John A. . ………………………. 517 Smith, Herbert …………………………. 899 Marquis. William S. . ……………………. 479 Somerndike, J. M. .. …………………….. 198 McConaughy, David ……………………… 'r.Jl Speer. Robert E. …………….. 5. 187, 279. 421 McDowell. Wm. F ………………………. 283 Springer. John M. .. …………………. 451. 781 McKenzie. Jean Kenyon ……………….. 52 Staudt. Calvin K. .. ………………………. 988 Miller, Kenneth D. .. ……………………. 613 Stauffer, Milton T. .. ……………………. 438 Mills, Mrs. John H. .. ………………….. 577 Steffan, Vincent J. .. ……………………… 965 Montgomery. A. J. .. ……………………. 629 Stone, Mary B. ………………………….. 69 Montgomery, Helen Barrett ……………… 741 Stowell, Jay S. . ……………………….. 284 Mott. John R ……………………………… 963 Swain, Anna Canada …………………….. 219 MoyseI', Wm. . …………………………… 357 Taylor, N. W ……………………………. 370 Myers, Harry S. .. ……………………….. 204 Thompson, Charles A. . ………•……… 392. 619 Naylor, Wilson S. ……………………….. 53 Tucker, J. T. .. ………………………….. 815 Newcomer. Mary L. Tressler ………….. 394 Wannan, Lizzie M. …………………….. 68 Newman. Elias .. . .. . .. .. .. . .. .. . .. . .. .. . .. . … 471 White, Charles L. .. ……………………… 559 Nicholson. Evelyn Riley ……………….583, 837 Wilder, George A. . ………………………. 789 North, Eric M. ..:……………………….. 12 Wilkinson, Elizabeth …………………….. 807 Ogg, E. Jessie …………………………… 581 Wilson, Jesse R. ………………………… 885 Oyler. Mrs. D. S. .. ………………………. 460 Wilson. Warren H ……………………….. 571 Paden. Wm. M. . ………….. , ………….. 650 Wolf. John N. .. ………………………… 877 Pettengill, Mrs. Clara Alden . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 278 Young, Colin G…………………………… 637 Pierson. A. T …………………………….. 618 Zwemer, Samuel M. . …………………….. 701 Pierson, Delavan L., Editorials Pierson. Farrand B. .. …………………… 121 ARTICLES AND NEWS Page Page Abyssinia-Doors Opened in ……………… 490 Africa, Pray for ……………………….. 834 – Modern Paul in ……………………….. 843 – Work for Jews in ……………………… 240 – Second Generation Problems ………….. 241 Abyssinian Boy Preachers ……………….. 672 – Sierra Leone Slaves Freed …………… 166 – Welcome to MiSSionaries ……………… 1013 – Slavery in North ……………………… 330 Afghan Girl's School ……………………. 675 – Slessor, Mary. Hospital ………………. 492 – Women. Freedom for ………………… 9-34 – Soul Winners in Kamerun ……………. 404 Afghanistan. Modern Schools in ………… 88 – Spiritual Self-Support, J. T. Tucker …. 815 – Opening Wedge in …………………….1017 – Subdivided ……………………………. 844 Africa and the Kingdom of God ………. 834 – Tanganyika Mission Schools ………….. 331 – Baptist Congo Jubilee …………………. 757 – Training Teacher-Evangelists ………… 167 – Basutoland, Enlightenment in ………… 241 – Uganda Church Growth ……………….. 757 – Blind She,ikhs, School for …………..• 4()3 – – Zulu Home Makers ………………… 673 – Blood Covenant. Christian ……………. 757 – United Service in Khartoum ………… 843 – Books Recommended on ………………. 861 – Unpossessed Territory ………………… 845 – Bridgman Memorial Hospital ………….. 595 – Versatile Missionary in ………………. 167 – Cannibals. Work among Former ………. 240 – Villagers Won at Last …………………. 239 – Centenary Among Kafllra ………..•….. 845 – Waits, W. J. W. Roome ……………… 819 – Christian Endeavor in South ………… 932 – Colored Missionaries for …………….. 9.33 – Wealth in Central" John M. Springer '" 451 – Congo Bible Woman ………………….. 241 – Wireless from ………………………… 844 – Currie Institute ………………………. 330 – Witch Doctor, Confuting the …………… 491 – Facts About ……………………….. 832, 833 – Woman's "Bounding Heart" ………….. 405 – Fifty-three Years in, Robert L.aws ……. 949 – Women Work for Church …………….. 845 – Fifty Years Ago and Now. Wilson S. African Chief's Conversion …………….. 844 – Church Controls Budget ………………. 240 Naylor ……………………………… :;3 – Conference, South ……………………. 673 – EVangelist, Successful …………………. 404 – G'irl-Wives Kept in School ………….. 404 – Fears …………………………………. 595 – Girl's Guild ………………………….. 933 – "Harris Christian" ……………………. 804 – Giving Bible to, S. W. Banfield ………. 799 – Hindrances to Christianity, George S. – King's Son a Pastor……………….. … 84 – Leaders, Training ……………………… 166 Wilder ……………………………… 789 – Mentality, on the Edge of. Herbert Smith 899 – Missions Unite ……………………….. 84 – "House of Free Speech" …………….. 165 – Old People Converted …………………. 331 – Inter-Racial Councils …………………. 846 – Proverbs …………………………… .482 544 – – Student Contacts …………………… 405 – Raw R€cruits Listen ………………… : 781 – JunglB School of the Prophets ……….. 490 – View of Jerusalem Council. Davidson D. – Mahdists Ask to Hear of Jesus ……. 756 – "Many Tongues" ……………………… 593 T. Jabavu ………………………….. 428 – Medical Coo])eration In ……………….. 490 – Women in New Day. Elizabeth M. Wil- – Methodist Progress in …………………. 931 kinson ………………………………. 807 – Mission Schools Like Minarets ……….. 672 – Word for God, Melvin Fraser ………… 787 – Moslems in South ……………………… 167 Africans Plan Home Missions ………….. 594 – Native Rites an Obstacle …………….. 673 – Prayer for White Men …………………. 84 – – Leadership For. Jolln E, Geil ..•…… 97a – Soul. Exploring the, Edwin W. Smitll '" 793

Page Page Africans Worth Saving, John M. Springer .. 781 Brazil, Open Door in …•…. , ……….•…. 685 A'frica's Progress, Milestones in, Johannes – Student Volunteers in ………………… 236 – Walks Twenty Miles for a Sermon ….. 327 DuPlessis …………………………… 773 Brazilia'n Blind Bible Reader …………… 755 . Alaska-Forty Years at, Anvik ………….. 325 – Store, Sermon in ……………………… 81 – Women, Federation of ……………….. 236 – Lost in …………………………………1010 Bridgman Memorial Hospital, Africa ……. 595 – Missionary Heroism in, John T. Faris … 992 British Church Dispute …………………. 144 – Missionary Stores in …………………. 79 – and Foreign Bible SOCiety RJeports, 19,27 77 – Mushing Parson of, Farrand B. Pierson 12.1 ~ in India Mission ……………………… 88 – Romance and Reality in, A. J. Mont- – Methodist Union ……………………… 930 Budapest, World Problems in, Wilma Duntze 990 gomery ……………………………… 629 Buddhism, Russia to Try ……………….. 238 Buddhist Imitation of Christian Hymn ….. 376 All-Russian Evangelical Union ………….. 859 – Missions to Ex-Slaves in Burma ……. 89 America-Church Growth, H. K. Carroll .. 35 – Frontier Movement in, Charles Hatch – Temple in London …………………….. 402 – Unity ………………………………….. 601 Sears ……………………………….. 526 Bulgaria-Temperance Day in ………….. 505 ~ Is Christianity Making Headway in, John Bulgarian Girls, Patriotic ……………….. 670 Burma, Centennial in …………………… 496 A. Marquis …………………………. 517 Cairo University Success …………………. 1013 Calendar and Church ……………………. 764 – Orientals in, George Warren Hinman … 563 – New …………………………………… 941 American-Born Japanese Problems …….. 588 Canada as a Mission Field, Calvin G. young 637 – European Fellowship …………………. 670 – Christianity or Bolshevism ……….. ,. 928 – Immigrants, Facts on …………………. 379 …….. Home Missions of Presbyterian Church, American Indian Chief's Appeal ………….. 502 W. A. Cameron ……………………. 642 – Crooked Neck Charlie, Harriet R. King 624 Canadian Church, Women in the ………. 326 – On the Nickel ………………………… 79 – Home Missions ……………………….. 753 – "One Star" Follows J'esus ………….. 753 Carey's Influence Continues, Alton B. Jacobs 466 – Progress and Needs …………………… 25,2 Ceylon-Jail Preaching in ………………. 3~9 – School in Arizona ……………………. 162 Charities, Federation of Protestants …… 856 – Schools, Religious Work for …………. 841 Charity Fed",ration Protestant ………….. 78 – Speaks, Catherine Culnan ……………. 576 Children's Rally, Suggestions for ………. 153 – Youth, Problems of …………………… 683 Chile-Christian Education in ………….. 236 – Gift ………………………2nd Cover, Feb. – New Attitude in ……………………… 504 – In Oklahoma, Hold Meeting ………….. 79 – Protestant Teachers in ……………… 327 – Testimony .. , ………………………….. 570 Chilean Sunday Schools …………………. 754 – Unchristianized ……………………….. 857 China and Missionaries, New, C. H. Fenn 736 – Baptisms Among Lahu ……………….. 678 – Yesterday and Today, J. M. Cornelison 713 – Bible House in Peking ……………….. 319 American Mission to Lepers …………….. 400 – Bibles on Bookshelves ………………… 937 – Tract Society ………………………… 587 – Boxer Times, Comparison with ………. 157 – University at Cairo …………………… 491 – Call for Patience with, Logan H. Roots 212 – Wealth ……………………………….. 379 – Chang, Speech by …………………….. 320 Americas, Sinking the, Charles A. Thomson 619 – Child Labor in Tientsin ………………. 937 Arab Boys, Christ Influences ., …………… 760 – Christian Endeavor in ………………. 32(} Arabia D. V. B. S. in …………………… 493 – Evangelistic Work in …………………. 760 – Christians in Hunan Loyal …………… 850 – Gospels in ……………………. , …….. 934 – Church of Christ in …………………… 89 – Letter from King Hussain …………… 692, – CC}operation Fellowship in ……………. 116 Argentina, Luther's Day in …………….. 236 – E<cIucation, Higher …………………… 850 – Problem ………………………………..1011 – E'nomies Friends in Disguise ………… 677 Argentine River Mission …………………. 591 Armenian "N. E. R. Graduates" ……….. 3B2 – Ieactory Girls, Work for Chefoo ……….. 90 Armenians in France ……………………..1012 – Famine in Korth ………………….. Hi8, 400 Areas Unclaimed for Christ, Robert E. Speer – }<'eng, Case of Marshal ………………. 383 – Foes in Annam ……………………….. 600 ., …………………………………. 187, 279 – Harvard-Yenching Institute ………….. 937 – Koo, T. Z., Lette,r from ……………….. 157 Asia Unevangelized, Central ……………. 321 – Ku Carries On, Archdeacon, Arthur T. Atheistic Propaganda …………………… 475 Attacking the Church, Forces, C. E. Schaeffer 533 Polhill ……………………………… 213 Austrian Martyr …………………………. 403 – Leadership, Developing Lay ………….• 678 Australia-Medical Service by Aeroplane '" 323 – Liberty, Demand for Religious ……… 762 Australian Methodist Mission …………… 1()22 ' – Lollal Christians in Hunan ………….. 8150 – Lutheran Church in …………………… 679 Babylon, A Visit to, S. B. Rohold ………. 983 – – Returning Welcomed ……………. 246, 599 Baghdad, Preaching in, Calvin K. Staudt … 988 – Moslems, Friends ()of …………………… 938 Baldwin, Stanley, on the Bible ………….. 806 – Kanking Agreement …………………… 382 Beecher, Henry Ward, on Missions ……… 10 – – Professors Invited Back …………… 157 Beirut University Graduates …………….. 847 – Ning,po Christian Women Loyal ……… 320 Belgian Gospel Mission in Ghent ………… 164 – Presbyterian Missions' Status ………… 410 Belgium. "Petrified Souls" in ……………. 504 – Reconstructing, Editorial ………………. 995 – Schoolboys in Canton ……………….. 600 Bible, Baldwin, Stanley, on the ………… Soo – Signs of Spiritual Revival, George T. B. – Conquers Foes in BOlivia ……………… 163 Davis ……………………………….. 109 – For Filipinos ………………………….. 853 – in Bible Lands ……………………….. 933 – Street Preaching in Chefoo …………… 158 – Jubilee in Brazil ……………………… 300 – Women Theological Students ………… 497 – Lands Sunday Schools ……………….. 758 – Yale-in-China to Reopen ……………… 763 – Lovers, Non-Christian …………………. 168 – Yunnanese Ask for Teaching ………… 247 – Opened Door ………………………….. 235 Chinese Away from Home ………………. 851 – Reading in Public Schools …………… 324 – Christian in Burma …………………… 761 – Society's Output …………………….. ..W23 – – General ……………………………… 1019 – Teaching in the Sudan ………………. 491 – – Slogans ……………………………… 246 – Translation and CirCUlation, Fifty Years – – Woman's Testimony ……………….. 409 – Christians. Loyalty of …………..112, 351, 656 " of, Eric M. North …………………… 12 – Church Autonomy ………………… 408, 677 Bible's for Aviators ……………………… 587 – – Government …………………………. 497 – – Oriental Travelers …………………. 680 – – Women in ………………………….. 247 – in Bible Lands, Selling ………………. 168 – – Korean Hotels ……………………… 250 – – Carry On, Can the, W. F Rorwlands … 101 Blind in Hungary ….. ; ………………….. 505 – Church's Opportunity …………………. 76& Bolivia-Bible Conquers Foes in ………. 163 Bolshevism or Christianity? …………….. 928 Brazil-"Best SelJer" ……………………. 503 – Conference Center for …………………. 81 – Convert, Woman ……………………… 929 – Good Friday in ……………………….. 4D1 – Gospel Tide in ………………….. ; ….. 163

INDEX

Page Page Chinese Communist Literary "Tricks" …… 91 Deaths-Griffis, Wm. Elliot ….3d Cover, Marcb – l!lyes, Looking Through, Timothy Ting- – Hartzell, Joseph C. •…………………… 771 – Haven, Wm. 1. ……………………….. 515 fang Lew ……………………………. 979 – Hayes, James •………………………… 515 – Famine Relief …………………….. : …. 851 – Hendrix, E. R ……………….3d Cover, Jan. – Girl's Message to America, Mary Carleton 837 – Hobart, Mrs. Wm. T ….•..•………….•.. 515 – in Korea, Thousands of ………………. 160 – Hurst, Mrs. Richard ………………….. 338 – Methodist Convention …………………. 90 – Moslems Won ………………………… 600 – .Janvier, C. A. R., of India …………….1024 – Preacher's Testimony …………………. 247 – Klein, Fred C……………3d Cover January – "Reading Public" ……………………… 320 – Kriel, Abrabam P ………………….•… 941 – Student Honesty ………………………. 90 – Liley, Arthur V……………………….. 691 – – Viewpoint ………………………… 409,599 – McDowell, Mrs. Margaret Dean 3d Cover Jan. – Testaments, Distributing ……………… 678 – Moffat, Jane …..•……… , .•………….. 171 – Universities, New ……………………… 763 – Motoda, Joseph S……………………… 417 – Worship ……………………………….. 321 – Mukerjec, Mrs. H. L ……… 3d Cover, March – Patterson, .J. M., of St. Louis …………. 1024 – Women in America ……………………. 857 – Pierson, Farrand B. . …•…•…•…….•.. 417 – – Loyalty ………….. , ……………….. 677 – Richards, Edwin Hart ……..3d Cover, April Christ the Sin-Bearer, Arthur T. Pierson … 618 – Richards, Joseph Addison ……….••….. 771 – Was a Missionary. … …… … …………. 1 – Scudder, Mrs. Wm. W. . ………………. 338 Christian Endeavor Conventions …….•…•. 501 – Seymour, Walter F. . …………………. 417 – Sheppard, Wm. H. . ……………………. 171 – – in China ……………………………. 320 – Stock, Eugene …………………………. 741 – – – South Africa …………………….. 932 – Stone, Ellen M………….3d Cover, January Christian Endeavorers' Communion Service. 83 – Talbot, Ethelbert ………….3d Cover, April Christian Message to All Men ……………. 443 – Thomas, Frank, of Switzerland ……….. 1024 Church and Calendar ……………………. 764 – Tillotson, Emily C. . …………………… 515 – Architecture …………………………… 394 – Trotter, 1. Lilias ………….••………… 941 – Competition or Cooperation ……………. 216 – White, Mrs. Charles ………………..•… 691 – in the World, William F. McDowell …..• 283 – Wilson, Luther B. . ……………………. 515 – Membe,rship Gains …………………….. 682 Denominational Missions, a Union Fifty – Missionary Society Report …………….. 591 Churches, Half Century of Growth in Mis- Years Ago …………………………… 38 Divorce, Growth in ………………………. 380 sion, Arthur Judson Brown ………… 113 Dolls to America, Japan Sends ………….. 91 City Trend, Present-Day, Charles Hatch Drug Evil .. . .. . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. . . . . . . . .. 380 Eastern Church Progress ………………… 846 Sears …… : ………………………… , 893 Ecuador Bans Only Priests ……………… 327 Colombia, Bible Opened Door ……………. 235 – Religious Law in ……………………… 81 – Church Progress in …………………… 685 Education, Expert Missionary ……………. 501 – Evangelist in ………………………….1011 – Training Leaders for ………………….. 81 – – Fifty Y6'ars Ago and Today, Mission- Comparisons of Then and Now, Robert E. ary, Harlan P. Beach ……………… 47 Speier …………………………•… 5 – Home Missionary, E. Jessie Ogg ……… 581 "Completing the lteformatlon" …………•.. 682 – in Turkey, Western …………………… 85 Conference, Jerusalem …………………… 77 – Today, Missionary …………………•…. 743 Egypt, American University at Cairo ..•… 491 – of New Missionaries ………………….. 682 – America's Greatest Contribution to Wahby – on Cause and Cure of War, Third Amy Boulus ……………………………… 614 G. Lewis …………………….. : ……. 311 – Cairo University Students …………….. 166 – – MisSions, Congo …………………….. 932 – Colportage by Automobile ……………… 329 – Pan-Pacific Women's ………………….. 854 – Schools in Modern ………………..•…. 239 Congo Christ!an Institute ………………… 933 – Sunday-Scbool Methods ……………….. 594 – Christians, Faithful …………………… 491 – Unreacbed Territory in ………..•…•…. 239 – Conference on Missions ……………….. 932 – Y. M. C. A. Success in ……..•…•……. 672 – University for the …………………….. 933 Egyptian Convert's Trials ……………….. 329 Congoland, Medical Training in …………. 595 – Moslems, EvangeliZing ……………..•… 83 England, Livingstone House in London …. 504 Coope:rion'l ip Home ,Missions, Rising Tide – "Mayflower" Voyage, Modern •••………. 402 • WI ham R. Kmg ………………..• 538 English Government and Missions ………. 84 Eskimo Community, Christian ………….. 589 – MiSsionary, Growth of, James L. Barton.. 39 Esthonia, Preaching in Prisons ………….. 402 – or Competiti(>u, Church ……………….. 216 Europe, American Methodists in ………… 164 Cooperatire F'eliowship in China, Frank – H'ebrew Christians in …………………. 82 – Religious Condition …………………… 859 Raw mson ………………………….. 116 Evangelical Social Congress ……………… 930 Costa Rica-Cannot Keep a Bible ………… 235 Evangelism, Value of Outdoor, John N. – – Gambling at Cburcb Feasts ………… 591 Costa Rican Carpenter ………………….. 80 Wolf ………………………………… 877 Council of Women for Home MiSSions, An- • Evangelist and His Work, Jean K. McKenzie 52 nual Meeting ……………………….. 314 Farmers of World ……………………….. 171 Creed, Missionary ……………………….. 133 Federation of Women's Boards of Foreign Crooked Neck Charlie, Harriet R. King ….. 624 Cross~oads lChurch at the Crossroads, Jay S. Missions Annual Meeting …………73,231 Feng, Apostasy of Marshal •………….. 246, 383 towel ……………………………… 284 Feng Yu Hsiang of China …………………1()19 Cuban Children in Florida ……………… 325 Fifty Years Ago, Denominational Missions, gurr~e lnstit.ute, Record of ……………… 330 a Union …………………………….. 38 zec as ovak,a, Students …………………. 83 Cz~choslovakian Protestants …………….. 328 Fiji, Educational Center in ……………… 323 Duly Va.cation Bible School in Arabia …… 493 – Islands-Wanted: A Word of Faitb ….. 412 – – SyrIa and Palestine ………………… 86 Filipino Children, Faith of ………………. 160 Damascus, OPposition in ………………… 383 – Christian Literature ……………….•… 752 Day of Prayer, Chicago …………………. 399 – Church, Future ……………………….. 323 Death, Cause of ………………………….. 380 – Lepers Generous ………………………. 752 DeathS-Baker, Cbarles H. ………………. 171 – Progress, Signs of …………………….. 412 – Beebe, Robert Case ……………………. 338 – Students, Advice to …………………… 250 – Calvert, John B., ………… 3d Cover March – – Need of …………………………….. 681 – Cooper, Mrs. Alvin W ……3d Cover, January – Sunday-School Teachers Trained ………. ~2 – Crat.ty, Mabel ……… 3d Cover, April and 395 Tribe, Reaching a. New ………………….. 500 – DaVIson, John C., of Japan ……………1024 – Youth Movement ……………………….. 93 – Drummond, Mrs. Wm. J. . …………….. 515 Filipinos, Bible for ………..•…….•…….. 853 – Fife, Elmer El. ……………………….. 515 – in United States ………………………. 162 – Ford, George A. . ………………………. 515 – Offering, Two ………………………….. 681 – Gairdner, W. H. T …………………….. 515 – Gammon, Samuel R., of Brazil ………. 1024 – Gilbert, Florence Anderson ……………. 771 – Gilder, Mrs. Louise B. . ……………….. 015

. hp Page Forces Attacking the Church, Charles E. India Christian Forces in Bengal ……….. 848 , Schaeffer ……………………………. 533 – Church, New ………………………….. 847 Foreign Missions Examined ……………… 147 – C(}lJege Graduates Influential …………. 318 France, Evangelical Work in ……………. 328 – Conscience Clause in …………………. 494 – Jews in Paris, Preaching to ………….. 756 – Converts, Strengthening ……………….. 597 – Paris Mission …………………………. 5W – Educated Wife Demanded ……………… 936 French Churches in Need ……………….. 755 – Fifty Years of Missions in, J. J. Lucas .. 261 – Testament, Nsw ……………………….. 82 – Gandhi's Views on "Mother India" ….. , 87 Friendship Dolls in Japan ………………. 939 – Gospel Story Charms Brahmins ………. 761 – "School Bag" Plan …………………… 503 – Gospels in Kedgaon, Selling ………….. 848 Friendships for National Defense, Build …. 667 – HinduislID, Conversions to ……………… 935 Gandhi and Indian Women ……………….1017 – Hold-Up to Demand GoSP€l .. ………….. 87 Gandhi, Mahatma, Visit to, Sam Higgin- – Honesty of Outcaste Christian ………… 494 bottom …………………..2d Cover, April – How We Train 30,000 Converts, M. A.

German Bibles Forbidden in Tyrol ……… 237 Livermore …………………………. – 377 – Church Life Today ……………………. 592 – Islam Militant in ……………………… 598 – Mission Growth ………………………. 328 – .T(}nes, Stanley, in Malaya ……………. 170 – – ProgTess ……………………………..1012 – Languages of ………………………….. 1018 – Protestant Missions in 1877 and 1927, – Layman's Work in ……………………. 598 Julius Richter ……………………… 62 – Loud Speaker Used ……………………. 598 – Schools, Christianity in ……………….. 931 – Lutheran Unity ……………………….. 761 – Sunday-Schools ……………… ……….. 82 – MappiJIas of Malabar, Samuel M. Zwemer 701 Germany, Christianity in Schools ……….. 931 – Moslems Read Bible ………………….. 244 – Evangelical Alliance in ……………….. 165 – "M(}vies" in …………………………… 935 Gifts from Mission Church ………………. 588 – "Near Slavery" ……………………….. 675 – to Missions, Increased …………………. 587 – Outcaste Though Educated ……………. 317 – – Others, Children's ………………….. 683 – Over 1,000 Chamars Baptized ………….. 317 Giving-Argument With Myself ………….. 691 – Pilgrims, Work Among Benares ………. 848 – Spurgeon, C. H., on ………. 2d Cover, June – Prohibition League ……………………. 495 G'ood Samaritan in the Missionary SOCiety, – Religion in Bombay University ………. 935 Parable of the ……………………… 912 – Rudder of Asia, Benton T. Badley …….. 355 Goodwill Congress, International ………… 927 – Scholar's Tribute to Jesus ……………. 244 Greece, Athens' College Growth ………….. 238 – Unite to' Win Benares Pilgrims ……….. 676 – Glimpses of Modern, Charles T. Riggs .. 6?5 – "Victory to Jesus Christ" ……………. 847 – Protestant Church in …………………. 402 – "Village of the New Day" ……………. 407 – Y. M. C. A. in ……………………….. 165 – Voices from Olivet Calling, Augustine Greek Church, New Movement in ……….. 593 Rolla Ram . . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. … 431 Gnatemala, Christian Homes in ………….. 503 – Wanless Sanatarium ………………….. 407 Guatemalan Preacher's Peril ……………… 685 – Wherry, E. M., J. J. Lucas ……………. 143 – Youth, Training ………………………. 858 – Woman Leads in T'emple Reform …….. 244 Haitian Isle, King of a …………………… 1010 – Women's Conference in Lahore ………. 675 Hartzell Hospital, Kru Coast ……………..1014 – 'Vorkers Confer, District ……………… 761 Harvard, Yenching Institute …………….. 937 – 'Vorld's Student Christian Federation Hawaii, Y. W. C. A. Service in Honolulu …. 681 Conference ………………………….. 936 Hawaiian EVangelical Association Centennial 940 Indian Boys' Self-Government …………… 245 Hebrew Christian Alliance ………………..1009 – Christian Patriotism ………………….. 317 Hindu Association in New York ………….. 753 – Mass Movement, South ……………….. 676 – Exalts Christian Ideals ……………….. 49!i – Missions, Results of ……………………1008 – Festival, at the Holiest, Howard E. An- – Moslems, Bibles for South ……………. 245 derson ………………………………. 269 – "Musical Sermon" ……………………. 170 Hinduism. Conversions to ……………….. 935 – Outcastes and tbe Church ……………… 1018 – Fifty Years Hence …………………….. 87 – Pastor's Problems …………………….. 598 History-Forty-Eight Years Ago, Mary L. – Village Transformed ……………….. 169, 4m Tressler Newcomer …………………. 394 – Women in Conference ……………….. 494 History in the Making, Missionary ……… . Indians and the Gospel ……………………1009 "Hob~~~:;'''H~t~i' f~'~':::::::: :~~'..~~~,..~:5,.. ~~:'. 7~ India's Debt to Missionaries ……………… 317 Home Mission Meeting, Interdenominational 927 Indo-Chines" Village …………………….. 248 – – Problems Unsolved, Charleq L. White.. 559 Industrial Training in Papua ……………. 324 – – Task, Unfinished, Warren H. Wilson .. 571 – Workers and the Y. M. C. A., Fred – Misoions. Africans Plan ………………. 094 Hamilton Rindge …………………… 361 – – Best Books on ………………………. 603 International Christian Endeavor Convention 501 – – Conference ………………………….. 218 – Missionary Council at Jerusalem ………

– – Council in Tennessee ………………. 400 . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. … . … . … .. … June Review International Mis~ionarv Council on Mount – – Councils, New ………………………. 854 – – in America ………………………… July of Olives, Robert E. Speer ………….. 491 – Relations ………………………………. 667 – – Moving Pictures of, John T. Faris …. 545 Iraa.-Boys' Brotherhood, Baghdad ………. 330. – – Present-Day Challenge ……………… 525 – – Real Task of ………………………. 585 – Christian Books in ……………………. 493 – – Some Outstanding Results ………….. 524 – Corporteur's Work in …………………. 243 – r,riendly Villa)!;e~s }n………………….. 406 J-Tudson, Ellis H. .. ………………………. 492 Hune-ary, Blind in ………………………. 5il5 – Many AdversarIes Ill ……………….. 597 – "Church Concord" In …………………. 671 – J'ew Station in ……………………….. 86 Hymn, Missionary, Henry Burton ……….. 699 Ireland, Reformation in …………………. 237 Immigrant-Asset or Liability, Clara M. Is Your Name Written There? Evelyn Riley m Goodchild …………………………… 550 N~~= ……………………………

India-Banks in Punjab. Methodist ………. 936 Islam and Mustapha Kemal …………….. 167 – in Inaia Militant ……………………… 59~ – Barriers in, Bannu Giving Way ………. 245 – Boy Starts a Church in Assam ………. 495 – To Modernize …………………………..10I6 – Boys in Bombay Hostel ……………….. 496 Tt"'ian ('atholies, Bible Reading for ……… 1012 – Brahmin Aids Gospel Meeting ………… 169 Italy, Evan"elical Christianity in Albert – – Christian's Witneos ………………. , .. 31~ G. Mackinnon …………….. .'………. 645 – Hritich Mission in ………………….. 88, 1017 Japan-Book, Value of a One-Sen ………… 679 – By-Products of Christianity ………….. 494 – Christian Wedding Enough ……………. 320.

– Carey's Influenc" Continues, Alton B. – Christians in Government SchOOls …….• 6Il1 Jacobs ………………………………. 466 – Cross in Kagashima …………………… 700 – Caste in Present-Day …………………. 760 – Doshisha R€lVival ……………………… 249 – Child Mothers ………………………… 67!i – Dry Mikado …………………………… 938 – Chinese Christian in Burma ………….. 761 – Fears, America That ………………….. 248

INDEX

Page Page Japan., Forty Years, Looking Back Over, Mrs. Korea., Underwood, H. 0'., Statue of 751 . Frederick S. Curtis ………………… 710 – Friendship Dolls in …………………… 939 – Yi Sang-Jai of, James S. Gale ……… 734 – G·ospel in Print ……………………….. 750 – Joseph's Message for …………………. 750 Korean Audience, Unusual ………………. 751 – Kanamori's Campaign ………………… 91 – Kobe College Symphony ………………. 751 – Christian Villagers …………………… 411 – New Union Seminary in ……………… 158 – Newsp,;per H~nors. Missionaries ………. 2~8 – "Church Rice Bags" ………………….. 680 – Nurses TraInIng In ………………….. 3.:2 — "One Million Souls" Movement ……….. 939 – Churches on Border …………………. 250 – One-Sheep Association ………………… 346 – Policies in, New ……………………….. 381 – Colporteurs, Methods of ……………….. 159 – Press, Power of ……………………….. 939 – Prohibition Gains in …………………. 499 – Evangelistic Campaign ………………… 602 – Sends Dolls to America ………………. 91 – Service, Types of …………….'. …….. 410 – Fasting Societies ……………………. 680 – Social Interest ……………………….. 852 – Spiritual Hunger in …………………… 321 – Gives Store …………………………… 602 – Superstition in ………………………… 92 – Hotels, Bibles in ……………………… 250 – Then and Now, View of Wm. Elliott Griffis 27 – Wanted to Hear About Jesus ………….. 85i – Leaders in Train ing ………………….. 322 – Y. W. C. A. Building in Tokyo ………… 249 Japanese Americanization ……………….. 49'8 – Leper Doubly Cleansed ………………… 680 – Barber Shop, In a ……………………. 6,9 – Business Girls, Training …………….. 92 – :-.ien's Bible Class …………………….. 500 – Christian, "Steady" ……………………. 411 – Church, Successful, Stephen J. Carey … 375 – Revival …………………………………1020 – Colleges, Prohibition in ……………….. 1:>8 – Converted After Years ……………….. 159 Koreans Hefuse Inererase of Pay …………. 93 – Leper Hospitals ………………………. 853 Ku Carrie's On, Archdeacon, Arthur T. Polhill 213 – Ministers, Training …………………… 92 Kusaie. Reinforcements for …………….. 2riO – Papers, Morals in …………….. '" …. 498 – Pastor's Schedule …………………….. 498 La.tin America in World Program ………… 754 – Prayer, Test of ……………………….. 4'it – Problems, American-Born …………….. 588 – – Lack Houses, Not Hearers ………… 234 – Sunday-school Delegates ………………. 600 – Widow's Gift ………. , ………………. 601 – – Meaning to, John A. Mackay ……… 435 – Women in Politics …………………… 6,9 Japan's New World Outlook ……………. 248 – – Notable Conquests, Webstor E. Brown- Java, Ahmadiya Missions in …………… 762 ing ………………………………….. 294 Jerusalem, Christians of Many Nations at, – – Orientals in ………………………… 80 Robert E. Speer ……………………. 421 – Conference, Mrs. E. H. Silverthorn ….. 6fj3 – – Spanish Evangelical Books ………… 589 – – Returning from, Mrs. Evelyn Riley – Lands, Protestantism in, Kenneth D. Nicholson …………………………. " 583 – Conferring at ………………………….. 301 Miller ………………………………. 613 – Council Meeting ""uggets ………….. 436, 470 Latvia-Interracial Y. W. C. A. in ………. 671 – – Significance of …………………….. 473 Lausanne Conference, Follow Up ……….. 507 – From a Delegate's ""ote Book, :-.iilton T. Stauffer ………………………….. 438 Law Enforcen1ent, A'merica's E-xample in, Mrs. W. E. Geil …………………….. 71 – Y. M. C. A …………………………….. 1016 Jewish Christians in Europe …………….. 82 Laws, Robe,rt, Leaves Livingstonia …….. 458 – Organization, Palestine …… , … '" …… 596 – Words for Jews, ………………………. . Laymen and Evangelism ………………… 148 Jews and the New Testament ………….. 399 Leadership, Essentials of, H. H. Harne …. 746 .- And Jesus ………………………………1023 – Babylon and Its, S. B. Rohold ………… 979 Leper Boy's "Jewel Inside" ……………… 602 – Christ-Believing ………………………. 5!'8 – Church and the ……………………… 302 – Conference in New York ………………. 927 – Gospel for Boston …………………… 501 – in Abyssinia, Work for ………………. 24n – Doubly Cleansed ………………………. 680 – – Cairo, Preaching to ……………….. 'j~6 – HOEPitals, Japanese …………………… 853 – – Damascus ……………………………. 1016 – Our Attitude Toward, John S. Conning.. 74 Lepers, American Mission to ……………. 400 Judaism, Broadcasting ……………………. 1008 Jones, Stanley, in Malaya ………………. 170 – Generous, Flilipino ….. , .. '" ., ……….. 75-2 – – – South America, We,bster E. Drowning 881 – With Shining Faces …………………. 409 Juniors, Methods For, Mrs. Arthur. W Rider 997 Kagawa, Toyohiko ………………………. 747 Liberian Christians in Office …………… 595 Karnerun-Soul Winners in ………………. 4{l4 – Hinterland …………………………….. 330 Kanarnori's Campaign …………………… 91 Lighthcuse KeeperR, Dooks for ………….. 592 Kawai, Michi, of Japan …………………. 249 Kemal, Mustapha, and Islam ………… 16, Literature for Children …………………… 1003 Knowing God and Knowing Self, Sadhu Sun- Literature, Persian ChriPtian …………… 847 dar Singh ………………………….. 367 Livingstone HouHe in London …………… 004 Korea, Awakening in …………………… 381 – Memorial in Scotland …. .. ……….. 327 – Band Draws Crowd …………………… 322 – Chinese in ……………………………..1021 Livingstone's Life, Scenes from ……….. , 755 – Christian Literature in ………………… 323 – Evangelizing Chinese in ………………. 499 London Missionary Society, Not to Curtail – Leaders in Rural Life …………………. 411 – "Long Thankful Years" in …………… 9~ Work ….. .. …………. 164 – Medical Missions ……………………… 853 – Methodist Union in …………………… 499 Looking Toward the Future, Kenneth Scott – Pioneer's Son Sees Results ………….. 159 – Street Preaching in Syenchun ………… 751 Latourette ……….. 1'9 – Temperance Lecture Wins Prize ………. 852 – Thousands of Chinese in …………….. 160 Loope, Frank Roy, David McConaughy ….. 731 Lord's Prayer in Kopapiago ……………. 462 Luxu rics, Cost of ……………. 37~ ~Iacedonia-WeHare Work ………… 593 Malave ian Pastor's Institute … 319 Manc'bu Ribles Wanted 409 Manila, Vacation Bible School ……………. 1022 Mapillas of Malebar. Samuel M. Zwcmer 701 I<Mayfto,ver" Voyag'e, :Modern ……….. 402 Mecra Road. Tp.,lfDhones on 168 Medical Cooperation in Africa … ….. … 490 – Mif1:o:ionary J>. ~so' iation …. ….. … 591 – Mis:-,·ions in Kor(:-'a 853 – Needs of the World …… , …. 506 – Service by Aercplane …….. '" ~":i Membership Gains. Church …… , …. 682 lfessages from Other L,ands 395 :-.iethodist Home Rule Abroad ……….. ,,88 – Jubilee, Southern ~?5 – Liverpool Conference …. " …1011 – Progress in P frica . . " ……. 9~n – Protestant Consolidation …. 'j.~~ lI~thodists in Europe, American ……… , .. 164 Methods, Africa, How to Study, Thomas S. Donohugh …………………………… 829 – Announcements Extraordinary …………. 916 – Children's Missionary Rallies-Why and How? Mrs. John H. Mill ………….. 577 – Delegates, Intelligent …………………. 913 – Education in the Local Church, Mission- ary, Mrs. E. H. Silverthorn ………. 63 – in Local Church, Missionary, Mrs. Bowers 152 – for Children, Missionary, Margaret. T.

Applegarth ………………………….. 385 – – G·irls, Young, Old and Older, Anna Canada Swain ……………………… 219

103'1

Page Page Methods, "From One Board to Another" …. 912> N ear East Relief Boys Good Workers 59& -, GirJs, Missionaries, Prayer ……………. 913 – – Tribute to Missionaries in ………….. 169 – Keeping in Touch with the, Acts of Modern Apostles, Wm. S. Marquis ………….. 479 Negro Lynchings Hinde'r Missions ……….. 2>52 – Library in Our Missionary Work, Public Negroes, Atlanta Churches Defend ……… 252 Sallie E. Coy ……………………….. 305 :-.lew Britain, Apostle of Christ in, J. H. – Poster Publicity ………………………. 914 Margetts ……………………………. 648 – Program Vnique, Mrs. Edward Jordan …. 481 New Guinea, Home Missions in ………… 500 – Schools of Missions in Philadelphia, – – Industrial Training in Papua ……… 324 Training Leaders for. Anna Agnew Roberts …………………………….. 67 – – Reorganization of ………. , ……. , … 93 – – – – Pasadena City, Wide, Margaret B. – – Savages for Christ, Wm. Kraushaar … 341 Cohb ………………………………… 65 New Hehrides-Maoris Prize Bibles ……… 50~ – Setting Young Women to Work, Mrs. C. – – Need Help ………………………….. 940 K. Lippard ………………………… 6.57 New York City-Evangelism in ………….. 399 – Story Contest, Missionary ……………… 913 New Zealand Volunteers …………………. 853 – What I Have Learned Ahout, Helen Bar- rett Montgomery ……………………. 741 Nicaragua, Education in …………………. 590 – When World Comes to Your City or Nile Mission Press …………………… 757, 843 Church, Mary L. Bishop …………….. 149 Observations on a World Tour, Stephen J. Mexican Friendship Project …………….. 858 Corey ……………………………….. 693 – Catholics ………………………………. 110 – Kindergarten ………………………….. 3,6 Orientals in America, George Warren Hin- – Pastor, Veteran ………………………. 684 man '" ……………………………… 563 – Soldiers, Reaching ……………………. 754 – – Latin-America ……………………… 80 – Students. Hostile for ………………… 500 Mexicans Building Churches ……………. 162 Outdoor Evangelism, Value of, John N. Wolf 877 – in the Southwest, Among the ……….. 623 Palestine Jewish Organization …………. 596 Mexico City, Missions in ………………. 234 – Motive, Zionism Lacks ………………. 243 – Crisis, Present, S. G. Inman ………….. 740 – Religious Freedom in ……………… 331, 674 – Evangelical Forces in ……… '" ……. 9'28 – "Frh,ndship Bags" for ……………….. 80 – Seeking Jesus in Tiberias ……………. 406 – "Friendship School Bag" Plan ……… 503 Palestinian Moslem Converts ……………. 331 – Friendship School Bags for ………….. 580 Pan-Pacific Women's Conference ………… 854 – in 1927, Struggle in, S, H. Chester ……. 182 – Methodism in ………………………… 234 Papua, (New Guinea) Industrial Training in 324 – ReligiOUS Freedom in, N. W. Taylor ….. 370 Paraguay, Building Schools in ………….. 4~2 – Results of Success Fifty Years Ago ……. 186 – Seminar on ……………………………. 590 – Colegio Internacional, Asuncion ………. 929 – Teaching Yucatan Indians ……………. 327 – School, Notable ……………………….. 929 Mission of the Church, What Is, Robert H. Glover ………………………………. 347 Peace, Missions and World, Frederick Lynch 007 Missionaries' Children Succeed ………… 506 – Ten Years After, Editorial …………….. 994 – Conference of New ……………………. 682 – The Churcbes and World, Jeannette W. – Those ………………………………….. 689 Missionary Appeal-Fifty Years Aga …….. 61 Emrich …………………………… 967 – Call and Response, John T. Faris ……. 892 Peking Union Medical College ………….. 937 – History Test, Recent, Belle M. Brain .,. 21 Persia and Mission Schools ………………. 911 – Leaders of Fifty Years Ai<0, R. P. Mackay 23 – Paralyzed Home, David McConaughy ….. 731 – Christian Women in …………………… 1017 – Review Jubilee and Annual Meeting ." 214 – More Christian than Moslem ………… 4(ffi – Texts from Old Testament ………….. 482 – Training- Sehools …………………….. 398 – "People of the Truth" ……………….. 86 Missionary's Motives Today, R. A. Hume .. , 270 – Unity and Cooperation in, J. H. Linton 2D7 Missions and World Peace, Frederick Lynch 907 Persian Cbildren, Spee,ch of …………… 596 – Have Accomplished, Some Things Chris- – Christian Leaders ……………………… 86 tian ………….. " …………………… 128 Money and Motives Fifty Years Ago, Harry – – Literature ………. '" ………………. 847 – Guests, MiSSionary's …………………. 243 S. Myers …………………………… 204 "Monoplane Testament" …………………. 507 – Law Hurts MiSSions, New …………… 332 Mormonism and the Government ., ……… 400 – Schools Reopen ……………………….. 674 – Near New york ……………………….. 161 – 'Woman, Remarkable, ………………….. 493 – Nine Facts About …………………….. 683 Personal-Alvarez,. Carmen Parlin ………. 867 – Today ………………………………….. 1009 – Vitality of, Wm. M. Paden ………… 650 – Avison, O. R. ……………….3d Cover, May Mormons in Canada, Work for ………….. 588 – Brown, George William ………………. 513 Morocco-Religious Libe·rty in ………….. 404 Moslem and Atheist ……………………… 847 – Ding, lng-Ong, Archdeacon …………… 171 – Association, Young Men's ……………. 934 – Gale, James S. . …………………….. 179 – Converts in Palestine . " '" ., ……. , ' .. , 331 – Glover, Robert H ………………………. 171 – Cost of Baptisms ……………………….1018 – Goheen, Robert H. .. ………………….. 867 – – – Syria …………………………….. 759 – GriSWOld, H. D. . ……………………… 179 – Practice Forbidden, Cruel .. , …….. '. .. 88 – G'unn, W. T ……………3d Cover, November – Women, Cal! to ……………………….. 848 Moslems, Evangelizing Egyptian ………… 83 – Jones, E. Stanley 25H, 513, 3d Cover, November – in South Africa ………………………. 167 – Learned, Dr. and Mrs. D. W …………… 867 – Read Bible in India …………………. 244 – Won in China ……………………….. 6()~ – Mackay, John …………………………. 867 Motives and Money Fifty Years Ago, Harry – Mott, John R. ……………………….. 611 S. Myers ……………………………. 2M – Norton, Mr. and Mrs. John E. ……… 769 Mott, John R., Christian Statesman, Frank B. Lentz …………………………….. 957 – Shepard, Lorrin A. . …………………… 513 Murray, Andrew, Centenary ……………… 933 – Wang, C. T ……………………………. 867 "Mushing Parson" of Alaska, Farrand B. – Wanless, Wm. J ………..179, 3d Cover, May Pierson . .. . . . . . .. . .. .. .. . .. .. .. . .. . .. .. … 121 – Wilder, Robert ……………………….. 674 National Missions, Field of ……………. 523 N ear East-Airplanes for "the Hajj" …… 407 Philippines- (See Filipino) – – Changes in …………………………. 758 – ME'eting Challenge of Cebu ……………. 160 – – College Association . '" …………….. 4D5 – Mo·ro Christian Minister ………………. 412 – – Moslem and Atheist ………………… 847 – P.rogress in ……………………………. 384 Pocket Testament League ………………… 398 Poem-"God Save the Heathen!" Wynn C.

Fairfield ……………………………. 835 – "MiSSionary Meeting" …………………. 609 – "Over Here-Over There" ……………. 278 – "Use Me!" ……………………………. 472 – "Woman's Sphere" …………………… 314 – "Would You?" ….. ., ………………….. 842 Poland-Protestants in, New …………….. 328 Polish Jews Study New Testament ……… 238 Porto Rico-Chapel Car in …………….. 80 – – Creative Service in, Arthur James ..•. 195 – – Destruction in ………………….. …. 910 – – Devolution in ……………………….. 684 – – Living Conditions ….. , ……………. 401 Porto Rican Presbyterians ………………. 503 – – Woman's Gift ……………………… 326 Porto Ricans Value Hospital …………… 858

INDEX

Page Page SWdents, British and America …………… 930 Prayer Cal! from Jerusalem ……………. 437 – Chicago Day of ……………………….. 399 – III Czechoslovakia … '" .. … .. ………. .. 83 – for White Men, African's ……………… 84 Sudan. Baptisms in Southern ……………. 672 – Bible Teaching in the ………………… 491 – in Kopapingo, Lord's …………………. 462 – Mahdists Ask to Hear of Jesus …….. 756 – of a Lonely Student …………………… 667 – Shulla Woman, My Friend, Mrs. D. S. – World Day of, 1929 …………………… 917 Oyler ……………………………….. 46D – World's Day of ………….. , " …….. '. 313 ISuccess, Secrets of, John R. Mott ……….. 963 "Prison, I Was In," Vincent C. Steffan …. 965 Sudanese Christians Pray, How ………….. 33D Prohibition and Business ………………… 380 – Preachers, Training ………. , …… " …. 695 – Gains in Japan ……………………….. 499 Sunday School Convention, World's ……… 764 – in Japanese Colleges ………………….. 158 Sunday-Schools, Bible Lands …………….. 758 – League of India ……………………… 495 – – German …………………… , …. , .. … 82 Protestant Charity Federation ………….. 78 Syria and Palestine, D. V. B. S. in ……… 86 Racial Coun(Jils in South Africa, Inter- ….. 846 – Beruit University Graduates …………. 847 – Experiment …………………………….. lDD8 – Irish Church in Damascus, Elias New- Ramabai, Pandita, Memorial …………….. 319 man ………………………………… 471 Ramabai's Mukti Mission, Wm. Moyser … 807 – Jews in Damascus ……………………..1016 Religion, Cost of …………………………. 379 – Moslem Conve,rts . " ………….. , …….. 759 Religious Education Foundation ………. 324 – Physician's Reputation ………………. 492 – Peace Conference ………………………. lD22 Rhenish Mission Centennial …………….. 859 – Religious Contacts ……………….. , … 596 Task, Greatness of the …………………. 585 Rubber, Christian Colony to Plant ……… 762 Temperance Day fn Bulgaria ……………. 5()5 Rumania, Religious Hatred in ………….. 238 – Lecture Wins Prize in Korea ……….. 852 Rural Church at the Crossroads, Jay S. StDwell ………………….. 0 •••••••••••• 284 Testimony, Notable Chinese ……………… .1019 Tibet-Journey from Batang, Perilous, Ro- – Leadership, Securing, W. A. C. Hughes … 228 Rnssia-AII Russian Evangelical Union ….. 859 derick A. MacLeod …….•………….. 869 – Nurses' School ……………………….. 403 Tibet, Peril in ……..•..•…..•……………102D – Religious Chaos ………………………. 671 – Moravians in …………………………… 1()20 – Revival in ……………………………. 931 Tibetan Christian Pioneer ……………….. 498 – "Pilgrim's Progress" in …………….. 764 – Riga "Salvation Temple" ……………. 506 – To Try Buddhism ……………………… 238 Tibetans in Darjeeling •…………………… 699 – Winning ………………………………. 41D – Vodka Drinking IncreaSing ……………. 592 Tokyo Slums ………………………………1()2() Russian Communistic Youth ……………… lD13 – Y. M. C. A……………………………..•1()21 Russians, Needs of Educated ……………. 32,9 Trade,r Horn, the Romancer .. 2nd Cover, May Santo Domingo-Earnest Pastor ………….. 235 Trinidad Mission Jubilee …………………. 684 Scotland-Livingstone Memorial in …….. 327 Turkey-Bibles Sold in …………………… 759 – Moody's Memory in Glasgow …………. 670 – Census in …………………………….. 85 Siam, Centennial for …………………… 849 – Century of MiSSions in ……………….. 4D8 – Constantinople College Graduates …….. 243 – Crucifixion Story in …………………. 171 – Doctor's Romance ………………………1()16 – Education in, Western ………………… 85 – "Rice Christians" …………………….. 849 – Fifty Years Ago and Now, Charles T. – Riverside Evangelist in, 2nd Cover, September Riggs … '" ………………………….. 13 – Rubber. Christian Colony to Plant …… 762 – Forbids the Veil, Why ………………. 242 Siamese Christians Steadfast ……………. 246 – Mosques in New ………………………. 759 – Church, Growth of …………………….. 89 – Mustapha Kemal and Islam ………….. 167 – Martyr's Daughter …………………….. 408 – ReligiOUS Future of ………………. 758, 934 – Mission Centennial …………………..•..1018 – – Liberty ….. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 85 Slaves Freed in Siena Leone ……………. 166 – School at Brousa Closed …………….. 242 Slcssor, Mary, Hospital in Africa ………. 492 – "Unnamed Christianity" ………………. 467 Social Research Institute, New ………… 77 South America-Deported for' Christ's Sake 163 – Verdict of Brousa Court …………….. 674 – Woman, New ………………………….. 242 – – Indians in Amazonia Needy ……… 504 – Woman's Rights in Sabihe Zekaria Hanum 636 – – With Stanley Jones in, Webster E. Turke,y's Religious Future ………………. 242 Browning …………………………… 881 Turkish Alphabet, New …………………. 492 – – Y. M. C. A. . ………………………. 401 Turks, Modernizing …………………….. 846 – Take Family Names …………………. 4()6 – American "Friendship Pilgrimage" …. 234 Southern Mountaineers …………………… 536 – to Publish Sermons …………………… 168 – – Past, Present and Future, J. M. Somern- Uganda, Church Growth …………………. 757 dike ………………………………… 198 Unclaimed for Christ, Areas, Robert E. Speer Spain, Evangelicals in …………………… 237 ……………………………………187, 279 – Gospel Mission in ……………………… 164 Underwood, H. G., Statue of ………….. 751 – Persecution in ………………………… 930 Union, British Methodist ………………… 93() – Progress of Gospel in, J. H. Horstmann 717 – Churches Consider …………………… 5()2 — Religious Education in ……………….. 82 – in Korea, Methodist …………………… 499 – "Tolerated" Religions in …………….. 756 – Students Seek Church ……………….. 324 Spanish, Evangelical Books in ………….. 589 Unity in India, Lutheran ………………. 761 – Spf'aking People, Work Among ……… 75 United StateS-Berkeley International House 161 – – Work, Charles A. Thomson ………… 392 – – Bible Reading in Public Schools ….. 324 – Woman Imprisoned …………………… 505 – – Chicago Ninety Per Cent. Religious .. , 926 Statistics-Africa, Protestant and Catholic – – Chinese Women, Few ………………. 857 Missionary Work …………………. 886 – – Church Growth in Wyoming ………. 325 – African Mission Fruit of Thirty Years .. 833 – – Clinic for Theological Students ….. 855 – Gains in Decade, ReligiOUS ………….. 926 – – College of Missions, Hartford ……… ga5 – Growth of Protestant Missions in Africa 833 – – Conference at Hampton, Ministers' .. 857 – Luxuries, Cost of …………………….. 379 – – Contacts with Eastern Churches ……. 251 – Only a POlltage Stamp ……………… 742 – – Cooperation in California ………… 855 – Religion, Cost of ………………………• 379 – – "Copec" in Massachusetts ….. ' ….. , 854 – Religious Gains in Decade .. . . . . . . . . . . .. 926 – – Criminal Youth …………………….. 379 Steward's Psalm ……………. " ……….. 378 – – Cuban Children in Florida ………… 325 Stewardship-Christian and His Money … . – – Filipinos in ………………………… 162 ………….. " …………….2nd Cover, June – – Finnish and Hungarian Chnrches ….. 161 "Stockholm" a New Quarterly ………….. 398 – – Foreign-Born Friends ……………… 399 – – Ghetto, Voices in …………………. 251 StUdent Committee, Federated …………….10M Student Rally for Missions …………….. 145 – – Hindu Association in New york …….. 753 – – Italian-Negro Congregation ………… 928 – Volnnteer Convention, 1928, Harlan P. Beach …………………….•……….. 134 – – Jails, Menace of Our, Charles N. Lath- rop …………………………….•…… 555 – Volunteers in Brazil ………………… 236 – – Japanese Delegates at Detroit •…..• 251 Students and Fore,ign Missions Today, Jesse R. Wilson ………..•………•••..•..•.. 885

Page Page Women's Conference, Pan-Pacific ………… 854 United States-Japanese Students, Christian 326 World's Student Christian Federation COOl- – – Jewish Work for Jews •…………… 251 – – Law Enforcement ………………….. 392 ference, India …………………… 507, 936 – – Metropolitan Church Campaign ……. 78 – Sunday School Convention …………… 764 – – Mexican Citizens, Future …………. 401 – – – Day ………………………………. 501 – – Mexicans in the Southwest, Among … 623 – – – Progress, Samuel D. Price ………. 463 – – MississiPPi Flood Sufferers Want Bibles 78 Yale-in-China to Reopen ………………… 763 – – Pioneer Union, Another …………….. 840 Young, S. Hall of Alaska, Farrand B. Pier- – – Porto Ricans in New york …………. 589 – – Protestants in Chicago …………….. 855 son ………………………………….. 121 – – "Retreat" on Evangelism ………….. 8156 Y. M. C. A. and Industrial Workers, Fred – – Students Seek Church Union ………. 324 – – Theological Student Conference ……. 161 H. Rindge …………………………. 3li1 – – Woman's Missionary Federation in St. – in Greece …………………………….. 1fi5 – – Jerusalem ……………………………1G16 Louis ………………………………. 486 – – South America …………………….. 401 – – Women's City Missionary Union ……. 840 – Tokyo …………………………………..1()20 Venezuelan EVangelical Church, John Chris- – Members in North America …………… 78 – Success in Egypt …………………….. 672 tiansen ……………………………… 194 Young Men's Moslem Association ………… 934 War, Cost of ……………………………. 379 Y. W. C. A. at Budapest ………………. 930 What Is the Larger Parish? Mrs. Hilda – Building in Tokyo …………………… 249 – in Latvia, Interracial …………………. 671 L. Ives …………………………….. 488 – World-wide Work ……………………… 941 Wherry, E. M., J. J. Lucas …………….. 143 Youth and Missionary Enterprise Fifty Years Wilder, Rohert …………………………… 674 Woman's Home Mission Bulletin, Edited by Ago and Now, Howard B. Grose ….. 137 – Criminal ……………………………… 379 Florence E. Quinlan …………… Monthly – Movement in Philippines ……………… 93 – Foreign Mission Bulletin, Edited hy Ella Youth's Threefold Crusade ………………. 5()1 D. MacLaurin ………………… Monthly NEW BOOKS REVIEWED Page Page Africa and Her Peoples, F. Deauville Walker 511 Joy Ride Throngh China, Cora E. Simpson Africa-Books on ………………………… 861 Korea Mission Year Book ……………… 1027 Africa Today, Mary A. Jeffreys ………… 1028 Land of the Vanished Church: Survey of Are Missions a Failure? Charles A. Seldon 173 Arnot of Africa, Nigel B. M. Grahame ….. 60S No. Africa, J. J. Cooksey …………. 414 Attitudes Toward Other Faiths, Daniel J. Life on the Highest Plane, Ruth Paxson ….1028: Light and Darkness in East Africa, A Surve,y 413 Fleming ……. . .. .. .. . .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. … 765 Lowland Indians of Amazonia, K. 0'. Grubb 863 Asia Reborn, Marguerite Harrison ……… 510 Maryknoll Mission Letters-China-Vo. II 176 Barak, Diary of a Donkey, Fred H. Easton 687 Measure of Margaret, Isabel Brown Rose 006 Black Treasure, Basil Mathews ………….. 942 Camp Fires in the Congo, Mrs. John M. Memories of the Mission Fields, Christine 1. TinIing …………………………… 608 Springer …………………………….. 766 Missionary Methods: St. Panl's or Ours; Changing Foreign Missions, Cleland B. Mc- Roland Allen ……………………… 253 Afee ………………………………… 94 Moffat of Africa, Norman J. Davidson ….. 608 China and WO'rld Peace, Mingchien Joshua Mormonism and Biblical Christianity, F. Bau …………………………………. 766 G. Huling ………………………….. 415 China, a Nation in Evolution, Paul Monroe 510 Mussolini-Is the Antichrist at Hand? What China Year Book-1928, Edited by H. G. W. of Mussolini, Oswald J. Smith ……… 256 Woodhead . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1021> New Africa, Donald FraSer …………. 511, 686 New Englander in Japan, Evarts Boutell Chinese Religious Ideas, P. J. Maclagan … 94 Christian Approach to the Jew. Report of Greene ……………………………… 172 "Our Asiatic Christ", Professor Buck ……. 313 Conference on Jewish Evangelism ….. 175 Our Jewish Neighbors, J. S. Conning ….. 253 Christian Essentials, John McDowell ……. 864 People of Ararat, Joseph Bure,t ………….. 416 Christian Voices Aronnd the World, Milton Roads to the City of God, Basil Mathews … 1()Z7 Rosary, Cornelius Howard Patton ……… 768 T. Stauffer ……………………….. 254 Secnring Christian Leaders for Tomorrow Christianity and the Natives of South Africa S. M. Cavert ……………………….. 511 Year Book ………………………….. 943 Speaking With Other Tongues, Sign or Gift? Christianity or Religion, Arno C. Gaebelein .. 608 ChUrch in the Changing City, H. Paul Doug- Which? T. J. McCrossan ………….. 768 Spontaneous ExpanSion of the Chnrch and lass ………………………………… 334 Cronk, Katharine Scherer, Laura Scherer the Causes Which Hinder It. Roland Allen ……………………………….. 333 Copenhaver …………………………. 413 Stewardship in the Life of Women, Helen China, Das Werden der Christlichen Kirche Kingsbury Wallac" …………………. 510 Stewardship Stories, Guy L. Morrell ….. 176 in, Julius Richter …………………. 335 Students and the Future of Christian Mis- Everyland Children, Mrs. H. W. Peabody … 608 sions, Gordon Poteat ………………. 415 Ewing, Sir James, Robert E. Sp'eer ……. 767 Thamilla, Ferdinand Ducbene ………….. 416 Explorer of Changing Horizons: William Triumph of an Indian Widow-Pandita Ram- abai, Mary L. B. Fuller ………….. 608 Edgar Geil, by Philip Whitwell Wilson 333 Trnth and Tradition in Chinese Buddhism, Friends of Africa, Various Authors ……. 9'42 Karl Ludwig Reichelt …………….. 95 Gentlemen-The King, John Oxenham ….. 1025 Unclean! Unclean! or Glimpses of Land Girl of an Indian Garden, Ruth Robinson 397 Where Leprosy Thrives, Lee S. Hui- Golden Stool, Edwin W. Smith ………… 606 zenga ………………………………. 253 Gospel for Asia, Kenneth Saunders ……… 508 Green Gods, Josephine Hope Weste,rvelt .. 511 Village Communities, Edmund de S. Brunner 335 Guidance Through Life's Contradictions, Don Village Schools in India, Mason Olcott …. 414 Way Back in Papua, J. H. Holmes ……… 767 O. Shelton …………. '" …………… 607 'What Next in Home Missions? William P. Home Mission Books …………………….. 603 India in 1926-27, J. Coatman ……………. 686 Shriver ……………………………1()261 International Review for the Social Activi- What's Right With China, O. D. Rasmussen 256 ties of the Churches, Various Authors 864 Windows of Asia, A. P. Richardson ……. 944 In the African Bush, Jewell H. Schwab ….. 1028 Young, Hall, of Alaska: The "Mushing Par- Introduction to' Child Study, Clarence H. son". Autobiography ………………. 175 Benson ……………………………… 415 Young Hearts in Old Japan, Maude Madden 007 Islam als Religion, Julius Richter ……. :l1l6 Japan In the World of Today, Arthur J.

Brown ………………………………. 509

f()40

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The Missionary Review of the World — October 1928

CHRISTIAN MISSIONARIES IN

PERSONALS DR. JOSEPH C. ROBBINS, secretary of the American Baptist Foreign Mission Our Free Catalogue Saves Money for Missionaries Society, bas recently started, with his wife, to visit the Baptist Missions in India and Burma. They expect to be away from America about a year. MISSIONARIES everywhere have con- .. * * fidence in our Missionary Bureau as the most economical source for MR. W. REGINALD WHEELER, a secre- personal supplies and mission equip- ment of high quality. tary of the Presbyterian Board of FIELD SECRETARIES and Purchasing Foreign Missions, left in May, with Rev. Agents find that our free catalogue Robert M. Russell of Larchmont, New and special discount list enables them to save money for their stations. York, to visit the Presbyterian Missions MISSION BOARDS can economize by in West Africa and to attend the Con- selecting hardware, paints and other ference of Missions in the Belgian Congo. building materials from our catalogue.

*** MR. AND MRS. JOHN E. NORTON of the Christian Boys' Horne Mission, Poona, India, have recently returned to Amer- ica on furlough and are ready to give missionary addresses with or without the stereopticon. Their address is, Box 13, Findlay, Ohio.

** If you haven't a Montgomery Ward catalogue, write TODAY for MISS KATHERINE GARDNER, one of the a free copy.

promotion secretaries of the Presbyterian Board of National Missions, has recently become Associate Secretary of the Com- mission on Church and Race Relationa, Federal Council of .Churches. MONTGOMERY WARD &CO.

*** Chicago, U. S. A. ~ PASTOR HERMAN SCHNELLER has re- cently succeeded his father, Dr. Theodore Missionary Bureau Schneller, as director of the Philistean ~>——-(~'==="'~~ Orphanage, Jerusalem. This orphanage was recently reopened after it had been closed for fourteen years on account of the World War. Previous to that event Dr. Schneller had directed the orphanage for 43 years. * .. .. A Unique Testimony MISS MINNIE V. SANDBERG has recently CONCERNING entered upon her duties as foreign and Annuity Agreements candidate secretary of the Woman's Eighty-seven Agreements. One Hundred and Ninety Thousand Dollars Baptist Foreign Mission Society, at the This is the record of one individual with headquarters of the Society in New York. the two Methodist Milsion Boards. The Miss Sandberg fills the position made fint agreement was issued July 2, 1900, for $4,500. The last one, May 21, vacant by the resignation of Mrs. 1928, for $2,000. This devout Mabelle Rae McVeigh Le Grand. Miss Christian placed all of her funds except Sandberg is well qualified for her office, her home and about $1,500 on an- through her educational training, her nuity, thus practically administering all service as a missionary for five years in her estate during her lifetime. For the Mary L. Colby School in Japan, and information regarding annuities write on account of her experience as an execu- Moni. W. Ehnea, TreasurH of the Board of Foreign Mwions 01 the Metbodist Episcopal Cbureh, tive for the last three years in the re- 150 Filth Av.nue, New York, N. Y., or ligious education department of the W. J. Elliott, T..amrer of the Board 01 Home Missions and ChllI'<h Exten,io, Qf the Methodist Young Women's Christian Association in Episcopal Church. 1701 Arc h Slrret, Philadelphia, Pa.

Washington, District of Columbia.

*** MISS FAYE A. STEINMETZ, for seven years secretary for young people's work for the Presbyterian Board of Foreign Missions, has resigned and will be suc- ceeded by Miss Mary E. Moore of San . .. .. Francisco.

REV. RALPH A. WARD, D.D., of Foochow Conference, China, has been elected by the secretaries of the several benevolent boards of the Methodist Episcopal Church executive secretary for World Service.

(Concluded on page 771.) Please mention THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD in writing to advertisers. DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Edito,'

OCTOBER TABLE OF CONTENTS Special Africa Number Page FRONTISPIECE–PIO~EEB CHRISTLN lIISSIOKARHjS I~ AFRICA MII,ESTONES IN AFRICA'S PROGRESS ………………….. ,TOHA"NES DU PLESSIS 773 A oraphia picture of the developmel1t oj Africa through e.xploratio1tJ commerac, edu· caHan and missionary effort.

ARE AFRICANS WORTH SAVING? .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ,J OHN M. SPRINGER 7~1 Practica,l 6aJamples of A..jrica1lB '1t'ho hare provcd their intelUgellcc? Ohristian character «-tid usefulnes8.

IIINDRANCES TO CHRISTIANITY IN AFRICA ………………. GEORGE A. WILDER 789 A missionary with over forty yt:mrs' experiftW(' 'in Africa describe.'i Iwnte of the olJstar eles met in bringing light to the A-frica.JI.

EXPLORING THE AFRICAN'S SOI'L .EDWU W. SMITH 793 The weZl·known a,uthor of U']!he Gorden Stool" en tel's a nC1C field 0/ CiI'pZoration opening up dark recesses to the light.

GIVING THE BIBLE TO TIm A~'JtIC.N . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A. W. BA"FIELD 799 The yo-ma.nce oJ Bible trnnslatiotJ, anti distribution mnung pa-ga1l8 as described by the Bible Som.ety agent in Central Africa.

AFRICAN WOMEN IN THE NEW DAY …………. ELIZAHETII )[AcDo"ALD WILKI"SO" 807 A remarku·ble picttwc oj the pJogrc88 made tnJ those who were formerly GhattdB a,tld slaves but have been libera,ted and enlioht(,lIl:'d by Ohr·istiOJl" missional'icB.

SPIRITUAL SELF-SUPPOR'l' IN .~FRIC. …… . . ……………….T. '1'. TUCKER 815 The missiona.ry to Uguna(t describ('s the pr()QJ'(,,'f.'t which thl' A/ricnn i.'t making in fceding himself with Rpirit1lnl fooll anll pllHsing Oil thl~ Gospel to othcl"f-l.

AFRICA WAITS …………. . . .. W .•T. W. ROOME S1n S(J1ne Dutstnnding facts in regw'd to the In-cNellt situnti(m in A_friaa mid the fields still unreachcd by the Gospel arc gln'11 b.lJ 01/i' 1rho hfll~ widely trarcllcd throuah tire continent.

now TO STUDY AFRICA ……….. . . . . . . . 'l'nO:LS R. DOXOHCGH 829 Some suggestions as to methods and lIwt(Tiul for mission study da.sus.

TOPICS OF THE TIMES …………………………………… . S34 AFRICA AND THE KINGDOM OF GOD.

WO~1AN'S FOREIGN MISSION BUr,I,BTIX . . . . . . . . EDITED DY I~LLA D. :IACL.CRIX 837 WOMAN'S HOME MISSION BULLETIN ………….. BOlTEn BY ~'LOHE"CE K QUIXL.'" 1'>40 WORLD·WIDE OUTLOOK………………………………………………… R43 BEST BOOKS ON AFRICA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . . . . . CHARLES II. ~'.HIX Ml TERMS: $2.50 a year. ($2.00 in clubs of five.) Foreign postage, 50 cents. Single copies, 25 cents. Published monthly. Copyrighted, 1928, by MISSIONARY REVIEW PUBLISHING COMPANY, INC. All rights reserved.

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Entered as second-ClaSS matter at the Post Office, Harrisburg, Pa., under Act or March 3, 1879. PERSONALS ROSE Diana Drew By ISABEL BROWN ROSE (Concluded from page 769.) :fr~. Rose's latc1't 110'('1. Ffl~('illatill,!.!' de!"eriptioll~ MISS HELEN THOBURN, a niece of th< late Bishop J. M. Thoburn of India, ha. of India. II ('harmln~ love MtOT)'. n tmlendill tale of been a secretary of the National Board of the Y. W. C. A. for several years, the missiollary devotion and service. $2.00 last eight years having been spent in Shanghai, China. On September lR' ZWEMER Across the World she became secretary of international of Islam education for the National Board, with headquarters in New York City. By SAMUEL M. ZWEMER. F. R. C. S.

** Story. tralofecty fllHj problem as witnessed hy Dr. Z"vemer from Cairo to Casablanca. from Capetown REV. WILLIAM FETLER, founder and to ('akutbl- lhe fa~('ination. desperate need lind general director of the Russian Mission· marvellous a'akenin r life of ]slam. ary Society, is now in the United States, for the purpose of raising a "$1,000,000 Abundantly Illustrated $4.00 Fund for the Evangelization of Russia." Mr. Fetler's station is at Riga, Latvia, BROWN Japan in the World as he is unable to carryon his work in —- of Today Soviet Russia. By ARTHUR J. BROWN. D.O. * Dr. SidJll'Y L. (:ulkk Slllo'l'!: "A work whkh 110 one ('an i:rnore who wishes to understand Japan as CHARLES E. VAIL, M.D., who went to she is today . . • 110 other single work compar~ to! India in 1909, is now in charge of the with it in fullness, accuracy and fairness." Miraj Hospital and Medical School. . He succeeds Sir William J. Wanless, M.D. Illustrated $3.75 who, after nearly forty y'ears of service, has been honorably retired by the Board SPEER Sir James Ewing of Foreign Missions of the Presbyterian – – – – – A Bioguphy of Sir James C. R. Ewin, Church in the U. S. A. By RODERT Eo SPEER OBITUARY A vivid nnd ('offiprehensive biography of an Amer- jean statesman : lid It"ader of religious thought in MRS. FLORENCE ANDERSON GILBERT, for Indiaduring nearly half a centur~·. Illustrated $2.75 over ten years associated with the RE- VIEW as Editor of the News Department SOUTH0NA Yellow Napoleon and as proof reader, died at her home in A Rom.nce of West Africa White Plains, on August 27th. Mrs. Gilbert had given her life to missionary By ARTHUR Eo SOUTHON and other religious work and was very capable and devoted in her Christian Tn this thri1ling missionary tale of the wilds of service. She was formerly in India where her husband, Mr. F. M. Gilbert, Africa Mr. Southon surpa!'ses even the fascin<ltioll was in Y. M.' C. A. work and was later stationed in China. The REVIEW will of "God of Gold." $1 •• 5 greatly feel the loss of Mrs. Gilbert's effective cooperation. HAY The Indians of South – – America and the Gospel * By ALEX. RATTRAY HAY BISHOP JOSEPH C. HARTZELL, a retired Missionary Bishop of the Methodist Mr. Hay write~ from personal knowled~e. 3!01 a EpiscoJlal Church, died at Christ Hos- longo-time m:ssionary c.of the Inland South America pital, Cincinnati, on September 6th at Missionary l:nion. Illustrated $J,'; 5 the age of eighty-six. Bishop Hartzell's death was directly due to an atrocious ROBINSON A .{;irl of an attack by burglars at his country home Indian Gardp.n near Cincinnati on June 1st. For twenty years Bishop Hartzell was the Mission- RUTH E. ROBINSON (Editor: ary Bishop for Africa where he travelled extensively until his retirement in 1914. Letters of Flora Robinson Howells, in India to ** her Iriendlilo. lntroduetion by Bishop William F.

Joseph Addison Richards, a member of McDo'Teli and Clotilde L. McDowell. $1.00 the Board of Directors of the National THAT MEXICAN! Bible Insti1;ute and the author of many often quoted poems, died at Clifton A Study of America's Ned-Door Neighbor Springs, N. Y., on August 18th. For many years he was connected with the By ROBERT N. McLEAN. D.O. Methodist Church, Montclair, N. J., and later with Saint Andrew's and Saint "The ('omnietp. story of Dresent–daY situations Paul's Churches in New York City. He under the tla,!l of our southern neighbor in an was a graduate of Wesleyan University intensely intere::;ting IH'W book." — .'Pokane and the head of the Joseph Richards Cluwucfe. Illustrated $2.00 Advertising Agency of New York. FLEMING H. REVELL COMPANY NEW YORK: 158 FHth AYe. CHICAGO: 851 CUI SL Please mention THE MrSSlONARY REVIElW OF THE WORLD In writing to advertisers. electro nic fil e created by cafis.org

LI, No. 10 October

MILESTONES IN AFRICA'S PROGRESS BY PROF. JOHANNES DU PLESSIS. Stellenbosch. Cape Colony F OR age after age Africa was ception of the progress of its dis- regarded as the continent of covery. In 1800 not much more impenetrable mystery. The was known about the interior than nineteenth century awoke with a was known to the geographer Ptostart to the fact that it was a conti- lemy in the second century of our nent of immense opportunity. A era. Since ptolemy's day the outsuccession of intrepid explorers, line of the coast had been beginning with Mungo Park and determined, and the extreme south ending with Henry M. Stanley, of the continent had been coloopened up the heart of the conti- nized. But that was all. None of nent and made it accessible to the great rivers had been explored; civilization and Christianity. The none of the great lakes had been end of the geographical feat, as discovered; none of the snow-clad Livingstone said, was the begin- equatorial mountains had been dening of the missionary enterprise. fined. There was much hearsay In fact, the progress of geograph- but no sure knowledge. In 1900 ical discovery and mIssiOnary the interior of Africa was pracpenetration went on concurrently. tically as well known to geograph- Many of the earlier missionaries ers as the continent of Europe or were themselves explorers. In the the United States of America. The case of Livingstone himself the chief dates in the fascinating hismissionary was gradually merged tory of African discovery are in the explorer; but other mission- these: In 1830 the brothers Landaries, like Krapf and Rebmann in er determined the course of the East Africa, Grenfell and Arnot in Niger; in 1849 Krapf and Reb- West Africa, while remammg mann discovered Kilimanjaro and faithful to their calling, rendered Kenya; in 1856 Livingstone comeminent services to the science of pleted his first transcontinental discovery. journey; in 1858 Lakes Tangan- yika and Victoria yielded up their The Discovery of Africa secret to Burton and Speke; in We shall not understand the 1864 Baker discovered Lake Alstory of the evangelization of bert and cleared up the last mys- Africa unless we have a clear con- tery about the sources of the Nile; 773

and in 1877 Stanley traversed the The rest of Africa, in 1800, was continent from east to west and terra incognita and even terra non traced the course of the Congo. desiderata. These ddscoveries laid down the main physical features of the Af- Almost the only wealth which rican continent and later discov- Africa was supposed to possess eries only filled in the details. was an unlimited supply of slaves, and the slave trade was for Afri- Political Partition can merchants far and away the Nor again shall we understand most remunerative commercial the tale of missionary enterprise enterprise. But the end of this in Africa unless we know some- nefarious traffic was already in thing of its political vicissitudes. sight. In 1807 William Wilber- force, one of the greatest benefac- IN'l'ERNA'l'10NAL BOllNDARIES AND MAIN tors of the African race, after POLITICAL DIVISIONS OF AFRICA eleven failures secured the passage of his Bill for the Abolition of the (Liberia and Abyssinia are now the only Slave Trade through the British African 8tates not under control of European legislature. The signatories to the governments.) Treaty of Vienna in 1815 followed suit, and declared the commerce in In 1800 no great power gave much human beings to be an illegal purthought to Africa. The attention suit. But it was many years beof Europe was wholly engrossed fore what had been legally secured by the Homeric conflicts of the could be practically enforced. Napoleonic age. North Africa, When Livingstone lay dying in bordering on the Mediterranean, 1873 he could still write: "All I is to all intents and purposes a can say in my solitude is, may part of EUrope, and has been such Heaven's rich blessing come down from time immemorial. It may on everyone, American, English therefore be left out of account in or Turk, who will help to heal this our review of African political his- open sore of the world." The suptory. South Africa, which had pression, if not the complete exbeen settled by the Dutch in the tinction, of the slave traffic is the seventeenth century, passed into most signal benefit which the English hands in the opening nineteenth century has conferred years of the nineteenth century. upon the tribes of Africa.

Still more important for African humanity, though by no means so frankly beneficial, was the annexa- tion of the continent by the great European powers. South Africa was already a European colony, and Portugal had established her claim to portions of the western and eastern seaboard. But the rest of the continent was no man's land. The consumation of Stan- ley's traverse in 1877 focussed the attention of statesmen on Africa. The first to act was Leopold, King

MILESTONES IN AFRICA'S PROGRESS

of Belgium, one of the astutest ment. Let us take it by sections: monarchs of the nineteenth cen- first West Africa, the field of tury. In 1879 he founded his "In- tragedy; next West Central Aiternational Association of the rica, the field of romance; then Congo." The first word of this South Africa, the field of conflict; title was merely a blind. The "As- finally East Africa, the field of ensociation" was Leopold himself, terprise. This is a geographical and its name and style was soon division: chronologically South altered to "The Congo Free State." Africa should come first. But any The founding of the Congo Asso- order will do, that enables us to ciation was the signal for the com- cover the whole territory. mencement of a game of grab on an unprecedented scale, with near- Under West Africa are inly all Africa as prize. The Con- cluded Sierra Leone, the Gold ference of Berlin assembled in Coast, Nigeria, Calabar and the 1885 to draw up the rules of the contest. In no time Africa was S I : RVIVI:-1 G HE.THE~m)I IX AFRI CA parcelled out, France, Germany, Britain and .Belgium being the Cameroons. Sierra Leone has the fortunate participants, with con- honor of being the first spot in solation prizes for Italy and Spain. Africa in which Christian missions set foot in modern days. It owes European rule has not proved an this honor to the "Abolitionists," unmixed blessing to the primitive who sought to establish here an African. True, it has brought him asylum for freed slaves. In spite many benefits, such as settled gov- of the pestilential climate a flourernment, ease of communication, ishing church was built up, and adan increase of material wealth, vanced educational work carried education and Christianity. But on, culminating in the Fourah Bay European civilization has brought College, which is now affiliated also many evils in its train, such as with the university of Durham the exploitation of the black man (England). In Sierra Leone the for the enrichment of the white, missions at work are chiefly Enginfectious diseases previously un- lish, in Liberia chiefly American. known in Africa, an infamous trade in spirits on the West Coast, and many acts of oppression and misgovernment in various forms. The results flowing from these evils are in many cases irremediable. But since the Great War a better spirit seems to be abroad, and we may hope that the humanitarian attitude which finds expression in the mandatory system will effectually check every attempt to coerce or maltreat the natives of Africa. The Missionary Enterprise We are now ready for a bird'seye view of the missionary move-

The difficult Gold Coast was fluential tribes of the French and effectively occupied by German so- British Sudan have embraced the cieties, especially by the German- teachings of the Prophet. The re- Swiss Basel Mission, which also ligious appeal of Islam is unques- built up a fruitful mission-work in tionably a powerful one. It has the Cameroons. Here the Ameri- the shortest and simplest credo in can Presbyterians have also an the world. The native African re- extensive field of work. Nigeria is gards it as the religion of races the venue of the Church of Eng- which like himself are black, while land and Methodist missions, while Christianity is "the White Man's Calabar is the scene of Scotch religion." Mohammedanism he Presbyterian successes. considers to be more conciliatory I have called West Africa the and less rigoroUS in its ethical de- field of tragedy. Words fail to tell mands. One can be a good Moham- of the stupendous sacrifices de- medan and still practice polygamy, manded for the redemption of still use charms and grigris, still Africa on the fatal West Coast. indulge the weakness of the natu- That dreadful scourge, yellow ral man. Mohammedanism, too, fever, mowed down missionaries enjoys exceptional prestige in po- and government officials like a field litical circles, and to the African, of ripe corn before the scythe. Lis- who pays lip-service to authority, ten to the poignant tale of the this is no mean advantage. In fact, schoolmaster, writing in June, considering all the chances which 1823: "The following is the num- Islam has had in Africa, the won- ber of Europeans who have died der is that it has not gained a since my arrival on December 3d greater hold on the races of the last year: in the month of continent.

December 7, in January 2, in About the future of paganism in February 9, in ~arch 11, in Africa there can be no two opin- April 12, in May 24, and up ions: Pan, great Pan is dead. Af- to date in this month of June rica is destined to become either 12: total 77." Before the Christian or Mohammedan. Islam end of the year the schoolmaster is in no sense a stepping-stone to himself had been borne to his last Christianity. Tribes once islam- resting place. And the experiences ized are incredibly difficult to of Sierra Leone were paraIled by win for the religion of Jesus similar experiences on the Gold Christ. Still there is no need to Coast and elsewhere. The mar.vel turn back discouraged from walls is that men could still be found to which flaunt the Crescent. On the offer for a field which was known contrary, the contest must be con- under the ominous title of "The tinued with undiminished ardor White Man's Grave." and faith. There are three ways of The Challenge of Islam approach. The first is that of peaceful invasion. Governments The chief problem to be faced in are strangely averse to allowing this field is the emphatic challenge Christian missionaries to enter of Islam. In the countries border- Mohammedan areas. But pressure ing on the Sahara, Mohammedan- should be brought to bear upon ism has been for many centuries them to permit the same rights to strongly entrenched. The most in- the Christian as are permitted to

MILESTONES IN AFRICA'S PROGRESS

the Mohammedan, who may freely founded by that enthusiastic but enter any territory. The second unpractical man, Bishop William approach is that of medical enter- Taylor. The Canadian Presbyprise. The doctor is welcome in terians are firmly established on every home or hovel, and the ef- the Angolan highlands. All these ficacy of the medical approach has missions have to cope with excepbeen proved in many fields. The tional difficulties in the intransithird approach is that of educa- gent attitude of the Portuguese tional propaganda. The thirst for government, which will not permit knowledge is spreading in all Mo- the employment of the vernacular hammedan lands. Christianity can in mission schools and insists on provide infinitely better schools Portuguese as medium. than Mohammedanism, and the sign upon the door of this opportu- Though the glamor of romance nity reads Push! lies over this field, it has also known the shadow of tragedy. A Sphere of Romance and Tragedy During the years when King Leo- pold was the sole disposer of the West Central Africa, comprising fortunes of Congoland, crying the Congo and Angolan fields, evils arose in the treatment of the forms a sphere of romance. What natives. This was because Leocan be more entrancing than the poldian officialdom tried to engross story of the advance of the mis- the trade as well as direct the adsionary forces along the riverine ministration of the colony. The highways provided by the mighty result was the so-called Congo Congo and its affiuents, and the atrocities. Natives were coerced, discovery, day after day, of new oppressed and maltreated to make places, new peoples, new tongues, them scour the woods for rubber and new openings on every hand? and other natural products. The In this advance the Baptists of missionaries protested. The Congo England and the Baptists of Amer- Reform Association was estabica, ably seconded by American lished, with E. D. Morel, the most Presbyterians, American Method- indefatigable critic of Leopoldian ists and numerous other bodies, methods, as secretary. At length, have rendered yeoman service. T.he in 1905, a committee of enquiry names of Grenfell the explorer, was appointed, which, though Richards the evangelist, Sims the nominated by Leopold himself, beloved physician, Bentley and gave judgment against his policy. Laman the linguists, and Morri- Its report led to the eventual disson the missionary statesman, are solution of the Congo Free State written in imperishable script on as a private venture and its the Christian record of Congoland. emergence as Belgian Congo. Angola, too, has been well served Since then "atrocities" are a thing by devoted men and women. The of the past. The government now pioneering work of Frederick is exceptionally favorable to mis- Arnot has left its traces in the sionary enterprise and to the rights chain of stations which he suc- and claims of the native tribes. ceeded in building between the coast and the interior. The Meth- The Field of Conflict odist Episcopal mISSIOn, now a flourishing enterprise, was South Africa constitutes the oldest and most extensive field of

missionary operations in the whole discipline grows feeble and the continent. The first missionary decay of true religion sets in.

of recent times to set foot on South Africa is the field of con- African soil was George Schmidt, flict. To the antagonism of race. the Moravian, who landed at Cape as between European and native, there has been added the antag- Town in 1737. After a few years onism of nationality, as between labor among the Hottentots he Briton and Boer. These antagwas compelled to withdraw, on ac- onisms have given rise to procount of the unfriendly attitude of longed conflicts. On the succession the Dutch Reformed clergymen of Kaffir Wars followed a succestowards a man who was not of the sion of collisions between the mon- Reformed faith. The mission was archical British and the republican recommenced towards the close of Boer states. All this strife created the eighteenth century. Then, with an atmosphere of suspicion and the opening of the new century, bitterness, and reacted very detricame the London, the Wes]eyan, mentally upon the mISSIOnary the Scottish, the Paris, the Rhen- enterprise. Time and again the ish, the Berlin, the Anglican and missionaries were driven from their the American Board societies, as fields and their homes were re- well as a host of smaller bodies, duced to ashes. But they returner} that have spread themselves all with dauntless courage, to lay over South Africa, from the Cape. more stable foundations than be- to the Zambesi. Many eminent fore, and in due time their patience names adorn the missionary annals and their faith were richly re- of South Africa-Vanderkemp, warded. Heathenism has been Moffat and Philip of the London vanquished in South Africa. There Mission; William Shaw of the are no doubt many millions of Wes]eyans; Schreuder the Nor- natives who still live under primi- wegian; Lindley and Grout, the tive conditions and profess heathen Americans; CasaIis, Mabille and beliefs. But that is chiefly because Coillard, the Frenchmen; Hahn, they believe that they will lose Kronlein and Merensky, the Ger- national caste if they adopt "the mans. The southern portion of White Man's religion." The leaders the Dark Continent enjoys a most of the native races all call them- salubrious climate, and mission selves Christians, have adopted work is conducted under the most European dress and habits of life.

favorable physical conditions. An and are trying to uplift their race incredibly large number of by claiming larger economic and churches and societies have ac- political rights.

cordingly selected it as a suitable The Field of Enterprise field for missionary operations.

The result is congestion: the In East Africa we have the field societies are treading on one an- of enterprise. The earlier missions other's toes. And to make con- entered the country before fusion worse confounded, numbers European protectorates had been of native sects are springing up established and settled government on every hand like mushrooms. introduced. The mISSIOnaries With the multiplication of sects existed and worked by the good and the spread of propagandism, will of the ruling potentate. This

MILESTONES IN AFRICA'S PROGRESS

required no small endowment of Crawford, the scholarly Pilking- courage and enterprise. Krapf, the ton, the saintly Mackay, discoverer of Mount Kenya, had The missionary enterprise in some very narrow escapes. Han- Africa, for all its glorious past, nington fell a victim to the cruelty is only in its beginnings. It is of Mwanga, and Mackay's life bound to gather momentum as the trembled in the balance. After the years roll on. There is good reason commencement of the Colonial Era to expect that, in Central Africa as in 1884 matters changed for the better. The spirit of enterprise now animated the British, the Ger- mans and the Boers, who emi- grated to East Africa and are attempting to colonize those re- gions. The highlands of Kenya, Tanganyika and Nyasaland are in- deed more suitable for coloniza- tion than any other part of tropical Africa, and the attempt to develop the rich natural re- sources of these territories may be accounted in great part successful.

Here, too, the three-cornered problem of Government, Colonists, Natives, and their respective and often irreconcilable interests, has become acute.

The missions are in a flourish- ing state. The Church of England, entering Uganda in response to Stanley's appeal in the Daily Tele- graph, has become the national church of the land, and the story of its establishment is a romance unsurpassed in the chronicles of modern missions. The tragic tale of Bishop Mackenzie and his fail- ure to found a mission in Nyasa- land, and the'happier chapter of the YOUNG AFRICA WAITING FOR CHRIST success of the Universities' Mis- sion on the island of Zanzibar and in South Africa, heathenism will adjoining seacoast; as well as the be overcome within measurable sturdy advance of the Scotch and time. But nice arithmetical calcu- Dutch Reformed missions on the lations do not apply to the King- shores of Lake Nyasa, form an in- dom of God, which "cometh not spiring record. On the monument with observation." Our faith in erected to the workers in East the future of our enterprise re- Africa we read the names of the poses on nothing less than the im- noble Krapf, the patient Steere, mutability of God's purposes and the far-seeing Laws, the ingenious the mighty influences of His grace.

SOME NOTABLE AFRICAN CHRISTIAN LEADERS (1) Khama, the Christian chief of the Bamangwato (died in 1!l23). (2) Canon Apolo Kiyebulaya, missionary from the Buganda to pygmies of the Belgian Congo. (3) Daundl Chwa, the present ChrIstian King of Uganda. (4-, .Tames E. K. Aggrpy, Vice~principal of Achimota College, Gold Coast (died Ju1y 30,1927). (5) Samuel A. Crowthlf'r, slave boy who became Bishop of Niger 'I'erritory (died 1891).

LISTENING-RAW AFRICA!' RECltUI'l'S IN CA)IP HEARING CHRIWI'IAN

FOR THE FIRS'j' 'rIME ARE AFRICANS WORTH SAVING?

BY REV. JOHN M. SPRINGER, D.D., CENTRAL AFRICA Mu,BiofiUA'Y oj the Jiethodist Episeopa·l Churel.

I s MAN worth saving? The of his natural physical and menta! Cross of Christ was God's vigor, the African has survived, answer to that question. multiplied and thrived on a conti- The man who took the Cross nent that is not hospitable to from the shoulders of the physical- human life but abounds with nat- ly overburdened Son of God and ural enemies of man, with deadly carried it to the place of cruci- insects that carry malaria, sleeping fixion, was a man from Africa. sickness and other diseases, with Was his soul worth saving? No venomous serpents and wild beasts.

other race has given more convinc- Yet armed with only the simple il1g evidence of participation in tools, fashioned by himself, the Afredeeming service than have multi- rican has been able not only to tudes of God's dark-skinned chil- exist but to develop many of Af- dren, when once they have learned rica's natural resources in a very to know and love Him. creditable way.

If we take the term African to Industrially each African tribe designate the Negroes of all the supplied its own needs. Smelting 3,000 or more tribes living in Af- ore and making hoes, axes, spears, rica, we note that, as an evidence etc., was a trade followed by cer- 781 electronic file created by cafis. org

tain families, but aside from this boasted of two hundred wives, the African was beholden to no one. He tilled his own gardens, built his threatened to commit suicide unown hut, wove his own cloth out of grass, platted the mat that consti- less she were brought back. tuted his bed, moulded his own pottery and provided himself with The African is a very sociable meat from the chase or by raising his own cattle and goats. When he being. He loves at eventide to sit lived alongside of the rivers, he fared largely on fish. For his di- around the fire in the palaver house version he fashioned ingenious musical instruments. For orna- or in the open and to gossip over mentation, he made copper and gold ornaments and necklaces of the day's doings. He must have shells, seeds and other things. So its needs were easily met, each vil- companionship. Men of other races lage unto itself. may be content and eager to work Governmentally, the African tribe had a well worked out system overtime for extra pay but not so on the patriarchal order. There were the local or village headmen, the African. In daily life, he the chiefs over large and small districts, and over all was the practically says: "What shall it paramount national chief, or king. Each grade of chief had his council profit a man though he earns much in which centered both legislative and judicial functions. The king gold but loses sociability." He and his council constituted the supreme court. But in spite of this never voluntarily lives alone or orderly arrangement, history and tradition reveal a bloody record of works alone. cruel tyranny on the part of the leaders, of assassinations, intrigue, Marriage is a recognized instituslavery, turmoil and endless war throughout the continent. tion. In a heathen society where Yet there is a very -tender, af- continuous inter-tribal warfare fectionate side to the African's character. The most savage war- obtained, naturally polygamy was rior might have been seen dandling his baby in the few intervals of practised; and some things may be peace, and he usually shows a strong love for his kin and a strong said in favor of the custom under attachment to members of his tribe. Though big chiefs had and still which every, woman belonged to have scores or even hundreds of women in their harems, there is some man who was responsible for usually one in each to whom the king is particularly devoted. When her and to whom she was accounthis favorite wife eloped with a courtier Mwata Yamvo, who able.

While high ideals of morals are lacking, vice was not commercial- ized before the advent of the white man. Both sexes were admitted to full membership of the tribe only after a period of stern training in circumcision and initiation camps in which were entailed hard tests of endurance and no little physical pain. While some of the training was vile and obnoxious, yet there was also valuable instruction re- garding the traditions of the tribe and the duties and responsibilities involved. • Musically, the African has ex- ceptional gifts. He sings as naturally as the birds. He paddles his great war canoes to the rythm of chanting. He works and dances to the music of his own voice and the beat of the booming drum.

When not heavily loaded he whiles away the tedium of the trail to the

ARE AFRICANS WORTH SAVING?

TIlE WITCH DOCTOR'S TEST According tu cllstom, lIwata Ynm'~J caned in thp. witch doctor to find wbo Iwwitched Nfama. his favorite wife, and causeo her death. 1'hey have their powerful "medicines" before them. The sllspect€':d pur-ties are to drink a cup of deadly poison. If It kJl1s thrm, thr,y nre guilty. but if they vomit it, they are guiltless.

tinkling melody of his little hand was accordingly called illiterate. piano which he calls mbila. yet he was far from being ignorant. His wits have had to While the language of the Af- serve him in every relation and rican had not been written, and he

contact of life. His language, itual conversion and consequent which is superior in quality and notable Christian living and serv- in grammatical construction and ice take the following: which is magnificently adapted to Kayeka was born in the very oratory, has been handed down heart of Africa, of the Luunda with wonderful accuracy through tribe, and was the son of a district the centuries. Practically every chief. When about twelve years tribe has a wealth of historical old, he was caught by slave raiders, tales, folk lore, puns and riddles. taken to Angola and sold as a slave.

The children in Africa, as else- Being permitted to go to a school where, may be classified as normal, of the American Board, he was con- supernormal, subnormal and de- verted and became greatly burficient. There are many instances dened for his tribe. He prayed of the children of the so-called twelve years that the Gospel might "raw heathen" who have found be sent to them. their way to European and America universities and have When the Portuguese law was graduated with marked honors, enacted freeing the slaves, he was notably the late Prof. J. E. Kweg- prompted by the Spirit to go back yir Aggrey of Achimota College, to the interior and see for himself Gold Coast, West Africa, holder of if his missionaries had arrived. ten degrees from American Univer- When he had gone about 800 miles, sities; and Prof. Diana McNeil he came to where the writer and Pierson who was brought to his wife and another had just set- America when a very little girl by tled and in response to his inquiry Bishop Wm. Taylor and later was learned that we were missionaries graduated with high honors from to the Luunda tribe. There is no the University of Southern Cali- question but what this ex-sla;ve had fornia, and has been professor of prayed us across Africa in 1907, English Literature in Rust Uni- and back to the Luunda tribe in versity, of Holly Springs, Missis- 1910. Kayeka brought in his wife and family in 1912 and has ever siPlli. since been a powerful witness for Religiously, it can be said as of Christ among his own people.

the Athenians, that the Africans Kaluwashi was a Luba porter are very superstitious. Their re- who went to the west coast with a ligion is animism and fetishism. caravan to carry a load of rubber. They live under the constant dread He settled near the same mission of evil spirits which they believe station as Kayeka and with the cause an the calamities of life such same result; he became a Chrisas sickness, death, deformities, tian. When Kayeka returned there drought, etc., and who must there- with the news that he had found fore be propitiated. This they seek his missionaries in the interior and to do through the departed mem- was going back himself with his bers of the tribe for whom they family to preach to his own people, build fetish huts and to whom they the Baluba ex-slaves asked Kalmake votive offerings of meal, beer, uwashi to go in and see if there and other materia1 things. could not be a missionary for them The African is capable of be- so they could return. They knew coming an enlightened Christian. that they dared not go up into that For particular instances of spir- cannibal country even though it

ARE AFRICANS WORTH SAVING?

was to their own tribe if there The African is willing to make was no missionary there. That great material sacrifice for Jesus, man not only walked 5,000 miles as is to be seen in the case of Jacob at his own charges in order to Mawene, a Mutebele, who worked for ten years on the Cape-to-Cairo get a missionary for his tribe but Railroad and left a good job at prayed $2,000 a year out of a $20 a month to walk 1,500 miles in wealthy man in the U. S. A. for a order to go to school and study to term of five years, and the mission be "a teacher for God" at $5.00 a station at Kabongo right in' the month. "It isn't the money I center of the cannibal country was want," he told us, "but my heart the result. Here hundreds have al- tells me that I must be a teacher ready been turned to Jesus Christ. for God." So he took a load on his There are now a score or more of back, he who had not carried a out-stations there manned by the load for years, and slogged over converts who have been trained in the rough trail with us those 1,500 the school at Kabongo and while miles. Then he -went back, helped there is still cannibalism to be in translating the first book into found in that tribe it is disappear- the Luunda language, the Gospel ing as the (i()spel work spreads.

THE MODERN CHRISTIAN DOC'J'()It'~ '!hl'H In contrast tn tlH' witch doctor scene, we find Ngoya. a trained l1ative Inp<1ical helper, in this same town of Mwata Yamvo, five Yl'ars later, examining with a micro- .sCI 'e to }puru the enuse of sickness.

2

of Mark, and won many to his he was a brave and brilliant soldier Master before he died of the flu in and when the tribe was attacked 1919. "And verily, he being dead by the fierce Metabele (offshoot of yet speaketh." the Zulus), his father called him back to fight their much-dreaded Joseph Jutu was a convert from foes. When he led his army on to the Free Church of Scotland under victory, the tribe demanded that Rev. Robert Laws, M.D., whose he be restored to favor. And work of nearly fifty years in though an avowed Christian, he Nyasaland has just come to a close eventually succeeded to the throne. as far as his bodily presence is During his long reign, he ruled his concerned. Joseph was a capable, people justly, ably and with great devoted lay worker like many acceptability. He insisted on keepothers from that same Mission. He ing his territory closed to foreign was a trained hospital orderly who alcoholic liquors and was effective later learned type-setting and in reducing the use of domestic printing and became engaged in beers and liquors. Khama was held that work on the new daily news- in the highest esteem by both Eupaper in Elisabethville in the ropeans and natives throughout South Africa and was highly mineral fields. Finding no evan- honored by the king and nation on gelical missionary there, he started his several visits to England. holding meetings in his own hut. Hearing of our arrival at Kambove, The conversion of the terrorizone hundred miles away, he wrote ing outlaw, Africander, under and begged us to come down and Robert Moffat and his subsequent organize a church, which we did. exemplary Christian life, is one of But as there was no missionary to the most notable facts in the hisplace in charge, Joseph Jutu cared tory of South Africa. for that infant church and night school for two years assuming the The story of how the Gospel of financial care of it also, all in ad- Jesus Christ changed the blooddition to his heavy work as fore- thirsty and incredibly cruel and man on the daily L'Etoile du savage Lewanika into one of the Kongo. It seemed an irreparable most respected and ablest Chrisloss to our Mission when he was tian rulers of the Barotse, reads likewise carried off by the flu. far stranger than any fiction. And But the seed that he sowed is bear- equally fascinating is that of King ing much fruit for there are 5,000 Mtesa of Stanley fame and the adherents of that church in Elisa- Prince, Siruano Kulubya, who atbethville today. tended the recent world missionary gathering at Jerusalem. Khama, the Christian king of the Bamangwato is an outstanding In practically every phase of life, instance of statesmanlike qualities the African is just as capable of in the African. The heir apparent development as any other human was converted in his youth. being. We also see how the Gospel When his father demanded that he of Jesus Christ works the same follow the custom of the tribe miracles in the lives of the Afwhich required the King to offer ricans as in those of other nations. sacrifices to the ancestral spirits, For history shows us that the he quietly and firmly refused. His peoples of Europe prior to the infather disinherited him and he be- troduction of the Bible and Chriscame an exile from his tribe. Rut tianity were on about the same

ARE AFRICANS WORTH SAVING?

level as were the Africans in the and trade and are recognized as able competitors in every sphere. middle of the nineteenth century. They are keen to acquire better education and better living condi- While the destructive agencies tions for themselves and their families and are willing to work of intoxicants, of commercialized hard and make sacrifices to attain these ends. They are naturally vice, of materialism and of greedy deeply religious and in their church life give ample proof of a vital commercialism are having their faith and close fellowship with God. A larger percentage of them, lamentable effects upon multitudes probably, are tithers than among Christians here in America. in Africa, yet the Africans are giv- . Are Afti,cf!,ns· worth saving? With abundant proof of human ing a good account of themselves ability, of 'worthy aspirations, of true -worth, of eagerly improving whenever they have even half a their opportunities and of notable mental and spiritual achievements, chance and especially when they how can the verdict be other than in the affirmative? Emphatically, receive Jesus Christ into their they ARE worth saving.

hearts. ,"0 ine: UnlikE) the ~baiif!ines of some other countri~, Afrie&ns are not.pying out wheIi' brought into contti,ct' with Ill<Jdern civilization but~re rapidly increasing in num- bers;· and are showing to a re- markable degree an adaptability to new livirig and working conditions.

The Africans have made a place for themselves in every occupation THE AFRICAN WORD FOR GOD "" There was n() equivSllent word.in Bulu if:tr /'God".. 'rlJe isolate4 . ~ive did not know ,enough to swear-bl~~ed ignorance! .YeA'rs paSsed before this foreign art of "civilization" reached him. "Iti their animism the Bulus had a word-Zam.nyamebe'e-which llU,,' ,- . ~ered to their instinct of a Higher Being ; and there was but one slich. He always existeo and never died. He created man and the .;"gprilla and, the chimpanzee;<cThe man became many and started village life, while the gOl'iUa and chimpanzee went to the woogs t.o live. This Zamnyamebe'e is far off and leaves man to shift for hiw.;:" self. He was also called.Zambe; and this is the name used for "God" in the translation. It had. to be rescued from its age-long isolation. and poverty of meaning, and invested with a new and larger pet'- ' sonality. We put into it deity, trinity and the divine attributes, as wisdom, power, holiness, justice, goodness and truth, and the·Bulu soon came to recognize and appropriate a new spiritual entity under the old name, and to see the propriety of spelling it with a capital Z and of thinking of this new Zambe as having no equal or lawful rival. Thus the difficulty of getting a name for God w~s fortunately solved by the unearthing of an indigenous word-Zambe. We did not have to go into the heavens above to bring a word down, nor into the depths below to bring one up. Lo, it was with us, and needed only to be divested of sensUOUS lImitations, and properly in- stalled.-MELVINFRASER.

OLD AND NEW IN NORTHERN .U'RICA The Arllb's "ship of the desert" find the French "caterpillar" have met in the Sahara Desert NEW MID'J'nODS ADAI"l'ED '1'0 CHILD WELFARE IN SOU'I'H AFRICA In touch with the Heart- of New Africa-Baby Clinic at .Tohannesburg

TO CHRISTIANITY IN

BY REV. GEORGE A. WILDER, BLOOMFIELD, N. J.

Fo-r Over ]i'orty Y13a,t"8 a AHss,zonary oj the America-n BO(trd in South Africa T HE first missionaries, Jesuits tribes are revealed in her whole or whoever they were that length and breath. Her lowlands took the Gospel to the West and highlands, her lakes and her Coast of Africa, must have thought rivers, her forests and her moun- they had struck a summer resort tains are all known-with grand of the Devil and his angels! Kilimanjaro right on the Equator, The heat was almost beyond en- towering high, with her snow- durance; the swamps immense; capped head!

the endless forests dense, the Politically, the whole continent, malarial fevers deadly; with aside from Egypt, Abyssinia, and clouds of mosquitoes and millions Liberia, has come under the ruleof of other poisonous insects; with the white man. And while Africa droves of monkeys chattering the today is still teeming with pagans, live-long day; with howling and slavery is, at least, nominally, abollaughing hyenas making the nights ished, tribal wars stopped, the cruel hideous; with unsightly croco- poison ordeal done away with and diles; leaping leopards; and roar- cannibalism frowned upon. There ing lions and hissing serpents; hid- are tens of thousand of Europeans den game pits; flying, poisonous ar- in Africa today. The moment a rows, frightful devil dancers; black man meets a white man the cruel killing of the men in a con- black man's education begins. quered tribe, and the keeping of Daily lessons of variety, of degree, the women for polygamy and the and tendency, are being taught, fiendish feasting of cannibals on and these are moulding the African human flesh-here was a country of the future. In general, inwhere death stalked through the dividualism is asserting its power land! Here was a people who ap- over the ancient communalism. parently had no sense of obligation Industrially and commercially to moral law. Certainly, these Africa has emerged from her iso- Africans were not stretching out lation. Instead of supplying the their hands to God! Moreover, the world with slaves, she is sending missionaries there "died like flies," to, and receiving from the world, and the natives named their own that which makes her a most neces- land "The White Man's Grave." sary member in the family of the Animism, totemism, witchcraft, most modern races of the world.

magic and other characteristics of She has more than thirty thousand this primitive folk were also miles of railroad in operation, and serious hindrances to the progress regular communication has been of the Gospel; but we shall deal established overland, between only with present-day Africa. Cairo and Cape Town. She also After baffling both Asiatics and has regular airplanes flying be- Europeans for many ages, Africa tween her large centers. On the has ceased geographically to be a West Coast, certain of the aborig- mysterious continent. Today her ines are so developed, that, today, 789

they export palm oil, rubber, coffee the civilized law, which professes and cocoa to the extent of three to be Christian.

billion dollars' worth annually. On Again, the difficulty the native the eastern side of the continent, Christian has in obtaining individ- we find that the people of Uganda ual title to landed property, is a have made a similar development. great hindrance to the native con- They, in 1925, produced eighty mil- vert, who has broken away from lion pounds' weight of cotton, and communalism. Again, there are there were imported into that land especial laws passed to protect for native consumption twenty mil- the white laborer, which prove a lion dollars worth of European and serious hindrance to the develop- American goods. The combined ment of a strong character. Re- trade of British Tropical Africa stricted in so many directions by alone has multiplied six and one these objectionable laws, the native half times in the last twenty years. Christian finds the field of religion In spite of the great good ac- the only one in which he may at- complished by schools, medical tempt to express his new-found missions and Christian literature, freedom. The results are generally some of the modern civilizing in- grotesque, to say the least. Gen- fluences have made the task more erally they are foolish in the ex- difficult for the Christian worker. treme. Denominationalism has in a The very education, which is so measure produced these results. In needful for the follower of Jesus any case they form a difficult Christ in these modern times, pro- problem for the missionary to duces, at times, unexpected results. handle. It is stated that there are Prof. Brooks tells of a lad, stand- already over one hundred different ing near as the professor was at- sects in the native churches in tempting to move a trunk, who, Africa!

when asked to lend a helping hand, Other kinds of hindrances per- excused himself with the remark: sist in spite of civilization. For "Oh Sir, I am not a laborer, but a instance, the missionary is still in brain worker." danger from wild animals. Many VVrong Ideas of ][oney years ago Mr. Butler was crunched by a hungry crocodile in the colony Again, the white man's eager- of Natal. He was a missionary.

ness for money, has given the David Livingstone was mauled by native a very wrong idea of the a lion. The writer of this article value of that article. was struck senseless by an angry One of the most serious hi,n- leopard and narrowly escaped with drances in the way of the develop- his life. Another missionary, a ment of the Christian native is the friend in Rhodesia, has recently fact that the white man's govern- suffered a similar attack and a ment persists in keeping the native young Dutch neighbor has lost the under the native code of law, fear- use of one arm froni the cruel ing to place him under the same leopard.

code of law as governs the white So far as I can learn, only one colonist. As a result the native missionary ever suffered bodily Christian is under terrific tempta- harm from the savages in Africa.

tion to revert to heathenism, since An ever-recurring hindrance, he has little encouragement from that is met by every missionary, is

HINDRANCES TO CHRISTIANITY IN AFRICA

the multiplicity of the languages of and believe, to love God and his the country. In spite of the fact neighbors as himself, than were the that the missionaries have reduced Scribes and Pharisees. hundreds of these tongues to writing, each new missionary must Christ's audiences did not like master the dialect in which he is to admit their guilt, and so cried, to teach the people. The enthusi- "Away with him! Crucify him!" astic young messenger, perhaps But the heathen, who is ignorant of learned in the Hebrew, Latin and revelation, dead in trespass and Greek and able to speak one or two sin, appears to be wholly indif- European modern tongues, finds ferent to the accusation in the to his amazement that not one Gospel and replies, "Why should I person in the African crowd before repent? What have I done that is him understands one word of any wrong?" Gradually the messenger tongue he can speak. It dawns on realizes that his task is not only to the would-be preacher, that he "preach the Gospel," but, also, to must learn the language of the "teach all nations." He learns natives, if he hopes to influence that the greatest hindrance to the them. What a task is this! He sets acceptance of the Gospel by the at work looking for a grammar pagans is their lack of sense of and dictionary, often to be con- obligation to moral law. He finds founded with the'information that that the situation is almost identithis language has never been re- cal with that which presents itself duced to writing! Addressing him- to the minister in America. The self to the task of transcribing the heathen is different, however, in words, he is faced at once with the that he has such an astonishing fact that the new sounds have not ignorance of moral law, and true been provided for in the phonetic spiritual life, such an unreasonable system! He is next puzzled to fear of departed spirits, such a learn the correct meaning of the persistent unwillingness to admit words he has collected. At last personal guilt and such a desperate having at his service a few words, fondness for lustful life and easy he makes disastrous mistakes by indolent existence. not distinguishing the different sounds of the vowels. His wife, for When the Power of God has instance, sends her cook to "Kill brought results, the missionary is two men for dinner," when she in- again disappointed to find how tended to say "two ducks"! (She easily the new converts are satisused amadoda for amadada.) The fied with a low standard of life; cook-boy runs into the back yard how easily they fall back into their to have a good laugh at the can- heathen customs. nibalistic tendencies of his mistress! At times the missionary himself stands in his own way. He tries to The African and His Gods tell the heathen how to die, for- getting the equally important duty It is not an easy matter to induce of learning how to live. When a the heathen African to desert his man has learned how to live he is gods, even when entreated by the ready to die any day. best of linguists. The pagan African is no more ready to repent Another difficulty comes from the belief that the pagan does not need to be denationalized-that is to say separated entirely from hi::!

old heathen life. It is astonishing Another phase of this same how unanimous governments, wri- thought is seen in the "superiority ters, and many missionaries are complex" shown in the attitude of on this matter. In point of fact, some missionaries as they come in- the only thing about a pagan to close contact with the African.

African that need not and cannot This attitude hinders the Gospel.

be denationalized is his color! His Some workers seem to be unable political life cannot exist in contact to say to this little devil "Get thee with civilized governments. His behind me Satan," but some seem economic undertakings must be to think that this superior attitude boosted by civilization to succeed is an angel of light!

at all. His social customs cannot Some Other Hindrances be tolerated in connection with a Christian civilization. Possibly, Finally, I think it no exaggera- Dr. Loram admitted more, the tion to claim that one of the most other day, than he intended, when discouraging and serious hin- he stated that there cannot be two drances to the spread of the Gospel civilizations in South Africa. The in Africa, is the apathy of the fact is, that if an African is to be- churches in the civilized lands to- come civilized at all under Euro- wards the need of the African pean tutelage, he will become so continent. Financial support is only by adopting European civiliza- woefully inadequate. The money tion . for necessary new ventures is no- . Among the early missionaries in where to be had, and the workers Rhodesia, at Mt. Silinda, it had for this great field, where are they?

been decided, that the natives In addition to the hindrances to should be taught to use a form of missions found in all pioneer work dress more adapted to the ordinary -the diseases, the ignorance, the costume of the natives, more sensi- vice, the superstition, the antagble than the trousers etc., worn by onism of pagan rulers and teachers Europeans. So, when the boys ap- we find then these new hindrances plied for clothing, they were to missions in Africa today: presented with a sort of kilt uniform, which had been devised by (1) The license which the the ladies of the mission. When African feels when the tribal the missionary handed these cos- restraints are weakened by contumes to the boys they examined tact with the white man.

them carefully, then turning to the (2) The danger that education missionary said, "Why do not you and industrialism may take the place of, instead of becoming the wear them?" hand-maids of religion. The fact of it is, that whatever (3) The false position, so genthe holders of this idea may mean erally taken, that the African must by it, the African interprets the not become civilized but must be position to mean that the Euro- allowed to evolve his own African pean, yes, the missionary, does not method of life. want him to become the white man's equal. This, then, becomes (4) The inadequate support in a serious obstacle in the way of the prayer, gifts and workers from missionary worker. the churches at home.

A SACRED AFRICAN CIIlRlIlllONY-A FUKERAL DAKCIil IN CENTRAL AF

EXPLORING THE AFRICAN'S SOUL BY EDWIN W. SMITH, LONDON, ENGLAND Author oj THE GOLDEX STOQL. eto.

I N THE course of centuries the faith and practice, but we can cort- continent of Africa has been fidently assert that these are much discovered and explored. Now more respectable than used to be we are engaged upon another thought. We have discovered the enterprise, not less arduous and indubitable fact that the African absorbing: the discovery and ex- is eminently a religious person. ploration of the African's soul. The limits of this article will not Surprises await us in this field, allow me to enter upon a detailed even as they awaited us in the description of African religion. It former. Our forefathers imagined may be said, in brief, to comprise that the continent would prove to three elements: Dynamism, Spirbe little more than a waste, howl- itism, and Theism. Our purpose ing wilderness; we now know it to is to determine what there is of be one of the wealthiest quarters of strength, and what of weakness, the globe, if not the wealthiest, in in those elements. If there is anyits economic resources. We do not thing in them of value to the yet know all the content of the Africans, we want to know what African's soul, but we know enough that value is. And if in any reto be sure that it is infinitely rich spect the religion is lacking in real in its possibilities. It used to be worth, is indeed deleterious, insaid that Africans had no religion, imical to their life and progress, but plenty of superstition. Some let us state what we find, frankly, writers who admitted the presence but always in a sympathetic spirit. of rudimentary religion supposed In estimating the value of any it to consist of no more than a mass religion we may ask at least three of entangled fears and irrational questions about it. Does it kindle taboos. They talked obscurely of and nourish the highest emotions? Satanism, devil-worship, fetishism. Does it rest upon a rational basis We are as yet very far from a com- which our trained intelligence applete understanding of African prove~? Does it issue in nobleliv- 793 electronic file created by cafis. org

ing? We demand an affirmative Magic to describe it, but that is a answer to these questions when we question-begging term which it is examine the religion which a Euro- best to avoid. I think it right to pean or American professes. I think we should apply the same in speak of Dynamism as religion. criteria to the African's religion. Religion should be a full-orbed It knows no god, the proper system, taking into itself the emotional, rational, and practical ele- sense of the word, but it.is directed ments of human nature. Any to a power that in many respects species of it that appeals merely to is superior to man; and that power the emotions is a flabby, senti- is regarded with the, 'awe that is mental thing; one that appeals the proper religious response to only to the reason and lacks the the supernatural. What value do warmth and driving power de- the Africans find in it? rived from emotion, is no more than a barren philosophy; and a It is this belief that underlies religion that appeals only to the the use of talismans and amulets practical side of our being, to the -the "mascots" of our emanciexclusion of feeling and of pated present-day civilization. strenuous pursuit of ultimate They take many forms and are emtruth, very easily develops into a ployed in diverse ways, but always pitiful pharisaism and is really not their virtue resides in the mystic religion in the true sense of the powers of which they are the ve- hicle. word. The value of a religion de- An African warrior, like some pends upon the degree to which it others, may be afraid of being afraid; so, to strengthen his satisfies all our needs, emotional, courage and to ensure that he shall not fail in the test of battle, he rational and practical. Let us then secures from the medicine-man apply these tests to the three ele- certain talismans which convey to ments which compose the African's him, for that special purpose, some of the all-pervasive energies that faith. are wrapped up in them. They give to him a loftiness of spirit 1. Dynamism that carries him through the ordeal. Wearing them upon his The Africans are aware of the person he charges into the enemy's presence of mysterious powers ranks fully confident of playing working in the world around them. the man. From our superior They may not define these powers scientific point of view we may but they recognize their existence. question the intrinsic value of the These are impersonal, all-pervad- warrior's talisman, but we cannot ing; a kind of mystical energy, deny its subjective operation upon concentrated in individual persons his mind. He feels himself to be and things, but actually spread a stronger and braver man because through all things; something of it. which can be tapped and put to certain uses. The belief in this Mr. Frank Worthington, formermystical energy, the practices as- ly Secretary of Native Affairs in sociated with the belief and the Northern Rhodesia, tells of an emotions evoked by it, constitute African messenger who was orwhat we name Dynamism. Some dered by him to go unarmed and authorities would prefer the word arrest a "witch-doctor" of whom

EXPLORING THE AFRICAN'S SOUL

the whole community stood in mystical energy can be tapped and dread. The man was by no means a put to use for evj] purposes as well coward, but he shrank from the as for noble purposes. By virtue task. Seeing his dark face pale of them, a man may from a diswith apprehension, Mr. Worthing- tance encompass the death of his ton picked an object off his office- fellows. The horrors of witchcraft table-a paper-weight, I think it are to be placed to the discredit of was–and said firmly and authori- the belief in Dynamism. tatively: "Clap this medicine under your arm and hold it tight, Three axioms of primitive menand I guarantee that so long as tality form the basis of this form you keep it there all the sorcery of belief. They are: (1) that like of this renowned doctor will avail acts upon like and produces like; nothing against you." That was a (2) that the part acts upon the powerful suggestion and the man's whole; and (3) that the desire of a man's heart produces the effect SOME OF THE " MEDICINES" o~' AN A~'RICAN DOCTOR mind accepted it. Holding the in- that is expressed in his words. nocent paper-weight, and assuring These are the ways in which the himself that it was there by press- mystic powers work. It is evident ing it between his arm and his to our more logical minds that body, he went off and accomplished these axioms rest upon a wronga dangerous errand which other- headed kind of reasoning. wise he would not have dared to attempt. Take the first, that like acts upon like and produces like. Here Dynamism thus evokes certain is the tuberous root of a shrub. Its emotions which are admirable and peculiar shape suggests to the useful: that is its value in this re- African that it is a manifestation gard. On the other hand, it of the mystical energies in their ministers also to some of the lowest particular quality as a swellingemotions of human nature, those producer. Because it bulges, is which lie at the root of sorcery and swollen, it will cause to swell and witchcraft, such as jealousy and grow. He therefore makes a decocmalice. For the all-pervading tion from the root and administers electro nic fil e created by cafis.org

it to his child in order to make it to understanding them unless we grow big. When, again, Africans fully recognize the degree to which want rain some of them slaughter the spirit world attracts and a black ox, with the idea that the dominates their minds. The veil blackness of its hide will produce drawn between the seen and the something like itself-black, rain- unseen is very thin-so diapha- bearing clouds. We say, and are nous, indeed, that it can hardly be justified in saying, that all the said to exist. The realm of the black oxen in the world, if killed at spirit is very real and present to the same time, could not possibly them. The community which we bring a rain-cloud upon the hori- can see and C()UT't, the men and zon. We deny that these axioms women and children with whom we have any rational basis. converse daily, is only a part, a Dynamism is also an ethic which small part, of the actual African can be summed up in one word: community. The other members taboo. Anything is taboo, not of it are unseen; at least they do when it is prohibited by the chief not appear to our eyes every day, or by the chief's council, or by the their voices are not audible to our law of God; but when its result ears every moment; but they are automatically follows upon the per- always present. The living, and formance. You do or say some- those we call the dead, form tothing which, as it were, springs gether a closely interdependent back and punishes you. It is an community. This is one of the ethic that has many excellent cardinal points in the African resocial effects in protecting life and ligious experience.

property. They.are quite wrong who im- The weakness of Dynamism is agine that Africans feel nothing shown when Africans are brought but a shrinking dread in the near into contact with Europeans. The presence of the spirit world. It education which they are receiving is true that it is in part inhabited inevitably saps this form of be- by evil spirits who seek to molest lief; it cannot withstand elemen- and harm the living. But that is tary scientific knowledge. Its not all. There are good spirits as rational basis is too slender. The well as bad, and to these good sophisticated young African spirits prayers are offered in full realizes that many of the taboos confidence that they can help and that restricted the actions of his bless. In communion with their fathers are devoid of real founda- departed beloved, who have not tion. Unless the restraint of an gone to some far distant bourne but enlightened conscience replaces are always near, Africans find the old dynamistic controls, the strength and comfort. The belief youth falls into the danger of be- provides the strongest social bond they know. The whole tribal coming morally an anarchist.

2. Spiritism system is based upon it. Their attachment to their land rests upon Africans are very sure that a the conviction that it is still the human being is compact of body abode of their ancestors, whose and soul; a part that perishes in bodies were buried in the soil, and the grave, and a part that survives whose spirits hover about it even death. We shall never come near yet. The strong hold which the

tribal customs have upon them is Creator. They are not all sure that chiefly due to the fact that these the Creator is a Person, and many were handed down to them by of those who seem to be sure on revered forebears, who will be of- this point do not think of Him as fended by any breach of customary a God who is present and active in usage. Here'is to be found the root all human affairs. They are not of the intense conservatism of the convinced that He is good; that Africans. God is Love is a strange and al- most incredible doctrine to many There is therefore both strength of them. Their theism (if theism and weakness in this element of is the word) lacks what was most their religion. Like their Dynam- characteristic in the conviction of ism, it is assailed by the innova- the prophets of Israel: that God tions which accompany the advent was not only One, but One to whom of European civilization. The tribe ethical distinctions were very real is held together not only by as- and who was always on the side of sociation of its living members the good. As a general rule under the control of their chiefs, Africans do not associate morality but even more by association with with their belief in God; men are the unseen members who in a very not more honest, truthful and virreal degree are the guardians of tuous because of their awareness the tribal morality. Anything that of His existence. The Creator tends to separate the living from rules in the cosmical sphere and is the dead is inimical to the social the Supreme Arbiter of human structure. In these days, thou- destiny, but he does not bring men sands of Africans leave their homes for long periods to work for into judgment now or hereafter. Europeans. They who go are He does not mind whether a man absent not only from their tangible is good or bad. fellow-tribesmen; they depart also from the presence of the ancestors, The African believes, however for these remain attached to their vaguely, in God, and in the survival homes. They do not travel. The man on a European mine or of human personality after death. plantation is therefore cut off from He seeks communion with the unthe restraints which the presence seen. He practises prayer; he of his ancestors exercises on his is ready to be guided by powers conduct, and almost inevitably de- outside himself; he can, and does, terioration sets in. Almost every- give up to the service of his where this element of African divinities things which are valureligion is in process of decay. Un- able to himself. He is, in brief, less something stronger is put in religious. He dwells in the twiits place the future is full of peril light, it is true, but he has the for the Africans. capacity of being led forward into the light of day. Will his ancestral 3. Theism faith withstand the shock of con- tact with the materialism of Not all Africans but perhaps Western civilization? I see no hope most of them had, independently for him apart from the acceptance of Mohammedan or Christian in- of the Gospel of Jesus Christ, both fluence, reached the conviction that by the African himself and by the this world owes its existence to a people who are bringing the weight of their influence upon him.

WAITING IN LINE TO BUY BIBLES AT NGORA, UGANDA Joh" 3:16 in BULU Fr £q. A/riclJ Joim 3 :16 ill LUItAGOLI KtftYIJ Me abele fo'o ane me aJo mla na, Moo esae a nJl Nyasaye ya yanza avomkivaJa ndi, ya va ha Mwana dail esa we; naM ie m6t a ke nl6mon te dane mGt. wewe muderwa, ku vosi u mu Suuvira a ta diva mba, nga 16me nye, navutswa a ve neliva mwoyo 11 ta hera mba.

JQ/r. 3 -16 in SHEETSWA S"","- A/ric. Joh. 3:16 in GREDO Libn-i• .

H~uba ~ungunguJu i 10 ranza tiko 1..0, hakuba i Kare kre Nyesoa nuna kona lb nowilnena, ~ 10 nytkela Nwana wakwe a tralneko yece, bsi nl wihi hnyina 10 siyA lih koklt.yn donb, be ny~ be a.

loYi a kolwako kakwe a ngafi, kanile.ri a hi ni kuha. po nt. hohte, 1 neb to wanb, nema .. mu kona- nya kala ku kupinzuka. se-bonbnonh kA.

loll,. 3 :16 in TONGA Sou,. Africa JDh. J:16 ,. LUBA·LULUA Bdgilll Ct1ft!Jt1 Kolu Nungungulu a di halala litigo karati, kakuba Bnalu bua Nzambl wakatamba ku.ua ba ha buloba. a di ningel. Mwamana waye na belegidwe ek&, kaku· bo uyo a kolwago kwaye 0 ngafi, abolu a na mane yeye wakabaha Muan'andi -umuehele mulela De, wakubanya nya ku pinduke. rnuitabusha, kena ufua, neikale ne muoyo wa tshen.

delele.

l ob 3 :16 itl MPONGWE F,.. Eq. AJriclI K.JohM 3:16 in SIDLLUK Anglo·Eg. S.d"ft KAnde AnyaolbiG anludl ntye ylnle. nil nte.· piil mar yi J WQk ki men dWQD, abAIi miijo nd.inli m~ aven1i~ 0lJwanli yA wikika, intA om' Willi. ay~to akiel, kipa iIan byie ki en, pli lail. de edu 0 bekeH~ avere ndo e be doanla nl'eiii~n:.l o)'it i Diln milg git a~. zake.nllli<a.

Iob,3 :16 iff BENGA WI.'sr Africo Jolt" 3 :16 in OtUNYORE KeraJ(J Kakul. ndi AllyamM IllAndaki he, ka MA·. Okhnba .Nyasaye yayanza buyaoz. abomuaibala, vh Mwan' 'oj….mMkll, ns, u~h~pi • ka k&IDid~ yahana Omwana uwe owebulwa omutelwa, omundu MA, a nyange, ndi a na em~1I1o yo .egembe omuaubiranga aratiba, nehutawa abe nobulamu obu· yebept rahwa.

John 3 :16 ill ARABIC Nort" Africa.

AS JOHN 3: 16 I.OOKS IN gr.EVEN AlmrCAN LANGUAnF.S

KI!lV. A. W. BANFIELD TRANSLATING ST. MATTHEW'S GOSPEL IN

In 1902 Mr. Banfield lived in this house for over a year. His teaeher did not know a word of English.

GIVING THE BIBLE TO THE AFRICAN BY REV. A. W. BANFIELD, F.R.G.S., Lagos, Nigeria lrest African Secretary oj the British a.nd Foreign Bible SocietJj YEAR by year Africa is moving scarcely imagine the feelings of a up to the front; she is coming primitive man watching an aero- more and more before the plane flying over his village for the eyes of the world. Not many first time, or the more thrilling exyears ago there were no railways perience of being taken up and f1yon the continent Travelers walked ing through the clouds, which he whither they would, and many always believed were solid. What thousands of miles did the itiner- tales he will tell to his eager Iistenant missionary walk on his rounds ers round the camp fires! Then of the villages. Then railways comes wireless telegraphy. Towers were proposed, surveyed and built are being erected all over the conin many directions. Motor cars tinent, and men living in midappeared and roads had to be made Africa are listening to concerts for them-roads over hills and given in London and Paris. Primsandy plains; roads through dense itive man in the past ten years has forest and boggy swamps, till to- seen more wonderful things than day there are thousands of miles of were dreamed of by a hundred genmotor roads stretching in all direc- erations of his grandfathers. tions. Then the "birdman" came But it is undeniable that true to Africa and has already flown. light and understanding have come from north to south and from east to Africa, as to other countries, to west. What changes! One can through the reading of the Bible.

799

Africa struggled for centuries to Nigeria, who numbers more than get light and understanding by six millions, have for many years other means, but today is finding written their own language. They out that there is no hope from did not however, invent new char- within: her only hope is from acters, they simply employed the above. A thousand years of heath- Arabic, as the Koran and other enism and idolatry have not books in -that langu~ge have been brought Africa any closer to God. in circulation in Hausa country for Africa, a Great Mission Field many years. The Vais, who live in Liberia, might also be quoted as Today, Africa has become 'the another possible exception, for a greatest mission field in the world, system of writing Vai has been and reports many converts to evolved by them. We have never Christ. FUrthermore, it is the heard, however, of a book being greatest language field, and sends published in the Vai characters. to the different Bible Societies for publication more translations of It is generally true that, prior to the Scriptures in new languages the coming of the white man withthan any other field. Already more in recent years, African languages than two hundred African lan- remained unwritten. Since that guages have the Bible complete, or event ijowever, more than three in part, translated into them. hundred of these languages have now been reduced to writing, and The exact number of languageS- at least one book published in most and dialects spoken in Africa .if; of them.

perhaps not known today. Sucha The task of reducing to charac- list would contain the names of ters hitherto unwritten languages thousands of different forms of and providing the people with a speech, and most likely could not literature, and education, has up be published, for many of the to the present time been left al- smaller and weaker dialects are be- most entirely to the missionary so- ing lost. Even the well-defined lan- cieties, whose share has been about guages of small tribes are dying ninety-five per cent.

out before they have been put into Among Primitive Peoples writing and a book published in Comparatively few persons from them. This state is being brought about by the wholesale opening up among the so-called civilized naof Africa; the reduction to writ- tions are ever permitted to live ing of the predominating lan- among primitive peoples and study guages; and the absorbing influ- their customs, religions, history, ence of the larger tribes extensive- folklore, etc. Fewer still are lucky ly engaged in trading in the areas enough to get a chance to study a of smaller tribes, such as the Man- hitherto unstudied, unwritten Af- rican language in its own environdingos, the Ashantis, the Yorubas, ment. Most of these special priv- Ibos, Hausas, Zulus, Swahilis, etc. ileges are granted to pioneer mis- sionaries only; not because they Unwritten African Languages Negro Africa as a whole never are a talented or favored class, but invented a system of writing. for the simple reason that they are There are, however, exceptions to often the first white people to settle this. The great Hausa people of among such primitive folks, and

GIVING THE BIBLE TO THE AFRICAN

daring and persevering enough to come to your house: why you "laid accept the challenge and undertake hold on" him and not on another. the stupendous task. Such a life If you begin talking English to him and work has a lure and romance he will most likely look at you with all its own. great fear and suspicion, and pre- pare to leave your presence sud- Try to picture yourself choosing denly the moment you take your a "teacher" from among a group eyes off him. Just how then would of men who cannot read or write you make a start? their own language. Men who have never heard the word for Learning an African Language school, pen or paper, and have never seen a book or writing of any I went to West Africa in 1901 kind. Furthermore, these men with a pioneer mission party and .~~ AFRI CAN CHRISTIAN TEA C HING IVORY COAST BOYS FRO~[ TIlE BIBr.E have no knowledge of your lan- lived in a grass house for a year, guage. Try to imagine your ex- and later on in a mud house, while perience in working to overcome I learned the Nupe language, reyour teacher's fears of you: of per- duced it to writing, and translated suading him to come to your house; the entire Bible and other books. of teaching him how to sit on a It may be of interest to know just chair sO as not to fall off. Then how I learned this language. The after you have accomplished these Nupe people, who number half a and many other strange things, million, live in the vicinity of the Middle Niger River in Nigeria. how would you begin to learn his language? He has yet to discover I first secured the services of a why you have "compelled" him to man who was to "teach" me his 'J

language. However, I soon saw EUropeans are able to make them.

that all I would ever get from him For instance, the labial ba means had to be extracted. The very first "to cut," the explosive "ba (writ- thing I did was to hold up my fin- ten gba) means "to follow." The gers one by one before my teacher. labial "pa" means "to remember"; This had two effects; it allayed his the explosive "pa" (written kpa) fears and started a conversation. means "to feed."

He understood that I wanted the The language is full of these and numerals and gave them to me as other strange and weird sound's "nini, guba, guta," etc. We were such as nyi, tsa, dzu, wun, etc., to now well on the way. For higher say nothing about nasalized vowels.

numbers I used cowry shells, the These sounds can be learned only currency of the country, valued at by hearing a native make them.

one thousand for six cents. After The greatest difficulty of all, per- that I pointed to my head, my arm, haps, in studying most African my leg, and to the different objects languages, is to be able to detect in the room. He gave me the the very fine shades of difference names for these,' and so we pro- in tone given to words spelled ex- gressed. actly the same but toned differ- I soon found, however, that I ently. Each word has its own corcould not form a sentence using rect tone, and the slightest varianouns only; I must have other tion from that changes completely parts of speech. I first set out to the meaning of the word. Let me look for verbs. These I was able take one word as an example. to secure by acting them, such as "Eye" said with a level voice, laughing, walking, eating, jump- means "the chest": "eyiY' said ing and going through strange an- with the voice dropped on the last tics. The task was intensely inter- vowel means "the nose." Now let esting and fascinating. I had to us raise the voice on the last vowel fight for every word and ferret as "eye" and we have a word that means "the eye." Lower the voice out its meaning; I lost the trail for days, to pick it up again in a on both vowels as "eye" and the strange sentence. Such words word means "a hole." Now begin burned themselves into my mem- on low and end up on high as "eye"

ory and have never been forgotten. and you have said "No." Reverse I have often said since then that if this order and say "eye" and the I had no more than these two word means "Oh." Now these are simple sentences "What do you call not isolated exceptions, they are it" and "Say it again" I would at- the rule of the language. A word tempt any language. may be said in only one way. Little Difficult African Sounds wonder then that the Europeans remark that the Africans sing their The peculiar explosive sounds of language. In this way it resembles the language are most difficult to the Chinese.

learn. These are made in the One might think that the lan- throat and force the lips apart and guage has been developed along emit an explosive sound. One al- this line because of a lack of words.

most requires the thick lips and This is certainly not true of the flat nose of the native to produce Nupe language as the following these sounds perfectly. Very few facts will prove. In my "Diction-

GIVING THE BIBLE TO THE AFRICAN

ary of the Nupe Language" I have Systems Based on Heathenism tabulated nearly fifteen thousand words. The language is particu- When referring to interior Nelarly rich in adjectives and ad- gro Africa one must remember that verbs, there being one hundred and in most instances the judicial sysforty words to express bulkiness, tems, social and religious life, are ninety to express diminutiveness, based almost entirely on paganism, sixty to express thinness, sixty for idolatry and superstition. This stubbyness, sixty for quickness, makes it very difficult at times to thirty-five for completeness, thirty find suitable words b use in transfor quantity, etc., etc. The lan- lating the Scriptures-words that guage has a most elaborate system will convey, lofty, holy, and true of rank', and titles numbering Christian ideas. It must not be over a hundred, each with a num- overlooked that the Name and ber of different salutations pecul- teaching of Jesus Christ are uniar to that rank. It also contains known to millions of people. Simnames for more than one hundred ilarly it is not always easy to find different species of trees, different a suitable word for God. In many species of .grasses, of animals, tribes the devil, or a powerful birds, and fishes. Such a language fetich, is the one most feared and can hardly be. described as worshipped. "starved." On one occasion, when traveling Translating the Bible in the interior of Central Africa, I came across a tribe that had no Very few people indeed are per- word for God in their language. mitted to have any part whatsoever They had forgotten God entirely. in translating a book into an Af- True, they had many idols and rican language. Still fewer have fetiches and the suchlike, but none been called to translate even a of the names given to these could small portion of the Bible into a properly be applied to God. Their primitive language; and perhaps local or patron spirit was one by not more than one in a thousand of the name of Chid, who resided in such translators has been granted a near-by grove. As Chid was certhe great honor and responsibility tainly not God, and as the people of not only reducing the language were anxious to have a name for to writing, coining and discovering God, they suggested that the mishundreds of words and Scriptural sionary living among them, should phrases and terms, thus greatly in- coin them a name for God, which creasing and enriching the vocabu- he did while I was there. The peolary, but also of translating the en- ple had told him that they considtire Bible into such a language, ered the sun the greatest power in thus giving the Word of God to a the universe; that Chid had not nation in its own mother tongue. made the sun, nor did they know Who can estimate the amount of who had made it; but that the One labor, patience and love required who created the sun should be to learn an African language, re- caned God. Since that time transduce it to writing, and translate lations of the Gospels have been the Scriptures into it? Eternity published in the Burum language, alone will answer that. and Dagwi, the Creator of the sun, is spoken of by them as God. Later

on I learned that the people had more than twenty-five years of lancut down the grove in which Chid guage work, I have found no word lived and were now coming to the for "soul" or "conscience." It is mission station to learn more about not because the African does not Dagwi. Wonderful! possess these, he has not separated them as we have. He attributes all Often a very long time may such feelings to his "stomach." elapse before the translator is able Thus one may hear his servant sayto decide definitely just what word ing "My stomach is talking to me," he will use for God. After that has and he may not be so very far been done he begins to build round wrong. There is no word for "holithat Name all that the Bible ness," "Spirit," "sin," "repent- ance," "unbeliever," and many other ideas. African languages, however, are not alone in this re- spect. We must not overlook the fact that the English language owes much to Greek and Latin.

"A HARRIS CHRISTIAN" The Power of the :Bible French Ivory Coast, praying before tl Bible What amazes one most, is not though unabie to read a single word of it. the difficulties encountered in translating the Bible into a primiteaches us of God-His love, His tive language-these would be inpower, His justice, His eternity; creased ten times translating any until the old name, once so closely other book-but the ease with associated with heathen ideas and which the Bible lends itself to such fears begins to take on an entirely languages. The gospel story is new meaning: the Christian inter- made so plain that a man though pretation of God. "See" said an fool will not err therein. There old chief to me one day "you have cannot be the slightest doubt as to made our language beautiful." I whether the unskilled African had simply introduced Christ and reader understands the love of God His teaching into it. declared therein. Thousands of living proofs could be produced to Untranslatable Words show the regenerating power of the Gospel. Men whose lives have The translator finds a number of been changed from worshipping Bible words that cannot be trans- idols and evil spirits to worshiplated into the language. After ping the true God. Men once slaves of the Devil now saints of God, through the reading of the Inspired Book in a crude African language.

Where the entire Bible has been translated there is little demand for the New Testament, or, "half the Bible," as they call it. They insist on having the whole Bible,

GIVING THE BIBLE TO THE AFRICAN

affirming that it alone can bring thousand years!" Immediately he them all the blessings of God. broke away from me and was off again giving vent to his joy. Primitive peoples dearly love the historical and narrative books of A few years ago Dani, a Yagba the Bible. They find so much in man from the interior, journeyed common with these old writings: to the coast on business. There he in fact millions of them are living saw Christianity for the first time. today under conditions closely re- He became an inquirer, learned to sembling the times of Abraham.

African Triumphs of Grace AN lvory CvUtU LhrilUuUl rluy whu teaches a class of one hundred and is the only one One day while travelling in the bush country I met a man with a of the class who can read. Bible under his arm going out into the fields to read, meditate and read the Yoruba Bible, and was pray. I inquired why he chose the baptized. Later on he returned to shad~ of a tr~~ in th~ fields to read his native village with his newlyhis Bible. He replied, "There is too found faith and a Bible, which he much noise and confusion in the made known to his people. Very village to concentrate on the Word soon he gathered about him a numand to shut myself in with God." ber of young men who had become Three times a day he went to his dissatisfied with the pagan religion "sanctuary" in the bush to pour out of their fathers. Periods of great his soul to God. I was told that persecutions followed and all were the village people came to him expelled from the town. Their inwhen in trouble, seeking his prayers and advice. Such shall prevail with God and do exploits.

One day I was translating in the 20th chapter of Revelation, with my native teacher sitting beside me. When we came to the second verse I read there that "the angel laid hold on Satan and bound him a thousand years, and cast him into the bottomless pit, and shut him up." My teacher who all the while had been listening spellbound as I read, suddenly sprang to his feet, made one leap for the door, rushed outside, and there ran up and down the yard like a mad man. Not knowing just what had happened I went out, caught him by the arm, and inquired what was wrong with him. He replied "Master, is the Devil to be bound for a thousand years, cast into the bottomless pit, and locked there. Won't that be grand, no Devil for a

fluence and numbers still continued ever, it was the silent witness of to grow and in a few years the the Presence of God. whole district was changed, and thousands had become Christians. Not many years ago it used to The missionary society that fol- be said of Benin City in Nigeria, lowed up Dani's work has today more than fifty stations there. The Benin, Benin, bloody Benin, full story of the triumphs of the Where few come out though many go Gospel in that tribe, the work of one spirit-filled man and his Bible, in. would fill a book. Today the teaching of Christ is The Christian Church today is changing even "Bloody Benin." intensely interested in the story of Flourishing and self-supporting the Prophet Harris Movement of churches are established throughthe French Ivory Coast, where as out the country, and the Bible a result of his preaching close on speaks words of life and hope to to one hundred thousand people the people in their own mother left their idols and turned to God. tongue. With a Bible in one hand and a simple eros's in the other this re- Recently I returned from Aromarkable man toured through the chuku, once the scene of the famous West African bush proclaiming "Long Juju," which decided death One God and One Saviour. When or slavery for thousands of people. Harris baptized a man he always So powerful and terrible was this placed the Bible on his head and fetich that the British Governbade him lay hold on the cross. ment was compelled to send an The two are inseparable. After armed expedition to destroy it. Harris left, the people built little One of the greatest triumphs of grass or mud churches, where they the Gospel in those parts today can gathered to wait and pray for mis- be seen in the changed lives of sionaries. They sent to England three elders of the Arochuku for Bibles which they laid open church. A few years ago these upon a table in the church, though very men were priests of the not one among them was able to dreaded "Long Juju." read a word of it. To them, how- The work of the Holy Spirit and the triumphs of the Gospel of Jesus Christ do not end with the twenty- eighth chapter of the Acts.

THE PRIME MINISTER OF GREAT BRITAIN ON THE BIBLE T HE BIBLE is a high explosive; but it works in strange ways, and no living man can tell or know how that book, in its journeyings throughout the world, has started the individual soul in ten thousand different places into a new life, a new belief, a new conception, a new faith. Those things are hidden until some man, some people, is touched beyond all others by the divine fire, and the result is one of those great revivals of religion which repeatedly through the centuries have startled the world and stimulated mankind; and which will recur again.-From an address by the Rt. Han. Stanley Baldwin, at the Annual Meeting of the British and Foreign Bible Society, Queen's Hall, London, May 2,1928.

WOMEN IN THE NEW

BY ELIZABETH MACDONALD WILKINSON, ONITSHA, SOUTHERN NIGERIA 11f1Rsionnr!J oj the Ohurch Missiollllry Socifty EUROPEAN enterprise, Euro- mad unless by some means con- pean invention, European structive forces have been brought ideas of government and of to bear upon. these lives before the religion have been at work for destructive work is completed. decades creating new types of Africa. Few realize how varied In some measure this is coming these types are, the general concep- to pass, for in every Bush village, tion being that there are two kinds among these untouched women of of African-the civilized who the ancient way are others, their wears clothes, and the savage who sisters, born in the same shadow, partakers of the same heritage, does not. who have seen within the shadow The Bush w.omen, still untouched a newly kindled fire, and have crept up one by one to read their book of by civilization, education, or Chris- life anew by its wavering light. tianity, bound by every custom and These are the Christian women of superstition of their ancestors, a the Bush churches, and they-far prey to all the fears, the cruelty, away from direct European inthe bestiality of savage conditions, fluence, untaught except in the are protected also by the very laws little learning of the church, unand customs of which they are the disciplined except by the fearful victims. The tragedy of these wom- effort that little learning requires en, and it will be far more the -they are making a new life in tragedy of their daughters and their granddaughters, is that little the midst of the old. True, this by little their present security is life is being clumsily and ignorantbeing undermined, the sanctions of ly fashioned after an ideal only custom are crumbling while the dimly comprehended and often sadbondage and the ignorance re- ly misinterpreted, but it is a wonmains. Twentieth century prog- derful beginning for all that. What ress is battering at the very it will become must depend largely foundations of their house of life, upon the leadership of a third and the roots of ancient custom group of African women, those are being inexorably cut through. who have been trained in mission The tree remains unwithered, but schools and who take their training the time is approaching when mil- back into the villages. lions of half-awakened souls, who now find shelter in its tremendous In hundreds of schools throughshade, will look up to find their out the continent thousands of Afshelter gone, its marvelous leafage rican girls are being trained to a withered to the smallest twig, and new life. Sometimes it is a life so they in their nakedness exposed to disassociated from the old that they the intolerable brightness of become foreigners in their own Africa's New Day. When that land. More often, it is a life time comes half Africa must go founded on all that is best in the old; it can be transplanted back 807

THE PASSING DAY-HEATHEN WOMEN DANCING IN THE MARKET PLACE into the Bush villages to take root For women such as these, civiliand grow. These schoolgirls be- zation implies Christian education, come the wives of pastors and and it has brought them an almost teachers, of government employees, unmixed blessing. It has meant deand of those few trained craftsmen liverance from the thousand terwho are people of consequence in rors of a universe infested with every town. Their influence is malignant spirits; from customs great, for the rank and file of Af- harmful to the body and deadening rican women are still so ignorant to the spirit; from the miseries of that education of necessity implies too early marriage and its high inleadership. Even the most limited fant mortality; from a life of doses produce far-reaching effects. drudgery and a degrading type of It is these women who are called marital slavery. It has demanded to be the architects of the African from them the exercise of dormant home, of a home-life deeply enough will power and stimulated the rooted to bear the continuous growth of mental and moral pershocks of an alien civilization, pure ception. Christian marriage laws and happy enough to satisfy fund- have given them a position of digamental desires which find per- nity and security in their homes, verted expression in nearly every and the instructed African woman heathen custom and which, left un- as I know her is well able to sustain fulfilled, will inevitably destroy our such a position. most hopeful structures of church and state. Shall I ever forget my first three months in Nigeria? The nearest

AFRICAN WOMEN IN THE NEW DAY 80ll

'l'IIE NEW DAY-CHRISTIAN WO:lEN-HOME MAKEHS AND TEACIIEHS white woman was fifteen miles as the Christian, and whenever away. The wife of the native possible she gently and firmly pastor was my one feminine neigh- shepherded them to church, secure bor who could speak English, and in the conviction that this would in her I took much joy. She was be good for them. She managed three times my size and very everyone with a tact and grace comely; her voice like honey, and that were irresistible, and I was her laugh like the chuckle of a as putty in her hands. There is no stream. Her family of five was telling what she might have made augmented by a shifting population of me in the course of time, but she of waifs and strays to whom she and her husband were moved to was mother and mistress in one. another station and I was left in In her three-roomed house, over- an unfinished condition. When I flowing with humanity, she lived consider my dissolving personality with a dignity and serenity that after three months of 1iving up to many fail dismally to achieve on my neighbor's conception of the an income of ten thousand, dollars complete missionary, I am not sure a year. Her house and garden were that I wish she had stayed. But I always clean, her children were missed her sadly, and I am eternalclean once a day. She herself was ly in her debt for the vision she seldom idle and never hurried. As gave me of Christ's power to transthe wife of an ordained clergyman, form life without distorting it. she was a great lady among her own people, but there was no one Christianity offers to the women too insignificant to be her friend. of Africa a fullness of life impos- The heathen came to her as readily sible to the heathen. It also brings dangers to which no heathen wom-

an is exposed, for there is no period -the prostitute of the coast cities in a heathen woman's life when is far far removed from the un- she is not the possession and under taught women of the interior. She the protection of some man. As a has climbed a little way, and grown girl she belongs to her father or in the climbing, and has fallen to eldest brother, and even if she does a deeper place than that from not marry she is expected to pro- which she came.

duce children to the increase of her There are still others to whom father's household. As soon as her civilization has come in a measure, dowry is paid she becomes the taking away old faiths and giving property of her husband, and if he dies she is automatically trans- no new or better one; taking away ferred to her husband's brother or old conditions of life dignified by next of kin. If he does not want long custom, and giving little in reher for himself, she is free to con- turn save the flimsy glories of silks sort with any other man who does, and calico, and the painful magbut her citildren belong to her nificence of imported shoes. These owner and the father has no right women belong to the households of in them. ,Adultery is the only educated and civilized polygamists. sexual sin recognized and punished Their husbands go forth in imby native law, though in practice maculate European garments to it is often condoned. their work as clerks to the Euro- pean administrator or trader.

No heathen woman can be ex- They speak fluent English and posed to the fierce temptations amass considerable fortunes. They which undoubtedly assail unmar- buy many wives, taking them as ried Christian girls and Christian children to be trained and reared widows. The professional prosti- by the older members of the harem.

tute is a result of those temptations These girls are taught to be clever combined with the inherited weak- marketers, and some are allowed ness of generations of unrestraint. to go to church and learn to read, She is one sad by-product of a but more often marketing is their great clash of custom, one of the sole education. (Marketing in Af- thousand sacrifices to Africa's New rica means trading for profit, not Day. the mere buying of household sup- There are then the Bush women plies.) The husband lives in a big to whom civilization means nothing house full of tawdry finery, but at present, though it is menacing the wives have mud huts in the the very structure of their lives; back-ground. There is no need for and there are the Bush women to the household arts of the Bush whom civilization means the woman, for everything can be church, and a new, perplexing, bought or traded for in the market.

wonderful, and difficult way of life. Many children are born in such an There are the girls, many of them establishment, eagerly welcomed, from these same Bush villages, ignorantly and indolently cared who are in training to be leaders in for, frantically mourned when this new way, to whom civilization their precarious grasp on life is is bringing developnemt and a broken. Few live to grow up. Life great responsibility. There are is easy for these women, sociable, those others to whom it has and deadening to the spirit. There 'brought development too, of a kind is nothing to awaken the smallest

AFRICAN WOMEN IN THE NEW DAY

effort of mind or will. Its moral I have been trying to think and atmosphere may readily sink to to write of African women in gen- the level of a brothel, but it can eral, but I find myself thinking of never rise to that of a home. certain women in particular, and Such women are the rather piti- groups of women, and girls, whom ful half-breeds of that strange I know. Pictures come into my marriage between enlightened gov- mind full of a significance that is ernment and native law which has easier to understand than to ex- taken place in many African pro- press. They tell a story but they tectorates. They have all the weak- point no moral, for a moral is al- ness and instability of such a ways for the end, and this story is birth-right, and fortunately they only beginning. Look, if you will, seldom reproduce their kind. The at some of my pictures, and you daughters of the house are general- may forecast the moral for your- ly sent away to be educated in mis- selves.

sion schools, and to marry, if '" '" '" possible after another fashion. It is night in a great coast town: The New Day in Africa means a night in the European quarter, great destruction and a great flower scented, breeze haunted, building up. In the past these wave enchanted. Candle-light forces have been fairly evenly bal- shines out from houses where late anced, and both proceeded slow- diners are still sipping their li- ly. Now we are wondering queurs ; smooth running motors whether the constructive education bear smoothly dressed people to offered by mISSIOns and gov- their clubs for dancing or for ernment, proceeding from the bridge. Groups of young white churches and from Christian men stroll by the lagoon after a homes, can possibly keep pace with torrid day behind counters and in the gathering speed and penetra- ware-houses. African girls linger tive power of those impulses of in the shadows-young girls, quiet- trade and development which are ly dressed in a too perfect imita- cutting away the foundations of tion of European fashion, quietly the old social structure. That Af- talking together, quietly watching, rican women can be led from the quietly waiting in the shadow un- petty slavery and spiritual dead- til the moment comes for a swift ness of a heathen compound into gesture and a low word. Thus do the life and dignity of a Christian some women of Africa accommo- home is certain. Christ's words date themselves to the New Day, were never more manifest than in exchanging the crowded market- Africa today: "I am come that places where their mothers sit hour they might have life, and have it after hour behind little piles of more abundantly." That it is an yam, little heaps of glowing enterprise worthy of any sacrifice peppers, little rolls of printed is equally certain to those who live cloth-all for the gain of a few in Africa and see Christ's words pennies and the love of gossip and coming true in the lives of those the zest of bargaining-exchang- around them; Whether it will be ing the daylight market-place for done widely enough and swiftly this dingy traffic of the night. For enough is a question which only the centuries African women have home churches can answer. been bought and sold. Small won-

der then if too much freedom clot of dark blood into the bowl.

means only the freedom to sell The girl sits dumbly, showing no themselves. interest in my arrival. She is suf- *** fering like an animal, without It is afternoon in the mazes of understanding and without com- Onitsha town, and though I do not plaint. This is Aku-eke (Sunday know it, I am standing near the Fruit), and her baby is two days door of Aku-eke, at the entrance to old. A younger girl holds up the a new friendship. I have lost my baby by one arm for me to inspect. way among the labyrinthine paths In spite of the mother's illness the and passages of this great Interior baby has not been neglected. It is settlement, and I know no better carefully rubbed all over with soot, course than to wander about until with special attention to the hair I find it again. An old man comes and eyes. The cord has been out of a gateway and beckons me to smeared with thick red palm-oil, come in. I follow through the low and is collecting every available door and find myself in a court- particle of dust and dirt. It will yard surrounded by high mud not be allowed to touch the walls. A ,roof had been built in- mother's breast for another ward from the wall and the shelter twenty-four hours, but its nurse thus provided partitioned oft' in- will frequently pour down its proto open cells for the chief's family. testing throat a deluge of doubt- He himself lives in a house of fully clean water, desisting only several rooms blocking the court- when the babe chokes violently yard at the rear. He has thus only enough to convince her of its satis- to recline on his front veranda in faction. The mother's face order to see into the private ap- brightens for a moment when I partment of each of his wives, and take the baby to admire. The old to see anyone entering or leaving father is delighted. He remarks the compound. This is a common many times that God has done design and its advantages are well. I beg him to let me take the obvious. A strategic position is es- mother and child to a mission hos- sential to the head of a polygamous pital five miles away, but Aku-eke household. The old man leads me rouses enough to protest in terror to one of the cells and points to its that she will not go. As I leave I occupants, asking me if I have any ask the father to take care of his medicine for his wife who is ill. A newest daughter and see that cer- girl is sitting on the floor, one leg tain things are done for her that I stretched out to the ministrations have suggested. He replies serious- of an ancient woman who crouches ly that that is the work of God. If beside her. The thigh is badly God wills that the baby should live swollen and gashed in several it will live. It is not in man's places with shallow festering knife power to protect a child. I go away cuts. A small horn is being used wondering if it might not be in in one place for cupping. A bowl woman's power to give the poor of thick dark blood stands near by mite a bath, and coming next day on the floor. As I watch, the old with soap and boiled water, I prove woman sets her mouth to the born to my own satisfaction that it is.

and after a few moments of suc- But God does more. He arouses an tion removes it and shakes another intense interest in my operations

in the hearts of its relatives-so lows and blues are enchanting. much so that this baby is being Never have I seen a house so exregularly bathed to this day, and pressive of gaiety and good humor. flourishes exceedingly. Yet I think the old man was right. Surely no Next door to it is the school human power could have saved a where Margaret's husband, as child alive in the midst of the in- bead-master, rules the destinies of describable dirt, ignorance, and about two hundred boys, nine girls, zeal with which it was being and half a dozen young assistant tended. teachers. They are short of teachers, and Margaret is trying *** to make up her mind to take one of the infant classes. We talk about It is morning at Margaret's this bold project and encourage her house. Early morning and no time as much as we dare. Margaret is a for visitors, but Margaret's house slim girl with shining eyes and a is already in order and ready to pioneering spirit. She taught inreceive us, though she did not know fants very successfully when she we were coming. The house is a herself was at school, and would three-roomed mud building with like to do so again, but no woman two long, narrow rooms at each in the Ibo country has ever taught side, a veranda between them and school after marriage before. Her a shallow central room at the back. husband comes to greet us, and sits The roof is thatched and neatly on the veranda wall while we talk. ceiled with grass mats. Margaret He is actually encouraging her to is an inovator: instead of having do this unheard of thing. Only she her house rubbed with clay-water must be free to give up her work until its rich red walls and floors in time for the next baby. The shine like old glazed pottery-and present baby is nine months old this is very beautiful-she has and very lovely. His mother spread stained the floors and a 12-inch a mat for him on the floor when we border around the walls jet black. arrived and he has been sitting Above that the walls are chalked there ever since, looking into the to a snowy whiteness, and finished matter of a woolen ball very at the top with another border of seriously for minutes on end, and black. Cherry and white curtains then suddenly clapping his hands flap gaily at Margaret's windows, and going into ecstasies of and she has taken the same mate- chuckles. We cannot wonder that rial to make cushions for her his parents feel another baby after chairs. The home-made deck chair this pattern is essential. frames are slung with native woven cloth, so white that it must It is time for us to go, and they have been washed yesterday. The are grieved because there is no many tables are spread with white "cola" to offer us. "But I have crocheted cloths of intricate pat- corn in my garden," .says Marterns, and bear an incredible number of neatly framed photographs. garet. "Won't you take some of There is also on each table a vase the new ears for your dinner toof artificial flowers. These flowers night?" In front of the house are ought to be deplorable, but against neat little farm patches of corn that dazzling back-ground of black and yam and beans, with borders and white their clear reds and yel- of pineapples and bright cratons. Part of this is Margaret's, part of

it belongs to the teachers, and a where the stillness is being broken large patch is the school garden by something more than these where the children work. Mar- small and casual noises. There is garet goes to her own plot and rhythm in the air-a young and raises her slim round arms to light-footed rhythm, bewitching pluck the highest ear from a tall the quiet evening into the gaiety stalk. Her dress is a medley of of a dance. We wander down the orange and brown and gold; the hill towards the farthest house, and cloth bound round her head is rose watch a dozen unconscious children and dull blue. The sun pours down skipping through the measures of upon her, and as she stands there a country dance. The gramaphone in the brightness, her small head from which they have learned this thrown back, her smiling face up- game is far away at the Principal's raised, her dark eyes opening fear- house, silent in its box, but no lessly upon the full glory of the African has any difficulty in re- morning, she seems to me the per- producing a tune to his own satis- fect picture of all our hopes. Here faction at least. They dance, and in the heart of a bush town-a as they dance they sing a wordless town famous for its revolting tune, an ancient innocent tune-a practices and shunned even by its play-tune from the childhood of heathen neighbors-youth and another race. Their bare feet lilt honest joy and simple faith and through the measures, their young serviceable knowledge are build- bodies sway and drift in the cur- ing a home: a home so simple that rent of their song. Delight is in the wildest bush man comes with- their faces and in the freedom of out hesitation to sit sociably on its their tread. However close the doorsteps; a home so gay and rhythm, however perfect the time, cleanly that the dullest bush girl these dancers are free. No single must look upon it with wonder and soul beats through their separate with hope. bodies; no hypnotic rapture welds *** them into one. A moment, two It is a golden afternoon in the moments, three precious moments early rains. Sunlight falters down left before the bell. The bell rings; through bright floods of air, and the dancers fall apart like scatterthe trees on St. Monica's hilltop. ing leaves. Two moments more and Six-o'clock quiet is upon the they are all standing with bowed compound, for chattering crowds heads around their table. As we of girls have already returned up walk back up the hill there breaks the water-path from their evening forth, first from one house, then bath and are now scattered to their from another, a song of blessing: various "houses" for the half hour "Father of gifts and all things good, before supPer. They will be sitting We thank Thee for our daily food; in little groups on the ground or in Giver of life to all that live, the verandas of their houses, sew- 0, bless the lives that Thou dost ing, talking, laughing, after a day give."

full every moment with lessons or work or games. A few busy ones .:- of(': rI'he writt'l"'S only experience of Africa are preparing the food for supper, has been in Southern Nigeria. Many general and laying out plates on the tables statf'm(>nts made above, may not, therefore, be in each dining room. Yet some- true of other parts of the continf'Ilt. Condi- tions in Nigeria are spe~ially favorable to native development, as it is a regi(JIl wIdell will nev{'r attract white cOlonists.-E. M. 'V.

UNTOUCHED AFRICAN TRIRF.-SO~[E LUIMBI P~]OPLE. N E AR THE

SPIRITUAL SELF SUPPORT IN AFRICA BY REV. J. T. TUCKER, D.D., Bela Vista, Angola AUTHOR OF "DRUMS IN THE DARKNESS"

Pripcipal of Currie Institute) DQ'1ldi) Central Schools oJ th e ..ilIissions oj the A'/nc1'i can Boa,nl (uul the United Ohurch oj CWlUtda. in Angola SPREADING sycamores sur- mallets until a certain pliableness round the native head village is secured. which nestles on the hillside The village is partitioned off into from which flows a spring, the sections each having its headman source of a growing river. The esteemed for his leadership and pointed stick fence links tree to wisdom. Every house has its tree, thus encircling the whole vil- group of fetishes to guard the lage within which are the huts of heart, for houses like human bodies men, thatched pens for sheep or need special protection from unpigs or goats and a cattle kraal or seen hosts of evil. To ward off two. Long irregular and sinuous demons holy water for ceremonial paths lead to the "elombe" (chief's washings is guarded in painted quarters) and the stage of civiliza- pots placed on stout sticks by the tion reached by the inhabitants lies side of the house. To the right of revealed to the visitor as he wends the door may be seen a tiny seat of his way thither. Clothing is scant twigs on which the familiar friendand consists of a covering for the ly family spirits rest with refreshloins made either of the skins of ment available in beer poured out animals snared or taken in the on the ground, for the spirits dwell chase or of a coarse loin wrap pro- near the house underground and duced from the bark of trees thrive on beer. Suspended from soaked in water and beaten with the lintel of the door frame is a 815

hoop-like fetish of wood, such a deceased child) is eating the soul shape permitting the ingress and of the sick one and must be apegress of favorable spirits but ef- peased. A goat is named as the fectually preventing the entrance needed sacrifice and the animal is of hostile ones. forthcoming.

What should be the ideal of The inference seems plain. If a Christian work among a commu- non-Christian native can find the nity with such· an environment? wherewithal to meet his supposed For the individual, Christ-like spiritual necessities arising from character alone is adequate. On the fetish beliefs, support of the work collective side nothing less than a of the Gospel is not an impossibilvigorous self-directing church suf- ity. Such material self-support fices. These principles involve two does not exclude the need for forkinds of self-support neither of eign help in the work of evangelizwhich is first in order of time for in~ Africa. The whole Dark Conthey move together like the two tinent.is in flux, and native. life is sides of a door. Material self- being' changed by the advent of support on a higher scale for him- white invaders with such rapidity self and family and spiritual self- that it is difficult for newlysupport in his new soul venture awakened peoples to adjust themand worship must be sought. Can selves to the situation thus thrust these be attained? Is it reasonable upon them. The period of transithat a native, the value of whose tion brought about by external property including house, gardens, forces demands outside guidance fields and animals may not exceed and help. twenty dollars should be expected to support and propagate the new Offerings are relatively large in Word which has come to him? The many native Christian villages. Government head-tax like a sword Buildings of adobe and thatch of Damocles, hangs over his head. which serve as school and chapel -Can he scrape up another penny accommodating from sixty to six for the good of his soul? hundred, are erected by native Christians themselves without help An answer is ready, coming from the central missions. Of through native religious customs. equal importance in the life of the A baby is sick and the magic doc- church is the disposition of the tor is bidden. The divining basket weekly offerings made by the nais produced, the animal skin is tive church itself without veto or placed on the ground and divining direction by the missionary. rattles are handed to three or four helpers sitting among the crowd But material self-support is only which forms a circle with the a part of the task. Spiritual selfwitch doctor, who has donned his support is a deeper and more professional paraphernalia. Pay- searching test. The living forces ment for the ceremony is made on of the Gospel in touch with dying the spot; a chicken perhaps or heathenism, produce perplexing "fingers" of rubber or a ball of problems of conduct. Is the nawax, or if the case be an important tive church spiritually equal to the one a small pig or a goat is test? Decisions imposed by misbrought. The divination reveals sionaries are external to the native that an "okapokopoko" (spirit of mind and hence partake of an arbitrary nature. The native

SPIRITUAL SELF SUPPORT IN AFRICA

Christian must apprehend the counsel. Ngandi is "put to one underlying reason for all decisions side" ; the catechumens class is and make such decisions himself. forbidden him until he shall re- This is a crucial test for the native pent. "Have no fellowship with church. Is the church to be a tot- the unfruitful works of darkness" tering structure propped up by is quoted. Here is a church memmissionary spiritual support, or is ber who secretly secured a fetish; it to be a living native tree which, he is forbidden access to the Lord's though enriched by contributions Table. "Ye cannot drink the cup from outside forces, yet sends its of the Lord and the cup of deroots deep down into the native soil mons," is remembered. Or here is A STOCKADE VILLAGE-RECENTLY OPENED TO CH[{I~'l'IAN ~CHOOI,S (Chief at Right) from which it draws its suste- a case wherein a business deal leads nance? to over-reaching a brother. "De- fraud not" is quoted. Apostolic The church among the Ovim- precepts all and precepts written bundu in Angola, offers a field for as if for the African Church today. observation. Here is a church Such living precepts leap up bemeeting presided over by the na- fore the community of the newly tive pastor with no missionary redeemed for the New Testament present. Representatives are pres- throbs with spiritual vitality and ent from all branch schools. A is life-giving to the church bringconversation on the work of God is ing it into touch with the Living initiated and each several elder Christ without which contact, all reports on his Christian village or else is vain. The Living Christ on the general work of the district. guides His Church. Then come acts of discipline and 4

Mohammed's truth lay in a holy Book, the Holy Spirit sets a new standard Christ's in a sacred life. of sin and righteousness and dis- places unmoral elements in the old So while the world rolls on from tribal life, abolishing also evil change to change, practices which are an integral part of fetish worship. And realms of thought expand, Evangelism, the reaching out The letter stands without expanse or after new communities flows from range, the spiritual urge to share with others the priceless treasure re- Stiff as a dead man's hand; ceived in the Gospel. Herein is expressed the desire to deliver While as the life-blood fills the glow- other souls from the bondage of ing form, The Spirit Christ has shed Flows through the ripening ages fresh and warm More felt than heard or read.

TEACHERS AND PREACHFlRS IN 'rITE GRADUA'l'ING CLASS, 1928, AT DANDI INS~'ll'lI 'l'J'J, UGANDA With the acceptance of Christ as fear, a fear not confined to this life Saviour and Lord "the expulsive only, but one which goes on after power of a new affection" comes death; for spirit-ridden natives into play. The soul is set free and dread a second death in the great with spiritual self-support faith in unknown beyond, a gradual pining God abolishes the fear of demons: away into nothingness, a loss of the Heavenly Father's care becom- existence hateful to contemplate. ing a reality with deliverance from fear as a result. Faith in Christ as For spiritual self-support let a Saviour counteracts faith in prayer be offered asking that the fetish and guidance by divination native church may be "enriched in is supplanted by the sense of the all wisdom and utterance" and that Continual Presence. The new the "eyes of the heart may be en- Christian ethic under the power of lightened." (See also "Drums in the Darkness.")

W AITS*

BY W. J. W. ROOME, F.R.G.S., Kampala, Uganda Agent of the British and Poreign Bible Society tor East Central A fricn, J" Author of "Can Africa Be lVon)'> N EARLY two centuries of equatorial regions of the third en- evangelical missionary ef- tity. fort have made known the North Africa-The southern Gospel of our Lord and Saviour, line of the northern area may be Jesus Christ to multitudes of Af- taken as starting in the east from rica's one hundred and thirty-five the northern frontiers of Eritrea millions. Yet it is probably true and Abyssinia along the boundary that not one in twenty-five has line of the brown and the black ever heard this message in a lan- races, say about Renk on the Nile, guage they could comprehend. 400 miles south of Khartoun, The measure of the response of across to EI Fasher, Abecher, Lake the African, the pagan as distinct Chad, the northern frontier of from the Mohammedan, is greater Nigeria across to Timbuktu and than in any other continent or along the Niger and Senegal among any other races, save per- Rivers.

haps a few of the Pacific Islanders. In this area, Christianity is Judging from the statistics of one faced by Islam and has been ever of the larger societies a few years since the fall of the great North ago, with mission fields in many African Church, before the sword lands, we find that out of the total of Islam in the seventh and eighth expenditure of that mission for one centuries. Many trophies have year, twenty-five per cent was been won from the old Coptic spent on the African field and Church of Egypt and some from seventy-five per cent for the rest the non-Moslem races such as the of the world. In converts over the Kabyles of the Berber Family, but same period, the African field gave the actual living converts from nearly seventy-five per cent, leav- Islam to Christianity do not num- ing only twenty-five per cent for ber probably more than four hun- the rest of the mission fields. This dred between Cairo and Fez.

is a striking testimony to the value In Egypt with a population of of the African evangelization. 13,000,000 and a missionary force The continent of Africa natural- of over 350, the actual figure is ly divides into three sections for only about 150 out of a total evan- the purposes of missionary effort. gelical Christian community of The northern area from Egypt to 17,000. The proportion for Morocco; the southern area from Tripoli, Tunis, Algeria and Moroc- the Cape to the Zambezi and the co is considerably less-only some Cunune Rivers; leaving the great 250.

Much of the most successful • In the following statements, statistics are evangelistic effort in North Africa given in round figures based on the latest es- is amongst the non-indigenous timates available. In spenking of the "Chris- races, such as the various Eurotian Community" only those members who have pean immigrants and the Africans hf'come Christians us the result of missionary effort are given. This doE'S not include members of tht;;' Roman, or Eastern churches.

819

who come from the Southern tribes. ary for every 50,000 of the people, In North Africa the total popu- and the Christian community num- lation, that is for the lands from bers one in each 1,750.

Egy,pt to Senegal and including the In South Africa there is a mis- Northern (Islamic) Sudan and the sionary for every 4,250 and the Sahara, is about 35,000,000. Christian community numbers one The American and European in each twelve of the African peo- missionary force numbers some ples.

600 and the Christian community In Equatorial Africa there is a less than 20,000. missionary for every 25,000 of the In South Africa we find a land African people, and the Christian almost covered with missionary community numbers one in each effort. Overlapping is evident in 70 of the people.

many directions. The clash of de- We therefore find that there are nominationalism is bewildering to in South Africa six times as many the young convert from heathen- missionaries in proportion to pop- ism. In addition to the various ulation as there are in Equatorial societies from America and Europe Africa, and twelve times as many the native C)1ristian community is as in North Africa!

organizing societies and churches In addition to the "Foreign on its own. Ethiopianism adds to Staff" there is a "Native Staff" of the complexity of the situation. 1,250 for North Africa, of 20,000 Notwithstanding t his apparent for Equatorial Africa and no less competition, there are still many than 24,000 for South Africa.

areas with considerable population These figures give the ratio of one almost untouched. Specially is native Christian worker to each this true in Portuguese Territory. 28,000 of the inhabitants of North In the lands south of the Zam- Africa; of one to 4,500 in Equa- bezi and Cllnune Rivers, the native torial Africa, while in South population amounts to nearly ·10,- Africa there is a native Christian 000,000; the missionary force to worker for every 400 of the people.

2,300; and the Christian commu- Thus South Africa has eleven nity to 775,000. times as many native workers in IN EQUATORIAL AFRICA we find proportion to population as Equa- the regions where Christianity has torial Africa, and actually seventy been later in arriving, but also times as many as North Africa.

those areas where it has made Another feature worthy of note some of its most glorious triumphs. is that while in South Africa, the One of the greatest obstacles to the easiest field, men and women mis- onward march has been the lin- sionaries are about equal in num- guistic tangle-the confusion of bers; in Equatorial Africa there Babel. are five women to four men; while In Equatorial Africa, including in North Africa, probably the all the lands between the foregoing hardest mission field in the world, and Madagascar, there is a popula- women outnumber men by more tion of 90,000,000 with a mission- than two to one!

ary force of 3,500 and a Christian How rapid has been the progress community of 1,250,000. of the evangel in Equatorial Af- From these figures we find that rica during the last half century in North Africa there is a mission- may be gathered from a few statis-

AFRICA WAITS

.tics. In 1875, Stanley, after his kay started for Uganda. Eight stay with King Mtesa in Uganda, years later the first band of Bagansent horne an appeal for some mis- da Christians numbered 38. Tosionary. "Here, gentlemen, is your day, in the whole Protectorate of opportunity!" The appeal was Uganda there are 500,000 Chrispublished by the Daily Telegraph tians, Protestant and Catholic. on November 15, 1875, and in The Anglicans have 400 schools, April next year, Alexandar Mac- with 170,000 pupils; 2,870 places NOMR .AILAHTIC OCEAN SOU T H A TLANTI OCEAN Reference IK.DlAN ArM orEst4/Jlls/J8d AflSSlLllts.-.a OCEAN Area tJliJt lI11Qllt /)4 EJ::f/~s::. r::::J Waiting L1n~___ ….._._.?

~nSSIONARY DEVELOPME NT I N AFRICA-F R OM "CA:>I AFRICA BE WON" BY W. J. W. R OOME

of worship and 70 native clergy- on a Sanitary Board, and takes the canons and rural deans among chair at missionary meetings in them. the Wesleyan Church. Then a In October, 1875, the pioneers Wesleyan chapel was built under of the Livingstonia Mission the shadow of the "execution tree".

steamed into Lake Nyasa. When N ow a great college solidly. built the jubilee was celebrated in 1925, of stone, has been erected by the the mission reported a EUropean Wesleyans on land given by the staff of 77, a native staff of 1,120, Ashanti Chiefs, and with money not including 1,551 teachers, a largely contributed by the people.

Christian community of 58,861. The total extent of the Christian There were 772 schools, 43,492 church in Africa, including Mada- primary and middle school pupils, gascar and the outlying islands, at besides 126 college and high school the present time, may be gathered students. One member of the from the following. * original band-Dr. Robert Laws- Missionary force, 6,289. Resident Stahas recently retired after 52 years tions, 1,403. Native Staff, 43,181. (Of of service. Few living men have these 2,021 are ordained and 2,656 are witnessed such changes as he has women.) Organized churches, 10,592. seen in the life of a people. Communicants added during the year, The Nyasaland Mission of the 67,946. Christian Community, 2,629,437. Church of Scotland, started a year Communicants, 1,015,683. Baptised nonlater, now numbers 15,000 baptised Christians, 300 schools with 15,000 communicants, 812,723. Total baptised, pupils. A few years later (1878), the English Baptists commenced 1,830,582. Others under Christian in- struction, 721,421. Sunday-schools, 8,- 892. Sunday-school teachers and pupils, 540,896. Native contributions to church work over £.300,000. Elementary schol- ars, 900,000.

their mission near the mouth of We thus find that the present the Congo. Subsequently, they Christian Church represents 2 per carried that work for nearly 2,000 cent of the total population, and miles along that mighty river and one in thirty of the possible schol- now they report 102 foreign ars is under Christian instruction.

agents; 914 African workers (679 From this we must take courage of them paid by the Native and press forward to the unevan- Church) a Christian community gelized peoples. About 195 mis- of 33,889; 992 elementary and sionary soc i e tie s are active other schools, (including four throughout the continent or a ratio training and eleven industrial in- of one society for each 700,000 of stitutions) with 28,335 pupils. the population. Again to take In 1896 British officers saw the these ratios for our three divisions grove at Kunasi where the remains of Africa we find that North of human sacrifices were flung; Africa has one society for each "the ground here was found cov- 925,000 people, Equatorial Africa, ered with skulls and bones of hun- one society for each 750,000 and dreds of victims". King Prempeh, South Africa a separate society for exiled after the war of 1895-6, re- each 140,000.

turned in 1925 as a private citizen Most societies have recognized and a Christian to the city which spheres that extend far beyond the no longer deserves the epithet power of their present forces to "bloody". He who once presided over human sacrifices now serves '" Ii'"i,gut'ps are from the lVarld J1issio-nary A Hus, ID25.

AFRICA WAITS

adequately reach. When we seek Given a sufficiently wide vision to find the areas in Africa still be- and generous consideration of comyond the bounds of prospective parative needs, the present mismissionary effort, we find they are sionary force in Africa could excomparatively few compared with tend its frontier enormously. the whole continent and of limited extent. In using the word "plethora" one cannot but think of the many Africa's Future small organizations that are crowd·· ing into fields already planned for, Africa is being rapidly mapped if not at the moment actually occuout for future evangelization, and pied, while vast areas remain unprobably all the unreached areas thought of and uncared for. could be incorporated within the spheres of existing missionary so- In order to clear our vision and cieties. so enable us to see something of the comparative needs of the dif- Africa is suffering, one uses the ferent countries of Africa, let us word advisedly, from a plethora of look at a table of figures for the missionary societies. With all the mission fields of Uganda, Nyasaurgent need for re-inforcements, land, the Congo and Madagascar it is not new societies, but the and compare them in ratio with strengthening of existing agencies Africa as a whole for the year that is needed. Also we need a 1925, the last year for which commore equitable distribution of the plete figures are available. societies. In Nyasaland for 1,120,- 000 inhabitants there are nine so- We also give a table for ratio to cieties. In Northern Rhodesia population. To find a proportional there are thirteen societies for basis for estimating the compar- 900,000 people, while in Uganda, ative advance of missionary work excluding the small area of the in each area we need to take a ratio West Nile in association with the to population. In the attached Africa Inland Mission in the Con- schedule Table C, we can see this go, there is only one society, The comparison at a glance. To illus- Church Missionary Society, for trate this, take the items giving the 2,275,000 people. That society, "parish" of each missionary; in however, has already reached about ten to twelve per cent of the total Nyasa this would be 3,800; in population. In Ruanda and Ur- Madagascar, 12,000; in the Congo, undi, under Belgian Mandate, 18,000 and in Uganda 27,000. We there is a total population of some see also that Nyasa has seven times 4,500,000 and only three small so- as many missionaries in proporcieties with lot combined missionary tion to population as Uganda has. force of fifteen! From these tables we find the There are tribes numbering less following results for Uganda. Tothan 50,000 to which the whole ef- tal population, 23 per 1,000 for the fort of a society is devoted, while whole of Africa, missionaries 17, away in West Africa, on the stra- resident stations 13, Christian tegic line of the Moslem Menace, community 55, communicants 46 there is a tribe-the Mosse-num- (during the year 230), churches bering 1,550,000 to whom the first 21, Sunday-Schools 0, pupils 0, out- Christian missionary has only re- stations 132, native staff 111, orcently gone. dained natives 34, unordained 118,

TABLE A Missionary Statistics for Total of Africa, and for Uganda, Nwyiatshalsaonmd~ and Congo. Figures based on World Miss ionary Atlas 1925 revision for the several countries. '

Population …………….. . Africa Uganda Nyasaland Congo Missionaries (total staff') … . Stations ………………. . 135,000,000 3,000,000 1,120,000 12,000,000 Christian Community ……. . 6,289 112 295 653 Communicants …………. . 1,403 19 40 121 Communicants Added During 2,629,437 145,617 107,388 100,000 year ……………… . 1,015,683 46,963 55,000 58,639 Churches ……………… . 67,946 15,616 7,000 9,259 Sunday-Schools ………… . 10,952 232 85 326 .988 Pupils in Sunday-Schools … . 8,982 o 105 Outstations other than Churches 540,896 o 15,575 59,802 Native Staff' …………… . 2,744 Native Ordained Men ……. . 18,232 2,414 2,000 4,528 Native Unordained Men ….. . 43,181 4,825 1,750 5 Native Women …………. . 4,300 Schools ……………….. . 2,021 70 21 223 Total under instruction ….. . 38,126 '4,505 1,723 2,540 2,656 16,938 250 6 74,632 926,793 2,639 1,904 137,000 100,000 TABLE B Showing Ratio per Thousand of the African Totals Population ………… . Africa Uganda Nyasaland Congo ltladagascar Missionaries (total staff) Stations …………… . 1,~00 23 8 90 26 Christian Community … . 17 47 104 47 Communicants ……… . 13 29 53 Communicants During Year 55 41 85 136 46 54 38 143 Churches ………….. . 230 102 57 86 Sunday-Schools ……… . 136 Pupils in Sunday-Schools . 21o 8 28 240 Outstations …………. . o 12 110 270 28 110 135 Native Staff' ………. .. 132 109 150 16 Ordained Men ………. . 111 42 125 Unordained Men ……. . 10 105 351 Women ……………. . 34 45 Schools ……………. . 118 2 2 114 Total under Instruction 113 28 94 108 113 21 156 84 31 148 150 80 TABLE C Showing Ratio to Population for the Respective Countries.

Uganda Nyasaland Congo Madagascar Missionaries ………………… . 27,000 3,800 18,370 12,000 Stations ……………………. . 158,000 28,000 100,000 48,000 Christian Community …………. . Communicants ………………. . 21 10 120 10 Communicants Received During Year 64 25 Churches ……………… . 190 20 205 600 Sunday-Schools .. 12,900 1,400 Pupils ……………… . 160 1.300 1,500 Outstations …………. . o o 13,175 37,000 48 Native Staff ………… . 10,666 1,200 12,500 Native Ordained Men …….. . 1,243 Native Unordained Men …… . 621 70 200 660 Native Women …………… . 5,000 ~chools …………………. . 43,000 560 4,400 665 826 Total under Instruction ……….. . 633 2,650 47.000 12,000 10,000 1,137 53,300 2,400.000 22 120 650 2,790 186,000 53,000 588 4,700 11 160

AFRICA WAITS

women 94, schools 156, total under against a 1,000 for Africa as a instruction 148. whole, so that actually more than For Nyasaland we have the fol- one third of the total churches of lowing ratio per thousand of the Africa are to be found in the Island African totals. With 8 per 1,000 of Madagascar.

of the population for Africa, there From the tables we also see that are 47 missionaries, 29 stations, 41 with reference to native staff there Christian communities, 54 com- is a remarkably similar proportion municants, 102 baptized during in Uganda, Nyasa and Madagascar the year, 8 churches, 12 schools, 25 of one native worker to 620, 633, pupils, 109 out-stations, 42 native and 660 of the people, with the staff, 10 ordained men, 45 unor- Congo rising to 2,750. In the pro- dained, 2 women, 113 schools and vision of churches, we find Mada- 108 per 1,000 under instruction. gascar has one for each 1,400 of the In the Congo we find that with total population and in Uganda one ninety per 1,000 of the African for 12,900, Nyasa 13,175, and the population there are 104 per 1,000 Congo one for each 37,000. In Sun- of the missionaries and eighty-five day-Schools, Madagascar has a of the mission stations, 150 out- pupil for each 48 of the people, stations and 150 of the schools, while Uganda has none officially with eighty per thousand under in- recognized as such. Here we see struction. the effect of administrative policy.

The figures for Madagascar are In Uganda all the week-day in- twenty-six per 1,000 of the total struction is based on religious population of Africa, 47 mission- teaching. In Madagascar that is aries, 53 stations, 136 Christian prohibited, hence the necessity for communities, 86 members received the Sunday-School.

during the year, 240 churches, 270 If it is impossible for existing Sunday-Schools, 135 pupils in Sun- organizations to reach the outlying day-Schools, 16 out-stations, 125 areas in a reasonable time, others native staff, 351 ordained natives, of course who can do so, should 114 unordained, 28 women, 21 hasten forward for their evangel- schools, with 31 per 1,000 under in- ization. struction. In comparing these three coun- Unreached Peoples tries, we find the following inter- We now give the main locations esting items: Uganda has 148 of the unreached peoples of Africa scholars out of every 1,000 in in a brief summary. Naturally Africa, or one seventh of the whole the boundaries of such areas cannumber for the entire continent, not be clearly defined as some diswhile Nyasaland has 108 per 1,000. tricts may already be under in- In Sunday-Schools, Madagascar, vestigation by missionary societies.

has no less than 270 to the 1,000 for In North Africa we find that Africa and 240 churches, so that present missionary effort scarcely practically a quarter of the whole reaches beyond a hundred miles number of churches in Africa are from the coast, except in a few to be found in Madagascar, and isolated instances. This leaves a when we consider the ordained na- solid block of 1,000 miles east and tive staff, we have the remarkable west, from the Gulf of Gables in figure of 351 for Madagascar Tunis to Cape Ghir in Morocco and

about 250 miles north and south. Kondoa Irangi. In the southeast Tripoli also is practically an un- there is a large area centering reached land. In Egypt, the cita- around Mahenge, and on to Songea. In the west, the area west of longdel of Islam, there are some 500 itude 32 East to the shores of Lake towns with a population .of over Tanganyika is quite unreached by 5,000 that have never yet had a Protestant, but Roman missions resident evangelist, either white or are in force. brown. In the Northern Sudan and the Sahara are over 3,000,000 In Belgian Congo there are four of the most fanatical Moslems that waiting areas. The eastern area constitute a challenge to the Chris- from the present work of the Baptian Church. tist Missionary Society in Maganga to the boundary of the Uganda Di- In Eritrea the northern area is ocese and south to the missions in largely unevangelized. the Kivu, Lowa area. The central area embraces 20 to 24 east long- In Abys~inia we find a largely itude, and 1 to 4 south latitude unreached land with ten million to centering around Lisolka. Also eleven million. Existing missions the small area south of the river are stretching out from the capital Ubangi and east of 26 east longimainly to .the southwest, leaving tude and south to the sphere of the most of the northern, northwest- Baptist Missionary Society; from ern and southeastern sections the Lualaba River to Lake Tanquite without a gospel messenger. ganyika and south of the Albert- ville Kabalo Railway on to the Somaliland. The three Soma- sphere of the Garanganze Mission. lilands, French, Italian and British are quite unreached except for the In French Chari-Chad Territory, Swedish Mission in the Kismaya east of the main trade route from District in the extreme south. Fort Possel on the River Ubangi on to Fort Archambault and along Kenya. The northern section the River Shari, there is a limited from the Tana River and Lake population waiting. Rudolf to the Abyssinian frontier is still waiting. In this area are In Kamerun, all the area east of many virile tribes, partly nomadic, 12 east longitude, except prospec- tive spheres of Swedish Mission, and inhabiting a difficult country. and the Christian and Missionary The Government of Kenya has re- Alliance to the south. cently issued a call to the missionary societies to go in and occupy Nigeria North. The Northern Frontier from Lake Chad to the Marsabit District. Sokoto, if permission can be ob- Uganda. All the area is pros- tained for work amongst Moslems. The four Northern Provinces, alpectively planned for, but so far no most entirely Islamic, are Bornu, one has been able to reach the wild, with 760,000 people, Kano with semi-nomadic tribes in the north- 3,440,000, Sokoto with 1,695,000 east corner of the country. The and Kontagora with 187,000. For area between Mount Elgon and this solid block of over 6,000,000 Lake Rudolf and on to the north there are only a dozen missionaries along the western frOntier of in a few isolated spots. Abyssinia. Gold Coast. The Northern Ter- In Tanganyika there are three large waiting sections. The northern from the Masai Steppe down to Gogol and centering around

AFRICA WAITS

ritories of the Gold Coast and Islam or Rome. Within the spheres Togoland, including the bend of the of the existing missionary societies River Niger. there are probably over 50,000,000 to whom the Gospel story has never Dahomey. Almost un reached. yet been given in a language in- Ivory Coast. Almost unreached. telligently understood by the peo- Guinea Coasts-French and Portugese. Almost unreached. APOLO AND HIS PIG)IY ~'RIENDS Liberia. Missionary effort only penetrates a short distance from pie. Within these still waiting the coast. The great hinterland is areas there may be 30,000,000 peoa waiting area. ple absolutely beyond the reach of Senegal and the Niger Territory prospective missionary effort. If and on to Mauritania are mostly America, and Protestant Europe waiting lands. with England, will awake to their Sierra Leone. There are still needs, the Story of the Cross may waiting lands on the northeastern yet reach them in this generation. frontier. Rio de Oro is quite unreached. In the meanwhile it is all too Angolo.The northeast and sadly true-AFRIcA WAITS! southern regions still wait. Portuguese East Africa. The Mozambique and Tete areas, except for the few openings on the west from Nyasaland, are largely unreached. Nyasaland and Rhodesia are both practically occupied, though there are still some isolated areas in the latter.

Madagascar. The territory in the north between Mandritsara and Diego-Suarez. Both of these stations are occupied, but the central lands between, still wait; also the west central area around Milaya District is still waiting.

Comoro Islands. A small but important community. on four small islands quite cut off from evangelistic effort.

In some of the foregoing areas, Protestant Missions are now prospecting. In others it may be found that the way is blocked by Here is the experience of an old African woman: "I am an old, old woman, too old to learn anything, but I know I am a sinful woman before God. and that Jesus died to save me from my sins. I believe this." This woman walked from her town six miles away on four different days so as to be sure to be present when candidates for baptism were examined – forty-eight miles on her poor old feet.

TEACHING WAITING AFRICANS THE GOSPEl.

fOR WORK!

HOW TO STUDY AFRICA mance and adventure, of exploration and discovery; learn the names of the By REV. THOMAS S. DONOHUGH, N. Y. noble men and women who have given themselves to the solution of the prob- Roa.rd 01 Fareign i}Iission8 oj the j[ethodi.'ft lems of the great Dark Continent.

Rpiscopal, Chu~'ch Lest you be overwhelmed, start very simply-you may prefer to take the One would go far to find a subject new mission study books with the of more fascinating variety. Consider collateral reading, and form a group the immense size of Africa, its stra- to study Africa. There is no better tegic location, its sweep from the way to begin, with authors, texts, Mediterranean clear across the equa- maps and helps carefully selected on tor to the South Temperate Zone. Or broad lines for those who are interthink of its vast wealth in raw mate- ested in Africa from the Christian or rial, the range of its beauty, the diver- missionary point of view. But you sity and interest of its amazing animal may want to go deeper and do somelife, the unsolved mysteries, absorbing thing individual. We have seen nothproblems, and pathos of its primitive ing better as an introduction than peoples, the challenge of its racial "The Partition & Colonization of antagonisms, its devastating and Africa," a series of talks to teachers, grievous diseases. Africa, also fur- by Sir Charles Lucas, published by the nishes what many believe is the sever- Clarendon Press, Oxford. It would be est test of the values of the religions difficult to improve upon this clear, and civilizations which have converged succinct presentation of the major upon it, and perhaps the final test of facts about Africa. the power and universality of Christianity. A ml..n or woman must study Africa to be well informed upon some of the greatest questions which en- Along with it read "The Opening gage the attention of thinking people Up of Africa," by another great autoday. thority, Sir Harry H. Johnston, one How shall one approach a subject of the Home University Library so comprehensive, so complicated'! It series, published by Henry Holt & seems presumptuous to suggest solu- Company. In the same series, "The tions, but those who have done a little Negro," by DuBois, the well-known exploring in the wilderness may report editor of The Crisis, will be of special some promising trails which may be interest because written by a man of of help to the new adventurer. African descent, and one of the ablest By all means start with a good map writers of the day.

such as that in the "World Atlas of If these three little books do not Christian Missions," and keep it be- "open up Africa" and make you eager fore you as you read. Locate the places referred to until Africa is as to go on, you are quite hopeless and familiar as the United States or Eu- might as well stop I Let me warn rope and you no longer confuse Cala- you-you are starting on a long, long bar and Malabar, Guinea, New trail which grows in fascination as Guinea and Guiana! Then look over you get deeper and deeper into the the books in some good library and mystery, the struggle, the challenge see the wealth of literature, of ro- of this great land and its abused, de- pendent, lovable, capable, people.

829

Now a maze of paths confront us. made by the Educational Commission Which shall we take? of the Phelps-Stokes Fund, led by Dr. Thomas Jesse Jones, whose reports Those who wish to investigate the on "Education in Africa" and "Edurelation and responsibility of Chris· cation in East Africa" present contianity to Africa, will appreciate ditions and suggest solutions which Donald Fraser's "Future of Africa," are commanding the closest attention (a mission study book published in of Government and mission boards. London in 1911) and Miss Mac· The publication of these reports has Kenzie's charming studies, "An Af· led to a series of conferences on rican Trail" and "African Adven- Africa culminating in the one held at turers." It is no wonder that Dr. LeZoute, Belgium, in 1926, under the Fraser and Miss MacKenzie have been auspices of the International Missionchosen to write the new mission study ary Council. The report of this conbooks for the current year. ference is of unusual value. These will open up new fields. We Lest we become involved in too deep must consider Africa's relation to the a study, try a new approach. One of Great War, the big unsolved questions the most fascinating ways to 'know which emerge as a result and which Africa is through missionary biwe ought to know as citizens of the ography. "The Personal Life of David world and of the Kingdom of God. Livingstone," by Blaikie has been the lighted pathway for many a life right Nowhere is the race problem so into the heart of Africa. Others have acute as in South and East Africa. entered with "The Mofi'ats," with Read Prof. Willoughby's "Race Prob- "Stewart of Lovedale," "Coillard of lems in the New Africa," and Dr. Leys the Zambezi," "Grenfell of the Congo," "Kenya" as illustrations. "Africa, with "Mary Slessor of Calabar," Slave or Free" by Harris, shows how "Mackay of Uganda," and "Pilkingslavery has been succeeded by forced ton," "Laws of Livingstonia," or labor, and the two great volumes by "Mackenzie of South Africa." Why Buell (just issued) reveal how Africa have so many of the great, thrilling looks to a representative of the De- missionary biographies come out of partment of Government at Harvard Africa? That is worth studying. University. Of course you will want to know From the missionary point of view more about Prince Henry and a most notable contribution has been da Gama, who first adventured along the coast, Mungo Park, Bruce, Barth, and Stanley and many others who braved the hardships of the unknown interior. Then came Cecil Rhodes in the South, and Gordon, Kitchen and Cromer in the North, and other giants whose names spell the growth of Em- pire in Africa, as well as 'those of Johnston, Lugard, Guggisburg, Lyau- try, and other great men who have served nobly to bring peace, order and justice in the trusteeship of African dominion.

This is all romantic, and also real study. If you want some delightful entertainment on the side try "Prester John" by John Buchan, and see what that does to you. If you too want to be deceived, like the gifted authoress,

METHODS FOR WORKERS

borrow "Trader Horn" but for the through great works like Junod's real thing read Naussau's "Fetichism "Life of a South African Tribe," in West Africa" and see the differ- Roscoe's "Baganda" or Smith's "Ila ence. Speaking Peoples." A tlemendous literature opens up, much of it the Of course you know "Beau Geste," -work of missionaries and colonial ad- and other stories by Wren, marvelous ministrators who have spent their pictures of the French Foreign Legion lives among the people of whom they write so absorbingly. Among the AFRICA most fascinating are the studies in West Africa by Mary H. Kingsley, and AREA,IZ,OOO.OOO SQ H. the works of Ellis and Kidd; the re- cent "Golden Stool" by E. W. Smith, and the Desert, another realm of this and "Liberia, Old and New" by Sibley wonderful Africa. Wallace's "Man and Westermann. Wherever you wish from Morocco" and Mason's "The to wander you will find these illumi- Winding Stair" are other thrillers. nating studies essential to an under- Of course there is also all of Egypt standing of the people of Africa, their and Tutankhamen, the explorations past, their present and their future. around Carthage, and the mystery of Zimbabwe farther south, Kano and There is very much more that one Timbuctoo on the West, and on and on must leave to the encyclopedia or into the sunset and dreamland, as government reports to which we refer Africa grows and grows. these who want figures. Still we are on the outside looking in. Who are these marvelous people anyway! Johnston and DuBois have No books, no pictures even as fine opened the way into this greatest as "Simba" or the records of modern theme of African study, the very heart explorers, can satisfy those who want of the continent. to study deeply into Africa. You must listen to the soft voices and the Begin at the bottom if you wish, with the pygmies, and come up with AFRICA the Bushmen and the Hottentots until you meet the Bantus who chased them mJ=l~W into the woods and nearly into obliv- ~ ion. You will learn that the Bantu is not a tribe, but a great language throb of the drums from across the group, using some 300 allied tongues. seas and crown your study with a real You are meeting some of the strongest African tour or many of them, or best races on earth when you are intro- of all enlist in the noble company of duced to big chiefs like Chaka, Loben- those who have given themselves for gula, and Khama. There is no better the Master's sake that Africa might way to study the people of Africa than be redeemed.

ABOUT AFRICA'

North Africa (including Egypt), has forty million people, mostly Mo- hammedans. South Africa has ten million people, many of them nom- inally at least, Christian. Between them is the great mass of ninety million blacks of pagan Africa.

Africa, has an area of 11,500,000 square miles, one-fourth the ter- ritory of the globe, almost four times the area of the United States.

Africa has three times the area of China, one-third her population, and a far greater wealth of raw material.

The coast line of Africa is equal to the earth's circumference.

Liberia, a Negro Republic, with 2,000,000 people, is three times the size of Holland.

Portuguese East Africa is eight times the size of Portugal; the French Congo is three times the size of France; the Belgian Congo is seventy-nine times the size of Belgium and has twice the population; British East Africa is five times the size of England.

Cairo, Africa's greatest city, has a population of 791,000 and contains 430 Mohammedan mosques.

Half the gold in the world is thought to lie buried in Africa.

The annual output of the Kimberley diamond mines is about $25,000,- 000, ninety per cent of the world's output of diamonds.

The copper fields of Africa are greater than those of North America and Europe combined and its iron ore exceeds that of North America.

Africa has 800,000 square miles of coal fields hardly touched as yet.

In 1882 the export of cocoa from the Gold Coast was valued at $20; today it is valued at $15,000,000.

Before the Moslem invasion, North Africa had 40.000 Christian churches but in 696 A.D., Moslem Arabs overran the country.

The Berbers, who comprise 75 per cent of the people of North Africa, still have in their folklore stories of the cross and the Christ of their an- cestors. They are therefore more easily reached than other Moslems.

In Egypt, only three women on an average, out of 1,000 can read or write. The deaths of infants under one year of age in Egypt are 31 per cent of the total native deaths. One person in every ninety in Egypt is totally blind.

Ignorance, superstition, poverty, neglect, are the inheritance of the pagan African. .

Hundreds of thousands of natives are 100 to 200 miles from the nearest trained physician. The "witch doctor" is both physician and priest to the African.

Every Mohammedan trader from the north is a potential missionary for his religion among the Central Africa blacks.

The white man is in Africa seeking gold, diamonds, ivory, rubber, cotton, hides, oils, copper, tin, wool.

Rum and commercialized prostitution are the two blights that the white man has brought to Africa; the latter is far more dangerous than native polygamy.

… Interesting information on the country and significant facts of foreign mission progress. Revised from a leaflet prepared by the Methodist Episcopal Church, Committee on Const'rvation and Advance, Chicago, Ill.

832

main railroad lines penetrate the heart of Africa: the Cape-to-

Cairo, one from the Indian Ocean on the east, one from the Atlantic by the Congo River route. Three great missionary problems claim the attention and resources of Christianity in Africa. (1) There is the vast Mohammedan population in the north, extremely difficult to reach with the message of Christ. (2) In Central Africa is the vast Negro population, with 800 languages and in thousands of tribes and hundreds of thousands of villages. They live in ignorance, superstition and poverty. (3) In the great mining regions of South Africa the Negroes come into closest contact with the worst representatives of so-called European and Christian civilization, and many become physical and moral wrecks. The solution of these problems is to be found in the acceptance of Christ and the application of his principles in the every-day life.

Despite the years of work and noble sacrifice of lives, less than 2 per cent of the vast millions in Africa are members of evangelical churches.

GROWTH OF PROTESTANT MISSIONS IN AFRICA-1914 TO 1924 Total ~o(·i{-'th·s at work, . . . 122 150 Native Stall' …….. 2{.599 4a.1~1 54 Organized Churches .. Auwric'ull Hocirtie8 …. 37 6.5H6 10,512 British " …. 3f) 3U African C'OIlUllUllicllllts 645,U5S 1,015,6"';3 Oth,-r …. 411 51 Christian COll1mullIt:v . 1.73k.201 2,62U,437 In :[ission SchooI8·.. 6S0,755 1)26.793 6,2,'-9 Pl'otet5tallt )lissionnrit·s 4,629 Medical Treatment8 .. 224),427 1.800,31)1 t'HE FRUIT OF THIRTY YEARS IN ONE MISSION In UW6, Ellsworth Faris and Dr. Harry N. Biddle w{'l'r uvpointed Inissiollarirs to Afrieu, the tirst workers selected by tht:' Disciples of Christ to take the gOt'lH'I to the Durk COlltinent. rrhe "thirty years between" show the followiJ~g frultnge: 1896 1926 Two missionaries appointed. A tropical jungle. Fifty missionaries at work. Five stations developed. Unknown territory. 461 outstations. Countless hostile neighbors. 844 preaching points. 774 native workers. A million cannibals. 2,834 baptisms last year. Children trained in evil. 14,829 Christians. 32 organized churches. Slaves of fear through ignorance. 282 Sunday-Schools. 370 Christian Endeavor Societies. Ravages of disease unimpeded. 448 day schools. 7,128 pupils. Tribute of terror to witch doctors. 4 hospitals. 73,723 treatments last year. Language never reduced to writing. $10,860 contributed last year for missionary work. 30,920 books and pamphlets printed and bound on native press in fifteen months.

833

OF THE

PRAY FOR AFRICA That those in territory still unoccupied for Christ may soon hear the Gospel and may have a mission established in their midst; That the missionaries and the native Christian workers may be faith- ful in prayer and in their Christian testimony by life and by lips; That a supernatural power of God may be given to all missionaries to penetrate beyond the barriers of race and that they may learn to think with their people, to know their spiritual needs and how to minister to them; That the loving sympathy of Christ Himself may be given to each worker in meeting the problems of superstition and ignorance which bind the soul of the animist and paralyze reason and will; and for power of the Holy Spirit to break those shackles, freeing the African for a life of service to Christ; That in all departments of missionary service, church, school, medical, and industrial, the spiritual needs of the people may always be kept in the foreground; That there may be more dependence upon divine ordination and power and less upon human organization and idealism; That the Christian spiritual forces may progress with such power that Africa may be Christian rather than Mohammedan; That the translation of the whole Bible may be continued and that funds may be supplied so that it will speedily be finished and given to the people; That more adequately prepared men and women who have "an eye single to His glory" may hear the call of God to give themselves for service in Africa to help meet the need for teachers to slake the spiritual thirst of the multitudes who are dying and who need more knowledge of God as He is revealed in Jesus Christ.

"PRAY YE THE LORD."

AFRICA AND THE KINGDOM tion of how all these materialistic OF GOD and human problems relate to God's M ULTITUDES of men and purpose and plan for man in the world. women are devoting time and They recognize the threefold relation thought to the study of ma- of man to God, to his fellow men and terial things—-ehemistry, aeronautics, to the material world in which he electricity, minerology and agricul- lives. Those who devote their efforts ture. Others are making a specialty to the promotion of Christian missions of geographical, social and economic have the broadest outlook and the most problems-exploration, hygiene, poli- vital interest in all important problems tics, finance, education· and industry; and elements of progress. They are some are giving attention to the ques- interested in exploration as a means 834

TOPICS OF THE TIMES

of discovering new fields where Christ "On the Edge of Native Mentality," by should be made known; in science as Rev. Herbert Smith, Disciples of Christ, a study of God's world and the ma- Congo Mission. terial forces and laws that may benefit mankind; in politics as the science "African Youth Today and Tomorof government and the relation of row," by Rev. Max Yergan, of the Y. men to their fellows; in hygiene and M. C. A., South Africa. education to discover the way in which men, women and children may "Secrets of Success in Central Africa," be brought nearer to God's ideal and by Rev. Charles E. Pugh, of the English may be made more useful. Baptist Mission, Equatorial Africa.

This year we study Africa in its "Is the Modern African Woman an relation to God and God's plan for Asset or Liability?" by Mrs. John M. man. It is a field of vast importance Springer of the Methodist Episcopal and unique interest because of Mission, Central Africa.

1. Its vast territory populated by "Some Characteristics of African Edumillions of ignorant, Buffering people, cation," by Seymour E. Moon of the still untouched by the light and life Congo Evangelical Training Institute, of Christ. Congo BeIge.

2. Its new unclaimed fields that call "Studying Africa with Juniors," by for exploration in God's world, and Mrs. A. W. Rider. the study of humanity and religion. The literature published on Africa, 3. Its rich resources that may be as noted in our Book Department, is claimed for God and His service- unusually rich and offers a feast for the agricultural and mineral wealth, any who are interested in God's world and above all, the human lives that and the progress of His Kingdom may be, and are being, transformed among men. by the power of Jesus Christ. "GOD SAVE THE HEATHEN!" 4. The future possibilities that lie in Africa and the transformed "God save the heathen!" so they pray Africans as servants of God and of On bended knees in many a shrine, humanity. And cast their eyes beyond the seas This number of the REVIEW is de- To peoples they would claim for voted almost wholly to Africa, viewed Thine. from this angle. Men and women who have devoted their lives to God and the "God save the heathen!" echo we, Africans describe the field, the people In all the realms of Christendom and the work as they have seen them. Other papers of equal interest and As well as India or Cathay. value could not be included for lack "In every heart, Thy Kingdom come. of space but will appear later. Among them are "Where human life is less than gold, Where truth is sacrificed to gain, "Fifty-three Years in Africa-A Contrast," by Rev. Robert Laws, M.D., one Where lust would still corrupt the pure, of the founders of the Livingstonia Mis- Where hearts are hardened against sion of the United Free Church of Scot- pain, land. "Where war goes on its crimson way, "Christian Training in South Africa," Where might is right and knows no by Rev. A. J. Haile, of Tiger Kloof Na- Godtive Institution, Cape Province. In Christendom or in Cathay- "Native Leadership for Africa," by Save them, 0 Lord, at home, abroad. Rev. John E. Geil of the American Baptist Mission, Congo BeIge. "Nor dare we pray for them alone; In our own lives, purge thou and "After Slavery in Africa-What?" by clean, Theodore Burtt, Friends' Industrial Mis- 3ion, Zanzibar. Till in us without stain or dross The Christ of Nazareth may be seen."

Lord, save the heathen in my heart The will that will not follow Thine'

All selfish pride, unworthy though~ Do Thou, through me, in glory .~ine.

-BY WYNN C. FAIRFIELD, Oberlin-Shansi lI!emorial ~cademy, Tatku, Ska'l!.8t, China.

PROTESTANT AND CATHOLIC MISSIONARY WORK IN AFRICA Fl."om RAYMOND LESLIE BUELL'S "NATIVE PROBLEMS IN AFRICA"

States and l'ossessions- European Missionaries Baptized Natives I. Independent States: Protestant Catholic Protestant Catholic Egypt …………. , …….. . 354 1,642 16,883 173,751 Ethiopia ………. , …….. " 34 128 211 8,896 Liberia ………………… . 108 13 18,654 2,282 II. French Possessions: Algeria and Tunis …… " … . 135 297 245 321,117 Morocco ………………… . 66 467 116,000 French West Africa: Senegal ………….. '… . 2 121 35 22,380 Sudan and Upper Volta .. 14 77 5,856 French Guinea ………. . 26 47 596 6,136 Ivory Coast …………. . 6 44 } 13,081 { 13,183 Dahomey …………… . 62 17,226 French Equatorial Africa …. . 104 210 3,084 46,909 French Somaliland ……….. . 11 387 Cameroons (French) …….. . 110 30 86,310 75,490 Togo (French) ………….. . 299 44 267,907 40,096 Madagascar …………….. . 581 336,219 III. British Possessions: Anglo-Egyptian Sudan ……. . 80 152 244 9,973 Basutoland ……………… . 60 142 96,855 38,894 Gambia ………………… . 3 1,582 Sierra Leone ………. '…. " , 108 37 35,139 6,150 Gold Coast., … , …… , ….. , 81 35 134,583 36,342 Nigeria and British Cameroo:ls 464 142 165,998 68,958 Bechuanaland Protectorate .. ,. 12 16,290 Southern Rhodesia ……….. . 202 241 15,641 24,399 Northern Rhodesia ……….. . 194 45 14,518 31,501 Nyasaland Protectorate .. . 245 82 65,917 23,800 Kenya Colony ………. ' 252 135 19,717 10,000 Uganda ……………. . 112 389 131,209 296,451 South West Africa …… . 105 112 52,282 7,722 Tanganyika Territory … , 176 295 30,544 91,716 IV. Belgian Possessions: Belgian Congo ……… . 900 1,013 59,486 376,980 V. Portuguese Possessions: Portuguese East Africa … , 109 58 24,044 40,000 Angola (with Cabinda) , … , … 186 308 3,906 215,467 VI. Italian Possessions: 173 19,500 Libya ……………. " .. , .. . 2 Eritrea …… , …….. ' …… . 39 237 2,679 32,800 Italian Somaliland . , ……. , .. , 11 9 210 630 VII. Spanish possessions: 108 15,500 Rio Muni and Fernando Po….. 15 2,390 The figures in regard to European missionaries may be taken as approximately correct at the time when they were compiled. It seems that the figures for baptized Christians is much less accurate. In addition to baptized Christians both Catholic and Protestant missions have a large number of natives as "catechumens" who are under some form of religious instruction. For the Protestants this figure reaches 721,421 in Africa, and for the Catholic 1,350,782. The Protestant and Catholic work on the continent of Africa may be sum- marized as follows: EU1'opeon Baptized Others Total Missionaries Native Under Native Christians Instruction Christians Roman Catholic …………. . 8,5812 4,015,332 1,350.782 5,366,114 Protestant …………… , .. 6,590" 1,830,582 721,421 2,552,003 Total Missionaries ……. . 15,171 Total Native Christians 7,918,117 lApparpntly lTIPmbers of the Ab;o'ssinian 3This includes 1,999 ordained men. 1,993 Chlll'ch are excludpd. wives, 2.348 others.

'This include~ 2.501 priests. 543 lay brothers, f'i,537 sisters.

WOMAN'S FOREIGN MISSION

EDITED BY ELLA D. MACLAURIN, 419 FOURTH AVENUE, NEW YORK IS YOUR NAME WRITTEN THEREl 11 ISSIONARY women! Doubtless when the roll is called up yonder you'll be there! But when the poll is counted in November-will you be there? It is your privilege to help effectuate the prayer "Thy will be done on earth"-if your name is written in your voting precinct. In many states voters must register early in August. Have you registered?

The charge is justly made that one half of the women voters of the United States do not discharge their civic responsibilities at the polls.

They do not "keep out of politics" by refraining from the use of the franchise. On the contrary, they help elect bad men and enact unright- eous measures by withholding votes and influence.

A recent letter from Europe asks what the Christian women of America are doing about the coming elections? The eyes of the world are on us.

There are, approximately, 20,000,000 Protestant church women in the United States. They are a force to be reckoned with. In their various corporate capacities, as mission boards, club members and fed- erations they have passed ringing resolutions on law enforcement and world peace. But law breakers and war makers do not abdicate merely at the ring of resolutions. The Kingdom doesn't come because we piously say, "Lord, Lord," but because, in addition, we do the things He com- mands. Now comes the test of our sincerity. .

The issues are clear cut. They have become international and affect our missionary work at home and abroad. The society opposed to J!ro- hibition defiantly announces that it is backed by organizations represent- ing $40,000,000,000. They are not all in the United States. The forces of evil are leagued together. Shall we supinely sit and watch the im- pending struggle?

We are not presuming to suggest candidates. There is not much chance for error. Choose ye, but register this day!

EVELYN RILEY NICHOLSON, Detroit, Michigan.

A CHINESE GIRL'S MESSAGE TO There was one little girl and after a short time another child, a girl, was AMERICA born. In those days girls were not loved quite so much as boys and the By MISS MARY CARLETON idea about girls was very different from what it is now after Christianity An address delivered at the Annual Meet- has been in China a longer time. The ing of the Federation of Woman's father said that they would give the Boards of Foreign Missions, girl baby away. Mothers' hearts are Atlantic City, JanuarY,1928 the same the world over, and so this young Christian mother was very sad A number of years ago in Foochow because she did not want to give her there was a young Chinese married little girl to anyone. The missionary couple. The young woman, an earnest doctor in charge of the hospital noticed Christian, was taking a doctor's de- that the mother was very sad and gree in a mission hospital; the young man was serving in a hospital for the business people in the port.

837

asked why it was. When she knew next morning startled by a terrific what was the trouble, the missionary wind storm. He called his companion doctor said, "I am sure there must be and said, "Wake up, I am sure the some people in America who would be world is coming to an end." "Oh, no," willing to help you keep your little girl said his friend, "that is just dawn on in your home." the Pyrenees." That is the way it seems to me about China; all these Not long after that this doctor be- things that are sweeping through came seriously ill and had to leave for China today are the forerunners of America, and a new doctor came to the wonderful day that is coming to take charge of the hospital. She had China. Many people reading the pato work through an interpreter, and I pers are thinking the Chinese people am sure that she was often homesick are anti-Christian and anti-foreign, and felt the great responsibility of this and yet you who have a great love for hospital. She became interested in the America, who know what it is to go baby girl and came to love her. One through a revolution for liberty, can day, after some time, she said to the understand that I feel China is not so mother, "I would like to have your much anti-foreign or anti-Christian as litUe girl to be my little girl." After it is pro-Chinese. Everything is for consulting the father the baby girl China today and it seems to me a very was legally adopted by this medical wonderful thing that China has at missionary and since that time she has last come to have a national conscious·· had the privilege of a Christian home, ness. China is awakening and what a the advantages of Christian education, wonderful awakening it is going to be! the opportunity of coming to America I wonder how we are going to help and of studying in your American in- China meet that awakening. We shall stitutions. Tonight she is glad to be have many problems. here to tell you what Christianity means to her and that she is very Second: Christianity in China. In happy to be in Christian work. My spite of the unrest, of wars, in spite father in later years became a local of the suffering of our people, last preacher and all the children grew up year, the Bible Society reports, more as Christians. I go home soon because Bibles were sold in China than in I feel that China needs every Chris- any other previous year. That means tian worker that is ready for service. more people are studying the Bible, are interested in Christianity than Great things are happening in ever before. If we can help our young China. It thrills me and I am sure it people and all our people to under must thrill the hearts of those of you stand that the Bible and Christianity who have had a share in advancing the are for the Chinese as well as for standards of womanhood in China. Americans and for the whole world; There are a few things that I feel are that the Bible and Christianity can very important and encourging in our solve our problems and meet our needs, work in China: then we need have no fear of China not accepting Christianity or of be- First: Our revo~ution. If we go coming anti-Christian. back into history we find no country where so ,many revolutions took plaee It is a wonderful thing that many simultaneously; political, industrial, of our educated men and thinking peoeducational, economic, social and re- ple are interested in Christianity and ligious revolutions. The wonder to me their criticisms are very constructive. is not that China is confused and that A gentleman, not a Christian, said to there is unrest there-the wonder is a missionary, "You are discouraged' that it is not far worse. There is a you think Christianity is spreading story of two men who climbed the very slowly. Give it ten years and Pyrenees; one had been there before Christianity will spread over China and the other had not. The one who like wildfire." I would not have the had not been there before woke up the

WOMAN'S FOREIGN MISSION BULLETIN

faith to say that in ten years Chris- God has used these things for His tianity would have spread over China. glory.

I would say that in twenty-five years Fourth: The Missionaries in China. it might. But here is a non-Christian The missionaries that we need in the saying to a Christian that in ten years coming years will be those who can this thing would happen. overcome any barrier of nationality or There are three things that I would race. They will be missionaries who suggest as necessary if we are to look will feel the love of Jesus Christ so forward to this: that they will try to understand our 1. Christians must not live in Chris- people and bring to them the things tian compounds; they must stay in Christ Himself would want to bring to their homes and live their Christian us. And so it seems to me we have a lives among their own people. great deal to be thankful for in the 2. Christians must talk more about things that are going on in China the teaching, must not compromise, We need your help and prayers and but tell people about it. 3. Christians must support the cooperation more than ever before.

Christian Church as though they really In the 15th century when the secdid believe in Christianity. ond emperor of the Ming dynasty How will we meet these develop- moved from Nanking to Peking, he ments? ordered that a bell be ,cast of gold and Third: The Church in China. An- silver and bronze. He gave the task other great thing is our indigenous to a particular man aria that man put Chinese Church. It has taken perhaps a very long time to s'trike roots, but I all the metals together, and tried to feel it has struck roots in Chinese soil cast the bell but the metals would not and we have a real Chinese Church. blend. The man tried a second time There are sixteen denominations in and again did ll~riSiicceed. He had a China that have united as the Church daughter. W~she saw that her of Christian China, but there are manv problems that we shall have to meet father was not succeeding, she was in our Church and we need your help grieved and she feared if he did not and prayers. succeed the third time his life might Christianity has been in China not be in danger. So she went to ask of a quite 130 years. A great many people fortune-teller what the trouble was, here say "Missionaries have been working in China so long, why not let and the fortune-teller said there was them all go home and let Chinese Christians carry on their own work?" needed the blood of a maiden to cause I wonder if they realize that there are the metals to blend. This girl perat most only 400,000 Christians in China-and not all these are leaders suaded her father to try again and -and there are 400,000,000 people in when the gold and silv~r and bronze' China. You will realize when you think of those figures how much we were put into the furnace, she leaped need as a young church and why we are not able to meet alone the needs win~sancdastth, eanmdettahlse blended and the bell of the present day. legend relateJ! that Many things are happening in China the tonM of the bell were very.·beauwhich are hard for us to understand. Many Christians are being tested, tiful. many have lost material things, and God needs not only gold and silver and, bronze, but the sacrifice of our lives to be used wherever He wants us to be. If we realize that by our sac- rifice the Gospel message is going to reverberate not only throughout China but throughout the world, surely there is no sacrifice too great for us to make.

yet it is a very wonderful thing that "Were the whole realm of nature mine That were a present far too small, out of all this has come a strong Love so amazing, so divine leadership in the Chinese Church. Demands my heart, my soul, my all." EDITED BY FLORENCE E. QUINLAN, 105 EAST 22ND ST., NEW YORK ANOTHER PIONEER UNION set to work to increase the knowledge of our women and it has paid. Illin ois spoke In the May issue, Missouri in June; now CnHfornia speaks. We are We have never made it an object ",rateful to Miss Emma C. NeumillE'r, a for- to raise money, with the exception iner President of the Union nt Stockton for the of three years ago, when we helped followlng.- EDITOR. financially to launch the Filipino Cen- ter. Stockton is situated in a very The Women's City Missionary strategic position in San Joaquin Val- Union of Stockton, California, was or- ley. It is a city of 56,000 population, ganized thirty-two years ago by Eliz- surrounded by large farm lands and abeth Stephen Thomas (Mrs. William orchards, so there are many foreign- Thomas), wife of the Baptist pastor. ers working in and around Stockton. It is a strong union composed of over· The asparagus fields seem to call the Filipino and there are 3,000 of them here. One of our fine women saw the need of helping these Filipinos, especially the children, so she started a Filipino center and opened a Sun- day schQol where each Sunday about forty little dark-faced children aTe being taught. They are now hoping to have a Filipino pastor and so be enabled to do even greater work. This is entirely an independent work Ull- del' no denomination. Although the Union is not helping in this now as an organization, many of our women are giving individually and are help- ing in the Sunday school.

~IKS. ELIZABETH STEPHEN THO~I A~, We have also about 4,000 Mexicans I·'OUNDER OF 'rUE UN I ON I N in Stockton. A strong mission with STOCKTON. CALIFORNIA a regular pastor is directly under the Methodist Church but some of the twenty churches and missions. The women of our Union are helping in Union was formed entirely for fellow- the Sunday school, and it has almost ship and to increase interest in the been a community interest.

We have a Chinese Mission, also under the Methodist Board. About 3,000 Chinese are registered in Stock- ton. Some of the women in our Union are helping here also.

great missionary work of the Church. The Japanese work is under the The churches at that time in Stock- Presbyterian Board. There are about ton were not hearing about the great 4,000 of them in Stockton. things being done on our missionary We frequently have the leaders of fields. In fact, some of the churches these various missions give a talk at did not have women's organizations. our Union meetings, have the children Mrs. Thomas, recognizing this fact, there, and ever keep before us the 840 necessity of helping the foreigner then, for over ten years, she has within our gates. served the Young Women's Christian Association in various capacities: as We recognize the Day of Prayer Girl Reserve Secretary in Detroit, with good attendance and a fine spirit. Michigan; placement secretary and of- The object of the organization has fice executive with the National Board paid well, for there is a fine spirit in New York; 1922-1924, General of missions among the women of our Secretary in Dorpat, Esthonia; 1924churches and our Women's City Mis- 1927, General Secretary in Riga, Latsionary Union has been the great fac- via. She has had considerable travel tor in promoting this spirit. in Europe in addition to her residence in the Baltic States. RELIGIOUS WORK FOR INDIAN The Councils welcome Miss Brick- SCHOOLS man with utmost heartiness, and with gratitude that this advance step is Eight years ago the Home Missions now possible. Her headquarters are Council and Council of Women for the office of the Council of Women for Home Missions, realizing the need and Home Missions, 105 East 22nd Street, opportunity for an adequate program New York City. of religious education in the government schools for Indians, especially THE CIVIC COMMITTEE the large non-reservation boarding schools, started to place in them Reli- ]orthern Baptist women nave taken a fine gious Work Directors serving inter- forward stev, setting up a Civic Committee of denominationally. There are at present the Voman's Home and .B"oreign 1Iissio11 Sosix such Directors serving eight cieties amI similar C'OllllHittf'(,8 in district, staff" schools. :u;sociation and local socif:'ties along the follow- The general program includes Bible in~ liuf's.-EDITOR. instruction, meetings of groups and classes, constructive social relation- WHAT IT IS NOT: ships, and student service activities with a world outreach. It is not a political organization. It is not a form of partisan politics. Until now administration of this It is not a channel for political work has been one of the responsi- propaganda. bilities of the executive charged with numerous lines of activity. Neces- WHAT IT IS: sarily this specific project has received but a small portion of his time. It It is a committee to emphasize the is with real rejoicing that it has been fact that casting an intelligent, conpossible now to appoint an executive scientious vote at every election is a to devote her entire time and energy Christian duty. to this service. Miss Helen M. Brickman started work this fall as this Na- It is a group of women who believe tional Director, Religious Work for that Christians can and should use Indian Schools. the vote to help make wrong condi- tions right. Miss Brickman has come with most evident enthusiasm for the task, a It is a committee to secure and cirvision of the great possibilities, and culate information concerning the a background of training and experi- integrity and fitness for office of indience which make her eminently quali- vidual candidates, local, state and nafied. She holds an A.B. from Cornell tional. The important thing about a University. For four years she taught candidate is his personal character English in the Woman's College at rather than his party affiliation. Due West, South Carolina, going from there to the Michigan State Normal It is a committee through which College as Student Secretary. Since Northern Baptist women unite in sup- port of righteousness, law observance, justice and universal peace and good will.

It is a factor for righteousness in our own land and, consequently, in all lands wi.th whi.ch we come in contact_ WHO SHOULD BE MEMBERS OF THE CIVIC COMMITTEE: Women who believe unconditionally in law observance and in punishment for law violation.

Women who will seek out and re- The very center of Civic Activity is port to their organizations the facts the VOTE~our vote. concerning those who are candidates for office. On each side of the vote is an I. One I is your Independent Investigation of Women who believe that every the merits and fitness of the candidates. Christian has a direct responsibility for improving the conditions under The other I is your Intelligent Inter- which our Government functions. pretation of news items which are often intentionally misleading. Women who will use their influence to interest other women in the civic Your Eyes should both be wide open, life of the community and of the na- that they may C. Then there will be tion. Conviction that you have a civic duty, and Courage to perform that duty your- WHAT THE CIVIC COMMITTEE self and to share your Conviction with WILL DO: others.

It will keep its constituency in- Would You? formed concerning the moral issues involved in elections. Would you be content that none should vote It will urge every Baptist woman to realize that her influence is important Who know what the vote is about? and her vote increases her influence. Then you've not much to lose If, holding those views, Each Civic Committee will keep in At the polls you do not turn out. close touch with the Civic Committee in the next smaller unit; i. e., Dis- Would you be content that none should trict with State, State with Associa- vote tion, etc. . Who distinguish the false from the true? Likewise each Civic Committee will Then you need not bother confer with and report regularly to To learn one from the other the Civic Committee in the next larger And you'll be a slacker, too. unit; i. e., Local with Association, Association with State, etc. Thus the Would you be content that none should chain will be complete from the na- vote tional to the local, and each committee will be a strong link in the chain. Save those whose votes are for sale? Then you may stay STANDARDS FOR THE LOCAL From the polls away WOMAN'S SOCIETY: And help honest votes to fail.

I. A Standing Committee of the For the ignorant vote' and the careless Society whose duty it is: vote (a) To promote interest in such And the vote for sale will be there; subjects as Law Observance, Temper- But how fearful the cost ance, Child Welfare, Public Health When the battle is lost and Public Morals, and in questions By the Christians who do not care! of national and international concern; CIVIC COMMITTEE (b) To endeavor to create in the women of the church a feeling of re- WOMAN'S AMERICAN BAPTIST FOREIGN sponsibility for the election of the right kind of public officials to local, MISSION SOCIETY state, and national offices. WOMAN'S AMERICAN BAPTIST HOME II. At least three programs a year, arranged by the Civic Committee on MISSION SOCIETY civic subjects, and given as a part of the regular meetings of the Woman's 276, Fifth Avenue, New York. Society. EMANCIPATIONS III. A definite purpose to lead every woman in the church to realize Clinton Howard's list of five great her responsibility, as a Christian citi- zen, for using her influence by regis- emancipations covering the last five tration and by vote. centuries: Your Vote "The great event of the 16th century C-onviction was discovery,-geographic emancipa- I-ndependent Investigation tion. V-ote I-ntelligent Interl)retation "The great event of the 17th century C-ourage. was the Reformation,-spiritual emanci- pation.

"The great event of the 18th century was democracy,-political emancipation.

"The great event of the 19th century was abolition,-physical emancipation.

"The great event of the 20th century thus far has been prohibition,-moral emancipation."

ORLD..WIDE

AFRICA dox, the Coptic Orthodox, and the Armenian Orthodox. The Veni Cre- "Old Message, New Methods" ator was first sung in English, and after that the Gloria in Greek. Then THIS is the motto of the Nile Mis- every man, as at Lausanne, recited the sion Press, which distributed 480,- Lord's Prayer in his own tongue, and 000 in 1927 as against 160,000 in 1923. after that a Prayer for Unity, in Dr. Upson describes as follows four Arabic. Then came a Coptic hymn ways the Press has of "carrying the and the lesson from St. John, "When good news": (1) The Egyptian donkey He, the Spirit of Truth, is come, He is a very sturdy animal and most re- will guide you into all truth," was read liable. Several of our colporteurs in Armenian. It was also read again have donkeys; two, named "Galilee" in the Arabic and Greek. Bishop and "Samaria," were specially donated Gwynne's address was read in English for Palestine. (2) Our central book and afterward translated into the other depot sends out every year well over languages.-The Living Church. one thousand parcels of Arabic gospel books, and these are mostly carried by A Modern Paul in Abyssinia rail in the first instance. But to our Algeria branch we ship cases of our I N AN article about the new Abysbooks, say half a ton at a time. (3) Our sinian Frontiers Mission, Thomas automobile "The Messenger of Peace" A. Lambie, M.D., tells the story of (Rasoul-es-Sa1aam) , as it has been "Abba Paolos," or Father Paul: "He named, goes several times a week to was an Abyssinian monk who thought carry, not only the local colporteur, that if he made the pilgrimage to but several of our clerical staff, on the Jerusalem he would find peace, but principle that "'Twill do your soul he met some Swedish missionaries good to get out and preach and dis- who brought him to a real knowledge tribute." (4) Aeroplanes have also of Christ and he did not go to Jerubeen impressed into the service of the salem. He went back to Abyssinia King of Kings. Practically every and everywhere proclaimed his new Monday air-mail packets arrive from faith in the Lord Jesus Christ. He either Iraq or Persia, the former be- has earned his name Paul. He has ing orders for books from our cooper- been imprisoned and beaten and stoned ating agents at Baghdad and Basra, for the sake of Jesus, and yet he the latter consisting of fat packets of keeps his faith pure and sweet and printers' proofs from the Rev. W. N. strong. Recently he has been doing a Wysham, secretary of Persia Inter- great service here in Addis Ababa. Mission Council. The people seem to have softened a little toward him, and he is permitted A United Service in Khartoum FOR four years the various Chris- to speak of his Master even in the tian bodies in the Sudan have been Queen's palace. We love to have t1is accustomed to holding an annual old Christian hero come to see us. I united service in Khartoum Cathedral. even love his old staff and sandals and At this year's service, the fifth, there sheepskin cape. He is so kindly and were present besides the Anglicans true, and yet so firm in proclaiming with Bishop Gwynne, the Greek Ortho- the truth as it is in Jesus Christ."

843

Subdivided Africa thinking so that he firmly refused to become a Moslem. After leaving the T HE journey down the West Coast regiment he was a court messenger of Africa gives an insight into the for a time, and then was urged to benumber of subdivisions of African ter- come chief in his district. While he ritory and islands along the way. Be- was pondering over the wonders of tween Gibraltar and Cameroun, we sun, moon and stars, he went te talk stopped at ten ports in six different to the African catechist, who was areas, and we passed in all fourteen working in the neighborhood, and he different colonies, protectorates and led the chief to Christ. The Bishop political entities. Only one of these adds: fourteen divisions of African territories is independent; all the other "What a joy to be in a Christian are colonies or protectorates or man- chief's compound, to see his shining dates of some European power. face and to hear his children singing Christian hymns. There is real re- Liberia is the only country in all vival here, and we must do our best Africa which has its own nationalist to enter into possession of the towns government, Egypt and Abyssinia be- which are waiting. On October 2 being the only other countries with semi- tween 200 and 300 people came to independent powers. American in- church in the morning, and the servfluence is evident in Liberia. ice was entirely in Mendi, by request. The chief brought a calf and two and W. REGINALD WHEELER. a half bushels of rice as a thankoffer- ing. He had refused to have heathen A Wireless froln Africa sacrifices at planting time, and instead had prayers on his farm. He says T HE progress of modern science that even the birds have no power and its relation to missionary over his rice now!"-The Church Miswork, is illustrated by a wireless mes- sionary Gleaner. sage received by Mrs. Robert M. Russell of Larchmont, N. Y., whose hus- The Open Book band left America last May to visit the Presbyterian missions in West ~~OUR Yakusu district with its five Africa. On July 11th, Mrs. Russell, hundred village schools defiwho was at Northfield, Mass., received a message from her husband in nitely stands for the Open Book," Africa, transmitted over Mr. Edwin writes the Rev. W. H. Ennals, of Cozzen's radio, at Elat, 5,000 {uiles Yakusu, West Africa. away and received by Mr. F. M. Whitaker of Durham, N. C. From "The educational standard even of him it was transmitted to Mr. Henry many of the teachers is not high, but C. Wing, of Greenfield, Mass., who they are opening the Book to thouhas a summer station at the top of the sands of young people by teaching Mohawk Trail in the Berkshires. He them how to read, and by placing in in turn transmitted the message to their hands the Book of Books. Writ- Mrs. Russell. Thus a space that re- ing and other subjects are taught, but quires six weeks or more for a letter reading takes precedence, the ability was traversed in less than twenty-four to read makes them susceptible to the hours by radio. Life-giving Message. Our people here often refer to God as being the 'God A Chief's Conversion of Books,' in contrast with the often unintelligible recitations of Catholic THE Anglican Bishop of Sierra catechists and Moslem mullahs. The Leone writes of a Christian chief African has missed the ages of slow whom he met lately, a man formerly and patient development by which his a soldier in the West African Regi- big white brother has reached his ment. While stationed at Freetown present position. This very month he used to attend the cathedral serv- we have been able to place in the ices and what he learned there set him

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

hands of our people the new edition of now enclosed by a SUbstantial fence the Lokele New Testament. and appropriately marked with a slab "In the interests of the Open Bible bearing the inscription: we labor to deliver these people from STANLEY LIVINGSTONE, 1871 superstition and vice by sending to them men endued by the Spirit of What a privilege to stand in the God to break the chains of ignorance shadow of the same tree that had shel- and indifference."-The Bible in the tered the two great missionary-explor- World. ers! And how challenged they were by the vivid memory of that life con- Congo Women Work for Church sumed by zeal for the evangelization LUKOLELA is a station of the Eng- of the great "Dark Continent"! The lish Baptist Missionary Society, missionaries learned from natives which was without a resident Euro- that, as yet, no missionary has settled pean missionary for several years, but in this town or in the surrounding diswhich has been occupied for nearly trict. One feeble old man in the group two years by Rev. and Mrs. Alfred was a boy when the notable meeting Stonelake. The latter writes: "To between Livingstone and Stanley took the women belongs the honor of doing place. Since that day, nearly two genthe first bit of work for the new erations have passed into eternity unchurch. Mantala organized the wom- warned, and Christ is still unknown to en to clear the site. This was begun these people.

by an early morning prayer meeting on the telegraph road alongside the A Centenary Among the Kafllrs T site. Lukolela is on the slope of a hill, HE centennial of the mission to the Kaffirs of the Moravians of so the site had to be leveled. Again the women came to the rescue, and a Germany was recently celebrated at tough job they had, for the soil is very Silo, South Africa. During these hard to work. The ground was di- hundred years the Moravian Church vided into three sections, and the sent out to this mission 60 mission- women Christians, inquirers, and aries. The beginnings were uncom- school children divided into three monly difficult. In 1851 the station groups, so that each would be re- was destroyed in war by British sponsible for a given part of the work. troops, after the ten missionaries who They all gave a morning a week for were stationed there had fled with three weeks until the task was suc- about 150 natives. The reason for the cessfully accomplished." war was the fact that Silo was the center of an uprising which had been Fifty-seven Years_nd Stin Waiting started by the medicine-man Umlan- T HE first party of missionaries of jeni. During the severe trials of the the Unevangelized Africa Mission, World War, the number of Christians a new independent mission started by increased by 1,700. Now there are in Rev. Charles E. Hurlburt, founder of all about 12,000 souls.

the Africa Inland Mission, has re- cently sailed for Africa. While at Unpossessed Territory Kigoma, on the eastern short of Lake ~~SEVERAL evangelistic trips have Tanganyika awaiting a steamer, they been made to remote parts of went about four miles south on the our Kitui district (Central Africa), lake to the town of Ujiji, the historic and in some places a real interest in meeting place of Stanley and Living- the Word has been shown," writes the stone. On arriving in the town they Rev. Charles W. Teasdale of the Af- were directed through uneven streets, rican Inland Mission. "From March between rows of thatch-roofed houses. 21st to 26th, a trip covering nearly Curious natives followed and a "meet- two hundred fifty miles was made, of ing" took place under a tree which is which about fifty miles were on foot.

In that time we talked to nearly a cerns itself with local native condi- thousand people about the salvation in tions such as native rescue work, rec- Christ Jesus. We visited a place reation grounds, native dietary, etc., where over twenty years ago German while the council at Pietersburg missionaries had camped for nine (Transvaal) has made efforts to cope months, preaching the Word. Since with a large amount of immorality that time no missionary had been among native women and girls. among them, and only very seldom a native Christian went among them "Nothing," says the Outlook, "could carrying the Gospel. That place is be more helpful than the awakening seventy-nine miles from Mulango, and of young South Africa to the needs of near the border of another tribe, the this great matter." Atharaka, who are still within our district, but to whom no missionary has THE NEAR EAST yet gone.-Inland Africa. Modernizing Turks Inter-Racial Councils in South Africa ALL members of the Turkish Parlia- THE South African Outlook reports the valuable work of the Joint l'l. ment and of the Cabinet, includ- Councils of Europeans and Natives in various centers of the Union. Kim- ing Ismet Pasha, the Premier, must berley is one of the towns which has follow the example of Mustapha recently formed such a Society, which Kemal, President of the Republic, and will find active work in the direction become schoolmasters of the Latin alof housing and hygiene subjects which phabet, which is to replace Arabic have been energetically taken up by characters in Turkey, according to a the present Town Council. recent dispatch from Constantinople.

On the Rand interesting recent de- An order was issued that the 200 velopments are reported, such as the Deputies who attended the recent lesestablishment of a Refuge for desti- sons in the new ABC at the Dolma tute native children and aged persons, Bagthche palace must visit their electhe Bridgman Memorial Native Hos- toral districts and teach the new alphapital, shortly to be opened, and a Na- bet to their constituents before tive Health Committee. Parliament opens. When Parliament votes in November, it probably will The Pretoria Joint Council ap- make the old Arabic characters taboo pointed a sub-committee to investigate after one year instead of fifteen as the condition of native juveniles, originally planned. which has lately issued an informing report showing, inter alia, that about Eastern Church Progress 40 per cent of the 5,500 juveniles may be classed as loafers, constituting a THE progressive influences at work source of annoyance to the republic, in the Eastern Orthodox Churches and a potential danger to the commun- offer a great opportunity for Evanity. The report made a number of gelical Christianity. A new generapractical recommendations, including tion of priests and students has a new the provision of compulsory education, outlook on the world. An increasing of a Juvenile Court, of suitable recre- number of the leaders of these ation, etc., in order to remove many churches are becoming informed about of the causes of juvenile delinquency. and interested in the churches of the West. They have much to contribute Blremfontein has formed a commit- to our common Christian spirit and tee of twelve European and twelve life. They have an opportunity to Native members the former including render mediatorial service in those a good proportion of younger men of countries where Protestant churches culture. are among political minorities and there are instances of the desire of The Pietermaritzburg Council con- their leaders to fulfill it.-The Chris- tian Intelligencer.

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

Moslem and Atheist governments of Lebanon, Syria, Pales- THE LONDON CHRISTIAN sug- tine, Trans-Jordan, Iraq, Egypt and gests that the disestablishment of the Sudan; 721 graduates are physi- Islam will be found to be synonymous cians either in government service or with the enthronement of Atheism in private practice, 271 are in business Moslem lands. It adds that "Those and the remainder are engaged in eduwho are in a position to speak with cational, religious, journalistic and the advantage of first-hand knowledge legal work. These men are raising of present-day conditions in Turkey, the standards of professional and confirm this. An aggressive spirit of business ethics, fighting disease and godlessness is rampant among the ignorance and promoting principles of Turkish leaders under the Angora peace and accord among the diverse ?'egime, and morality and right living nationalities and many sects of the are at a low ebb. With Bolshevik Near East."

Russia, Turkey stands as a bulwark of atheism between the West and the Persian Christian Literature East. But there remains the view ACKNOWLEDGING on behalf of the that, from the Christian missionary fl. Inter-Mission Literature Commit- standpoint, atheism is probably more tee in Persia:, a gift from the Ameri- vulnerable, than is Mohammedanism in can Christian Literature Society for its hide-bound self-satisfaction and Moslems, J. D. Payne writes of the conservatism. Whatever view is value to the Persian Christian con- taken of the present state of religious vert from Islam of the Bible diction- life in the Near East, it seems clear ary which that gift will make possible.

that there is a challenge to those who He continues: "In America there are would carry the banner of Christ in many Christian periodicals, so to the forefront of the fight against evil. say that your gifts have enabled us -The Alliance Weekly. to start in Persia a Christian period- ical means little; to the Persian Beirut University Graduates Christian it means that at last he may PRESIDENT BAYARD DODGE have a periodical containing inspira- of the American University in tional and devotional articles for the Beirut, known for so many years to strengthening of his Christian life the Christian world as the Syrian and in his mother tongue. The list Protestant Colleges, writes: "At the might be extended by the mention of present time King Feisal's secretary, commentaries, Sunday-school lessons the director of medical services, the and devotional books now in preparasecretary of the council of ministers, tion to give the Persian Christian in and the inspector of education in Iraq the language he knows, the help which are graduates of the University. The will bring him in perfect union with head of the Bahai religion in Haifa, Him who is our Master. In short, it the leading judge of Palestine, the means an interest in pUblication and Governor of Tiberias, the director of circulation of literature in the work the Ministry of Interior in Cairo, the of evangelizing Persia such as we have editor of the leading newspaper in not had since the first messengers of Cairo and in the Arabic world, the the Gospel first set foot on her soi!."

civil judge of Khartoum, the Minister of Interior and Public Health in the INDIA AND SIAM Lebanon Republic, and the medical of- "Victory to Jesus Christ"

A ficer of the government of Syria, are FINE new brick church, accom- modating at least 600, with a high all graduates of the University. In sixty-two years the University has square tower which is a landmark to graduated 1,328 students. Of these the 'surrounding district, has been 151 physicians, pharmacists, dentists, built at Batemanabad, India, and was and nurses are in the employ of the dedicated by the Bishop of the Church

of England Mission on March lOth. Afghanistan will no longer submit to The foundations were dug December the domination of bigoted and ignor- 15th, so that to finish the building by ant priests. The influence of progress March was something of an achieve- in Egypt, Syria, Iraq, Palestine, ment, involving as it did the laying Persia, Turkey and India has peneof 225,000 bricks. The cost was £600, trated their country and the emergence practically the whole of which was of women from the purdah will take contributed by Indians. On the fol- place in a steadily-increasing volume lowing Sunday there were 300 com- until all Moslem women, in both Afmunicants. ghanistan and India, are as free as are their Christian sisters of India The dedication was attended by and the Occident. eight clergy and a large congregation. As the service proceeded, the meaning 'Work Am.ong Benares Pilgrims of each part of it was explained to the people. At the end all stood up To THE missionary staff of Benand shouted: "Yigu Masih ki jai" ares the huge crowds of pilgrims (Victory to Jesus Christ) three times. offer an opportunity for special serv- Canon Force-Jones, says: "This was ice. For the period of the festival the only time during the service that many of the missionaries put all other the congregation stood up; and it was duties aside and stand, with extra fortunate that it was so, for if they large supplies of Gospels and other had risen before they would have been Christian books in the various vernaunable to sit down again! The build- culars, on the thoroughfares of the ing was packed from end to end."- city where the pilgrims must pass on The Church Missionary Gleaner. their way to the river. The pilgrims are usually quite serious and devout, A Call to Moslem W om.en and intent on the spiritual quest. The offer of attractively printed and bound WHILE Hindu women are emanci- books is sufficient to sell a dozen or pating themselves, with the en- so straight off. It is a great time, and couragement of enlightened men of hundreds of books are sold mainly to their community, a resounding call to visitors who will carry them away to their Moslem neighbors to do the same their distant villages, where they will thing comes from Queen Surayya and be read and re-read. It is a "broad- King Amanullah of Afghanistan. casting" effort of which we do not see When Queen Surayya discarded the any immediate result, but we believe purdah upon embarking for Europe it is well worth while to sow the Word a considerable sensation was caused, of God in this way. not only in her own country, but among Moslems in India. It was then There is great need for more defifreely suggested that she would volun- nite systematic Christian work among tarily return to its slavery upon her these pilgrims, both the regular return to her home-land. stream and the occasional multitude. There are many openings for service The Queen and her husband learned in Benares, in addition to temperance many lessons during their tour and one and social service work for the outof them was that life is too precious caste, pastoral work for the Christian to throwaway behind the purdah. Church and occasional meetings for Since her return to Kabul the Queen the English educated students, numappears unveiled at public functions hering 2,000 in the great Hindu Uniand calls to Moslem women to follow versity alone.-The L. M. S. Chronicle. her example, which in her present circumstances, is mighty. Selling Gospels in Kedgaon The moulvies of the capital are WRITING from Kedgaon, India, greatly disturbed over what they re- Miss L. Couch, associated with gard as a menace to morals and re- the Mission founded by the late Panligion. Their day of power is passing.

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK S49

dita Ramabai, says: "God is blessing groups so widely scattered, holds a the work at the railway station. We position of great advantage for the are giving Gospels and tracts in three work of permeating the population languages to the passengers, and many with Christian ideas and the contagion take them eagerly. Strange to say, of Christian hope. Means should be Mohammedans seldom refuse to take taken to bring these facts strikingly Urdu gospels. One man almost lost before the mind of the church groups his train after coming to me for a in each district and, by prayer and book. Sometimes we come across girls faith, to strengthen and encourage who are able to read these days. them on their own ground." Widows, too, take the Gospels to their homes. A short time ago a mission- Centen!1ia.l for Sia.m ary called me to see a guard who was travelling with him, quite a young THE hundredth anniversary of man. He said I had given him an Christian work in Siam will be English New Test.ament and other celebrated in December of this year. books, which had been blessed to him. In December, 1828, Rev. Karl Gutzlaff, The guards all speak English, and are the famous pioneer missionary of the always pleased to take New Testa- Netherlands Missionary Society, and ments, magazines, etc. When read, Rev. Jacob Tomlin of the London Misthey take them home to their wives. sionary Society, reached Siam. An- Pandita Ramabai put up posters on other picturesque early character was the main road, with Marathi gospel Rev. Dan Bradley, who introduced texts printed on them. Numbers of vaccination and the printing press into passers-by read them and even copy Siam. The first permanent work by them down. When we happen to see Presbyterians was inaugurated by them, we call them to our compound, Stephen Mattoon and Dr. Samuel where stands a cupboard packed with House, who came in 1847. The Combooks. Three well-educated Indian mittee preparing for the anniversary young men came in one day and each of Christian work represents English asked for a Marathi Bible. They were and American missionary societies, the given to them, with an English New American Bible Society, the Chinese Testament." Christians, and two organized Siamese presbyteries.

Christian Forces in Bengal "Rice Christians" in Siam REV WILLIAM CAREY, of Dacca, I N NORTH SIAM there are great has prepared a pamphlet with the stretches of hilly jungle where it above title, published by the National is impossible to work the ordinary Christian Council of India. He speaks paddy fields that must be flooded, so of the density of the population in the people cut down the jungle on the Bengal, and of the fact that govern- hillsides and when dry burn it, the ment statistics show only three Chris- ashes making a good fertilizer. Then tians per thousand, but he goes on to the hill rice is planted. In one of say: "While the total population in- these hill-rice districts Christianity creased during the last decade by only has taken hold and is growing. 2.8 per cent, the Christians increased by 14.8 per cent and an increased ratio Not long ago a young man was reis constant. The number of Chris- ceived into one of the country tians in Bengal has more than doubled churches and not long after moved to during the last forty years. They are this new district. He didn't know found in all the twenty-eight British much about the Gospel story but what districts and two Bengal States of the he knew he told. He knew that Province, as well as in Sikkim. They Christ had power to deliver men from are sown through the land. The sin and the fear of evil spirits and he Church in Bengal, composed of those spread the story about the district. His message was received with inter- 6

est and soon came a request to send a be a tenant in the village unless his teacher to them and after a few monthly income is under $15 (Amermonths' instruction a small group was ican) a month. The monthly rent is baptized and received into the church. $3, and the tenant must pay the taxes. Two village headmen were received Each house (which is very small) is and the group grew until it was too limited to one family, and cannot be large to meet in a house. Then there sublet. Opium-smoking and gambling was talk of building a chapel, which and immoral practices are strictly protalk developed into offerings and ac- hibited. tion. Bamboo shingles were made, boards sawed, and posts bought and Higher Education in Ohina gradually the little chapel was erected. The dedication took place this spring REV. A. R. KEPLER, Executive and no city congregation was ever Secretary of the General Council more proud of its house of worship. of the recently established Church of There are now five chapels in the Prae Christ in China, writes of the annual field and several other groups where meeting of the Council on Christian the Christian people meet in houses. Higher Education, held in Shanghai: There is a membership of over seven "The Council is composed of two or hundred persons who with their chil- three representatives from each of the dren make a parish of more than a colleg'e!s and universities of China. thousand.-J. L. Hartzell. There were about thirty in attendance. This gathering was unique because of OHINA AND TIBET the leadership, which has so evidently transferred itself from the missionary Model Village in Shanghai to the Chinese. A very significant for- ward step had been taken by the ma- ABOUT two years ago the American jority of the colleges during the past Friends Service Committee made twelve months. Practically everyone an appropriation of $1,000 toward the of the colleges and universities a year building of a model village in one of ago were still headed up by missionary the congested suburbs of Shanghai, administrators. Now five of the fore- China. Mr. Eugene E. Barrett, one of most colleges already have Chinese as the "Y" Secretaries in Shanghai, Presidents. Two or three others have writes that the whole enterprise is Chinese as administrative heads, creating a tremendous amount of in- though not yet officially elected as terest in not only the village and the President of their institution. Those hut connected with it, but in many of us who were privileged to attend other parts of the city. The Shanghai the meeting of the Council on Higher Y. M. C. A. has undertaken to raise Education and see these men attack $15,000 to construct forty-two addi- the problem of Christian higher edutional houses in the model village. The ction could not fail to have born within Y. M. C. A. has been able to promote us a scene of deep satisfaction and educational work in the village by confidence in the future leadership of founding an industrial school for Christian higher education in China." laborers' children; an English evening school for workmen; an evening Loyal Christians in Hunan school for women, with an enrollment of 124, mostly laborers; and a read- AFTER attending in Hankow the aning room that is open daily. In addition there is regular playground work; ft nual meeting of a divisional a free dispensary for prevention of infectious diseases; health lectures; council of the new Church of Christ music clubs; and motion picture in China, Rev. A. R. Kepler, general shows. Some of the model village secretary of the church's General Asregulations are interesting to an sembly. writes: "It is most encourag- American. For instance. no one can ing to note the loyalty of the Hunan Christians in the face of the most

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bitter persecution. In those districts 000; Annam, 120,000; Macao, 71,000; where 30,000 were killed and entire Cuba, 60,000; Peru, 45,000; Siberia, towns and villages destroyed . . . not 27,000; Ceylon, 2,500. Scattered only has there been a most encourag- throughout other countries are esti- ing conservation of our Christian mated to be 82,000 Chinese emigrants.

constituency, but there has been note- worthy progress as well." He tells of Chinese Famine Relief A a new Christian community of eighty CABLE from Shanghai, under date of July 23d, says that Dr. believers with sixty in regular attendance at the Sunday service, which C. T. Wang, foreign minister of the community is the fruitage of an evan- Nationalist government, says that his gelistic band which visited their lo- government is unable to approve ef- cality. These eighty Christians have forts in America to raise $10,000,000 provided their own place of worship. under the program for famine relief They themselves made their church calling for road building and other furniture and have assumed responsi- items of reconstruction. The cable bility for their religious leadership. dispatch says that Dr. Wang told Mr.

"This incident," he says, "would be Earl Baker, representative of the noteworthy under normal circum- Famine Relief Fund, that the attitude stances. Fralped as it is in the lurid of the Nanking government was highenvironment of revolution and perse- ly favorable to any move purely to aid cution, it is a challenge for greater the famine-stricken Chinese. Dr. faith and sacrifice to Christians Wang's statement is quoted as foleverywhere." lows: "However, I understand the project Chinese Away from Home calls for a program of road building and general reconstruction. This ACCORDING to figures just pub- would take scores of millions of dol- 1". lished by the Peking Foreign Of- lars, and I believe it would be an impractical project for foreign philanfice after a check with diplomatic and thropists. Furthermore, reconstrucconsular missions in foreign countries, tion is the duty of the Chinese 8,000,000 Chinese live outside of their Government, and acceptance of such an native land. Chinese living under offer of charity is certainly beneath our dignity. We are not beggars." American protection number 200,000, of whom only 150,000 are in the Dr. Wang praised the famine relief United States proper. The balance re- work done by Americans in the past, side in the Philippine Islands. "This and said he would highly welcome simofficial Chinese estimate" says The ilar projects in the future, but con- American Missionary "is interesting, sidered the scope of the present since the United States Census for project, as outlined by Mr. Baker, as 1920 gives only 61,639 for continental impractical and likely to be unpopular United States and 23,507 for Hawaii, among the Chinese. a total of only 85,000 instead of the 150,000 which Chinese consuls report."

Excluding Australia and Hongkong, JAPAN-KOREA more than 1,500,000 Chinese emigrants Wanted to Hear About Jesus have taken up their homes under the REV. A. P. HASSELL, D.D., of British flag in various quarters of the Tokushima, Japan, speaks of world. The Chinese population of visiting a town thirty-five miles away Hongkong is 444,648, and of Aus- and of telling the Sunday-school chiltralia 25,772. In the Dutch Indies it dren there the story of Naaman and is computed to be 2,825,000. French the little girl from Israel. Says Dr.

Indo-China has 1,020,000 Chinese set· Hassell : tlers. Other countries in order of "After I finished telling that story I numbers are as follows: Malaya, 903,- saw a girl about eighteen years old

who had been paying very close atten- Chosen. The Sendai program is espetion. She came up and told me that she cially interesting. It will last five days. had gotten up at about daylight at her Pastors and lay representatives will be home and had walked a long distance brought in from the country. and gotten on the train and come all the way because she wanted to hear Perhaps of more far reaching imabout Jesus. I asked if she was a portance is the new attitude of the Christian. She said she had not been students graduating from our theobaptized. Then I asked if she had ever logical colleges. They belong to a new heard a Christian sermon before. She generation and realize that the indihad not, but said that several of her vidual Christian is a citizen as well as friends in the same silk factory had a church member. This new interest Bibles and hymn books and that they is developing rapidly and is not due to sang hymns a great deal. She said any conscious movement within the she was praying every morning and church. The great dapger is that this that she loved Jesus. There are people new interest which is most healthy everywhere who want to know Jesus. and timely should learn to depend You can help us by praying that ~d upon Marx and Russia for nourishwill enable us to find them and them ment. The danger is very real because to find us."-The Christian Observer. no Christian solution is being put for- ward today with anything like the Social Interest in Japan vigor of militant communism.

~~ACHANGE is coming over the Temperance Lectnre Wins Prize Japan Methodist Church in its LAST winter all the guilds in Seoul social outlook," says the Rev. P. G. held a joint meeting in the Y. M. Price, Director of the Social Bureau C. A. auditorium to discuss the quesof the Japan Methodist Church. "For tions, "What should we Korean people years it has been conscious of the evils do in order to become like other naof intemperance and public prostitu- tions and how can we accomplish it?" tion but not of the inequality, the suf- Six different people with wide expefering and exploitation of the working rience were invited to answer this classes in.this industrial age. The question, and first, second and third church did not get to know these prizes were offered, the audience bethings because it was located in a ing the judges. Miss Cordelia Erwin, quiet street near the middle school or a Southern Methodist missionary, university-away from the hum of the writes: "Mrs. Mary Son, Korean Nabusy factory. tional W. C. T. U. lecturer and organ- izer, was among those invited to speak. There are today abundant signs that She pointed out the appalling waste this period of isolation from the life in time, money, resources, efficiency of the common people is passing. In and human lives, caused by the con- Tokyo the Methodist pastors are meet- sumption of alcoholic liquors. She ing periodically for the study of mod- reviewed facts and figures recently ern problems. The Tokyo district gathered at the government revenue meeting has a very active committee offices. Korea's population is esticonsisting of representatives from all mated at 10,000,000. Recently a man, the churches. This committee has with some education, who had a wife itself met for study and also arranged and six children, was glad to get a a very successful two day's meeting job with a salary of thirty yen a for all Methodist members of Tokyo. month; yet the ~vernment receives The condition of the poor was one of taxes, to say nothing of bootleggers, the chief topics on the program. Dur- on a drink bill of 83,429,170 yen. She ing this year special meetings for the gave them a rousing temperance leceducation of our church in a social ture and was awarded the first prize way are being held in four centers,- with great applause." Sendai, Shizuoka, Okayama and

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Japanese Leper Hospitals of practical teachers to the young men around them–consultants ready and A OLTMANS, secretary for Japan willing at all times to consult with the • of the American Mission to Korean colleagues. In short the for- Lepers, reports the existence of twelve eign physician is in one, leader, teachhospitals for lepers in Japan, seven er, friend and all 'for Christ's sake.' of them under private auspices. The The foreign physician came to Korea five government hospitals house over for the Koreans and not for himself." two thousand patients, about twothirds of the total number. He says: ISLANDS OF THE SEA "During the past year the government authorities at their five hospitals have The Bible for the Filipinos continued to show themselves friendly and helpful toward the Christian work THE Converted Catholic informs us carried on in these several places and that "during the 200 years under a large number of patients have con- Spanish rule the Philippine Islands fessed Christ as their Saviour and did not receive the Bible in one Philip- Lord. These nuclei of Christian be- pine tongue. The American Bible lievers at the government hospitals Society put the Scriptures into eight are in many cases earnest in trying to chief languages of the islands in the commend Christianity to the other pa- first two decades after the islands betients and it.is largely due to these came the wards of the United States. earnest endeavors that the growth in Other translations have followed. Renumbers takes place. The same privi- vision in some of the dialects will be leges are granted in these hospitals to done this year." Buddhism and Shintoism as to the Christian religion, and all three have New Zealand Volunteers their stated meetings." I N THE New Zealand Methodist Medical Missions in Korea Theological College there are six students who have volunteered for T HE position of the mission hos- foreign mission work. These men pital in Korea today, as summar- feel that if their own church cannot ized by Z. Bercovitz, M.D., Ph.D., employ them in its missions, they may Presbyterian missionary in Andong, be compelled to offer themselves to Korea, "is that of leader in all things some other missionary society. They medical, scientific, evangelistic, and have formed a missionary group, and in all efforts at public health and chosen as their motto, "The world is hygiene. The scope of the mission my parish." They propose thus to hospital is first, to preach the Gospel maintain the missionary spirit in of Jesus Christ to the Koreans; second, their college, and they aim to induce to cooperate with and help the young every student in the college to become Korean doctors who are opening priv- a world outlook man, to inspire every ate hospitals; third, to spread infor- student with a zealous missionary mation about health and hygiene to all spirit, and to take a personal interest possible people; fourth, to do the best in the staff on the field. Every alterpossible medical and surgical prac- nate Thursday morning, from 6: 45 tice." Dr. Bercovitz continues: "The to 7: 15, the group holds a devotional foreign missionary physician finds one meeting. A fortnightly evening meetof his greatest opportunities is to be ing is also held for mission study. friendly to the young Korean doctors These men are also seeking to form who are attempting to start private groups in other colleges. Since the hospitals. The position is difficult and formation of this group "the students calls for the greatest demonstration of have decided each to seek a day's work Christian grace, brotherhood and will- at gardening or some other useful ingness to help. The foreign phy- occupation, and to devote the wages sicians should be here in the position earned to the foreign mission fund." – The Open Door.•

The Pan-Pacific Women's Conference "5. To secure and collate accurate in- formation concerning the material re- THE first Pan-Pacific Women's Con- sources of Pacific lands; to study the ference was held August 9th-18th ideas and opinions that mould public in Honolulu. Delegates from each opinion among the peoples of the sevcountry around the Pacific partici- eral Pacific races, and to bring men topated and, in addition, two non-voting gether who can understandingly discuss associate delegates from each impor- these in a spirt of fairness. tant women's organization. The conference is held under the auspices of "6. To bring together in round table the Pan-Pacific Union, of which the discussion in every Pacific land those of Hon. Wallace R. Farrington, Governor all races resident therein who desire to of the Territory of Hawaii, is presi- bring about better understanding and codent. operative effort among the peoples and races of the Pacific. Delegates from the 'United States were chosen by an international com- "7. To bring all nations and peoples about the Pacific Ocean into closer friendly commercial contact and relation- ship."

mittee in Hawaii, representing the NORTH AMERICA five sections on the program-Health, Education, Women in Industry and New Hom.e Missions Councils the Professions, Women in Government, Social Service. Miss Jane Ad- DENOMINATIONAL leaders in dams, of Chicago, was the honorary both Kentucky and Tennessee chairman of the conference. have recently organized State Home Missions Councils. In Kentucky a Two years ago the committees of the state-wide conference of home misvarious sections first began their task sion representatives is to be held at of finding out what subjects would be Lexington this fall. The President of of greatest interest. the Kentucky Council is Rev. E. C. Lucas. The President of the Tennes- The Bulletin of the Pan-Pacific see organization is Bishop H. M. Du- Union states that the Union is "an Bose of the Methodist Episcopal unofficial organization, the agent of Church South. The organization exno government, but with the good-will pects to give special attention to preof all in bringing the peoples of the venting church competition and to Pacific together into better under- meeting the needs of rural areas. standing and cooperative effort for the advancement of the interests common A Massachusetts '"'Copec"

to the Pacific area." UNDER the leadership of the Massa- chusetts Federation of Chu rbcehiens~ The following are the chief aims a project of adult education is and objects of the Pan-Pacific Union: carried forward which is popularly "1. To bring together, in friendly conference, leaders in all lines of thought known as the Massachusetts COPEC. and action in the Pacific area; to assist in pointing them toward cooperative ef- Its purpose is "to seek for the fort for the advancement of those interests that are common to all the peoples. churches of Massachusetts that force "2. To bring together ethical leaders which comes from frequent discussion from every Pacific land who will meet for the study of problems of fair dealings and consequent united information on and ways to advance international justice in the Pacific area, that misunderstand- great social issues." The plan includes ing may be cleared. the preparation of materialg for dis- "3. To bring together from time to time scientific and other leaders from cussion groups to be held in the Pacific lands Who will present the great vital Pan-Pacific scientific problems in- churches during the next two years on cluding those of race and population. the basis of the findings of these local "4. To follow out the recommendations of the scientific and other leaders in the groups. State-wide findings are to be encouragement of all scientific research work of value to Pacific peoples. prepared and in 1930 a "Conference on Christianity, Politics, Economics and Citizenship" will be held.

The Discussion Outlines cover the following topics:

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(1) The Social Function of the Church. the College of Missions of the Dis- (2) Family Problems. ciples of Christ at Indianapolis, the (3) Christian Citizenship. students were sent last year to the (4) Personality, Property and Social Kennedy School of Missions at Hart- Order. ford Connecticut, together with a (5) Economic Problems (Industrial group of furloughed missionaries. The and Rural). year's experiment there was so en- (6) International Problems. couraging that it has led to a decision (7) Religious Education. to affiliate the College of Missions with the Hartford school for three years. Protestants in Chicago The terms of the effected affiliation, T HE Chicago Church Federation briefly stated, are as follows: through its Young People's Commission has recently brought out the (1) The College of Missions preserves fourth edition of "The Official Direc- its full legal and institutional identity, tory of the Protestant Churches of with power to grant degrees. Metropolitan Chicago." It is a compendious volume of 228 pages, con- (2) Disciple students, though registaining exhaustive information con- tered in the College of Missions, have cerning the organized church life of access to all the courses, residential acthe city. Every Protestant church to- commodations, and other facilities offered gether with a complete list .of ·its by the Hartford Foundation, on equal officers is listed, along with much sup- terms with the students of the Hartford plementary information about the va- Schools. rious denominations in the city. (3) Hartford students, likewise, have Clinic for Theological Students equal access to courses provided by the College of Missions. WILLIAM S. KELLER, M.D., an Episcopal layman in Cincinnati, (4) The courses contributed by the spent the summer helping eighteen College of Missions will be supplementary students from the various divinity to those already existing in the regplar schools of the Protestant Episcopal schools of the Foundation, so that there Church to supplement their theological will be no duplication of work. education by a summer course in social work. He calls his experiment "A (5) The College of Missions will issue Clinic in Life Problems." The method a separate catalogue. is for each student to ally himself to one of the social work agencies in Cin- (6) The College of Missions Library cinnati, and for all the students to will cooperate by loans to the Hartford meet together in seminaries to discuss Library. their experience. Cooperation in California. Dr. Keller says: "Seminaries must find some way to retain all of their T HE principal religious bodies of spiritual value, continue to educate Los Angeles are making an effort clergy with the much-needed back- to cooperate in spiritual education for ground that the present-prescribed the students at the University of Calcourses assure and such additional ifornia. Representatives of Jewish, supervision as will make them scien- Protestant, Episcopalian and Catholic tific leaders of men, social diagnosti- groups, after discussing with the utcians and social engineers."-Federal most frankness the problem and need Council Bulletin. for religious education of some kind in institutions of higher learning, The College of Missions, Hartford came to a realization that cooperation was possible and desirable, without in- BECAUSE of the small group of fringing upon or attacking the doc- students in training, and the trinal positions of participating large expense in attempting to conduct churches. The consensus of opinion among the participating members of the various groups was throughout that religion must re-enter the educa- tional field formally or lose its in- fluence. As a result, articles of incorporation were filed at the end of July by which the University -Re-

ligious Conference was set up. In the spiritual preparation be made that hands of this organization will be those won may come into vital rela- placed the general control of various tion with Jesus Christ before they be- religious activities at the State Uni- come church members, as also that versity. There will be an effort to es- Christian growth necessitates the tablish a school of religion which will wisest Christian nurture. The read- offer courses in religious subjects and ing of the Bible received due emphasis.

philosophical studies for students. The simultaneous reading of the Bible Mr. Thomas S. Evans, formerly Gen- by scores of thousands of Christians eral Secretary of the Daily Vacation is exceedingly helpful and is rapidly Bible Schools, has been called as Gen- growing. The books to be read next eral Secretary of this student work at January and February are the Epis- the University. tles to the Corinthians and St. Mark, to be followed by the Fellowship of A "Retreat" on Evangelism Prayer. Plans are already well under T HE Commission on Evangelism way for a united celebration of the and Life Service of the Federal nineteen hundredth anniversary of Council of the Churches of Christ in Pentecost in 1930. '

America held a "retreat" of three days during June at the Gramaton Hotel, Fe.deration of Protestant Charities Bronxville, .New York. The member- ,..S THE general field of philanthropy ship of the company is made up of the tl. is surveyed there are three broad Secretaries of Evangelism in the va- divisions which it is believed can be rious churches represented in the Fed- regarded as. reasonably permanent; era.l Council and invited guests. namely, Catholic, Jewish and Protes- According to the "Findings" it was tant.

deemed wise that more thought should If one wishes to make contributions be given to the matter of "integrating to Jewish or Catholic institutions, new members into the life and work without specifying definite organiza- of the Church," and now effective tions, there are vehicles already in methods must be found whereby this existence in the Federation of Jewish can be done successfully. It was felt Charities, and the Catholic Charities.

that in "all classes preparatory to Hitherto no similar vehicle has existed church membership due emphasis for Protestant Charities, with. the re- should be placed on the fact that en- sult that Protestant donors have been listment in the church was for life obliged to select specific institutions and for a life of service. The vital without assurance that in the course relationship between evangelism and of time these institutions may not education was clearly brought out. cease to function.

Religious education must be evangel- With this in view the Directors of ism before it can meet the needs of the Federation of Agencies Caring for an age so largely dominated by a Protestants considered it wise to en- materialistic, mechanistic and human- large the scope of the Federation to istic philosophy of life. Religious provide a Foundation for Protestant education must look toward the full charitable bequests on a permanent development of personality, through basis. It is hoped that the Protes- an unreserved commitment to Christ tant Federation will become a vehicle and His cause, a consciousness of God through which those who wish to give and a knowledge of those things which or bequeath money for the benefit of make for the unfolding of Christian Protestant institutions may do so with character. confidence that their gifts will be per- The conference recommended that manently and wisely used. Among the the positive values of Home Visitation Directors are Ancell H. Ball, William Evangelism be conserved and that Evarts Benjamin, Edmund Dwight, ministers and laymen see to it that all Walter E. Frew, Edwin Gould, Wil-

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

liam H. Gratwick, Charles D. Hilles, schools. Less than one third of the Alfred E. Marling, James H. Post, Indians in the United States are re- George W. Wickersham and William lated to Christian communions. Many H. Woodin. Full information will be thousands are "neglected by all Chris- gladly supplied by any of the Directors tian agencies, and a large percentag~ or by Miss Cutter, Executive Secre- of the old Indians on the reservations tary, 151 Fifth Avenue, New York. cling to their Indian religions. In many communities there is no Chris- Ministers' Conference at Hampton tian ministry. The Board of Home Missions of the Methodist Episcopal SELDOM do we have a better illus- Church, which is authority for these .tration of the vitality of present statements, asks the question: "Is this day religious interest than through not a challenge to the Church and to the fifteenth session of the Ministers' us who make up the church member- Conference at Hampton Institute. ship?" Fourteen years ago when Reverend Laurence Fenninger came to Hampton Few Chinese WODlen in the U. S. as chaplain, Dr. Frissell related his interest in doing something that would A GREAT deal of the missionary give the ministry the advantages of work for Chinese in the United more experienced leadership in re- States has overlooked their social segligion. The result was a conference regation and practical celibacy as obat which twenty-three ministers stacles to the work. This statement gathered to think together upon their is quoted from an editorial in The task. Congregationalist, which goes on to say: "Of the Chinese immigrant in In fourteen years, under the con- continental United States, there are tinuous guidance of Mr. Fenninger, sixteen men to every woman, accordthe conference has grown to be one ing to the last census. The proporof the largest in the country, staffed tion of men to women was very much with the ablest leaders in all the de- larger in the earlier years of Chinominations. The attendance of 445 nese immigration. The inadequacy of ministers this year, and the wide rep- Christian work among the Chinese in resentation from sixteen States and the United States is partly explained fifteen denominations, indicates the by this abnormal social condition. resentation from sixteen states and Strong Chinese churches have been ing. built up only where there was a nor- mal family life. And the children of Unchrutianized Indians Chinese families in America provide the greatest promise and the greatest T HE Indian is not a vanishing race. opportunity. The hope of Christian Anthropologists believe there are Americanization for the Chinese comas many Indians in the United States munities is in the American-born Chinow as there were when Columbus dis- nese. Nearly one third of the Chinese covered America. There are 346,000 listed by the census are American in continental United States, and 37,- citizens by right of birth. In San 000 in Alaska. Practically all of the Francisco, there is a Chinese chapter young Indians speak English-owing of the Native Sons. These Chinese to schools, travel, and contact with Americans are not, however, free from whites. There are about 233 govern- the social and economic restrictions m~nt Indian schools. Of these, 154 imposed upon their parents. The Chiare reservation day schools, 54 are nese young men suffer a special hardreservation boarding schools, 25 are ship in not being permitted to seek non-reservation boarding schools (5 wives from China." of which offer high school work). There are also 37 Roman Catholic mission schools and 20 Protestant mission

LATIN AMERICA the distribution of the Bags will take place throughout the country. On this Porto Ricans Value Hospital Committee are two representatives of the Department of Education, one for By AN official act of the Porto the University Women, one for the Rican legislature, the Presby- Association of Catholic Schools, one terian Hospital at San Juan has been for the Federation of Christian Workdeclared tax-exempt for a ten-year ers, one from the Journalists' Union, period. This exemption comes as a and one from the Parents and Teachdefinite expression of appreciation for ers Association. the services of the hospital, which has been called by a business man in San It is estimated that there will be be- Juan "the hardest-used and best-kept- tween 25,000 and 26,000 Bags to be up building in the city." Senator L. distributed among 15,000 primary Sanchez Morales, largely responsible schools, having 1,250,000 pupils. for the introduction of the bill, says: "I did it complying with my duty as Training Guatemalan Youth a legislator and a Porto Rican, because your institution is lending a great T HE activities of the American service, specially to the poor. The Presbyterian Mission in Guatemala Presbyterian Hospital is one of the City include a boys' and a girls' school, greatest American institutions in our a hospital and nurses' training school, island. I .am its neighbor, and I work among the churches, and a printknow." The resolution recommending ing press and publishing plant. In the the exemption notes that the total boys' school, which has been projected number of pay patients treated in the along self-help and industrial lines, hospital during the year 1927 was there has been an enrollment of only 1,326 while the total number of twenty-two boys. The course of study non-paying patients treated in the dis- prepares the students to meet the regpensary was 47,485; and also that of ular government examinations. All of the sixty-five beds in the hospital only the students have contracted to pay, fourteen are pay beds. It further pointed out that of the $250,000 needed or earn by extra work, enough to for the new home for nurses only $30,000 is given by the people of Porto cover the cost of their meals. Such Rico, the rest being raised from work is done in a mechanical shop, a charitable sources in the United carpenter shop or the dairy depart- States by the efforts of the Board. ment. All work must be of a grade This new home will increase the capa- which not only is worth the specified city of the hospital fifty per cent. amount to the school, but would pay for itself in the commercial world as Mexican Friendship Project well. Thus the students from the be- ginning must do work which will I N FURTHERANCE of the Friend- stand the test of comparison with that ship School Bag project, Mrs. of regular workers in a given trade. Jeannette W. Emrich went to Mexico The hospital is full, and in one recent to represent the Committee on World letter Dr. C. A. Ainslie reported that Friendship Among Children at the the operating room was booked for public presentation of the Bags on eleven days ahead. Miss Genevieve Mexico's Independence Day, Septem- Chapin writes that it has been most ber 16th.. Dr. Moises Saenz, Assistant interesting to watch the nurses de- Secretary of Education, reports great velop as workers and as Christian interest among adults as well as chil- characters. Though coming from bare dren of Mexico in anticipation of the adobe huts, they soon learn intelligent distribution of the Bags. Dr. Saenz use of modern nursing supplies, and, reports the formation of a Mexican even more surprising, soon learn to Committee on World Friendship take the lead in helping to better conamong Children, under whose auspices ditions-a new venture for Guate- malan women. This year there are

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

nineteen nurses in training, and nine- apply with equality, gives preference teen others are on the application list. to the Orthodox Church and allows too much state interference in religion." EUROPE Summarizing the situation as a whole, it is described as "implicit in the Rhenish Mission whole political problem, in which it is to be hoped the League of Nations may I N SEPTEMBER this society will have increasing influence. The stupid- celebrate its centennial. The soc- ity of conquering nations in their atciety enters upon its centennial with titude toward alien minority subjects 391,826 native Christians. Since the is a sad fact of history and is being War there have been 160,000 acces- repeated."-The Christian Intellisions notwithstanding the fact that gencer. Borneo and New Guinea have been separated from its field of labor. All Russian Evangelical Union There are at present 75 chief stations, and 707 out-stations, with 782 organ- ON THE basis of a resolution of the ized congregations. Last year alone Tenth All Russian Evangelical 12,181 candidates were baptized. There Christian Conference, held at Leninwere in active service 89 ordained grad, Russia, Nov. 30th to Dec. 6, missionaries, and 2,123 other helpers. 1926, supplemented by further resolu- tions passed by the Plenary Council ,teligious Conditions in Europe of the All Russian Evangelical Chris- tian Union at Leningrad, Sept. 27th to T HE condition of religious minor- Oct. 4, 1927, a permanent office of the ities in several parts of Europe is All Russian Evangelical Christian still grave, according to a report made Union has been opened at 156 Fifth at the July meeting of the Adminis- Avenue, New York City, replacing the trative Committee of the Federal provisional organization established in Council of the Churches of Christ in Chicago, IlL, in November, 1926, un- America by Dr. Charles S. Macfar- der the name of American Council of land, General Secretary of the Council. Representatives of the All Russian The report is based upon an extended Evangelical Christian Union. itinerary this spring and early summer, which included most of the coun- The Council of the All Russian tries on the Continent of Europe, Evangelical Christian Union has except Russia. adopted the following details of opera- tion of the American Offices of the "Violent attacks on minority groups Union. seem to have ceased," Dr. Macfarland reports, "except the anti-Semitic out- 1. The purpose of establishing the breaks. The most difficult situation American Offices of the A. R. E. C. U. is appears still to be in Roumania. The to create knowledge of the past accom- Lutherans are declared to be unable plishments of this sixty-year-old moveto supply their pastorates because only ment of Russian Christians; to create, those of Roumanian nationality are strengthen and maintain ties of spiritual allowed to serve, and Roumanian citi- fellowship between the churches and zenship is hard to acquire. The law membership of the A. R. E. C. U. and all limiting the existence of minority American Christians and to invite spiritchurches to those of a certain size de- ual, moral and financial support for the prives many small communities of any spread of the Gospel of our Lord and church life. The repression of their Saviour Jesus Christ in the greatest school still continues. One main present-day mission field of the world. school, legally restored to the Reformed Church three years ago, is still 2. An American Secretary, a Russian held back." Secretary, with such other aides as may be necessary, will be appointed by the "Although the new Law of Cults Council of the A. R. E. C. U., to receive has been passed," the report explains, their authority from and be responsible "it is not yet in operation. It does not to the Council.

3. An American Christian of known integrity and spiritual standing will be

invited to serve as Treasurer of the unity, mutual understanding and Chris- American Offices of the A. R. E. C. U. tian Fellowship.

4. For the spiritual, moral and ad- h. The work of the A. R. E. C. U. in America will be purely spiritual, as visory support of the American offices, it has always been in U. S. S. R., and the A. R. E. C. U. will name a number absolutely free from any political bias or of American Christian friends of Russia, activity, being faithful solely to Jesus not to exceed fifty, as members of the Christ and true to the traditional good will and friendship between all Chris- American Advisory Council. tian brothers. 5. The general plan of work of the Since the return to Russia of Mr. American Offices of the A. R. E. C. U. I. S. Prokhanofi', President of the A. for the next ten years will be;- R. E. C. U., in 1926, the following publication work has been accom- a. In addition to the funds raised an- plished out of gifts of American nually in Russia by the Council of the Christians :-Russian Bibles, 35,000; New Testament and Psalms, 25,000; A. R. E. C. U., American Christians Russian Hymn Books (Spiritual will be asked to provide $105,000 an- Songs), 45,000; The Gospel Adviser (almanac), 2 years, 30,000: Russian nually for the next ten years, to be Bible Concordance 15,000. expended for Missionary Support, Scrip- The officers of the "Union" in ture production, publication work and America are: Alwyn Ball, Jr., Treas- urer, Norman J. Smith, American maintenance of Leningrad Bible College. Secretary, and John Johnson, Russian Also a Building Fund for the erection of Secretary. new buildings for the Bible College, a central building for the various branches COMING EVENTS of the work of the A. R. E. C. U. at COUNCIL OF WOMEN FOR HOME MIS- Leningrad, and model Prayer Houses in SIONS, EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE, NEW the two largest cities of Russia, Lenin- York, N. Y…………….. Oct. 2-3 grad and Moscow. FEDERATION OF WOMAN'S BOARDS OF b. The monthly magazine The Gospel FOREIGN MISSIONS, EXECUTIVE CoM- MITTEE, New York, N. Y….. Oct. 4-5 in RU8sia will be continued in New York: circulars, letters, pamphlets and books CONVENTION OF THE UNITED LUTHERAN will be printed: meetings will be held, CHURCH, Erie, Pa. . ……… Oct. 9- and all good Christian methods of pre- NEW YORK STATE SUNDAY SCHOOL senting this opportunity to aid in the CONVENTION, Schenectady, .. Oct. 9-12 spread of the Gospel throughout Russia GENERAL CONVENTION OF THE PROTESwill be used. TANT EPISCOPAL CHURCH, Washing- c. The Council of the A. R. E. C. U. ton, D. C. …… . ……… Oct. 10- will originate and carryon through its AMERICAN BOARD OF COMMISIONERS FOR Secretaries the general program of work FOREIGN MISSIONS, ANNUAL MEET- ING, Bridgeport, Conn….. Oct. 16-18 of the American Offices. The Council will also supply necessary information DAY OF PRAYER FOR WORLD-WIDE REregarding the work of the A. R. E. Co U. LIGIOUS REVIVAL, Armistice Day …. in Russia, and will provide the general ………………………. Nov. 11 contents of printed matter, books, etc. INTERNATIONAL GOODWILL CONGRESS, d. The American Offices will make New York, N. Y………. Nov. 11-13 monthly General and Financial Reports NATIONAL INTERRACIAL CONFERENCE, Washington, D. C……… Nov. 18-21 to the Council of the A. R. E. ·C. U. in Leningrad, which will reciprocate with UNITED STEWARDSHIP COUNCIL, Rofinancial reports and information to aid chester, N. Y…………… Dec. 3-4 the American Offices in spreading a FEDERAL COUNCIL OF THE CHURCHES, knowledge of the work and needs in QUADRENNIAL MEETING, Rochester, Russia. Every member of the Advisory N. Y…………………. Dec. 5-12 Council will be supplied with all reports, that they may be fully informed of con- CONFERENCE ON THE CAUSE AND CURE OF WAR, Washington, D. C.. Jan. 14-18 ditions at the offices and on the field. f. All information sent from the Coun- cil of the A. R. E. C. U. at Leningrad to the American Offices, as well as all letters, articles, photographs, etc., being the property flf the A. R. E. C. U., can- not be used for any other purpose than those indicated by the Council of the A. R. E. C. U., for which the Secretaries will be held responsible.

g. The work of the A. R. E. C. U. in America is based-as it has always been in Russia-on fundamental principles of the teachings of Jesus Christ and His Glorious Gospel. fostering brotherly relations with all Evangelical Christian denominations, and promoting a spirit of

~E OOKS WORTH READIN ~~

Any books mentioned in these columns will be forwarded by us on receipt of price.-THE REVIEW.

RECOMMENDED BOOKS ON PopUlar Volumes AFRICA Can Africa Be Won? W. J. W. Roome. General 786d. Black. London. 1927. No man in this generation has trav- The Native Problem in Africa. Raymond L. Buell. 2 vo. $15.00. Macmillan, eled over Africa as widely and as con- New York. 1928. tinuously as Mr. Roome. Based on An exhaustive and powerful survey, wide reading, and large experience and observation, this book gives a compremade with the aim of determining the hensive view of Africa with its fareconomic and political effect of the im- reaching problems and possibilities. pact of western civilization upon the African native. The Christian Mission in Africa. Edwin W. Smith. $1.00. International Mis- Geographical Divisions sionary Council. New York. 1926.

The New Africa. Donald Fraser. 28. A study based on the proceedings of Church Missionary Society. London. the notable international conference 1927. Missionary Education Move- on Africa held at Le Zoute, Belgium, ment. $1.00. New York. 1928. September 14-21, 1926. Shows the effect of Western civiliza- The Golden Stool. Edwin W. Smith. 58. tion in building a literally new Africa Holborn Publishing House. London. out of primitive social and religious 1926. Doubleday, Doran & Co. $1.50. life. New York. 1928.

The Land of the Vanished Church; a Sur- Reviews the complex problems fac- vey of North Africa. J. J. Cooksey. 28. ing the administrator and the mission- World Dominion Press. London. ary. Broad of view and with rare in- 1926. sight, the author indicates where in Attempts to describe briefly and his judgment the solution of these problems is to be found. clearly the situation in Tunisia, Tripoli, Algeria and Morocco as viewed The Religion of the Lower Races as Illusfrom the standpoint of Protestant trated by the African Bantu. Edwin W. Christianity. Smith. 75 cents. Macmillan. New York. 1923. Thinking Black. Daniel Crawford. 2s 6d. Morgan & Scott. London. 1912. Vol. 1 of "The World's Living Re- ligions" series, prepared under the A picturesque interpretation of the direction of the Board of Missionary Central African. This book is out of Preparation of North America. The print in America. Dan Crawford of writer was for many years a mission- Luanza by James J. Ellis (28. Hulbert ary in Northern Rhodesia. Pub. Co., London) might be substituted.

Liberia-Old and New. James L. Sibley B'iographical and D. Westermann. $3.00. Double- day, Doran. Garden City, N. Y. 1928. Anatomy of African Misery. Lord Olivier. 68. Hogarth Press. London. 1927. A study of the social and economic A penetrating study of the burdens background of the country, particUlar emphasis being placed on educational born by Africans in Africa in their conditions and problems. contacts with the white races.

861

Thinking with Africa. Milton Stauffer. The Life of Robert Laws of Livingstonia.

75 cents. Missionary Education Move- W. P. Livingstone. 15s. Hodder & ment. New York. 1927. Stoughton. London. 1921.

One of the six volumes of the A fascinating biography, written in "Christian Voices Around the World" view of the jubilee of the Livingstonh~ series. Ten writers, four of them Mission, and emphasizing particularly African Negroes and one an American the pioneer work of Dr. Laws.

Negro, deal with varied aspects of the Livingstone, the Pathfinder. Basil Mathews. 60 cents. Missionary Edu- Christian approach to Central and cation Movement. New York. 1912. South Africa.

Africa and Her Peoples. F. Deaville Fascinating in style, this biography, Walker. 2s. Edinburgh House Press. intended for young people, brings out London. 1924. Missionary Education the adventure and significance of Liv- Movement. SOc. New York. 1928. ingstone's explorations with telling ef- fect. A bird's-eye view of the continent. Mackay of Uganda. Mary Yule. 38 6d. Is practically limited to the Africa of Hodder & Stoughton. London. n. d. Doubleday, Doran & Co. $1.50. New the black races, and only incidentally York. "In the heart of savage Africa, in touches the brown peoples of the northern countries or the whites of the South.

Sons of Africa. Georgina A. Gollock. 5s. the face of unparalleled difficulties, Student Christian Movement. London. the missionary engineer presented an Friendship Press. $1.50. New York. example of fearless courage, nobility 1928. of mind, and unfaltering faith." This Biographical sketches of notable Af- latest life of Mackay contains much new material. rican natives. These life stories are given with marked appreciation, ac- Francois Coillard, A Wayfaring Man. curate detail and literary distinction. Edward Shillito. 5s. Student Chris- tian Movement. London. 1923. George Grenfell; Pioneer in Congo. H. L. A restatement, in modern language Hemmens. 58. Student Christian Movement. London. 1927. and from the present-day point of Grenfell was "one of the first two view, of the life of one of the great modern missionary apostles. missionaries to enter the country, and for thirty years was leader of a group of Christian Adventurers." The Molfats. Ethel D. Hubbard. 60 cents. Missionary Education Move- Mary Slessor of Calabar. W. P. Living- ment. New York. 1917. stone. 38 6d. Hodder & Stoughton. London. Doubleday, Doran & Co. $2.00. A well-told story of the life of Rob- New York. ert and Mary Moffat, early missionary A woman of unique and inspiring pioneers in South Africa.

personality, and a truly heroic figure; MISCELLANEOUS few have possessed such moral and physical courage, or exercised such African Clearings. Jean Kenyon Mcimperious power over savage peoples. kenzie. $2.50. Houghton. Boston. 1924.

Robert Molfat; One of God's Gardeners. Inimitable word pictures of life in Edwin W. Smith. 58. Student Chris- the forests of Africa. Many of the tian Movement. London. 1925. chapters have appeared in different periodicals. The object has been "to place Mof~ fat in the historical and ethrological Friends of Africa. Jean Kenyon Macsetting of South Africa-a country kenzie. 75 cents. Central Committee that has changed so much during the on the United Study of Foreign Mislast hundred years that it is difficult sions. Cambridge, Mass. 1928.

for the present generation to realize Modern conditions in Africa, and the conditions under which he worked." the part Christian friends may hope

BOOKS WORTH READING

to play in meeting them, written for Junior Mission Study classes on the women in America who have not Africa.

access to the great mass of source Christ in Africa. W. Y. Fullerton. Stewmaterial. art of Lovedale, and Mary Slessor. Cuth- NOTE: An excellent graded bibli- bert McEvoy. 6d. each. Edinburgh. ography appears in volume. 1928. Those who prefer short sketches to Drums In the Darkness. John T. Tucker. longer biographies will find the kernel $1.75. Doran. New York. 1927. of heroic life stories in these stimu- A simple, but valuable account of lating monographs.

missionary work in Angola, its his- Across Africa with Livingstone. A game. tory, its problems, and its possibilities, London. 1928. by the Principal of Currie Institute at Juniors and their teachers will find Dondi. this game and the handwork a most The Man from an African Jungle. W. entertaining way to learn something C. Wilcox. $2.00. Macmillan. New of the Dark Continent and its great York. 1925. missionary explorer. A picture of Tizora, a native Ton- gan, the dominant figure in this story Africa. The Journal of the Internationof the establishing of an American al Institute of African Languages and mission in East Africa. Cultures. Edited by Diedrich Wester- man. Oxford University Press. Lon- AFRICA BOOKLETS don. 1928. Here is the first number of a new The Races Beyond. The Negro by J. K. journal that will be welcomed by all MacGregor; The Bantu by Robert H. students of Africa. Sir F. D. Lugard W. Shepherd. 12 mo. 96 pp. Is. each. describes the character and purpose of Edinburgh. 1928. the "Institute." Other articles discuss The first of these booklets relates Negro music, anthropology, African literature and various topics. One to the Africans around the Gold Coast paper is in German (by Prof. Meinand West Central Africa. The sec- hof) and two are in French. ond refers to the great South Central people. They are sketches for adults but are concise and reliable. The Lowland Indians of Amazonia. A Everyland Children. David and Susi- Survey of the Location and Religious Black and White. Lucy W. Peabody. Condition of the Indians of Colombia, Illustrated by Marjorie Woodbury Venezuela, the Guianas, Ecuador, Smith. 16 mo. 57 pp. 25c. North Peru, Brazil and Bolivia. By K. G. Cambridge, Mass. 1928. Grubb, F. R. G. S. 14 maps, 159 pp. Little people will learn, in this London. 58. 1927. .

charming little story, about David "The World Dominion Series de- Livingstone, the boy who grew up in Scotland and went to Africa, and scribes briefly the situation in various about Susi, the boy who grew up in Africa and through the Scotch boy, countries as viewed from the standlearned to love him and his God. point of the Kingdom of God," and this volume deals with the little known and neglected lowland Indians of northern South America.

Talks on David Livingstone. Talks on The Indian population of the coun- Africa Today. M. Monica Sharp. 8 vo. tries considered is estimated at 5,213,- 31 pp. Is. Edinburgh. 1928. 100, most of them being in the Andean section, where they constitute nearly Junior children, and those even 56 per cent of the population. The younger, will enjoy making the map of Africa, the model of the African Indians included here are those who village and other scrapbook work sug- have come partially under the influence gested in these booklets. Each has of Catholicism but have preserved the six talks and six maps, pictures and Indian tongue and can be effectually diagrams. They are excellent for reached only through these languages.

In the Andean section they average a Wm. A. Brown, Dr. Garvie, The little over ten per square mile while in Metropolitan of Thyatira, Bishop Dr.

the lowlands one per eleven square Ihmels, the Bishop of Manchester, and miles. Peru and Ecuador have the Prof. Harnack. The rest of the num- largest number per square mile, ber contains leading articles on all while the average for the entire region manner of ethical and social problems is only 1.28 per cent. Though the in their relation to the Church of Catholic pioneer, Anchieta, "won their Christ.

hearts by his long prayers, his purity It is the result of the work of the of life, his prophecies and his miracu- Continuation Committee of the Stock- lous powers," their great Apostle, Las holm Conference and has for its aim Casas, said later that "Christianity to give practical application to the for them was the surest road to the presentations of the Conference.

loss of liberty and slavery to Euro- C. T. BENZE.

peans." Cruel treatment from the settlers and later the inroads of tuber- Christian Essentials. John McDowell. culosis and entire lack of sanitation is New York. 1928. 184 pp. $1.75.

leading to their disintegration. As might be expected, this book from While the first Protestant work for the pen of one of the secretaries of them was begun by the Huguenot set- the Board of National Missions of the tlers of 1588, it really began with the Presbyterian Church, deals with some Moravians in 1738 and Dr. Kidder great Christian truths we believe and (Northern Methodist) in 1836. To- why we believe them. The chapters day nine Protestant missions at nine are characteristic of the author-full centers with 37 foreign workers are of the virility and rugged search for carrying on a varied ministry, with reality. only Gospel portions in seven languages to aid them. Twenty-four By training and experience Dr. Catholic Missions are also doing some- McDowell knows not only what Christhing for the lowland Indians. This tianity teaches, but why it is true. carefully prepared volume for the first To this end he has written these chapters, which include-The Essen- time gives detailed information as to tial Record-The New Testament; The what the Church faces in Indian work. Essential Factor-Jesus Christ; The Essential Claim-The Incarnation; H. P. B. The Essential Fact – The Resurrec- International Review for the Social Activi- tion. ties of the Churches. Issued under the authority of the International Institute Dr. McDowell does not write for the Commission by Dr. Adolf Keller. Edi- scholar, learned in textual criticism, tor of the British Section, Principal but for the average Christian who Alfred E. Garvie, D.D., of the Ger- wishes to know the evidences of his man, Prof. Dr. A. Titus, of the French, faith. Elie Gounelle, Pastor at St. Etienne. Quarterly 96 pp. 75 cents each. The Men's Clubs, Bible Classes, and University of Chicago Press, Chicago. Young Peoples' groups, may study this 1928. volume with profit. For the pastor A unique feature of this review is seeking a guide for mid-week studies that the articles are written in one of for his church night, this work should three languages, (English, German, fill an important place.

French) and is followed by a resume The attitude throughout is eminent- or abstract in the other two. The first ly fair and undogmatic. But no one number starts with introductory can question the loyalty of the writer words by men prominent at the Stock- to the truths of the New Testament, holm Conference, such as the Bishop and his strong personal allegiance to of Winchester, Dr. S. Parkes Cadman, the Christ. Those who seek for reality Dr. Nathan Soderblom, Dr. Kapler, will do well to study this book.

Mr. Gounelle, Mr. Wilfred Monod, Dr. JAMES F. RIGGS.

The Missionary Review of the World — September 1928

~ RESIDENCV OF EX-KING

EVANGELICAL CHRISTIAN PASTORS VISITING IN AN EGYPTIAN HOME "THOSE MISSIONARIES"

I T NEEDS a man of magnitude to make a missionary. Of the three men who left Antioch (in Syria) for the inauguration of the Christian emprise which has been carried on ever since, two were great enough to stand the terrific tests, and one proved unequal. Something like that proportion still holds. I have met thousands of Christian missionaries on their fields throughout the world, and at least two-thirds of them are first class. My own conviction is that the personnel of the missionary calling averages higher than that of any other profession, in personal character, in efficiency, and in devotion to their ideals.

Woodrow Wilson once said some searching words concerning the ministry, which apply peculiarly to the missionary: "You do not have to be anything in particular to be a lawyer; I have been a lawyer and I know. You do not have to be anything in particular, except a kind-hearted man, perhaps, to be a physician; you do not have to be anything, nor to undergo any strong spiritual change, in order to be a merchant. The only profession which consists in being something is the ministry of our Lord and Saviour-and it does not consist of anything else. It is manifested in other things, but it does not consist of anything else."

Nor is the missionary's efficiency limited to his own character or work; it is carried on by his children. A few weeks ago, at the Commencement of Agnes Scott College, in Georgia, I heard President McCain announce that, while only ten per cent of the students are daughters of ministers and missionaries, more than fifty per cent of all the honors had been won by them. Many statistical studies point to the same conclusion. In ways unintended, the missionary proves the truth of the Saviour's philosophy that he who would lose his life shall find it-and "unto the third and fourth generation." In sober fact, it is better to be the child of a minister than of a millionaire.-WILLIAM T. ELLIS, L.L.D. DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Editor SEPTEMBER TABLE OF CONTENTS FRONTISPIECE-A LETTER FROM THE Ex-KING OF ARABIA Page OBSERVATIONS ON A WORLD TOUR ………… STEPHEN J. COREY 693 MISSIONARY HISTORY IN THE MAKING •.•……………………. ……….. ………. . Reported in the REVIEW, September-October, 1878 700 THE MAPPILLAS OF MALABAR ……………….. SAMUEL M. ZWEMER 701 LOOKING BACK OVER FORTY yEARS ………. HELEN PIERSON CURTIS 710 AMERICAN INDIANS, YESTERDAY AND TODAY …. J. M. CORNELISON 713 THE PROGRESS OF THE GOSPEL IN SPAIN ………. J. H. HORSTMANN 717 A PARALYZED HOME MISSIONARy ……………. DAVID MCCONAUGHY 731 YI SANG-JAI OF KOREA …..••..•..•…••………….. JAMES S. GALE 734 TOPICS OF THE TIMES …..•..•..•………………………..•.. 736 THE NEW CHINA AND THE MISSIONARIES …….. COURTENAY H. FENN THE PRESENT CRISIS IN MEXICO WHAT I HAVE LEARNED ABOUT MISSIONARY METHODS ……… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . HELEN BARRETT MONTGOMERY 741 WOMAN'S HOME MISSION BULLETIN .. EDITED BY FLORENCE E. QUINLAN 743 WOMAN'S FOREIGN MISSION BULLETIN .. EDITED BY ELLA D. MACLAURIN 747 WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK ……………………………………… 750 BOOKS WORTH READING…………………………………….. 765 TERMS: $2.50 B year. ($2.00 in clubs of five.) Foreign postage, 60 cents. Single copies, 25 cents. Published monthly. Copyrighted, 1928, by MISSIONARY REvIEW PUBLISHING COMPANY, INC. All rights reserved.

THE MISSIONARY REVIEW PUBLISHING COMPANY, Inc.

ROBmRT E. SPEmR, Presldmt WM. L CHAMBeRLAIN, Vioe·Pre81denf WALTER McDOUGALL, Treasurer DeLAVAN L. PIERSON. SfJeretcvr'll Publlcatlon Ofllce, 3d '" Reily Sts., Harrisburg, Editorial and BUBines. Ofllce. 156 Fifth Avenue, Pa. 25c a copy. $2.1>0 a year. New York CItT Entered as second·ClaSS matter at the Post Office, Harrisburg, Pa., under Act of March 3, 1879. PERSONALS REV. JAMES CANTlNE, D.D., founder of . the Arabian Mission of the Reformed ::;" Church in America and Pioneer Missionary in the United Mission in Mesopo- LET YOUR GIFT tamia, who returned to the United States on account of the illness of Mrs. Cantine to Foreign Missions and expecting to retire from active service, sailed on August 25th to return to PAY YOU A LIFE INCOME his work in Mesopotamia. A further proof of his devotion is seen in the fact You can make a generous gift to foreign misthat he has gone at his own expense, sions and have a needed income for yourself leaving the mission funds for the sup- and others from the money you give by the port of new workers. Annuity Gift Plan BlSHOP FRANC*lS *J. *MCCONNELL has This plan relieves you of uncertainty and been elected acting president of the worry caused bychangingvaluesof invested Board of Foreign Missions of the Metho- funds and assures you a fixed income of dist Episcopal Church, to fill the vacancy caused by the death of the Bishop 4t% to 9% per year Luther B. Wilson, until the annual meeting of the Board in November. for the rest of your life MRS. ADA LEE*, f*or *more than fifty A reserve fund of over $1,500,000 guarantees years a missionary in India of the Meth- the prompt payment of annuities to you, odist Episcopal Church, most of the time Protect yourself against loss tlJro,?gh in Calcutta, has been decorated by King unwiseinvE'stmentR and at the same time help send the gospel-to all the world. George with the Kaisar-i-Hind gold medal. . .. For full z'n/ormation write Ernest F. Hall, Secretary, Dept, of Annuitie. MR. HUGH R. MONRO of New York, BOARD OF FOREIGN MISSIONS Vice-President of the Niagara Litho- of the Presbyterian Church, U. S. A. graph Company, was elected, at the recent convention in Los Angeles, Chair- 156 Fifth Avenue. New York man of the American Section of the World's Sunday School Association. :.'lllllllrrllrrlllllllllllrrllllllrrlllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllli1IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII~ OBITUARY ~ A LITTLE ARGUMENT I MRS. CHARLES L. WHlTE, the wife of WITH MYSELF the honored Executive Secretary of the American Baptist Home Mission Society, 1. If I refuse to give anythe President of the Home Missions thing to missions, I practi- Council, also one of the directors of the cally cast a ballot in favor of Missionary Review Publishing Com- the recall of every missionary pany, entered into rest on August first in home and foreign fields. from her summer home at Hampton Falls, New Hampshire. Mrs. White's 2. If I give less than before, beautiful Christian spirit gave complex- I favor a reduction of the mision and direction to many with whom sionary forces. she came in contact. Strength and honor were her clothing. Phillips Brooks 3. If I give the same as forsaid "The greatest contribution to the merly, I favor holding the world is a life; all else is lost in the ground already won, but I disstorm." Deep sympathy and sincere regard any forward moveappreciation of this life and her gifts ment. to the world go out to Dr. White and the daughters who are still making their 4. If I increase my offering contribution to the world in the name beyond former years, then I and spirit of Christ. favor an advance movement in the conquest of new territory MR. ARTHUR * L*lLE*Y, senior British for Christ.

V. Resolved: I believe in inmissionary of the North Africa Mission, creasing the present number of effective missionaries and fell asleep at Westcliff-on-Sea, England, in a more adequate supply of needs for the work, therefore from heart failure on June 24, 1928, the I will increase my gift. day following his arrival from Tunis – for medical treatment. Mr. Liley first sailed for Africa in 1882, and began to ~JJllllrllJ[IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIJJlIJIIIIIIIIIIIJIIIJIIIIIIIIIIIJIIIJJ[IIJIIIIJIIIIIIIII·llrllll~ work among the Moslems of Tunis in 1897. His son, Dr. James Liley, is engaged in medical mission work in Fez, Morocco.

Please mention THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD in writing to advertisers. ~ NICOSIA (Cyp~US) FREE TRANSIATION. To my honoured friend ete.ete.

After greeting, I wish to express to your Reverence my most sincere thanks and gratitude for the gift you ilad the kindness to send me, a.nd your thoughtful remembrance of me after your visl t. I refer to your gift of a number of publioations, but espeoial.ll to the .l.&rge edition of the Holl Bible which is the most important of all books because of its oontents and discussions.

Ma,. our Lord and M~er grant you your desires and health and strength, etc. etc.

Written on the 5th of the·month of the Hajj, 1346.

Copy of the original ana translation of a recent letter to Dr. Samuel M. ZWf'mer from formf'r King Hussain of Arahia.

LI, No.9 September

OBSERVATIONS ON A WORLD TOUR BY REV. STEPHEN J. COREY, D.D., St. Louis, Missouri Secreta.ry (Jf th(J United Ohri~tian JIis8ioHarv Society L1S ONE travels through the longing and realization are coming f i Orient, visiting the mission- more rapidly in the direction of ary work and talking with self-control, than of self-support, missionary and national Christian especially in lands like India and alike, the saying of Christ to His in China, where war conditions add disciples, at the instance of heal- difficulties to those arising from ing the man born blind, comes con- the deep poverty of the people. stantly to mind. "We must work the works of Him that sent me, An Oriental church, with Orienwhile it is day; the night cometh tal consciousness and culture, is when no man can work." Tides of rapidly taking the place of a Westmany kinds are running deep in ern Church which has been nat- China, Japan, India and the Philip- urally, and often unconsciously, pines these days, and the imme- transplanted from Occidental life diacy of the task is a constant be- and thought. This is a very hopeful hest. Delay will mean crystalliza- sign and, while bringing new probtion and lost opportunity. A few lems, it is also bringing new life. impressions are especially oustand- The situation in China has brought ing to the missionary observer. about a new realization of the need of placing heavy responsi- I. Indigenous Longings bility on native Christian shoul- ders. The missions which have In 1914, when I was in the Ori- not done so are suffering most ent the work was thought of in now. One is convinced also of the nearly all places, as the Church necessity of pushing the matter of planted from the West, as Chris- the indigenous Church, in Japan, tianity extended as a helping hand in the Philippines and in India, for from a far country. Today the at- who knows what the attitude to- titude is entirely different in most ward the foreign missionary will places. Naturalization of Chris- be, especially in the latter two tianity is rapidly taking place and countries, providing a change in everywhere the urge is toward a government should come. The con- church imbedded in national con- viction grows on one that all for- sciousness and of the soil. The eign missionary work, from its 693

very beginning, should be planned has been invaluable. But now it with the thought that native Chris- is recognized on every hand that tian communities must be created careful, concentrated effort is necto carryon the work, no matter essary to build Christian commuwhat may happen to the foreign nities and a well-grounded church. missionary. The emphasis should not be placed on the negative phase of "with- With the great difficulties faced drawing" from stations and cenin pioneer work, the slowness of ters, but rather on a rearrangethe task and the continuous change ment of the line for better work in missionary staff, lines of least and more permanent results. One resistance are sometimes followed, is convinced that there should be rather than the slower and more in many instances fewer centers patient policy of building a self- and more intensified work, looking supporting church early in the toward solid building, self-support work. So the growing desire, on and a native church which can exthe part of native Christians, for pand in the future. There will be an indigenous church needs to be imperative need for the spiritmade practical and substantial by filled missionary, for many years a constant pressure for self-sup- to corne; for when indigenous cenport. Of ,course there can be no ters are established and church self-support without three things leadership is wisely shifted to na- -stewardship, a strong native tive shoulders, there will be yet leadership and above all the win- great work for the missionary as ning of people to Christ to form a co-laborer, and as a pioneer in the Christian community. The the vast untouched regions. Let missionaries have these things on no one at the horne base be distheir hearts, but they need encour- couraged because the strategy at agement and help from home. The the front changes and forces are needs on the mission fields are the moved from long known but widely same as the needs elsewhere– separated centers, to more concengodliness, evangelism, consecrated trated areas. To change the figmen for the ministry and Christ- ure, there has been wide seed sowlike giving. No indigenous church ing, but now there must be deep with prevailing power is possible plowing and intensive cultivation without these characteristics. The and watering, that an indigenous difficulty of attainment is far church may spring up and take greater on the fields than at home. deep root in the soil.

II. A Shortened Line III. Christian Penetration in Japan In the face of the need of a welI- One visiting Japan, after an abestablished indigenous church, sence of more than a decade, is which will stay rooted deeply in struck by the change in the thinkthe soil, and in view of the finan- ing and outlook of the leaders, escial problems which confront the pecially in educational circles. The missionary boards, the cause is soul and conscience of the Sunrise confronted by the imperative need Kingdom are being awakened as of a shortened line of effort. never before. The material and Widespread witnessing has been educational advance has been very necessary in the past and the inter- great and along with this, Japan's penetration of Christian teaching

OBSERVATIONS ON A WORLD TOUR

best men and women are begin- and other schools, for a conference ning to wonder if the moral and on ChJristian teaching in the spiritual advance has been parallel schools. Formerly religious teach- with these forward steps. On ing has been barred from the cur- every hand one finds an anxious, riculum of all government and solicitous desire, that in keeping government recognized schools.

abreast of Western advance, the That day is rapidly passing. Of country shall not lose its soul. It course when it comes to moral and would seem that herein lies the ethical training through educa- hope of this wonderful little coun- tion, Christianity has unmeasured try and the great opportunity advantage over other religions.

of the Christian movement. In This is not only widely recognized fact, there is no doubt but that in Japan, but there seems to be Christian influence is largely back little prejudice against Christian- of this anxious hope for a moral ity on the part of Japan's leaders.

basis for life. One is impressed also by the There are many evidences of vis- wide-s pre a d dissemination .of ible and invisible influences of Christian principles in Japan, far Christianity in Japan. On the one greater than the ratio of avowed hand many. Christian leaders are Christians. This is being greatly found in all walks of life, and on aided by a very effective newspa- the other, many not identified with per propaganda, carried on by a the Christian movement are moved Christian bureau. Through this by Christian sanctions and ideals. organization, Christian sermons, Among educators there is a strong question boxes, and brief courses feeling that more moral teaching in Christian teaching, are printed is imperative in the schools and it in a very wide-spread way by the is coming to be commonly recog- secular press of Japan. There nized among them that only re- seems to be little difficulty in get- ligion offers the basis for this ting space for this fine propa- teaching. Again and again I have ganda. The Sunday papers, which had it said to me that education, are the most popular and widely per se, cannot save Japan, that love circulated, are especially used in of country" and emperor are not this work. The most remote vil- sufficient for the moral and ethical lages receive mail daily, Sunday life of the people. It is significant being no exception to the rule, and to know that in the last annual nearly everyone reads in Japan.

meeting of kindergartners for J a- Besides such dissemination of pan, the whole program was Christian teaching and the very shaped around moral and religious wide-spread knowledge and recog- education. In a more recent meet- nition of much of the teachings of ing of educators in Tokyo, it was Christianity, Christian schools decided that to bring the teachers have provided many of the teachers abreast of these ideals, there must of Japan. The time has come for be thorough training in morals Christian leaders to rise to the re- and character building, and that markable opportunity. It will religion was the real basis for this. take wise leadership and the new Following this the Christian Coun- opportunity will have to be kept cil of Japan called together all the free from controversy and attacks Christian teachers in government on the other religions of the land.

It will also be necessary for single- so deeply rooted in the great ilness of purpose and program to literate countries, are rapidly disprevail among the different Chris- appearing in this adolescent natian groups. Unity of the Chris- tion, which is carrying to a high tian forces in Japan is not as far state of education in a single genadvanced as in many other fields, mation. On every side is educabut here sectarian differences tion desired and from the lowliest would be fatal in grasping the to the highest it is attainable. great opportunity, when the edu- Ignorance and the static mind, concation and statesmen of Japan are tent with the past and enslaved by turning to religion as their hope it, are rapidly giving way before in moral teaching. the free public school.

IV. Unique Opportunity in The 3. While portions of the East Philippines present a difficult approach to the presentation of Christian teaching The Philippines, being of rela- just now, the Philippines are open tively small population, are usually and doors stand ajar everywhere under-rated as to importance, for entrance. There is an eduwhen it comes to mission areas. cated mind and it is eager and re- There are many things which ceptive. make the Islands significant and work there timely. 4. Women are accorded a place in the Philippines, approaching the 1. The Philippines are in the standing given them in America Orient and it is doubtful if there and Britain. Everywhere they are is any place from which the whole teaching in the village, town and Orient can be approached more city schools. Even far back in the effectively. They lie at the cross- mountains, a m 0 n g the pagan roads of the Pacific and, although tribes, recently head hunters, are not a great nation in size, what found evangelical Christian young happens there is at once known women, teaching the youth and in throughout the whole of the East. perfect safety and protection. For instance, no Eastern country Trained nurses from the mission is being so watched by India as the hospitals go everywhere through- Philippines. Educators, social re- out the Islands and serve the comformers, politicians and all those munities. interested in India's future, are closely studying conditions and de- 5. And equally important, the velopments there. The reports on Filipino, as no other Oriental, uneducation, health and agricultural derstands the West and its spirit developments in the Islands are and can serve as the interpreter befound in the libraries of India and tween East and West. He is apare being eagerly scrutinized by proachable, and easily adapts him- India's leaders. self to the ideas and outlook of the West. His sympathy and under- 2. In the Philippines, as no- standing make him susceptible to where else in the Orient, with the evangelical Christianity introduced possible exception of Japan, the fu- from America. ture destiny of the country will be in the hands of the educated youth, V. China, the Test of Our Missionary who have recently come on the scene. Prejudice and superstition, Effort Perhaps nowhere in the world is missionary effort being put to so

OBSERVATIONS ON A WORLD TOUR

severe a test as just now in China. China, persist and increase in War is war, anywhere and any- power? We believe that it will time, and under its baleful influ- and there are many indications ence Christian effort has always that this supreme test which is be- been put to a sever test. At the ing applied to Christian work in present moment missionary work China is not an unmixed evil. Out in China is also being put to trial of it all is coming a stronger, more before a nationalism which has self-reliant and a purified church.

been filled with suspicion of for- The Chinese Christian leaders are eigners and the introduction of assuming, from necessity, respon- things from abroad. Parallel with sibilities which they never dreamed this is the opposition of a strong of taking and out of it all Chris- anti-Christian movement. This tianity is being naturalized and last finds its expression in several made indigenous as never before.

ways. First in opposition to reli- One is thrilled and heartened by gion as such, as being in con- the courage and faith of great tradiction to science and lending numbers of Chinese leaders, both itself to subservience of the peo- men and women. Just as followple, a distinctly Russian contribu- ing the Boxer persecution in North tion. Second, opposition to Chris- China, the Church came out of the tianity in general, as being imprac- dark days, enobled and strengthtical in its ideals and likewise as ened, so now out of war and oppobeing associated with the aggres- sition and sacrifice is coming a sion, land grabbing and unfair better church. The superficial and treaty relations of Western na- mercenary elements have been tions. Third, the contention that sifted out and a fellowship of gen- Christianity denationalizes the uineness and spiritual reality re- Chinese and identifies them with mains. Western imperialistic influence. It is to be noted with gratification And the home Church must see that this anti-Christian movement to it that real support is given finds no fault with the person or teaching of Christ himself. It has during these days of crisis. If the been a move against organized cause in China ever needed friend- Christianity, as identified with the ship and support from the home West. base, it is now.

Along with these difficulties fac- When the crisis came in China, ing Christian effort, has come the a year ago, and the missionaries withdrawal of the larger part of withdrew, there were three posthe missionary force from China sible ways of meeting the situation. and the general recognition that First, the Western Church might the workers returning will be have broken all connection, en- tirely withdrawing and leaving the Chinese Church to go on alone. Second, the attitude might have fewer in number, at least for some been simply one of sympathy, but time. having the Chinese as petitioners Now how is the missionary to get what they could from us by movement standing the test of asking for it. Third, was the pos- these revolutionary conditions? sibility of hearty and resolute co- Will Christian effort, put forth at operation with the Chinese Church such sacrifice and expense in and leaders, leaving the relation-

ship of the missionary to adjust it- the 230,000,000 people that live in self and trusting the Chinese India. Many of them are weak Christians implicitly to settle the Christians, to be sure, just as is matter of their going back. The the case in America, but out of first course would have been hard this host of believers are a vast and unChristian, the second would number who witness daily for our have placed the Chinese Christians Lord. Who can measure the in the position of beggars. The strength of this leaven? One can third course was the one chosen. hardly go into a town, or ride on There is no doubt as to its wisdom. a train in India, without coming Having taken the position we must in contact with someone who has back it up by unfailing sympathy been in a Christian school. These and support. Not only is the men occupy positions of trust and Christian movement in China pass- responsibility. They are not all ing through a severe trial, but we Christian by profession, but they also, the Church of the sending never can get away from the incountries, are being tested as to fluence of those years of Christian the genuineness and self-forgetful- training. Many of them who do ness of our missionary interest. not openly claim allegiance to Christ are secretly His followers. VI. India And as one gets to know more of the bonds and ramifications of What shall one say of India after caste, one understands this contraonly three months in a land of such dictory attitude a little better. And variety and contrasts? A land wherever one talks with one of where one slow-moving stream of these trained in Christian schools, humanity has borne the same cus- whether he be Christian, or Hindu, toms and life for thousands of or Mohammedan, his words of years, while on top of it flows rap- praise are high for the missionary, idly a current of changed life in who has come from a far country agonizing adjustment to the civili- to help India. And what a divine zation of later days. The most re- service to India has been the eduligious land in the world and the cation of so many of her young most in need of true religion. A women. And these, from the naland bound by caste, superstition, ture of the case, who have gone on ignorance, and the tragic mind and into education above the primary body slavery of girlhood and wom- grades, are all Christian women, anhood all under the sanction of As one visits the girls' schools of religion. A land of sacred rivers, the various mission boards and sacred trees and sacred animals- comes to the climax in colleges like more sacred than virtue, or service Isabella Thoburn at Lucknow, or holiness. This land where re- where the womanhood of India is ligions were born, but where the brought to such high, beautiful new birth of the soul is so difficult. levels, one feels like saying with But there are many things to en- conviction, "If this were all the recourage. sults, the long work of Christian missions in India would have First, there is a great loss of abundantly paid." Christians and Christian leaders in India. And the 5,000,000 who call Second, the leaven of the Kingthemselves by the name of Christ dom of God is working in India are scattered everywhere among

OBSERVATIONS ON A WORLD TOUR

outside the visible Church, as per- India. Many believe but will not haps in no other non-Christian yield to baptism. You of the West land. Gandhi has been teaching cannot understand what it means his students in the life of Christ, to break caste. It is a terrible oralthough he is a Hindu according deal. Many have given up much to his own statement. In talking of caste, but to break all ties by with the head of an outstanding avowing one's self a Christian, is a Hindu school the other day, he terrible ordeal! It is coming and quoted from the words of Christ some day there will be an upheaval more freely than any college presi- in India such as the world has dent with whom I have talked in a rarely seen. In the meantime, long while. Pictures of the Christ every missionary, every convert, are for sale in all the shops where every school and every teacher, pictures are sold, even within the counts beyond measure." precincts of Hindu temples. In conversation with Hindus, they A MISSIONARY HYMN* often place Jesus as the highest among "holy" men. In a great By REV. HENRY BURTON, D.D. Boy Scout meeting attend~d by members of. many different Hindu There's a light upon the mountains, and castes and Mohammedans, there the day is at the spring, was an opening prayer service each morning and Jesus was recog- When our eyes shall see the beauty and nized along with other religious the glory of the King; leaders. A Mohammedan chief magistrate, of a district from Weary were our hearts with waiting, and which missionaries were to be the night-watch seemed so long, withdrawn because of financial needs, spent an hour urging upon But His triumph-day is breaking, and me the need of the missionary in we hail it with a song. that district. "What restraint will there be upon the people if your In the fading of the starlight we can see Christian leaders go? Their un- the coming morn; selfish service is worth more than anything else in my district. Your And the lights of men are paling in the woman medical missionary, who splendors of the dawn; goes many miles at any time of the night, or day, to help my people, For the eastern skies are glowing as with has more influence with them than light of hidden fire, I have. Love is the greatest power among these folks and where is it And the hearts of men are stirring with to come from when you folks who the throbs of deep desire. believe in Christ have gone?" There's a hush of expectation, and a A leading Christian educator, quiet in the air, who had suffered terribly when he became a Christian, because of the And the breath of God is moving in the bitter opposition of his family and fervent breath of prayer; his caste, said to me with deep For the suffering, dying Jesus is the feeling: "The leaven of Christian Christ upon the throne, teaching is working powerfully in And the travail of our spir.it is the tra- vail of His own.

He is breaking down the barriers, He is casting up the way, He is calling for His angels to build up the Gates of Day; But His angels here are human, not the shining hosts above, For the drum-beats of His army are the heart-beats of our love.

Hark! we hear a distant music, and it comes with fuller swell; 'Tis the triumph-song of Jesus, of our King, Immanuel!

Christians, go ye forth to meet HimI And, my soul, be swift to bring All thy sweetest and thy dearest for the triumph of our King!

*From the Bombay Guard·ian.

MISSIONARY HISTORY IN THE MAKING News Noted in the MISSIONARY REVIEW for September- October, 1878 Dr. Cyrus Hamlin, President of Robert College Constantinople, wrote of the need of "Christian Education in Unevangelized Lands." Then there was practically no modern education in these lands except the small schools by Christian missionaries. To-day missionaries conduct kindergartens, elementary, middle and high schools, industrial, teacher training, medical and theological schools and colleges in ninety mission fields with a total of 2,500,000 pupils under instruction.

'" '" '"

The bitter opposition of the people of the Pacific Coast in America, to the coming of Chinese immigrants, was shown by a bill introduced into the Senate by Mr. Slater of Oregon. President U. S. Grant expressed the conviction that the American people will extend justice and kindness to the Chinese, as to the rest of the world.

The exodus of the freed'"sla*ves*from the Southern States to the North and West is noted as a check to wrongs suffered.

*** The Bishop of Sierra Leone reported the confirmation of 563 candidates for baptism on a recent visit. Archdeacon Samuel Crowther described the wholesale destruction of idols and fetishes or jUjU8.

* '" '"

The Queen of Madagascar sent the son of the Prime Minister to England to receive a Christian education. He was reported to have recently confessed his faith in Christ.

*** Rev. Wm. Holland and his family reported that they had been banished by the Spanish Government from Fernando Po, West Africa, because of their evangelical work.

T HE British and Foreign Bible Society reports its total issues for the year ending March 31, 1928, to be 9,936,714 volumes. While this is a decrease of about 200,000 from the total of the previous year, it is still a magnificent record.

*** The total issues of the American Bible Society for its last year were 10,034,797 volumes. It has the distinction, for the first time in its history, of having issued more volumes of Scripture than any other organization in the world.

*** The full report of Bibles, Testaments, and portions issued by the British and Foreign Bible Society is not yet available. Probably it continues to lead in the total number of whole Bibles issued by anyone Society in the world.

'rnm HUSANIABAD GATE AT

THE MAPPILLAS OF MALABAR BY REV. SAMUEL M. ZWEMER, D.D., Cairo, Egypt I NDIA has a larger Moslem pop- of Egypt, Arabia and Persia, is ulation than all the lands of greatly neglected, compared with North Africa, the Near East the lands of the Near East. and Southeastern Europe put together. It was placed on record There are other Moslem areas as one of the findings of the J eru- and populations of India unoccusalem Conference in 1924 "that pied, especially in Kashmir and on Moslem India is in a very real the Northwest Frontier. But most sense an unoccupied field." deplorably neglected of all are the Moslems of Malabar. Perhaps the present situation for all India cannot be truly char- During our recent visit to India acterized in terms so strong. It is we were privileged to travel from still true that of the total foreign Bombay to Calcutta, and from the missionary staff of 6,027 for a to- Khyber Pass to Colombo, holding tal population of 319,128,721 there missionary institutes for the study is not at all a sufficient proportion of method at nineteen places. In at work among the nearly 70,000,- South India the study groups were 000 Moslems. Bengal with over even larger than in the north and 25,000,000 Moslems, a little less we often heard Indian Christians than the total Moslem population pray for the Mappillas. When, therefore, the choice was before 701

us of spending a few days at Kot- gateway is Calicut. It is a land of tayam to attend the annual con- dense forests, tangled jungle and vention of the Syrian Church, or cultivated valleys with palms of to visit Calicut and see something cocoanut and rice fields. Among of the large group of Moslems the most characteristic features of numbering over a million (1,032,- Malabar are the lagoons or back- 757) in Malabar we decided for waters that stretch in a line down the Moslems and sent a written the coast. They are connected by message to the Christians. AI- artificial canals and the whole scene has features that remind one THE MAGIC SQUARE FROM THE LAS'L' of Java in its beauty and verdure. PAGE OF A MALAYALAM KORAN There is disagreement regarding Printed by "11. P. Aboobacker Aboo, the name of the people and their merchants a:nd Arabic book-sf'llers in origin, but all are agreed that the Calicut." It contains numbers, the names Mappillas are among the most of the planets and signs of the Zodiac to confer good luck, and ends with a virile and also the most trouble- some of the Moslems of India. prayel' and threefold amen Malabar is the zone of fanaticism in the south even as the Afghan though the Basel Mission has been frontier is that of the north. at work for many years in Malabar, little has been done for these The name MappilIa has been Malayalam-speaking Moslems, who variously interpreted to mean form thirty per cent of the total "mother's son" or "bridegroom," population and are steadily in- in allusion to the supposed union creasing. between the early Arab traders with women of the country; but Malabar proper is the strip of it is perhaps merely a title (ma, coast below the Western Ghats in- great and pilla, child) which was habited by a people speaking the given to foreigners whether Mos- Malayalam language, a branch of lem (Chonaka Mappilla) or Christhe Dravidian stock, who form a tian (Nasrani Mappilla). There peculiar race with castes, customs was considerable trade between and traditions of their own. The Arabia and Malabar in the eighth administration center and railway and ninth centuries, and no doubt many of the traders gradually set- tled in the country. As traders they would come without their women and as Mohammedans would not fail to proselytise; and the result was a hybrid community composed of the offspring of mixed unions and of converts from the lower classes of the Hindus. The Zamorin of Calicut, who was one of the chief patrons of Arab trade, definitely encouraged conversion in order to man the Arab ships on which he depended for his ag- grandisement; and he is said to have directed that in every family

THE MAPPILLAS OF MALABAR

of fishermen in his dominion one here that the Perumal came for or more of the male members the first time into contact with the should be brought up as Moham- persons, who were to be pioneers medans. of Islam in Malabar, or whether they, or some of them, had been All Malayali accounts are sub- of the party of pilgrims with stantially in accord as to the fol- whom he originally set out from lowing facts: Kodungallore. But however this may be, the names of the persons "The last emperor or king of have been handed down by tradi- Malabar was one Cheraman Pe- tions. From the names it may rumal, who reigned at Kodungal- perhaps be gathered that the party lur. Cheraman Perumal dreamed that the full moon appeared on the DR. AND MRS. ZWEMER (AT RIGHT) LOOKING OVER 'i'HE KLUYBER PASS INTO FOrtBIDDEN AFGHANISTAN night of new moon at Mecca in consisted of Malik-ibn-Dinar, his Arabia, and that when at the me- two sons, one grandson, and his ridian she split in two, one half grandson's wife, and their family remaining and the other half de- of fifteen children. scending to the foot of a hill called Abikubais, when the two halves There is good reason for thinkjoined together and then set. ing that this account of the intro- Sometime afterwards a party of duction of Mohammedanism into Mohammedan pilgrims on their Malabar is reliable. way to the foot-print shrine at Adam's Peak in Ceylon chanced to The mixed nature of the race visit the Perumal's capital and may be traced today in its varied were admitted to an audience and physiognomy; those of high famtreated most hospitably." ily and social position are often extremely fair with fine features, It is uncertain whether it was sometimes of a distinctly semitic type; while those at the other end

of the scale are indistinguishable present at our meetings for Mosfrom the low castes from which lems in Madras. they are constantly reinforced. The Mappilla dwelling varies in The Mappillas are as a rule fru- size and material from the mud gal, industrious and enterprising. hut, roofed with cadjans or straw, They conduct the bulk of the trade of the lower classes, to the large of all descriptions, and many of and airy buildings of one or more them have amassed considerable stories constructed of stones and wealth; all who can afford it in- roofed with tiles, occupied by the vest money in land, and most of wealthy. There are no peculiarithe new garden cultivation on the ties in architecture or design which call for special comment. A GROUP OF EDUCATED MAPPILLAS The Mappilla trader does not, like IN CALICUT the Hindu, object to living in nar- row streets and is content with a margin of the jungle in the interi- very minute back garden, if he has or is being opened by them. The one at all, surrounded by a high lower classes are fishermen, la- wall to protect his women from borers of every description, and the public gaze. The typical Mappetty cultivators, their physique, pilla street is picturesque, but as can be seen from the photo- dirty. graphs, is on the whole remarkably good. The ordinary dress of the men is a mundu or cloth, generally The Mappillas have supplied white with a purple border, but the most satisfactory coolies for sometimes orange or green or railway work and the like. Many plain white. It is tied on the left enterprising Mappilla traders are (Hindus tie them on the right) to be found in Ceylon, the Straits and kept in position by a nul or Settlement and Burma. Some were waist-string, to which are attached one or more small cylinders of gold, silver or baser metal, con- taining texts from the Koran or magical formula. A small or large knife is usually worn in the waist. Persons of importance wear in addition a long flowing white gar- ment of fine cotton (a kind of bur- noos); and over this again may be worn a short jacket, though this is uncommon in South Mala- bar, and a cloak of silk or cotton- cloth. Women wear a m1tndu of some colored cloth (dark blue is most usual); a white loose bodice, more or less embroidered; and a veil or scarf on the head. In the case of the wealthy, the mundu may be of silk of some light color. Women of the higher classes are kept se-

THE MAPPILLAS OF MALABAR

cluded and hide their faces when difference. The Tangals (Sheikhs they go abroad; but the lower of the Derwish orders) are their classes are not particular in this religious leaders; they are regardrespect. ed with a high degree of reverence, but are not as a class distinguished The Mappillas belong to the by learning. The principal author- Shafic rite of the Sunni sect of ity on religious subjects is the Mohammedans, that is, they ac- Makhdum Tangal of Ponnani. He knowledge besides the Koran, the is the head of the Ponnani reliauthority of the Sunna, or custom- gious college and confers the title ary law of Arab theology, as in- of Musaliyar (Moulvi or elder) on terpreted by Imam Shafic• In Mullas who have qualified them- South Malabar they are divided selves to interpret the Koran and into two divisions, preferring the commentaries. allegiance either to the Valia THE HAi!AYAT~ UL~ ISLAi! SCHOOL. A TRAINING TNR'l'ITUTION FOR MOSLEM LIMDERS A1' CALICU'], Jaratingal Tangal of Ponani or Mappilla mosques, called palli, the Kundotti Tangal. The follow- are rectangular buildings with ers of the latter are said by those sloping tiled roofs and ornamental of the former to be Shiahs, but gables in front like those of the they themselves claim to be Sun- Hindu temples; some of them have nis. The differences between the gate houses, and a few of the oldest two parties sometimes become have circular towers attached. acute and lead to disturbances, but They are built with the main enintermarriage between them is not trance to the west so that the conprohibited and persons often for- gregation faces east towards sake one sect for the other to suit Mecca. There is often a small tank canvenience. close by or in the mosque. We noticed the peculiar custom of The division between the two is washing the hands and feet by due to- party spirit rather than pouring the water from large based on any essential doctrinal 2

wooden or cocoanut dippers with is often easily obtained, for it is long handles kept in a rack near both honorable and profitable to the tanks. A Mulla who can read, be the guardian of such a shrine; but not necessarily understand Arabic, is attached to every and an unknown beggar who dies mosque to lead the services. He is appointed by the congregation, of starvation on the roadside may though the Kazi as a rule nomi- be endowed with all sorts of virnates him. The Kazi is the head tues after death, and worshipped of the local assembly which corresponds to the parish church. His as a saint and miracle-worke'r. These saints are celebrated in functions include the reading of the hymns and popular songs, which Friday sermon, the registration of marriages, and general arbitration have served to inspire the fanatics in civil and religious matters. His jurisdiction may extend over more of many of the Mappilla outbreaks. than one district or over only a Here is one quoted in the West part of one and may include sev- Coast Spectator, (July, 1922) : eral minor mosques. At present Malabar se.ems to have religious "The pleasures of wealth or of family contact chiefly with the Arabs of "are not equal to an atom of celestial the Persian Gulf who carryon a "happiness. Our most venerable Prophet considerable trade in sailing ves- "has said that those who die in battle sels with Calicut. "can see the houris who will come to wit- "ness the fight. There is nothing in this The main festival celebrated by "world to compare with the beauty of the Mappillas is, of course, the Bakh "houris. The splendour of the sun, of Eed or Perunal, in the third month "the moon, and of the lightning is darkafter Ramazan. The festival com- "ness compared with the beauty of their memorates Abraham's offering of "hair which hangs over their shoulders. Ishmael, and every Mappilla who can afford it must sacrifice a he- "If they clap their hands, the clash of goat or a bullock, and distribute "their jewels will be heard at a distance the flesh amongst his friends, his "of 50 years' journey. They clap their relations and the poor. "hands, dance and sing, as they come "like swans to the battle-field. If a The Mappillas also observe the "human being were to see their beauty, ninth and tenth days of Muharram "their dance, or their smile he would die "on the spot. Gently they touch the as special fast days and each local "wounds of those who die in battle, they saint has his annual festival. "rub away the blood and cure the pain, "they kiss and embrace the martyrs, give Though magic is condemned by "them to drink of the sweet water of the Koran, the MappiIIa is very "heaven and gratify their every wish." superstitious, and witchcraft is not by any means unknown. His re- With such a repertoire of songs ligion betrays not a few traces of we are not surprised that the Mapprimitive animism and ancestor worship. Celebrated Tangals such pillas are notorious for their faas the tangals of Mambram, men naticism. From time to time they of holy and austere life, are freely canonized and their tombs become have been guilty of jihad or holy holy shrines and popular places of war against their Hindu neighbors pilgrimage ziyarat. Canonization with such dreadful cruelty as re- minds one of the Turkish atrocities against Armenians.

The various Mappilla outbreaks may be attributed to three main causes, poverty, agrarian discon- tent and fanaticism, of which the last is probably the chief. Poverty is still extreme in the fanatical zone, and is no doubt to some ex- tent accentuated by the Mappilla practice in the south of dividing

THE MAPPILLAS OF MALABAR

up the property of the father houses burnt. Murders, dacoities, among his wives, sons and daugh- forced conversions and outrages on ters. The Tenants Improvements Hindu women became the order of Act has done much to protect the the day. Hindu refugees in thou- tenant from ruinous eviction. Fa- sands poured into Calicut, Pal- naticism, however, is still strong ghat, the Cochin State, and other in the land, and education, for all places, wending their weary way the expenditure on Mappilla over hills and through jungles for schools, has made but little prog- safety from the lust and savagery ress among the community. The of their Moslem neighbors.

repressive policy initiated in 1854 It was a rude shock to the pro- has had a salutary effect. The fin- moters of Hindu-Moslem unity and ing of whole villages has brought the Khilafat agitators. Once more home to the community a sense of the real character of Islam was its responsibility for its unruly revealed. The British Government members, as was proved in 1896 suppressed the rebellion by rigor- and again in 1898; the most en- ous military operations and re- lightened Mappillas enlisted on the stored order after severe measures, side of law and order; and the including the deportation of some Pukkoya Tangal, who as a de- thousands of the rebels. At pres- scendant of the Prophet is almost ent peace reigns in Malabar; Is- worshiped by the Mappillas of lam, however, is still growing and Ernad and Walavanad, issued a increasing.

pamphlet sternly denouncing out- Slowly but surely, like an on- breaks as opposed to true religion. coming tide, the Mohammedan The fanatical zone was opened up population of Malabar has grown by good roads; and durin~ the year by year. Originally an alien Ramazan fast, when religious en- minority they have continued to thusiasm is easily roused, the spe- spread their faith by marriage, by cial police force were distributed social pressure and more recently over the zone, and signallers keep through schools and the press.

the various detachments in touch Two decades ago many low-caste with one another and with the Hindus embraced Islam. We read troops at Malappuram. in the census report for 1881:– All these precautions, however, "Conspicuous for their degraded did not prevent the rebellion of position and humiliating disabili- 1921. For a full account see "The ties are the Cherumans. This caste Moplah Rebellion 1921" by Divan numbered 99,009 in MaJabar at Bohadur C. Gopalan Nair, (Cali- the census of 1871 and in 1881 is cut 1923). Over a wide tract of returned an only 64,725. This is country, in an incredibly short a loss of 34.63 per cent instead of space of time, communications of the gain 5.71 per cent observed all kinds were wrecked or ob- generally in the district. There structed; public offices and courts 'are therefore 40,000 fewer Cheru- were attacked and records de- mans than there would have been stroyed, police stations were plun- but for some disturbing cause, and dered of arms and ammunition and the disturbing cause is very well civil government was brought to a known to the district officer to be .standstill. Over one hundred Hin- conversion to Mohammadanism.

du temples were sacked and many 'The honor of Islam' once con-

ferred on a Cheruman, or on one title Yuvalokam (i. e. "Young of the other low castes, he moves Man's World"). The book shops at one spring several places higher at Calicut had Arabic and Persian socially than that which he origi- as well as Urdu and Malayalam nally occupied and the figures, cor- literature on sale. Within the roborating what has been actually Mallabar area there. are no less observed in the district, show that than twenty-three Moslem presses, nearly 50,000 Cherumans and oth- which use the Arabic and Malaya- er Hindus have availed themselves lam characters for all kinds of of the opening." tracts and books. At Calicut there Low-caste women, for instance, are two presses; at Ponnani where go over to Islam in considerable there is also a Moslem theological numbers every year to become the school there are six; at Tillichery wives of Moslems, and in some sec- nine, and others are at Tirurangadi tions whole villages have embraced and Ottopalam. We secured a cat- the faith. More particularly the alogue of one press "M. P. Aboo population of the Mappillas on the Backer Aboo, cap-merchants and West Coast increased during the Arabic book-sellers" which tells last census decade (1911-21) by 6 the whole story. They offer, in per cent. "It is only reasonable," Malayalam, Koran portions, gram- says the census report, "to con- mars, commentaries, manuals of jecture that this increase, which devotion, lives of the Prophets and is more than double that of the of their saints and the usual con- population of the locality, is due troversial tracts against Chris- to conversion, especially when we tianity and Hinduism-over six find that the Cheruman population, hundred items in one catalogue.

which provides most of the Map- Magic and astrology play a large pilla recruits, has fallen during the part in the life of the people. Here decade by 7,000, or two per cent. as elsewhere in South India the It is estimated, indeed, that of the Nagshabandi and Shathali Der- Moslem popUlation in Malabar wish orders are strong and saint nearly 75 per cent, are the result worship is common.

of forced conversions." We did not notice during our It would be wrong, however, to short visit any special signs of conclude that the sword has been fanaticism at Calicut. On the con- and is the strength of Islam in trary we learned from Bahrein and Malabar. Today the Mappillas are Kuwait Arabs whom we met in themselves somewhat ashamed of the streets and who recognized us the scenes of violence that made as old friends that the Mappillas their community notorious. We learned their severe lesson in the visited their high school at Calicut, last outbreak and are now unwill- were entertained at a tea party by ing to be deceived again by nation- a leading progressive Moslem and alist agitators into disloyalty to learned from him and others of Britain. In one mosque there was the educational program proposed some hesitation in their welcome to uplift the ignorant villagers. to a stranger, but this was an ex- The press is a sure index' to the ception. At a special out-door life of a people. The leading Ma- meeting in the shaded courtyard layalam newspaper (of which there. of the Y. M. C. A. I was privi-.

are several) bears the significant leged to speak to a large gathering

THE MAPPILLAS OF MALABAR

of young men. A German mis- course of introduction for catechu- sionary presided and after hearing mens explaining the Christian creed, a message on "The Christ of His- the Christian Society and Baptism. The Trinity and Unity.

tory," one hundred and thirty-six The Christian Scriptures and Inspiramen came forward to receive a copy of the gospel in their own tion. The Christian meaning of Prayer, with examples of some ways of prayer tongue and promised to read it. and some prayers from the Bible. The brethren of the Basel Mis- The Christian meaning of Sin, Repent- ance and Forgiveness.

sion stationed at CaHcut showed The Crucifixion, the fact, the story, the us much kindness. Their work, meaning for our lives. established many decades ago, has Explanation (possibly in catechism form) of misunderstood terms, like however been almost exclusively Son of God, Inji!, Ruh Allah. among the Hindu population. The Mohammedans were neglected to Terms accepted by Moslems need just as much explaining as terms rejected; e. g., tauba, din salat, church, mar- such an extent that the only litera- riage. ture for Moslems we could find was A book -of Christian Morals in story a Malayalam gospel of Luke in form; i. e., Ten Commandments and the Sermon on the Mount, illus- Arabic character! When we trated by true stories, some from studied the map and prayed over the Bible.

Rhymes, choruses, hYmns, versified the situation the following resolu- psalms; i. e., something to give a tions were passed: social character to the new teaching. The Christian view of Marriage, the The Conference of Missionaries Home, the Family.

feels the necessity of evangelistic A short tract to answer the question, "What Is Christianity?" work among the Moslems in Mala- Stories of Conversion and Christian Ex- perience. bar and is glad if some Missionary Society can take up this special The next time your pastor an- work in friendly relation with the nounces "0 for a thousand tongues Basel Mission. to sing, my dear Redeemer's Rev. K. Shaefer is requested to praise" will you think of this one work out a survey of Mohammedan tongue in which His praise has not literature in Malabar. yet been sung by Moslem lips and The Conference is thankful if will you help provide Malayalam some contribution can be given for literature? For two thousand dol- the publication of literature for lars a large part of this minimum program could be published. * the Moslems.

The very least we can do for It is not surprising that the these neglected people is to inter- Mappillahs have not yet learned to pret Christ for them in their own love their Hindu landlords whose language. A minimum program of hand has often been hard with opliterature would include brief pression. They often have misuntracts or booklets on the following derstood the stern, strong hand of subjects: British law and justice. Only the pierced hand of Christ and sacri- A short life of Christ in terms compre- ficial love for His sake will win hensible to Moslems and including His Heavenly Session, His interces- them to His allegiance. Who will sion and His ultimate Judgments of respond to the challenge of Cali- the Worlds. cut?

The chief O. T. stories in terms compre- hensible to Moslems with emphasis • Gifts should be sent to the American Chris~ on preparation for the coming tian Literature Society for Moslems. Treas- urer! Mrs. E. E. Olcott, 322 W. 75th St., New Christ, and on moral training. A York City.

BACK OVER FORTY

Changes Wrought in a Generation of Christian Missions in Japan BY MRS. FREDERICK S. CURTIS, Shimonoseki, Japan Missionary oj the Board of Foreign Mission-s of the Presv1ltflrian Olturoh., U. ~~. A..

M ANY things of late have gether at the feet of the Lord of carried our minds back to the Harvest. the early days in Japan, forty years ago. The last Sunday This year the churches in this in March we spent in Yamaguchi, region are celebrating the fiftieth our home thirty-five years ago. anniversary of the opening of The first installation of a pastor Christian work in the province, by was a joyful occasion and many Dr. Alexander and several Japawere in attendance, but only one nese pastors. resident member who was there Past Difficulties when we left, twenty-seven years In the church in Shimonoseki ago. Most. of the members seem we heard one or two of the old to belong to the constantly mov- elders tell of the persecutions and ing official and professional classes difficulties encountered, and it and students. brought to mind some experiences The kindergarten that was of forty years ago, and even later, opened by me there still flourishes. in Hiroshima and in this region.

Its first teacher was the first young Then small but angry mobs were woman that Mr. Curtis examined gathered by opposers, workers and baptized during our first year were pursued and stones thrown, in Japan, and she was one of the though no great damage was done.

first pupils in our school, which We had come out to Japan with is now a part of Sturges Seminary the impression gained by Dr.

in Shimonoseki. She is an earnest Knox's tales of the eager interest Bible student and worker for God, shown in "Western religion" but in her own home and the church arrived to find that the tide had in Osaka. The kindergarten in turned and the Good News we Yamaguchi has been used to bring brought was usually resented or about a new attitude in the town received coldly. We and our pos- toward the Gospel, for hundreds sessions and ways, in that interior of children have passed through town, were often the objects of its classes and Sunday-school and wild curiosity.

have learned the gospel story and What a change there has been something of prayer. One longs in this respect! There are no call- to follow them as they are scat- ers now who come for sight-see- tered now, not only around in the ing. If one stops to make a region of Yamaguchi and neigh- purchase in an open shop, crowds boring towns but in far distant do not shut out the light and air parts of the Empire, to see .what and no children's voices call out precious seed has come to frUItage. rude epithets. Then there were Thank God we shall see it some no truly "foreign" clothes in the glorious day when we rejoice to- interior except our own, though, 710 like the famous "Japan-instead-of- than the alteration in this respect.

Coffee" brand of nectar in blue- We no longer feel outsiders or un- rimmed foreign-shaped coffee cups, wanted, as we walk and talk with offered to high-class callers of that the people. What an unforgettable day, there were numerous "Japan- experience to kneel with one who instead-of-suits" seen parading the has entered The Way, and join streets, to our secret glee. with him in praise as he pours out Then we could wear, in the in- his soul in gratitude that through terior, a hat or a dress as long as you God led him to the Way of Life!

it was in good condition, without It is not only Christians who let feeling out-of-date, but now, when us draw near, but almost every- clerks and vendors go to church where and anywhere we try, it is or feasts in natty suits, and school- easy to get a friendly response.

girls and others consult fashion Doubtless there was much of fault sheets from France and employ in our own earlier attitude and skilful foreign-clothes tailors, we that stood in our way, but there are forced to consider our ways is, in this part of the country, at occasionally and not wait till it is any rate, a very pronounced friend- time to sail home on furlough be- liness and we feel no longer aliens fore we ask our anxious relatives and foreigners but "neighbors."

to send us "something fit to wear." As I think of the meetings held As autos of all kinds toot and in our own house now, whether scoot through towns and villages, children's, English Bible classes or and even children scuttle out of ordinary evangelistic, and recall the way, one almost catches the the first meetings in our Hiroshima breath to recall the children and home, during our second year in old people who once serenely Japan, another great contrast is halted traffic by their indifference evident. Then people came to lis- to the "Hai, hai!" of the jinrikisha ten somewhat as the Athenians puller. There were no horns in did of old, while Mr. Curtis talked those days, but the old-fashioned in such Japanese as he had been jinrikisha, with its hard springs able to drag out of his "teacher"

and steel tires, and the loosely set or find in Hepburn's dictionary of wheel-hubs, kept up an incessant 180 odd pages of translated Eng- jangle to tell us it was near. lish words. Now, in a large num- No Longer Aliens but Friends ber of cases, thpse who come have a more or less intelligent idea of One of the hardest things to what the basal teaching is and bear, in those days, was the fre- have a willingness or wish to learn quent reminder that we were more. It has amazed me again aliens, constantly and critically ob- and again, in seemingly the most served. The wearying clatter, clat- unlikely 'quarters to find that in ter of hurrying clogs, trying to the street, in Sunday-school or keep up with the foreign stride, from friends, and lately, of course, as we walked abroad, made such from evangelistic articles in the recreation unattractive, for we newspapers, some gospel message felt no friendliness in the attitude has been heard.

of those about us. I think there In old days we were looked up- is nothing more welcome in the on as here for some advantage to changes the years have brought ourselves, but on the part of very

many now our real purpose is un- He had hardly begun to talk with derstood, even though it may not me when he half arose from his be acceptable, and those who feel chair and said eagerly, "I was bapno need of spiritual help for them- tized in November." Then we both selves cordially recommend it to sprang up and shook hands again. others, saying even to their wives He told me he had not thought and children, "Go and hear." Just deeply until he was called back lately, a friendly doctor, who here by his mother's sudden death laughs at the thought of needing last year, and in his great lonelispiritual teaching himself, ear- ness he had turned for comfort to nestly exhorted a patient who had the Saviour of whom he had heard suffered much to seek us and get so often. He willingly promised comfort, because our teaching was to come to class and tell the others, "good and not harmful." The and did so most modestly but earnest faces in our English Bible frankly, and then prayed ferventclass, while the Bible lesson is be- ly, asking especially for faithfuling discussed, replies that show a ness "unto death." conviction of the truth of what is taught and references to "our One method of work which we Lord" on' the part of some who used almost from the beginning, have not yet professed to be Chris- as many others have done, but tians, fill us with hope and incite which we have laid increasing emto renewed prayer and effort. In phasis upon, is the giving, loaning the interior, years ago, such classes and selling of suitable, spiritual would have been impossible, I be- booklets and books. Every new lieve. Of course many attend only publication of worth for our purfor a short time, finding the claims poses we have tried to put into of Christ more than they are will- our Loan Library or, often, use ing to face. Ordinarily such work for gifts at Christmas and on other seems to be the plowing, clearing occasions. We have learned of out of stones and seed sowing. The great blessing received through seed may be in good ground but carefully chosen books. Ourown it is still too cold. After students cook, who is a very earnest Chrisgo to higher schools and are put tian, was awakened by a paper in touch with Christian workers given to an associate, and Chrisnear, in one case after another, tians in sorrow or doubt are conere long happy letters come telling stantly being helped. One man, a of having openly confessed Christ. firm Christian, a member of the English Bible class, had expressed We try to keep in touch with his doubts of the Old Testament former students who welcome our as history, but readily accepted the letters, and occasionally; one will loan of two small books and the visit the city and call or come to advice to ask God what He would the class meeting once more. Sev- have him believe. The books were, eral who have done this have given "What Use Did the Lord Jesus testimony for Christ before the Make of the Old Testament?" and members in attendance. One young "Stones That Speak." man who had begun coming to the class as a mere boy and is now As he handed them back the studying in a distant city, called next week, he smiled appreciativeduring this last spring vacation. ly and said, "I believe that the Old Testament is true."

INDIANS YESTERDAY

TODAY BY REV. J. M. CORNELISON, Pendleton, Oregon C ONDITIONS among the In- erally think. The elements of this dians are very different livelihood were secured in far-sep- among the different tribes. arated places which easily accounts What is true of Indians in one part for the roving. They did usually of America may be false and mis- have a winter camp which was leading somewhere else. My ex- more or less a permanent abode, periences go back a little less than and there was built the winter thirty years and relate to the In- lodge, or tepee, very different dians of the Northwest, more par- from the summer abode. Then ticularly the Cayuses and Nez again, the Indians were nomadic Perces of Oregon and Idaho. and lived in a state that enabled All history knows that one hun- them to move in a hurry, for which dred years ago the Indians of the there was a very potent reason, Northwest had not heard the Gos- namely their enemy. Generally pel, in fact had seen few white speaking, every other tribe was men, except the Hudson's Bay their enemy. White people have trappers and the men of the Lewis been accustomed to think of the In- and Clark expedition sent out by dian men as lazy, and thought they the United States Government in put all the burden on the women.

1804-05.· The missionaries went The Indian men, from time imme- in response to that Macedonian morial, were the police and vig- Call of the four Numipu (Nez ilantes of their community and Perces) who went all the way to needed to be free and untram- St. Louis, Mo., from the Oregon meled, so as to be ever on the alert country in 1832, asking for the and watch for the enemy. They white man's Book of Heaven. freely and gladly gave their serv- There have been many decided ices and lives for the protection of changes and advances in the do- their families. This was their one mestic, social, political, business, great business of life. No draft educational or religious life of the law was required to get them into Indians. Take them in this order the service of their country; nor and note some of these contrasts did they need citizens' training and changes. camps. Their whole life was one Yesterday the Indians were of training for the defense of their nomadic, roving, living in tepees, people. They gave themselves to for very good reasons. They moved it with joy and were honored for with the seasons to obtain their deeds of bravery. The man who livelihood which consisted in hunt- shunned such service had poor ing, fishing, gathering of roots, standing in the community and berries and fruits which they dried was shunned by the people, espe- and preserved in various ways and cially by the fair women. No man stored for winter. They were not could stand such a gaff. With these improvident, as white people gen- centuries upon centuries of train- 713

ing in such a "standing army," so day schools. This was not neces- to speak, we should be a little more sary in the roving days when chil- patient with the Indian man who dren were not in school. The chil- does not easily get behind the dren, not having permanent homes to which to return more easily, lost their culture.

The social life of the Indians of yesterday was largely seen in the dances at certain seasons of the year, coordinating largely with the winter and summer solstices, so following all nations in this cus- tom. There were also the mar- riages and feasts; and particularly the feasts at certain seasons of the year, like the feast of first fruits and roots in the spring, the first run of salmon. And then, too, the feasts for the dead. The "eats"

loomed large in the Indians' social life. Let those not guilty of the same "sin" cast the first stone. To- TYPICAL OLD S'l'YLE INDIAN HOME day the "younger generation" of IN OREGON Indians follow much along the plow, or into some business. These same lines conforming more or less things will come to them, as they to the conventionalities of the did to our own savage, fighting white people, which customs they forebears when they had emerged have learned well in the schools. from the deep forests and the fear Our Indian women's societies can of their lurking enemy. prepare and serve as palatable and modern a banquet as any women. Today, since the Indians' liveli- hood comes largely from the rent of their lands, or from farming it themselves, they have become more stationary in their homes and habits of life. Tepees are gone, except as used for summer camps, as white people use tents. Per- manent homes have been built, many of which have all modern improvements. There has been a decided evolution in this home building. First was the tepee, A TYPICAL INDIAN HOME OF TODAY then a lean-to or shack, then a bet- AMONG THE UMATILLAS OF OREGON OR THE NEZ PERCES OF IDAHO ter house, and now a modern bungalow with electric lights and They, too, have the "flaming youth"

other conveniences. Now, some one who dance all the modern dances must stay at home to keep house to modern jazz, and play Sunday and care for the children in the baseball. The modern "flapper"

AMERICAN INDIANS YESTERDAY AND TODAY

who bobs her hair and "rolls them Yesterday few Indians had been down" can also be seen. to school. Today most Indians Yesterday the Indian was po- from forty to thirty years old down litically a nonentity. Today he is have a fair education, many of a citizen and votes. And he votes high-school grade. The boys have with discrimination where the mis- generally learned some trade, and sionary has been awake enough to point out the issues and the right men to the Indian constituency.

Their Temperance Societies have spelt failure and defeat to many a "wet" candidate locally.

Yesterday the Indian may have been a poor business man. He may have been "jobbed," as they say, many times. But today, if I want to sell some sort of "gold brick," I would go to New York with better hopes of selling my wares, than to try to sell them to "Lo, the poor Indian." Old man "Lo" long since died. The Indian of today is a fairly keen business man and understands that credit in any place of business, or at any bank, depends on a good name and a reliable character. To beat him in a trade one needs to "get up be- fore day," as they say in the west.

The late Mose Johnson, a well- known Indian character around Pendleton, Oregon, once paid his account to a Pendleton merchant and demanded a receipt. The mer- chant said, "That is all right, Mose, I will mark it off the books." Said Mose : "No, sir. Me take receipt.

Some day, maybe soon, you die.

Me look all over Hell for you. No find you. Maybe so, me pay bill again. Me take paper now."

Mose got his receipt, and in- "PARSON MATANIC" OF THE cidentally the merchant learned CAYUSE TRIBE where Mose expected to find him the girls have learned domestic when he died. The Indian will work. Very few have gone to or mortgage his property to get some through college. To keep the chil- much-desired object, like a big dren in the day schools the truant automobile, sO "keeping up with officer is often needed – which is the Joneses." Who has a stone to just as true of many white com- throw? munities.

Lastly, it can be said of the In- Christ to drive out the evil spirit. dians, as Paul said of the Athe- He has worked and keeps on worknians, "in all things I perceive that ing mightily in the hearts and lives ye are very religious." The Indian of some of these fine Indian men is a religious, worshipful being. and women. As of old, some His mind and soul are peopled with mocked, but certain men believed spirits, both good and bad. One among whom also were Philip Minhas no trouble to get the Indian's thorn, Parsons Motanic, James mind to grasp the teaching of an Kash Kash and many women. It is invisible Spirit who leads us and the same story as told in the Acts. directs us. This is true of any people who have an animistic religion. So it comes about that in less In their minds and souls a channel than one hundred years from the time that the four Numipu (Nez AN INDIAN PRESBY'l'ERIAN CHURCH ON TilE UMATILLA RESERVATION, OREGON has been cut by age-old customs Perces) went to St. Louis in 1832 and rites in religion. The cere- asking for the white man's Book of monies that cut the channels were Heaven, the Spirit of God, working false and need to be cleaned out in and through that Book, has litand the true placed in the channels. erally transformed these people. The missionary or religious teacher Not all are Christians, but their who does not see and capitalize this whole social order, home life, busifact is lacking in tact and observa- ness life, social life, political life tion. Paul was stirred by the and religious life is shot through idolatry but he began to proclaim and through with Christian prin- Jesus and the resurrection so as to ciples and Christian ideals. Fiintroduce the new and the true in nally, in this same Northwest, you place of the old and the false. will find little groups of Indians who have hardly been touched by So into this animistic channel I the Gospel. This is doubtless true have ever striven to put the teach- in many other parts of America. ing about the great Spirit Jesus

CAVES

THE PROGRESS OF THE GOSPEL IN SPAIN BY THE REV. J. H. HORSTMANN, St. Louis, Missouri Editor of The Evatlgelicat lJerald "WHENSOEVER I go unto to discover all the facts concerning Spain," wrote the Apostle the spreading of Christianity in Paul to the Christians in that land of mystery and romance. Spain was an important country Rome, just before his departure in the days of the apostle. Auguson what was to be his last journey tus and his generals had converted to Jerusalem. He was planning, it into a Roman province, under after accomplishing his visit to the authority of a proconsul in- Rome, to bring the word of the vested with civil authority only. Cross to what was "the uttermost Later when the cities of Spain part of the earth," as it was then were placed under a uniform conknown. stitution and laws, Spain became one of the most influential coun- Did the Apostle ever succeed in tries of the empire and a center bringing the Gospel to the pillars of Roman civilization. Some of of Hercules? To whom does Spain the most distinguished Latin writowe its first knowledge of Chris- ers under the empire, such as the tianity? How and when did the two Senecas, Lucan, Martial, Quinfirst Christian churches there orig- tilian, and others, were natives of inate? No one knows. Only leg- Spain. ends tell of the places that Paul is said to have visited, and of the A legend has it that Alexander beginnings of Christianity in His- the coppersmith, who did so much pania. Only here and there can evil to Paul (2 Tim. 4: 14), was a few facts be discovered, scat- converted by James, the son of tered, flickering lights, as it were, Alphreus, whose faithful helper he which make one all the more eager 717

then became and finally accompa- (586 A. D) gave the corrupt Latin nied him to Spain. According to language predominance over the this legend, however, Alexander Gothic, and after that time the was a blacksmith (it is interest- unity of the Spanish nation was ing to note that Moffat's transla- maintained by the Catholic reli- tion also describes him thus) and gion and the political influence of he plied his trade on the long jour- the clergy.

ney from Palestine to Spain, which For two centuries the Church was made by land. It was also flourished, chiefly as a result of with shoes fashioned by this mas- the constructive efforts of Isidore, ter, the legend has it, that the bishop of Seville (560-636), whose white charger was shod which, on diligence in contending for the July 16,1212, brought James again pure faith against the remnants from heaven to help the Crusad- of Arianism, as well as his earnest ers win a glorious victory over the labors for education, made him a Moors. The hammer with which prominent figure in the church of Alexander is said to have wrought that day. His refusal to persecute is still shown in the cathedral at the Jews, contrary to the spirit of Santiago, and horseshoes made by his time, shows him to have been him are shown in several Asturian truly great.

churches. He is the patron saint The Moslems and After of Spanish blacksmiths, who like to name their sons after him. With the Moslem invasion in 711 Beginnings in Spain there began a dark period for the Church in Spain. While the Chris- Christianity seems to have been tians were allowed free exercise introduced quite early into Spain of their religion, and also retained and the churches there were ap- their language, laws and magis- parently in fairly close touch with trates, (as long as they paid trib- those in Gaul, Italy and northern ute and did not attack the Moslem Africa. The same controversies faith), bitter divisions frequently which agitated these churches sprang up in families where one were discussed also in Spain, as parent followed Mohammed and records of the fourth and fifth cen- the other followed Christ. The turies show. The disorganization Moslems, whose language, manners and confusion following the fall of and culture prevailed in all the the Roman empire facilitated the large centers of the country, often conquest of the country by the showed their contempt for Chris- Vandals, who gave the name of tianity, and in return received in- Vandalusia (now Andalusia) to sult from its more hot-blooded ad- the southern part of the peninsula. herents.

Soon afterward, however, the Visi- With the decisive defeat of the goths, after a long struggle, suc- Moslems on the plains between ceeded in conquering the whole Tours and Poitiers, in the heart of peninsula. Since the Goths were France, by Charles Martel in 732, strongly Arian in their faith there the tide of Moslem advance was was constant conflict between them stemmed and EUrope was saved and the orthodox Roman Catholic from the danger of being overrun population. Under Reccared I. the by the disciples of the Arabian introduction of the Catholic faith prophet. But for more than seven

THE PROGRESS OF THE GOSPEL IN SPAIN

centuries the nation was engaged and the new life of the Reforma- in a tremendous and often des- tion could not thrive.

perate struggle for its political and religious life, and it is no wonder Attempts at Reformation that the constant conflict left an Nevertheless, twenty years beindelible impress upon the charac- fore Luther nailed his theses on ter of the Spaniard. It could not the church door at Wittenberg, the be otherwise than that such a fierce Spanish Church felt the purifying and persistent struggle should influence of a reformation largely make those who were forced to Protestant in spirit and aims. wage it serious and solemn, even When Queen Isabella had brought fanatical and relentless in their ways of thinking and acting.

The distress and suffering of the Church in Spain brought about a close approach to Rome, which remained when efforts were made to suppress the reform movements of the Albigenses and Waldenses, and finally of the Protestants.

Thus the Inquisition found a fruit- ful soil in the fanatical zeal of the Spaniard to persecute and convert heretics, Moors and Jews. Ferdi- nand and Isabella welcomed it as an aid in their conquest of Grana- da, last and greatest Moorish stronghold (1492), and the relent- less and cruel zeal of Torquemada not only helped to satisfy Isabel- la's sincere but fanatical zeal for the purity of the faith, but also TOUR DE CONSTANCE, SPAIN filled Ferdinand's coffers with J ew- ish and Moorish gold. about the union of the states to In Spain there was no response form the Spanish Kingdom, 1492, to the Renaissance. The seed of she also conceived a plan to reform the new learning seemed unable the Church, and Ximenes de Cis- to grow in the hard and sterile neros was authorized to restore soil. There were famous schools, the strict monastic discipline in but knowledge-at best a foreign, the convents and to purge the secu- Moorish plant-was bound in the lar clergy of the abuses which were fetters of scholasticism. There was common to the time. Having im- extensive commerce and trade but proved the morals of the Spanish it was in the hands of the despised clergy, he set himself to overcome Jews. There was religious zeal, their ignorance and lack of culture.

but it was devoted merely to out- The reading and study of the Bi- ward and petrified formalities. ble were made a special feature There were knights and warriors, in their training, something pre- but no peasants nor burghers. Un- viously unknown; new schools of der such conditions the new spirit theology were established and in

1502 a band of scholars in Alcala before his installation as Bishop undertook, at the expense of Cis- of Tortosia; Don Carlos de Seso, neros himself, the preparation of a distinguished nobleman who did the celebrated Complutensian Poly- much for the Protestant cause glot. throughout Spain; Jayme and Francesco de Enzinas, the latter The coming of a Spanish monarch to the imperial throne in 1520, of whom translated the first Spanas Charles V, opened the door for ish version of the New Testament Lutheran and Reformed teachings into Spain. Luther's teachings and had it printed at Antwerp were received with general favor (1543) for distribution in Spain. among educated classes, and for Besides, many converts of monks a time their spread was helped by and nuns, especially those in the the liberal tendencies above re- neighborhood of Seville and Vallaferred to, as well as by the tem- dolid, were largely leavened with porizing policy of the emperor in the Protestant heresy. dealing with Luther and the Protestant princes in Germany. It was These beginnings were effectualeven asserted by the emperor's ly suppressed by the Inquisition, confessor, ,who himself favored which, as the joint instrument of Protestantism, that Charles secret- civil and religious absolutism, asly sympathized with the movement sumed its sternest form in Spain and hoped to use Luther as a lever and made use of the most drastic for forcing upon the German and arbitrary methods. With the churches a reformation after the same relentless energy which had Spanish model. saved the nation from the outward enemy, the Church, supported by Soon, however, a change in the a1l the power of the King, turned policy of Charles and the gradual against the new enemy at home. reaction against reform among the The same desperate determination Spanish clergy narrowed the cir- with which the Spaniard had decle of its adherents to the more fended his religion and his nationearnest and daring spirits, and aft- al life led him to idolize his church er the Diet of Augsburg, 1530, the and offer human sacrifice upon her Protestants were subjected to a altars. After fighting so fiercely persecution constantly growing in and desperately for his religion, severity. why hesitate at torture and death for those who attacked and would Notable among the converts to destroy what had been preserved the new teaching were Alphonso at such a terrible cost? And the Valdes, secretary of Charles V; Spanish Inquisition acted without Alphonso de Bernaldez, chaplain to respect to persons. Neither rank the emperor, who suffered condem- nor political influence, neither nation in 1537; Carranza y Mi- wealth nor fame could shield its rando, archbishop of Toledo, who victims. If other nations perished was condemned for holding Prot- in luxury and immorality, Spain estant views; de Valera, who laid committed suicide as a religious the foundation of the church in monomaniac. Seville and was condemned by the Inquisition in 1541; Juan Gil (Dr. The Protestant forces in Spain Egidius), famous preacher of Se- were paralyzed and finally overville, condemned for heresy just come, however, not so much by the violent persecution at home, as by

THE PROGRESS OF THE GOSPEL IN SPAIN

the unfavorable impressions made time. On the stone floor of her by the actions of Protestants cell she had laboriously scratchep abroad. The uprising of the Ger- with her knitting needle, the word man peasants in 1524 caused great Resistez! (Stand firm!) and un- alarm among the privileged classes derneath Au ciel, (To heaven!) as in Spain against the introduction an encouragement to those who of doctrines which seemed to fo- came after her. For more than a ment revolution elsewhere. The century this tower was used as a alliance of Protestant princes of prison for women who had em- Germany with Francis I of France, braced the evangelical faith.

the bitter enemy of Spain, and the The Dawn of Religious Liberty later revolt of the Protestants in the Netherlands against Spanish If fanatical patriotism allied rule, caused Protestants to be with ecclesiasticism crushed the looked upon not only as heretics Protestant movement in Spain in but as traitor~ and rebels and made the sixteenth century, it has been it more and more difficult for loyal an enlightened patriotism arrayed Spaniards to embrace Protestant- against ecclesiasticism that has af- ism. forded a shield for the evangelical With the accession of Philip II, forces in Spain in modern times.

the work of exterminating heretics The radical and revolutionary phil- was begun in earnest, and in 1559 osophy of the French scepticism the first auto da Ie was celebrated of the eighteenth century early at Valladolid, combining the fea- found an easy although restricted tures of a religious festival and ground in Spain. The cataclysm popular holiday, and thereafter the of the French Revolution did still work of executing Protestant vic- more to disseminate the seeds of tims in the principal cities of Spain popular freedom, and before the was conducted under the joint downfall of Napoleon, liberty was auspices of church and state. At born in Spain and prepared to en- that time it is estimated that there ter, as in other Latin countries, were about 1,000 Protestants each into the long war against absolut- in Seville and Valladolid, and a ism and clericalism. In 1812, dur- relatively large number in other ing the exile of Ferdinand VII, the sections of Spain. By 1570 how- Spanish cortes, assembled for the ever, Protestantism in Spain was first time in many years, abolished cut off, root and branch. Prac- the Inquisition, curtailed the power tically all of its converts had suf- of the clergy, and framed a con- fered either banishment or martyr- stitution. The restoration of Fer- dom, and for the three centuries dinand two years later destroyed that followed the blood of the mar- some of these results, but after his tyrs was as seed in barren soil. death in 1833, there occurred a The case of Marie Durand, a series of heated revolutionary con- peasant woman who was a prison- flicts between the liberals and the er at the Tour, de Constance, a conservative e 1erne n t s, wit h gloomy, forbidding tower in south- alternating victories but with the ern France, from her seventeenth anti-clerical cause steadily gaining to her fifty-sixth year, (1730-68) ground.

is typical of what was going on In 1858, and again in 1868 re- both in Spain and France at that ligious liberty and freedom of wor- 3

ship were proclaimed. But this only munity at Gibraltar, he was ormeant liberty to worship in other dained by a Waldensian committee ways than in the Church of Rome, and made Gibraltar a center for and religious tolerance was by no promoting Protestant teaching in means established. Long before Spain. During the London expothis evangelical Christians from sition he preached to his countryvarious European countries had men who visited there, and later, endeavored to bring the Gospel to under the auspices of a French Spain with variable success. The committee, went to Algiers, work- British and Foreign Bible Society ing among the thousands of Spanhad a very active agent, George iards there. At the liberation of Barrows, in the country for some Spain 1868-69, he returned and time; Spaniards in exile on account founded the Protestant church at of their political convictions met Madrid. When the French comevangelical Christians in England mittee, after 1870, was no longer and France and through them were able to assist him, Ruet entered influenced to bring the word of the service of a German mission- God to their countrymen, with the ary society and labored zealously assistance of Protestant groups in in a chapel purchased for him in Edinburgh and Southern France. 1874 by German friends. Gibraltar and Bayonne became centers for evangelical workers in Pastor Fritz Fliedner (1845- Spain through the distribution of 1901) son of Pastor Theodor Fliedtracts and Bibles. When the throne ner, the well-known founder of of Isabella II fell and the procla- German deaconess work, came to mation of liberty of conscience and Spain in 1870, and it was through worship by the new government his aid that German churches bethrew Spain open for the first time came responsible not only for the to all kinds of evangelical work, work in Madrid but also for varimissionaries came from Scotland, ous others in different parts of the England, Holland, the French country. An elementary school churches in Switzerland and from which had been established in Mad- France to support the evangelical rid was also saved in this manner. workers in Spain. Interest in the work increased Evangelical Beginnings in Germany to such an extent that at some time or other in the years The most active of these work- that followed practically all the ers was Francisco Ruet (1826-78), churches existing in the country a strolling player who, about 1840, received aid of some kind through fiad abandoned Roman Catholi- Fliedner, while his journeys from cism for Waldensian teaching and one place to another made him faprepared himself for the ministry. miliar with the conditions in all After the revolution he returned of them and won for him the conagain to Spain, preaching at Bar- fidence of all evangelical Chriscelona, where he was soon impris- tians to an unusual degree. His oned, as the result of a political acquaintance with many of the reaction. His sentence to the stake leading government officials in for heresy, was, however, com- Madrid often made it possible for muted to life-long banishment. him to prevent or relieve the per- Forming a small Protestant com- secution aimed at evangelical Christians by fanatical authorities

THE PROGRESS OF THE GOSPEL IN SPAIN

or communities. He was also in- to the school Esperanza (Hope). strumental in organizing many of After graduates from these classes the isolated smaller groups and had passed the examination prechurches into the Iglesia Evangel- scribed by the Government, thus ica Espanola. proving that this method could be successfully used, a higher insti· Fliedner devoted himself partic- tution of learning, called E[ Porularly to the establishment of vinir (The Future), was founded, Christian schools and finally a high after a strenuous effort. Without school was established. The publi- having sought it Fliedner was cation of text books, literature for children, etc., was made possible tr. ·~ru.J' ,"~r""·,,J .,r ~'r II"" through Fliedner's efforts and the support of The Religious Tract So- Wlr'~ .. {,~ T"fl fr, .,-"" ciety of London, and The Foreign ~ Sunday School Association of 1',.41.1 n;~dn(''' Brooklyn, New York. w,.t If. P.ufl//". Hc.d,..i.

A periodical for Christian homes PASTOR FRITZ FLIEDNER and families, Revista Christiana, was established in 1880 and con- pressed to buy a large site in the tinued until it became a victim of northern part of Madrid, a healthy the world war. An orphans' home and attractive part of the city. was established which finally found Hardly had the purchase been cona home in Escorial, in the identical summated than the State claimed building inhabited by Philip II a part of the ground for waterduring the time when his famous works and paid for about a tenth monastery San Lorenzo was being of the property a little more than built. the whole plot of land had cost the German mission. The completion In order to secure the means for of the heautiful building which was supporting his rapidly growing erected 1895-97, in the face of the work Fliedner published a quarter- determined opposition of zealous ly entitled .Blaetter aus Spanien, Catholic women in Madrid, of the a valuable and important record bishop, and even of the papal nunof all the events which transpired cio, and the papal secretary of in the development of evangelical work in Spain. In all his work he was ably supported by his wife, the former Miss Jeanie Brown, great-granddaughter of Prof. Dr. John Brown, of Haddington, author of the self.interpreting Bible. The missionary interest, enthusiasm and self-sacrificing devotion of Mrs. Fliedner can hardly be exaggerated.

The plan of educating Spanish children according to modern educational methods in all the wisdom of the Spaniards began to be realized in 1880, when two classes for higher education were added

state, Rampolla, taxed Fliedner's countries, but after that date arid energies to the utmost and finally owing to the war that help began helped to break down the health of to fail and the work is now in serithe resourceful and indefatigable ous danger. In a most critical situamissionary. On April 25, 1901, he tion in 1922, representatives of the passed to his reward. The final school came to the United States erection of the college was a dis- and were assisted with funds suftinct triumph for the Protestant ficient to payoff the immediate cause and El Porvenir introduced indebtedness, so that EI Porvenir a new system of teaching altogeth- is again going forward. Continued er unknown to the conservative substantial assistance, particularly Spanish high schools and colleges in the way of an adequate endowof that time. It became a model ment, is absolutely essential. for many modern schools founded by liberal-thinking people of Mad- In addition to the above, work rid. Over 300 young men have is now carried on by three Ameribeen trained in the college in the can agencies (The American Board course of thirty-two years. Most of Commissioners for Foreign Misof them occupy prominent posi- sions, The Board of Foreign Mistions in official and social circles, sions of the Methodist Episcopal some of them holding chairs in the Church, and The Southern Baptist universities. Being primarily a Convention), by various groups in missionary college, it has given to England The Spanish and Portuthe evangelical work in Spain a gese Aid Society, Anglican; The goodly number of qualified ministers, some of whom continued United Free Church of Scotland; their theological training in Ger- The Continental Mission of the many, who are now doing effective Presbyterian Church in Ireland; work in their respective mission- The Wesleyan Methodist Mission ary fields. Society; The Baptist Mission So- The Present Situation ciety, London, imd by the British and Foreign Bible Society and the The missionary work of Pastor Religious Tract Society, each of Fliedner, now under the supervi- the latter employing some fifty sion of his three sons, Theodor, workers in various parts of the Georg and Johann, is to-day one country. The Komite Het Evanof the most important missionary gelic in Spanje collects gifts from enterprises in Spain. It has eleven the Dutch churches. In France the organized churches, that in Madrid work is supported by the Comite being numerically the largest in de Bearn. In German Switzerland, Spain, eleven primary schools, one Fliedner's work is supported, while high school, an orphanage, an a Comite de Lausanne Espagnole evangelical bookshop in the heart had been organized in French of the city and various other ac- Switzerland as early as 1865. tivities. Fliedner's work is also actively sup- ported in Denmark, Sweden and Up to 1914 Pastor Fliedner's Norway, particularly through the blessed work could develop and influence of Archbishop Soderblom. thrive, thanks to the help of many friends i n Germany, Holland, The churches supported by the Switzerland, and the Scandinavian Irish Presbyterian, the German Evangelicals, the Holland Re- formed, American Northern Meth-

THE PROGRESS OF THE GOSPEL IN SPAIN

EL PORVINIR-AN INSTITli'J'ION FOR HIGHER EDUCNJ'ION IN srAIN odists and American Board, and Zaltbommel, Holland, and Dr. E. certain independent organizations, L. Schmidt is secretary. about thirty churches in all, are associated to form "The Spanish The most important discussion Evangelical Church" (dropping de- centered around the organization nominational names) looking to- of a Union Theological Seminary ward the day of independence for for Spain. Another meeting was these churches. It meets once held in Madrid, April 15-16, 1926. every two years in an advisory There were representatives from capacity. Germany, H 011 and, Sweden, France, Scotland, Ireland, Eng- About seventy-five churches rep- land and from the American Board resenting the Spanish Reformed, in the United States. The project the Plymouth Brethren, American for a Union Theological Seminary Southern Baptists, the English in Madrid was approved, the staff Wesleyan and a few scattering to consist of four professors, one churches are not affiliated with the each provided by the Irish Presby- Spanish Evangelical Church. terians, the United German Com- mittees, the Spanish and Portu- The International Spanish Evangeliza- gese Aid Society (Low Church tion Committee Anglicans) , and the American Board. These four original pro- This committee was founded in fessors are expected to teach both London on September 3, 1924, to theology and such subjects in the coordinate the forces in Europe general preparatory work as might that were helping in the evan- be necessary. Detailed statistical gelization of Spain. A second information on the work of all the meeting was held in Zurich, May evangelical forces in Spain as well 1-2, 1925. Headquarters are in

BIBLE COLPORTEUR AT WOltK as on the program of the Interna- else. It bowed him into the dust tional Spanish Evangelization and then lifted him up into heaven. Committee may be secured through It took him out of the world in the. Committee on Cooperation in which he had lived until then, and Latin America. before long bound him firmly to his Saviour. For his Saviour's Some Experiences sake he literally left brother and sister, father and mother, and be- Just what it means for a native gan his theological studies anew as Spaniard to engage in such work an evangelical Christian, passing appears from the experiences of through a severe school of dis- Don J oacquin Gonzales Molina, a cipline as teacher in a Protestant former priest. Three brothers are school in Alicante, with a very still in the Roman Catholic priest- modest salary. His mother, to hood. As a gifted and popular whom he is tenderly devoted, and preacher in a hospital in Granada, the separation from whom was he seemed to be in line for easy nearly heart-breaking to both, is and rapid promotion when, one now beginning to see the light. day, he found himself handling a Don Molina is now pastor of the Bible. His seeking mind found in evangelical church in Granada, his it what he had discovered nowhere

THE PROGRESS OF THE GOSPEL IN SPAIN

native city, where he is regarded . ican Board in 1880, and where as an apostate and a traitor; where most of the Spanish women, the priests are continually stirring teachers and wives of pastors, who up trouble for him and the boys on are now bearing the heat and the street hoot at him; where the burden of the day in the schools chapel and school have been re- and churches, received their first peatedly attacked and seriously impulse and lasting inspiration, damaged, under the very eyes of there is a small church served by a the police. All this constitutes a native pastor, Rev. Antonio Diaz, real persecution for Jesus' sake who was converted to Proteswhich this faithful servant of the tantism under remarkable circum- Master has del i b era tel y and stances. Originally a monk in a humbly accepted. And he and his monastery in Barcelona, he had family are making their home in left of his own free will, utterly three little rooms which barely dissatisfied with his spiritual extake care of their furniture and perience there, but with no thought are separated from the school of embracing Protestantism. He room only by three folding screens. was of course disowned by his At San Sebastian, in the north- family and for a few years wanern part of Spain, where Rev. and dered about from pillar to post, Mrs. Wm. H. Gulick began a with no fixed employment, and flourishing work under the Amer- frequently down to the last penny.

THE ENTRANCE TO THE CHURCH OF l'Hl<l ~'LunDNER MISSION, MADRID

One summer night in Bilbao, as . neously in several Catholic pulpits, Dr. Bowers tells the story, while stating that in the case of families walking through a street fair, Diaz who persisted in remaining in was an eye-witness of a brutal houses owned by that man, no bap- vitriol throwing, staged by some tisms would be performed, no last young rowdies under clerical in- sacraments given, and no burials fluence, directed against a small conducted in consecrated ground.

booth in the fair where Bibles A series of nine special sermons were being offered for sale. The were preached against the work by vitriol destroyed a number of a priest who had previously served Bibles and slightly injured the col- a jail term in Madrid for scurrilous porteur himself. attack against a member of the Young Diaz, who from his in- royal family on a matter of per- side knowledge of the official re- sonal dress. All this, in the year ligion of Spain understood per- 1925, in a supposedly cosmopolitan fectly what had taken place, ex- city, in continental Europe, less perienced a strong revulsion of than twenty-four hours from feeling against Rome, with a new Paris, and done in the idea of interest in Protestantism, which rendering service to God, by an or- for the first time began to attract ganization which always demands his attention. He found his way freedom of worship for itself, when to the Bilbao chapel, and through in a minority, and whose gather- his contact with the pastor there ing in Chicago last year was af- was easily won to a full allegiance forded the utmost liberty of action, to Christ. That was in 1915. in every conceivable way!

Afterward he taught several years The church, however, is still ocin the mission day-schools, mar- cupying that place, under God's ried a graduate of the Madrid protection, as the landlord develschool for girls, was ordained to oped an unexpected streak of inthe ministry, served two other pas- dependence and made no effort to torates, and is now the active eject his tenants, in spite of all dire pastor of the San Sebastian church. threats. But he will not renew the However, just as soon as it be- lease; and that means that the came known that the work was congregation will be without a again established the landlord be- place of worship again. came the victim of a storm of per- secution. A steady stream of wom- Why Evangelize Spain ~ en callers kept annoying his One day, writes Pastor Stoeffier, mother, his wife and his grown recording his impressions of Spain daughters, with frantic protests while visiting the ancient cemetery against the so-called disgrace to in Madrid, my companion pointed the city. He himself was impor- to the image of Saint Isidro, the tuned, annoyed and harrassed in a city"s patron saint, which was thousand ways to get him to disre- carved above the portal, saying: gard his two-year lease and eject "It seems that they have patched the Protestants from the premises. him up again." His name was published in the papers as a disgrace to the city. In "Who is patched up?" an effort to ruin him financially, "Saint Isidro."

sermons were preached simulta- "Was he damaged?"

THE PROGRESS OF THE GOSPEL IN SPAIN

AN EVANGELICAL PREACHING PLACE AT SANTA AMALIO, SPAIN "Yes, the shopkeepers had the countless number of special smashed him." saints for certain diseases and for all sorts of trouble. The people "Why?" even distinguish between certain "Because he had allowed it to images of this or that saint: one rain ·on the great Saint Isidro fes- is stronger than another; one is tival (a popular holiday observed highly honored and surrounded by each year on the banks of the river a multitude of votive objects, while just below the cemetery) thus another-if the owner happens to spoiling their very lucrative busi- become dissatisfied-is visited with ness." rigorous penalties for laziness and This was by no means an excep- inefficiency. If the people have tional occurrence, but a common prayed for sunshine and it happens expression of what the Spaniard to rain, the image of the saint supregards as piety. The whole life posed to be responsible is tied to a of the Spaniard, especially of the rope and hung in a well as a penwomen, is shot through with the alty. The nino (image of the inworship of the saints and Mariola- fant Christ) which one statue of try, which frequently assumes Saint Antonius holds in his arms actually grotesque forms of pagan is removable-one would not like idolatry. Not only every province to make it suffer also when a penand city has its patron saint, but alty has to be inflicted on the saint! every family-to say nothing of

The way in which Christ is re- it." There was no bitterness or garded by the people is well illus- sarcasm in his voice, only a great, trated in the following incident, deep sadness, like that of one who also related by Pastor Stoefller: A simply could not find himself. And bright little fellow showing us the how eagerly this man-and all image of Jesus among the art those around us – listened to treasures of his home, when asked Pastor Hans Fliedner as he who this Jesus was, could only say brought them the simple message Un santo (a saint). That was of the Gospel, gave them some all he knew, although he had at- evangelical literature and invited tended the church schools. It is them to visit his church in Madrid.

the same with the masses of the One Sunday after a meeting in adult population. They know Fritz Fliedner's little church in nino Jesu, the infant Christ Madrid (into which light comes shown in the pictures of saints; ·only by way of a skylight, because they are familiar with the Christ even now non-Catholic meeting on the crucifix, but Jesus himself places must not open into the is only Un santo, one saint street) the visiting speaker was among many, and very much in the greeted by an elderly woman who background at that. expressed her hap pin e s sand One man we met, a fine, intelli- warmest gratitude for what the gent, earnest veterinary, told about friends of the mission in Germany his nineteen-year-old daughter who were doing to bring the Gospel to had died that year of tuberculosis. Spain. As she turned to go, how- In her great weakness she had re- ever, there came over her coun- fused extreme unction and had tenance such a look of sadness and therefore been refused burial in the brave but bitter determination cemetery. He was greatly dis- that seemed to say: "Yes, this fel- tressed by the experience, and lowship is blessed and wonderful, said: "One thing I do not under- but after all we must fight our stand: God gives us everything battles of life alone."

free; only those who want to go What would it mean to these peo- to heaven must purchase a ticket ple, a little persecuted flock in a in the church; whether first, sec- land still covered by gross dark- ond or third class makes no differ- ness, if they could see and feel that ence, but it is impossible without all evangelical Christendom, not money, and even then one is only only in Europe but also in Amer- in purgatory! I do not understand ica, stood behind them?

THE MOST DILIGENT WORKER "Who is the most diligent bishop and prelate in all England?" asked Latimer. "Who passes all the rest in doing his office? I can tell you; you and I know him well. It is Satan." The devil is certainly the most diligent preacher of all others; he is never away from his charge; you never find him unoccupied; he is ever in his parish; he keeps residence all the time; you never find him out on a vacation; call for him when you will, he is ever at home. He is ever diligent, no loitering, but always applying himself to his business. His office is to hinder men, women and children from knowing and obeying God, to maintain superstition, to set up idolatry, and to teach all kinds of error and evil. :Millionuire of Smiles in his "Sun-kist" Corner A PARALYZED HOME MISSIONARY THE STORY OF FRANK ROY LOOPE OF SEATTLE* BY DAVID McCONAUGHY, New York Director of Departutc1lt of Stewardship, the General Council O N HIS back in a corner of tained the most expert advice from the sun parlor which his Europe. But it was more than a friends built for him, Frank case of paralyis; the limbs were Roy Loope can see with the help literally turning to stone. Before of a hand mirror the ships moving long the head and neck became rig- up Puget Sound and beyond it, the id, and the sufferer realized that snowy Olympic Range. He cannot he was shut up in a narrow cell, lift or even turn his head, yet there where all locomotion was impos- is the ring of contagious joy in sible. All hope of a home of his the cheery voice. own vanished. Then the family When Frank Loope was gradu- removed to the Pacific Coast, where ated from Harvard University he a retired spot was secured. Here was a hale and hearty young man. he lay suffering physical and men- He practiced medicine for some tal agony; bereft of all faith in time, and then suddenly developed God and man.

one of the few cases of "Mores One day his brother-in-law, an disease" known to the medical pro- insurance solicitor, noticed on a fession in this country. His father, desk of a friend of mine on whom himself a noted surgeon, took him he was calling, a check, and casual- to New York for consultation with ly remarked, "Things seem to be the best specialists and even ob- coming your way." My friend told * From 711w Presbyterian Magazine. him that this was a payment to 731 his wife for a story contributed to standing. To his bedside began a young people's periodical. to come many a caller, including "I wish my brother-in-law, not a few folks of distinction- Frank Loope, could do something travelers who brought him first- of that sort," the other replied. hand stories of far-away lands, "He is a Harvard graduate and a musicians of note, who soothed his poet, but his verses brings him no pain with their melody, singers income. Would you and your wife who thrilled his soul with their be willing to call and have a talk talent, lecturers on various sub- with him?" jects, bringing the result of years Out of the call that followed of study, research, and experience.

came the first ray of hope to the At the time of his father's death helpless invalid. Nine years had Dr. Loope became known to the passed since he had moved; only leading funeral director of the city.

his hands were still free. My This man, a Knight Templar, sug- friends awakened some interest by gested taking the invalid in an suggesting that he write a short ambulance to the next meeting of story for boys. Dr. Loope under- the Knights Templar. Though the took the task in a brave attempt proposal seemed utterly impossible, to make good. On Christmas Eve arrangements were made and car- came a check, which was hung on ried out successfully. The sufferer a Christmas tree by his bed. When returned home exhausted but radi- he saw it, tears of joy filled his antly happy. That was but the first eyes, as he exclaimed, of a series of excursions into the "I'll have that check framed and outside world, which he had sup- hung where I can see it. I have posed was forever shut to him.

something to live for now, after The vision of the stewardship of all! Perhaps I can do something life dawned upon him and he began in the world after all, instead of to plan how he might share his being such a burden to those I pleasure with others afflicted like love." himself. He commenced to organ- The earning of that money was ize parties of shut-ins, taking them the turning point in Dr. Loope's to concerts, lectures and movies.

life. He began to get his thoughts His spirit was contagious. Friends off himself, giving his whole at- rallied to his assistance in steadily tention to writing tales that might widening circles. He secured touch the hearts of others. For wheeled chairs, then more and five years my friend gave an after- more of them, until now over twen- noon a week to teaching him short- ty are in use. Automobiles were story writing, and in the course placed at his disposal, and in many of these lessons, there were many cases their owners volunteered to heart-to-heart talks about the high- drive. Space at public entertain- est things of life. Slowly but sure- ments was offered free, and many ly, the Light that never shone on times he has had more than four sea or land but only in the face hundred shut-ins out at matinees of Jesus Christ, and of those who and evening entertainments. One reflect that radiance, broke through Christmas Day, he secured the use the darkness of the imprisoned of a great railway station waiting soul. Dr. Loope found God and room where nearly five hundred the peace that passeth all under- shut-ins enjoyed a great Christmas

A PARALYZED HOME MISSIONARY

treat, with tree and entertainment the sunshine breaks out from this and refreshments and presents. "Sun-kist Corner." Great burly policemen are at his call, specially trained to handle in- In the course of their welfare valids, carrying them to and from work, my friends, Mr. and Mrs. cars as gently as a mother. W. S. Beeman, learned of a little woman whose husband had de- Tidings of what he is doing have serted his family after three little spread even to foreign lands. A girls were born, one of whom died daily newspaper offered Dr. Loope at birth. There were already two an appointment as editor of a Sun- other children-a boy a year old shine Corner, to print news of and and a girl of four. The latter had for the invalids of the Northwest. been praying for a doll that would Day after day he brightens that close its eyes. Mrs. Beeman promcorner with the very radiance of ised she should have it, and though Christ. she appealed through her Sunday- school class and received many Two telephones are installed by dolls, none were the sort for which his bed, and he is in continual touch Genevieve, the little girl, was praywith a great company of folks, near ing. Christmas was only a few and far. Into his ear they tell days off. Then, as she is wont to their problems and troubles. Sev- do in such emergencies, Mrs. Beeeral volunteer stenographers help man called up Dr. Frank Loope. him with correspondence which pours in from a wide area. Often He laughingly replied, when a case is stated, he answers, "I'm no doll factory." "Have you talked the matter over "Well, join me in praying for with God?" In many cases the this doll," was the reply. admission is made that they "never "All right, we'll pray, and see thought of such a thing." Then what happens." in the eyes of this "Millionaire of Within an hour a limousine Smiles" the wonderful light shines, drove up to Dr. Loope's door and and he goes on to say: "I know a richly dressed woman asked just how it is with you. I lost whether she could see him. Ushyears out of my own life because ered up to the sunporch, where he of my bitterness and unbelief, but lay, she hold him that she was to after I got right with God, every- have gone to a card party at that thing changed for me. You try it, hour, but, as distinctly as a human friend, I'll gladly show you the voice, an impulse had moved her way. It is so simple, and you'll find to bring him a collection of dolls that He'll help you solve all your which had been gathered from all problems, soothe your heartaches, over the world for her little girl make you forget yourself and open who had recently died. up to you a glorious way of service Dr. Loope told her of the tele- phone call he had had an hour beto others." fore. The woman told him how her own little girl had died with Thus he has led hundreds of her arms around one of the dollsmen and women and little children one that could say "Mama" and out of the darkness of despair into close its eyes. Thus Genevieve's the marvelous light of a personal prayer was answered and the friendship with the King. A single woman became a believer in prayer. instance will suffice to show how

SANG-JAI OF KOREA*

BY REV. JAMES S. GALE, D.D.

A T THE close of last century rant, teach me." He had never a well known Korean, schol- bowed low like Bartimreus to say ar and aristocrat, named Yi "Lord, that I may receive my Sang-jai came under the displeas- sight." He was still a proud man, ure of his autocratic king. The set on his own understanding, and latter had heard of expressions so he concluded that while Jesus used by Yi in his public utterances was surpassingly good and great, derogatory of Eastern rule, and he was, after all, only human.

thinking to shut off his influence This was so impressed upon him for good and all had him arrested. that he told his fellow-prisoners, Without trial or habeas corpus he great indeed was Jesus of Naz- was locked behind barred dodrs areth, greatest of human kind. So and gates to eke out a miserable would he preach him just as soon existence while a score of moons as he got out of prison. No more went by. Yi had been abroad in politics, or state reform, should America and elsewhere and had engage his attention. He would be noticed the special place the Bible an apostle of this mighty Master has in the life of Western people, who towered so far above all the a wonderful book seemingly! He East. Make him know he would, inquired for it and at last came but as for his being divine-well, into possession of one done in no, that could not be.

Chinese which he now had in With the roar of the Qpening prison with him. He had also the guns of the Japan-Russia War rebooks of Confucius that he pon- verberating through the hills of dered over and compared with this Seoul, the timid monarch, trem- Bible. Much they had in common bling with fear, sent forth a parbut the New Testament, in its gospels, was surely a special story. It don to all prisoners. Yi was thus told a marvelous tale of someone let out of prison. He betook himwhose like he had not seen before, self to a quiet home at the foot of a mysterious being. Was he God, the North Mountain there to live or was he man? The missionary safd he was God. How wonderful and teach according to his own were his words, his works, his attitudes. True enough, none of the interpretation. He was engaged Confucian sages could equal him. on plans for this purpose when one Yi looked with wonder as he morning the police suddenly apstudied these pages day after day peared, surrounded his home, and and yet he failed to make him out. ordered him to be locked up again. He could not see him clearly, for "But my offence?" asked Yi, he had not yet come to the place of Nicod-emus when he said, "How "what is it?" "We do not know," can these thingf) be? I am igno- they answered, "but the command of His Majesty is 'off to prison.' " There being no help for it, Yi wrapped up his Chinese Bible and Confucian books and made ready >I: From 11hc Evangelical Christian. to start, when the chief officer 734 said, "No books, you must leave read it through, twenty-one chapthese." "But I've always had them ters and like a breath of life it was in prison with me. What shall I to me. The next day I read it do if I cannot read?" "We do not again, and as I read I prayed that know, but the word is, 'No books'." God would open my eyes. "Would Back to the dreary round of Far- you believe it," said he, "as I read Eastern prison life went Yi with it and continued reading Jesus no books to read, no consoling rose before me, divine, the Great voice to speak him hope. What Saviour. I had been wholly wrong should he do? "It will drive me in my estimate of him. He was crazy," thought he. "Still, per- God indeed. After I had read it haps God intends I should pray. through about thirty times, one Let's accept it. His will be done." morning word came that I was Down sank the day with nothing free. "Free?" asked I of the offito break its monotony. The first cer. "Why was I arrested in the night passed with gray walls and first place, and why am I let go cold floor. Next morning as it now?" "I don't know," said he, dawned he realized his plight. Al- "but you are free." So I returned ready he had been two years in a home and on my way I asked mysimilar room but he had had his self, "Who locked me up in prisconsolation, books to read, by on? My soul answered, 'God.' means of which his soul had soared Why did He lock me up? That I away to islands of the blessed. To- might have a vision of Jesus, the day, however, he had no such help. Divine One. Who put the little book under the mat? The Holy "Was Christ divine?" "Whither Ghost, the Comforter. Thank God was all the confusion of life tend- for all his goodness." ing?" Would that he could come at an answer and that his own Thus Yi Sang-jai, Greatheart of heart might find peace. "In my Korea, came forth out of his prisdistress, unconsciously," said he, on experience to be for twenty-five "I lifted up the corner of the years apostle and teacher to his coarse reed-mat that covered my own ancient people. We who knew prison floor, when, 10, what should him, bowed before him and counted him our superior in all I see beneath it but a little book things great and good. His smile, with red cover and a Chinese in- the sound of his voice, the light scription. I looked at it and it of his eye, gave a charm of life, said, "The Gospel According to St. indescribable. On March 30, 1927, John." Had I found the elixir of he passed away. A great national life I could not liave been more funeral, the first ever held, drew overjoyed. Here was a book and I hundreds of thousands of people in could read, and such a book. I its train. read it through that day. Yes, THROUGH THE DESIRE FOR SOMETHING BETTER Columbus discovered America. Alexander Graham Bell invented the telephone. Elias Howe produced the sewing machine. Guglielmo Marconi discovered wireless telegraphy. The Wright brothers succeeded in aviation. Thomas A. Edison has produced the phonograph and other devices. Millions of men have been led to seek the true Way of Life through Christ.

Of THE

The New China and the Missionaries death has been almost canonized as the noblest and wisest of men, T HE movement which started designated of Heaven as the several years ago at Cant.on founder of a new order for China's in a frequently announced Ill- political and social life and her ~~ tention of Southern leaders and ex- lations with the world. It was wIth iles from the North to conduct a this "Heart of Bruce" going be- "punitive expedition" against the fore it that the new expeditionary "illegally functioning Peking des- force of 1926, under Chiang Kai potism," of militarists, by milita- Shek started from Canton with rists and for militarists, and to the ~ld objective but with a new establish a constitutional repub- spirit. It executed its uniformly lie assumed many different forms victorious "whirlwind campaign" before arriving at its destination. through Hunan and Hupeh to the heart of China-the three great lCyoomfptohseed~plpirkeessDeadv,idth'sehaogsgt,rileavrgeed-, cities at the junction of the Han and the Yangtze Rivers _ then the outcast, not merely from the South but from all parts of China, down China's great artery to one it first made desultory sallies into after another of the cities and capprovinces bordering on Kwang- itals of Central China. The accretung, under various leaders, no tion of legions which knew not the leader venturing far from head- great leader, nor cared for his quarters for fear that one of his "Three Principles," but sought numerous ambitious rivals would only adventure and selfish gain, take advantage of his absence to execute a coup d'etat. These fears together with the suicidal counsels repeatedly proved themselves well- of men of another race who set founded, so that the history of class against class through the those years was largely one of bit- empty promise of a proletarian ter and often most sanguinary Utopia, brought this victorious strife among the "Constitutional- host to a halt. It broke it up into ists" themselves, these "anti-mili- mutually hostile bands, retiring the tarists" using eve r y military successful leader, arousing antimeans, even to ruthless massacre, to secure their own supremacy pre- foreign feeling, producing the Nanvious to "punishing" the "milita- king outrage and the general rists" of the North. evacuation of foreigners, including missionaries, from Central and Southern China. For many months Dr. Sun Yat Sen was a sincere, the leadership of the Nationalist patriotic, rather visionary theo- movement was so divided and irrist, who while living was now r~- responsible that many even of the vered, now execrated by those III friends of China gave up all hope power in Canton, but since his that any good would come to China 736

TOPICS OF' THE: 1'1MES 7S7

through this thoroughly disorgan- in uninterrupted cooperation with ized and demoralized organization. other forces advancing up the There was again no little talk of Peking-Hankow Railway. In their the necessity of foreign interven- later movements, they have re- tion, or even the partition of the spected foreign property and have country. protected foreign lives, while re- Partly through the desperate de- lieving the long strain inflicted by termination of certain outstanding other forces upon the Chinese pop- leaders that their country should ulation by paying for what they be neither the prey nor the laugh- have used and avoiding all unneces- ing-stock of stronger nat ion s sary destruction.

through the jealousies of Chinese Whether or not the national capi- leaders and their consequent in- tal will be permanently transferred ability to do team-work, partly to Nanking in view of the vast ex- through complete disillusionment penditures involved in the change, of these leaders as to the motives remains to be seen; but the trans- of their communistic advisers and fer gives the advantage of central- the fruits of their theories, and ity and of removal from the treaty- partly through the conciliatory and appointed foreign garrisons of helpful friendliness of Great Brit- Peking. The early revision of that ain and America, the Nationalist treaty may tip the balance in favor Movement has pulled itself togeth- of the old capitaL Of much more er again. It cast out the Commu- importance is China's disappoint- -nists, dismissed the Soviet advisers, ment of the many predictions of discharged or defeated the malcon- critics, and even doubting friends, tents, secured the allegiance of the that the capture of Peking would most powerful generals, reorgan- be followed at once by ambitious ized its armies, thoroughly coor- strife among her prominent mili- dinated its campaign and pressed tary leaders, resulting not only in on to final victory at Tientsin and failure of reconstruction but even Peking. This has not been accom- in the dismemberment of the coun- plished without mistakes and un- try. It is too early to assert that fortunate incidents-the deaths of all such danger has passed, but not Dr. Seymour at Tsining and Mrs. too early to note the evidences that Hobart at Taianfu, the comman- the mutual oath of loyalty of the deering of foreign property for Nationalist leaders at the grave of military occupation – have all Sun Yat Sen (the most sacred form marred the northward progress, of oath in China), was no mere which seemed likely to be stopped empty form, and that they are entirely, or held up indefinitely, by firmly resolved to subject personal conflict with the Japanese at ambitions to the great ambition of Tsinanfu and along the Shantung uniting all China and to the con- Railway to Tsingtao. Without struction of a nation worthy of a awaiting judgment as to the re- position of equality with the other sponsibility for this regrettable nations of the world. Thank God clash, the Nationalists refused to that the United States of America be diverted from their great ob- has expressed her confidence in jective, and, leaving the Shantung this constructive intention, and has situation to be cleared up at their held out a sympathetic helping later leisure, pressed on to Peking hand of recognition and concession, 4

instead of waiting for other na- Chinese Christian which promise tions disposed to "wait and see" more equal and satisfying associa- tion and more fruitful cooperation or even to interpose obstacleB in in the years to come. The missionthe way of her independence and ary, as a rule, will exercise less reorganization. authority than in the past, but pos- sibly will exert more influence. By The rapid, sometimes extrava- request and desire of the Chinese, gant, growth of China's national he will be, in most cases, a minconsciousness has brought much in- ister or a member of the Chinese convenience and some suffering to Church; by its appointment asforeign residents; but it has also signed to specific work. By his own brought many very wholesome choice he will be subject to the govheart-searchings and realignments, ernment and discipline of the Chinot only to nations whose citizens nese Church; counselor and fellowand commerce have been affected, laborer loaned by the Church in the not only to the Chinese who have West to her sister Church in China. realized and repented the extrava- The trans-Pacific steamers of gances, but also to some mission- August and September will be aries who had, though largely crowded with returning missionunconsciously, failed to do justice aries; most of the evacuated sta- tions are re-opening, and everyto the Chines.e race and sometimes where a special warmth of weleven to their own Chinese associ- come from the Chinese is maniates. At the same time the serious result of ill-advised nationalism in fested. the evacuation of many mission One of the most acute recent stations by order of Board or Consul, has thrown such unwonted re- problems, and one of the most difsponsibility upon both paid and ficult, for missions and their supunpaid Chinese Christians as has, porting boards, has been that of Christian education. Before the on the one hand, drawn out the rise of the Anti-Religion and Antidevotion and abilities latent in the Christian Movements about 1922, faithful while driving away the and the subsequent intensification few unworthy ones. On the other of the new national consciousness, hand these things have brought to Christian schools had been tacitly all a new appreciation of what they granted liberty to teach what they owe to the missionary for past chose and how they chose, since no service, and of the practical im- compulsion whatever kept students possibility of accomplishing their in any school with whose curevangelistic and educational task riculum they were displeased. A without his help for yet many years rapid increase in the proportion of to come. There has been in addi- non-Christian students, enrolled in tion, during those terrible days at the Christian schools as superior Nanking, and elsewhere, a unique to those maintained by the Governdemonstration of the sacrificial de- ment, attracted the attention of the votion of Chinese Christians to anti-Christians and anti-religionmissionary friends in their deadly ists, and its "peril of Christian peril. proselytism" was magnified many From these results of the recent fold in public denunciation and in strenuous and painful years there fiery opposition at meetings of ed- has developed a mutual respect and affection between missionary and

TOPICS OF THE TIMES

ucational associations. The s e schools that no student should be bodies sought from Boards of Edu- excluded from their privileges!"

cation strict regulations requiring Of course there are not a few registration of all private schools missionaries who believe that all and their exclusion of all required religious instruction and worship religious studies and worship. Of- should be voluntary as a matter of ficial "interpretations" led many principle and advantage to the Christian educators to feel that school, quite apart from govern- they involved no sacrifice of Chris- ment regulations; and they, as well tian purpose, while others think as their opponents, marshal a them a direct denial of the Chris- formidable array of statistics in tian aim, and ask as to the fate of evidence. It is too early to decide. registered s c h 0 0 1s when some The China missionaries, on the Board of Education chooses to in- field and on furlough, have, as a terpret the regulations m 0 r e rule, rejoiced in the American strictly. The problem has been State Department's notable diplomade more difficult by the fact that matic expression to China of syma large majority of the Chinese pathetic confidence and helpfulness, Christians, in their new patriotism the recognition of the new Governand in the fear that graduates of ment, and declaration of readiness unregistered schools may not be received in registered schools, ad- to negotiate for the removal of all "inequalities" in international revocate registration. lations. It is a fine example In the south, the situation has to other nations and indirectly a been complicated by conflicting authorities in regions held by the gesture of protection to China, and Nationalists, and by the require- should lead eventually to the clearment of reverence to Sun Yat Sen. ing of international obstacles from the road to China's full rehabilita- Christian educational associations have hesitated; missions and boards tion and development into one of have varied from complete approval the strong nations of the world. of registration to a preference for It will strengthen the determinathe closing of schools. Many hope tion of China's new leaders to hold that the new National Board of Edu- together for the great constructive cation, in harmony with recent pro- work. They have held together on nouncements of Nationalist leaders the field and, in spite of gloomy in emphatic favor of complete reli- forecasts, in the Government Coungious liberty, will issue new regula- cil which has just finished its contions allowing private schools free- sideration of the many and great dom of instruction and worship, problems which present themselves with no prejudice to students' before the rulers of a new nation standing. A rather naive reply of 400,000,000 or more. Four memwas made by a Nationalist leader bers of China's Cabinet are Chris- recently to the question, when he tians and other Christians are on said: committees, to which the govern- "Yes, it is true that students ment is, for the present, to be en- who do not wish Christianity are trusted, rather than to a possibly not compelled to attend Christian ambitious President. The Chris- schools; but those schools are so tian Church will watch the Council much better than the government with special interest, not, of course

in the foolish hope that a Christian has made almost superhuman adnation may come forth by fiat, but vances. in the hope of a more genuine establishment of religious liberty Fortunately, we have an historical than that obtained through the example of how this can be done more strenuous struggle of a dozen years rapidly. When our own southern ago. While we have grown accus- states found themselves, following the tomed to unexpected upsets in Civil War, overwhelmed with the edu- China, and too confident predic- cational problem, and passions and tions are not in order, yet there politics as well as poverty prevented a probably has never been a time sufficiently prompt mobilizing of edusince the revolutionary establishment of the republic in 1912, when cational forces, outside help was the outlook for a righly reconstructed· China was so bright as it given. Great private funds like the is at the present time. General Education Board, the Phelps- COURTENAY HUGHES FENN. Stokes, the Jeanes, the Rosenwald and other funds so supplemented govern- The Present Crisis in Mexico ment aid that education was advanced in double quick time. T HE assassination of President- elect Obregon of Mexico means At first these efforts were crude and that long centuries of abuse re- often offensive to the South; but both quire long educational processes for the North and the South learned to correction. Friends of Mexico ought cooperate, and the Southerns have to take the present crisis as a chal- come now to be large contributors. lenge to speed up these processes. By holding conferences for education in the South all parties have come to a The assassination of Obregon, as of beautiful fellowship in the common many others who have, though faintly cause and today more educational comand faultily, challenged the old order missions go to visit Southern instituin Mexico during centuries, is not the tions from various nations than in any crime of an individual. It is society itself that must answer-the kind of a other place in the world. What has society that has allowed to exist in Mexico and in its next-door neighbor, been done in the South can be done in elements that would play fatally on the Mexico, with similar good results for passions of the masses who have been all concerned. Mexicans of ability kept ignorant, degraded and supersti- ought to volunteer help. But so also tious, that they might better be ex- ought Americans to help, for the ploited. greater part of all Mexico's wealth is in American hands. The present situation emphasizes the oft repeated statement that only The time for such a serious moveby enlightened education can Mexico solve her problems. But so little is ment of a neighbor to help Mexico is done to educate! At the close of the Diaz regime it was estimated that the more propitious now because of 75% of the population was illiterate. The revolutionary movement has made two reasons. Those reasons are Calles herculean efforts and in the last few years the Department of Education and Morrow. Calles is a school teacher with the educational attitude.

Morrow is the first ambassador we have sent to Mexico that is sufficiently wise, understanding and devoted to the development of Mexico's masses, rightly to befriend such a movement with a great practical demonstration of Christian brotherhood that will re- verberate throughout the Americas and the world. S. G. INMAN. WHAT I HAVE LEARNED ABOUT METHODS By HELEN BARRETT MONTGOMERY, Rochester, N. Y.

I have learned that some method is A third thing that I have learned is absolutely necessary if we are to do that a well-organized society runs effective work. The great difficulty smoothly, without the jolts and jars with many missionary societies is that that occur in a society where one they are so casual. They go along in woman tries to do everything, and a rut, year after year, and go con- then sighs over the perfectly terrifytentedly, like one of those fat, old ing amount of work ·she has to do.

fashioned family horses, whose very If I had only two women in a society "plop, plop, plop" could lull you to I would have at least two committees sleep on the J:oughest road. with one member at the head of each So the first thing I would say is to committee.

study hard until you get a plan for Most of our denominational Boards your work, and then work that plan have issued booklets with the most for all you are worth. As long as you careful and well-considered plans of are bound for nowhere in particular organization for local auxiliaries; and you are likely to arrive in the village yet there are women who will glance of nowhere; as long as you aim at over the booklet indifferently, push it nothing special you are likely to hit aside disdainfully, exclaiming, "One the bullseye, "Nothing," every time. could never use anything so compli- Then I have learned that the best cated as that" and return to their old plans are not lowered out of the sky unorganized circles. Now an oyster on one woman; but are likely to be has very little organization, but who built up of careful and continued and would wish to be an oyster? The faithful planning by a committee. The price of smooth-running efficiency is one woman society is usually a one- organization. But too many mission- horse affair. One brain spinning all ary societies try to function with old, the plans and programs spins a pat- outgrown, worn out or non-existent tern that everyone recognizes. organization.

Take a leaf out of the experience I have learned that the best organi- of the best organized woman's clubs. zation will not run itself. Someone They have a program committee, meet- must work through the organization, ing regularly and planning out the and not counter to it. Yet discouraged work a year ahead. A plan on which a presidents are saying, "I can't get anyhalf dozen have toiled and prayed to- body to help. I just have to do it all gether is apt to have the bouquets myself." They assign responsibility, and not the brickbats of at least a and assign tasks, but both, are like half dozen of the members. No two bouncing balls attached to a rubber of us look at things just alike, and a cord, that are yanked back again into united plan is apt to have the good the hands of the officious presidents.

points wrought out by many persons, Said a woman to me not long ago, hence it has a far wider appeal than "I am just discouraged. Mrs. A asked the one that approves itself to only one me to do something. I was taking real person. pleasure in it, and the first woman I 741 called upon said, '0 yes, Mrs. A tele- I am sure that we understand that phoned to me about that this morning.' they are just as good as we are." The trouble is she never trusts you to take care of your job, but she always After this astonishing speech she keeps her hand on it." could not understand why there seemed to be a frost in the meeting. Such an experience is not infrequent. Such a president is training I should put the ability to forget no one to fill her place. She has no understudy. She is making her society herself, and to make every one feel weak and parasitic by her over-fussi- at home among the chief qualities in a president. ness. A president owes it to subordinate I have learned that definiteness is greatly to be desired in the presentaofficers to talk over their responsi- tion of missions. Vague, big-worded, bilities with them, to write down definitely, if it is not already defined abstract presentation of general matin the constitution, just what their ter is uniformly dull. One concrete duties are, and when the understand- item about a real situation is worth ing is complete to let go, to trust them, everything. What gave the tremenand let them know she is depending dous drive to Catherine Mayo's upon them. "Mother India"? The fact that she dealt not with generalities or organi- I have learned that little things zation but with definite vital facts that have a big power in the successful gripped the people who read it. program. Flowers for the desk, a careful arrangement of the seats, good There are speakers so constituted ventilation, attention to the hymns that they can take the juice out of chosen so that they fit into the any topic and make it as dryas dust. topic of the meeting; choice of Scrip- Their method is usually general, abture and a score of other details should be attended to by those who are ap- stract, political, rather than particular, pointed to look after them. They concrete, human. should not be attempted all by one woman. They give atmosphere to the When pictures, curios, dramatics meeting. have such instant power to move, when, of all topics, missions abounds In this atmosphere nothing counts in color, the unusual, the dramatic, more than simple friendliness. A stiff, why is it that we make use of them so formal, frigid, caste-ridden meeting infrequently? will invariably be a small one. Not so long ago the ladies of the "First-" I have learned that the deepest dechurch invited the circle from "Cal- fect in all our programs are their vary," a newly-organized church in a prayer failures. We put up a brief "deplain part of the town, to meet with them. The "Calvary" ladies came, votional exercise" as a sort of orthotwenty of them, with high anticipa- dox lightning rod, and then amble tions to the famous old "First" church. No one greeted them at the door. through a long program with never a They all huddled timidly by them- word of prayer. "Praying always," selves in one part of the room. The "in everything by prayer," says Paul. regular members came in coldly, none Why not interrupt a meeting to pray seemed to be very happy, or to antici- definitely for a need just brought to pate a very good time. The climax our attention? Why not remember was when the president, a pompous our missionaries by names and by little woman, very anxious to do good, circumstance before the throne' of said, "I am sure that the ladies of the grace? Why not make our meetings First Church want to give a warm real intercessory gatherings? That is welcome to the ladies of Calvary and the way of power.

——- ONLY A POSTAGE STAMP If the Christians in America would give one postage stump per capita per week for foreign missions. it would mean $30,000,000 in one year.. If one car fare a W8e-k, $75,000,000; if one dlS1! of lee cream a week, $200,000,000; If the eql1lva]ent of one hour's work, at the rate of unskilled labor, $900,OOO,OOO.-Ghri8tian In- tcZZigencer.

WOMAN'S HOME MISSION

EDITED BY FLORENCE E. QUINLAN, 105 EAST 22ND ST., NEW YORK MISSIONARY EDUCATION TODAY cussion of the major problems in the missionary education of each grade. The April issue of the REVIEW cont~~ned ~n article by Rev. R. A. Hume, D.D., on .A MlSM It is felt that the chief significance sionary's Motives To-day…. Man~ are ana- of these two conferences lies in the lyzing the motives WhICh anlmate the future. The discussions of such groups missionary enterprise to-day and are care- of missionary workers as met on both fully stuuying present methods.-EDITOR. occasions are sure to be stimulating, but are likely to raise more questions The Missionary Education Move- than they answer. Just in proportion to their novelty do they require furment held during 1927, two educa- ther experimentation.

tional conferences. The first, on April At the opening session a report was presented of the responses to the ques- 2ob1jset~tmiveets in New York City to discuss tionnaire mentioned above. One hun- in missionary education. dred and ten correspondents answered all or part of the questionnaire, 62 About fifty delegates were present. women and 45 men. These were dis- tributed over 18 denominations. Prac- Very specific lists of objectives were tically all replies were from those friendly to the missionary enterprise, formulated for each of five age groups, about half of them having official con- nection with it. The returns give to serve as a basis for further criti- almost no clue to the opinions of uni- versity students influenced by modern cism and experimentation. (These tendencies of thought, non-missionary intelligentsia, business men, and the lists may be obtained from the Move- rank and file in the pews. Allowance for this must be made in estimating ment.) the replies.

The second conference met at Poco- Motives of the Missionary Enterprise no Manor, Pennsylvania, October 4th- t6oth~onwsiitdhera total of eighty delegates, the most effective motives and methods of missionary education.

This subject was chosen with two special problems in mind. In the first place, it was realized that some of ~he motives for missionary work WhICh were once most influential have in many sections lost their hold to a greater or less extent. Enough change has taken place to render desirable some study of the question. In the Of 29 possible motives for the missecond place, the objectives drafted at sionary enterprise, the following were the previous conference needed further most frequently marked A, indicating discussion. In order to be achieved those which appealed most strongly they must be adequately motivated to the correspondents: and approached by appropriate meth- Desire to fulfil Christ's mission to the ods. world. For the study of the first problem Desire to spread the kingdom of God. His desire that all men shall be brought a rather extensive questionnaire had Obtoediaenkcneotwoletdhgeecoomf mthaendtruotfhC. hrist. been prepared and distributed through Constraint of the love of Christ for all the secretaries of a large number of boards. mankind. Desire to share our best blessings, tem- Most of the time of the conference was spent on the second problem. The poral, intellectual and spiritual.

delegates divided into five sections for X signified that the correspondent study of the several age groups. The thought the motive was growing leaders of each section reported to the stronger in its appeal today. Those whole gathering and conducted a dis- most frequently so marked were: 743

Desire to promote good will betwen na- The sharing of our own experience of tions and races. personal communion with Christ.

Desire to help solve world problems. The Christiani'zation of all aspects of Desire to counteract evil influences of national life.

Western civiHzation. Helping other peoples to make their own Desire for the broadest human fellow- interpretation of Christ.

ship. The objectives most frequently Desire to develop the best possibilities of struck out as positively undesirable were: those for whom we work. The extension of the beliefs for which It is striking that none of these our denomination stands. are among those which the largest number of correspondents consider The overthrow of false religions which most important. cannot save and which blind men to the truth. o signified that the motives seemed The salvation of souls from eternal death for reasons, good or bad, to be losing through faith in Christ. in appeal. Those most frequently marked thus were: The bringing out of the best and re- pressing the worst in non-Christian Pity for the future state of the heathen. religions. Desire to extend the Church. Desire to hasten the second coming of The objectives most frequently left without any mark were: Christ. The greater glory of God. The evangelization of the world in this Pity for their present life without generation.

Christ. The discovery of new tasks for organized Christianity which have hitherto been Correspondents were asked to strike neglected. out any motives considered to be positively objectionable. Those most fre- Why Ohanges Are Taking Place in quently marked thus were: Motives and Methods Desire to hasten the second coming of Christ. The questionnaire contained 53 pos- sible reasons for such changes. Those Pity for the future state of the heathen. most frequently marked A, signifying Desire to extend the Church. true and especially symptomatic of A particular interest in some nation or present tendencies, were: class. The cultivation of spiritual life has been The benefit resulting from the reaction neglected.

of missionary effort on the home The older, sharply drawn line between Church. the saved and the lost no longer stim· ulates many, even of those who still Only the following offended the sen- hold it in theory. sibilities of no one: Creature comforts, once considered lux- Desire to fulfil Christ's mission to the uries, have now become for many in- world. dispensable.

Desire for the broadest human fellow- Those who have become dependent upon ship. such indulgences feel rebuked, and therefore repelled by the ideals of sac- Desire to make one's life count for most. rifice for which missionary work Desire to spread the kingdom of God. stands. Desire to promote good will between na- Following the extreme emotional tension tions and races. of the Great War, there has been a reaction in which appeals for effort Objectives of Missionary Enterprise and sacrifice have less influence.

There were 24 possible objectives The multitude of financial drives of of the missionary enterprise present- every description has lessened enthued. It was realized that these would siasm for anything that seems like overlap the motives to a certain ex- drive promotion. tent, but it was considered worth while to check up on general trends Others frequently marked as true in this way. The objectives most fre- in the opinion of correspondents were: quently marked A were: The multiplication of agreeable ways of The training of Christian leadership. spending the time makes more serious The promotion of universal brotherhood. occupations less congenial.

WOMAN'S HOME MISSION BULLETIN

Machinery of promotion has been over- struck out by the whole body. In emphasized and spiritual motives not some cases this may have been due to sufficiently so. a different interpretation of the state- ment in question, but in others it The average church member has no such probably signifies that some of our sense of proprietorship in missionary constituency are still giving first place boards as alumni have in institutions to motives and opinions that in the they have attended, or citizens in mu- minds of the main body of progressive nicipal projects. promoters of the missionary enter- prise are discredited. It should be E signified that in the judgment of strongly emphasized that the returns the correspondent the statement was quoted above come in general from the altogether false. Those most frequent- best friends the enterprise has today. ly marked thus were: If there had been received, as had been hoped, replies representing the The intellectual, social and spiritual attitudes of those who are indifferent quality of those who enter the ministry or critical, it is very probable that the is declining. complexion of results would be ma- terially altered. Some have their confidence in efficiency shaken by the transfer of administra- Some of the matters to which at- tion on the field to native control. tention was called in the introductory addresses were as follows: There is a suspicion that reports from the field are one-sided or prejudiced. 1. Among the influences that are affecting theological thought today is On the part of many pastors an unwill- the experimental method of verifica- ingness to face the question of volun- tion which is undermining confidence teering for missionary service makes in authority in general, and has also it difficult to promote the enterprise had a disintegrating effect on many with enthusiasm. ideals and standards of value. The demonstrated importance of accurate The sentimentality of some missionary tracing! of causal connections leads appeals has led to the suspicion that many to discount whatever does not most of them are sob stuff. easily lend itself to this method. Hope is directed, not to God, but to the What Are You Most Interested To understanding of nature. New cir- Learn About the Missionary cumstances and thrills are being Enterprioe? placed within the reach of multitudes whose lives were formerly monoto- The items most frequently marked nous and prosaic, with the result of an were: increasing acceptance of a pleasure philosophy of life. It is realized that Fine types of native Christians, or of the so-called heathen are not so black other races won to Christianity in this as they were painted, and that we are country. not so white. The social problems of the twentieth 2. In colleges there is good response century as affecting missionary effort at home and abroad. to the ideas of work fellowship, inter- national relations, efforts to under- Building up the native church on the stand one another, but little for mis- foreign field. sions. Certain terms used in connec- tion with missions are not understood Current history as affecting missionary and others are repellant. There is a effort. feeling that some features of mission- ary work have ceased to function. Political developments and problems of Foreign students, some of whom feel internationalism. very bitterly, have given a different Those most frequently struck out were: Horrors of heathenism. Arguments of non-Christians. Evidences of the weakening of other re- ligions. Scientific estimate of the actual efficien- cy of the missionary enterprise. Weak spots in the present organization at home.

yorrespondents very frequently indicated their special approval of certain statements. It is interesting that a number of individuals selected those statements that were most frequently

picture of missionary enterprise. 6. Do you keep your head in an Some students react against the mili- emergency? tary metaphors which missionary supporters have used. 7. Do you remain calm under criti- cism? 3. High pressure methods of missionary appeal to the home church 8. Do your mates respect you and have left some unfortunate reactions cooperate with you? against organized campaigns and missionary enthusiasm in general. Only 9. Can you maintain discipline a small percentage of the Church is without using authority? being reached with educational methods. Such methods should be brought 10. Can you handle a group of disto bear on new organizations that are satisfied persons successfully? arising. Attention was called to a large group of missionary societies of 11. Are you a successful peace-maka strongly evangelistic type without er? organized church support, but with special conferences of their own; 12. Are you patient in dealing with also, on the other hand, the challenges nervous and hard-to-pease people? from the various standards of every feature of the missionary enterprise. 13. Can you get people to do things It was urged that the task of Christi- without irritating them? anity in the world today be considered as one especially of education, rather 14. Can you stand being opposed than proclamation. without saying things you regret lat- er? The Missionary Education Movement was asked to arrange for con- 15. Are the delicate situations ever tinued study and experimentation. All turned over to you to handle? interested are asked to cooperate in this effort to establish missionary 16. Do you make and· keep friends education upon a sounder basis. Re- easily? ports of projects and experiments will be gratefully received and correspond- 17. Do you catch yourself quarrelence regarding objectives, motives, ing about petty things? methods and materials is invited. 18. Do you adjust yourself to stran- Communications should be addressed to the gers easily? ruducational Se~retary, Missionary Education !.'loveml'nt, 150 Fifth Avenue, New York City. 19. Are you free from embarrass- CGllics of the complete rpport, including the ment before superiors? s('ctions dealing with the various age groups, may he sccured from the )'lovcmcnt at 10 cents 20. Are subordinates at ease in each. your presence?

ESSENTIALS OF LEADERSHIP 21. Can you express your ideas without appearing overbearing and By DR. H. H. HORNE, narrow-minded? New York University 22. .Are you interested in folks? In giving yourself a rating, allow 23. Have you tact? three points or a fraction of three on 24. Have you a' reasonable amount each question. of self-contidence ? 25. Have you confidence in your 1. Have you a strong body? cause? 2. Did you ever break yourself of a bad habit? 26. Have you the cooperative and 3. Can YOU exercise self-control not the competitive spirit? when things go wrong? 4. Are you cheerful and free from 27. Are you adapted to the group grouchy spells? you seek to lead? 5. Do you think for yourself? 28. Have you a steady will? 29. Do you have vision, that is, can you see the better order coming? 30. Have you the power of the single motive?

31. Do you wear the leader's white flower of the sincere life?

32. Are you sometimes alone ~ith yourself and God?

33. Can you sense yourself as an agent of the world-purpose?

WOMAN'S FOREIGN MISSION

EDITED BY ELLA D. MACLAURIN, 419 FOURTH AVENUE, NEW YORK TOYOBIKO KAGAWA the young people loyal to it. With (Since its organization it has been reference to the Government, he is the purpose of the Federation Bulletin much trusted now, though in former and Magazines Committee to present years he was several times imprisoned the Christian Movement in the Orient because of his adive interest in the through national leaders. Articles by strikers. During one of those impristhem and about them have appeared. onments he wrote his most famous This month through excerpts from book 'Beyond the Death Line' which letters and articles of those who have has gone through 180 editions. (In seen him in his home and at his work English called 'Before the Dawn.') we present "the outstanding Christian in Asia."-AMY G. LEWIS.) " ….. There is nothing he is not tackling: model tenements, kinder- gartens, matrons' classes, the cooper- Winifred Wygal of the Y. W. C. A. atives, farmers' unions, etc. " ….. Kagawa is in Gandhi's class, after a visit to his home in the suburbs I should say …. Kagawa has suffered of Osaka writes: and prayed and reflected as much as Gandhi; though, of course, not for so "Mr. Kagawa is thirty-nine years old and has written more than forty many years."

books on a wide range of subjects. Ruth L. Fraser of the Y. W. C. A.

He is a real scholar and very devout. writes of his visit to China and sends He and his wife have suffered and extracts from his speeches before the have sacrificed everything for their Conference on Christianizing Eco- faith in social justice through Jesus. nomic Relations held in Shanghai, Mr. Kagawa runs two large settle- before the International Industrial ments. Always he is organizing co- Service League and before the Chris- operatives, unions, getting Christians tian pastors and leaders in Shanghai: into politics, in the hope of changing "In August of last year, this great conditions. His biggest campaign now man of Japan came to China for a is what he calls his 'Million Souls for visit of several weeks to attend the Jesus' campaign. Street preaching is conference called by the National one of the largest activities of the Christian Council on 'Christianizing group. He preaches almost every Economic Relations.' Upon the mem- night to crowded houses and he is bers of this conference the personal- sure that the people are hungry for ity and social philosophy of Mr.

God and the Christian religion. He Kagawa made so deep an impression writes prolifically in the hope of that we feel it worth while to give an reaching the common people, and is idea of the man and his philosophy.

having quantities of inexpensive liter- "Brought up in a wealthy home, ature printed for distribution among Kagawa became an earnest and zeal- them. ous Christian while yet a young stu· "It is noteworthy that he is loyal dent. In his book 'Beyond the Death both to the Government and to the or- Line' he tells how his first sight of ganized Church. He himself is a poor people living in crowded dis- Presbyterian and he stays inside. His tricts, his meeting with a beggar idea is to remake the Church by put- woman and a year's residence in a ting social passion and religious fervor poor fishing village where he went for into it from the inside and by keeping his health aroused his conscience as a . 747

Christian to work to better the con- in the slums and experiencing there ditions of such people. Although suf- the problems of pauperism, I am of fering from tuberculosis, at the age the opinion that these problems are of twenty-two he went to preach and best met by the encouragement of a later to live in the poor district of labor movement.

Kobe. " ….. 'I like the three principles " 'While preaching in the slums,' he of Dr. Sun Yat Sen. His ideas are says, 'I made many friends. I do not the same as mine. I do not like like to call them converts but friends. Marxianism, but if communism is of Some had been murderers. I have the humanitarian type – "giving"

been beaten by some of these people, communism, not "robbing" commu- or threatened with swords and pistols, nism-I approve of it. I have no before they came to understand my sympathy toward it if it means vio- words. Now two of them, under the lence.'

new manhood suffrage law are going "Mr. Kagawa's interest in working into the prefectural assemblies and people is not confined to the cities but one has become a poet widely read and extends to the country villages, those now translated into Russian.' other feeders of the slums. 'The Na- "But Mr. Kagawa is not satisfied tional Peasants' Union in Japan was with mere relief work among people formed in my little chapel in the who have sunk to the lowest depths of slums, six years ago. It was my prin- human existence. He is too fine a stu-' ciple to organize but not to become dent of economics and sociology for the president. In this way, I also or- that. One of his many books is called ganized the Federation of Labor of 'The Psychology of the Slums.' 'The West Japan, the cooperatives in more I studied slum psychology, the Osaka, Kobe, and Tokyo, and the Tok- more I realized that we must stop the yo Students' Cooperatives and three slums higher up. Three kinds of peo- Or four schools of labor. One by one, ple came down to the slums-a major- I turned these all over to my friends.

ity who are sick, some who are feeble My friend, Rev. Motojiro Sugiyama minded, and some who have vices such led the Peasants' Union. Two years as gambling, drinking, drugs or sex- ago we had 100,000 families in it ual vice. Most of them come from the which meant about half a million country villages or from the ranks of members. When the communists came the Ill-boring classes. So unless we the peasants did not know what they preach to the laboring classes, we can were, nor what "left" was, and turned never save the slums.' …… 'Every- Red, and took money from Russia. So where in the world the first agitators Sugiyama resigned, and he and I for social reconstruction have been started a new union of the peasants the intelligentsia. From the begin- and called it the Pan-Japanese Peas-'

ning the Japanese churches have pro- ants' Union which has about 30,000 duced labor leaders. Christianity was members.'

hated, and becoming a Christian "Political action is also a part of meant being looked upon as a danger- Mr. Kagawa's program for saving the ous person. Having taken that step, slums. He has been largely instru- one felt he might as well go one fur- mental in organizing the Socialist ther; so we Christians became labor Party, the Farmer-Labor Party, and leaders. the Proletarian Political Party, but " ….. 'It is evident that there is from the beginning he knew that uni- less labor disturbance where there are versal suffrage was necessary in Japan genuine trades unions. The union before the poor and the working peo- movement is not a violence movement, ple could get their rights. He went it is a solidarity movement. It bene- from Shanghai to spend the autumn fits the laborers, but it benefits society and winter in a campaign of education also. After eighteen years of living 'to prepare his friends in peasant and

WOMAN'S FOREIGN MISSION BULLETIN

labor circles for the intelligent use of "Mr. Kagawa was mQst sympathetie their new privilege. with China and her aims. 'I like "Small of stature, almost insignifi- China,' he said. 'China taught us cant in appearance but for the light civilization. Confucius, Mencius, and in his face, Mr. Kagawa fascinates Chinese Buddhism taught us real people with his extremes. A Chris- civilization of the heart. Now, again, tian faith so simple as to be almost as I meet you, I feel your greatness childlike flowers into a special philos- of territory and of civilization, and ophy staggering in its embrace. A though today you are suffering, I feel deadly seriousness of purpose lies' be- some day you will come again to teach neath all his charming humor as he us.' With his engaging combination talks, for as he himself says, 'Since I of wit and deep significance, he made have lived in the slums, I have under- another interesting reference to the stood for the first time the function intimate connection between China of laughter; it is God's precious and Japan. Speaking of labor condi- safety valve.' tions in Japan he said: 'There are "His life is as full of extremes as probably at least 200,000 unemployed his character. Living a busy life in Japan this year because of the twenty-four hours a day among the panic and slump in industry. Forty degraded and destitute, he has ap- per cent of the industry in Osaka and parently read the best books of all Tokyo depends on China. When you languages along his special lines of have a disturbance here, we also have economics, sociology and philosophy trouble. We therefore request you to and in the field of literature. He be quiet now!'

quotes English authors freely. He "A few words of his own in a devo- has never ceased to preach, but he has tional talk at the conference express somehow managed to enlarge his audi- more clearly than any comment, the el1ce to cover the world through the spirit and motive of Mr. Kagawa's medium of his forty-five books. 'And,' life: he says, 'I have several more ready "'What we need today in our So- for publication.' Imprisoned by his cial Movement is the man who can government in 1919 for his activities bear the Cross and who can love in connection with the Labor Move- others as Christ loves him. The most ment, after the earthquake in 1923 he difficult thing is to reconstruct society was called by the same government so that we can forgiVe others. To to Tokyo to become a member of the give opportunities to the minority, to Imperial Economic Commission. He forgive those who come against us- described the period as follows: 'I to forgive them and redeem them- was in Tokyo fully three years doing and to die for those who harm us, relief work-the only one of the well- that is the ideal; and Christ did that.

known Socialists who dared to enter The love of Christ stands out as the the capital at that time. During greatest thing known to humanity. It those years, I did little organization is only as we shall bear in our hearts work among laborers and peasants. the Cross, and express in our lives The conservative leaders asked me to God's love, that we may lift the stay in Tokyo because I had worked fallen.' "

in the slums and studied them so long Surely this of all times is not the time that they considered me an expert in to disbelieve in Foreign Missions. Surely relief work. Three times a week I he who despairs of the power of the Gosmet at the Prime Minister's office with this commission and helped in the pel to convert the world toda:y, despairs reconstruction of Tokyo. I was also of the noontide just when the sunrise is breaking out of twilight on the earth.

Rather we ought to come into the very asked to be one of a committee of heart of the Gospel. • We should come with true confidence to claim our Saviour seven to study immigration and offer advice on that question.' for the world and to claim the world for our Saviour.-Phillips Brooks.

JAPAN-KOREA signal the traffic this little

dangled clearly from under his coat. The Gospel in Print I said to myself, '0, that that man may fully un~rstand and compre- GEORGE BRA I T H W A I T E, of hend the great significance of that Tokyo, speaking in London at the emblem on his watch-fob.' Then I eighty-second annual meeting of the added, 'Perhaps he does.' . . . . A few World's Evangelical Alliance, said: days later as I was walking past an "My work for most of the time I have optician's shop, I caught sight of that been in Japan has been to provide familiar and thought-provoking pic- Christian books and tracts for the ture called 'The Rock of Ages,' depict- Japanese. It has been officially stated ing a cross in a stormy sea. Naturally that ninety-nine per cent of the the same impulse came to me, and I children of school age in Japan said, 'Surely there is a cross in that actually attend school, and so we man's life.''' have tremendous opportunities there for the Gospel in its printed form Joseph's Message for Japan to go out right over the whole country. . . .It is splendid to see some ONE of the "best sellers" in of the Japanese Christians taking hold Tokyo book stores is reported of the problems that come before them, to be the story of Joseph, which and it is very encouraging to see dif- is published under the title, "Out ferent things that are happening. The of the Pit." D. F. Ehlman writes Gospel of Christ is transforming of the book in The Outlook of Japan. There is absolute liberty Missions: "Joseph's triumph over there. Two copies of every book or the seemingly impossible proves the tract we publish has to be sent to the falsity of fatalism and is introducing Government before being put into cir- many to the possibility of new living. culation. The Japanese Government Joseph did not believe in the current have power to stop or change them in 'it cannot be helped' philosophy. If he any way they wish. They have never had, he surely would have committed even suggested any change in our suicide and excused himself as a poppublications." ular Japanese author, Akutagawa, did last summer by saying, 'Suicide needs The Cross in Kagoshima great courage, and only the coura- REV. JOHN TER BORG, mission- geous can take their own lives.' Why ary of the Reformed Church in is 'Out of the Pit' meeting with such America, describes several occasions a great response? The answer I bewhen he has seen the cross in the lieve is contained in the implications streets of the Japanese city of Kago- of a rather typical article which apshima. Among them are these two: peared some time ago in The Japan "The other day while riding in a street Times describing several cases in car I noticed a cross hanging from the which parents first murdered their watch fob of a traffic director who was children and then committed suicide standing on a busy crossing. Every in order to escape the miseries of time the man would lift his hands to poverty."

750

1928J WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

A Kobe College Symphony of our knight on the spacious and T HE Student Government Associa- beautiful campus of this institution tion of Kobe College for Women, of learning, which he himself founded Kobe, Japan, took charge of the pro- and where the Korean youths came gram for Founder'S Day this year, from all parts of the country to see the and various groups of students com- li~ht of truth and to be inspired by peted in expressing their conception the ideals of love and service."

of the spirit of the college. President Street Preaching in Syenchun Charlotte B. De Forest writes: "The group of teacher judges awarded first I N MAY two members of the prize to the college Senior class, whose Presbyterian mission in Syenproduction had been a symphony chun, Korea, had it laid on their orchestra performance led by a white- hearts to start a mission down robed angel with a long, slender cross town. A building was rented on for a baton. Under her musical dirce- the opposite side of town from tion the threefold development of the churches, next door to a brothbody, mind and spirit was acted out, el. There is one room about ten one girl doing gymnasium work in by sixteen feet. Every night servuniform, one taking vigorous notes ices have been h.eld in this place. from a dictionary with her head tied As the room is too small for a gatherup with the form of desperation-band- ing, the singing and preaching is first age that a Japanese student uses to done outside as the crowd passes. indicate hard work, and one girl rep- After a season of this, some of the resenting the culture of the devotional workers invite any who are interested life by studying her Bible and some to sit down and hear further, or ask other religious book, while the prac- questions. Two of the missionaries tical spirit of the Student Government work here a good deal of the time and Association was embodied in a fourth the evangelists from the hospital and player, who carried out her symphonic a number of the local church officers. part with a broom and dustpan." The audiences vary from night to night, from a few stray passers-by Statue of Dr. Underwood to one hundred or more and many A BRONZE statue of the late Rev. thoroughly wicked men and women Horace Grant Underwood, D.D., have shown great interest.

LL.D., Presbyterian missionary in Korea for thirty-two years, has been Unusual Korean Audience I erected on the campus of Chosen NA Korean town where Rev. W. F. Bull, of the United Church of Christian College in Seoul, of which he was the founder and first president. Canada, was holding evangelistic meet- At the recent unveiling many tributes ings, the members of a traveling were paid to Dr. Underwood, who be- theatrical company arrived one day, gan his work in Korea in 1885, at pitched their tent and began very vig- twenty-five years of age. orous advertising for, a performance In addition to his evangelistic work, at night. Mr. Bull says: "The Chris- which he conducted with such zeal tians were all greatly distressed- that a Korean has said of him, "He fearing that our tent would be empty indeed lit many fires in cold rooms," and our meetings practically broken Dr. Underwood undertook successfully up by this unlooked-for competition.

the translation of the Scriptures. An At the time for our meeting to begin address made by a Korean at the un- their band was playing down in the veiling ceremony contained the follow- market place and ours was up on the ing sentence: "If the life of Living- hillside at our tent. The crowd of vil- stone is immortalized in a sacre:} lagers streamed up the hill and filled corner of the historic Abbey in Eng- our tent to overflowing, while the show land, we desire to perpetuate the fame people were able to induce only two

people to buy tickets and enter theirs. colony in Culion, Philippine Islands. Finally they called off their perform- In addition to paying a janitor and a ance and all of their troupe came up deaconess who has the special care of and joined the crowd at our meeting. a number of young boys, furnishing This resolved itself into a fine oppor- a simple coffin for each member who tunity of presenting the Gospel tq, a dies and procuring items of special group of hearers that are not often diet for the sick who need such when approachable." it is not supplied by the Government, they send a yearly gift to the Amer- ISLANDS OF THE SEA ican Bible Society which last year amounted to fifty pesos. They sent a Filipino Christian Literature similar gift to the American Mission for Lepers after they had heard of the A MOVEMENT is afoot to organize poor leper outcasts in other lands, and in the Philippines a Christian they were so interested in the letter Literature Society, of which some sent by the acting head of the Union missionaries say: "This is a much- Theological Seminary at Manila askneeded adjunct to the work of evan- ing each congregation to respond with gelical Christianity here. There should an offering to their endowment fund be a centralization of the efforts made that they sent twenty pesos for it, to provide the people with a literature each time regretting that they could which is a clear and adequate inter- not do more. It is also their custom pretation of the Christian faith and not to let a member of the colony leave life. It is planned to survey the field, without a few pesos in his or her finding out what are the existing agen- pocket and offering a special prayer cies for meeting the need of tracts that God will keep them and open the and other literature, the persons who way for them on the outside. are preparing literature, and how all these may be utilized for the advance NORTH AMERICA of the work throughout the Islands." Tours for Reconciliation The demand among the Filipinos for evangelical books is described by UNDER the direction of Rev. Clara member of the Scripture Gift Mis- ence V. Howell, of the Methodist sion, who writes of the Visayan edi- Episcopal Board of Home Missions, tion of a leaflet. "God Hath Spoken," who is convinced that one of the which has been published in over one troubles of our social order is the hundred languages: "Here in Tagbi- fact that different groups do not unlaran we have given out hundreds derstand each other, Methodist pasalready in the hospital dispensary. tors, students and others began in They are much in demand. The fact New York City in 1921 visits to radical that they were printed in London, headquarters, to Chinese communities and have such a strong title, seems to and institutions within the city, and to be in their favor. Most of our Visayan other racial and social groups. Since literature is printed in the Philip- then the idea has been extended to pines, and is much less attractive in include still other groups, so that colappearance. When my daughter goes lege professors, students, and visitors to visit the outside Sunday-schools, from all over the United States have she has to carry quantities of these shared in these trips, which have rewith her; for the Romanists ask for sulted not only in the acquisition of them, and will take nothing else." new ideas, but also in the develop- ment of attitudes of friendship and Generous Filipino Lepers good will between the groups involved. More recently, return visits have been NEW reports have come on a sub- arranged, so that Negro, Oriental, ject which has been mentioned radical groups and others may visit before in the REVIEW; namely, the the institutions which more distinctly generosity, in proportion to their means, of the members of the leper

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

represent the older American groups, Now Jesus has taken possession, and and have a chance to exchange ideas One Star is throwing himself just as with leaders in such institutions. The wholeheartedly into the work of the idea is now spreading to other cities, church as he once did against it, a to which trips have been made. humble learner at the feet of Jesus.

At his suggestion the Indians were in- Methodist Protestant Consolidation vited to a social gathering at the FOLLOWING the policy of consoli- church, to give them a chance to get dation which has been so notice- away from the dance in the camp. He able in various denominations in re- is out every Sunday, and on clear days cent years, the last General Conference he has brought his blind mother, now of the Methodist Protestant Church more than one hundred years old."

formed one Board of Missions com- Canadian Home Missions posed of the Union Board of Foreign Missionary Administration, the Board I N THE United Church of Canada of Home Missions and the Women's there are 1,571 fields on the home Home Missionary Society. The Board mission list, with 4,368 preaching will consist of twenty-one members, places in them. This constitutes about ten men, of whom six are ministers, fifty-six per cent of the preaching ten women, and the president of the points in the whole church. Since the General Conference ex-officio. Thus last General Council meeting in June, two thirds of the Board will be lay 1926, 375 fields have been taken off the list of the aid-receiving charges, members. The two executives will be having reached the status of self-supa corresponding secretary, a man, and port. Rearrangement of fields and an associate corresponding secretary, amalgamations of former competitive a woman. The General Conference home mission charges rendered poswas committed to the unification idea. sible by the union of the churches are Not only were the mission boards responsible for 65 charges reaching merged, but a new Board of Christian self-support during the past year Education was set up to care for the alone, while 32 additional charges work of the Board of Education and have by normal growth and the prosthe Board of Young People's Work. perity of the country also gone off the The two weekly papers, The Methodist Protestant, Baltimore, and The Meth- Home Mission Fund. Within the last odi3t Recordet', Pittsburgh, will be two years 285 new fields have been merged within the quadrennium. opened by the Home Mission Board with an average of between three and "One Star" Follows Jesus four preaching points in each, so that ANOTABLE conversion, that of a the United Church of Canada has oc- Crow Indian named One Star, is cupied new home mission territory in reported by a Baptist missionary in this period at more than 1,000 points Montana, who says: "He is a man past· in Canada. The Board of Home Mis- sixty years of age, a long-haired In sions expends more than $1,125,000 dian, uneducated, neither reading nor annually.

speaking English, yet a leader among his people. Heretofore he had been a Hindu Association in New York S leader toward evil rather than toward PORADIC instances of Moslem and Buddhist missionary effort in good. All these years he has been not merely indifferent to the work of the nominally Christian countries have kingdom, but an active opposer, mak- been reported from time to time. Now ing fun of the Jesus people, deriding Hinduism is seeking converts, for, ac- them for going to church, and even cording to The Alliance Weekty, there coming to the mission chapel with a has been founded in New York City a group of his own kind for the special Hindu religious association, the first purpose of disturbing the meetings. to be formed in the West, under the 5

name of The Hindu Dharma MandaI. Latin America in World Program The announcement reads: "This society shall be called Hindu Dharma THE International Missionary Coun- Mandal, the term 'Hindu' including, cil was reorganized at the Jerubeside orthodox Hindu, Buddhist, salem Conference so as to include Jain, Sikh, Brahma and any other work in Latin America. The omission forms of religion that originated from of this portion of the world field by Hinduism. The objects shall be to the Edinburgh Conference in 1910, further the religious interests and which organized the International cultivate the spiritual ideals of Hindu- Missionary Council, led to the formaism in the West, to bring the beliefs tion of the Committee on Cooperation and practices of Hinduism, in its in Latin America, to promote and broadest conception, before the unify the missionary interests in this Westem public, to encourage and pro- field. The new International Missionmote mutual contact and understand- ary Council of thirty-seven members ing on a spiritual basis, between India from all parts of the world will include and the West, and to meet, in par- three representatives of Latin Amerticular, the spiritual needs of the ica, Prof. Erasmus Braga of Brazil, Hindus residing in the West. The Prof. Andrew Osuna of Mexico, and means to be pursued for carrying out Dr. S. G. Inman, secretary of the Comthe aforesaid objects shall be religious mittee on Cooperation. Two notable services, rites, ceremonies, lectures, conferences have been held under the demonstrations, readings, conversa- auspices of this committee–those at ziones, and other practices of Hindu- Panama and at Montevideo. Another ism." will be held in Havana next year. Its activities also include union semi- LATIN AMERICA naries, union papers and bookstores, a unique union mission board for Reaching Mexican Soldiers Santo Domingo, the preparation of Christian literature, a religious edu- REV. J. T. MOLLOY, D.D., Presby- cation program, and a great campaign terian missionary at Merida, for the support of higher educational Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico, holds institutions, known as "Educational permits from military and civil au- Advance in South America." thorities to hold meetings, or "conferences" as they are called, on Chilean Sunda.y Schoois temperance and ethical subjects, in any place where they have authority. Mrs. REV. GEORGE P. HOWARD,ofthe Molloy wrote recently: "At seven World's Sunday School Associao'clock this morning, he gave a con- tion, reports after a recent visit to ference in the headquarters of the Chile: "I found the work progressing military police, to a large audience. in a most encouraging way. I could He had previously discovered in not help comparing the work as I now Mexico, Oaxaca, and here, that soldiers found it with what it was in 1916, make good listeners, but was im- when I held the first meetings of Sunpressed anew with their interest. At day-school workers in that country. the close, officers and men said it had The Baptists, Presbyterians and Methbeen very helpful and instructive, and odists each have an expert giving his asked him to come again. He said he time and attention to religious educawould come once a month. 'No,' de- tion. The questions propounded and murred the officer in command, 'that the answers given to them in the inis not often enough. We will be glad stitutes I held in Santiago and to have you every week. That will be Valparaiso revealed how far our Protmuch better.' This opens a large door, estant churches have progressed along and we feel an effectual one, for Sunday-school lines in the last ten through these men their families also years. In those early days, the literwill be reached."

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

ature available in Spanish was piti- being opened up into what will be fully scant. Today our workers' known as the Livingstone Gallery, library embraces 8. fine collection of an important section of the Scottish books. In Santiago a Sunday-school National Memorial to David Living- office and headquarters is maintained stone. The regularly-spaced bed re- and annual institutes are held in dif- cesses in the various rooms are being ferent parts with unfailing regu- retained and used to hold a series of larity." eight colored sculptured tableaux il- lustrating the character and work of Blind Brazil'l.n Bible Reader the great missionary explorer. One is called 'Truth,' where he is expound- T HE Evangelical Union of South ing the Gospel; another 'Faith,' in America, with the help of the which he encounters superstition and Braille Missionary Union, started a the witch doctor; 'CQurage,' shows school for the blind in Garanhuns, him unarmed facing hostile natives; Brazil, about nine months ago. The and in the one called 'Mercy,' he is in first student was Andre, who had conflict with the Arab slavers. These been a beggar, and who accepted the tableaux are being presented by var- Gospel as he learned to read. Rev. F. ious bodies with which Livingstone C. Glass says of him: "Weare now was closely associated. Five have alemploying him as a Scripture reader ready been promised, including one by in the big oPen market-place of this King Khama's people in Bechuanacity, and he draws great crowds of land." wondering folk who look and listen in amazement at that unheard-of-thing French Churches in Need -a blind man reading! As he reads through the Gospel of St. John many T HE Central Bureau for Relief of hear those precious words for the first the Evangelical Churches of time, who would never hear them Europe, an organization that has been otherwise. Now and again he rests approved and assisted by the Federal from his reading and gives a few' Council of Churches, and frequently simple words of personal testimony, referred to in the REVIEW, is still apafter which he holds up a gospel and pealing for financial help. Dr. Chaun- cries out: 'A book to open the eyes of cey W. Goodrich of the American the blind; one penny.' A great im- Church, Paris, writes: "Thirteen pression is being made in the market- years 'under the cross'! That sums up place and large numbers of gospels the long story of deprivation and bardare purchased and carried away into ship suffered by the pastors' families all the far surrounding villages." in France. Five years of war, eight years of penury, grinding taxes, star- EUROPE vation wages, constant sacrifice. For gallantry in the face of discourage- Scenes from Livingstone'. Life ment and privation every French,J;>as- tor deserves a D. S. C." Two emer- REFERENCE has been made more gencies have arisen where fundaare than once in the REVIEW, (the most urgently needed to. save from latest in April) to the proposed trans- collapse church buildings which were formation of David Livingstone's in poor condition before the war, and birthplace and the land surrounding repairs to which were postponed from it into a permanent memorial of him. year to year "till better times." Now Plans for the interior of the building actual ruin is imminent, a:r:J.d the betare thus described in The Chronicle, ter times have not yet come. Contripublished by the London Missionary butions to the work of the Bureau Society: "The first floor of the tene- may be sent to Rev. KennethD. Miller, ment at Blantyre, Lanarkshire, in 287 Fou:.:t;h Avenue, N'ElW York City. which David Livingstone was born is

Preaching to Jews in Paris tween Roman Catholicism and "tol- erated" religions. The following REV. E. MEYER spoke at the an- penalties are included in this proposed nual meeting in London of The law: Hebrew Christian Testimony to Israel of his work among Jews in Paris, Those who violently disturb the relimany of whom have come from Po- gious services of the Roman Church are land. The French Jews, he said, are subject to a penalty of from six months almost completely indifferent to re- to six years' imprisonment with a fine ligious things, "but," he continued, from £60 to £200, whereas those who "there are some Jews coming, I am under similar conditions disturb a nonthankful to say, in spite of all the re- Roman Catholic service will be subject sistance, and all the efforts the enemy to imprisonment of from two months and makes to keep them from visiting our a day to six months. . . .Whoever makes meetings. There is also a certain ac- public ridicule of any religion that has tivity to be noticed among the rabbis adherents in Spain will be punished by to try to influence the Jews in a re- a fine of £40 to £200, and anyone conligious direction. They are building victed of making ridiculous the Roman synagogues even in quarters where religion will, in addition to the penalty, very few Jews are living. They have be adjudged prevented from undertaking opened five Talmud schools. They are any educational post paid by public arranging festivities on feast days, funds for a period of from ten to twenty especially oli the Feast of Purim; and years. they are even arranging for meetings for children at the same days and AFRICA hours when we have our children's classes, three times a week. By God's Mahdists Ask to He….. of Jesus grace some, though very few, are awakening to the truth. Some have A REPRESENTATIVE of the repented and accepted the Lord Jesus Church Missionary Society in the Christ as their Saviour." Sudan describes as follows the condi- tions in his field: "It is to be remem- "Tolerated" Religions in Spain bered that the Moslem inhabitants of the Northern Sudan did for thirteen REV. SAMUEL GUY INMAN, of years become followers of the Mahdi, the Committee on Cooperation in whose doctrine and teaching were con- Latin America, who, on his way home demned by orthodox Islam. One of the from the Jerusalem Conference, spent tenets of Mahdism is the e~pectation ten days in Madrid in conferences and of the coming of 'Nebi Yisa' (the lectures, under the auspices of the Prophet Jesus). Mahdism is still a Institute of International Studies of power among the bulk of the Sudanese. the University of Madrid and the They are willing to listen at any time Union Ibero-Americana, calls Spain to the teaching about Nebi Yisa. under Primo de Rivera "probably the Evangelistic effort on a small scale, most fanatical country in the world." by lantern lectures and evangelistic One illustration of this statement is meetings in compounds, always meets the imprisonment of Carmen Padin with a ready response. When the late because, as told in the June REVIEW, Canon Gairdner and Dr. Zwemer she stated in private that she believed visited the Sudan, they were invited that Mary had other children beside by the Sudanese notables themselves Jesus. Further light is thrown on to address them on the subject of Nebi conditions in Spain by an article in Yisa. There is no doubt that these Evangelical Christendom.., which shows thinking people connect the teaching how the changes in the penal code of the Mahdi about the Nebi Yise recommended by the Directory to the with the religion of the English people National -Assembly differentiate be- who are now administering the coun- try with such success. God seems to have used the very restrictions im- posed on Christian missions to increase the curiosity and enquiries of the people of Sudan."

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK '157

The Nile MUsion Press regard to the development of the AT THE annual meeting of this church, the Bishop writes: world-famous institution, the sec- The Church in Uganda has taken root retary, John L. Oliver, gave some in the life and in the souls of the people. striking facts about its work: The It is their own church, not a foreign Nile Mission Press now has nine general agencies, all of them in central exotic. And because it is their own positions, each representing a whole church they have supported it, defended country, such as Morocco, Tunisia, Iraq, and in addition there are twelve it, given themselves to its service, with local agencies for the sale of books. The separate pUblications of the Press a devotion and an enthusiasm which no have now reached 620. At the outbreak foreign organization, however efficient, of the World War, the Press had only 140 books on its list. By the end of however beneficent, could have evoked. the War, in spite of all the difficulties They have learnt to rely on themselves, to think out their own problems. Native leadership has been developed, native in- itiative encouraged. The Church in Uganda is in every way stronger and more reliable because the mission had the sense and the courage to hand over re- sponsibility at the right time.

regarding paper and so forth, the num- A Christian Blood Covenant ber was doubled. By June of 1926 the figure 570 was reached, and now it is T HIS striking illustration of the 620. The full message of the Gospel light thrown on Christian truth by was put into tbese publications. Last the interpretations of men of many year two dozen new publications in races is given by Henry C. McDowell, Arabic were produced, as well as five a representative in Angola, West in European languages for the purpose Africa, of the colored Congregational of clearing-that is to say, to serve churches in America: "In the course as manuals for translators into the of a conversation about the Holy Comvarious languages in Moslem Asia, munion with one of the charter memwhen the translators themselves do bers of the church, he said: not know Arabic. During the old days we made lots of the blood covenant. Very often a young man, while'in the initiation camps, would Growth of Church in Uganda covenant with another, or certain ones starting on their first journey would THE Uganda Mission of the Church Missionary Society celebrated last covenant with each other. They would year, it will be remembered, the jubilee of its founding in 1877. A recent take a little of each one's blood, mix the article in The Church Overseas de- two, and tie a cloth stained, with the mixed blood on the spot where the blood was drawn. Very often, after having been separated for a long time, they scribes present conditions in the Mis- would renew the covenant. On 'a long sion. The higher training of teachers journey the one must befriend the other, is felt to be a matter of first importance. The Bishop Tucker Memorial corne what might. If a wild animal at- tacks one, the other cannot leave him behind; if one dies, the other must die.

College has accommodation for eighty In the Holy Communion I renew my blood men, half of whom should be takIng normal training, and the tendency for covenant with Christ. I partake of His teachers to be content with a lower standard of training, such as can be blood, as of the blood of a friend. I obtained locally, is to be regretted. If the training of men teachers presents cannot leave Him after having drunk His blood, and I am crucified with Him in the sense that, having· taken the covenant, I must give my life for the same things that He gave His life for. I cannot leave Him and He cannot leave me.

difficulties, the problem of training women teachers is incomparably hard- Baptist Congo Jubilee D er. The Church in Uganda has 40,- URING the summer the English Baptist Missionary Society held 000 communicants, and the number of baptisms last year was 11,700. There a well-attended exhibition in London are sixty-nine African clergy. With to commemorate the fiftieth anniver-

sary of the founding of its Congo when it was expedient for them to be- Mission. The Christian (London) come Mohammedans. It is quite poscomments: "The pioneers pressed for- sible that the time may come when ward into the virgin forest among it will be expedient for them to behostile tribes, facing the danger of come Christians." It is rumored that wild beasts and enduring the ravages Kemal Pasha has said that he did not of disease-all in the confidence that care if everyone in Turkey became a they were fulfilling the divine will as Protestant. The Turks are said to be they sought to convey to the heathen drawing a distinction between "Chrispopulation of unknown Africa the tian" and "Protestant." Gospel of Christ's redemption. One after another of them fell victims to Changes in the Near East diseases, and passed away. But those who remained still pressed forward, AMONG the many newspaper rereinforced by kindred souls from the ports describing the Westernizing homeland. And their sacrifice, their of Turkey the most recent is the follabor, their witness, their death-these lowing: "New Turkey has decided to have not been in vain. To-day, there scrap all the old official titles left over are 893 stations, sub-stations and from the old regime beginning with places regularly visited; 11,739 the highest military title 'Pasha' which church members; 1,183 native work- henceforth will be 'General.' President ers; and 30,967 scholars under the in- Mustapha Kemal's name will thus be fluence and care o{the Society's repre- Westernized to General Ghazi Mustasentatives. To-day, there are hos- pha Kemal instead of the old form pitals, doctors and nurses, and to-day, Mustapha Kemal Pasha." A few days there is a fine literature available for earlier the Associated Press reported the natives in their own tongue." that, following Turkey's example in the emancipation of women, the Su- THE NEAR EAST preme Moslem Synod of Bosnia had decided to abolish the feminine veil, Religious Outlook in Turkey and said "At further sittings, the Synod will consider the movement in H OW can the Turks be won to favor of monogamy for both sexes Christ? A missionary of great in line with her sister Moslem states experience replies, "By the power of of Albania and Turkey." the Spirit and the frankly direct methods." The Turk has been a The city of Urumia has been remaster and his better nature is ap- named by that interesting person, the pealed to by the direct attitude. He present Shah, Mirza Reza Pahlevi, and has had much experience with indirec- will be known henceforth as Rezayeh. tion and subterfuge and is not appealed to by these. If there ever was Bible Lands Sunday-Schools a time when the Incarnation needed to be repeated, that is, lived in other MANY evidences are reported from lives, it is now. A Turkish-student churches and missions in Bible said to a missionary, "None of us are lands of an increasing appreciation happy, we have no ideal in life. How of the importance of Sunday-school did you go about it to get an ideal in work an<l a growing discontent with life 7" Such men constitute -a most inefficient and casual methods. Spehopeful field for Christian workers. cial attention was given by the Bible Lands' Sunday School Union to the A cabinet minister in Turkey' is re- preparation of their -exhibit for the ported on good authority to have said recent convention of the World's Sun- day School Association in Los Angeles. recently .to a member of a: leading This included photographs of schools; classes, departments, groups of older embassy: ."The Turks were originally sun-worshippers. Then came a time

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

students who are conducting pioneer bring that country in line with Wesvillage schools, work done by children tern ways. Significant was a message in the kindergarten and primary de- to the New York Times on June 15th, partments, daily vacation Bible to the effect that mosques are to be schools, voluntary Bible study groups, remodeled, seats put in, and music -and young people's societies. In addi- used in worship. What an undertaktion there was a map showing Iraq, ing it would be, however, to change Syria, Palestine, and Transjordania the habits of a people is evident from on which was marked every Sunday- the following quotation from a Turkschool in these countries. A special ish newspaper, Resimli: sign indicated registered Sundayschools, and anotber showed where There are 360 mosques in Constandaily vacation Bible schools have been tinople. During the whole season of held. Ramadan these mosques continue their activities uninterruptedly. The number Moslem. Converts in Syria in attendance at these 360 mosques dur- ing the feast days of Ramadan has been AMONG the many encouragements about 100,000. Constantinople has about 800,000 inhabitants, and an important ft that are coming to the members fraction of these are Christians and chil- dren, therefore attendance at mosque of the American Presbyterian Mission during Ramadan has been considerable. in Syria, Rev. James H. Nicol reports This fact shows us that the people have the following: "Three Moslems have not grown less religious, but on the conasked Mr. Alter why he is not more trary they have become more religious. active in teaching Christianity to The same has been true throughout our Moslems. One of the three question- country. With the exception of a few ers is now ready for baptism, a sec- radicals, it has been seen that people atond needs to have only a little more tend mosque regularly in all parts of instruction, and the third has said he Turkey. would become a Christian if the way were open. In ancient Tyre, a young Many Bibles Sold in Turkey Shiite Moslem was baptized, and has been joyfully testifying for Christ T HE American Bible Society anduring the year, bringing others to nounces that "a cheerful note perthe services. One of the Syrian vades the reports" from its two preachers in Sidon station was asked agencies in the Near East. The disto preach in Greek Orthodox churches, tribution of volumes of the Scripture and was besought by a group of one in the Levant and Arabic-Levant hundred Moslems to instruct them in Agencies during 1927 rose to a total 'spiritual things.' A Moslem convert of 224,501 volumes, over against the in Damascus has been able to remain 176,072 reported the previous year. and actually to take up the work of In Turkey, advertising in the news- Bible distribution in the market of papers continues to open doors. One his own city. On the other hand, a progressive newsdealer in A dan a Moslem family which became Chris- sought and took up the agency for tian in Damascus two or three years selling Bibles. When challenged by ago had to flee because of social perse- the gendarme he refused to be incution and are now members of .the timidated, and demanded to be brought church in Zahleh, where the father is before the commandant, to whom he carrying on his work as a cabinet exhibited the advertisements in the maker." Turkish papers. He was set free, with the remark, "I guess you're all right, Mosques in the New Turkey son. Sell all you like." Agencies for selling the Scriptures have been REPORTS have been coming from opened in five bookshops of Constan- Turkey in quick succession of the tinople, five in Smyrna, two in Angora, steps being taken by Kemal Pasha to and one each in Nazili and Ak-Hissar. The shop in Angora exhausted its sup- ply and has had a second stock.

Christ Influenees Arab Boys repeated dozens of times, with full ex- T HE boys in the high school con- planation and homely illustration. ducted at Basrah, Arabia, by mis- Once understood, he loves to repeat the sionaries of the Reformed Church in words and hear them repeated. America receive iIstruction in the Repetition may not be a virtue in the Bible every day. Rev. John Van Ess, American pulpit, but here in Arabiit'

D.D., writes: "That Christ is enter- it is not only a virtue but a necessity."

ing into their thoughts is evidenced particularly at the meetings of the INDIA AND SIAM Arabic literary society when His Caste in Present-Da.y India words are quoted and His example adduced in many a speech and essay." T HE influence of modern thought on the ancient caste system of Of one student recently baptized India is strikingly illustrated in two another missionary says: recent news items. First, The Indian Witness reports that in the presence His growth in knowledge and in grace of three hundred persons, described have been a delight to us all, and his as the elite of the Hindu residents courage and zeal in witnessing to his of Simla, the summer capital, a Moslem friends have been most admir- girl belonging to one of the depressed able. He was baptized in the presence classes was married in May to a highof about thirty people, most of whom caste Hindu by Vedic rites.' "That were schoolboys and present by the such a marriage could take place anyspecial invitation of Abdul Fadi himself. where in India under Hindu auspices, His parents, live in Baghdad and are solemnized by a Brahmin priest, withnaturally much displeased with the step out public opposition and with the imhe has taken. But he is radiantly happy plied approval of leaders of Hindu and a joy to us all. It is his ambition society, is," says the editor, "another and our hope that he may be trained as welcome evidence that India is beginan evangelist. We believe he is only the ning to forsake ancient social prejufirst one of a number of schoolboys who dices." are standing on the brink of decision: The very fact that his baptism caused A different side of the picture is not a ripple in the school, as far as stirring up opposition is concerned, leads us to the conviction that the leaven is working more effectively than we realize. We thank God and take courage.

seen in the story, told in The Church Evangelistic Work in Arabia Overseas, of the murder near Delhi REV. G. D. V AN PEURSEM, of the of Ramsarup, a Brahmin who annoyed Arabian Mission of the Reformed the orthodox Hindus of his village by Church in America, writes: "The attempting to raise the Chamars, and evangelist in our field seeks methods other members of the depressed by which the story of the Christ can classes, whom he allowed to wait on make its own indelible impression on him, fetch his water, and cut his vege- the mind. A true picture of Christ tables. When the Chamars complained will make a man think even if it does to him that their offerings had been not transform him. To this end spe- refused by the Brahmins at the vil- cial passages from the Gospel are lage temple, he advised them to build chosen, some which strike at the root their own temple and assisted them to of the man's need and the way of sal- do so. Legal proceedings followed, and vation. For myself I have found the later on Ramsarup was attacked by text 'Thou shalt call His name Jesus, eight other high-caste Hindus, who for He shall save His people from were subsequently sentenced to trans- their sins' most effective. Other mis- portation for life. Before this attack sionaries have other favorite passages, Ramsarup had had to separate from but all aim to represent Christ as his father and other relatives, who meeting the sinner's need. The il- had quarrelled with him owing to his literate Arab must have these passages behavior towards the Chamars.

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

District Workers Confer have never read anywhere. We have REV. C. H. LOEHDLIN, district never found anything like them in superintendent of the Punjab our religious books.' So through this Mission of the Presbyterian Church, man's enthusiasm we sold two New (U. S. A.) writes from Moga of a Testaments and a number of gospels district missionaries' conference held in that village even though only a few in the spring, which was attended by people could read."

about twenty-five missionaries representing four missions working in the Lutheran Unity in India T Punjab. "Village registers; meltts HE Federation of L u the ran Churches in India, organized in Deand jalsas (Hindu and Moslem gatherings); the training of elders and cember, 1926, brings together for co- chandhris; how to meet the opposing operative purposes a dozen Lutheran movements of the Arya Samaj, the mission churches of all nationalities Roman Catholics, the Seventh Day with a strength of over 300,000 Indian Adventists, the Chuhras, and the Christians. The church of the -Goss- Ahmadiya Mohammedans; the de- ner Lutheran Missionary Society of velopment of the congregation; lay Germany now numbers 115,000, and evangelism; village economics; and the United Lutheran Church mission industrial training were the subjects 130,000. "The Federation," says Rev. presented for discussion, and all Isaac Cannaday, "has hopes of bringwho attended were cIJl)scious of the ing all these groups into a closer felstimulation and clarification that ac- lowship, and placing the future of company the sharing of common Lutheranism in India on a firm founproblems and experiences. As it was dation. The establishment of a colgenerally felt that such conferences lege and a theological seminary to would be profitable every two or three serve all these groups has been disyears, a continuation committee was cussed, but neither is in the very near appointed to set on foot plans for an- future. The United Lutheran Church other district conference, in which it college at Guntur will serve the foris hoped that district ladies, and mer purpose to a degree, but the sem- Indian assistants also will participate." inary project has been abandoned for the present. The monthly public:.ation Gospel Story Charms Brahmins of The Gospel Witness is the one prac- tical thing which these churches are REV. ROY T. MEEKER, who went doing in common. It is bringing the in 1918 to Fatehpur, in the North Lutherans in India to a better under- India Mission of the Presbyterian standing of each other's work, and Church (U. S. A.), writes of one vil- through the news supplied by the Na- lage where he talked for some time tional Lutheran Council News Bulle- with a group of high-caste men, and tin, to a knowledge of Lutheran one old Brahmin who seemed especially activities throughout the world."

interested bought a New Testament.

Mr. Meeker continues: "Two days Chinese Christian in Burma K later, approaching a village near this IU MA, a Chinese trader, lived for several years in a district .one, we were greeted by a Brahmin who said he wanted to see some more where his was the only Christian fam- of our books like the one he had seen ily. One day, however, he met a Ka- in the other village. 'For,' said he, ren Christian missionary, whom he 'my friend over in that village bought begged to stay and teach the people.

a book from you and that evening I He gave him hospitality, and finally called on him and we sat together settled him in a neighboring village reading about Jesus until one a. m. where there seemed a little more hope Such wonderful truths and stories we of response. For seven years the

Chinese trader and the Karen deacon work, silently permeating the whole worked together, planning, praying, population." encouraging one another in times when all their efforts seemed futile, Ahmadiya Missions in Ja.va but without much result. They were content to work and witness. "But T HE activity of this Moslem sect in within the past year," says the Eng- sending missionaries to both English paper, The Mission Field, "a great land and the United States has been change has taken place. A church reported in the REVIEW. Now Profesand school have arisen. A small Chris- sor A. J. Barnouw writes to the tian community is springing up. In Netherland-American Foundation that places the prejudice against Chris- he was introduced to an Ahmadiya tians is breaking down. Most of the representative by a Protestant misvillagers may never abandon their old sionary in Java. Be says: "My new ways, but there is great hope that acquaintance spoke fairly good Engtheir children and their children's lish, which made our conversation children will follow the way the trader easy and instructive. What had showed them by his brave, patient brought him to Java, I asked. His and consistent witness to the Chris- superiors at Lahore had sent him, he tian faith." said, to stem the swelling tide (this with an amiable smile at my com- Christian Colony to PI….t Rubber panion) of Christianity, Java being the only Mohammedan country in the ACHINESE Christian of the second world where the Christian mission generation-a graduate of two had achieved some success. He also American schools-has gone back to hoped to rescue the Javanese from the the Orient (in his case to the Malay hold theosophy had upon them. 'We Peninsula) determined that his busi- do not meddle with politics,' h~ ness career shall not interfere with said, 'we only bring a message his Christian service. Mrs. Charles of love and brotherhood and uni- E. Eckels of Sritamarat, Siam, writes versal freedom.' So he did not that this young man's father helped approve of the doctrine of the to found a Christian colony in the Holy War? He grew indignant at the Federated Malay States about twenty question and vigorously denied the years ago. The Government encour- existence of such a doctrine. That was aged the settlers to plant rubber trees a fiction of Christian missionaries. by giving them a few cents for each 'And what will be woman's position in tree planted. Ten or. fifteen acres of that new world set free by the Ahmaland were allotted each family. Re- diya?' 'Woman,' was the reply, 'must cent high prices of rubber have given remain subordinate for morality's each family a good income, and there sake, for her modesty is a more preis a very strong and prosperous Chris- cious thing than freedom.''' tian community, with ten lower schools, a church and a high school. CHINA AND TIBET This young man has now started a similar Christian settlement in Siam Demand for Religious Liberty near Singora. The Siam Government has given the group all the land they DR. JOHN H. REISNER, Dean of want to develop, and they are also Nanking University, writes: starting rubber plantations. "Most of "The Christian community in Nanking his people are young men from the has been very greatly influenced and first settlement, I think," writes Mrs. helped by the presence in Nanking Eckels. "It is very like the little during the past months of General leaven hidden in the meal. All over Chang Tsi-chiang, one of General this country Christian influence is at Feng's personal representatives to the Nanking government. He is a most

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

interesting character and it gives one necessity of holding together and maktremendous satisfaction to see him ing a continuous and consistent Chris- tian witness; and in certain cases the stand up so boldly for his Christian maintenance of church services in principles and the rights of religious spite of great difficulties. The fellow- ship maintained between missionaries liberty. It is reported that he has de- and Chinese at a time of international livered some very strong Christian strain has been a marked feature in speeches on various occasions before the case of some of the churches." the Military Council in Nanking." General Chang, who is a member of DR. New Ohinese Universities T. Z. KOO, general secretary the Central Government, and General of the Y. M. C. A. in China, and Niu Yung-chien, chairman of the widely known in the United States, Kiangsu Provincial Government, sub- writes of a recent visit he made to mitted to one of the government com- colleges and universities in North China. He tells in this report of two mittees an appeal for religious liberty, new universities in the process of forand a proclamation was later issued by mation in' that land: "In Moukden, the only student meetings held in the Executive Committee reaffirming schools were at the Tung Pei Unithis principle. The generals' docu- versity (government) and the Medical ment read in part: College (Christian). Tung Pei is a newly founded university and is the Since the .Communists began their only government institution of higher propaganda in China and made trouble learning in the Three Eastern Provfor the Chinese Government, birth has inces (Manchuria). My visit to this been given to slogans 'to overthrow cer- university reminded me of a visit tain religions and particularly Christi- made a little over a year ago to Yunanity. We know that Christianity is nanfu where I saw another university "protestant," a reformed religion, which in the process of development. These is entirely different from the Greek two new universities are situated at Church in Russia. This religion includes the opposite ends of China, one at the revolutionary ideas. Furthermore it puts extreme northeast and the other at particular strE!ss on the salvation of the the extreme southwest of our country. lower classes of people in the midst of This quiet permeation of the country sufferings. It has no real connection by education is one of the constructive with imperialism. The Communists are things happening in China which esnot unaware of these facts, but they are capes the attention of the casual obopposed to Christianity because the Chris- server. Yet, surely, the future of tian religion aims at reforming the inner China is in these institutions." life, which aim is entirely contradictory to their purpose–to destroy all existing Yale-in-China to Reopen moral values. THIS well-known institution in Vhinese Vhureh's Opportunity Changsha, more familiar per- haps under its Chinese name, DR. HENRY T. HODGKIN, secre- Yali, was closed, with the ex- tary of the National Christian ception of the hospital department, Council of China, has recently visited in the spring of 1927, during the Central China, and in a report letter revolutionary trouble in Hunan. Its buildings have been kept practically in which he discusses some of the dif- intact by the Chinese. It is now anficult problems which the Council is nounced that it is to be reopened this facing he also says: "There are more people than ever eager to buy our literature and to hear our message. I believe we are at the begining of a day of new opportunity in Central China. . . . . One of the most helpful signs is the development of a deeper fellowship with the Christian group. This is evidenced by cases where questions requiring discipline have been discussed with a freedom that was previously impossible; by a senSe of the

fall. Kenneth Anthony (Yale 1928) convention of the Association, more left on July 7th for Changsha, where than 6,000 delegates being present.

he will be associated with Francis S. The plan of reorganization proposed Hutchins, son of the President of at the Glasgow convention in 1924 Berea College, Kentucky, who is al- was adopted, and the Association will ready in China and will head up the function in future as a federation of work. These two young men will be the Sunday-school associations of the the only Americans to guide the entire various nations, instead of one cen- Chinese staff at Yali. Mr. Anthony is a trally directed organization. The member of Phi Beta Kappa, was vice- international character of the Associa- president of Dwight Hall (the Yale tion was emphasized in the fact that Y. M. C. A.) and president of the In- fifteen nations are represented among tercollegiate Missionary Union. the twelve newly-elected vice presi- dents and on the Executive Commit- "Pilgrim'. Progress" in Tibetan tee. Dr. W. A. Poole of London, retir- THIS autumn, when the tercente- ing President of the Association, re- nary of the birth of John Bunyan echoed the sentiments expressed by will be widely celebrated, the Religious other speakers and sounded the key- Tract Society of Great Britain is to note of the convention when he publish a Tibetan translation of Bun- declared: yan's masterpiece, which has already If we are really sincere when we pray been translated into many more lan- "Thy kingdom come" we must teach the childhood of the world that friendships guages than any other book in the are better national protection than battleworld except the Bible. The transla- ships, that ballots are more effective tion is the work of Rev. Evan Mac- than bullets, and that law is more final kenzie, who gave thirty-three years than war.

of service to the Tibetan Pioneer Mis- The Church and the Calendar sion, and who is now living in Scotland. The volume will be illustrated T HE movement to simplify the calwith pictures drawn by an artist with endar, stabilizing Easter and other Indian experience, and, therefore, church days and equalizing the calculated to make appeal to the Ori- months, has been making substantial ental mind. Mr. Mackenzie has been headway. On September 30, 1927, the greatly encouraged in his task by re- League of Nations informed the Govceiving an order for two hundred ernment of the United States that it copies of the book, from his old sta- had invited all the governments of the tion, the Church of Scotland Mission world to give its committee "all inat Kalimpong. The Christian (Lon- formation of value" bearing on the simplified calendar proposal, and par- don) states that Mr. Mackenzie can ticularly requested that a national preach in four Oriental languages, and committee be formed "to study this has spent much time in the work of reform." Such a committee has now Bible translation and revision. been formed, with Mr. George East- GENERAL man as chairman. The proposed simplified calendar World's S. S. Convention consists of a thirteen-month year, ONE of the striking features of the each month having twenty-eight days, quadrennial convention of the each day of the week always falling World's Sunday School Associa- on the same date. A new month tion, held in Los Angeles, Calif., "Sol" would follow June; the 365th July 11th to 18th, was the repe- day would be December 29th, to be tition of the Lord's Prayer in called "Year-Day." "Leap-Day" would more than thirty different lan- come once in four years on June 29th.

guages. The attendance was very Easter would fall every year on April much larger than at any preceding 8th.

WOIUH

Any books menti07led in these colum718 will be forwarded by us on receipt of price.-THE REvIEw.

Attitudes Toward Other Faiths. Daniel J. moral conduct which are inculcated by Fleming. 166 pp. $1.75. New York. Confucianism; the disinterested pur- 1928. suit of truth and of human welfare which are often found in those who This is a timely work on an im- stand for secular civilization." Dr. portant topic. The various peoples and Fleming's book, which almost synchroreligions of the world are daily com- nises with the above-mentioned state- ment, is marked by the same spirit of ing into closer contact with one an- discriminative appreciation, and will certainly be very helpful to many. It other. The question is as to the right deals with seven realms of contact: the possibility and limits of comattitude, the Christlike attitude, to- mon worship; the use of other sacred Scriptures; interconfessional ward other religions and their ad- courtesies and hospitality; material contributions between religionists, enherents. This is a question that riching another faith; interreligious cooperation in counsel, and interrelicannot be avoided. The problem is gious cooperation in service.

beset with perils. On the one hand Dr. Fleming from his years of mis- sionary service in India is acquainted there is the danger of an undiscrimi- with Hinduism. The sound criticism which he makes against that great nating liberality, which overlooks system is that "its synthetic spirit and comprehensive charity has been vital differences, and the danger, on indiscriminating," and he adds: "The lesson I gain from Hinduism is that the other, of a hidebound narrowness, it would be better for Christianity to shun all influence of other systems which is unable to see evidences of rather than exercise a weak or senti- mental or undiscriminating hospitality the working of the Spirit of God, to other faiths, however genuinely held." when they ought to be seen and The supreme asset of Christianity acknowledged with thanksgiving. The and the supreme need of the world is Jesus Christ; and so those who can statement in the Christian Message most helpfully and safely fraternize with the adherents of other religions which has gone forth to the world are those who are filled with the Spirit of Christ and mature Christian experifrom the Jerusalem Meeting contains ence. Dr. Fleming in his last chapter on some fundamental positions reaches the following splendid utterance on a very high level of insight and aspira- tion. Sadhu Sundar Singh was asked the appreciation of the aspects of truth in other religions :-"We wel- come every noble quality in non-Chris- tian persons or systems as further proof that the Father, who sent His Son into the world, has nowhere left Himself without witness. . We recognize as part of the one Truth that sense of the majesty of God, and the consequent reverence in worship which are conspicious in Islam; the deep sympathy for the world's sor- row and unselfish search for the way of escape, which are at the heart of Buddhism, the desire for contact with Ultimate Reality conceived as spirit- ual which is prominent in Hinduism; the belief in a moral order of the uni- verse and consequent insistence on '165

by the pundits of Benares what great written by a young Chinese and al- truth or profound philosophy he had ways ringing true to a patriotic found in Christianity that made him devotion to his native country, he leave his old religion. His answer nevertheless is more free from cap- was, "I found Jesus Christ." Dr. tious criticism than an American Fleming after quoting this adds, "We author usually displays toward lands do earnestly desire to share with our that have opposed or wronged the brethren everywhere that knowledge United States. He introduces certain incidents not generally known here, of Him and of His Spirit which we that make China's bitterness toward believe to be God's unspeakable gift." Occidental Governments, and Japan In like manner the invitation that has especially, seem more natural and exgone forth from the Jerusalem Meet- cusable. From his chapter on "Chiing is that "the followers of non- nese Nationalism" we get an apologia Christian religions join with us in the for that spirit, though he does not study of Jesus Christ."-H. D. GRIS- argue for the position of Nationalism as a party. In a single quotation from WOLD.

China and World Peace. Studies in Chi- Karakhan it is easy to see why Russia had so strong a hold upon Chinese nese International Relations. By students in the early period of her Mingchien Joshua Bau, Ph.D. Pp. 194. influence over China. "The New New York. $2. 1928.

The author was invited to partici- British Policy in China" does not seem pate in the sessions of the Institute of as strong or clear as he might have Pacific Relations at Honolulu in 1927. made Chapter IV. "Tariff Autonomy"

As a result he reviews the China situ- is discussed with a greater reference ation and says: "The purpose of this to authorities than any other topic; work is to review the main factors in though his chapter on "Extraterri- the area of Chinese international pol- toriality" is almost as well buttressed itics since the Washington Conference, by documents. On the whole it is a to treat of the leading issues involved good book of reference of the briefer in the situation, and to point out a sort, and gives us a hint as to what a way for the readjustment of China's Chinese Professor of Political Science foreign relations, with a view to is teaching his students in the Peking hastening China's entrance into the National University.

family of nations as a full equal, H. P. BEACH.

averting any unnecessary conflict of Camp Fires in the Congo. Mrs. John M. Springer. Illus. 12 mo. 128 pp. Camideas, policies and forces, thereby in a bride, Mass. 1928. small way promoting world peace….. This work, as its nature and purpose Juniors will enjoy this picture of require, deals only with the external or international problems of the Wash- Central Africa and its peoples, for the ington Conference. It does not at all volume is the product of over half cover internal or domestic problems" a century of missionary experience in though he grants that the latter "are Rhodesia and the Belgian Congo. Mrs.

by far the more vital and important." Springer describes many native char- While this volume does not show acteristics and customs, life in the anything like the thoroughness seen huts and the kraals, thrilling experi- in Dr. Bau's "Foreign Relations of ences with wild beasts, native palavers China," yet he writes far more con- and the African reception of the mis- cisely and without the laborious docu- sionary, and the Gospel. Mrs. Springer mentation of that volume. His "loves the trail" in spite of privations authorities are given in part at the and hardships, dirt and degradation, close of each chapter and in the sixty- because she loves the Lord whose mes- six pages of "Related International senger she is. The book is worth Documents" at the close. Though reading-not only for juniors but for

BOOKS WORTH READING

adults. Here we learn why African manifestly European types. The bedboys come to the mission school; how time stories of old Emi may well pass they drive away tig-ers; what Africans for actual chapters from the dark eat and how they play; native customs days of earlier Papuan history. At in connection with funerals and wed- some points the diologue is unduly dings; how fetishes are made and expanded and cumbered with detail, used; how rubber is cultivated and but there is an intimation that this is marketed; African diseases and how a native characteristic. they are combated. We also become acquainted with great missionaries, The story is interesting throughlearn how they carryon the work and out and the reader closes the book see some of the astounding results. with an unusual sense of acquaintance Each chapter is well illustrated and with this promising field of effort and suggests attractive ways of using the with these simple-hearted and menmaterial with junior boys and girls. tally alert people of the South Seas. The book makes Africa live. The missionary objective is by no means obscured and the closing chap- Way Back in Papua. J. H. Holmes. 320 ter contains a powerful appeal for more sympathetic interest in the phys- pp. lOs. 6d. London. 1927. ical and material well-being of these backward races as well as in their This is a new type of book on mis- spiritual development. It is a narrasions and among the most striking tive that is calculated to impress those' since Dan Crawford's "Thinking who question the practical value of Black." Instead of the usual geo- missionary effort. It will also interest graphical, ethnological and historical and awaken young people. treatise we have a fascinating story of Papuan life; a story of many dra- HUGH R. MONRO. matic situations and stirring episodes. Three generations file across the Sir James Ewing. A biography. Robert scene: first, the head-hunting canni- E. Speer. 307 pp. $2.75. New York. bals of a half-century ago; then the 1928. transition period wherein this remarkable brown people are opening their The late Sir James Ewing, more eyes to the inventions and ideas of familiarly known as Dr. J. C. R. Ewthe white man; finally the native ing, who was for forty-three years a Christian community, to which they missionary in India, had close conapply the good scriptural term "Eka- tacts with many classes and types of lesia." The twelve or more leading people. As professor in the Theologicharacters of the story are native and cal Seminary, Saharanpur, he taught British, heathen and Christian; and many Indian ministers. For thirty the portrayal shows such intimate years, as President of the Forman knowledge of native habits and cus- Christian College, Lahore, he knew toms and is worked by such literary personally a multitude of students. skill, that the reader becomes all but a For six or seven years he was Vicelistener to the table-talk in successive Chancellor of the Punjab University, Papuan cabins and is a witness to the and was recognized as a great missionstruggle between primitive stone-age ary educator, classed with Dr. Miller customs and the new ways of the of Madras and Dr. MacKichan of Bomwhite civilization. bay. As Moderator in 1915 of the General Assembly of the Presbyterian One rather suspects that some of Church in India he was honored as a the characters in this story are more churchman. His services to the Govthan creations of the author's literary ernment of India were sO conspicuous fancy; Betsiana, Omora and Ani that he received distinction after disobviously belong to the native pic- tinction, culminating in that of honorture, while Ronolo, the Bisopa (mis- ary knighthood. At retirement from sionary) and Daketa (Doctor) are as missionary service in 1922 he received

what he regarded as his crowning China and Japan; the Brahmans of honor, being elected President of the India; and the Moslems of Turkey, Presbyterian Board of Foreign Mis- Persia and Egypt, are a mine of valu- sions of the Presbyterian Church, able information. But perhaps our U. S.A. chief interest will be in the chapters The fascinating story of this "rug- dealing with its use in the Christian ged and virile personality" has been Church. Here we read of the varieset forth by Dr. Speer with literary ties of rosary used in the different skill and with real sympathy and insight. It is a great biography of a Eastern Communions and of the eargreat man. What finer service could America have rendered to India than liest Christian practice of the rosary the gift of such a man as James Ewing,'who for over forty years loved at Rome and in England. and served the people of India, and because he loved them and knew their The book closes with a chapter on need, preached Christ as able to meet all their need? The reading of this "The Psychology of the Rosary," in notable biography ought to clarify the missionary motive and reveal the which the author, s.tarting from a simple grandeur of such a life as that of Dr. Ewing.· His name will long premise that the rosary is the symbol remain as a "household word" in many an Indian home, Christian and non- of personal religion throughout the Christian. civilized world, gives many pages on his estimate of its real worth as an aid to devotion, and finally why it does not appeal to those who hold the evan- gelical view of prayer. It is a book worth reading by those interested in the rosary as a work of art, and much more so by those who still are asking, "Lord, teach us to pray." J. C.

The Forman Christian College, La- Speaking with Other Tongues, Sign or Gift! Whicht T. J. McCrossan. 53 hore, is the educational monument to pp. 35 cents. New York. 1927.

Dr. Ewing. Its foundations were laid The author opens with the state- ment that: "Today hundreds of God's by Dr. Forman and Rev. W. H. C. saints really speak with other tongues when baptized or filled with the Holy Velte, but Dr. Ewing was the first Ghost, just as the hundred and twenty Galilreans spake on the day of Pentepresident of the institution, from 1888 cost." He proceeds to give incidents of people speaking in Chinese, Norto 1918. His true monument, how- wegian and French and is sure that ever, "more lasting than brass" is the contribution he made, through ex- ample and word, to the creation in In- dia of Christian manhood and woman- hood. H. D. GRISWOLD.

The Rosary. A Study in the Prayer Life the people who spake in these tongues of Nations. Cornelius Howard Patton. had no knowledge of the language in 160 pp. New York. Illustrated, which the man or woman spake. $1.50. 1927. The next step is a consideration of One interested in the sources of re- the question, "Will all who are filled ligion and who recognizes that we are with the Holy Spirit speak with other living in a praying world, will value tongues?" The author holds that it this little book. It shows how, in does not necessarily follow. Next he many widely separated countries and proceeds to examine every passage in throughout many centuries, the "ro- the New Testament where this manisary" has been a help in man's com- festation of the Spirit's presence is munion with God. mentioned and concludes that the Bible We are taken back to the monu- does not teach that speaking with ments of Nineveh and to the Zoroas- other tongues will necessarily follow trians of Persia to show the antiquity of the rosary. Chapters on its origin the baptism with the Holy Spirit and and use among the Buddhists of Tibet, that there may be a counterfeit of the real gift. M. T. SHELFORD.