The Missionary Review of the World — September 1935

1935

The Only Christian College in Iran Samuel M. Jordan Islam's Debt to the Bible Samuel M. Zwemer Federal Favor for Fetishism Flora Warren Seymour Always Something New in Turkey Charles Trowbridge Riggs What Is a Faitll Mission?

Robert Hall Glover Forty-seven Years Among Chinese Jonathan Goforth Front Page News-An Airplane Crash!

R. w. Hambrook 25 Cents a Cop, $2.50 a YeaI'

to Remember Obituary Note. Mrs. Lucy W. Peabody has

September 3-S-Negro National Bap- Miss Stella Relyea, who had served from the chairmanship of the Associa- tist Convention, 143d Street Armory, 37 years under the Baptist Board in tion of Baptists for Evangelism in the Harlem, New York. China, died May 7 at Clifton Springs, Orient. She has been succeeded in N. Y. In 1902 she became principal' the chairmanship by Rev. Harold T. September 16-23-School of Missions, of Chung Md Girls' School in Kinwha. Commons, of Johnson City, New York. Minnesota. Mrs. A. F. Auguster, The work of this Association is con- 1536 Van Buren St., St. Paul, Min- fined to the Philippine Islands. nesota. *** *** September 17-24–School of Missions, Warren, Ohio. Mrs. Geo. Konold, 314 Mrs. Archibald Hore, for many Rev. Paul Shinji Sasaki, professor Scott St., N. E., Warren, Ohio. years associate editor of the Spirit of Liturgics and Applied Theolog~-, of 1ldissions, died last June in Scotch Central Theological College, St. Paul's September 27-0ctober 6 – Interna- Plains, N. J., at the age of 86. tional Committee of International University, Tokyo, has been elected Missionary Council. Northfield, *** second Bishop of the diocese of Mid- Mass. Japan. He will be the fourth native Bishop Arthur Stanley Ward, of of Japan to be elevated to the Angli- October 15-20 – International Con- the Moravian Church, died May 27, in can espiscopate. vention of the Disciples of Christ. his 71st year. He was born in Ja- San Antonio, Texas. maica, where his father was a mis- * October 16, 17-American Mission to sionary. Bishop Ward was a member Rev. G. A. Riggs, Baptist mission- Lepers. Annual Meeting, New of the General Missions Board of the York, N. Y. Moravian Church. ary in Puerto Rico, is celebrating the October 22-Five Years' Meeting of :;: * * silver jubilee of his service in the the Friends. Richmond, Ind. Levi Mumaw, Yice-President of the island. * * '" October 2S-November 1 – Houston. Mennonite Board of Missions and Texas. Mrs. E. B. Mohle, 2309 Charities, diE'd at his home at Scott- Dr. T. L. Holcomb, of Oklahoma Robinhood, Houston, Texas. dale, Pa., .Tune 4. In addition to his City, has ~ucceeded Dr. L J. Van Ness duties in conncctilil1 with the mission November 17-Men and Mission Sun- activitics he was secretary-treasurer as Secretary-Treasurer of the South- day. Topic: "Jesus Christ and the of the Mennonite Publishing House at World Today." For source material Scottdale, and secretary of the Men- ern Baptist Sunday School Board. write to the Laymen's Missionary nonite Central Committee, a relief or- Movement, 19 S. La Salle St., Chi- ganization that carried on extensive * *' * cago. work in the Near East and Russia after the war. Dr. Daw Saw Sa, who is noJw in December 7-Universal Bible Sunday. private medical practice in Burma, '" * * takes an active interest in missionary December 28, 1935-January 1, 1936- work, and represented the National Student Volunteer Convention. In- Miss Elma French, missionary of Missionary Council of India, Burma dianapolis, Ind. and Ceylon, at the International Mis- the Reformed Prellbyterian Church in sionary Council Meeting at Lake Mo- the Levant, passed away April 26 at honk, New York, in 1921. She was Aleppo, Syria. Miss French had been formerly Head of the Lady Dutferin on the field about twenty-seven years. Hospital at Rangoon. The greater part of her work was in Mersine, Asia Minor, where she did ** outstanding work in the schools and for the refugees and Armenians Dr. J. J. Lucas, of the American through their trying years. Presbyterian Mission, who began his service in 1870, is the senior mission- ary of North India. He has beeR active with his pen and recently has published a history of the North India Tract and Book Society.

Printin Personal Items •*• When You Require It Dr. and Mrs. Daniel A. Poling, Dean L. S. Cozart, of Barber-Scotia President of the World Christian En- Presbyterian School at Concord, N. C., We wish to ext••d to you an invi- deavor Union, sailed from New York has been accorded several honors as a tation to become acquainted with on a round-the-world tour on July reward for outstanding service. The THE EVANGELICAL PRESS of 12th. Mter visiting Europe and at- Governor of North Carolina asked him Harrisburg, Pennsylvania. tending the Christian Endeavor Con- to serve as a member of a special com- vention in Budapest, they plan to visit mittee of fifty, composed of 25 whites Thousands of institutions and individ- Greece, Egypt, the Holy Lands, and and 25 Negroes, to gather facts reuals have accepted a similar invitation, go through Persia and Iraq to India, garding Negro teachers in North Caroand have enjoyed a profitable printing Siam, China, Korea, Japan, and Aus- lina. He was also asked by the State association for years. Department of Education to serve on Our specialty is Books, Magazines and tralia. Dr. and Mrs. Poling expect to the Textbook Committee, the first Booklets. We have modern equipment to meet all the requirements of your be in Hawaii in March and to return Negro in the history of North Carolina particular job. Our service is quick, to the United States in April, 1936. to be asked to' help select its textbooks. careful and courteous. ,. '* '" * ,. * Why not allow us to estimate on your next printing? You will be delighted Dr. James L. Barton has retired Dr. Harold A. Moody, Negro phywith our product, price, and service. from the office of President of the gov- sician in London, is the founder and erning boards of the three union col- president of the League of Colored The Evangelical Press leges for women in India, an office Peoples, organized in London four which he has held since their organiza- years ago to promote the economic, Printers 01 tion. He has also resigned as chair- educational, political and social inter- man of the trustees of the v,ralker ests of colored peoples in Great The Missionary Review of the World Missionary Homes, Auburndale, Mass., Britain and America. He has been after thirty-five years of service. elected president of the British Chris- PLANT AND MAIN OFFICE: tian Endeavor Union. **• Third and Reily Streets Harrisburgl Pa. *** Dr. Walter Van Kirk, Secretary of the Department of International Jus- Dr. Robert Cochrane has resigned tice and Goodwill of the Federal Coun- the medical secretaryship of the Brit- cil of ChUrches, has been designated ish Empire Leprosy Relief Associa- as the special investigator with regard to the possibility of establishing an tion to work as a volunteer for five American church in Moscow to serve years among lepers in India. He will members of the American colony. (Concluded on page 385.)

MISSIONARY Times may grow worse, but the RE- America and open fQr engagemet;lts

REVIEW OF THE WORLD VIEW grows better." during the autumn. Arrangements may be made through Dr. David Por- DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Editor REV. HOWARD A. ADAIR. ter, Headmaster of Mount Hermon Paterson, N. J. School, Massachusetts. Dr. Koo is VOL. LVIII SEPT.,1935 No.9 one of the mQst brilliant, eloquent and *** Publication and Business Office– convincing speakers who have visited Third and Reily Sts., Harrisburg, Pa. "The July issue has just come and America. He is especially effective is more fascinating than ever." with young people and miscellaneous Editorial and Executive Office– 156 Fifth Avenue, New York City. REV. MARTIN P. SIMON. audiences. Entered as second-class matter at Eugene, Oregon. *** Post Office, Harrisburg, Pa., under *** Act of March 3, 1879. Dr. K. S. Oh, a Korean Christian The article on "The Spiritual Con- physician, has been elected President 25 cents a copy-$2.50 a year. dition of the Heathen," by Dr. Frost, of Severence Union Medical College in Foreign Postage, 50 cents a year. in the July REVIEW, is the strongest Seoul, KQrea, as successor to Dr. O. Published monthly, except August. argument I have seen for the imme- All rights reserved. Copyrighted 1935. diate evangelization of the non-Chris- R. Avison, retired. Dr. Oh is a rep- British agents – Marshall, Morgan tian wQrld. It shows what God resentative of the Southern Presbyte- and Scott, 12 Paternoster Buildings, teaches in His Word and ought to be rian Church. He was born in Korea London, E. C. 1 shilling per copy, widely read. on October 4, 1877, of Christian par- 10 shillings a year. ents, and after completing his course HORACE N. DOUGHERTY. at the Pai-Chai Middle School came MISSIONARY REVIEW PUB- New York City. LISHING CO., INC. to America and studied at Center Col- BOARD OF DIRECTORS Personal Items lege, Kentucky, and the University of ROBERT E. SPEER, President (Concluded from 2d Cover.) Louisville, after which he returned to WM. I. CHAMBERLAIN, Vice-President WALTER McDOUGALL, Treasurer go to the Leper Settlement in Madras Korea. DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Secretary for a five years' period of 'intensive research into the treatment of leprosy ••ttAWonderful Help SAMUEL MCCREA CAVERT on the most modern lines. He will MRS. ORRIN R. JUDD live among the 750 patients at the onThe Foreign Field"

WM. B. LIPPHARD Settlement. * * * The School That Comes to You… By Mail!

ERIC M. NORTH Misses Mildred Cable, Evangeline "Your school is a wonderful help here on JESSE R. WILSON and Francesca French, the three in- the foreIgn held and I am so happy to have trepid piQneer workers for the China my children so well educated," writes a A. L. WARNSHUIS Inland Mission, who were held pris- parent whose children are studying Calvert oners three years ago in the Gobi Courses in far off China. SAMUEL M. ZWEMER Desert, returned to their work in northwest China last month. They For 28 years. Calvert School has had a part Editorial Chat are accompanied by "Topsy," their in educatmg the children of famIlies in sixteen-year-old deaf and dumb Chi- Missionary work . . . in giving them the Our June Special Home Mission nese adopted child. rich, cultural background of an Amencan Number has been enthusiastically re- private school. ceived. Now is the time to order *** copies for pastors and Mission Study No matter where your mission, Calvert Classes. This issue of the REVIEW, The Rev. C. Y. Cheng, D.D., LL.D. School will come to you with complete with its wealth of Home Mission in- (Dr. Cheng Ching-yi), has resigned courses of instruction for your children formation, will be a stimulus to many. as general secretary of the National from kindergarten to high school age. Special rates for quantities ordered at Christian Council of China. He has one time. been for 25 years a leader in China, All lessons, books, stationery and special remarkable for his winning personal- Calvert educational devices are supplied *** ity, broad statesmanship and marked from our rrominent and successful pnvate ability. He was chairman of the Chi- day schoo in Baltimore. As noted in our July issue, the Au- nese National Christian Conference in gust number Qf the REVIEW was omit- 1932 and has made several visits to These simple, understandable, moderately ted – to save expense and because Europe and America. He originated pnced Home Instruction Courses arc a many readers are away from home. the Five Year Program of Evangelism unique and satisfactory way of solving your To compensate for this the June, July, for China and has been moderator of b~l~~'s educational problem in the foreign September and October issues each the General Assembly of the Church contain sixteen pages extra. Do not of Christ in China since its organiza- Lessons MlY Be Storied It Any Time miss their wealth of material. tion. Dr. Cheng is now placing him- self at the disposal of the United Write today. Get full information about *** Church Qf Christ to work for the unity Calvert-"The School That Comes to and upbuilding of the Christian cause You." See what Calvert is doing for The REVIEW has been warmly rec- among his people. others . • • it will do the same for your ommended at many Qf the Summer Conferences and Schools of M.issions. *** – – – – – children. – – – – – – – – – – – If it is not on sale, or is not mentioned at any conference yQU attend, please Rev. James H. Nicol, of Syria, is CALVERT SCHOOL speak about it to leaders and write to temporarily filling the place of Dr. us that we may correct the oversight. Cleland B. McAfee, in the Presbyte- Mrs. G. S. Rhoads It is your magazine. rian Board of Foreign Missions, Dr. Director of Home Instruction McAfee being laid aside by illness. What you say*, a*nd w* hat others say, 189 W. Tusclny ROld *** helps the REVIEW and helps the Cause BALTIMORE, MARYLAND of Christ. Already we have been Dr. Toyohiko Kagawa, the foremost asked to reprint three articles fro'm Christian leader of Japan, is expected Name recent numbers. Notice what some to arrive in America in December for Address readers say: a six months' lecture tour. One of his principal addresses will be at the Stu- Child'. Age_ _ "The June (Home Mission Number) dent Volunteer Convention in Indianis especially strong and valuable. I apolis, December 28th. Dr. Kagawa's wish that all our Home Mission boards speaking engagements are being made would order a large number of copies by Miss Helen Topping, 2969 Vernon to distribute throughout the Church." Ave., Chicago, Ill.

JOHN McDOWELL, Secretary of *** Board of National Missions, Presbyterian Church, U. S. A. Dr. T. Z. Koo, the well-known Chi- nese Christian speaker, is now in *** [385 ] "I rejoice in the continued high character and helpfulness of the articles in the MISSIONARY REVIEW.

DAY FOR HEALTHFUL SPORT AT ALBORZ COLLEGE

STUDENTS OF ALBORZ COLLEGE AND HIGH SCHOOL IN ASSEMBLY Note that Persian Students Wear Their Caps in Chapel TRAINING PERSIAN YOUTH IN BODY, MIND AND SPIRIT

NARY

REVIB ORLD VOLUME LVIII AN INTERDENOMINATIONAL REVIEW OF WORLD-WIDE CHRISTIAN PROGRES!'l NUMBER 9 SEPTEMBER, 1935 Topics of the Times NEED FOR REVIVAL IN EUROPE (5) Modern rationalism and humanism also deify humanity and humanize God. This tend- All Europe is like a volcano, a powder box or a ency leads to the exaltation of reason, science and cauldron "where the devil's broth is brewing." the material universe, and to the degradation of Miss Ruth Paxson, a well-known Bible teacher humanity by the worship of the creature rather and Christian ambassador, who has been spend- than the Creator. ing some months on the Continent, calls attention to the following outstanding antireligious factors (6) These influences lead to paganism with its that are working against Christ today: attendant nudism, loose sex relations and the exal- tation of pagan superstition and ancient deities- (1) There is the communism that deifies ma- as in Germany. terialism and seeks to destroy belief in God. Soviet leaders will fail to realize their aim to It is estimated that 375,000,000 people in "uproot religion," but a spiritual awakening is Europe need to be evangelized. Many know the needed to counteract that influence. name of Christ but show little or no evidence that they really know Christ as Saviour and Lord, or (2) Atheism has organized "The Alliance of that they have ever experienced spiritual life, or Militant Godless" which ten years ago reported know the transforming power of the Gospel. Mil- 120,000 members, five years later claimed 2,000,- lions of people in Europe today need to be evan- 000 and in another five years (1940) expects to gelized as truly as do the millions of Africa and enroll 20,000,000. Godless Russian groups are Asia. Dr. Karl Barth says that if Evangelical promoting atheism in thirty-nine other countries; Christianity is not to be utterly destroyed in thirty-five antireligious universities have been Europe, then the truths of the Protestant reforstarted and there are travelng antireligious mu- mation must be reemphasized. If the Christian seums and atheistic papers published in forty- Church is to survive in Europe then Christ must eight languages. be reborn in European hearts by the power of the Spirit of God. (3) Nationalism is another movement that is sweeping over Europe and is seeking to put the State above God. Hitler and Mussolini attempt RELIGION AND MISSIONS IN GERMANY to make themselves and their laws supreme. Mrs. Wasserzug, a German Christian, says: "The The situation in Germany does not seem to imleader principle means that the will of man is to prove. Not only is anti-Jewish persecution as rule absolutely in all spheres of life, so that the strong as ever but the Nazi's are campaigning Church becomes a servant of the State. It is anti- against Roman Catholics and all Protestants who Christ wanting to save man according to a human will not yield to the dictatorship of the secular plan. Christ is no more to be Head of the Church." State. The German evangelical Christians stand All this is leading to man-worship and idolatry. firm though threatened with the loss of property and the management of their own ecclesiastical (4) Fanaticism, in the form of superstition, affairs. These injustices and high-handed measignorance and bigotry, is another evil influence. ures on the part of the Hitler representatives are It may be in the form of mariolotry, Bibliolotry, causing Germany to lose friends in all civilized ecclesiasticism or any other formal religious be- countries, have brought about a threatened boylief that exalts something else in the place of cott of the Olympic games in Berlin next year, Christ.

[387 ]

and may bring retaliatory measures in other di- t1;ley must combine their spiritual forces with the rections. Some German leaders are still seeking "confessional churches." They have gone through to promote a return to the worship of all pagan one perplexity after another. After the World Teutonic Gods. Confessional pastors are also be- War there was the task to recover the lost mission ing persecuted. fields-a task in which they have not been com- German evangelical missions are still suffering pletely successful. * from financial depression, the attem!pted regulation of churches in Germany, and the Nazi finan- Then suddenly the disastrous inflation threatcial restrictions. Dr. Julius Richter, of Berlin, ened to put an end to all German mission work. writes as follows concerning the present situation This danger had hardly passed when the turmoil of church and missions in the Germany today: of the political and of the ecclesiastical develop- ments threw the missions again into great and The Protestant churches, as a whole, have not seemingly unsuperable difficulties. At present the been divided by denominational lines but by the missions face the perplexity of foreign exchange historic territorial divisions – the P r u s s ian and the government prohibition against exporting Church, the Bavarian Church, etc.-twenty-eight money from Germany. British and American of them. When the German Reich was forged churches, in spite of their own perplexing financial together it seemed desirable to the Government situation, have to some extent come to the help of to amalgamate those 28 territorial churches into German missionaries. God alone can preserve the one united "Reichskirche" since there was no de- work and keep alive German Protestant Chriscisive obstacle of creed or order. But this attempt tianity. has met with strong opposition. THE JEWISH QUESTION IN AMERICAt All the world over it has been a common experience that a vivid materialistic upheaval A very remarkable conference of well-known usually goes hand in hand with a religious revival. church leaders of many denominations was held This seemed within reach if all 65 millions of in Princeton in June to consider the attitude of Germans could be brought under the all-embrac- Christians and churches toward the Jewish people. ing enthusiasm of the national socialistic revolu- The Conference accepted the principle that a tion so that a strong religious rejuvenation might Christian approach to the Jews is an integral part follow the political and national reconstruction. of the Church's responsibility. Christian work The development has gone rather in an opposite among Jews has too long been regarded as the direction. Cinderella in the Church's missionary enterprises, lightly esteemed, scantily supported, and pushed In Germany, as in many other countries, there aside for what have been considered more imhave been many pseudo-religious movements such portant enterprises. The time has come to recogas spiritism, theosophy, anthroposophy, and Chris- nize the regal character of a ministry to the race tian Science. These substitutes for Christianity of Jesus, and to claim for it its rightful place in have made a move in line with the national revo- the life of the Christian Church. lution, have taken up the watchwords of race and blood and "Bode" and have started a dozen or a The right of the Church of Christ to include the score of old German or neo-pagan associations or Jewish people in its ministry should never be quesspiritual currents which curiously find favor in tioned. As Dr. Louis H. Evans, of Pittsburgh, extreme nationalistic circles. The pious Christian put it: "Christianity dm never fulfill its task if circles have felt all the more the obligation to it loses its sense of imperial universality, born of stand firm on the foundation of the Biblical reve- the fact that Christ is the need of every race. The lation and of the German reformation. At present power of evangelization is largely lost when we the "Reichskirche" is dead, yet there is a very approach our task with any sense of apology, or serious conflict between the divers currents of of embarrassment, as though what we had to neo-paganism and of the "confessional churches." offer did not justify the attention and loyalty of every human heart. Christ is the universal need. The Protestant missionary societies are not di- He is no more sectarian than sunshine or rain." rectly implicated in this ecclesiastical turmoil, but There should be no illusions as to the greatness • The Swiss Basel Mission has not recovered its flourishing work of the task of winning Jews to the discipleship of in the French part of the Cameroon mandate, the Bethel Mission Christ or of the difficulties that must be faced, but has not been given back its promising work in Belgian Ruanda, the we cannot avoid the duty because of its extent or Hermansburg Mission has lost its Telugu field. of the difficulties involved. There must be an earnest spirit of endeavor to accept the challenge The Rhenish Mission has transferred Its mission in Borneo to the and to gird ourselves anew for the task. Basel Mission Society; has transferred its mission in Southwest Africa and Amboland to the Finnish Mission Society; has trans- t Notes of a conference held at Princeton in June. ferred its mission in New Guinea to the United Lutheran Church of America.

The Berlin Mission has transferred its Kioutschou Mission to the American Lutherans.

The Breklum Mission has transferred its mission In Tanganyika Territory to the Newkirchen Mission.

TOPICS OF THE TIMES

There is, of course, great room for diversity with the Church if it does not recognize its opof opinion as to methods to be used in work for portunity. the Jews. But differences of view can be discussed with a real desire to understand and ap- "Unless the Church is made to feel its responsipreciate others' points of view. In Princeton bility for the Jews," said Dr. Wm. R. King, "there there was complete unanimity on one issue-the is no hope of an advance in our approach to them. Christian attitude toward antisemitism. The It must be confessed that the Church has not al- Church can never compromise with an attitude so ways gone about this work in the best ways. We foreign to the teaching and spirit of Christ. A must bring to the work sane and practical methmissionary, a pastor, a layman and a public school- ods, tried and tested techniques, and above all a teacher, each discussed most helpfully "The Im- genuinely Christian spirit of approach that is full portance of a Christian Ministry to the Jews." of promise for its future success." There was no disposition to minimize the value of the mission in a Jewish ghetto as a means of evan- WHITHER MEXICO? gelization but there was a keen recognition of the fact that the time has come when the Church it- Not many weeks ago, General Elias Calles, for self must undertake the task directly and by means a number of years the supreme stage director of of every agency at its command. With Jews liv- the Mexican drama, suddenly took a plane in the ing in 12,000 different places in the United States Federal Capital and flew northward to his native and Canada, and with at least 50,000 churches state of Sonora. This sudden and dramatic flight having Jews living in their parishes, besides hav- of "Mexico's strong man" marks the end of one ing many neighborhood houses, colleges, and other chapter and the beginning of another in the revoinstitutions in continual contact with Jews, it is lutionary history of the country. How are we to high time that the Church utilized its resources estimate the significance of this change in the in some adequate way to break down the barriers center of power in Mexican affairs? In the inbetween Jews and Christians and open a way for tervening weeks since the flight took place, a numthe Gospel. ber of happenings have occurred, sufficient to lift the veil from the Mexican enigma, and set in high The open forum, literature, the neighborhood relief the part played by Calles in the antireligious house, the local church and the Christian college, campaign of recent years, and the trend of the may be very effective means of approach. new government on the religious issue.

The high value of an educational program is The state of Tabasco, a quite unimportant reacknowledged, not only through the pulpit and gion on the geographical periphery of Mexico, will promotional literature, but through church study go down in history as the chief experiment station groups, and church literature. Dr. Park Hays where General Calles and his satraps permitted Miller, of the Board of Christian Education of antireligious policies to be worked out, expecting the Presbyterian Church, said: "In our interpre- to apply them at an opportune moment to other tation of the Bible we can and should endeavor to states. In April, 1928, General Obreg6n called be fair and to avoid creating prejudices. As an Tabasco the bulwark of the revolution. The Goveditor supervising Sunday school lesson materials, ernor, Garrido Canabal, had been assidiously clos- I have felt called upon to revise some manuscripts ing churches and expelling all clergy from the at this point when they unnecessarily stirred anti- territory. This identification of Obreg6n (an ex- Jewish feeling. This can be avoided without president of the Republic, and then candidate for weakening our Christian testimony. There is a second term), with the radical policies of the little use in avoiding opposition at the price of Governor of Tabasco, was an ominous sign of surrendering what we believe to be essential what might be expected when the new president truth." took office. Less than three months later the presi- dent-elect was assassinated by a young Catholic Contrary to the general impression, Christian fanatic. work for the Jews has not been attended with meagre results. Fruitful fields await only wise In March of 1934, another presidential candiand consecrated reapers. So many have been the date visited the state of Tabasco, General Lazaro converts in connection with Peniel Community Cardenas, his visit coinciding with that of the ex- Center, Chicago, that the Director is planning for president and then virtual dictator, General Elias the establishment of a Hebrew Christian Church Calles. The two men publicly eulogized the in October. Pastors bear testimony to the re- achievements of the Tabascan Governor, and held sponsiveness of Jewish neighbors to a friendly up Tabasco as the model state of the republic. Christian approach. The Spirit of God is mani- Less than two months later the exercise of the festly moving upon Jewish minds and hearts Christian ministry became illegal in Sonora, throughout the Jewish world and it will fare ill Calles' native state, where his son was Governor.

From then onward, until Calles took farewell of tion. The main radical policies of the governthe Mexican capital, one radical act followed an- ment will probably continue, but positive religious other with startling rapidity in different states of persecution will increasingly diminish. One of the Republic, and in the Federal Legislature. The the first acts of the president, after power was amendment to the Constitution (in October, 1934) fully vested in his own hands, was to rescind his made it a primary function of education to com- former edict which had banned religious literature bat all religious prejudice and fanaticism. Some states interpreted this as a charter to eliminate and correspondence from the mails. The presence religious ideas from the minds of children. All Roman Catholic Churches were closed in the State in the new Cabinet of General Cedillo, former govof Queretaro and Colima, while all religious services were suspended in the State of Chihuahua. ernor of San Luis Potosi, is evidence that a rad- ical policy will be followed along agrarian lines, The new president took office on December 1, but a liberal policy in everything relating to reliand on February 12, as a result of an alleged conspiracy against the state, the use of the mails was gious belief and worship. General Cedillo has condenied for religious literature and for correspondence which might involve propagation for any re- sistently refused to allow the Federal laws bearligious teachings. The notorious governor of ing on religion to be applied in his state. The new Tabasco had also come into federal politics, as chairman of the National Revolutionary Party Minister of Agriculture in the new Cabinet. He (ex-president Portes Gil) is one of the most libwas accompanied by a small army of "reds" whose eral elements in Mexico. He sympathizes deeply function it was to bait Catholics in the Federal with the Evangelical position and was at one time District. Some bloody conflicts took place and an official in Tamaulipas when Doctor Andres increasing restrictions upon religion in a number Osuna, a distinguished evangelical, was governor of states created a situation of growing intensity of that state. both in Mexico and in the United States. Nobody knew who was really responsible for this ultra- Meanwhile the strain and stress has tended to radical trend. Was Garrido Canabal the protege weld Mexican evangelicals more closely together. of Cardenas or of Calles? Was the antireligious In some states they have suffered religious recampaign, which continued in full force during strictions equally with Roman Catholics, but they the new president's first months in office, a delib- have great hopes for the future. For some time, erate policy of General Cardenas, or was it im- a prayer meeting, held each morning in the Fedposed upon him? The answer to that question has eral Capital at 6: 30, has been largely attended by been supplied by events in Mexico since Cardenas evangelical workers. Although the foreign misshook himself free of the tutelage of Calles and sionary aspect of the work, as carried on by evandefied his erstwhile chief. gelical churches in this country, has been greatly It is now clear that the major interest of Presi- curtailed, the Gospel has sufficiently taken root in dent Cardenas is not the suspension of religious Mexico to guarantee under God its continuance liberty, but the prevention of capitalistic exploitation. He thus appears as the new champion of and indigenous propagation. The next phase the Mexican workmen and agrarians, while his administration is denounced by Calles as radical should be the establishment of closer relations and anarchistic. Calles himself began as a poor schoolmaster in the early days of the revolution between evangelical communions in the United and is now a feudal baron with millions of capital. States and autonomous evangelical communions Among his immediate followers have been a con- in Mexico, so that together, in full Christian libsiderable group of socialist millionaires. The revolution undoubtedly gave back many wide acres erty, they may think and pray and work together to the people, but it also bas thrown up a new landed plutocracy. for the promotion of Christ's kingdom on both Nobody can confidently forecast what may take sides of the Rio Grande. JOHN A. MACKAY. place in Mexico, but if the Cardenas government succeeds in consolidating itself for a period of THE CRISIS IN ETHIOPIA years, certain actions of the president and the composition of the new Cabinet, warrant us to Ethiopia (formerly known as Abyssinia) is attempt a prediction. Mexico at present is not threatened with invasion by Italy, possibly with taking a swing to the right or to the left, but is a view to making it a part of the Italian empire, returning to the central position of the Revolu- at least with the hope of making it a protectorate. This mountainous country comprises 190,000 square miles-about one-fourth less than the area of Texas, nearly the size of Spain. Tradition says that the rulers are descended from Solomon and the Queen of Sheba and the Emperor is called "The Lion of the Tribe of Judah." The country has maintained its independence for over 3,000 years. The Abyssinian religion is traditionally Christian, having been introduced by the officer of Ethiopia in the first century A. D., as a result

of the preaching of Philip the evangelist on the from God, went through this province and made a great road from Jerusalem to Gaza. The people of the impression on these people. Almost to the last man they country are hardy, poor in this world's goods, and are devoted followers of the teachings of Asa. Among generally uneducated. The nearest neighbors to many other things, he told them that soon the white man Ethiopia are the British in the Egyptian Sudan would bring them God's Word, and to wait for it and beand British Somaliland, the French in French lieve it. And ~ it is not surprising that there are 150 to Somaliland and the Italians in Eritrea and Italian 200 people coming out on Sundays to hear God's Word. Somaliland. They will listen to a two-hour message, and then sit until three or four o'clock asking questions. Theirs is not merely Premier Mussolini, like a modern Cresar, hav- an idle curiosity, but a genuine intelligent interest. The ing set out to form a strong Fascist government, old men in the surrounding country come out, and many with a militarized people, apparently desires to have shown an amazing grasp of the atoning work of our enlarge Italian territory and is looking for some Lord. Until the old men have decided on the "merits" of way to use the growing Italian army and navy. this "new matter," the women and children must not Slight disturbances on the Italian Somaliland- listen, even for a moment. Abyssinian border have given an excuse for demands on Ethiopia and a threatened invasion. The friends of the Sudan Interior Mission re- Naturally not only is Ethiopia greatly disturbed cently sent a cablegram to the Ethiopian Minister but France and Great Britain also, especially as of Foreign Affairs expressing sympathy and say- Ethiopia is one of the chief sources of the Nile, ing that they were joining in prayer for Ethiopia. which is the life of Egypt. The arousing of A reply came from His Majesty, Emperor Haile Africans and other colored races, by a new evi- Selassie, expressing the gratitude of the nation dence of "white imperialism," also threatens to "which has lived through many centuries, guardstart a race war and possibly another world war. ing her independence. In the Name of our Lord Any Italian-Ethiopian conflict will be a blot on Jesus Christ, I beg you to continue praying for civilization and will set back the cause of peace her." and world brotherhood at least a generation. This is a matter of world-wide concern. For more than a decade the door into Ethiopia has been wide open to Christian missions. The Haile Selassie I has appealed to the League of Sudan Interior Mission alone, in the past eight Nations to prevent armed conflict. The Emperor, years, has sent in eighty-seven missionaries. upon whom falls the burden of governing and When the American Government requested that modernizing a medireval empire, is ruler of a war- American missionaries withdraw, the mission has like people, and he promises to lead his armies replied that mothers with children, and others with the "Ark of the Covenant" borne by the Ethi- electing to go, would be sent home but most of opian pope at his side, just as the ancient Kings them will remain at their posts. of Judea once went out to wage battle. Emperor Haile Selassie asks the world to note that Ethiopia Recently an American committee of the "Friends is progressing in civilization, is promoting educa- of Ethiopia" has been formed, with Dr. Thomas tion, that many slaves are freed each year and that Jesse Jones as chairman and Emory Ross as secspecial schools are opened for their instruction. retary. This is a national committee, representing many interests and religious creeds. The object Evangelical missionary work is carried on in will be to arouse Americans, British and others Ethiopia and is encouraged by the government. to the need for definite action to prevent a conflict. The British and Foreign Bible Society has col- An appeal is being made to various governments porteurs there, the Swedish mission has long been and to the League of Nations. established, the United Presbyterians (U. S. A.) have an excellent medical work and the Sudan WHISPERING CAMPAIGNS Interior Mission (international and interdenominational) is opening many stations as centers of An astonishing admission has come from a witpioneer evangelistic work. ness before the Senate investigating committee to the effect that he had recommended a "whispering If Italian domination should prevail in Ethiopia, campaign" as a means of combatting certain legisit seems probable that limitations would be put lation to which he and his friends were opposed. on evangelical mission work, as has been the case What this campaign was or why it was recomin other Italian territory in Africa. A glimpse of mended or inaugurated does not concern us here the type of work conducted by the Sudan Interior so much as the fact that the statements made in Mission is given in a recent interesting letter from the campaign were without foundation in fact, Mr. Harold Ste~t who has recently settled in a were intended to destroy public confidence in a new station at Shama, eighteen days' journey national leader and were given pUblicity for the southwest of Addis Ababa, the capital. purpose of winning support for the campaigners' cause. That such unscrupulous campaigns are About ten years ago a native religious teacher and possible is another sign of human degeneracy. prophet, named Asa, who claimed to have a revelation "Whispering campaigns" to discredit opponents are doubtless as old as history. They have been

used against Roosevelt, Hoover, Wilson and other WHAT AN AFRIOAN WOMAN THINKS presidents. They were used against St. Paul when OF A MISSIONARY* men said he was "mad" ; they were started against Jesus when His enemies said He had a demon and Mrs. Thomas Moody, for forty-four years an blasphemed God. They are used today against American Baptist missionary in the Belgian Christian ministers when, without proof, they are Congo, died on November seventeenth, following charged with being disloyal to Christ or unfaithful a two weeks' illness. Dr. Catherine Mabie, of the in their sacred office. "Whispering campaigns" same Mission, writes: "To know Mrs. Moody was are not only carried on against missions by un- to love her and she leaves a large group of col- leagues and friends; in hundreds of Congo vilsbeellfiiesvhearsndwhuonpcrloaidmuctthivaet,thbeutweovreknisCuhnriwstairarnasnwteild~ lages there is sorrow because the lightly tripping feet of 'Mama Moody' will never again be comfully arouse suspicion as to the orthodoxy, loyalty ing down the long trails over which they have or effectiveness of missionaries in general because so often passed during recent years. Both Mr. they think that some have proved unworthy of and Mrs. Moody have been intrepid itinerant their high calling. These "whispering campaigns" evangelistic missionaries. Three to four months are started through rumors which discredit indi- of each year they have spent out among the vilviduals, boards or causes with which the cam- lages, ministering to the deep need of the Chrispaigners are out of sympathy. The rumors may tian communities as well as winning many conhave some foundation but are insufficient to war- verts to Jesus Christ." rant the campaign. The worst of it is that the campaign is spread by thousands who pass on the One of the Congo Christian women, Elizabeth rumors but know little or nothing of the facts. Mangunga, came under the influence of Mrs. Moody and reflects something of Mrs. Moody's Such a "whispering campaign" was recently saintliness and serenity. She gives her testistarted by an anonymous editorial in a Christian mony (here translated) to what a missionary periodical. The editor thought he had reason to may be: spread charges as to certain missionaries' unorthodoxy and lack of evangelistic zeal. Readers Mama M'oody called home by God our Father in the accepted the report as true and it spread by word of mouth to the great detriment of the mission- Congo. She has gone to the Saviour, Jesus Christ, whom aries, the mission Board, and the cause of Christ. Subsequent investigation showed that the "cam- she loved so much. paign" was without any adequate basis, and the man who wrote the letter acknowledged that he Tata and Mama Moody, our helpers, came to this councould not substantiate his charges. Unfortunately much damage had been done, for falsehood is try to tell the Good News of God to us, but our fathers much more fleet of foot than truth that seeks to overtake it. in the early days opposed them and they endured many Followers of Christ should be energetically op- hardships. They were truly workers who sacrificed their posed to all "wliispering campaigns." Jesus himself did not approve of them when His disciples own desires to work for God our Father; they persevered were inclined to discredit those who did not agree with them in all particulars. The Christian will in showing the friendships of Jesus Christ, and our fathers make no compromise with sin or with falsehood but neither should he spread suspicion and doubt. came to know that they were people of love and finally It is best to deal with facts, tested facts, proved facts-the truth spoken in love-and trust God received Jesus Christ. to judge motives, loyalties, and results. After many years of close contact with missions we are Mama and Tata Moody loved us very much. They were convinced that, as a rule, no body of people in the world is so unselfish, so loyal to Christ and the zealous to tell the Good News of Jesus everywhere. They Word of God, so full of spiritual power and so effective in service as are the missionaries of never tired; they went to Lukunga, Bolenge, Mwanza, to ~hrist. It be~ooves us to uphold them in prayer, m understandmg sympathy and by sacrificial gifts the Bayaka and Bambala country, to Sona Bata, telling so that we m,ay be in partnership with God wherever He is manifestly working to transform lives the Good News. They continued zealously to tell the and to enlist men in His service. Let us beware of "whispering campaigns," but be diligent in story until Mama Moody finished her work here on earth spreading the Good News. and,went to her Saviour and to her God, whom she loved always.

In 1927 Mama Moody excelled in itinerating. I went with them to the Bayaka country. They had a very diffi- cult trip. When the carriers could find no food, they re- fused to carry tIle "Kipois," Mama was not discouraged, we walked along the road together.

She told me how much trouble and sorrow she had ex- perienced. She told me of the time her child died at Lukunga. She was all alone at the time, for Tata was at Leopoldville on a trip to the district there. "Y eCs~"ngMo abmuat Moody said, "we have had hardships here in never mind, all is well."

That night Tata read and talked about Philippians 3: 7-12. His teachings strengthened us at Zikomba and all through our trip, which was long and tedious. '

Mama never tired of working for Jesus and with a great love she loved us. The Sunday before she was taken ill she went out to a village Kinzila, to hold services. Now she is resting in heaven-Mama has finished washing her heart in the blood of Jesus Christ.

ELIZABETH MANGUNGA.

• Congo MisSion News.

HALL, ALBORZ COLLEGE, TEHERAN

The Only Christian College in Iran By SAMUEL M. JORDAN, D.D., LL.D.* President, Alborz College of Teheran MANY were surprised when the Persian gov- most outstanding feature of the landscape. This ernment informed other nations that from new name preserves the College monogram- March 22, 1935, the spring equinox on ACT, which has become the College slogan. Stuwhich the Persian New Year begins, that country dents and alumni say, "We Iranians have always is to be addressed by her proper Persian name, been famed for poetry and philosophy rather than Iran (pronounced "ee-rahn") , by which, from for practical action, but the students of our Colprehistoric times, she has been known to the in- lege act. We do things." They have acquired habitants and to her Asiatic neighbors. Iran is this reputation throughout the empire and are the land of the Aryan, in contrast to Turan the justly proud of it. land of the Turk. In the autumn of 1872 the American Mission Ninety-nine per cent of the people of the coun- was established in Teheran, the capital of Iran, try, if they heard the name Persia, would not by the Presbyterian Church, and the following recognize it. Cyrus and Darius were natives of March a school for boys was opened. This school the province of Pars (Fars today), from which, was at first of primary grade, but the standard through Greek and Latin, our English term "Per- was gradually raised as the demand for modern sia" has been derived. education increased. In 1901 it became a high school, in 1913 a junior college, and in 1925 a The growing nationalism of Iran is fUrther standard college. In 1928 the first B.A. degrees evinced by the fact that the government has re- were given under a temporary charter granted by quested foreign institutions to discontinue the use the Regents of the University of the State of New of foreign names. For this reason the name York. This charter was made permanent in 1932, American College of Teheran has been changed putting the American College of Teheran on a to Alborz College of Teheran. This is eminently level with first-class American colleges. appropriate as the snow covered Alborz range, rising like a mighty wall behind the college, is the For many years this Christian school occupied centrally located but limited quarters within the • President Jordan recently received the honorary degree of Doc- city. In preparation for the college-to-be a new tor of Laws from Washingtqn and Jefferson College. In the citation, Dr. Ralph C. Hutchison, the President. said: ··Great and beloved site, now comprising forty-four acres, was purteacher of the youth of Iran, tutor of princes, preceptor to sons of the desert, indomitable pioneer, ingenious moulder of bricks with- chased in 1913. At that time it was waste land oofutthsetratwho,ucgrhetataonrdoifdiaomsigonfifaicabnrot tahnedr psetroaptleeg, icspcioriltluegael , fraathreerscohf otlhaer of noml'nal va.lue,· but today ·l·.·t l'S ··perhaps the most c~~isl;,an, and powerful, happy, and veteran missionary of the valuable property in the.city. Located just north [393 ]

of the recently demolished city walls, overlooking picked up a flashlight and stepped out to show the entire city, it commands a superb view of him the way. It was this same young prince with mountain and plain. a large pail in his hand. I said, "Hello, are you on the water patrol this week?" He replied, "No, On this campus college buildings have gradually I am not, but a few minutes ago I went to the tank arisen until at present the plant comprises Rolle- to get a drink and found it empty. I brought a stone Hall, the main building with offices, library, pail instead of a cup so that if any of my friends auditorium, and classrooms for 600 to 700 stu- should want a drink the water would be there. It dents; a fully equipped, up-to-date Science Build- seemed to me a brotherly thing to do." I think ing; two dormitories with a combined capacity of we all will agree that it was a brotherly thing to 150 students; an infirmary; and three residences do, but a few years earlier no high-class Persian for professors. Three football fields, three basket- would have dreamed of "demeaning" himself by ball, four volley ball, and eight tennis courts, base- doing such a thing. ball diamond, and running track, provide for the physical education of the students. These col- Before the World War in the numerous schools lege buildings combine American ideas of educa- and colleges scattered throughout the Turkish tional efficiency with Persian architectural grace Empire, because of the bigotry of the Turk, the and beauty. They are considered the best modern enrolment was largely made up of the minority examples of the celebrated Persian-Saracenic peoples – Armenians, Greeks, Bulgarians, Ser- bians, Syrians, Jews; every race rather than the architecture. Turk, the ruling people. Naturally the students imbibed liberal ideas and became agitators for Prejudices Removed reform. Hence these colleges were looked upon with suspicion and distrust as fomenters of re- In Iran the different races-Moslems, Zoroas- bellion against the rule of Turk. trians, Armenians, Assyrians, Jews – have had separate schools. The result has been suspicion, One of the remarkable things about this College distrust, intolerance, and enmity. We have al- in the capital of Iran is the class of students enways enrolled students of all races, religions, and rolled. While many deserving poor boys have ranks of society without discrimination. They been accepted and trained-and a number of these have shared the same seats, sat beside each other today are found among the prominent leaders of in classrooms, rubbed shoulders on football fields the country-since the beginning of the century and basketball courts, and the result has been that a very large percentage, especially in the boarding all have learned to be friends, and to cooperate department, have been sons of prominent families; enthusiastically in service to their country. sons of royal princes, cousins of former Shahs, the only grandson of His Majesty, Reza Shah In 1928 three sons of one of the greatest princes Pahlavi, sons and grandsons of Prime Ministers in Iran were graduated from our Junior College. and other Cabinet Ministers, of Members of Maj- When one of them was about fifteen years old he less (Congress), of the great tribal chieftains, and was playing in a football match one afternoon. He of other influential men from every corner of the and another boy collided and they proceeded to Empire-boys who whether educated or not would scrap with all the vim and enthusiasm that Ameri- be in future years among the rulers of the land. can boys .would show under like circumstances. A The Persians suspect the citizens of all other nacousin on the side lines turned to the servant of tions of selfish motives. They do not suspect the princes, who had come with their carriage to Americans. All classes have confidence in our take them home, and exclaimed, "What a good- good intentions and our ability to give their sons for-nothing servant you are! You saw the son of the education they need to equip them forthe new His Imperial Highness struck by the son of no- duties of the new democratic age. Referring to body and you did not avenge the insult!" The Alborz College, the Persians say: "The Americans young prince overheard the remark. He stalked have a factory in Teheran where they manufacover to his servant and laid down the law thus, ture men." Because of the efficiency and trust- "When one of my friends and I have a difference worthiness of the men turned out, the College has of opinion on the football field, you understand it won its high reputation. Probably no other school is a friendly fight. If you ever dare to interfere in the world has ever enrolled so many of the sons and strike one of my friends, I will report it to of the leading men of any country as for the past His Imperial Highness, my father, and you will thirty years have been studying in this College get bastinadoed." He then turned back and re- in the capital of Iran. The result has been that sumed the game. many of the men educated in this College are prominent among the progressive patriots who Some five years later we were camping in the have cooperated to transform the medireval des- Alborz Mountains with the Boy Scouts. Late one night I heard someone going to the spring from which we got the drinking water.. Knowing that the lantern had been taken in for the night I

THE ONLY CHRISTIAN COLLEGE IN IRAN

potism of thirty years ago into the modern, pro- new campus. We need a football field. See this gressive democracy of today. stack of shovels. Here's the way to make a foot- ball field!" Suiting the action to the word, I threw Self-Support, Self-Respect, and Service a shovel across my shoulder and started off. The young American housemaster did the same. The Making people pay a fair price for what they boys without hesitation followed. We marched get is one of the best ways to teach self-respect out through one of the principal avenues, past the and self-reliance. Tuition fees are much higher home of the Prime Minister, and each boy was than other schools and the boarding department having the time of his life, for he was outraging has been more than self-supporting. We have the proprieties and conventions of a thousand years and he was enjoying it just as an American boy would. We put in three or four hours of good stiff work and at the end I said, "I hope you re- alize the significance of what we have done. It will go down in the history of the College that the first work on the campus was done not by down- trodden peasants receiving twenty cents a day,"- the usual daily wage-"but by the self-respecting, patriotic students who wished to testify by action as well as by word that a new day has come in Persia and any kind of labor is honorable." The young men who took part in that first "labor demonstration" more than twenty years ago never fail to mention it with pride as they return to the college. Some facetiously maintain that the num- ber who participated has materially increased with the passing of years. Numerous such de- IN THE CHEMISTRY DEPARTMENT, IRAN COLLEGE charged nine sons of the wealthy and well-to-do DR. VESSASI, MEDICAL GRADUATE AT WORK enough to support ten. This has met with the full approval of the patrons. In this way we have partures from medieval prejudices have helped been able to educate a number of worthy poor to establish the dignity of labor. boys. Although the majority of the boarders are from wealthy families, the spirit of the institution The steadily increasing contribution of the is democratic. There is perfect equality. Each alumni to the development of the new national boy makes his own bed and takes his turn in wait- life of Iran becomes more impressive year by year. ing on the table. This is contrary to their old One alumnus-the only man who has been a memideas of rank and exclusiveness, but it has worked ber of every Majless (Congress) since the incepwonders in ushering in the new democratic age. tion of constitutional government in 1907 – con- In every department of the College we are teach- tinues to be (utstanding in the political and ecoing the dignity of labor. We are producing men who are both democratic and level-headed. We are training up a democracy that is safe for the world.

The dignity of labor has been instilled into the students by example as well as by precept. Shortly after the land for the present campus had been purchased, passing along the street T saw a mule loaded with the wooden snow shovels which are the ideal things for cleaning off our desert land. I bought the whole load and had them stacked up in front of our door. As it was Friday, the school holiday, I sent word to the housemaster of the dormitory to bring over his boys after luncheon. They all came anticipating something interesting. I said, "You know we have bought land for the

nomic life of the country; another for five years In 1914 when many were terrified by the imhas been the youngest member of Majless, though pending peril of a Jehad or Holy War, we posnot the least influential. The Minister of Educa- sessed our souls in peace, for we were sure that tion, his first assistant, the working head of the Persia would not go in, and, therefore, a Holy medical school, the legal advisor of the Ministry, War could not succeed. In her early years bolthe Governor and the Chief of Police of the shevism boasted and other nations feared that she wealthiest province, the Assistant Minister of the would make an easy conquest of Persia, and from Interior, the controller of the government opium there spread eastward into Afghanistan and Inmonopoly, the director of the mint, the financial dia, and westward into Turkey, Irak, and Arabia. controller of the new railroad, and the superin- Again we knew it would not happen, for we had tendent of the rolling stock, and hundreds of been selling the Persians a different brand of others as government officials and in every walk democracy, and the bolsheviks would find no purof life are rendering notably faithful and efficient chasers for their special brand. The political, service to the country, as physicians, lawyers, social, and international services rendered by this teachers, army officers, merchants, manufacturers, College are worth to the world many times all that bankers. It is a great joy to us to see how loyal has been spent in Persia in the last century-and our alumni are to the ideals of honesty, truthful- these are only by-products. ness, and hard work which were held up to them in student days. It is often said by those in high One of the reasons for the success of the school places that the greatest defect of the Iranians is is that we have always played fair. We accepted that they fail to cooperate. Frequently we hear the all races and creeds, and every social rank, and remark: "Noone in Iran knows how to cooperate naturally insisted that there should be liberty, except the young men who have been trained in fraternity, and equality. One of our first rules the American College." By means of football, was that no one, either student or teacher, should volley ball, basketball, and other group games, and make a slighting remark about the religion of the Boy Scouts, as w~ll as by classroom instruc- another. tion, our students have learned that cooperation is the only road to success, and so they are playing While there is religious liberty for all, the well the game of life. Christian character of the school has been positive and pervasive. A goodly number .of the students The College has always cooperated with the become Christians. As a rule this causes very government in every possible way. For many little comment o.r opposition. The Christian stuyears practically all the football games of the city dents have weekly Y. M. C. A. meetings; carryon were. played on our fields, our laboratories have personal work among their fellow students and been shared with the government medical school, evangelistic work for outsiders. The All-Persia members of our staff regularly assist in the an- Christian Student Conference initiated in 1928 nual government examinations, and in revising continues to conduct inspiring conferences each and drafting l1ew courses of study for the govern- spring. ment schools. ··.With the recent full recognition of our higher courses of study, the very favorable Inspiring the young men of Iran with the ideas attitude of those in authority, and the fact that and ideals, the principles and standards requisite one of our loy~l. alumni is Minister of Education for the regeneration of a nation; helping a nation prospects seem brighter than ever before. to move out of the middle ages into the twentieth century; training the men who are helping to .The best political news in the world today is mould the new life of Persia; counteracting that Iran, the 1,2000mile bridge between the Near numerous subversive influences; promoting inter- East and the Eftr East, is a nation of hearty good- national understanding and goodwill, and consewill. In the midst 'of ~ world gone mad with quently promoting world peace, this College is supernationalism Persia has kept her head better rendering a priceless service not only to Persia, than any of her neighbors. While maintaining her but also to the whole world. national integrity, and insisting that other nations shall treat her with due respect, she is not carry- If anyone of the 623 colleges and universities ing chips on her shoulders. She is eager to co- in America was forced to close its doors there would be 622 remaining, eager to welcome the operate with her sister nations for international students of the college that had closed. But Al- borz College- is the only Christian college in the fair play and international peace. This is largely Empire of Iran, the only Christian college in a stretch of 3,000 miles. This college needs help to due to the American Mission in general, and to continue its service. Do not let the fact that you the College in particular, which have convinced cannot contribute as much as you would like pre- vent your sending what you can. the Persians of the sincere disinterested friend- ship and goodwill· of America.

Favor for

The American Government and the American Indian By FLORA WARREN SEYMOUR, Chicago, Illinois U NDER the high-sounding slogans of "toler- dent that the opposition to many other features ation" and "religious liberty" missionaries would also prove a barrier to its passage. It was of all denominations working among the therefore withdrawn, and a substitute provided. American Indian are meeting with such obstruc- The religious feature was, among other things, tions to their work as have not been encountered eliminated. for more than a century past. Still Indian opposition to the bill has continued. The attitude of the present administration of At the last moment, when the session of Congress the Indian Bureau was made clear in the original text of the was almost at its final gasp, the passage of even this emasculat- Wheeler-Howard bill which ran Here is a striking and im- ed remnant became clearly im- its spectacular course during portant contribution. Mrs. possible. A hurriedly composed the spring of 1934. In this Seymour is an attorney at makeshift was then rushed proposed legislation it was ex- law, for twenty-five years has through Congress and sent to pressly declared to be "the pur- been a student of American the President for signature. It pose and policy of Congress to Indian life and history, and is became law on June 18, 1934.

promote the study of Indian the author of HThe Story of This last minute legislation con- CI.VI·1l·zat·IOn and preserve and tbhoeoksR. edSheMwaans,"a manedmboetrhoefr tained only a few of the pro- develop the special cultural the United States Board of visions of the original bill. It achievements of such civiliza- Indian Commissioners from was obviously a face-saver- tion including Indian arts, 1922 until it was abolished in something which should still crafts, skills and traditions." 1933. She has visited many bear the names of the original Such a purpose is far from of the Indian reservations and promoters and so relieve the ad- favoring "religious liberty" as schools and is thoroughly ministration of the onus of defined by the American Con- familiar with the situation complete failure. To those who stitution. Instead, there was in among the Indians and the had read neither bill nor the contemplation a deliberate pro- various efforts to improve substitute, the similarity in motion of "native religion" as their condition. What she name (Wheeler-Howard bill) opposed to the Christian faith wanrditeasctsheorfe thoef UtnhietedattSittautdees made it appear that success had learned by the Indian from Commissioner to encourage crowned the efforts of the pro- white missionaries. Here was the Indians to Hrevert to ponents of the original. That a direct challenge to those who type" should be read and impression was strongly fos- believe missionary endeavors carefully considered by all tered by a press release from to be justifiable and desirable. who are genuinely interested the Indian Bureau itself, pro- One denomination, and only in the welfare of the Red Man. claiming that the Commissioner one, realized this challenge of Indian Affairs was "the hap- fully and roused itself to meet piest man in Washington" on the danger. From one church and another in the day the bill was signed. If he read the final Michigan, from home mission clubs, from Sunday text which became law his happiness must have school groups, from young people's societies, pro- been sadly dimmed.

tests poured in to Congress asking that this sub- Succeeding events seem to indicate that the In- versive clause be removed from the bill. It was dian Bureau is still unaware that the deliberate made plain that there was strong opposition to fostering of native religions and primitive ritual- the deliberate official teaching of Indian traditions ism is not a part of the law of the land. For the and superstitions. official encouragement of shamanism, tribal cere- When the bill had'been three months before monials and the like, has gone on as strongly as Congress and before the Indians, it became evi- if there were legislation behind it. This attitude [397 ]

on the part of the Indian Bureau in Washington dermine the practice. The attitude of the Indian is a hindrance and a menace to the work of teach- Office was made clear before the Wheeler-Howard ers, extension agents, physicians and nurses, as bill was passed. On January 3, 1934, an order well as to the missionaries whose aim in life is signed by the Commissioner of Indian Affairs and to replace the old Indian magic and fakirism with countersigned by the Secretary of the Interior, the tenets and practices of the Christian religion. declared that "the fullest constitutional liberty in all matters affecting religion, conscience and cul- HOPI-INDIAN SNAKE DANC ER ture, is insisted upon for all Indians." A rattlesna k e is carried in the mouth of the priests in front while This sounds like a wide and generous gesture; the priest behind uses a whip of featbe rs. it is supplemented by something a bit more spe- cific: "In addition, an affirmative, appreciative at- From the nor.th woods a woman missionary titude toward Indian cultural values is desired in writes: the Indian Service."

The work here is getting very hard. Paganism is on the "Cultural" is an all-embracing word. In some increase. The children are being taught the pagan dances Indian tribes it includes polygamy; in others, and rituals. Our scout troop has been taken to a distant r,tual prostitution; in many, a pitiful terror of city to exhibit the Indian dances and the largest pagan evil spirits that supposedly keep baleful watch ritualistic service in our twentieth century was held two over every human activity. Fear of the dark, weeks ago. fear of a dead body, fear of touching even the hide of certain animals; fear of looking in the direc- When I came to this post in 1931 I went fearlessly all tion of one's mother-in-law; fear of dreams; fear over the reservation at any hour of the day or night. This of eat~ng fish-these are some of the many Indian is no longer possible. They feel that they are a law to taboos ' toward which employees of the Indian themselves and celebrate by getting and staying drunk. Service are bidden to take an "affirmative, ap- I am afraid to meet a drunken Indian after dark. Sober, preciative attitude." How much appreciation for they are both gentle and kind. . Indian customs can a teacher or matron manifest when a young girl begs to remain at school for the Under a previous administration provision was summer that she may avoid the submission of her made for the setting aside of one hour weekly, body to the elders and medicine men of the tribe? when pupils in the government schools might receive religious education, according to the de- The first Indian Bureau circular was followed a nominational preferences of themselves or their few days later by one which permitted "as a parents. Openly to abandon this would have been provilege" the use of a schoolroom for religious impolitic, but the same purpose could be served education by a missionary, "Including any repreby new regulations which would effectively un- sentative of a native Indian religion." It was stated that children were to receive instruction from missionaries only if their parents appeared before a superintendent and gave consent, or made request, in writing. To obtain such formal con- sent from illiterate parents, living at remote dis- tances from the reservation superintendent, would be difficult if not impossible. With the Indian Bureau employees formally warned to maintain an "appreciative attitude" toward native religions, the obtaining of parental consent would not be facilitated. As a result religious instruction lan- guished in many of the schools. The prohibition of "required attendance" was frequently if not always interpreted to mean that the religious hour was not regarded as an educational period at all and in some schools the new regulations brought about a discontinuance of all religious education.

On April 3.0 Secretary Ickes promulgated a cir- cular threatening with dismissal any employee of the Indian Bureau who should oppose the new policy, including "opportunity for them (the In- dians) to develop their own culture." That cir- cular still applies to any encouragement that gov- ernment employees might offer to missionary en-

FEDERAL FAVOR FOR FETISHISM

deavor. Some employees still attend churches, and rule is that the pupils should converse in their own contribute to their support, as has been their cus- tribal language, though that as a rule shuts them tom in the past. Others, not few in number, have off from communication with the teacher who is felt that their standing with the Washington of- supposed to be guiding them. How disastrously fice will be better if they withdraw from any con- this retards the school work is too obvious to need nection with religious activity. elucidation. It is a widening of the gap between the races. But the purpose of Indian schools is "My wife and I feel that we have a right to at- to narrow that gap. tend church when away from the reservation," The new day schools among the Navajos offer A TYPICAL INDIAN HOGAN (HUT) the solution for this problem. No books are pro- vided so the native mind is unsullied by their insaid a teacher of many years' service, "but here fluence. No blackboards on which a word might on the reservation it is best to refrain from par- be written, deface the unbroken whiteness of the ticipation in the work of the mission." schoolroom walls. There are no teachers to whom English is the native tongue. Instead, young While such participation has not been formally Navajo "assistants" conduct the affairs of the inprohibited, no doubt is left in the minds of Indian stitution-largely industrial-with the use of the Service employees as to the direction in which Navajo language. the wind is blowing. Even such apparently innocuous contact as might be involved in an em- One might assume that English would thus be ployee of the Indian Bureau explaining to a effectively barred. Strangely enough, in the very missionary gathering the purposes of the govern- few day schools that have so far been put into ment work on erosion control or agricultural ex- operation, the demand for English teaching has tension has been definitely discouraged. In other already come, in no mistakable terms, from pupils words, if a government employee values his job- and parents alike. The Navajo people themselves, and who doesn't, in these hard times ?-it is to though primitive, are intelligent and adaptable. his interest to remain silent and inactive in re- They realize fully the usefulness of the English gard to his own religious convictions. This in the language in their daily life. name of "toleration" for the native religion, we find to be a virtual denial of religious freedom to Nowhere, however, does the inconsistency of the government employee, whether white or In- the Indian Bureau reveal itself more clearly than dian. NAVAJO INDIAN GRADUATES OF A MISSION SCHOOL If this were all, it would be sufficient to show that the vaunt of "religious liberty" is a mere in the medical work among the Indians. "Native cloak for official opposition to Christian mission- religion," as all workers among primitive people ary effort. But the insistence upon the inculcation understand, usually includes medicine men, with of native culture goes much farther than this. their incantations, charms and ceremonies de- signed to relieve a patient from illness or disaster Heretofore the use of the English language has brought upon him by the ever-present evil spirits. been required in Indian boarding schools after the To foster the ancient traditions inescapably means pupils have become acquainted with the speech of to foster the traditional, primitive forms of treattheir teachers. A case can be made out for call- ment of disease and the ceremonials in case of ing this rule a hardship, but it is a hardship that death. is inseparable from effective education. None of us learn to speak a foreign language if we persist in using our own on any and all occasions. Yet such is the procedure now officially fostered. The

The Indian Bureau has accepted responsibility ual values to offer the Indian, then he should re- for such encouragement of shamanism. Faced frain from intruding upon him. In that case the with this question at an open meeting, the Com- sooner he withdraws his schools, hospitals and missioner of Indian Affairs told the inquiring churches, and leaves the native culture undis- physician that the "cultural unity" of the tribes turbed to work out its own way, the better it will must first of all be preserved. It is fully under- be for all concerned. But if he has a better way of stood, among employees of the medical service of living to present, either for this world or for the the Indian Bureau, that they are expected to co- next, then he should present it without apology, operate with the local medicine men – priests with the full consciousness that it is truly a better of the native religion. Too often such coopera- way and is entitled to supplant filth and ignorance tion means the removal of the patient from the and cruelty.

hospital at a critical period. He may then be the A Higher Way of Life subject of a bear dance or a four-day "sing" or some other typical tribal ceremony. Whether his Missionaries and those who support them are disease be tuberculosis or scarlet fever, a broken committed to the belief that there is a higher way leg or bronchitis, the ceremonies include the at- of life than that beset by shamanism and savage tendance at his bedside of as many interested fears. In that belief they should confidently put spectators as can be crowded into his smoke filled before the Indian what the white man can offer hogan or tepee or "wickiup." When the disease is in the way of relief from physical and spiritual contagious, the death of the patient may be only terrors. Missionaries giving their lives to such the beginning of the fatalities as a result of the work deserve the unqualified backing of the observance of native religious rites. boards and congregations farther removed from Handicaps of the Indians the actual problems. In the past two years that backing has not been so confident or so strong Fear and ignorance are too often accompanied as the faithful workers in the field deserve. In by cruelty. The spirit working these ills must eastern cities, far from actual conditions, men sometimes be exorcised by physical attacks upon and women listen to the specious cry of "religious the affected portion of the body. Beating upon a liberty." Some are deluded into thinking themtubercular spine, at the hands of the local medicine selves "broadminded" when they are merely negman, was the lot of one little girl. Another Indian ligent; tolerant when in fact they permit stumbpractitioner essayed to perform a major operation, ling blocks to be placed in the way of their chosen using for a knife a piece of a broken bottle. In representatives. both these cases death was a merciful end to hideous suffering. What does "cultural unity" "We white people have nothing to give you Inmean in the face of such preventable "tragedies? dians," the Navajos were informed at a council held last summer. Missionaries and employees An ancient tradition among the Navajos looks heard this from the lips of a man sworn to carry favorably upon the presence of vermin in the hair on the government's work among the Indian and upon the body. Many of the tribes have never tribes: "Our culture is a disintegrating thing. known what it is to be without body parasites. It Yours is an integrated culture. You must do your is difficult for those raised in our more modern best to preserve it." civilized ways to realize the religious and cultural significance of these small creatures. Even yet, Fine-sounding words: but what do they mean?

after two years of pronouncements on ancient In the final analysis, this-that both government rites and folkways, the average nurse or teacher and missionaries should cease their efforts to is apt to feel an aversion to them. After a pupil bring about any improvement in Indian life and or patient has been visited by members of his fam- thought. No longer should we impose upon the ily, there are often discovered tiny crawling in- Red Man our decadent notions of education and truders carefully placed by the visitors upon a sanitation and social values. We should retire and child's hair or clothing. Real toleration and a leave his integrated culture undisturbed.

properly "appreciative attitude" would· perhaps If the members of the Christian Church believe let such vermin remain; but this is broadminded- such a statement, all missionary activity should ness which few real friends of the Indians have as stop at once.- But if they hold the conviction that yet been able to attain. Christ has something of value to offer the Ameri- This conflict between modern cleanliness and can Indian, they should continue to make the offer; ancient "culture" is typical of the whole illogical, and should back up by word and deed and earnest unintelligent attitude which has prevailed in the devotion the work which is being done to bring Indian Office in the past two years. If the white the Indian into the fellowship of the faith and the man has nothing in education, sanitation or spirit- ways of Christian civilization.

Something New in

By CHARLES T. RIGGS, Istanbul Missionary of the American Board ST. SOPHIA changed into a museum! The be made for a limited time by the Grand National wonderful airy dome of this gem of Byzan- Assembly, allowing such garb for one representa· tine art, the church erected by Anthemius tive of each religious body. In a place where the and dedicated by the Emperor Justinian fourteen long flowing robes and peculiar headdress of each centuries ago, will no longer echo to the prayers one of a dozen or more different sects or faiths of the faithful of Islam. After nine hundred years have always been noticeable, such a law is drastic as a Christian church, and five hundred more as and causes much discussion and speculation. Will a Moslem mosque, the massive building is now the Roman Catholic orders acquiesce, and French closed to all visitors, to be reopened after exten- and Italian priests and nuns doff their garb? Or sive alterations, as a museum of Byzantine art, will they decide to leave the country rather than under the secular government of the Republic of submit? With most orders of nuns, the pure Turkey. Thus have the present rulers solved a white butterfly-winged hats are a part of their problem that has been for ages a source of trouble consecration vows; how can they abandon them? between Greeks and Turks. The Syrian Archbishop has already appeared in the streets in civilian garb; and the Gregorian One essential item on the Megali idea, or grand and Orthodox clergy will apparently offer no replan of the Greeks, was that when the city was sistance. For Evangelical Christian bodies, the again brought under the Greek flag,' the services new regulation makes no difference. in Agia Sophia, the Church of Holy Wisdom, in- terrupted on that fateful day in 1453 by the in- What is the purpose of this new ordinance?

rushing hordes of Moslems, when the officiating The Government gives no explanation, save that priest fled through the secret door, shall be re- it is determined to abolish all distinctions tending stored and resumed. The initiated believe that to establish a religious hierarchy. The fact that the priest will again come out of that same door· the new law affects many times as many Moslem to conduct the worship. The Turks for many clerics as all the others put together, seems an years excluded all Greeks from the mosque and indication that the step is rather for the purpose declared that it should be blown to atoms rather of striking another blow at the reactionary, ultra- than surrendered under any circumstances. But conservative Moslem element, than (as has also many will regret that the famous Night of Power, been suggested) to lessen the prestige of the Ital- the night of the twenty-seventh of Ramazan, with ian and French Catholics. When one considers its awesome mass of ten thousand worshipers go- the former domination of the Ottoman State by ing through the Moslem prayers together, will not the Moslem clergy, one is the more ready to con- again be repeated in this place. done such drastic measures. When an Evangelical In this transformation is there any resemblance clergyman was recently interviewed by some reto that of the Church of St. Michael in Moscow porters on Turkish dailies, as to the feeling of changed by the Soviet Government into a mu- Protestants toward this new regulation, they were seum? There is another change which, like this, surprised to learn that the Gospel gave no direcis attributed by some to the growing influence of tions whatever as to any distinctive dress for the the Soviet Government in Angora. A significant clergy, and were pleased to be assured that Protfact is that Comrade Karahan, who has recently estants as such had no peculiar religious garb. been sent there as Russian ambassador, is an When they asked the clergyman what were his Armenian. With grim sadness the remnant of own individual feelings about such a regulation, Armenians left in Turkey witness the predom- he replied: inating influence of an Armenian over Turkish "I am an American; and in my country any policies. This second change, rightly or wrongly clergyman can wear whatever he pleases, in the attributed to Soviet influence, is the ordinance street or anywhere else; there is absolutely no forbidding the use, by any cleric-Moslem, Jew, compulsion, everyone is perfectly free as to what or Christian-of any distinctive clerical garb out· he may wear. I only wish there were this same side of places of worship. A single exception may freedom from compulsion in every country."

[401 ]

Their reply was significant: "This present rule instrumental minor of western music, gives a preis one step for us in that direction." God grant vailingly melancholic effect; and the peculiar high that with complete freedom from ecclesiastical quavers form an art by itself. But henceforth domination and from all fear of it, may come also Western music is to be the standard; and in order complete freedom to preach and teach the Chris- to be acceptable, Turkish tunes must now be set to tian faith! harmony. No longer will the inje saz orchestras be heard; and for a while Turkish popular music Another extensive change of these days in Tur- is greatly hampered. The reason for the change, key is in the adoption of purely Turkish family as given in some newspapers-that this sort of names in place of the ancient system of "Ali, son music was inevitably associated with drinking and of Mehmet," and "Suleyman, son of Bayram." carousing, which must stop – is specious. The The law has now been promulgated that everyone true reason seems to be that those in authority beshall have a family name, which must be Turkish, lieved that Europeans were jeering at Turkish and not Arabic or Persian or other nationality. music as unmusical, and that therefore Turkey Thus the President, Mutafa Kemal, has become should conform to recognized Western standards, Kemal Atatiirk; the Prime Minister Ismet Pasha, to prove her high civilization. has become General Ismet Inonii; the Minister for Foreign Affairs, Tewfik Riishtii Bey, has adopted In the midst of all these Ghanges, woman seems the name Tewfik Riishtii Aras; the Turkish Min- to be coming into her own far more rapidly than ister to Rumania, Hamdullah Suphi Bey, is now in other lands. During last December a law was Suphi Tanriover. This is sufficiently confusing; passed, giving her not only the right to vote in but coupled with this has come the more surpris- national elections, but also the right to candidacy ing regulation abolishing all titles heretofore used. for the Grand National Assembly; and in the com- Not only have they discarded such titles as Pasha, ing elections for members of this parliament, we Hodja, Hadji, etc., but even the lowly Bey and shall probably see many women voting, and per- Efendi, which were no more than the equivalent haps a few elected to seats. One thing is certain, of mister; and Hanum, which was applied to all in general education women have made wonderwomen, old or young, married or unmarried. Such ful strides in these past ten years, so that perhaps titles, according to Turkish custom, were placed they are as well prepared to be electors as the after the name. Now, they are all dropped and average of the men. ancient Turkish words for Mr. and Mrs. (or Miss) – Bay and Bayan – are being adopted. The revolutionary-evolutionary process also in- These, moreover, are to be placed before and not cludes progressive steps in the development of the after the name. The military titles of Mushir and Turkish language. Further spelling reforms are Pasha must also now be replaced by Marshal and being introduced, which are real improvements General. So that Ismet Pasha becomes General over the system as first adopted six years ago. Ismet Inonii; and Halide Hanum becomes Bayan A commission is at work discovering and listing Halide, while Ali Efendi is Bay Ali. For a time for adoption hundreds of old Turkish words in this may lead to confusion; but in the end it will place of foreign words thus far in common use mean a great simplification. Some may like to see for very common things. Even highly educated in this a further indication of Russian influence Turks find this sudden bringing back into use of -like the universal adoption of "Comrade" and terms long rare and provincial, or even obsolete the abolition of titles of nobility. for centuries, most confusing. In their eagerness for a pure Turkish, these scholars are far more But perhaps the new ordinance that has caused anxious to get rid of Persian and Arabic terms the deepest sorrow to the heart fond of the ancient than of French or German ones; and the ordinary traditions and customs of the Turk, is the sweep- newspaper today, while it is very particular to ing abolition of traditionally Turkish music or avoid certain words of the former type, will have dozens of European words in every column. music ala Turque. On pipe and lute, the familiar In this connection it is providential that the new airs in a peculiar minor key which have held many translation of the Bible into modern Turkish, now in progress and of which certain parts have been a coffeehouse group spellbound, and have formed issued in tentative form, will take some years yet part of the entertainment at countless firesides, before it is ready for print; for by that time we are now forbidden to be played over the radio, or may hope ttl see a bit more of stability in the ,voto be used at any public gathering. This does not cabulary and spelling of Turkish words. Every effort will be made to keep up to the minute with for the present ban them in private homes; but it official changes, which have a distinct influence on puts the stamp of official disapproval on this brand the Turkish attitude toward all foreign ideas and of music. Typical Turkish music knows no four- customs, and a bearing on Christian missionary parts, or harmony of the European sort. Its work.

rhythm-often alternating measures of four and five beats-is weird; its minor key, resembling the

Turkey's Predicament*

-~I~=======B=Y=D=R=.=C=H=A=RL==E=S=C=.=M=O==Rru==S=O=N======~1I~ T HE government of Turkey is in form a re- Ataturk is unqualified. His support does not rest public; in reality it is a dictatorship. Its on force, though of course force is in the back- undisputed head is Mustafa Kemal Ataturk, ground; but the people's mood is spontaneous and the president of the republic. There is a parlia- genuine. They are grateful to him for saving the ment of one chamber, called the Grand National country from Greek domination and the domina- Assembly, which debates and passes laws, but it tion of the great powers. They recognize in him is strictly under the dictator's control. Its mem- a military genius and trust his devotion to the na- bership is determined by him through the one- tion's well-being. They support the reforms he party system which insures that the candidates has already instituted-even the abolishing of the selected by the party chiefs and approved by the fez caused a minimum of murmuring. If he does dictator will be elected. The members are allowed not become too ruthless in his collision with to debate certain measures upon which the gov- Islamic habits and institutions, the people will ernment is neutral, and to vote freely upon such tolerate his reforms and follow him. There is no measures, but measures considered vital by the clamor for a more real democracy. Sympathetic government are not debated, and there is no di- outsiders see a dictatorship in some form as in- vision in the voting. evitable for Turkey, and they would rather have Ankara, the capital, is a new city, in many Ataturk than a sultan or a Stalin.

respects, like far western American cities. The Assuming that the new regime is successful and government has established here a score of insti- attains its objective, what sort of society will it tutions for training a new generation of leaders produce-a communistic or a capitalistic society, in every type of economic and cultural need-agri- or something else? There is in the dictator's culture, industry, pedagogy, music, liberal arts, regime a minimum of economic dogma. The lead- various sciences, plant pathology, business admin- ers hold no brief for capitalism, though so far istration, accounting, stenography, and others. there has been no mortal wound inflicted upon it.

Thousands of students are drawn to Ankara from On the other hand, they are not afraid of doing every part of the nation and given free instruc- things which are characteristically communistic tion and free board and dormitory. Such students (or socialistic). The railroads and the banks are are under oontract to go, at the end of their train- owned (or controlled) and run by the government.

ing period, wherever they may be sent, with sup- The government is doing practically all the in- port but without salary, for a period of five years, dustrial developing that is being done. The lead- to teach locally the things in which they have been ers deny that this is socialism. It is looked upon trained at the government's expense. Thus the as necessity; it is common sense! If there is to government hopes to "rationalize" the economic be any industrial development in Turkey, the gov- life of Turkey and to quicken its cultural aspira- ernment must mother it and operate it, for the tions. The Minister of Foreign Affairs, Dr. Tevfik very good reason that no one else can!

Riishtii Aras, is also president of the assembly of Turkey is poor. From the background of the the League of Nations. United States or Germany or even Italy, it is un- Americans and other foreigners, missionaries believably poor. It is predominantly agricultural and foreign business men, the Turks themselves, and even its agriculture is deflated. There is no officials, highly responsible citizens, and the man industry, in the modern sense. There are, in rough in the street, all tell essentially the same story as figures, 7,000 "industrial workers" in Turkey; there are 4,000 "factories." This means that the to matters of fact. so-called "factories" are for the most part one- man shops, most of them in the homes. It will be There is little criticism of the form of govern- clear, therefore, that the economic problem which ment. For the present stage of Turkey's develop- Turkey faces in bringing herself abreast of modment, it seems that no better form of government ern nations is tremendous. This lack of industrial could be devised. The popularity of President • Condensed from The Christian Century, June 19, 1935. development in Turkey greatly simplifies the eco- [403 ]

nomic problem on its theoretical side. There is market, a dumping ground for European manuonly one thing to be done – put the collective factured goods. She paid for these goods by her wealth of the people-that is the government- agricultural products, by the marvelous treasures behind a program for the creation of industry. of art which had been accumulated through the While you are doing this very socialistic thing, centuries of her own imperial prosperity, by her you can pass laws, and vigorously enforce them, woven things like rugs and tapestries into whose prohibiting socialistic or communistic propa- creation millions of hours of human toil was put ganda; you can do this without inconsistency be- at the most cruel of starvation wages, and by the cause the propaganda of any kind of economic piling up of a vast pyramid of debt to other nadogma only tends to clutter the necessitarian tions which only put her the more helplessly at the policy of the government. mercy of the vultures. Thus Turkey's impoverish- ment was made complete. Mustafa Kemal's prob- There is but little radical agitation and little lem was to turn a mere market, a dumping ground, likelihood of it, or of its opposite. The govern- into a self-respecting and self-supporting econment's assumption of the industrial burden is not omy. He and his regime are working at the probopposed by industrialists, for there are none; nor lem with true patriotism. by "labor," for there is none! That is to say, the Kemalist government can use its common sense in LAWRENCE OF AFRICA* developing industry, and will meet with no resistance such as is met in America or in any coun- Everyone has heard of "Lawrence of Arabia" try where industry has become a vested private (whose death has saddened the British Empire), interest and labor has become class conscious and but there is a Lawrence of Africa whose advenorganized. This simplifies the problem for the tures have been equally thrilling. Dr. William T. Kemalist regime. Lawrence has spent thirty-four years in the East Africa Mission of the American Board and speaks But it is easier tl} introduce collectivism in a with a smile of the hazards of living where lions society that has no machine industry, and it is and leopards lurk in the grass; where cobras pay more difficult to make that collective industry a social calls and where swarms of red locusts, four practical success. Machinery has to be procured inches long, sometimes take half a day to pass a from other countries. Materials for the construc- given spot, and break off branches of trees when tion of plants must also be imported, as well as they settle down on them. many raw materials for the manufacturing of commodities. How will you procure. this ma- Better roads have meant the difference between chinery and these materials? You can buy them. life and death to the kindly dispositioned Ndaus Yes, and how will you pay for them? Only by of this country. When Dr. Lawrence first went the export of your own agricultural products. But to Africa he traveled on foot, then on horseback, other countries, with a few exceptions, are not in on bicycle, motorcycle and now by auto. great need of your agricultural products – they have their own. Not only so, but in order to pro- We who live where a ring on the 'phone brings tect their own agriculture against competition, a doctor quickly, and where an ambulance rushes they have erected high tariff walls to keep yours a sufferer to a well-equipped hospital, cannot conout. And so your industrial program, backed by ceive the plight of thousands in Africa. For exthe unqualified collective good will of the nation, ample, a mother with a baby on her back, trying cannot even get started. to carry home a bag of grain, slips down a wet bank and breaks her thigh. What can she do but This is Turkey's predicament. Here success lie in agony? largely depends upon securing some degree of cooperation from other nations. She has effected Lions and leopards are particularly dangerous, certain trading arrangements with Germany and often roaring around the spring that supplies a Russia, but these, while better than nothing, are village with water, so that no one dare approach. all onesidedly unfavorable to Turkey and are quite Once they have tasted human blood these animals insufficient for the realization of her industrial are for all time "man eaters." The deadliest repaspirations. Responsible men whenever they ap- tile is the cobra, but another is the puff adder. proach the question of trade relations with 'other The amambla attacks without warning and death countries, see that their whole program depends ensues if tts poison reaches the blood stream. upon overcoming the economic isolation of Turkey. Dr. Lawrence not only has a hospital under his Kemal had on his hands a Turkey which was, care, but the health supervision of more than 400 economically, at least one hundred years behind boys and girls in mission schools; the training of the rest of Europe. Other countries had some natives in first aid and frequent trips through degree of industrial development; Turkey had jungles to outstation schools. none. Turkey had been a market, nothing but a * C'ondellseil from The Mi$$ionary H erakl.

Islam's Debt to the

_."'Ii! By SAMUEL M. ZWEMER, Princeton, N. J.

Editor of "The Moslem World"

JEREMIAH the prophet draws a clear distinc- Rome, have written books on the subject, prov- tion between false and true teaching, between ing their thesis by a wealth of new evidence. the revelation of God and the muttering of We notice that the influence of the Bible on self-deceived prophets, comparing them to the Islam began in the very life of its founder and his wheat and the chaff. (Jeremiah xxiii). This sharp family. Mohammed was, in a sense, the illegiti- contrast with the climax, in which he asserts that mate child of the Oriental Church, and Islam is a the Word of God is a fire and a hammer that Christian heresy. Two of Mohammed's wives were breaks the rock in pieces, reminds us of the phrase Christians. His cousin, Waraka, read the Hebrew of Karl Barth, "The Word of God or the word of Scriptures, and Khadijah, his first wife, was per- man." haps a Jewess. It is even held that Mohammed There are many voices on religion, but only one himself could read and write and that he heard Revelation. There have been many prophets, but parts of the Gospel read by Christians. So in only one Saviour. That is the eternal issue. "The many and mysterious ways the truth of God bored grass withereth, the flower fadeth, but the word its way from within.

of God abideth forever." Our New Testament is From the first the Bible, directly and iJildirectly, the supreme textbook of missions. The basis, the has exerted its power and has changed Islam. This aim, the goal, the motives, the triumphs of mis- is true, for example, in Moslem mysticism, which sions are what they are because God has spoken owes so much to early Christian teaching. Then once for all. In the last analysis all the sacred there was the influence of apostates, Christian books of the non-Christian religions are a chal- wives of Mohammedans, and Christian slaves who lenge to the supremacy, the finality, and the suf- embraced Islam. The traditions are in a measure ficiency of God's Word. the table-talk of these people who told what they This is especially true of Islam, for it is the only knew and did not know of the Gospel.

great religion that came after Christianity, and Christ, even though portrayed only in caricature the only one which has supplanted it in some parts in the Koran, cannot be hid. The light that was of the world. When Mohammed was born in under the bushel has burned the bushel! The fire 571 A. D., the New Testament had already ap- smouldered for centuries, then burst into flame.

peared in six translations: Syriac (Peshito) , Therefore today we see the result, and are face to Latin (Vulgate), Gothic, Armenian, Coptic, and face with a new situation, new toleration, and' new Ethiopian versions. Thus there were two versions manifestations of God's Providence in the history for Africa, two for Asia, and two for Europe. But of Islam. One example is the beautiful Mosque of it is the tragedy of the Near East that no version Santa Sophia in Istanbul (Constantinople), which existed in Arabic and that Arabia became the was built in 537 A. D., under Justinian, and for cradle of Islam through this neglect. nine hundred years was a Christian Church. In In the old city of Mecca and in sight of the the fifteenth century it was made a mosque and sacred Kaaba (where three Yemen Arabs recent- the precious mosaics were covered with plaster.

ly attempted to assassinate Ibn Saoud), Moham- Recently this plaster has been removed and the med gave out the Koran which professed to be a building restored to its original condition-not as new revelation from God, supplanting that of a Christian church, it is true, but as a museum.

Jesus Christ our Lord; from that day, down the Yet here the stones cry out to the Moslem visitor, centuries, the Koran has captured the tongues and proclaiming the "Old, Old Story," in symbolism minds and hearts of 250,000,000 people. In the and mosaic art-Jesus Christ, Good Shepherd, the Philippine Islands, under the American flag, there Alpha and Omega and the glory of His Cross and are 557,000 Moslems, and in India 77,800,000. resurrection victory.

Islam arose out of a Christian and Jewish en~ The Koran itself bears clear testimony to the vironment. Present-day scholarship is agreed that Bible. Other sacred books have no reference to the best elements in its dogma and ethics are due the Gospel or to Jesus Christ. But Mohammed to Nestorian Christianity. Professors Bell of Glas- could not escape Him. This is one of the most gow, Tor Andrae of Upsala, and Lammens of remarkable facts in the study of the non-Christian [405 ]

religions. Sir William Muir has collated all of tongue of the common people which men despised, these references and commented on their character he recreated the German language and the Gerand significance. There are 131 passages alto- man nation. When Tyndale and Coverdale gave gether, 65 of the Mecca period and 66 of the the Bible to England, they perpetuated the faith Medina period in the Prophet's life. The Old and of the Bible not only, but made its vocabulary and New Testament are highly spoken of as God's style penetrate and permeate English literature. earlier revelation and as "containing light and Shakespeare, Tennyson, and Browning are exguidance for the pious." amples.

Moslem Tradition About Jesus So when Dr. Cornelius Van Dyck and Eli Smith a century ago ended their "work of faith and labor Add to this fact the influence of the Bible on of love and patience of hope," translating the Bible Mohammedan tradition. There are six great page by page and verse by verse into the Arabic standard works numbering tens of thousands of tongue, they ushered in an era far more important pages. That vast, heterogeneous collection of laws than any dynasty or any change in governments and customs, of folk-lore and story, resembles the in the Moslem world, because they gave to 50,- Jewish Talmud. But in one respect it is very dif- 000,000 Arabic-speakhig folk the Word of God in ferent. Jesus is dishonored in the Talmud and a matchless translation. There is a proverb curwas cast out of the Ghetto. He is crowned and en- rent at Damascus, "Al 'Arabiya la tatanassar" shrined in the pages of the Koran. As Goldziher ("Verily, the Arabic language will never be Chrishas shown, the early Moslems borrowed very tianized") . But they no longer use it. Not only largely from the New Testament to build up the has the Arabic tongue been Christianized in an form and content of their faith. They spoke of excellent Bible translation, but there have been Jesus as a great prophet and miracle-worker. Then modern Christian poets and writers who have they took their colors from a Christian paint-box wielded this language with tremendous powerto portray Mohammed-his character, his sayings, Dr. Andrew Watson and Dr. Hogg, in Egypt; his ethics. Al Ghazali, the great theologian of the Dr. Jessup, Dr. Post, and Nasif-al-Yazigi, in eleventh century, is an example in his frequent Syria; Gairdner and Upson and Ibrahim Saeed, references to Jesus' teaching. Again and again he in Cairo; Dr. George Ford, of Sidon; and Miss says, "I have read in the Gospel."* Trotter, of Algiers. The Christian literature of the Cairo and the Beirut press finds its taproot in Now remember that for thirteen centuries these the Scriptures, and has gone to all parts of the pictures and stories of Jesus and about Jesus have Moslem world. circulated in the world of Islam. It is as if an advertising firm had circulated cheap and gaudy New Testament Influence prints of the Sistine Madonna, not at all a true representa.tion, but still calling attention to the Take another example. On the cover of an great original. In fact, the Koran references have led many toward Christ. Professor Mohammed Albanian translation of the Koran there is a re- Ismail, of Lahore, once told me of three things in the Koran which led him to Christ: the fact that production of an old German picture of Christ and all men are sinners; that Jesus Christ as pictured in the Koran is sinless; and that those who want the two disciples on their way to Emmaus. But to learn more about Jesus must read the Injil, the Gospel. the title reads: "Mohammed, Abu Bakr and Ali on Again the Bible in present-day literature and Their Way to Mecca"! So even Christian art is the press is more influential than ever before. It has been translated into all the languages of Islam being adopted by Moslems! and circulated everywhere. It is the hammer of God, more powerful than that of Charles Martel The leading Turkish novelist, Yakoob Qadri, on the battlefield of Tours. Missionaries were the first to capture the magnificent vehicle of the states that he owes his style to the Bible, and he is Arabic tongue for Christ, as Mohammed once used it to proclaim his religion. When Ulfilas, the great criticized in the press for using a Christian vomedieval missionary, came to Northern Europe he put the Bible into the language of the people, and cabulary. The leading Moslem poet of Egypt, the appropriated the Gothic tongue for Jesus Christ. When Martin Luther made the Scriptures use the late Shauket Bey, found much of the motif for • AI! the passages are given in full In chapter Ix of Zwemer's his national poetry in the New Testament. The A Moslem Seeker After God. Revell & Co. 1920. daily press of Cairo affords many other interest- ing examples. .

Sirdar Iqbal Ali Shah in his book, published in 1933, called Lights of Asia, writes of the precious blood of Christ in the words of a fundamentaHst: Whatever modernists may think about the Blood, God esteems it very precious. Saith the Word: "The blood is the life" (Deut. 12: 23). "Without shedding of blood is no remission" (Heb. 9: 22). "It is the Blood that maketh atonement for the soul" (Lev. 17: 11). God commendeth Hif; love to us, in that while we were yet sinners, Christ died for us.

WHAT YOUNG TURKS THINK OF MOHAMMED

And this from the pen of an Afghan Moslem prison. What a book is the Word of God! It abideducated in England! eth forever. It is God's spiritual dynamite in the hands of converts in India and Persia and North Think of the ever~increasing circulation of the Africa. Century follows century; the Bible re- Scriptures in Persia, Arabia, Moslem India, and mains the same. Empires rise and fall and are Egypt! Holy places which less than twenty years forgotten; it abides. Dynasty succeeds dynasty; ago could be visited only in stealth by Christian it rules hearts. Kings are crowned and unworkers now receive the Word openly-among crowned; it remains the same. Its enemies dethem Kerbela, Nejf, Qum, Riadh, Hail, and even cree its extermination; but it lives on. Taif, the neighboring city of Mecca. It is a seed that takes root and bears fruit in "So is the kingdom of God as if a man should every soil; an anvil that has broken a million cast seed into the ground," said our Master . . . hammers; a light that shines on "till the sun and then it brings forth "automatically." This grows old anq the stars are cold, and the leaves of Greek word is also used of the iron doors that the Judgment Book unfold." swung back when Peter was released from his What Young Turks Think of Mohammed* An Open Letter to Mohammed -"I By ERNST MAX HOPPE, Sofia, Bulgaria 1j;t- ~==========================~ "Well then, do you ever teach yourself, you teacher of religion is spiritual, a faith, a conviction. What! should other people ? You preach against stealing; do you steal? the faith or the conviction of a Moslem, or a faithful one You forbid adultery; do you commit adultery? You de- be in danger? It is not possible to take away the faith of test idols; do you rob temples? You pride yourself on another. the Law; do you dishonor God by your breaches of the Law? Why, it is owing to you that the name of God is Yes, something is in danger; but it is not religion. maligned among the Gentiles, as Scripture says! Circum- It is the interests of those who, under the name of Dercision is certainly of use, provided you keep the Law; but vishes and Hodjas, exploit the masses that are in danger, if you are a breaker of the Law, then your circumcision is and that in the name of Allah. It is these interests that turned into uncircumcision." Romans 2: 21-25 (Moffat's are in danger. Islam does not consider prayer as intranslation) . trinsically necessary where there is no water, nor is a mosque necessary for worship. Actually no true Moslem Jesus said: "Come to me, aU who are laboring and needs this disgusting class of intermediaries between God burdened, and I will refresh you." Matthew 11 : 28 (Mof- and men. The more the land progresses, the more does fatt's translation). this class lose its means of livelihood, for its religion con- sists only in material profit. CONCERNING Mohammed – his life, his times, his mission, his wars, his ostensible In late years there has been no lack of Turkish miracles and acts-many books have been voices that betray a search after a new religion written in the occident. The thing which has been and that rebel against Islam. Among them the interesting me more and more, while living in the following "Open Letter to Mohammed" is worthy Orient, was to investigate the present-day opin- of notice. The letter is a cry of the awakened ions concerning Mohammed and his teachings, young Turkish generation in these modern times. that engage the Moslem nations and peoples them- It appeared in the Stambul periodical Gendsh Diisselves, who formerly played an important part as hiindshiiler (Thoughts of the Young) and was pioneers in the spread of the Mohammedan faith. printed in three issues of the paper. I am quot- ing it unabridged in translation, as follows: The Turkish paper Aksham, in. Stambul, once published the following item about Islam in Open Letter to the Prophet Mohammed Turkey: o Apostle! In Turkish history the cry, "Religion is in dangerl" is well known. Ever and again, whenever this country has Thou must tell us the reasons why these decrees of the taken a further step toward civilization, this cry, "Religion Hodjas and MoUas (the religious leaders and teachers of (Islam) is in dangerl" has been heard. Islam) are so entirely unknown, although they have had an important influence for centuries upon the destinies Religion, as all people know, is not anything material, and the politics of the nation. which one can see or touch. Like all other hallowed things, Thou hast forbidden the worship of images and hast • Article translated by Dr. C. Theodore Benze, Philadelphia. even betrayed the worshipers of idols and images. But

notwithstanding, thy representatives have worshiped only within you, that I too belong to that class of dark scounthe external forms of thy work and have desecrated them drels, who use this world to build up the future world, for more than thirteen hundred years. Is it not an for I know very well, that unless an earthquake will shake abominable setting-up of idols, to kiss the pages of the that old building-a pile of stones and earth-whose sole Koran, to go into the wilderness of Arabia, to imperil value consists in its antiquity-it will not tremble. one's life there, to offer up money, in order to visit the four sid~ of the holy shrine (the Kaaba at Mecca) and o Apostle! to conceal one's hypocrisy under the cover of a pilgrimage? How can we deny this? Because thy softas, who forbid The Kaaba did not tremble when foreign unbelievers such a beautiful art as pictures and music, as being contrary to thy holy law, defend sheer idolatry. tried in their drunkenness to tread down thy building with If thou hadst had such a powerful spirituality distrib- their polished shoes. Why did not the heavens burst under uted over all the world, as thou hast a philosophy and ideas, thou wouldst surely not approve these things with these desecrations? Thy lazy softas always explained, a seeming approval. "No unbeliever may enter the Kaaba, the holy temple in Further yet! Does not thy silence express a clear approval? Let not thy silence be abused here, 0 Apostle of Mecca. Upon such desecration the suns will fall from God. Let it not be abused, because under the mysterious protection of thy holy law, the softas (perhaps holy for heaven in fiery masses and destroy the earth with fire." thee, but for us only disgusting cowardly rascals) commit hundreds and thousands of crimes and hypocrisies. Never- And yet the boots of the unbelievers trod the temple at theless they ascribe all their acts to thee and thy holy law. Mecca and committed all kinds of abominations under its o Mohammed, holy law-giver, is not in this case thy shadow. But nothing fell from heaven and nowhere did silence an approval? the earth quake. . o Apostle! With thy permission I will tell thee something and in- Did not the Kalifs, thy so-called rep.resentatives, and the form thee of a fact that will really make thee tremble. softas and the sheik-ul-islam, who worked in thy name, Thy softas with their great turbans, waving garments commit for centuries, following thy example, those abom- and fat necks, raised their heads and uttered prayers that inations of the harem, for which the whole civilized world thy sanctuaries and theirs should be trampled down. They and all humanity was aroused? All those corruptions and prayed to Allah for the slavery of Islam. Why? Because heinous deeds, which merely to name is a disgrace to the the unbelievers brought money. Is not gold a religion, human name and civilization, and which are hearths of the creed and the faith of them all? infection in a large community, thy hodjas call "Punna" (i. e., holy practices), enjoined by thee. More yet! The o Apostle! Kalifs and Softas, who for so many centuries could secure the perpetuation of their pleasures and their rascality, by How shall I make it known that even thy enemies are depriving these orphans of martyrdom of the last they ashamed because of the spiritual downfall of thy reprehave, call this thing "thy holy punna"! sentatives. But thy softas are never ashamed for this! Does thou see it now, 0 Apostle of God? o Apostle! Thou who sawest no wrong in adding several captured women to thy harem after thy warlike expeditions, thou Suppose we draw a dark curtain over all this and see hast approved of the abominations of these hodjas, softas it no more. We have already drawn a curtain and see and kalifs. And thou hast even made them legal by the nothing more of the abominations of thy softas, nor hear marriage rite. their sermons. Weare only suffering from the wounds of the past. Since thou hast been example and pattern for them, thou hast taught as a holy custom the marriage of I know not But what wilt thou do? Thou who hast always promhow many women with men, who did not even have the ised righteousness, uprightness, prosperity and happiness ability to earn their daily bread. Thou hast taught that by thy religion and thy laws! these things are meritorious actions in the sight of God and so thou hast been the cause of thousands, yea millions What wilt thou do, since that which the unbelieving of family tragedies. Thou didst cause that millions of could not do, in spite of their endeavors, in order to exchildren roamed abandoned in the streets and became terminate thy people during the last thirteen centuries, criminals, swindlers and voluptuaries. thy softas and sheiks have succeeded in doing, namely dragging down this poor Turkish nation into that deep Did not thy temple in Mecca tremble when thy soul did whirlpool, only because it adhered to thy religion! Benot do so? But do not let my words awake the thought cause hodjas and softas held the fort from within. The evil that the unbelievers were unable to accomplish, they did with pomp and delight.

And thou stoodest there as an unconcerned spectator and gavest approval to all the evil deeds and wickedness of these men! So many years, yea centuries did we wait for the promised Redeemer! We waited for Gog and Magog! No deliverer appeared. We even prayed for the deceiver to come; but alas! he too did not come to help us!

KUMANDAN OGLU KASIM TEVFIK.

This eighth chapter of Paul's "Letter to the Romans" gives us some conception of God's dealing with His children. The Spirit takes the little child of God, and leads him to the Fa- ther; then, as he approaches, and is a little timid, the Spirit of God whispers to him, just like. a mother: "Now, do not be afraid, remember that He is your Father" witnessing with our spirit that we are the children of God, and teaching us to say, "Abba, Father." Then as we approach God, and try to put before Him our requests, and do not exactly know how, the Spirit takes up the inperfect prayer and says, "Father, this is what the child really wants." Thus He interprets our desires in his own dialect in the Father's ears. ARTHUR T. PIERSON.

Is a Faith Mission?*

By REV. ROBERT HALL GROVER, M.D., D.D., Philadelphia Home Director of the China Inland Mission THE name "Faith Mission" was not chosen or undertaking for the evangelization of inland assumed by Missions which have come to be China. Thus was born-by the Spirit of God, but so designated. Rather was it given them by through the travail of the soul of His servant-the others on account of their distinctive policy and China Inland Mission.

practice regarding financial support. Nothing is But how was such a new enterprise to be sup- more remote from the mind of such Missions than ported? Every Board already carrying on mis- that they have any monopoly upon faith, or that sion work depended for its support upon the they necessarily exhibit any greater faith than churches of its own denomination. Mr. Taylor Missions of a different order. Keenly conscious was quite unwilling that a single shilling should oftentimes of the lack or frailty of their own faith, be diverted from these existing missionary chan- they take humbly the position of looking to God nels. More than this, he felt the importance of alone for the financial needs of their Christ-ap- safeguarding his new undertaking from any just pointed tasks. criticism on this ground. Accordingly he cove- The oldest Mission of this type today, and still nanted with God that he would solicit nothing much the largest in the number of its workers from man, whether publicly or privately, but and the extent of its work, is the China Inland would tell the needs of the new work only to the Mission. Begun in 1865, this Mission is just Lord in prayer and look to Him alone for its about to celebrate its Seventieth Anniversary. support.

Brought into being unquestionably by God, its In this spirit of implicit faith he walked into a human founder was Hudson Taylor, whose name London bank, and with ten pounds (fifty dollars) has become well-known throughout the Christian -all the money he possessed-opened an account world. . . . He had spent seven years in China, in the hitherto unheard-of name of the China Inand although he was compelled to return to Eng- land Mission. Fifty dollars to begin the task of land in broken health, the burden of China's un- evangelizing four hundred millions of Chinese on evangelized millions continued to weigh heavily the other side of the globe-what an absurdity! upon his heart. He thought of China by day; he Yet not so, for it was fifty dollars p~us God! And dreamed of it by night. And little wonder, when so wonderfully did God set His seal upon this attiwe stop to think of China's spiritual condition at tude and action of faith on the part of His humble that time! More than half a century since the servant that in the succeeding seventy years, as beginning of Protestant mission work in that the Mission has maintained unaltered its original land, and still there were only fifteen stations in financial policy and practice, approximately $26,- the whole Empire, all of them along the coast, 000,000 have passed through its treasury and been eleven out of eighteen provinces yet unentered and used in its work. Its first party of missionaries, lying in utter spiritual darkness, a mere handful eighteen in number, left England in the sailing of missionaries, and actually only 350 evangelical vessel Lammermuir on May 26, 1866. Such has Chinese Christians among 400,000,000 heathen! been the growth of the Mission through the suc- Mr. Taylor made the rounds of all the Mission ceeding years that its missionary staff now num- Boards in London that had work in China, and bers 1,368. These workers, together with nearly pleaded earnestly with each one to undertake a 4,000 Chinese colleagues, occupy 344 stations and penetration of the interior, but no Board saw its 2,000 outstations, distributed over all but three of way to respond. Finally, on a Sunday morning in China's provinoes and also her vast adjoining de- June, 1865, he fiung himself upon the sands of pendencies to the north and west. Brighton Beach . . . and cried to God in behalf of China. Then it was that God spoke and this It was not long before this new type of misgodly young servant of His received a never-to-be- sionary undertaking for China began to be duplidoubted divine call and commission to begin a new cated in behalf of other needy fields, and thus, one after another, new "inland" enterprises were • Condensed from ReVelation, Philadelphia, April, 1935. launched, such as the Africa Inland Mission, the [409 ]

Inland South America Missionary Union, the one to produce facts to prove the contrary. . . . Sudan Interior Mission, and so on. The list of such societies working in foreign lands has now Evangelistic missionaries, far from being mere grown to twenty or thirty. While these have no propagandists, are the ones in every mission field organic relation to one another, each being a sep- who are living closest to the people, who know arate entity, and while as to their organization their needs and problems most intimately, and and administration, and even their financial meth- who along every practical line are filling the role ods, there are differences in detail, yet in the main of the Good Samaritan toward them. For evi- they are patterned along the same lines and as a dence of this fact one need only point to the China group have come to be spoken of as "Faith Mis- Inland Mission as an illustration, with its 16 hos- sions." For purposes of spiritual fellowship, pitals, 106 dispensaries and 328 schools, its opium prayer and conference over common problems, refuges, leper asylums and orphanages, its spe- and mutual helpfulness in every practicable way, cial work for the blind, the deaf and dumb, the . a number of these societies on this continent are aged and infirm, and the victims of domestic now linked together in a purely fraternal union slavery, as well as the leading and costly part it known as the Interdenominational Foreign Mis- has taken, year after year, in relief work for suf- sion Association of North America. ferers from famine, flood, and pestilence. This is equally true of the other Missions of this class Distinctive Convictions of Faith Missions laboring in other fields. Yet none of these Mis- sions thinks for a moment of apologizing for the 1. As to financial support, they do not solicit fact that all such ministries in behalf of the funds or pursue popular methods of raising physical, temporal and moral welfare of the peo- money, but look to the Lord in faith and prayer ple are ever held subservient and made contribu- for the supply of the means to carryon their work. tory to the primary aim of seeking the salvation They do not go into debt or borrow money. Their of lost souls. . . . workers are not guaranteed fixed stipends, but all unite as a family in trusting God for their tem- We are of the opinion that any Christianity poral needs and accepting what He is pleased to which does not find practical expression in daily send them through the voluntary gifts of His peo- life is not the real article but only a spurious imi- ple. All share alike financially, no distinction be- tation. The Gospel which every evangelical mis- ing made on the ground of age, length of service, sionary preaches is something that prov,es its or position in the work. power by making those who embrace it better men and women, whether as sons and daughters or 2. As to doctrinal position, firm insistence is parents, as workmen or employers, as citizens or laid upon sound evangelical belief. No worker is rulers of the State. Nor do we know of any other accepted or retained who does not unequivocally potent means of lifting society to a higher and hold all the great cardinal truths of the historic purer level, and of making human relationships Christian faith with reference to the Bible, the what they ,ought to be, apart from the winning of person and work of Christ, the lost condition of individuals through this Gospel to a new life in man and his need of spiritual regeneration. These Christ the Saviour. Missions firmly hold that the old Gospel is the only Gospel, and they are absolutely opposed to 4. As to missionary policy, stress is ever laid "modernism" in any degree. by these Missions upon wholly unoccupied fields and unreached areas in fields already entered. 3. As to missionary method, these Missions They believe that the true objective in missions unite in the conviction that the terms of our Lord's is the evangelization of all men, rather than the Great Commission make the preaching of the conversion of anyone favored section or the edu- Gospel the primary and central task of missions cation of anyone preferred class. As set forth for all time. . . . In accord with these instruc- in the account given in Acts fifteen of that first tions, direct and aggressive evangelism was given great missionary conference of the Christian the central place in the missionary program of the Church, convened at Jerusalem, God is in this New Testament Church, and with attendant re- period of time-from Christ's ascension to His sults transcending those of any succeeding gen- Second Coming-"visiting the Gentile nations, to eration. In the face of the disposition today in take out of them a people for His Name." The some missionary circles to disparage and discard true ambition of the missionary today should evangelism in favor of a more popular program of therefore be what Paul's ambition was in his day, social service, higher education, and other things, "to preach the Gospel where Christ was not we boldly assert that the substitution of any other named" (1 Cor. 15: 20), or "in the regions be- policy or program of work has signally failed in yond" (2 Cor. 10: 16), inspired by the hope of achieving anything like equal returns for the reaching the last unevangelized region and tribe energy and money expended. We challenge any- on earth, and winning the last souls to complete

19351 DRAWING ON THE CHIEF TREASURER

the church, or "ecclesia" (called-out company), goodness that this testimony has been given. He which must be made ready for her Lord's return. has condescended to use these most imperfect and It is the consistent aim and endeavor of these unworthy agencies in some measure to carry out Missions ever to be pushing on into new territory His purposes and to show forth His faithfulness and reaching with the Gospel those who have and power. May He be pleased to use what has never had a chance to hear it. The China Inland been written to call forth more prayer both for Mission, for example, has within the last five years these Missions and also for all others that are actually opened and occupied eighty-two new striving to obey the Great Commission by taking centers in China as a part of its Forward Move- the Gospel of salvation to all those for whom the ment. Eight of these new points are in distant Saviour died!

Sinkiang (Chinese Turkestan) and on the borders of Tibet and Mongolia, while others are among the DRAWING ON THE CHIEF TREASURER* primitive hill tribes on the remote frontier of Burma. No less marked and worthy advances Is Christ the chief Treasurer who supplies the (although less familiar to the writer) have been missionary funds? Practically there is a wide made by other pioneer Missions into hitherto neg- difference of opinion upon this point.

lected areas in South and Central America, in "And Prudence sat over against the treasury, Nigeria, Abyssinia, the French Sudan and other watching the expenditures, to see that Faith did parts of Africa, in the Netherland East Indian not overdraw her account," would fairly state the archipelago, and in still other sections of the mis- financial method of many missionary committees.

sionary world. . . . "Faith in t~e work of preaching the Gospel, in- While much more could be written about the so- deed, but in administering the missionary ex- called Faith Missions, enough has perhaps been chequer, sound business principles, if you please."

said to set forth their more distinctive common So we have often heard it, and we do not dispute features. It may be well to add a few words the wisdom of the saying.

about the question of missionary reinforcements But we are conducting the King's business, let in the light of the present grave economic. situa- it be remembered, and in its transactions are no tion. . . . They (the "Faith Missions") have overdrafts of faith ever allowable? May the never concluded that their continuance or advance promises of God never be taken as collateral in need be gauged by prevailing financial conditions. this business? Is the Lord's servant forbidden to If God wants a certain work done, He is surely hypothecate the bonds of the everlasting covenant well able to provide the necessary means, whether as a security for a missionary contract when he little or much, and in times of prevailing plenty has no funds in the bank? The enterprise of misor stringency alike. If the work in hand demands sions is peculiarly the Lord's work and as such reinforcements for its effective advance and com- has guarantors and guarantees back of any that pletion, and offers of service come from those who are human.

give clear evidence, after thorough and prayerful The paradox, "Verum est quia impossibilia," consideration, of being called and fitted of God which Tertullian uttered concerning doctrine, it for such work, then would it not be contradictory is time for us boldly to apply to action, saying, "It to the very principle of faith upon which these is practicable because it is impossible," for, under Missions were founded to decide to decline such the dispensation of the Spirit, our ability is no applicants from fear or misgiving as to whether longer the measure of our responsibility. "The financial supplies will continue sufficient? Rather things which are impossible with men are poshas their policy and procedure been to accept such sible with God," and therefore possible for us who approved new recruits, and to look to the Lord have been united to God through faith. with them in prayer land faith for the provision of the necessary fundi" as a seal of His approval. Since the Hoty Spirit has been given, it is not sufficient for the servant to say to his Master, "I In this way the China Inland Mission during the ;:tm doing as well as I can," for now he is bound six years of depression has sent out over 500 new to do better than he can. Should ~*I;New York workers without curtailing the support of the merchant summon his commercial agent.in Bosexisting work and workers, and has thereby made ton to come to him as quickly as possible, would possible the most marked advance a,nd develop- he be satisfied if that agent were to arrive at the mentof its work in its whole history. Substantial end of a week, footsore and weary from walking reinforcements have also been sent out, and no- the entire distance, with the excuse, "I came as table field advances made, by other Missions of the quickly as I could"? With swift steamer or railsame group. It is with a spirit deeply humbled by an over- way express at his disposal, would he not be bound whelming sense of the Lord's exceeding grace and • From The Alliance Weekly.

to come more quickly than he could? And so, condition for attempting great things for God, with the power of Christ as our resource, and His we shall be disappointed; for that is not believing riches in glory as our endowment, we are called but bargaining. "Said I not unto thee, that, if upon to undertake what of ourselves we have thou wouldest believe, thou shouldest see the glory neither the strength nor the funds to accomplish. of God?" (Jno. 11: 40) . Shall we reverse this order, and believe only according as we have seen We have watched with the deepest interest an that glory? If so, He will give us little credit for experiment of enlargement which has come under our faith. Most significantly is it written: "Many our observation. A missionary treasury, taxed believed on his name because they saw the mirto the utmost for years to meet the demands upon acles which he did; but Jesus did not believe in it, was assessed at one stroke an extra fifty thou- them" (Jno. 2: 23, see Greek). sand dollars annually for a new work which God seemed to enjoin. Seven years passed since the I am more and more persuaded that the greatundertaking, and yet the treasury kept just as est things are possible if only we have His power full through all this period, notwithstanding the resting upon us. I have seen such a demonstraextra draft, as during the seven years previous. tion in my church when we met morning after Certainly this outcome does not seem like a di· morning in the early year, simply to pray for the vine admonition not to do so again, but rather like power of the Holy Spirit. We were looking for a a loud invitation to repeat the experiment upon revival. When I made a plea for foreign misthe first new call. When the bugle is sounding sions, I astonished my conservative brethren by for an advance along the entire line, we do well asking ten thousand dollars for our contribution. to mark the significance of such experiments. Only a few wealthy men among us, and they were Our Lord does not say, "Be it unto you according not likely to give largely. But when the offering to your funds," but "Be it unto you according to was gathered, twenty thousand dollars came; noyour faith." If He sees that we trust Him for body was personally asked; no solicitations were large missionary undertakings, He will trust us made. It was simply a great impulse of the Spirit. with large missionary remittances. If, on the contrary, we demand great things of God as a A. J. GORDON.

Seventy Years ofthe China Inland Mission* -ail By MARSHALL BROOMHALL, M.A., London, England / THE history of the China Inland Mission has Hudson Taylor has told us how an aged min- proved that to trust God for the supply of ister of the Gospel prophesied failure both to him temporal things is more than a pious idea. and to the Mission, when the Lammermuir party "How shall Jacob stand? for he is small," cried sailed. "You are making a great mistake in going the prophet Amos of old. And some such cry to China with no organization behind you," this might well have been uttered seventy years ago well-wisher said. "We live in a busy world, and when Hudson Taylor founded the China Inland you will all be forgotten, and the Mission won't Mission. The crisis at Brighton in June, 1865, live seven years." "That," wrote Hudson Taylor and the opening of a bank account in London two some years later, "was the prophecy of this good days later, in the name of the new Mission and man-and a wise one, too. But he was mistaken." with the small sum of £10, are well known. But as we look back over the seventy years, imagina- It is a good thing to remember that the Mission tion endeavors to recapture the human feelings of was not always a large and well-known organizaweakness associated with such a venture as Hud- tion, and th.at God answered prayer seventy years son Taylor then undertook. What prospect was ago in the day of small things as well as today; there that a new organization, founded by an un- But one word of warning is necessary. While God known man, for work in a distant and little known led the children of Israel through the Red Sea, the country, could stand and prosper? Egyptians, when they essayed to imitate them, were drowned. Even prayer must be God-guided, • Condensed from The Ohristian, London, May 9, 1935. not merely inspired by the spirit of imitation.

SEVENTY YEARS OF THE CHINA INLAND MISSION

The China Inland Mission today, though a large of China have been opened to the Gospel, but and now well-known organization, has no other what a history of prayer, of patience, of hardground or foundation upon which to build than ships endured, of mercies granted, and needs supthat which Hudson Taylor enjoyed. It has no plied lies behind that brief statement. other confidence; and the very magnitude of its work, as compared with seventy years ago, makes There are 345 central mission stations, and yet it more, rather than less, dependent upon God. the full story of almost anyone of them would fill The present Master of Balliol has truly said that a small volume. For twenty-five years unceasing "structures and systems are always asking us to prayer and persistent efforts were made to secure worship them, to forget the spirit that informed a footing in the hostile province of Hunan, before them, and to settle down for good in the per- entry was obtained. One 'man, Adam Dorward, manent camp. When that happens, when man's actually traveled in that province for eight years spirit worships its own creation, then structures without having a place which he could call his and systems become idols." The China Inland own, where he could lay his head. He died not Mission is nothing except what God has made it, having obtained a footing. Somewhat similar in answer to the prayers and faith of God's peo- stories could be told of most of the other provinces. ple. And it will only continue as that spirit prevails. Unless the Lord Himself had built the Mis- Times have changed but the difficulties and sion, Hudson Taylor had labored in vain. And trials cannot be said to have decreased greatly unless the Lord today keeps the Mission, its watch- with the passing years. Opposition has only asmen will be vigilant in vain. sumed a new form. In the early years outbursts of violence and local riots were a common experi- Changes in Seventy Years ence. These culminated in the terrible Boxer per- secutions, when nearly two hundred foreigners, The world of today has altered out of all recog- including children, lost their lives, as well as an nition since 1865. Then the Suez Canal had not unknown number of Chinese Christians. Of late been cut, and there was no cable to China. Then a new menace has raised its head, partly as the voyage to the Far East had to be made by sailing outcome of prolonged civil strife, and partly as the ships around the Cape of Good Hope, and it took fruit of communistic propaganda. It has become the best part of a year to obtain a reply by letter a far-too-common experience now for missionaries from one country to the other. Today the journey to be taken captive, and sometimes to be slain. can be made, via Siberia, in about a fortnight, Opposition to Christianity has become more subtle, and, by air, letters can travel even more quickly. more organized, and more ably directed. The News of the recent earthquake in Formosa was local riot has been exchanged for systematic antireported by wireless in England within an hour of Christian methods and bitter hostility. The natthe disaster! Such things would have seemed in- ural anti-foreign bias of the Chinese mind has credible to members of the Lammermuir party. proved a fruitful soil for the false reports of a militant communism, with its godless spirit. It is When the China Inland Mission was founded, therefore the simple truth to say that there has the greater part of China was unevangelized, and, been a life-and-death struggle for the soul of indeed, the interior of that great country in theory China during the last twelve or thirteen years, open by treaty, was extremely difficult of access. largely directly from Russian sources. There were then only fifteen Protestant mission stations in the whole of China, for the most part Yet, despite the formidable opposition-which on the coast. Seventy years ago the total number at times has made the evacuation of considerable of Chinese converts connected with Protestant areas inevitable-spiritual results have increased. missions, was about 2,000. Today the China In- During the first fifty years of the Mission's hisland Mission alone has 345 central stations, 2,000 tory, a period devoted in the main to breaking new outstations, reports over 160,000 converts. ground, 50,700 persons publicly confessed their faith in Christ by baptism; but during the last It is comparatively easy to look back and see twenty years that number has been increased by what God hath wrought, or at least see the super- an additional 107,000 souls, making a total of apficial aspect of what has been done, but it needs proximately 158,000 from the commencement of historical imagination to realize what those sev- the work. The promise that those who do not beenty years have meant. Some knowledge of the come weary in well-doing shall reap in due season trials and difficulties are essential to an apprecia- has been fulfilled. tion of the past. The future always looks more formidable than the past, and it is easy to forget If after these seventy years the China Inland the obstacles that have been overcome. Progress Mission were asked to give an account of its stewcan only be measured by difficulties surmounted. ardship, we should begin to ask: What contribu- It needs only one line to say that the closed doors tion has the Mission made to the Church of God generally? Its primary duty has been the evan-

gelization of China, but in seeking to be obedient come must speedily be transferred. The spiritual to this call, God has given the Mission a witness need and claims of China are still great, and if to bear concerning God's faithfulness in fulfilling God still has a work for the Mission to do, as we His promises. In a day when materialism is believe He has, we would make this time of celerampant, and when men are ready to deny the bration one of renewed dedication to the service presence and the power of God, the testimony as of Him who has blessed us hitherto. to God's trustworthiness in the matter of temporal supplies has strengthened the faith of many. WHEN A CHINESE "HEART.IS God's goodness in supplying the daily bread for His servants still continues a standing marvel, BROADENED" and those who know most about the Mission's financial history can rej oice in God. A mIssIOnary is exammmg an old woman of seventy-three for baptism and admission to the When the World War broke out in 1914, the church: human probabilities against the continuance of the work increased, yet the Mission was maintained "Who is Jesus?" throughout those difficult years. When the cost "Jesus died for me." of silver rose to unheard-of prices, and the con- "How did he die?" sequent need of a greatly increased income, in "I don't know." terms of gold, became necessary if the work was "Who were Jesus' disciples?" to continue, the total income of the Mission in- "I don't remember. I can't read." creased according to that need. When economic "Do you know the names of any of the books famine came to afflict all countries, though the of the Bible?" Mission could not expect to be immune from the "When one can't read. . . " general trial, the necessary bread was given, and "Where did Jesus live on earth ?" water was made sure. Though economies have Silence. had to be practiced-and the Mission has no de- The missionary stopped. The old woman had sire to escape from the trials experienced by so made a very poor showing. many of its supporters-and though faith has "This old lady is one of our most faithful Chrisbeen tested, the barrel of meal has not wasted, nor tians," said a deacon. "She always comes to our has the cruse of oil failed, "according to the word meetings, though she lives three miles away. She of the Lord." gives cheerfully what she can to every good cause. She used to have a terrible temper, but since she In other ways the Mission has been allowed to believed, she has become kind-hearted and patient. bear witness, as in the blessedness of an interde- Everybody knows about it." nominational fellowship, and in the possibility of The missionary looked at her. Seventy-three maintaining an international relationship even years old. She might be gone before he could through the war. The ideals of Hudson Taylor come around next year. He decided to go on with have not been proved impossible, but they have the examination. been embodied in life, and have stood the strain "Who is God?" and test of seventy varied years. "God is our heavenly Grandfather." "Where is He?" We cannot close without a word of gratitude to "Wherever I go, He is there." God for His goodness to the Mission in the matter "Can you talk to Him?" of leadership. The seventy years of the Mission Her face brightened with understanding : "Yes, history are strangely divided into two equal peri- I can." ods of thirty-five years each, with the Boxer crisis "When do you talk to him?" in the centre. From 1865 to 1900, Hudson Taylor, "Why, very often. When I am working in the the founder, was the leader of the Mission, and fields, when I am making bread, when I feel sad, from 1900 to 1935, that great responsibility has I talk to him and my heart is broadened." She rested upon the shoulders of Mr. D. E. Hoste. was now on familiar ground. "I talk to him when- God's best gifts are often found embodied in some ever I want to. Sometimes I have more to say consecrated personality, and the Mission cannot and talk longer. Sometimes I have only one or be too grateful to God for the long and devoted two thoughts and talk shorter. Whatever I have labors of those who have had the rule over the in my heart, I say." work. Mr. Hoste is now well over seventy years of age, and the time has come when he must lay From Jesse R. Wilson's new book, Men and Women of his burden down. The prayers of Christian Far Horizons (paper, 60 cents; cloth, $1.00), which is friends are asked for the one upon whom the published by the Friendship Press, New York. great responsibility of leadership in the days to

Forty–Seven Years Among the Chinese*

The Fruit of the Labors of Dr. and Mrs. Jonathan Goforth D R. AND MRS. JONATHAN GOFORTH re- compromise with sin, he is always very tender in turned to Canada early this year after dealing with sinners. forty-seven years of consecrated missionary Throughout these forty-seven years he has service in China and Manchuria. When Dr. and never lost that passion to save souls and to give Mrs. Goforth were in Canada nine years ago they the message of salvation to the unsaved. The met Allan Reoch, a young student just graduating hardships he has been willing to endure, the scars at Knox College and he returned to China with on his body (marks of the Lord Jesus), his ex- them. ample at the age of seventy-six, and blind, testify- Mr. Reoch has written the following illumi- ing for our Lord with the energy of youth are all nating study of Dr. and Mrs. Goforth who have proofs of this. Not only has his love for the left their beloved mission field in Manchuria to Saviour been the impelling motive, but also his return to Canada. love for the people. The Chinese aTE) intensely at- tached to him. What qualities have made Dr. and Mrs. Jonathan Goforth so outstanding and so marvelously Not only has he labored in season and out, to used in their work for the Saviour? I came across reconcile lost souls to God through the preaching the following "Seven Rules for Daily Living" of the Cross and shed blood of Jesus, but his work made by Dr. Goforth in 1894 and written on the in reviving backslidden Christians is too well fly leaf of his Bible: known to need further comment. His prayer has been, "0 Lord, revive thy work in the midst of the 1. Seek to give much-expect nothing. years." 2. Put the very best construction on the actions of others. 3. Never let a day pass without at least a quarter of an In all these qualities Mrs. Goforth has shared to hour spent in the study of the Bible. the full. All through the years she has been an 4. Never omit daily morning and evening private prayer able and loyal helper, rendering effective aid to and devotions. the cause of Christ amid dangerous scenes. While 5. In all things seek to know God's will and, when not able these last few years to engage as actively in the preaching as before, on account of ill health, known, obey at any cost. she has carried on an equally important work and 6. Seek to cultivate a quiet, prayerful spirit. 7. Seek each day to do or say something to further Christianity among the heathen. strenuous correspondence.

Dr. Goforth has lived up to these rules. He has After having worked with Dr. and Mrs. Goforth surpassed them. His love for the Bible is well for many years, all these qualities together with known, and he has taken every opportunity to read their obedience to God, strict honesty, generosity, it. Even after becoming blind he had a Chinese kindness, and benevolence remain as precious read to him at least twelve chapters a day. His memories. loyalty to the Bible as the Word of God, and his defense of the fundamentals of the faith have been Dr. Goforth held a week of special meetings just outstanding in his career. before leaving. The farewell service, which lasted four and a half hours on January 20 was attended He is a man of prayer, and through prayer and by many of our Chinese leaders. Bible study has sought to know God's will. It is this love for Bible reading and communion with Pastor Chiang, who represented the Christians God that has given him the power to move audi- from the North, struck a high note when he said, ences to a conviction of sin and repentance. At "Now that Elijah is leaving, we must all be Elishas and pray for a double portion of Elijah's all times he keeps self in the background and relies spirit." wholly on the power of the Holy Spirit to take of the things of Jesus and reveal them unto his Dr. Goforth, speaking from Acts 2, dwelt on hearers. "Not by might, nor by power, but by my the Promise of Power, and the necessity of being Spirit. . . ." These Scriptures have ever been filled with the Holy Spirit to save those yet in his battle cry. darkness. The Christians from every part of the field sent farewell gifts to Dr. and Mrs. Goforth. The silk banners were hung on the walls, while a Though Dr. Goforth's preaching contains a long table was covered with silver shields, all stern denunciation of sin, and in no case tolerates manifestations of their love for them personally and an expression of appreciation of what the • Condensed from The Sunday Schoo! Times, Philadelphia, May Gospel has meant to them.

25, 1935.

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Everyone expects their forty-seven years of and gambling. He broke everyone of the ten eminently fruitful service in China and Manchuria commandments more than once. Among other to be crowned with rich blessing among the things, he sold opium and rented out his buildings churches in the homeland. for houses of ill fame. He was converted a year and a half ago and since then has been a tower of Some Fruits of Their Labors strength in the work. He has lived a changed life The result of this aggressive evangelism is that ever since, has provided buildings for a church, precious souls nave been won to Christ and have and gives testimony himself. Whereas before he the hope of eternal life. Some of the old Chris- never got up in the mornings until near noon, now tians we found in a backslidden condition have he is at the church at five a. m. for early morning prayer meeting. DR. AND. MRS. JONATHAN GOFORTH TODAY Mr. Sung, of Tailai, was not baptized when we been restored. One in particular who has been opened work there, but he was a nominal Chrisgreatly used in opening new centers, especially in tian, and his father was an elder. Living away the country districts, is Wang Teh HaL He was from home, he had not received much instruction, baptized about twenty-five years ago, but shortly but was anxious to help. He was seIling opium on afterward an unconverted deacon in the church the side, and, when reproved for his conduct, taught him the best tricks in gambling. Afterthis slapped faithful pastor T'ang in the face. But love Mr. Wang became the most notorious gambler in and patience won the day. Mr. Sung has been his country and was feared because of his con- made a new man in Christ and is a pillar in the stant lawsuiting. He had a fierce temper. One church. Last year, when the building of a church day while he was listening to the preaching of the was discussed, he sold five pigs and brought the Gospel, a pastor offered him a Scripture portion, money to the treasurer. but he threw it to the ground in a rage. The second day, however, his hardened heart was touched, Among the recent converts, Mr. and Mrs. Wang, and he has been out and out for the Lord since. of Tailai, are outstanding. When, in the autumn He said lately that in his unregenerate days, if of 1930, the missionary was doing evangelistic anyone stole a chicken out of his yard or a pump- work in that city, he went out with the colporteur kin off his window sill, he would stand on the selling Scripture portions. One of those to buy housetop and swear at the neighbors for three was a soldier. Later he went to a shop to find out days. Now he used his flow of language in telling what they were about, as he couldn't read. He the Gospel story. only bought them because they were so cheap. The manager in the shop said he didn't know and Mr. Tung is the most prominent and wealthy gave away the ones he had bought to Mr. Wang, layman who has joined with us. He was baptized who then went to the chapel and heard the Gospel three years before the Boxer trouble and remained for the first time. He was so impressed that he steadfast throughout that persecution. Later he decided to become a Christian. On reaching home became an official and rich in this world's goods. he smashed up his opium lamps, for beside being He fell from grace and took unto himself eight a soldier, he ran an opium den. Mrs. Wang bewives, spent his days in opium smoking, drinking, came as ardent a Christian as her husband. What a change the light and love of Jesus brought into that dark and sinful home! Now, four years later, we find Mr. Wang working as an evangelist. Mrs. Wang went to Bible college at her own expense and does voluntary preaching among the women. They are a marvelous couple, showing in their lives the power of the saving grace of God. . . . .

Another who has come out on the Lord's side, is Chang Pao Cheng. He was living in Szepingkai with his mother, wife, and family. When his mother became ill, his wife decided to consult a fortune-teller, as things were going from bad to worse in spite of her daily burning incense to pla- cate the gods.- Seeing her distress, and having listened sympathetically to her tale of woe, the fortune-teller said that their little daughter was the cause of all their troubles and that they would have to get rid of her. Mrs. Chang was to keep on a vegetable diet, burn twice as much incense,

FORTY-SEVEN YEARS AM;ONG THE CHINESE

and finally give him a liberal contribution for his the thirteen-year-old daughter of Mr. Sun, as he advice. grabbed her tightly around the throat.

For the next few days, Mrs. Chang could be "I don't know where my father is, and even if seen walking up and down the streets of Szeping- you kill me, I can't tell you where he has fled to kai, carrying her daughter in her arms. The child because I don't know," she replied in a calm voice.

was dressed in her best clothes with a piece of The unperturbed manner of this country girl straw sticking in a buttonhole. That was a sign in the face of danger was so different from what the girl was for sale. But nobody wanted to buy they had ever seen that one bandit asked of his the girl, and wouldn't take her even for nothing, companion in evil, "What kind of a girl is this?"

as every family had enough to do to make ends "I'm a Christian," she said, slowly raising her meet without adding to expenses. head (for she had been standing bowed in silent One day while looking for a prospective buyer, prayer). "I think you would like to hear me sing,"

Mrs. Chang stopped at the market place where a she ventured.

theatrical performance was in progress. The "Yes, sing us a song," the bandits shouted.

church had also put up a tent and, taking advan- She sang a hymn, and they were so pleased that tage of the large numbers present, preached daily they wanted to hear some more. "Wait until I to the crowds. Mrs. Chang heard the Gospel for call my cousin and we'll sing together. You will the first time, went home and told her husband.. like that better still," was her reply. When her The next day Mr. Chang went, and was even more cousin, a girl about her own age arrived, they sang impressed. They decided for Christ, went home another hymn, and the robbers were so delighted and smashed their idols, determined not to sell the that they returned all of her father's goods they child but to trust in Jesus for the recovery of the had stolen. "Please give back my uncle's things, sick. From that time on, the old woman began too," she boldly pleaded, and they did as she asked.

to recover, and is still hale and hearty. On leaving gave her two dollars as well.

Later Mr. Chang was made an elder at Szep- A Farewell Message ingkai. Now he is out preaching in a very wild district. When he was a young man living in A "Farewell Message from Dr. and Mrs. Go- Shantung, he lived a very bad life. How com- forth" sent to friends in January, just before they pletely he was changed by Christ! He became left Manchuria, contains the following: gentle and could be trusted absolutely and was As we lay down this work, we praise God for our faithconstantly sent to the bank on business. A year ful coworkers, the Rev. and Mrs. Allan Reoch and the Rev.

ago he returned to his old home for a short visit and Mrs. William G. Davis, who with some splendid Chi- nese leaders must now carryon. They have all along been and won family after family for the Lord. absolutely one with us in the aggressive evangelistic The Sun Girls and Bandits methods adopted from the inception of this work. Mr. Reoch is now Secretary-Treasurer of the Goforth Evan- A typical case of how the Christians stood firm gelistic Funds Account, from which nearly all our evanduring the chaotic conditions prevailing two years legists are supported. Address the Rev. Allan Reoch, ago may be seen in the case of the Sun girls. My Szepingkai, Manchuria.

notebook tells the tale better than memory could We plan to open a "Goforth Evangelistic Funds Acrecall. count" in the Canadian Bank of Commerce, Toronto, in which all money for this work will be deposited. Our "If you don't tell me where your father is, I'll home address is 47 St. James' Avenue, Toronto, Ontario, kill you," said a rough looking Chinese bandit to Canada.

A MISSIONARY'S PRAYER By VIOLA RICH SIMTH, Legaspi, Albay, Philippine Islands Oh, lift us heavenly Father, At noontide, with its scorching heat, And strengthen day by day From labor worn, we find The feeble thoughts that yearn toward Thee, Renewal, rest and'peaceful power, For we would learn to pray. At once with Thine Own mind.

We come to Thee at morningtide, "At even' when the sun is set," When skies are clouded gray; We bring our day to Thee, The howling winds of bitter fear And find its petty burdens gone, Thou clearest from our day. Ourselves, Christ-centered, free.

Letter to a New Missionary*

By ALEXANDER McLEISH, London World Dominion Movement YOU wish to know how best to set about your provide material for home letters, but your spir- work. To answer that is not easy, but there itual power, your success in creating a living are certain things which stand out prom- Christian fellowship, may be conspicuously absent. inently. First of all I would place at the center, One of your problems will be the use of money. as of primary importance, the influence of per- The amount the missionary spends on himself and sonality. One must keep the best of one's energy his household will seem prodigality to the poor for personal relationships. There must be un- villager so that you must make every effort to live hurried daily communion with God through Bible . simply and with as little display as possible. This study, meditation and prayer. You cannot live is the way of avoiding innumerable difficulties. on spiritual reserves, but on day by day "income." "Give us this day our daily bread" has a twofold The problem of a young missionary going to an old field is very different, and also very diffisignificance. cult. Here he finds work which is long estab- Secondly, every contact in any capacity is a lished, and the question will arise in his mind why, after thirty years or so, has it not been commissionary method, and therefore you are "on duty" 'every moment of the day. mitted to the people themselves to carryon i The Does anything else matter? In a sense, no! saying that "here we have no continuing city" is You may often be perplexed as to what you should true of the contact of foreign missionaries with do. The urge to get things done is Western and native peoples. The missionary is not intended to modern. As your object is to build up a truly in- be a permanent factor in the life of an alien peodigenous Church, you should aim principally at ple. His work is to make Christ the permanent winning the family to Christ. In the social sys- factor, and himself to pass on to other pioneer tems of India, China and Africa, the family and tasks as quickly as he may. The one thing wllich the communal life are the real units. As a general will justify your presence in an old field today is rule it is better to urge the individual to realize the strengthening of the indigenous Church to his Christian duty to the members of his family live its own life and to develop its own institutions and to seek to bring them with him before he is in its own way and with its own personnel. The baptized, for once baptized he will in most cases acid test of work today is whether it can stand be effectively cut off from further influence with alone in the absence of the missionary and withthem. A convert always finds it easier to wind out the help of foreign funds. his family before his baptism than after, and thus the social unit is won. This may mean in- It will be seen that a new missionary's task is no easy one. Every talent will be needed, and the tensive rather than extensive work. For this vital contact with the people the first more he possesses the better. A great deal of the requirement is intimate knowledge of their lan- paraphernalia of modern missions he will find to guage, customs and ways of thinking. To keep be of little use. He will find it best to study the first things first is no easy task. You may find Master's methods and closely follow them. When yourself running a printing press when you could confronted with the difficulties of your task aleasily get the work done elsewhere; you may find ways remember that Christ said, "Lo, I am with yourself hurrying off to a Fair with Gospels, be- you alway, even unto the end of the world." This fore you are able to answer the questions of your alone will give you the true outlook on the situa- hearers. All such activities may fill your day and tion, and will inspire you to press forward with • Condensed from The Burma News. the task of evangelism.

"Growds of young people are awakened to their dire need, and eagerly look to the Church for leadership. In thirteen years in Korea I have never seen such a favorable time as now for direct, aggressive evangelism. Never were the people more eager to hear the good news." -REV. C. C. AMENDT, Konju, Korea.

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Page News-An Airplane Crash*

-ell] By R. W .. HAMBROOK, Washington, D. C. 11Jue– l'". AS A substitute for my chief in the United me to go Home to be with Him or whether he still States Office of Education, I spoke before had more work for me to do. His answer seemed members of the New York Teachers' As- to be that my work on earth was not yet finished, sociation at Syracuse, New York. Having been and therefore I sought His promises and found compelled to sleep on Pullmans for two nights, I comfort in John 15: 7-"If ye abide in me, and decided to return to Washington by air. A plane my words abide in you, ye shall ask what ye will was to leave at 7: 23 p. m., which would allow me and it shall be done unto you." I searched my own to spend a night in Newark, and reach Washington heart and then I said, "Lord, I will to live, if You the next morning at the same time as by train. will me to live."

It was snowing heavily when I reached the Syra- It may have been seconds or it may have been cuse airport, but the wind was scarcely evident. minutes after we brushed the top of the tree be- About 7: 30, after the pilot fore we struck other trees. We had made careful inquiry re- were in total darkness, but my garding weather conditions The secular press gave con- emotions were not at all disahead, and after being in- tinent-wide front-page dis- turbed, and I was noting carestructed to fly, we left Syra- play to the incident here re- fully the different events cuse with a pilot, co-pilot, and corded. While grateful to the which were taking place. The a passenger co-pilot, and my- men who, on land and in the nose of the plane turned self as the only paying pas- air, ran great risks or endured downwards and struck the senger. real hardships to effect their ground first, and then the We had been flying for rescue, and deeply apprecia- plane settled on the snow as about three-quarters of an tive of those interests, wheth- level as if it had been laid on hour when I became aware er private corporations or special foundations. Immedithat something was wrong. I ately the two pilots rushed indid not know that the left government owned, that· in a to the cabin and asked if anymotor had stopped in conse- single day burned up nine body was hurt. To the astonquence of ice, nor did I know thousand gallons of gasoline ishment of all, not a leg, nor that a small amount of ice had in their efforts to locate them an arm, nor even a finger was formed on the leading edge of by plane, Mr. Hambrook broken, nor was one drop of avows his supreme indebtedthe wings, resulting in de- ness to the Heavenly Father. blood shed, nor was one of us His compensation for the two creased wing efficiency. A days and two nights of phys- in any way stunned. I re- light burning in the front of ical suffering and nervous marked that God had an- the cabin said, in effect, "Do strain lay in the joy that he swered our prayer and had not remove your safety belt had in leading his three com- saved our lives. or smoke as long as this light panions to a saving knowlremains lit"; it had not been edge of Jesus Christ. Gasoline was pouring out of the left tank in the wing. We turned off as is the custom stepped out of the cabin door upon leaving an airport. The into snow almost to our knees cabin was growing cold through lack of heat from and stayed there until all gasoline had ceased run- the exhaust of the left motor. The plane throbbed ning; then we returned to the cabin, turned on somewhat, caused, as I learned later, from the the lights, and made a survey of our situation.

"missing" right motor. This motor had been The two active pilots spent the night in the open, supercharged and was working at its limit, but by the side of a small fire which they had lit, in yet the plane was losing altitude. hopes that someone might have heard the sound The first indication to me that anything serious of our crash and come to rescue us. The passenger was the matter was when we brushed the top of co-pilot and I spent the night in the cabin in a a tree. As a child of God, my thoughts naturally temperature somewhere between freezing and turned to Him, and I asked whether He wished zero.

• Reprinted from The Evangelical Christian, Toronto, Canada. The next morning the pilot and the passenger [419 ]

co-pilot decided to seek a way out to the north, available. We took the fifteen seat cushions and takmg the airplane compass to guide them. After placed them under our feet and in front and in going about two miles they decided to return be- back of our feet, and then we pulled off the cur- fore becoming completely exhausted. One of the tains from the windows and wrapped them around men decided to repair the radio, and found the our feet. The two blankets we shared among us.

antenna broken, but the battery still in good con- Never shall I forget the misery of that night, dition. Starting the generators, he called Albany, as the temperature reached 15 degrees below zero. giving the number of the plane saying that we I was so cold that it seemed as if my body must were all safe and not injured, stating our altitude, shake to pieces. Only those who have had similar and requesting assistance as soon as possible. experiences can understand what we passed Several calls were made at different intervals for through during that night. We had gone into the the purpose of directing the radio beam to chart cabin shortly after dark, and after we had been our location. shivering for a short time, I began to pray out Fifteen Degrees Below Zero loud, constantly referring to Scripture. I was most grateful that I had stored my memory with During the day a lean-to was made, using sap- multitudes of His promises. The prayers of that lings tied at the top and fastening upon them night have all been answered. We were still cold, fabric torn from the wings and fuselage of the but I learned again the infallible truth of Philipplane. The fabric was tied with strings to the pians 4: 6-7-"In nothing be anxious, but in ev- erything by prayer and supplication, with thankssaplings. giving let your requests be made known unto God, I prayed with the men and asked God to send and the peace of God which passeth all underdeliverance. In addition, I prayed many times standing shall garrison your hearts and your alone. Our lean-to was about ten feet in diameter thoughts in Christ Jesus." His peace filled my and a little over one-half of a circle, but it was soul. somewhat small for the four of us, so several times I left the other three to attempt to make a good Life Out of Death fire where several logs could be pushed together. It was a distressing night. I do not believe any Try as we would, however, we were unable to se- one of us slept for more than a few moments at cure wood that burned brightly, or made smoke. a time. Only God kept us from freezing to death. which would rise above the tops of the trees. A' Many, many times we referred to our watches to foot of snow had fallen during the night, and see how long before morning. Shortly after dawn, with the snow previously on the ground, made a we heard the sound of an airplane. All four of us depth of nearly three feet. With no shovel, no axe, immediately rushed out into the snow to see a and no food to give strength, it proved very ex- plane equipped with skis flying a few hundred hausting to secure wood from under this depth of feet above the trees, less than one-quarter mile snow. Our only means of removing snow was away. Although we waved our arms frantically, sheet metal cowling taken from around the motors. the pilot failed to see us. It seemed as if some of Numbers of times I knelt near this second fire to the 35 to 50 planes which were sent out to rescue plead with God for aid, but the heavens seemed as us were within sight of us a good part of the day.

brass, and no answers came. The sky was overcast When our plane crashed, the interior was in as all day Saturday, and no airplane came within good condition as when we left Syracuse, with the reach. We heard no sound of automobile horn, rail- exception of one seat a leg of which had pushed road train, or airplane. Again and again I sought its way through the floor. We used seat covers to the promises, and my thoughts turned to John 15: protect our ears and to cover our feet to prevent 7. I asked God if I were abiding in the Lord Jesus snow from getting into our shoes. We utilized and if His words were abiding in me, and I asked strips of curtains for tying the seat covers and Him to search my heart and see if anything as yet other material on our feet and legs. One man had was unconfessed to Him. . I wanted nothing to a pair of zipper overshoes, another had a pair of come between myself and God. Still the answers low rubbers, whereas the other two had nothing did not come. . more than low shoes. Pillow cases, towels and We made our plans for Saturday night so that pillows were all put into service in some way, we could secure as much protection from the cold Even the parcel rack material was ripped from its and assist each other, as far as possible. It was place and made into leggings and foot coverings.

impossible to secure wood enough to burn The leather backs of the pilot seats made good throughout the night. We could light no fire in the leggings when tied with strips of curtain material.

cabin without burning it. None of the fifteen seats One of the men said he was tempted to chew on could be removed because there were no tools the leather before using it for leggings, but de-

FRONT PAGE NEWS – AN AIRPLANE CRASH

cided the dye might be poisonous. Strange to say ferred to John 1: 12 again. He replied, "A son of we were not conscious of hunger. God." I asked whether he would thank God for this fact in his own words, and there in that deep About ten o'clock Sunday morning two of us de- snow, he, with a towel bound around his head, and cided that we had better make one more attempt I with a seat cover over my head, with our hats at finding our way out. Consequently we fitted off, he expressed his appreciation to God for the ourselves up to walk through the deep snow. We fact that he was now a child of God. had pushed through the deep snow, over huge fallen logs, over small hills and into hollows, for We trudged along. The thrill of that moment about a mile. Before leaving our camp I had asked is with me as I write. Numbers of times as we God (according to James 1: 5, 6), to give wisdom walked along my companion said, "Mr. Hamand to show us a way out, that we might bring brook, it seems so different n9w." help to the other two left behind. We stopped to rest a moment, and I challenged my companion, We came to what seemed to us a swamp. The saying, "lam concerned about your soul. Are you really satisfied that all is well?" He replied, MR. HAMB'ROOK WELCOMED HOMill AFTER THE CRASH "No, Mr. Hambrook, I am not satisfied." "Then," I said, "what is to prevent you from snow was deep, but we could travel in a straight making things right now, before we go any line. At one point, my pilot friend all of a sudden farther?" He replied, "Nothing, if you will slipped into water up to his knees. Wet legs and show me how." zero weather do not go very well together, so we turned back and continued on the same side of You can imagine the delight that was mine in the swamp until we reached a deer trail, the only knowing how to show him the way to salvation. sign of animal life that we had seen. While we I began with John 1: 12-"But as many as re- were contemplating crossing the swamp, our skiceived him, to them gave he power to become equipped airplane flew nearby, but failed to see us, the sons of God, even to them that believe on although later he told of seeing our trail in the his name." Then I explained by John 1: 1-3- snow. "In the beginning was the word and the word was with God and the Word was God; the same was in the beginning with God; all things were made by him and without him was not anything made that was made" – whom it was that should be received-that it was Deity, the Christ of God. Then I passed on to John 1 : 14, "And the Word was made flesh and dwelt among us and we beheld his glory, the glory as of the only begotten of the Father, full of grace and truth," and pointed out from this the manhood of Christ. From there I referred to John 1 : 29, "Behold the Lamb of God which taketh away the sin of the world," and explained how the blood of Christ was necessary to take away sin. Next reference was made to Romans 10: 9, 10, "That if thou shalt confess with thy mouth the Lord Jesus and shalt believe in thine heart that God hath raised him from the dead thou shalt be saved; for with the heart man believeth unto righteousness, and with the mouth confession is made unto salvation."

The question was put: "Will you accept the Lord Jesus Christ as your Saviour?" He immediately said, "I will." I then asked him if he would tell God this fact. He said he would repeat after me in sincerity such prayer as I would present to God. We both prayed around the Scriptures referred to above, and ended by a statement something like this, "I, in this snow, among these trees, accept You, Lord Jesus, as my Saviour." Immediately I asked him, "What are you now?" and re-

It was suggested that we go back to camp be- in 25 degrees below zero temperature. How we fore exhaustion was complete. God said, "Go back. thanked God for men with hearts like these men There are two more in the camp whom you must who rescued us. lead to Christ." We reached camp about 1: 30 p. m., and immediately I put the same questions to Between one and two o'clock in the morning, one of the other men, with the same result. At seven of the men went back, and two remained 1: 45 the third pilot came into our lean-to and I with us all night. After a while one of the pilots put the same questions to him, discussed the same said, "Don't you think we ought to thank God for Scripture passages, received the same replies from this?" So he prayed, and I prayed, and the other him. two prayed, thanking God for His wondrous kind- ness in saving us in our hour of need. Then I began to understand why God had not answered the praye'rs which had gone up to Him At eleven o'clock, an army plane flew overhead for rescue. Now all four of us were members of and dropped a parachute of food for us. Early the body of Christ and could go tod-od' in unity the next morning another plane dropped another and make request for rescue. We prayed around parachute and now we had enough food to start our small fire and told God that we needed His aid, a restaurant. In the morning men returned with that we had done all we knew how toward our a toboggan, boots, woollen socks, and other things, rescue, but now that He must take action. We to bring us out of the woods. The pilot was carrequested God to send help before midnight, as we ried on the toboggan; the co-pilot walked most of felt that some of us would have passed· into death the way, but was very weak, having bruised his before morning. face and injured his jaw in the crash.

It was growing colder every minute. The situa- On our way into Morehouseville, I was privition looked hopeless; but our trust was in God. leged to talk to the leader of the men who reached At dusk, when it seemed as if all search would us the night before. After discussing the same cease, we heard the noise of an airplane over- Scriptures with him, he held out his hand and head, and then saw its lights. As hastily as said, "I'll do that," and there in those woods, he fatigued bodies would allow, two of the men se- accepted Christ as his Saviour, and lifted his cured gasoline and threw it upon a tree, and then voice in gratitude to God. with an ember from the fire, lighted it. The flare attracted the attention of the pilot, and he began An ambulance was waiting for us at Moreto make circles around us. Our joy can be imag- houseville to take those who needed it to the hosined, for we knew that he would immediately radio pital. The two of us who had walked the entire to our relatives and friends that we were safe. way rode in the doctor's car to St. Elizabeth's All of us stood by the flare to indicate I'tliat all Hospital in Utica, where I shaved myself, took a four were able to stand up. bath, and left Utica on a plane at about six o'clock for Washington. The bad weather forced us down Saved At Last at Newark, and it was necessary for me to con- tinue to Washington by train. The first plane left us, after dropping a flare, but soon afterwards another airplane appeared. Was it worth it? An $80,000 plane was de- We did not know just what he was doing, but he stroyed except for some parts salvaged. The four continued flying over and at about 10 :,30 we heard of us suffered untold agony for two days and two a shot, then a shout.' Two of the men~n our party nights. Our relatives and friends went through went outside and shot off their revO,lvers, while great anxiety. Nine thousand gallons of gasoline two of us stayed in the lean-to next'~ to the fire. were consumed in one day by airplanes searching Never shall I forget how my whole being sobbed for us. in gratitude to God -for bringing aid.~ Jesus said, "What shall it profit a man if he In a few moments, nine men reached us, bring- gain the whole world and lose his own soul?" ing hot coffee, chocolate, bread, sandwiches, wool- (Mark 8: 36). If it ,had cost the whole world to len socks, blankets, and other things to make us win those souls, it would have been worth it. comfortable. Soon a big warm fire was burning and we were chewing slowly on the food. These Since the accident happened one of the pilots men did not know then that they were answering has publically given his testimony many times and our request to God in bringing help, for only those his :wife has recently been converted. A recent acquainted with these Adirondack woods can rea- letter from one of the men ends: "May God bless lize what it means to tramp through the deep snow you for showing me the Way." One of the resat night over rough ground for four or five miles cuers writes : "We rescued us and then you res- cued me." • Your cooperation in giving this thrilling testimony a wide distribution is most heartily invited. Price per copy 10c, 3 for 25c, I would not go through the experience again for $7.50 per hundred. Evangelical Publishers, 366 Bay Street, Toronto, millions of dollars, but I believe I would go Canada. through it again if' God wanted in that way to bring one more soul to Him.*

Challenge of Changing

An Address Delivered at the Younger Men's Missionary Congress. Stevens Hotel, Chicago, May 3, 1935 By GEORGE CRAIG STEWART Bishop of Chicago M EN talk of a coming revolution in the world from now on there's going to be a change!'" It order. We are in it. Men speak of the would be a dull world if there were no change. Day of Judgment. It is here. I entered It would be a mad world if there were no stability.

college in 1895. Christmas Ev·e of that year 2. Well, there is no danger of a static world. marked, I suppose, a very definite gateway into This era of ours is a very helter-skelter of change. a new universe so vast, and subtle and mysterious And I am glad to be alive in it. It is exciting, adthat all our conceptions have had to be recast. In venturous, perilous, challenging, and that fits my 1900 the dictionary did not include "radio" or religion. (Sometimes you know I am called a high "movie" or "chauffeur" or "aviator" or "jazz" or churchman. Very well, we have in the Episcopal "hijacker" or "rum-runner" or "income tax" or Church an interesting triplet,-"Low and lazy, "parcel post" or "fundamentalist" or "bolshevist" broad and hazy, high and crazy.") or "quantum theory,"-Pas rei. "Everything flows." The map of the world, the map of the uni- Jesus Christ came into the world to change it, verse; the map of life changes before the ink is to change lives, to change attitudes, to change indry on your old one. It is bewildering. And the stitutions, to change human relationships, to main features of these changes are- change the world. He refuses to be pocketed by any party or by any "ism," but He is and always 1. The narrowing world of communications. has been a revolutionary. Wherever He is the en- 2. The new emphasis upon the common welfare vironment changes. And there is no place in His of all the race. discipleship for those who want to settle on the 1. Now there is something in us that resists lees. "Let the dead bury their dead," He says, "go change and also something that demands it. Here thou and preach tbe kingdom." are two fundamental human bents-one for things as they are; one for things as they ought to be The kingdom is fresh seed planted in every and are to be. One side of us is with the past and soil and growth is change. It is light for every conservatism- darkness, and light is lively. I see the economic and social and political upheavals, the scientific So was it when my life began and philosophical and religious shifts and up- So is it when I am a man, heavals in the world today as the signs of God shaking the earth, sifting the nations, breaking up So be it when I shall grow old the old stale modes of thought, tearing down and one side of us is with the restless spirits who Rejoice that man is hurled, withering and sterile relics of empty tradition, From change to change unceasingly, and pouring His spirit into men, imperatively de- manding life-life more abundant. And to you His soul's wings never furled.

If one side of us has all the say we become old, and me He comes challenging us as His followers static, obfuscous, obscurantist, fossilized. If the sayingother has all the say we become noisy nuisances Look to your faith! Is it so anremic that it will committed to what Walter Raleigh called "the not stand going out of doors where the bright idiotic simplicity of the revolutionary idea." light of science beats and the tearing gales of a I remember once down in Memphis, Tennessee, new naturalism and skepticism come out of the many, many years ago hearing a Baptist orator northeast? A challenge faces your Christian eth- preaching a very eloquent sermon. He was all ics which you say are based on the character of flame. The only thing I remember was this, that God-can they stand the tests of new social vision, he compared England with America. "In Eng- or will they capitulate and be revealed as only a land," said he, "they say, 'as it was in the begin- kind of protective coloring for the old order?

ning, is now, and ever shall be:' but in America Is your Church the Body of Christ with the we say, 'As it was in the beginning, is now, but wounds full of the power of crucifixion and resur- [423 ]

rection, or is it a "subsidy of Caiaphas" and a bul- There is a crisis here today in the world. There wark of the privileged class? A challenge to your was once a crisis in Jerusalem. Uzziah the great creed! Is it the dry bones of formula, or is it the statesman king was dead. Then a young man, beblood in your spiritual veins, beating through your wildered like the rest, went to the temple to ask reason and firing your will? Can it be said of us God to raise up some one on whom they could lean. as of the apostles-"they thfl,t have turned the And suddenly God spoke to him. "Why not you ?" world upside down are come hither also"? The other day a young man, a Christian, came to me and said-"I believe the time is ripe for some 3. John Buchan, the new Governor-General of young man who actually believes in the risen and Canada, has just written another book-since his contemporary and reigning Christ to rise up and "Cromwell"-I mean "The People's King"-in sweep all young men of the country into following honor of the 25th anniversary of his gracious Him in establishing His kingdom." I said, "Why majesty, King George V. And in that book he not you?" brilliantly reviews the Georgian Era and its changes. Indeed he begins with 1834-100 years After all when I see Jesus Christ coming down ago, with a picture of young Gladstone and his the center of the world's stage the kindest, friendfirst t,erm in Parliament. Gladstone was only 25 liest, cleanest, gr,eatest, noblest, grandest figure years old. He returned to spend a week-end in of all ages, I observe that what He is really about Oxford. And what do you think his diary reveals? is calling for leaders. "Will you come? Will you He spent the week-end reading. Reading what? follow Me?" Pickering on "Adult Baptism!" "The name of the book," says Buchan, "moves me like a spell. And suddenly I hear a vulgar Philistine's Preposterous and yet magnificent! The symbol modern note, "What'll we get out of it?" of a lost security of soul long ago dropped by the wayside!" Then Buchan goes on to show the de- And His reply is the kind that challenges all veloping skepticism and religious languor of the that is finest in man-"Get out of it? You'll sleep end of the century. The manly humility, called the with me in the bracken. 'Foxes have holes and the fear of God, began to disappear. And then the birds have nests, but I have not where to lay my war-August 4, 1914. Sir Edward Gray looking head? Are you game? Drink a bitter cup! I out from his window in the Foreign Office as the must drink it. Are you able? I must go to the lights sprang out of the dusk said, "The lamps are cross and my followers too. Loneliness. Scorn. going out all over Europe: we shall never see them Opposition. Hatred. Death. Will you come?" lit again in our life-time." And then came the crashing of thrones and the filling of a world with "What if we are alone, and don't know the the noise and dust of them. And following the way?" war, the disintegration of morals, the flood of cloacal fiction, and petty petulant poetry, and joy- "I am the way. I will be with you to the ages of less gaity, and everywhere the familiar cliches ages." of decadence. "Where shall we go?" But now out of the depression-to be seen in facism, in communism, in nazism-everywhere "To the ends of the earth!" youth is springing forward with fresh willingness to sacrifice, with idealisms not to be denied, with "What shall we do?" a demand that the spirit shall be recognized. "Heal the sick, teach the good news, baptize 4. There is in the Christian faith the stability them into me and my kingdom !" not of stubborn death but of growing life. The larger universe has not destroyed God but enlarged You know what happened; a Power that went God. We need a bigger God than we have like wind and fire through Syria, through Greece, dreamed, and how the world today leaps to re- through Rome, and when Rome fell gripped the ceive Him. invaders, swept through France, England, Ire- land, Scotland, leaped to America, and is this Christ, as Tertullian said, is "not convention very day changing not only individual lives but but Truth." His shoulder, as Francis Thompson society itself in every part of the earth. said, is "too high for me to lean upon it," and yet how He stoops to us! Jesus Christ is bigger, vast- David Livingstone said, "We will go anywhere er, than we have dared to think, and yet as ever provided it be forward." I think of the three available to the hllmblest. The challenge is not young men who faced a wonderful picture in one from the new world to Him, but from Him to you of the galleries of Europe, "Come unto me." In it and me. one can see the sick, the sinful, the discouraged, the worldly -coming. But one young man stood longer than the rest searching the eyes of Christ, and letting his soul come up and speak and finally that young man did speak,- "0 Man of Galilee if I can help you in your great world job, count on me!"

– ¥;II &IA $

PAPAU TA CHAPEL – I N TERIOR; ALL-SAMOAN DESI GN A N D WOR KMANSHIP Building an All–Samoan Chapel * By EVELYN A. DOWNS 1·- L. M. S. Missionary, Papauta, Western Samoa ~==========================~ PAPAUTA L. M. S. Girls' School in Samoa is asked for a plan and took it away to consider now forty-three years old, and all through whether it could be constructed. A few days later those years the church services have been held he returned full of enthusiasm, saying that he and in the big schoolroom. The teachers and mis- his fifty men were ready to start immediately.

sionaries have talked often of a beautiful Samoan They would cut all the materials out of the forest, cruciform building for a church, in which only and would try to make everything as perfect as Samoan materials and workmanship should be possible. We had no idea of beginning so soon, used. but we felt that the opportunity might not come With this object the girls planted sugarcane again. So within a week we had fifty men in the two years ago, so that there should be plenty of compound with our plantation men. The old chiefs thatch if ever the dream were realized. At the of Saanapu decided to come to keep the boys in same time they began to plait sinnet from the order, and direct the work. The men were with husk of the coconut, for there are no nails in a us for six weeks and we had services together '

Samoan building; everything is bound together every Sunday. The boys as well as our own school- with miles of string. They are optimists, for girls caught the spirit of working joyfully to the times are hard in Samoa and at the beginning of glory of God. As the building grew, all seemed 1934 the church building seemed a far-away pos- to be conscious of the peace that pervaded it.

sibility. But God rebuked faintheartedness. The The foundation of a Samoan house is laid last sugarcane flourished as never before and the beau- of all. The heavy posts are first put in place, the tiful leaves were ready for mak,ing into thatch. beams hoisted on primitive levers made from Food plantations yielded more taro and bananas than usual, so that there was plenty of food for boughs of trees, and bound firmly to the tops of the carpenters who would live on the estate while the posts. After that all the work is in the roof. working. In June a famous Samoan carpenter We assembled for the raising of the first post, from the village of Saanapu, Iuma by name, came sang a hymn, and the Samoan translation of "God over the hills to visit and I asked him to come to be in my head and in my understanding." The talk of something new. There has never before posts are the trunks of large breadfruit trees been a Samoan building made with transepts. He brought down from our hillside plantations. The great crossbeams are coconut logs.

• R eprinted from The Ohr oni cle; April , 1935. While the young men were doing this heavy [425 ]

THE NEW CHURCH AT PAPAUTA WITH TRANSEPTS, PAPAUTA, SAMOA work, the older men sat under the trees and made Government High School offered to bring the the ribs for the roof, a long, tedious piece of work, while others shaped and spliced the rounded ends earth, and to build up the outside platform. The of the building. This was expert work, for all shaping was from rough logs, and measurements building looked something like a giant anthill, as only by eye. the two hundred boys and our own one hundred We had prepared 20,000 yards of sinnet (string), but we soon realized that there was not and fifty girls rushed backwards and forwards nearly enough. It is an expensive item if it has to be bought so we challenged the girls and asked carrying baskets of soil. them to make as much as they could in a week out-of-school hours. The compound resounded The girls had to go to a part of the beach nine with the thud of beating coconut husk, for the husk had to be gathered, washed, beaten, and miles away for a special kind of grey pebble for rolled before the plaiting could be started. Everyone, big and little, walked round for that week the surface, a species much admired by the with a bundle of husk, and the length of string grew steadily. There was tense excitement when Samoans. lit took two days to gather enough for we measured it a week later; even the tiny girls brought a few yards as their contribution. Alto- forty lorry loads. The village near by entertained gether they had made 26,000 yards in that one week and the sinnet, used in the entire building, the girls, and helped them with the work. is twenty-eight miles in length. The outside posts of the chapel are tree ferns, The girls also undertook to make the thatch, which is the leaf of the sugarcane twisted on to with a beautiful, rounded surface. There are a pieces of wild bamboo two and a half feet long. Some went into the forest to cut the bamboo, while hundred altogether, and they had to be brought others gathered the dried leaves of sugarcane. There are 8,000 pieces of thatch on the roof, made from a forest on a hill ten miles away. by the schoolgirls themselves. The girls helped also to make the lattice work When the building was completed, the next consideration was the floor, which must first be made and blinds, which are slats cut from the slender with heavy rocks, with a layer of beaten earth, and finally covered with a layer of small pebbles some wild coconut and bound together with string. six inches deep. The students of Malue offered to put in a day bringing up the heavy stones which They designed and made the basketwork lampthe girls could not lift; they worked very hard, but it was a merry time. Then the boys of the shades which cover the electric light and match the general scheme of the building.

To stain the woodwork we made a varnish from the bark of the mangrove, and darkened it, as it is red, with lampblack made from the candlenut.

There is very little furniture needed in our chapel, for the congregation sit in Samoan style on the floor for which old Papauta girls in the Tokelau Islands have made beautiful mats. The pulpit is of pomuli, a Samoan forest tree and the log had to be brought several miles. This was the gift of a friend of the school. , Now this truly Samoan chapel lies in the shadow of Vaea Hill, where sleeps Robert Louis Stevenson in his grave "Under the wide and starry sky"; and in front stretches a wide view of the sea beyond the white waves breaking on the coral reef.

Situation in Korea*

By C. BURNELL OLDS, Japan -<I£( Missionary of the American Board T HE process of Japanese assimilation is go- city of 150,000, are seventeen flourishing Pres- ing on in as healthy fashion as could be ex- byterian churches, half of them organized within pected. I heard some complaint from the the last fifteen years, while within the suburban missionaries that the attitude of the government area of the city are twenty-;five Presbyterian in compelling conformity to her program of shrine churches, with 350 country churches of the same worship and reverence for the Japanese soldiers denomination in the province.

who had been killed in battle in Manchuria, was On Sunday morning, in visiting half a dozen of not wise. these churches at the hour of Sunday school, I The government is making great strides in the found practically the whole church constituency Japanization of the population through her diligently engaged in the study of the Bible. No educational program. During the last year the church member or church adherent, old or young, number of primary schools under government is regarded as in good standing if he was not a supervision increased from 4,000 to 7,000. As regular attendant at Sunday school. In the first practically all the instruction in these schools is church visited, 1,115 children were gathered in carried on in the Japanese language this means well-organized classes, during the first hour of the that Japanese is fast becoming the language of morning, followed, the next hour, by 709 adult the country. women, while during the last hour, just before Since Japan is planning evidently to take over noon, there were 344 men gathered for their reg- into her own hands as rapidly as possible the en- ular class work. This made a total attendance at tire educational enterprise in Korea, the mission- Sunday school that morning in that one church, ary enterprise will of necessity have to undergo of 2,168, and that was only an average day.

considerable change. At present a number of sec- The preaching service is held regularly in the afternoon, but since this was a special day, in ondary and higher mission schools are doing work honor of the meeting of the General Assembly, a great mass meeting of all the Presbyterian of such excellent quality that the government may churches in the city was held on the playground of one of the large schools belonging to the misnot be able soon to dispense with them, but even- sion, and it was estimated that there were between 12,000 and 15,000 people present at that service. tually her own system will be so far perfected as This was followed by a parade through the city, in which some five or six thousand people parto make it difficult for privately controlled schools ticipated. Such is the strength of the Presby- terian church in that city, to say nothing of the to continue. Even now students of mission work of the Methodist churches which is, in some respects equally strong. The point to be noted is schools are put to a great disadvantage in view the universal emphasis put upon the work of the Sunday school, as the training school of the of the preferential treatment given to all grad- church. I was interested also to see how well or- ganized the work seemed to be. The classes uates from the government system. seemed to average between ten and twenty mem- bers, but even so, regardless of the large number The missionary in Korea, as compared with of teachers required, there seemed to be no dearth of teacher material. Hundreds of the teachers, I Japan, occupies a position of predominant in- was told, came from the boys' and girls' schools that the mission has in the city for some ninety fluence, though undoubtedly that is waning rather per cent of the student body in these schools is Christian and most of them are engaged in Sunthan waxing. The Korean Christians are begin- ning to chafe under the missionary's too persistent exercise of control.

One cannot but be impressed by the amazing efficiency of the organization that the missionaries have built up during this first fifty years in the Christian movement in Korea. • I was especially impressed by the strength of the organization built up by the Presbyterians and by the efficiency of the method developed by them.

To see the work of the Northern Presbyterians one needs to go to Pyengyang, the largest Pres- byterian mission station in the world. Here, in a • Condensed from The Japan Christian Quarterly. day school work.

[427 ] Effective Ways of Working j 'Tested Methods for Increasing Interest at Home EDITED BY MRS. ESTELLA S. AITCHISON, GRANVILLE, OHIO ~=I================~====~======~ HOME MISSION STUDY the teachings of Christ are sufficient your church, locally and as a denomi- for meeting all the problems of the col- COURSES nation? lective life." 2. List activities and accomplish- The books issued annually for Devotional theme for the Course: the United Mission Study courses ments of your church which are funhave become increasing popular, "There remaineth very much land to damentally home mission and give not only for use in church or com- be possessed." Josh. 13: 1 c. (R. V.). reasons. List agencies in your community schools of missions but munity which illustrate the broader also in group study in Sunday Course Hymn: "America, the Beau- definition. Discuss the relation of the school, discussion sessions of the prayer meeting, as a basis for tiful." local church to these. programs in young people's and The Study Involves: A review of 3. Debate: The Church should conwomen's missionary organizations, and even as source mate- the pioneer home mission enterprise; fine itself to inspiring people to prorial for the pastor's sermons. Coupled with the reading courses an analysis of recent trends in our na- mote such activities as health and recin vogue in nearly all denomina- tional life as affecting and affected by reation centers, settlements, hospitals tions, they have made themselves the Christian Church; an appraisal of and clinics, rather than to engage in felt in church finances. One na- the present home missions program; a them as an organization. tional secretary of missionary consideration of the enterprise "in reeducation said that in her de- lation to the total task of the Church 4. Discuss the relation of the church nomination the relationship be- and to the inclusive purposes of the as an organization toward such evils tween study and financial re- Christian religion as these are under- as bad housing, civic corruption, liquor turns was direct and unquestion- stood and accepted by the Church." able. Whatever division of opin- and narcotics traffic, unwholesome ion there might be on the ques- Aims of the Course: tion of the continuance of for- 1. To review the history of home amusements, etc. eign missions, there surely can missions as a background for ap- 5. Make a study of one large city, be none as to the practical value praisal of the needs and opportunities of the home bookS" this year. indicating in parallel columns causes They have been linked up di- of the present. rectly with social, economic and 2. To consider the extent to which for growth, effect on industry, culture. religious issues of dominant im- distribution of population, etc., and portance. the existing home missions program is ways in which the Church tried to supplying spiritual ministry in Amer- meet new problems. Make a similar Toward a Christian America ican life. study of one rural field. by Hermann N. Morse affords 3. To define and assume our indi- Chapters 5 and 6 aim to discover excellent study or discussion material. Mrs. B. P. Heubner, of vidual Christian responsibilities in the areas in need of evangelization and to Galesburg, Illinois, sends the outline used by her as instructor in enterprise. evaluate the means available to meet the Boulder, Colorado, Summer Chapters 1 and 2 aim to discover the School of Missions. Only a few the needs. high lights can be used in our home mission motive and trace the be- Devotional Theme: "That all may limited space; but those wishing ginnings of the efforts. to secure the full outline may know Him." Rom. 10: 13-15. have it at cost price plus postage, Devotional The me: Yesterday's 15 cents, addressing her at 56 E. Spiritual Frontiers. Rom. 1: 13-25 Assignments: Fremont Street. (R. V.). 1. List methods used by your local The Key Quotation was: Home mis- Special Assignments and Devices: sions must think of the salvation of so- 1. A brief history of your church in 'churches to win men to Christ and conciety as well as of individuals, and that sider their effectiveness. America with attention to extensions in its program. 2. Original dramatization: A local church official board meeting with pas- 2. "The Missions Map Grows"-a tor discussing such questions as:- chalk talk indicating the settlement of How many of the present membership emigrants, approximate dates, indus- of this church are active in its work? tries affected by their coming and cor- How many do not attend services, give responding- missionary expansion. financial support or show interest in its program? Are there unchurched 3. Reading'S or dramatizations from people in the community? How can "We Must March" (Honore Morrow.). they be reached? What is our respon- sibility in their evangelization? In re- 4. "The March of Time," introduc- ing' the characters of Chapter 2. enlisting those on the membership list? 3. A review of your denomination's 5. "Thumb-nail statements" of pres- ent status of pioneer stations reviewed Christian Americanization work. in this session. 4. Story hour period of "human in- Chapters 3 and 4 aim to comprettend terest" narratives from such fields as the broadening scope of the ChurCh's function in American life. this session considers. 5. A thought question: Should the Devotional Themes: Today's Spir- itual Frontiers. Matt. 6: 33. (See Church carryon any activity which is text, p. 56.). The Christian as Inter- not in some way, directly or indirectly, preter. Isa. 40: 3. evangelistic? Chapters 7 and 8 survey the Church's Assignments: ministry of practical service as now 1. How have the forces summarized conducted and consider its relationship on page 52 affected the program of to the extension of a social welfare [428 ] program.

EFFECTIVE WAYS OF WORKING

Devotional Theme: Jesus' posses- year was "Looking Upward- York City, marking package "Books sion of "new land" through service. Claiming Spiritual Treasures in for the Philippines," as many commu- Matt. 4: 23. (a) Bible Study; (b) Prayer nities are bookless although the people and Intercession; (c) Devo- love to read. Arrange a shower of Assignments: tional Books." This year's em- books and magazines (and magazine phasis is upon "Reaching Out- subscriptions.) for home mission insti- 1. Compile a list of home mISSIon ward-Seeking Living Treas- tutions. service agencies in your state. Is ure." The climactic note in 1936there duplication with similar govern- 1937 will be "Moving Forward- Set up an inquiry as to recreational mental or public agencies? Sharing Love's Treasures." This advantages, hospital facilities, etc., for year's emphasis is timely in view otHer racial or national groups in your 2. Use electrified map locating serv- of the study topics: "For the community and bring pressure to corice projects in your denomination. As ultimate measure of both our rect any inequalities. each light is flashed on, have a brief work in the homeland and our sketch of that project. Impersonate mission in Latin America must Sponsor a Church School of Misworkers at the various stations, giving be in terms of human lives and sions. information in the first person. human relationships. To a large degree the early exploration and Plan a Pan-American evening with 3. Review or readings from "Nurses colonization of the American an exhibit of pictures and objects illuson Horseback" (Ernest Boole) or continent were motivated by the trating home life, etc., in Latin Amer- "Clever Country" (Carolyn Gardner). search for material treasure. It ican countries and have a program in is the high mission of the Church keeping. 4. "Relay story," given like relay to rediscover America in terms race, of "Quare Women" or "The Glass of her living treasure." Coordinated with these programs is Window" (Lucy Furman). a leaflet packet interpreting each The September to January outlines month's theme by discussions, drama- 5. Exhibit of handicraft stimulated feature "Treasures at Our Door- tizations, stories, book reviews, panel by missions among Indians, Southern Awaiting the Pioneer": "In Rural discussions, conversations, selected Mountain People, West Indians, Mexi- Areas," "In Areas of Attitude and Ac- poems and the like, furnishing good cans and urban centers, its discussion tion" and "In the Paths of Peace." material for any denomination willing creating atmosphere and imparting in- Among the questions for personal to substitute its own specifics. formation about the various peoples. preparation are: Address the Society at Missions Chapters 9 and 10 appraise the prog- Do I, as an individual, enjoy any Building, 222 Downey Ave., Indianress made toward accomplishment of benefits as the result of home mis- apolis, Ind. the ultimate objectives of home mis- sions? What? sions. BULLETIN NUMBER Is my community a friendly place for Devotional Theme: Possessions to- the representatives of the various THREE gether in His Name. Heb. 11: 40 b; races and nations? Joshua 13: 1 c. Those who have used Bulletins How would these groups answer the Number One and Two of the Pro- Assignments: same question? fessional Advisory Section on Missionary Education of the In- 1. Survey of local social welfare A Christian order of society: what ternational Council of Religious agencies from standpoints of coopera- does this involve in regard to church Education (and the secretary retion, duplication or overlooking, and unity, race relations, housing, economic ports a large number of orders adequacy in meeting needs. conditions, etc.? from readers of THE REVIEW) will find the third issue, which 2. List important tasks in your com- What elements in our national life came out in July, of even greater munity which are done cooperatively retard efforts toward world peace? value, since it fits in with the two by churches and which can be consid- study themes for this year and ered as home mission tasks according January to June outlines feature provides excellent auxiliary and to the interpretation in this course, "Treasures Next Door-the Lay of the source material instead of spegiving attention to any tasks at- Land" : "Beyond the Rio Grande," cific methods as heretofore. It tempted competitively. "The Pearl of the Caribbean," "Cos- reports the main addresses given mopolitan Argoentina." "Libertv-Lov- at the February meeting of the 3. Study one cooperative orgoaniza- ing Paraguay" and "Treasures Sought Council and falls under the foltion like the Home Missions Council, and Found." Some of the questions lowing four heads: Federal Council of Churches, Mission- are: ary Education Movement, etc. 1. The address of Dr. T. P. H. What effect do the economic condi- Sailer of the Missionary Educa- 4. In parallel columns list the rela- tions of Puerto Rico have upon the tion Movement, on "The Situative advantages and disadvantages of Church? tion in China" and starts from denominational emphasis in the home this keynote: "The Chinese mission enterprise; of interdenomina- Has our country's attitude in the Church is too frequently giving tional cooperation. conflict between Paragouay and Bolivia its efforts to an imitation of been consistent with the teachings of the conventional forms of the 5. Discuss: If it could be demon- our missions? Church in the West rather than strated that it would be for the g'ood studying and meeting needs. of the cause of Christ in your com- How can the U. S. as a nation pro- Many Christian leaders, Chinese munity if your church were' disbanded mote friendly relations with Latin and foreign, gave testimony to and the members taken into another American peoples? this effect. . . . What should Protestant church, what &r'!'Uments be the Christian policy under for and against the plan would you ad- Some of the projects under "Reach- such circumstances?" The disvance? ing' Outwprd" are: cussion of this theme and also of Mrs. Heubner's complete outline Seek living treasures in your own gives many more assiO'nments and a church and community in a quest for very comprehensive biblioO'r3nhv. Ex- those who will share actively in memcerpts from her course on "Christi3n bership and service. youth in Action," l1S taugoht in July, at Lake Koronis, Minnesota, will ap- Send stories, books of travel, biogpear next month. raphy, handicrafts, the classics, etc., to the Methodist Episcopal Board of For- SEF.'KTN''''- T.TVTNG eign Missions, 150 Fifth Ave., New TREASURE Th~ United Chrh;tlan Mi<1sionary Society is working- lln~er a three-year program on "Treasure Seeking." The keynote last

the situation in Japan is detailed tive outline last year, their sub- -may be used to paste little outand authoritative and throws ject matter being divided into line bottles on whenever mismuch light on the matter of "Re- five- and ten-minute talks: sion stations at definite points Thinking Missions." are mentioned. Contrast with Opportunity. Vast, unchristianized the size of the world the few sta- 2. A panel discussion of home regions of our country considered and tions we maintain. missions participated in by Dr. pressing needs emphasized. Charles H. Heimsath; Dr. W. R. Expressional work may well King, Executive Secretary of the Charity. Large amount used in be the dressing of nurse and doc- Home Missions Council; Dr. J. medical mission work, etc. Brand in- tor dolls or the makiing of scrap- L. Lobinger, Chairman of the dispensable. books for children in hospitals Department of World Fellowship either here or in foreign lands. in the Congregational Education Spirituality. None of better quality. Visiting a real hospital, if one is Society; Miss Anne Seesholtz, Its company endeavors to make brand available, and making sunshine Executive Secretary of the Coun- more popular especially with students. boxes (filled with little toys, letcil of Women for Home Mis- (Deals with religious education, evan- ters, pictures, cards, etc., done sions; Rev. J. S. Stowell, Direc- gelism, etc.) up in separate packages and tor of Publicity of the M. E. marked to be opened at different Board of Home Missions, as well Unity. Increasing demand for this times) for use among crippled or as a number of people in the au- brand. Its lack one of greatest deter- charity patients would be a dience, the report indicating the rents to foreign missionary progress. prime expression. Some patients several contributions by identify- would be allowed to have fruits ing designations. Finer mate- Prosperity. Comparatively modern and candies. Playing games rial on the theme, "What is the brand grown by horticulturists under with the patients in hospitals for future of Home Missions in the direction of Christiani-tea Company. cripples is another activity, the light of the increased emphasis (Agricultural missions.) games being, of course, all of a on social relations"? can scarcely sort to be played sitting still. be found anywhere, and not only Brands of rival companies laymen but pastors and teachers were: Conformity (custom-fol- A suitable program for the inof mission study classes will lowing, as in China); Modernity spirational meeting might be as benefit by reading it carefully. (young China's flair for new follows : ventures); Infidelity (Russian 3. The address by Rev. S. brand in particular). A Chinese Hymn, "Rescue the Perishing," or Franklin Mack of the Presbyte- figure cut out of wall paper was "The Great Physician," followed by rian Board of Foreign Missions used to carry the program, name prayer. on his recent trip taking motion and date of each meeting being pictur€;s in Latin America for inscribed. Devotional lesson on "Jesus heals use in the interdenominational and then the disciples try." study of the current year dis- Crusaders of Compassion cusses at length (a) "The Re- Discussion of Presbyterian (or ligious Sit u a t ion in Latin This program for Juniors may whatever the denomination may be) America," and (b) "Protestant be held out of doors around a hospitals around the world, using map Achievements and Prospects" in camp fire, hence it fits in well as indicated. a fine, appreciative critique. with the present season. Stories of medical missionaries, taken Prayer for the sick, doctors, nurses, 4. A discussion by Dr. and from study books or the pam- native helpers, salvation of souls Mrs~D. C. Baldwin of their work phlet literature of your denom- through this ministry of healing, etc. among college students in Amer- ination may be divided into secica, with a view to throwing light tions and assigned to good talkers Dramatizations of little medical mison the facts as obtained from the in the membership; or if the sion incidents, in costume, may be students themselves, facing and stories seem a bit long, invite made very effective. analyzing the difficulties and sug- some intermediate members to gesting ways of meeting them. tell them. Seat audience around -Adapted from outlines by Miss College pastors and counselors a camp fire and have recreational M. Katherine Harris, in will find this particularly helpful. songs for the warming-up, then "World Comrades." lead into a good hymn before be- The mimeographed fourteen- ginning the program. After the J. Hudson Taylor said that the page report is sold at the cost story-telling, s,ing again, then following are necessary to the price of 25 cents. Address Miss quietly have your Scripture equipment of a missionary: Ruth HeinmiIIer, 2969 West 25th study and close with a prayer St., Cleveland, Ohio. before the social f eat u res. A life yielded to God and controlled Toasted marshmallows make a Christiani-tea Company good climax. Another group by His Spirit. might use the topic, "Bibles and The women of the First Bap- Pill Bottles," the program being A restful trust in God for the supply tist church of Hillsdale, Mich- written on paper cut in the igan, used the following attrac- shape of a pill bottle with pic- of all needs. tures of hospitals, nurses, etc., pasted on duplicate pages tied A sympathetic spirit and a willing- together with the colors of the organization. A good map of the ness to take a lowly place. world – homemade or otherwise Tact in dealing with men and adap- tability to circumstances. .

Zeal in service and steadfastness in discouragement.

Love for communion with God and for the study of His Word.

Some experience and blessing in the Lord's work at home.

A healthy body and a vigorous mind.

~'====~~====='~

BULLETIN OF ; The Council of Women for Home Missions ~=I=============================I~ ANNE SEESHOLTZ, EXECUTIVE SECRETARY, 105 EAST TWENTY-SECOND STREET, NEW YORK'

Setting-Up Conference for group their experiences, point- The discussion of the use of ing out the importance of the re- the 1935 vacation church school , Migrant Work lation of the Council staff to the migrants themselves, to the em- text for nursery and kinder- A dream of the Council of ployers and to the local commu- garten school, "Let's Go Out-of- Women for Home Missions be- nities. Thus the group was Doors," was led by Miss Frances came a reality this year when oriented in a measure to the sitabout thirty young men and uation in which they would find M. Hedden, Director of Chilwomen, who were soon to serve themselves. Now they were dren's Work, New Jersey Counin migrant camps in the East, ready for help in building pro- cil of Religious Education. met at Salvedale Camp, Califon, grams for the various aged New Jersey, for the first setting- groups in migrant camps-pro- Then, Miss Jeannette E. Perkins, up conference for migrant work, grams that would really develop member of the Editorial Staff, June 22-26. These were to be physical, mental and spiritual Congregational Publishing Sodays of preparation for Chris- strength. The faculty, all spe- ciety, and head of the Primary tian service among the migrant cialists in various fields, did an people in Delaware, Maryland, outstanding piece of work. They Department, Riverside Church, New Jersey, New York and Con- caught the spirit of enthusiasm New York City, suggested ways necticut through the summer of the group. The first and sec- of using "Exploring God's Outand early fall. These young peo- ond evenings Miss Marguerite ple, graduates and undergrad- Hazzard, head of the Depart- of-Doors," the 1935 vacation u ate s, represented Columbia ment of Church School Music, church school text for primary University, Mt. Holyoke College, School of Sacred Music, Union Sarah Lawrence College, Syra- Theological Seminary, showed children. She also fascinated cuse University, Bennett College, how to teach songs to groups, the group with her lesson in State Teachers Colleges of New taught a number of songs that spatter work and blueprinting. Jersey and New York, Biblical they in turn could teach, and Seminary, New Jersey College suggested many others suitable As the majority of the chilfor Women, Bucknell University, for the various age groups. She dren at the migrant centers dur- Colgate – Rochester D i v i nit y helped the group to see the vital ing the daytime are of nursery, School, Yale Divinity School, part that music can play in the kindergarten and primary ages, Princeton Theological Seminary, program at a migrant center. Northern B apt i s t Seminary, Miss Marie Gaertner, head of Eastern Baptist Seminary, and [431 ] the Nursery School, New Jersey Hartford Seminary Foundation. Interesting also was the wide College for Women, gave the range of denominations repre- young people invaluable help in sented: Northern Baptist, Congregational – Christian, Pro t- methods of handling children of estant Episcopal, Mis sou r i these ages and various types of Synod Lutheran, United Lutheran, Methodist Episcopal, A. M. children-the friendly child, the E. Zion, Presbyterian U. S. A. shy child, the negative child, the and Reformed in America.

Although almost all were meeting for the first time, there seemed to be an unusual spirit of oneness in the group. For four days they worked, played, studied and worshiped together. Five former staff members who had served several summers in migrant centers reviewed for the

over-stimulated child, the fright- Work, led the group as they grower for his investment, risk, worry talked and thought together. and labor." ened child, the imaginary child, There were moments of quiet in the talkative child and the child the group, moments when each Experienced adult pickers are said with an inferiority complex. She one around that camp fire dedi- to make from $1.75 to $2.50 per day. cated himself to the task of mak- To those who say migratory workers illustrated story – telling and ing "more abundant" the lives should have more pay and better livshowed how to make toys and of the migrant people. ing conditions, the grower asks where playground equipment out of the additional money to provide these New Complication in the changes is coming from. He says with things at hand, such as cigar consumers in the cities demanding boxes, planks of wood, nail kegs Migrant Situation cheap food on the one hand, labor de- manding higher pay and better living and spools. The value of group The education, health, low conditions on the other, it is imposactivity with modeling clay was wages and living conditions, sible to satisfy both and stay in busi- have long been problems in the ness. Even today, the farmers say, also demonstrated. migrant situation. The relief the majority of their number are One evening Mrs. Newman, of program has brought a new com- heavily in debt. . . ." plication. To quote from the the Music Department of the New York Times, July 7, 1935: Labor Sunday Message, 1935 E. R. A. of New York City, Recent events in this extensive berry Excerpts from Message of demonstrated singing games and growing area (Hammonton, New Jer- Federal Council of Churches of community singing. At another sey) have focused public attention on Christ in America: session, Mrs. Pauline Rappaport, a situation that for many months has been the subject of much discussion in "But in the midst of our suf- Assistant Recreation Supervisor gatherings of fruit and vegetable fering a glorious truth shines of Bergen County, New Jersey, growers, whose crops are largely har- clear. For the first time in hugave excellent suggestions for vested by seasonal or migratory man history, man has the tech- workers. For many years labor of nical knowledge to solve his ecohandcraft both for little children this kind has been recruited without nomic problem. He can at last and older boys and girls. Prac- difficulty from metropolitan areas, en- provide sufficient material goods tically all of her suggestions tire families moving out into the coun- for an abundant life. Since the try to work as harvest hands as the depression the researches of could be followed out with very various crops matured. scientists and engineers, the findsimple equipment and could be ings of private and governmental Farmers contend that, with the ad- commissions, have been reiteratcompleted within a short space vent of emergency relief, it has be- ing this same basic fact. The of time, an important item with come increasingly difficult to obtain natural resources of the United harvest hands and other temporary States of America and the inchildren. labor. Matters came to a head here dustrial and agricultural equip- last week when, it is asserted, there ment are sufficient to give every While several of the other were not enough pickers available to man, woman and child the mamembers of the faculty touched move a raspberry crop variously esti- terial basis for the good life. Reon recreation, Mrs. Annetta mated to be worth from $300,000 to cent governmental estimates and Humphries, Recreation Super- $500,000. . . . other authoritative studies have indicated that had our plant been visor of Bergen County, New One criticism is that the farmer used to capacity in 1929 over Jersey, was exceedingly helpful underpays this help. This point has $4,000 in goods and services been made with respect to the two and could have been supplied to in showing how to teach games a half cents a pint the grower is pay- every American family. Neverto groups and she also taught ing for picking raspberries. . . . theless, 16,000,000 American families, or nearly two-thirds of games which were suitable for Another criticism the farmer has our people, actually received in the young people at the centers. faced bears on the living conditions on that year less than $2,000. . . . farms for migratory workers. From Health, a vitally important various sources it has been charged "Finally, the churches must that the camp-like environment in ceaselessly proclaim that out of part of the program was covered which the migrant workers live varies the heart are the issues of life. by Mrs. McLaughlin of the State all the way from "inadequate" to True religion must stand always Department of. Health in New "unspeakable." . . . not only against exploitation but against the very desire to ex- Jersey, and Miss Marie Doer- Support of the raspberry growers' ploit. The Christian religion mann, Specialist in Nutrition, contention that they cannot pay more demands now and must always Extension Work in Agriculture than two and a half cents a pint for demand that both human hearts picking was given by Professor J. and human institutions be conand Home Economics in New Harold Clark, small fruits specialist trolled and judged by that mind Jersey. Miss Doermann majored of the State Agricultural Experiment which was in Christ Jesus. . . ." on the planning of menus for Station at Rutgers University. Gross returns to the growers, he pointed out, Suggestions for the observance of lunches that would be tasty as have been six and a half cents a pint Labor Sunday and Bibliography may well as nutritious. Mrs. Mc- this season. Professor Clark said the be secured for five cents, from 105 Laughlin gave excellent sugges- grower would have to charge off one East 22d St., N. Y., N. Y. cent for the berry crate and boxes, tions for the care of babies in one-half cent for fertilizer, one-half the nursery, using a large doll cent for cultivation, hoeing and other for demonstration. growing costs, and another half cent for taxes, interest on investment and The last eve n i n g all met other overhead charges. around the camp fire to talk over the experiences of these days to- "This totals five cents a pint for all costs," Professor Clark said, "leaving gether, what these days of prep- one and a half cents a pint to the aration had meant, and the challenge of the task that each was about to undertake. Miss Laura H. Parker, Chairman of the Council's Committee on Migrant

'~I~~~~~~~~~~~~~~==~~~~~~

~~I_=====()==u=A=r=M=;xr=SiO=nO=ary=r=~d=ew=::V=~=!=~=:=c=ur=r~=mU=E=:=~~=s=o=k======_~~ JAPAN-CHOSEN John R. Mott in Japan than 17,000 members of the Union, which is established in The Far East Situa.tion As a result of Dr. Mott's re- many parts of the Far East. A cent conferences with the young J a pan e s e correspondent at Dr. Wynn C. Fairfield, Secre- Japanese, the following resolu- Tokyo states that Islam is still tary of the American Board, who tions were adopted and referred a long way from having any aprecently visited Asia, reports to the National Committee of the preciable standing in Japan. that, in general, Christian lead- Y. M. C. A. in Japan: Mohammedanism, he says, is ers take the whole Manchurian still classified in Japan among development as a fait accompli 1. Increased efforts to expand the the quasi-religions. unlikely to be reversed, and cer- work of the City Associations to new tainly not as a subject for con- centers, and to train the leaders for -Moslem World. tinued agitation on the part of such expansion. the Christian group. Even an Temperance League outstanding Christian, who care- 2. The adoption of a program that Anniversary fully refrained from defense of will elevate the quality of the present Japan, took the attitude that the student Associations. It is suggested Japan's Temperance League Christians had for years left the that the National Committee place a was 50 years old last April. The Manchurian question to the gov- student secretary in each important 16th National Conference was ernment. There is a general student center, or at least one man in held in Yokohama, where the satisfection with the successful each of the present districts. League was founded. The first negotiations for the transfer of session of the conference was in the Chinese Eastern Railway 3. Increase the number of student charge of the juvenile section of from Russia to Manchukuo. hostels. the League, and this was fol- This will clarify Japanese-Rus- lowed by a lantern procession in sian relations and make for 4. Adopt a program of leadership the evening. The public was peaceful understanding. training for Middle School Associa- surprised at the number of youth tions. enrolled in the movement, and The Christian group, as seen their ability and enthusiasm in in a number of personal inter- 5. A larger measure of cooperation promoting temperance. The views and larger conferences, with the various world-wide Christian N. T. L. is a reform movement seems to expect no further de- movements. of national importance, and with velopments in relation to China. government recognition is pro- Rather, the gaze is turned east- 6. Plan to establish Y. M. C. A.'s moting education for temperance ward, where the shadow of in industrial and rural regions. and purity in every nook and American militarism is pro- corner of Japan and her dejected. 7. Cooperate in the promotion of pendencies. ~mutual understanding among the na- Everywhere there was evi- tions of the world. Rebuilding Village Life dence of determined interest of Japanese, both Christian aI].d S. Study the possibility of pro- In proportion to her area and non-Christian, in better under- moting the Y. M. C. A. in Manchuria. population Japan has one of the standing and peacemaking. Rep- "Christian Leadership" and "Spiritual largest student bodies of any naresentatives of fifteen peace or- Habits" were discussed by Dr. Mott tion in the world. Tokyo alone ganizations met Dr. John R. with a force and persuasiveness that has 300,000 students attending Mott and expressed their strong moved every delegate to a new con- schools of various types and interest in the improvement of sideration of his own resources and grades. Japan has one of the understanding between Japan responsibilities. best organized educational sysand America. A representative tems in the world; her literacy of the Three Religions. Associa- Islam in Japan is 99.7 per cent. It is evident tions, formed in 1924, and in- that evangelism requires trained cluding Shintoists, Buddhists Almost 600 Moslems, includ- leaders. and Christians, quoted a Jap- ing Indians, Tartars, Turks and anese proverb: "If in a hurry, Japanese, have formed a Moslem Today, the Christian movego around." In international Union in Manchuria. The aim ment is reaching out into rural political matters, the way of is to preach the Koran in the Japan. During the past seventy rapid progress is to "go around" Far East, and the center of the years, Christian forces have through religion. -Advance. Union is at Tokyo. Little by concentrated their efforts in little they set up mosques and .schools in Tokyo, Kobe and other cities. The Japanese Govern- ment gave them free land for this purpose and provided teach- ers whose salaries were paid by the Government. In one of the Universities of Japan a special class with free scholarships to Moslem stu den t s has been opened by the Government.

At present, there are more [433 ]

cities and larger towns. Ap- entirely on the Presbyterian trained in Moo.dy Bible Institute, proximately 31,900,000 people Church in Korea and America. Chicago, and the Missionary live in 11,434 rural towns and The need for this Bible school is School of Medicine in Londo.n. villages. This inc Iud e s the great-to train Korean Chris- She Io.cated in Perigi, district of 1,450,000 fishing folk and the tian lay workers as evangelists Landak, built her own dwelling 450,000 miners, who are dis- and Bible teachers. and added a tiny dispensary. persed in these rural communi- She has also made prolonged and ties. Of the towns and villages, Some of the results of the arduous journeys into the far 9,127 lie beyond the range of work are shown in a letter from inland and untouched regions, by Christian influence. The Baptist the late Mrs. W. J. Anderson of means of coolies or bearers, Mission is in the initial stages Seoul: carrying food sup p lie sand of developing two Rural Life shelter. These journeys cover Demonstration Centers: one in Traveling over Korea the mission- new territory each time and last northern, and the other in south- aries frequently meet Pierson Bible as long as four weeks. Only the ern Japan. These projects aim School graduates who are doing effec- merest fringe of the territory at rebuilding the total life of the tive work. Mr. Oh, a blind student has been touched. village – agricultural, economic, had a class of twenty or thirty who social, moral and religious-on a met regularly at the Sung Dong The Scripture Gift Mission Christian basis and according to Church. The Koreans are great peo- sponsors this work and hopes to Christian principles. ple to follow the sun rather than the send another woman missionary clock, and on a dark, cloudy morning to join Miss van 't Eind. – Watchman-Examiner. service is very apt to be a half hour late in beginning; but these blind Suicide Among Dyaks Methodist Student Conference young men seem to have better sense of time than those with eyes, and they Unlike the Japanese who think The first All-Japan Methodist are always on time. After their Bible it co.urageous to take one's own Student Conference was held in study in one of the classrooms, they life, the Dyaks of Borneo think Tokyo during the summer, with come in to the church service. Mr. Oh it cowardly and shameful. The 60 delegates in attendance. married a widow with one little girl, following incident is to.ld in The a darling bright-eyed child dearly Pioneer: A committee was appointed to loved by all the blind boys. Her habit cooperate with the adult com- was to lead them into their places Some excited Dyaks summoned me mittees of the denomination in Sunday morning, always with a ra- to their long house and upon entering studying the needs, and ways of diant smile. I saw a strange sight. A Dyak woman meeting the needs, of students sat bolt upright against the wall. Her in Japan today, and particularly Rev. W. J. Anderson, of Seoul, eyes were closed, her head was tied to prepare for a larger and if is the new administrator of the against a board, her feet were tied possible an interdenominational Pierson Memorial Work. together, her hands were clasped bestudent conference in the near fore her. The woman was dead – a future. The significance of this Hospital Replaced suicide. I learned that because of first denominational national grief over the death of her husband student conference in this land Despite the destruction by fire and child she had drunk of the pulp lies in the fact that it testifies of the Southern Presbyterian of the tuba root, which brought her to the awakening of Japanese hospitals at K wan g j u and to a speedy end. churches to their responsibility Chunju, the medical work of the to students and youth; and indi- mission has had a most encour- I heard other Dyaks enter, then the cates that the churches as such aging year. At Kwangju a new sound of loud slapping and angry must hereafter be reckoned with building has already replaced the voices; the relatives of the suicide as important factors in the stu- old one, and the record for hos- stood over her corpse and beat it undent Christian movement in the pital operations was greater mercifully, accompanied with loud de- Japanese empire. than the total number during the nunciation of her action, inasmuch as previous two and one-half years. it was a disgrace to all her relatives. -The Christian Century. In cramped, temporary quarters, 137 operations were performed. Usually the Dyaks bury their dead Pierson Memorial Bible School in rough boxes made from trees. To There has been a marked in- sh6w their contempt in this case, they Owing to changed conditions crease in the members enrolled merely tied three boards together, in the church and missions in in mission schools. During the which served as a stretcher. The men Korea, the Methodist Missions year 1,451 communicants have hurried off with their sorry burden, (North and South) have with- been added, while 2,736 have off to a lonely grave apart from the drawn from the work of the been added to the catechumen others. There was no ceremony, no Pierson Memorial Bible School roll. The list of communicants lamenting, nothing but loud scolding. in Seoul and that institution is now stands at 13,318 in a Chrisnow entirely under the control tian constituency of 42,000. In the Dutch East Indies of the Presbyterians. This will • -Christian Observer. siUlPlify the problems of man- .In this area there are a comagement and teaching while it ISLANDS OF THE PACIFIC paratively small number of well places the financial responsibility developed Reformed churches bf Untouched Areas a strict Calvinistic type and a few smaller groups, such as the About two years ago a new Adventists, with adherents prin- area was opened to the Gospel by cipally in humbler circles. By Miss Greet van 't Eind who was far the greatest number o.f the Christians belong to. the General

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

Protestant Church. The old that he wanted to be christened largest Protestant denomination, East India Company had in its as soon as he was strong enough with 10,027,929 members. The time introduced the Reformed to walk to the church. Weare Methodists were second, with Church which was the prevalent especially rejoicing because this 8,976,492. The largest religious one at home in the Netherlands. man is influential in his commu- body in the country was still the The Company considered it to be nity." Roman Catholic Church, with its duty to foster not only the 20,398,509 communicants. matters of commerce and juris- The Year in the Philippines diction, but also those of religion. Contributions made by church It founded the first congregation The United Evangelical Church members for all purposes in in 1621 in Batavia. About the of the Philippines continues to 1934 amounted to $299,416,781, same time a Lutheran congrega- grow. Its slogan now is, "Uni- or $12.07 per capita. tion was organized. In the fication of all activities." The middle of the 19th century the organization of a National Chris- Church Effort for Children King of Holland succeeded in tian Endeavor Union and of sevuniting the Reformed and the eral district unions marks this The United Presbyterian Gen- Lutherans in one denomination. as a year of real progress for eral Assembly of 1935 appointed This church has done much good Christian Endeavor. One society a special committee to promote a in the course of three hundred has taken as its special project serious effort to reach all chilyears. The Dutch government the transportation expense of an dren in America with the Chrishas always fostered tbese church earnest Christian who goes each tian message. In Sterling Colinterests in the warmest manner, Sunday afternoon to the near-by lege, Kansas, thirty-four of the even in the case of occurring leprosarium and conducts a Sun- best students signed the followvacancies. In such times the day school for some of the 150 ing: government assumed the care lepers there. There were 9,429 for the vacant congregations, children enrolled in the 247 daily DECLARATION OF PURPOSE their church buildings and had vacation Bible schools in the even the cemeteries kept in area served by Presbyterian mis- It is my prayerful purpose to lead proper condition by prisoners. sionaries. In one congregation, at least 10 boys or girls into real 18 of the children so enrolled trust in Christ as Friend and Saviour Medicine Man Becomes united with the church. One through being a Leader of one or Christian section reports that accessions more Boys or Girls Clubs which I hope to organize. It is also my purpose to Dr. Hawkins K. Jenkins, of this year were 93 % more than help in all possible ways to extend the Saguda, P. I., writes of a signal knowledge and experience of Christ victory over native medicine the average for the seven years to all Children and Youth in America. men. preceding. There are 400 church-con- "One of them became seriously -Women and Missions. nected colleges in the United ill himself, and immediately be- States. If 34 students in each gan to offer sacrifices to evil NORTH AMERICA formed a similar resolution this spirits. He was a sincere be- would mean 13,600 volunteer liever in the teachings which he Churches Gain Over One leaders of boys and girls. had helped for years to pass on Million Members to those younger than he, so he Coverdale Bible Anniversary was quite puzzled when he found George Linn Kieffer, statistithat he derived no benefit from cian of the National Lutheran Over the signature of Robert the sacrifices. When it was Council and head of the Amer- E. Speer, John H. Finley, Wilquite evident that he would soon ican Association of Religious liam Allen White and Martha die unless something more effec- Statisticians, reports that church Berry, announcement was made tive could be done for him, he membership is increasing in the in July of the formation of a naasked to be brought to the hos- United States, and that the gain tional committee to sponsor a pital. There we found that he last year was the greatest since nation-wide commemoration of had a very large abscess of the 1930. the four hundredth anniversary liver, and advised that he be of the first printed English Bible. operated upon immediately. To There were 207 religious Dr. Finley, speaking for the comour great surprise he consented, bodies in the United States in mittee, stated, "On October 4, and now th!>t he is well again he 1934, with a total adult member- 1535, the first printed English is one of the most ardent sup- ship of 62,035,688. These bodies Bible, a translation by Myles porters of the hospital. Shortly added 1,222,064 members. The Coverdale, was issued from the before leaving the hospital he Methodist Episcopal Church, press. During the four centuries told me that he wanted to be- with an increase of 210,475, since that date, it has not only come a member of the Church, headed the list of Protestant de- surpassed in circulation any that he was no longer satisfied nominations. The B apt i s t other book in the world, but has with worshiping evil spirits and Church, which had previously profoundly influenced the lives been first, came second with a of peoples and the ideals of gov- gain of 161,720. The Lutherans ernments. Regional, state, city were third with 101,118. The and church committees through- Baptists continued to be the out the country will arrange suitable programs."

New Bible Society dren carrying heavy burdens of great need of new departments Headquarters pain, suffering, hunger, adnidsesaosre~ of research and medicine. The debt, ignorance, terror, Scudder family has given 400 The American Bible Society years of medical service through has purchased a six-story build- row. medical missionaries in India. ing at 450 Park Avenue, New York, as its general office, li- Rev. James Myers, in his ad- At another "Round Top" sesbrary and salesroom for Scrip- sion Mrs. Peabody spoke of the ture'S. The new location in a dress, said that "missionaries danger of war between Italy and fireproof building will not only Ethiopia, and said that the safeguard the Society's records have ~v.er been the shock troops Treaty of Bethlehem rather than and library containing Scrip- the Treaty of Versailles is the tures in 639 languages and dia- of relIgIOn. They are Christians only hope of peace, as the only lects but will enable it also to successful internationalism is make exhibits and displays of its unafraid, and know how to face that under the leadership of the rare manuscripts and editions Prince of Peace. which for many years have been loneliness, misunderstanding left for safekeeping with the Hungarian Church Celebrates New York Public Library. The persecution, danger, martyrdom' Society hopes to occupy the new The First Magyar Reformed building in the fall, so that it and death in the supreme loyalty Church under the shadow of may be used in connection with Cornell Medical Center in New the celebration of the Four Hun- to Christ. As the church turns York City, is celebrating three dred Years of the Printed Eng- anniversaries this year. The lish Bible from October to De- now with missionary zeal and work was begun 80 years ago cember. when Kossuth visited the United courage and sacrifice to the high States. Forty years ago the members of this church formed adventure of the abolition of war, we may look forward with renewed assurance to the final victory of peace and goodwill among men."

The 2000 people in the parade pledged themselves as follows: "Because I cannot reconcile the Way of Christ with the practice of war, I pledge myself before God to work for the abolition of war as a method of settling international dis- A Demonstration Against War putes and to insist upon the use by a permanent organization, and 20 years ago the new building A dramatic demonstration all governments of the machinery of was erected. against war was impressively peace to maintain international jus- tice and goodwill."

presented by the Northfield Mis- Women's Conference at Manhattan's Abyssinian Northfield Church sionary conference on July 11th. A special Women's Confer- The Abyssinian (Negro) The Peace Parade was hailed as ence was successfully arranged Church in Harlem, New York, this year in connection with the added 771 members last year "an omen of profound signifi- General Conference (July 27- giving the church an enrolled August 12). Mrs. William R. membership of 12,808. The cance in the religious crusade for Moody was chairman, with Mrs. church raised from all sources Henry W. Peabody cooperating, $33,120.76; $8,584.62 of this a warless world." and nearly 300 women regis- amount went to benevolences. tered for the morning sessions. The church ended its fiscal year The Parade for Peace started The general topic was "The Bi- with a surplus of $1,160. ble Our Message: Everyone a at Round Top, the grave of Messenger." This church has a staff of twenty-nine paid workers, in- Dwight L. Moody, pas sed Speakers inc Iud e d Mrs. cluding t'WJ missionaries in Li- Moody, Mrs. Peabody and Mrs. beria, Africa. It gave last year through the village of East Delavan L. Pierson, who has re- $900 toward the support of the cently visted New Guinea, India, Chair of Religious Education at Northfield and back to the camp- and other fields; Mrs. John F. Virginia Union University. It Williamson, of the Westminster owns a home for its aged memus. The Cross was borne in the Choir School; Miss Gnanadi- bers at 732 St. Nicholas Avenue, kam, M.A., of the Madras Wom,.. Manhattan, and all its properties front followed by the massed col- are free of debt. The pastor for an's Christian College, India. 27 years, Rev. A. Clayton ors of the Church, the flags of On August 4, meeting was de- Powell, celebrated his 70th birth- voted to the medical work of Dr. day anniversary May 5 and dothe nations, missionaries from Ida Scudder of Vellore, India, nated $1,000 to the Home for the who has spent thirty-five years Aged which is named after him. many lands, many nationals in in South India and has opened a native costume, students, nurses, delegations from churches with- in a radius of fifty miles and the 600 members of the Missionary Conference. Salvation Army bands furnished the music.

The most striking float de- picted Flanders Field with rows of crosses, each one bearing a silver dollar sign and the Dsolollgaarn~ "Munition Makers Reap -Others Reap Death." The bowed figure of a "gold star mother" in heavy mourning sat Christian medical college that in the foreground. The final has sent out nearly 200 graduate The First American Foreign float, with the slogan, "Genera- Indian women doctors, all of Missionary tions of Children Bear the Bur- them Christian. An endowment Susan Elizabeth Kaske, wife of dens of War" showed the chil~ is being sought and there is George Kaske, was the first na-

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

tive-born Protestant missionary Mohammedan Association (that strength of the institution. to go out from America to a for- is, Russian Tatar Moslems) in Starting with six members in eign land. The Moravian Church Brooklyn, a three-story wooden 1830 there are now over 700,000. of Bethlehem, Pa., founded in building; and the only Moslem With its branches and missions 1741, sent her with her husband newspaper is El Bayan, pub- it records nearly 2,000 church in 1746 to South America where lished in New York City, with a organizations. There are seven they served in British and Dutch circulation of 2,000. temples where the inner rites Guiana. Susan E. Funk was are performed. The church uses born November 18, 1721, in Ger- Leaders strive to present a the radio, printed page and the mantown and moved to Bethle- new and more or less enlightened rostrum as channels for its meshem in 1843. On May 12, 1746, Islam, keeping in the back- sage. There is a system of relishe married George Kaske, and ground aspects at variance with gious education second to none, they went to work among the modern ideas, e. g., the position starting with the Sunday school, Indians of South· America in of women. The number of con- continuing through the seminary Berbice, Demarara. They la- verts must be less than 10,000; for week-day religious instrucbored there until 1763 and Mrs. it is not to be expected that tion ; and cuI min a tin g in Kaske died in Bethlehem, Pa., on Islam can be more successful Brigham Young University. July 28, 1804. here than in Europe. -Presbyterian Banner. Recently on June 2, 1935, the -G. H. Bousquet, in "The Women's Missionary Society of Moslem World." LATIN AMERICA the Bethlehem church celebrated its 117th anniversary. Ozark Mountain Children Work for Puerto Ricans Taught Bible Moody Institute Lectures A united evangelistic cam- Hugh B. Reid, of Carthage, paign has been carried on in A new venture is to be Mo., writes that through the co- Puerto Rico in a very unique launched by the Moody Bible In- operation of rural public school way this year by the churches of stitute of Chicago, September 5, teachers he is reaching more five cooperating denominations. according to the President, Rev. than 11,000 children of south- These services, extending over Will H. Houghton, D.D. The western Missouri with a Chris- several weeks, p r act i c a II y plan involves the visit of a num- tian program. About 5,000 of brought the presence of Christ to ber of Bible teachers and church- these receive no other Christian the entire area where Protestant men of unusual prominence, each training. Mr. Reid reports that churches are located. The final serving a one-month lectureship. results' of this campaign have They will be especially stim- 585 families were called upon. not been tabulated, but Dr. Arulating and informing to pas- 460 pieces of clothing were given chilla reports that the number of tors, evanglists and other Chris- accessions should reach at least tian workers who aspire to a to the needy. a thousand. greater mastery of the art of 81 toys were given at Christmas. expository preaching. Among 470 addresses were made. The Puerto Rican church, althem are the following: Dr. Wil- 63,000 pages of reading material were ways aggressively evangelistic liam Evans, expositor, author and missionary, was responsible and lecturer on Bible themes; given away. a number of years ago for the Dr. B. B. Sutcliffe, Bible class 634 books, and more than 1,300 opening of work in the Dominiteacher; Dr. Harry A. Ironside, can Republic. The Presbyterian a clarion voice in the field of ex- Bibles, Testaments and Gos- mission is now proposing to position, pastor of the Moody pels were distributed. carry the gospel in Spanish to Memorial Church, Chicago; and 48 were added to Cradle Rolls, and the Puerto Ricans who have col- Dr. Wilbur M. Smith, editor of 92 to Young People's So- onized in the Virgin Islands if Peloubet's Notes. cieties. finances permit. Representa- 6 new schools, with an enrolment tives of the presbytery have vis- Islam in America of 216 were added. ited the island of Santa Cruz, 48 conversions resulted from 5 re- have preached there and discov- It is impossible. to know the vival meetings; and 30 from ered that there are 150 members exact number of Moslems in the 27 Vacation Bible Schools in of the church in the colony of United States; perhaps 25,000 which over 900 were enrolled. several thousand. is a fair estimate. The largest 169 took a leadership t r a i n i n g center is probably Detroit, with course. Baptist Work in Puerto Rico 10,000. There are about 2,000 10,700 Bible verses were memorized in Pittsburgh, 3,000 in Cleve- by school children. The Watchman-Examiner reland, 5,000 in greater New York, 8 institutes were held. ports advance on all fronts in 2,000 in Massachusetts, 500-600 7 teachers' conventions and Puer·to Rico. There were more in Rhode Island. The only real 145 rural public schools were vis- baptisms than for several years. mosque which exists today in ited. The Sunday school attendance is America is that of the Anglo- the largest in the history of the Mormonism work. Offerings have moved To most Americans Mormon- ism is a curiosity. "But," says Dr. W. M. Paden, "it is more than that. It is the largest, wealthiest, best located, best or- ganized, most aggressive of all the false religions of America." Not everyone is aware of the

upward and church membership The balance of their sustenance mander of Jutiapa was an enemy continues to increase. they make up by tenant farming of the gospel and when Don Jose and odd jobs. The Campaign began to offer Scriptures for During the year representa- shares in the expenses of fur- sale… the commandant took him tives of the various denomina- nishing free rent and firewood to jail, struck him twice on the tions working in the island made for the transients, and thus se- head, pulled his hair, and said, a tour, covering the greater part cures the opportunity of making "What do you mean by preachof the work of all denomina- suggestions as to sanitation and ing without my permission?" tions; this was followed by four of asking for reports on the Don Jose replied that the law days of conference – review of number and nature of the con- gave him perfect liberty to the past, evaluation of the pres- tacts made at each lodge. Cam- preach. "Oh," said the coment and plans for the future. paign evangelists make regular mandant, "you know more than visits to the lodges to help the I do." "No," responded Don Cuban Pastors' Conference lodge keepers make our Lord Jose, "you know that as well as known to the travelers, and then 1." The commandant hunted for Last winter Cuban pastors follow up prospects in their the jail keys. Don Jose told him called a meeting of representa- homes. Well located lodges are he would not run away, but the tives from every church organ- operating in s eve r a I places. keys were found and the doors ization throughout the entire Re- Since its opening in March the locked, and five guards placed in public to form an association of San Pedro house has been the charge! The faithful worker evangelical ministers and work- means of reaching 171 Indians sang hymns and read his Bible. ers for the purpose of promoting with the Word of God in direct In the morning he was released cooperation am 0 n g religious personal evangelization. and ordered not to preach, but to groups. Foreign missionaries leave town. Don Jose made no were invited to attend, but it was A Steadfast Indian promises, but went out and sent in every sense a distinctly Cuban a telegram to the President of movement. Plans are made to Work among the Cakchiquel the Republic, asking if he had a put this into effect throughout Indians of Guatemala was men- right to preach the gospel. The the six provinces of Cuba dur- tioned in the REVIEW some time reply came quickly and read as ing the next year. ago. About 100 preaching cen- follows: "You have liberty to ters are now estaollshed, and a preach the gospel as long as -Presbyterian Banner. Bible school has trained 25 grad- peace is not disturbed." uates. The quality of the con- "Over Night Lodge" verts is apparent in the story of Eventually,arrangements were Don Macario, evangelist. Some made for public meetings; at the The Guatemala News indicates years ago a man knocked at his first, twelve persons accepted the possibilities in a work called door about midnight. When Christ. "Flop Houses for Indian Tran- Macario opened the door he was sients." Migrant groups of In- struck with a machete which al- -Moody Institute Monthly. dian laborers and their families most severed a cheek bone from huddle around their little camp his face. He was taken to the White Ribbon Mission Work fires at night along the road- hospital at Antigua and after a sides, or in the public squares of few months returned home, Missionaries find that the the towns. The dirt floors of the healed but with disfigured face. Woman's Christian Temperance open thatch roofed sheds along He began preaching in his home Union is the right hand of the the highways are often very and a mob of several hundred church in many foreign lands. damp and always vermin in- tore down the house. But he has fested. .Even in the towns the the Indian persistency. The In Japan alone there are ten corridors of the public buildings house was rebuilt, and eventually thousand women members of where the Indians sleep on the the town ceased opposition to this brganization, and thousands brick paving are exposed to the him and his preaching. About of young people and children in fury of the elements and afford 125 worshipers assemble at his the various branches. Twenty little in the way of shelter. Ex- home every Sunday. thousand men are united in the haustion may induce a few hours masculine Temperance League, of disturbed slumber despite the -So S. Times. largely as the result of the efnight life of bugs, rodents, dogs; forts of the W. C. T. U. As a but between two and four o'clock Open Door in EI Salvador result of their activity, a law was in the morning the cold becomes passed in Japan a number of so pentrating that the migrants For some time special prayer years ago forbidding minors to are glad to be up and going. had been offered for Cabanas, smoke or drink. There are three with its population of over temperance periodicals-one for Christian evangelists have in- 66,000. men, one for women, and one for stituted the over-night lodge children. Besides the direct war which has become largely self- About a year ago a colporteur, against alcohol, tobacco and supporting. A Christian family Don Jose Escamill,a, made a drugs, members have attacked in charge does a simple lunch passing visit to Jutiapa, a town the social evil most vigorously, counter business which provides of over 3,500. The military com- have established rescue homes, for a part of their own table.

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

two women's homes, hostels for and conditions in these homes has also a much improved rev- have shown improvement almost enue. On the other hand the factory girls, a sailors' resort, immediately. Methodist Society shows a deand a social centre, all of which ficiency of £ 5 8 , 0 0 0, but its is testimony to the fact that -Flora E. Strout, Rio de friends believe it is only a tem- Christians realize that social Janeiro. porary deficit. evils are among the greatest hindrances to the progress of the EUROPE Calvin Anniversary Gospel in Japan. Youth's Mission to Youth The summer of 1936 will wit- In Singapore, the W. C. T. U. ness a great pilgrimage to established child welfare work, The twenty-fourth anniver- France by American Presbyand in the exhibitions temper- sary of the National Young Life terians, Scottish Calvinists and ance always has a prominent Campaign of Great Britain members of Reformed Churches place. Colombo, Ceylon, has a brought out the fact that this in all parts of the world to comcounter-attraction to the saloons movement is definitely passing memorate the 400th anniversary in a large working man's resort, from the experimental stage, and of John Calvin's "Institutes of where three hundred men gather is becoming a strong evangeliz- Religion." It was in August, each day for the classes, lectures, ing agency. During the years 1535, that Calvin, then only 26 games and delicious refresh- since the War the N. Y. L. C. has years old, dedicated to King ments. In India, Egypt, Pales- developed in various ways, such Francis I, of France, his vigtine, in every place where the as the additions to headquarters orous exposition of the Christian Gospel is preached, the W. C. staff, voluntary evangelists, the faith. From March 15 to April T. U. assists in conquering the missIonary service and training 15 the French National Library social enemies of men, women fund for helping young people will feature a Calvin exhibition and children. to enter missionary service. of manuscripts, books and other Churches are according in- documents. There will be Cal- In 1894, the W. C. T. U. was creased recognition of the value vin memorial celebrations in born in Brazil. In 1925, it was of its service. other cities than Paris, notably reorganized under the name of Noyon, his birthplace, and Ge- UnHlo Brasileira Pr6-Temper- The number of actual cam- neva, Switzerland, where he anc;a with some of the most intel- paigns in the past year num- spent most of his life. ligent women in Rio de Janeiro bered fifty-seven, beside those on the national committee. It carried out by teams from the -Missions. influences all sorts and condi- London School of Evangelism tions of men even. For the last and a Liverpool team of young Russia Rediscovers Values three years during the carnival men doing similar work in their spare time. The income for the That a new Russia is emerging season, Government has not per- year showed an increase of £500. from the Soviet chrysalis apmitted anything stronger than The most encouraging feature is pears to some observers. Signs beer to be sold to the people on the increasing zeal for evangel- are multiplying that she is trekthe street and only allowed wine ism of the members themselves. king back to the safe and sane and champagne to be served There are now more than 300 principle that the family is the with food in the clubs. This who have entered either the min- corner stone of civilized society, year gambling was added to the istry or the foreign mission field and one of these signs is the prohibitions. since the War. fact that "Romeo and Juliet" may now be played in Moscow During temperance wee k, Increased Mission Funds theaters. Says the Boston Tranthere are talks over the radio, script: "People won't play at bemoving pictures on scientific For the most part the leading ing robots forever. They've got temperance, essay and oratorical missionary organizations 0 f to have music and novels and contests. The barracks are not Great Britain show increased in- plays and fairy tales and relionly open to talks at this time, come for the past year. The gion. The rulers of the Soviet but their own doctors give the London Missionary Society re- are, little by little, retreating soldiers and police accurate in- cords an increase of £6,324 in from their earlier position; they formation in periodical lectures. contributions during the past fi- are beginning to recognize that nancial year-the first increase man cannot live by bread alone." The schools are always open to after seven years, during which temperance propaganda, and the the income has been going down. Crowded churches last Easter, pupils become temperance mes- The bulk of the increase is from without consequent molestation sengers to their homes. So in- personal donations, but contri- on the part of government, seems formation grows and the results butions from the churches have to show that hostility to religion are little short of miraculous. increased as well. Baptists re- is weakening. Children who had port a £5,000 increase. The lately been rewarded for betray- In a very poor district, where C. M. S., which keeps its total ing their parents to authorities much of the poverty is caused by cash receipts together, has an must now be taught to honor drink, the children have carried increase of £51,654. The S. P. G. their fathers and mothers. information concerning the evils of alcohol with the result that cachac;a (national whiskey) has been banished in some instances

AFRICA fore next meeting of the confer- out how the cinema can best be ence three years hence, to evan- used as an instrument of adult Moslems Copy Christians gelize effectively the whole of education and recreation adapt- the large areas in their care; so ed to the needs and mental equip- Mohammedans are seeking to that it could be reported that ment of the African. African emulate Christianity in doing for every village and hamlet, even Missions have much to gain by the blind similar work to that every isolated farm or com- the success of this project, which being done in Egypt by medical pound, in these areas had re- should furnish them with a new missionaries. A note in Al Ah- ceived the Gospel. The growth instrument to use in their work. ram reads: "Students of the of opposing forces was the im- Specialists' Department of the pelling motive. South Africa Sunday-School Higher Training College at Shu- Association bra have formed a society for The question of one African combating blindness and in- Church for Nigeria has faced the Wayside Sunday schools are structing the blind. They ap- Conference for some years, and a prominent part of the work peal for the blind to be sent to it was agreed that the most carried on by the South African them." helpful course to follow in the National Sunday-School Associa- meantime would be to develop tion. In Port Elizabeth there Visit to Algeria among the Christians the con- are now thirteen such schools sciousness of unity that already with an enrolment of 7,000 chil- Rev. W. L. McClenahan, of exists, and to that end it was de- dren each Sunday, and in Cape- Egypt, writes of a visit in Al- cided to hold spiritual life con- town there are five with an avergeria, covering about 1,200 ferences, and to publish a Chris- age attendance of 400. One waymiles with a view to assisting in tian periodical in Hausa, which side Sunday school in Port Elizathe work of evangelization, to would give accounts of work and beth has gone so far as to hold a gain further knowledge as to the blessing all over the field, thus service every Sunday afternoon needs along that line so as to promoting the sense of oneness for Indian women, another conhelp in prayer those already on in Christ Jesus. ducts a wayside Sunday school the field; also to furthering in- on Saturday afternoon which has terest on the part of those who Twenty-seven delegates from an attendance of sixty or seventy might themselves go out and give six societies were in attendance. white children. Noon day lunch a hand in the work. meetings of Sunday school teach- -The Christian. ers is another feature of the As- "One thing that attracted our sociation's work. attention," says Dr. McClena- Motion Pictures for the Bantu han, "was the simplicity of the -The Presbyterian. methods used by missionaries in The International Missionary their work. The contacts they Council's department of Social F have with the people are ob- and Industrial Research has just tained through open-air markets, embarked upon an experiment to WESTERN ASIA visits in the homes, classes for provide good cinema films for women and children, and in a Africa, with the help of a grant Sabbath Observance in few places 'homes' for children from the Carnegie Corporation Tel-Aviv and hostels for lads. In no case of New York. I believe have they entered to Tel-Aviv in Palestine is the any large extent into the field The first step will be the pro- only one hundred per cent Jewof education and medicine. Be- duction of films performed by ish city in the world. Sharp difing in a section of 'the land of native actors, the subjects of ference of opinion and practice the Vanished Church' the mis- which will relate to life and with regard to the religious obsionaries there are in a some- scenes familiar to the African. servance of the Sabbath apparwhat different position from that Some will deal with such prac- ently exists among the Jews of those in most Arabic-speaking tical subjects as improved meth- there, for recently riots took countries, where there are an- ods of poultry keeping, cattle place in the course of which, accient Christian communities, and raising, etc.; others will relate cording to the Jewish Daily Bulare thus able to work along to culture and a few will be pure letin, several persons were insimple, New Testament lines in comedy. The films will be shown jured. Orthodox Jews, it seems, the planting of churches." to selected Bantu audiences to paraded the streets on the Sab- discover the appeal made by dif- bath, and began to break the -A Thirsty Land. ferent types of pictures, and windows of all Jewish shops will be accompanied by a talkie which were open. They inter- Far-Reaching Decision commentary produced by syn- cepted taxis containing Jewish chronised gramophone records. passengers with the result that At the triennial Conference of street fights broke out requiring Missions in Northern Nigeria, The fullest possible coopera- the intervention of the British held recently at Miango, a reso- tion of the missions and govern- police authorities. In commentlution was adopted, urging that ment departments (Native Af- ing on this disturbance Jewish all the societies in the northern fairs, Education, Health, Agri- writers point out that on the Provinces should endeavor, be- culture, Veterinary) is being whole Jewish youth in Palestine sought in this enterprise to find

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

is antireligious. The orthodox established Evangelical Church of Bible Motor Caravan Jews are particularly indignant Iran. over the fact that Jewish youth The British and Foreign Bible in Palestine carryon sport ac- The Assembly rejoices to welcome Society has des i g ned and tivities openly on the Sabbath. to the fellowship of the Evangelical equipped a motor caravan which Church throughout the world, this new is to tour India, and possibly 'I'he Plight of the Assyrians church of Iran so largely the product Ceylon, selling Scriptures and of the work of the missionaries of the generally forwarding the work The Assyrians of Iraq (Meso- Board of Foreign Missions of this As- of the Society. The van carries potamia) are Christians – un- sembly . . . and assures the Church a large stock of Scriptures, seleceducated it is true, but profess- of its affection and prayers, and trusts tions of which are attractively ing to be followers of Christ in that by God's blessing the most glori- displayed behind glass panels in spite of persecution. Groups of ous days of Christianity in past cen- the side. There is s'eating ac- Assyrian Christians have fled to turies may be surpassed by the service commodation for f 0 u r passouthern France, Syria, Iraq and and faith of this new Church in Iran. sengers, in addition to the driver, elsewhere and most of them are and a sleeping berth for use living in dire poverty. The On August 19, 1934, was held when necessary. It is also European office for International the first meeting of the United equipped with a gramophone, Church Aid – in Geneva – is Evangelical Church of Iran. and a magic lantern for showing seeking to help these groups. The moderator of the Church, as slides on the Life of Christ and Some camps have been provided he took the chair, called upon the the work of the Bible Society. for Assyrian widows and or- delegates to keep clearly in mind Later it is hoped to include a phans in Iraq but in the villages that the one purpose of the meet- portable cinema outfit. Two or north and south of Mosul, 35,000 ing was the advancement of the three months will be spent in are living in misery. Few lands Church of Christ in Persia. each main language area workare willing to receive them. The ing in close cooperation with Universal Christian Council has On August 23d, the date of the local missions and churches. been trying to find a new home closing, a communion service The initial tour began in the for these people – in British was held, exactly 100 years to Madras Presidency in January Guiana-but there the climate is the day, since Rev. Justin Per- of this year, and during the two unsuitable. Western Christians kins arrived in Tabriz under the and a half months spent in the should not rest until this prob- appointment of the American Tamil country over 10,000 Scriplem is solved. Board of Commissioners for ture portions were sold. Foreign Missions. The service, PROF. ADOLPH KELLER. therefore, was a fitting close of -Dnyanodaya. the century. The sacrament To Beautify Holy Ci.ty was administered by one or- The Literacy Problem dained missionary and one or- Announcement is made of a dained national. The past and India's illiteracy problem is "five-year plan" to make Jeru- the future were thus joined. colossal, nearly 92 per cent of salem as beautiful as in the days her people being unable to read of the ancient Hebrew kings. INDIA or write. During the last ten The municipality of Jerusalem years the rate of increase in lithas obtained a half-million dol- Boycott of Hindu Gods eracy in India is one per cent. lar loan to aid in launching a Taking into consideration the program of civic improvements. At a Harijan Conference last rate of natural increase of the The funds are to be used in pro- population also, one is not sure viding a park system and for the April, a delegate, in moving a whether the net result of progimprovement of sanitary condi- ress in literacy is not in fact tions in the city. resolution to the effect that the progress backward. Even at the present rate of one per cent in- Evangelical Church of Iran Harijans of Hyderabad State crease in ten years, it would take 920 years before illiteracy can The Presbyterian General As- should strive their utmost to be removed from India. Only a sembly took the following action very small percentage of public at its meeting in Cincinnati in eradicate untouchability from revenue is available for mass May: education. Hinduism, declared that there The General Assembly has learned -Christian Century. with joy of the establishment of The was "a ID;'eaningless superstition Evangelical Church of Iran with its Poona's Colleges independent Synod and three presby- among Hindus that if an unteries, and has been happy at this ses- Poona has the reputation of sion of the Assembly to approve the touchable entered a temple, the having more colleges than any transfer of the Presbytery of Eastern other city of its size in the Persia, heretofore connected with the god in the temple would be pol- world. Its, population in 1931 Synod of New York and with the Gen- was 250,000. What has been eral Assembly of the Presbyterian luted, and he advised them to Church in the U. S. A. to the newly boycott such gods as were pol- luted by their touch."

The Conference also exhorted Harijans to eradicate drink and other evil customs. It was re- called that the Nizam's Govern- ment had already ordered the prosecution of those who offered girls as devadasis to goddesses, and that they should help the Government by reporting such cases. ' -Dnyanodaya.

described as India's premier non- some' terse statements which ters of the Han and Yangtze official educational institution, summarize the progress made, Rivers. Fergusson College, is also in with Christian missions the es- Poona. Its jubilee occurred last sential element: Northern provinces also con- April. The influence it has in tinued struggling to imprison modern India is indicated by the Has the best government which she the raging waters of the Yellow fact that during the fifty years has known since the founding of the River, "China's Sorrow," as it of its existence about 70,000 Republic in 1911. roared headlong to the sea, students have received their edu- crushing its barriers to engulf cation there. The Deccan Edu- Forty thousand miles of new roads immense districts of farmlands. cation Society is the parent of have been built in the last five years. this college; it also sponsors an- The report from Red Cross auother Arts College and four high Broad avenues have been cut thorities in Hankow combined schools in Poona. through the poverty-ridden sections of with reports from neighboring many of her cities. areas indicate uncounted thou- -Dnyanodaya. sands of Chinese who have per- "Clean-up campaigns" have im- ished in the Han and Yangtze Jubilee in Western Tibet proved the sanitation of a host of floods. towns and villages. The remoteness of western Government authorities an- Tibet from the civilized world The railroads, telegraphs and mails nounced that five northern provdid not prevent its inhabitants grow daily more efficient. inces of China have been devasfrom joining other loyal British tated, leaving about six million subjects in celebrating King Increasing education is lifting the people homeless. George's Silver Jubilee. Kye- moral tone of the people. lang, a Moravian Mission Cen- Ohinese Ohild Welfare ter, has never known an occa- The "New Life Movement" is stimsion comparable to it.. Early on ulating many reforms, such as the at- The first national Child Welthe morning of May 6 the Chris- tack on the opium trade which has fare Conference was held last tians assembled in the church taken place in many provinces. October, with 134 delegates from for a thanksgiving service, while 14 provinces in at ten dan c e. the Buddhist clergy met in their Although numbering only one Branch associations have been monasteries to read passages in a thousand of the population, organized in Peiping and Luanfrom their scriptures which they the Christian group has supplied hsien, and plans are under way thought would be appropriate. an astonishing proportion of the for one in Nanking. The secre- The c e Ie bra t ion included leadership of the co u n try. tariat handled 123 cases of child speeches from the missionary Fifty-one per cent of the college protection. In June, 1934, the and the headmaster of the Gov- graduates listed in Chi n a's Association attempted to proseernment Middle School, parades, "Who's Who" are the product of cute a professional dancer for various competitive sports, bon- Christian schools and colleges. cruelty to a six-year-old adopted fires and native costume dances. daughter. Although the court Everybody was out to enjoy him- A Year of Opportunity found the defendant guilty, it self, and did. Unlike many of was compelled to waive jurisdictheir social functions which de- Two years ago the Honan tion, as the Association lacks the generate to orgies of lust and Mission of the United Church of right to prosecute in accordance drunkenness, there was not the Canada opened a small hospital with the present criminal code. slightest trace of these vices in Taokow. During the first The Association therefore has during the two days' rejoicings. year 5,443 treatments were petitioned the Juridicial Yuan registered; the total cost being for this right to be given to child The people here, living under $3,206 Chinese currency, of welfare bodies. the administration of the British which $1,521 was received in Government, are more world- fees, the balance being taken The Shanghai Child Welfare aware than their compatriots in care of by Canadian friends. Clinic treated 12,344 patients; other parts of Western Tibet. Over 700 flood refugees were 1,818 children were given free The medical, educational and cared for the past two years. In baths; 1,611 children particimilitary activities of the Gov- addition, 52 expectant mothers pated in health club meetings; ernment, not to mention the in- from refugee camps were cared nurses made 414 calls on pafluence of the mission, have re- for, and every baby saved. tients at their homes. Since sulted in an understanding of the Schools were organized for teen- March 1, 1934, 4,654 cases were influx of Western ideas. age boys and girls from these handled in extension medical camps. From one point of view, clinic work. A child tuberculosis -Moravian Missions. the flood has been a blessing; section has been erected at the these sufferers have come under Ching Chong Sanitarium at OHINA influences they would otherwise Kiangwan. have missed. There are some Evidences of Progress 2,000 villages in the Taokow April 4th was widely observed field. -Honan Quarterly. as Children's Day, and 1935 is The American Board, under to be a Children's Year. the title, "China Changes," gives More Deaths by Flood -Chinese Recorder. In July reports from China stated that 30,000 bodies of flood victims had been assembled in the Hankow area alone. This indicates the toll, taken in Cen- tral China by the receding wa-

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

Through Eye Gate in Hong port shows how, at Yungkang, to send him as a Christian the aim of creating self-support- worker. He found a native hut Kong ing churches is being realized. in a splendid location near the Seven years ago the missionaries market, where he has been wit- Mr. H. Lechmere Clift of from Yungkang went home un- nessing for Christ ever since." Hong Kong, sees a unique op- able, for health reasons, to reportunity there, both of attract- turn. The Mission agreed not In another center a Christian ing the indifferent and of help- to send resident missionaries Annamese opened a barber shop ing missionaries. In a letter to there again, but to ask the work- in the market center, and wit- The Life of Faith he says: _ ers in Kinhwa to render what nessed to every customer who help they could. For one'or two came for a haircut. He gave his For years my dream has been to years not much happened, and home for a meeting place, and have a book-shop in the very heart of there were very little signs of thus a strong evangelistic center the business section of Hong Kong. progress. By and by, church has been established. The show windows of the shop are to leaders saw that they must have large open Bibles in English, either shoulder their responsi- -The Call. French, Italian, Portuguese, Russian, bility and throw themselves into Urdu and Chinese. Passengers of all the work, or face the possibility Religious Life at Nanking nationalities here change their ships of its discontinuance. Men and University and come ashore to see the sights. women voluntarily went every- where preaching and teaching, W. Reginald Wheeler writes of On the mainland itself, in the thick with the result that the church progress in the religious life of of Kowloon's residential flats, we al- has gone forward by leaps and Nanking University. All chapel ready have such a shop: and the bounds. Eight or nine new cen- service and classroom religious books, pictures, posters and open Bi- ters have been opened, and this instruction is on an elective bles attract the attention of the year 97 adults have been bap- basis. crowds of Europeans, Americans, Por- tized. All expenses are met by tuguese and Chinese passing by. Then church members. There has been a subsidence of the there are throngs of tourists and we anti-Christian attitude of previous could reach them also. Some hun- -China's Millions. years, but there is much still to be dreds of pounds a year would be re- done and won, and the battle is not quired to run such a shop. It would The Cambodia Field an easy one, either for Christian stube not a paying business from a com- dents or faculty. Those who choose mercial point of view, but a spiritual Mr. Jeffrey, of the Christian the Christian way of life have enenterprise: not bringing in monetary and Missionary Alliance, says gaged in a real conflict "and there are gain, but saving immortal souls, and that the past year's results in many adversaries." Here is a student proving a marvelous witness in a French Cambodia have been who had decided to become a Chrisgreat city given over to money-mak- most gratifying. The previous tian and be baptized. He comes from ing and pleasure. year had seemingly been the a family of wealth and influence. darkest in that field, but work None of his family are Christians; his China Mission Losses was established in four new father learns of his contemplated step places last year ; at Prey Nop, and the boy is compelled to drop out Missionaries and missionary center of a large district; at of this Christian University and go enterprises in China lost heavily Kampot, capital of the province; to a government institution. Here is in the failure of the American- and in two villages; in each another student, with a shining face, Oriental Banking Corporation place the way was opened un- to whom I am instinctively drawn. and allied companies last May. expectedly. "We were refused After class he comes to me and says: This enterprise was promoted by permission to open a chapel in "I want to be a Christian. How do Frank J. Raven and was known Prey Nop," says Mr. Jeffrey, you be a Christian?" The boy has as a "missionary bank" since it "but one day we drove out there had a difficult path since that decision, catered to missionary patronage. in company with some of our but he has stood firm and has been The China Weekly Review, Cambodian workers. As we baptized into the new faith. Such ex- Shanghai, says: "Not only have traveled along, we felt led to periences are both a challenge and a mission organizations suffered stop the car in the shade of the reward. potential losses on invested forest for a season of prayer. funds from $3,500,000 to $5,000,- While we prayed, one of our In the faculty there has bepn real 000, but thousands of individual workers broke down in tears, religious activity, though we still have missionaries scattered over the and in prayer offered himself to far to go. During the year two "reinterior have their retirement, God as 'a living sacrifice' for the treats" have been held; one in a home-vacation and educational opening of the work in Prey picturesque Buddhist temple. Seventy funds locked up in these enter- N op. Although a Bible school of the faculty, Chinese and foreigners, prises. . . . One of the maj or man and well versed in the met in this temple. During- the sinl!'- casualties of the Raven bank- Word, he was willing to go there ing' of one of the hymns an old Budruptcy was the American Epis- as an ordinary farmer, since the dhist monk made his way to the altar copal Mission which has ap- Government would not allow us in front of an image of the Buddha proximately $700,000 tied up in and placed a single stick of burning stocks and bonds of the defunct incense there, as if afraid this new companies." religion might displace the worship of one who had lived and taught cen- Self-Support Achieved turies before Christ.

The following extract from the MISCELLANEOUS China Inland Mission annual re- A Survey of Progress Canon Stacy Waddy, Secre- tary of the S. P. G., visited the

United States on a world trip to Cases arrested without defor- (b) Golden Rule observance of visit Anglican mission fields. mity, i. e., symptom free. . .. 1,054 Mother's Day, He reports steady progress in many places, notably the estab- Cases arrested with deformity 359 (c) Religion and Welfare Recovery lishment of a new diocese in Program. West Africa known as the Gam- Of the remaining patients bia. Further progress is indi- some became worse, or station- 3. Allocation of relief and welfare cated by increase in numbers, ary, and a considerable number funds as grants-in-aid to instituconspicuously in D 0 rna k a 1, left or died; 704 of the cases ar- tions and agencies recommended where 12,000 were baptized in rested without deformity were by the Committee on Research the year and where an assistant, discharged and 126 of those ar- and Survey. Bishop Elliott, has just been pro- rested with deformity. In addivided to aid Bishop Azariah in tion upwards of 6,900 lepers 4. Administration of Trust Funds for the enormous work of that dio- were treated as out-patients. Philanthropic Purposes. cese. -Without the Camp. Each year the program be- Looking to the future, Canon comes more practical, varied, far Waddy points out two factors in GENERAL reaching and strategic. Among missionary procedure, not new the 1935 objectives are: Feeding but of great significance. One The Bible Needs No Witness the hungry, healing the sick, reis migration. Races and groups lieving the underprivileged in of people have always moved In a letter to the New York neglected areas, development of about over the face of the earth, Times, Dr. J 0 h n Hay n e s self-help, character building and acting as carriers, such as the Holmes recently offered a pro- religious and welfare recovery. Jews, the Tamils of South India, test at the representation of the and, particularly at the present discovery of porcelain archives, Dynamics vs. Mechanics time, the Chinese. There are almost 3,000 years old, as "of said to be some eleven million vast importance in corrobora- It is evident from the present Chinese outside China. Where tion of Bible stories." "Are we conditions that the primary hitherto the Church has worked never to learn," asks Dr. Holmes, problems of our day are in the in places, it now moves out to "that the Bible is itself a first- realm of dynamics, rather than work along lines of communica- class historical document, or col- in the realm of mechanics. The tion. There is also the increas- lection of documents, which no need of the hour is not more ing importance of printed mat- more needs confirmation than knowledge, but more action; not ter. To quote only one instance, Thucydides or Tacitus? . . . more campaigns, but more consenew ideas are p e Ii e t rat i n g Instead of saying that these cration; not more statistics, but throughout the Moslem world by archreological deposits in Pales- more spirituality; not more means of printed matter, and the tine confirm the Bible, why not councils, but more cooperation tremendous possibilities of this say that the Bible confirms these with the Holy Spirit. are seen especially in the fact deposits? It is the 'porcelain that printed matter can pene- archives' just unearthed that There is no dynamic power in trate among Moslems in lands need authentication, not the Christianity that has not staked that missionaries are still for- Biblical text. I count it high its very existence on belief in the bidden to enter. Other oppor- time that we drop our subcon- Holy Spirit. Without this the tunities, for active personal work scious suspicion of the Bible and Christian Church will be timid and for the use of printed mat- accept it without reserve for when it ought to be courageous, ter, are offered by the pilgrimage what it is-one of the most pre- bewildered when it ought to uncenters which are visited by cious and trustworthy records of derstand, stagnant when it ought thousands yearly, especially in human history now in possession to be alive. Belief in the Holy the Orient. of the race." Spirit means that the Christian Church is called to dare great Some Leper Statistics Golden Rule Foundation adventures and take tremendous risks. Only when the Christian Returns received from 50 dif- The Golden Rule Foundation, Church essays the impossible ferent stations in fndia, China, does it give God a chance; only Korea and Africa where the Mis- incorporated by special act of the when it achieves the impossible sion to Lepers maintains, or aids does it prove that the Holy Spirthe work, show the results of Legislature of the State of New it is not merely a theological leprosy treatment during the proposition but a living reality. year: York, March 29, 1929, seeks to It is not learning, or wealth, or organization, or equipment that Patients under treatment for serve the American public as "a will enable the Christian Church not less than three months .. 9,157 to conquer the world; it is ac- people's foundation," rendering tual belief in the Holy Spirit. If Number of above who slightly we would silence our theologic·al improved …………….. 2,800 to the average citizen a service controversies, our ecclesiastical rivalries, our counsels of expedi- Number much improved …… 2,772 which includes: – ency, our clamor for money, we might again "hear what the 1. Investigation of appeals as to rela- Spirit saith to the churches" tive need, efficient administration, more clearly than we hear Him and strategic importance. today. -John McDowell.

2. Stewardship education and stimula- tion of increased giving by pro- motion of: (a) International Go 1den Rule Week,

Missionary

Books Briefly Reviewed for the Readers' Information I===============================I~ Outline of Buddhism, C. H. S. Ward, The discussion of Nirvana will devoted uncompromising, con- sistent, loving, self-sacrificing pp. 149, % net. The Epworth Press, be found interesting and illumi- Christian parents. Here too we see (under God) hope for the umdon, 1934. nating. The author summarizes future church and the mission- ary enterprise – not in highly- This little volume is one of the very well the various views held trained specialists, but in well- Great Religions of the East se- educated youth who are "born ries, edited by Eric S. Water- of the Buddha's' concept of Nir- again" and who truly "seek first house, M.A., D.D. It has been the Kingdom of God and His said that he knows not England vana. righteousness." who only England knows. The same may be said of Christian- The book is well written and John and Betty Starn would ity. To understand Christianity have made their mark anywhere. it is necessary to understand well documented. It will be use- Betty had rare gifts as a poet other religions. The struggle of and writer and John was a Christianity with other religions ful for classes and study groups musician and trained for busiis not in the past, but it still is ness, but these and other gifts ahead of us in the future. At and should prove helpful to those were made to serve the cause of present nationalism and com- Christ. Here is a true romance, munism loom large, but the fun- who are at work in Buddhist a tragedy in human eyes but a damental attitudes of Buddhism triumph of faith and love. will have to be faced by thinking lands. The careful definitions Youth will find in this story the people. essentials to stimulate ambition, and exposition are valuable at courage and devotion. Buddhism is one of the universal religions. It must be un- present when so many ideas are Christian Realities. By Robert E. derstood by Christian mission- Speer. Pp. 258. Price, $2.50. Flemaries. This volume has for its presented in the name of Bud- ing H. Revell Company. New York. object the discussion of the type of Buddhism found in the Pali dhism. LEWIS HODOUS. In a recent sermon Dr. Fos- Pitakas and what is easily de- dick made a strong plea for realducible from them. It does not The Triumph of John and Betty ism in thought in religion: deal with Mahayana Buddhism. Starn. By Mrs. Howard Taylor. While this limits it to the Bud- 127 pp. 40 cents, paper; 75 cents, Pleasing sentimentality, wishful dhism of Ceylon, Burma and cloth. China Inland Mission. Ger- thinking, idealizations, comforting Siam, the book will prove of val- mantown. 1935. faiths; satisfying optimisms-these ue to those who are working in are the devils of the new generation. countries where Mahayana Bud- The main facts as to the mar- Nothing will do today except realism. dhism is practiced. tyrdom of John Stam and his wife, Elizabeth Scott Stam, at In the realm of theology, for ex- The aut h 0 r takes up the the hands of the Chinese com- ample, the liberals are being soundly sources of our knowledge of the munists last December, are al- trounced nQW by a group of men who Buddha and his teaching. Then ready well known. The wonder- call themselves realists.. The trouble he gives an account of the Bud- ful preservation of their three- which the realists find with the liberals dha's life. This is followed by a months-old "m ira c I e" baby, is serious. Against the background of Helen Priscilla Stam, has also the old theology, with the wrath of God discussion of Buddha's teach- become famous in the annals of and the fear Qf hell in the ascendency, ing and the order of Bud- mIssIOnary history, but this the liberals reacted to the opposite exdha's disciples. A sketch of the brief story of the early life, edu- treme. They ceased being grim and historical development of Bud- cation, missionary call, courtship became sentimental. dhism and a discussion of Bud- and two years of service in China dhism as a religion conclude the will be new to many. It is fold He goes on to say that when main part of the book. A selected by a very highly skilled and men become sentimental "they list of literature and an index of spiritually sympathetic b i 0 g- streamline their theology to renames and subjects complete the rapher. duce wind resistance."

volume. Here is a thrilling and deeply The present volume deals hon- significant story of two young estly and intelligently with reali- lives who II y consecrated to ties in the realm of Christian Christ and his service. As we read we see that consecrated parents can definitely count on h a v i n g consecrated children. The five Scott and the eight Stam children are all definitely Chris- tian and active in Christian work or preparing for it. Here we find the secret in united, sympathetic, Any of the books noted In these columns wlIl be sent by the REVIEW publishers on receipt of price.

[445 ]

thought and life. In his book a great book with a great mes- for a building for Colored men "The Finality of Jesus" Dr. sage for our own day. and boys. It is a remarkable Speer presented a strong apolo- fact that this offer should have getic for the Christian faith- S.M.Z. come from a man of another the Deity of our Lord, and the faith; but it clearly indicates the unchangeable character of the I Am a Chrj,s,tian. By Jesse R. Wilson. value which a man like Mr. Christian message. In these ad- Pamphlet. 25 cents. Student Vol- Rosenwald placed upon the work dresses, taken down as they were unteer Movement. New York. 1935. of the Y. M. C. A. His deep delivered, the emphasis is not on seated sympathy for the strugdogma, but on life. The unreal Today students and youth gen- gling Negroes of our country in the realm of fact is myth, but erally wish not only theory but however has been shown in many in the realm of conduct it is in- practical experience as a basis other practical forms of helpfulsincerity and hypocrisy. The for faith. Clear cut testimony to ness which never can be forgotfirst chapter answers the ques- such ideas and experience are ten. As a result of the offer just tion, "What is Christianity?" what the Secretary of the Stu- mentioned 25 Y. M. C. A. and two Dr. Speer says: dent Volunteer Movement gives Y. W. C. A. buildings have been us in this pamphlet, but the basis erected in cities like New York, We believe in an objective deliver- is Jesus Christ, the Son of God Philadelphia, Baltimore, Washance wrought on Christ's Cross and in and only Way of Life. Being a ington, Chicago, St. Louis, Los a living Presence, and we will not be Christian involves for Mr. Wil- Angeles, etc. Weare sorry to confused or misled, nor caused to doubt son at least four things: A note that only two (Atlanta and or deny. We believe in a Life rthat Christian experience, faith, phi- Dallas) are found in the deep was here and that we have seen at losophy of life and hope for the south, where most of the Negroes work in the world, and that we know world. These four essential eleto be here now; and that it works now ments he sets forth, explains and reside. in us, in the lives of 'men and women illustrates in f 0 u r chapters. Among other matters treated whom we know and love, and in whom They are simply and clearly and through whom we have seen God stated, practical and true and is the distinguished war service in our time in Christ. will be helpful, especially to in- rendered by Dr. Moton, Max telligent youth who are seeking Yergan and others, and Mr. Yer- In a following chapter the au- light. gan's later efforts for the stuthor presents from a personal dents of South Africa. The auangle what Jesus Christ means Life on the Negro Frontier. By thor in the closing chapters tries to him and does for him. Other George R. Arthur. 259 pages. $2. to face modern difficulties and chapters are entitled: "The Es- Association Press. New York. problems, and through a quessentials of Christian Disciple- tionnaire sent to the Rosenwald ship"; "The Perils of Being a This title gives no inkling of aided institutions to discover Christian"; "Living in the Care the fact that the purpose of the methods for their improvement. and the Will of God"; "Finding book is to portray the work of One's Self." The strongest of the Young Men's Christian As- R. M. LABAREE. the seventeen chapters, in our sociation among Negroes. The opinion, is that on "The Gains of author claims (and we think that Apolo, The Pathfinder-Who Fol- Conscious Unattainment." It is he is correct) that the large cities lows? By A. B. Lloyd. Illus. 12 heart-searching and heart-re- create for the Negro many of the mo. 68 pp. 1 s. Church Missionvealing. conditions which formerly pre- ary Society. London. 1935. vailed on the far western fron- As a matter of fact, the best man tier-the large number of new Apolo wa-s an African canon never does his best. That was the arrivals, many of them young of the Church of England-a agony of the life of St. Paul; he never men and women; the sudden s t ron g character and a true realized his ideals. He looked back break from old home ties and Christian who worked among the over his life, and always found some- conditions; the resulting demor- pygmies. His story is unusually thing that he had not succeeded in do- alization in manners and morals. impressive and shows the true ing. It is because of this similarity results of Christ's work in an that he justifies his title "Life on African heart. This converted Dr. Speer's theology does not the Negro Frontier." and educated African went as a include perfectionism. As we missionary into the trackless might expect, the last four chap- The Treatment of the subject forests of Pygmy land, worked ters deal specifically with the is largely historical and descrip- with his own hands as a pioneer missionary enterprise and tell of tive, showing the conditions un- pathfinder and prepared the way an adequate Gospel for the need der which the Negroes live, the for further advance. This is the of the whole world, of areas in origin and leadership of the Col- third book about Apolo. Read geography and in life still un- ored Y. M. C. A. work, and more the fascinating story and you claimed for Christ, of the present especially the most interestIng will agree with Bishop Willis of and stimulating support of it Uganda who says: "As truly as task that faces the Church, and given by Julius Rosenwald of Christ lived in St. Paul, so truly, of the undiscourageable convic- Chicago, when in 1910 he made if to a less conspicuous degree, tion that the missionary enter- the offer to give $25,000 to any He lived in Apolo of the Pygmy prise will not fail, but will come city in the United States which to glorious -I'ruition. Altogether would raise an additional $75,000 forest."

OUR MISSIONARY BOOKSHELF

The Conquest of Cannibal Tanna. By philosophy. After completing 1. Let the approach be unequivo- A. K. Langridge. Illus. 8 vo. 199 cally religious. pp. 2 s. 6 d. Hodder & Stoughton. his theological course at Prince- London. 1935. ton, he spent sixteen years as a 2. Let every Evangelical Christian missionary in Peru where he learn to think Eurindian (a synthesis The New Hebrides Islands of founded the Anglo-Peruvian Col- of European and Indian elements). Melanesia were made famous by John G. Paton whose thrilling lege. As a side issue he became 3. Let there be a profounder apprestories of missionary adventure a professor in the University of hension of Christ crucified. have captivated thousands. Now San Marcos, Lima and lectured the secretary of the John G. for seven years under Y. M. C. A. 4. Let the new Christian communi- Paton Mission briefly reviews ties be educated and equipped for servand continues the story. It was auspices in many cities in Mexico ice. nearly 100 years ago when the and South America. Besides his first Christian missionary ven- 5. Let the new frontiers be adetured among the fierce cannibal books in Spanish, his "The Other quately manned. islanders. John Williams was Spanish Christ," has given him murdered in 1839. Sam 0 a n wid e reputation as an inter- 6. Let all contacts between the Christians volunteered for serv- preter of Latin American in- Americas be Christian. ice in 1854 and many lives were sacrificed. Godless traders and tellectual, social and religious 7. Let us face the full implications raiders made the work much conceptions. This study is more of being Christian. more difficult. popular in sty I e but equally Those who read this illuminat- John G. Paton and his young worthy of careful reading. ing study will have a new underwife landed on Tanna in 1838. Dr. Mackay shows the two standing of Latin Americans and The story of his work is well the problems and opportunities known. Before he died fifty Americas and their peoples in that confront evangelical misyears later medical work had sionaries. The good index is a been started, a Church had been striking contrast. Latin Amer- help and the carefully selected built and the work was formally icans strongly dissent from the reading list invites to further established. In 1922 over 500 study. natives partook of the commu- U. S. A. habit of monopolizing nion. The story is deeply im- the name "American." To them India Calling. The Memories of Corpressive but would be more sat- "The Other America" is of much n~lia Sorabji. Wus. 8 vo. 308 pp. isfactory if the last twenty-five 12 s. 6 d. James Nisbet & Co. Lonyears of the mission had been greater importance. The vari- don. 1935. pictured with greater complete- eties of climate and physical feaness. tures are compared with the Born in India of high class, e d u cat e d Parsee parents, That Other America. By John A. characteristics and forces that brought up in intimate contact Mackay, Ph.D. 8 vo. 214 pn. $1 00. mark the people, their upheavals, with Hindus and Moslems, later Friendship Press. New York. 1935. educated in England, a cultured, ide a I s and institutions. Dr. widely traveled Christian lawyer Latin America is the topic for Mackay is especially illuminat- -such is Dr. Cornelia Sorabji foreign mission study this year ing on Latin American traits. who gives us the very readable (1935-6). Geographically it in- The chapter on their "Dawning story of her life, with intimate cludes the immense continent of pictures of India and her prob- South America (with 10 repub- Vision of God" is illuminating. lems. She reveals not only the lics and three colonies, besides The people have been clouded in influences that molded her own Panama and British Honduras) , life, but takes us behind the Mexico and the Caribbean Is- the past-by materialism, hu- scenes in India as only a woman man philosophy, false religious could-a pioneer woman lawyer teaching, and the failures of -lifting the veil to disclose the pleasures and sorrows, the hu- many professed Christian lead- mor and the tragedies of India's ers. As a result agnosticism and women and children. atheism have captured the intel- lectuals but there is growing evi- dence of the power of Christ to transform life and this is having its effect. Many examples are given.

lands. The variety of languages, The work of evangelical mis- Miss Sorabji studied law in climate, races and the political sions is presented, especially as Oxford, became a barrister and and religious problems make it it is today. Limits of space for- a doctor of laws, and has traveled essential that someone with a bid a detailed account of the mis- widely in Europe and America, clear head, and a knowledge of sion work in the different coun- addressing large audiences. Her the whole, shall bring order out tries but examples are given to friends include some of the most of chaos and point out the main show some of the methods, diffi- notable people of three conti- factors, forces and trends. culties, trends and results. A nents. She comes of an unusu- Dr. Mackay has produced a notable piece of work is that of ally talented family. Her father, very valuable study book, based Dr. George P. Howard, a pioneer Sorabji Kharsedji Langrana, on a clear Christian philosophy, evangelist in many parts of the who became a Christian at peril full of concrete facts and en- continent. In presenting "The of death, was a notable man of riched by personal experiences Challenge to Christian Action," property and standing; her and illustrations from Spanish- Dr. Mackay makes a strong ap- mother was a remarkable and American life. The author is a peal which he develops in seven beautiful w 0 man greatly be- Scotchman and an honor man in points: loved; one sister married Dr.

Pennell, the British missionary reform was to ignore the need The Responsibility of Success. By physician. of the Afghan Fron- for reform. It was put into Dr. W. Wilson Cash, Prebendary tier; another sister, Susie So- words by one of my charming of St. Paul's and General Secretary rabji, was the founder of the St. progressive Indian friends: 'Let C. M. S. 92 pp. Price, $1 or 1 shilling. Church Missionary So- Helena School for girls in Poona. them come into the open and take ciety, London. 1934.

There is a charm, intellectual what we have or die without.' In September, 1934, at Swankeenness and sterling character The new way is legislation- wick, a vital Conference was held by officials, members and about the Sorabji family that is compulsion to renounce the ties reproduced in this book. A true that bind. It has not succeeded. friends of the Church Mission- . . . The way for which I plead ary Society-a conference on the sense of value, touches of humor, state of the work and the prokeen insight and high ideals is, shortly, an understanding gram to be laid out for its ad- heart. . . . The emancipated make the narrative stimulating vancement in view of an acand fascinating reading. The have themselves been brought to cumulated deficit of 100,000 the place where they stand, not pounds and still falling receipts. seven girls and one surviving by compulsory legislation but by boy (two died in infancy), were The C. M. S. was founded in personal conviction based on edu- 1799, and its grave problem now brought up by English tutors, on cation. Only, their progress has is to care for the success which English nursery tales and with been rendered easy by the initial has come to its work under the English discipline and Christian cleavage with ties of their re- blessing of God. Lagging or ideals, but they lived in Indian ligion, where these ties remain, style and were obliged to learn failing work can be dropped is not a different rate of progress without concern, but when an the languages, literature and cus- indicated ?" toms of the people among whom they lived. Thus they were truly Something Happened. By Mildred enterprise is on the very edge of Indian in the best sense. When Cable and Francesca French. 11- great achievement how can it Cornelia Sorabji was only eight Ius. and map. 8vo. 320 pp. Frederyears old she determined to study ick A. Stockes Co. New York. 1934. be dropped or restricted? "The Church of God can never budget law in order that she might help Evangeline French was a ven- for retreat." Dr. Cash has forceher Indian sisters out of some of turesome, independent child, oft- fully described the present situatheir many troubles. She kept en in danger, full of life and tion in this small book. that aim in view and how she hard to manage. What took her realized it in a remarkable de- into the interior of China, as a Illustrations of the Bible from Pergree is told in this narrative- missionary, ready to travel hun- sian Life. By Annie Rhea Wilson. with many fascinating incidents, dreds of miles by mule cart and Pamphlet. 44 pages. 15 cents. the training in law at Oxford-a cam e I, suffering continuous Sold by the Board of Foreign Mispioneer worn a n student who hardship and privation? "Some- sions, 156 Fifth Ave., New York. broke all precedents-presenta- thing happened" to her and to 1935. tion at court, contacts with Eng- Francesca French and Mildred lish nobility and conversations Cable. What it was is told in this The Orient, especially the with members of Parliament. very captivating story of the Near East, throws much light The incidents about noted per- childhood, youth and later years on Bible history and the cussonages are many-some of them of these three interesting wom- toms and figurative language of too much in detail or too scrap- en. Each of the trio heard the Bible times. Mrs. Wilson, durpily told, and others with charm- call to China and went out under ing her life in Persia as a mising completeness. Her two vis- the China Inland Mission. They sionary, gathered many facts its to America are passed over were the heroic stuff out of and incidents that interpret lightly, with little detail. which true missionaries are Bible passages in a charming made and were full of faith and and illuminating way. She But the most effective part of devotion. Here is the story of knows her Bible as well as she the narrative is perhaps the training for service, at home; of knows Persia – customs and story of her actual forty year's their lonely pioneer days in the costumes, names and titles, symwork for her Indian sisters-the far northwest of China. There bols, similes and metaphors, are purdah women, who could not see they spent years of adventure, all paralleled and briefly illusa man lawyer face to face, and and fruitful service in stormy trated by pertinent facts, poems who needed some one to defend Shensi, working among Tibet- and incidents. For example them and to protect their prop- ans, among Buddhist pilgrims in she throws light on swaddling erty rights. Dr. Sorabji also is Sinhiang, among bandits cross- clothes, vows, ornaments, doora pioneer in social service for In- ing the Gobi Desert, and among keepers, water-jars, breaking dia's women and by Indian wom- Europeans on the Russian bor- bread, feasts, kissing, almsgiven. In c los i n g Dr. Sorabji der. The story is full of gripping ing, prayers, fasting, "evil eye," writes: incidents and reveals spiritual salutations, leprosy. She also illustrates symbolical language "The problem is how to lessen life and power at work in and -the door, the vine, the lamp, the shepherd, the Lamb, the cup. the gulf between the orthodox through these messengers of the This pamphlet whets the appe- tite for additional facts to illus- Hindus and the few thousand progressives. The old way.of Cross. It is worth reading. trate Bible truths.

i[bt 1Sing'~ 1Jju~int~~

ASTHMA aDd SUMMER COLDS are UDDec….ry. published by Complete r.li.f only $1.00 postpaid. Nothing .Ise to buy. O••r 40.000 HOLFORD'S WONDER INHALERS BIBLE INSTITUTE OF LOS ANGELES sold 14st year alone~ Mail $1.00 today for full,euon'. relief to THE DANDEE CO., 252 HENNEPIN AVENUE, A monthly Bible Family Magazine with something in it MINNEAPOLIS, MINN., or write lor Fr•• Booklet. jor every member of tbe family circle New Books I SSUED for twenty-live years without interruption. THE KING'S BUSI- NESS has consistently represented the best thought of the funda- Around a Mexican Patio. Ethel L. mental Christian churches of the nation. In addition to its Smither. $1.00, cloth; 75 cents, paper. 120 pp. Friendship Press. interesting contributions by leading teachers, evangelists and pastors, New York. 1935. it prints every month several valuable departments, including: An Christian Youth in Action. Frank W. Herriott. 169 pp. $1.00, cloth; 60 International Lesson Commentary, Notes on Christian Endeavor, Daily cents, paper. Friendship Press. New York. 1935. Devotional Readings, Girls' Query Corner, Junior King's Business, and Chaos in Mexico. The Conflict in Helps for Preachers and Teachers. Trial subscriptions (3 months) 25c; Church and State. Chas. S. Mac- Farland. 284 pp. $2. Harpers. Annual subscriptions $1.50. The following premiums are at present New York. 1935. available free with annual subscriptions: a teacher's Bible, a copy of Eight Things That Matter. W. Graham Scoggie. 64 pp. 6d. Pick- lamison'S Bible Chdrt, or a copy of ObjectJ that Talk dud Tedch, con- ering & Inglis. London. 1935. taining 52 new and interesting object lessons. The supply of each of The Fine Art of Soul-Winning. Wil- liam Wistar Hamilton. 109 pp. 60 these premiums is limited, so order at once. cents, cloth; 40 cents, paper. Bap- tist Sunday School Board. Nash- Address: ville. 1935. rrbe 1&ing'5 18usineS5 Der Heilige in Dem Chinesischen Klassikern. Gerhard Rosenkranz. 558 South Hope Street Los Angeles, California 188 pp. M 9.80. J. T. Hein- richs'sche Buchhandlung. Leipzig. Gold Coast Methodism. The First Outline Chalk-Talks on the Spiritual 1935. Hundred Years, 1835-1935. Arthur Life. Abdul-Fady (Arthur T. Up- E. Southon. Illustrated. 158 pp. son). 38 pp. Nile Mission Press. I Am a Christian. Jesse Wilson. 25 Is. and 2s. 6d. 1934. Cairo. 1935. cents. Student Volunteer Move- ment. New York. Japan in Crisis. H. E. Wildes. 300 Die Rechtliche Stellung Christlicher pp. $2. Macmillan. New York. Missionen in China. Dietrich Huse- Into All the World. A. J. Brown and man. Carl Heymann. Berlin. 1935. John D. Freeman. 60 cents. Sun- History of Palestine. Th ~ Last Two day School Board, Southern Bap- Thousand Years. Jacob deHaas. These Sixty Years. The Story of the tist Convention. Nashville. 1935. 523 pp. $3.50. Macmillan. New Keswick Convention. Walter B. York. Sloan. 114 pp. 2s. 6d. Pickering Keeping Our Balance. Eva Taylor. & Inglis. London. 1935. 80 pp. 25 cents. Cokesbury Press. The Color Problems of South Africa. Nashville. 1935. Phelps-StokeS Lectures, 1933, deliv- Some Old Testament Parables. J. ered at the University of Cape Stuart Holden. 128 pp. Is. Pick- Forty-five Years in India. Memoir Town. Edgar H. Brookes. 237 pp. ering & Inglis. London. 1935. and Reminiscences of the Very Rev. 48. 6d. Paul Kegan. London. 1934. Principal Mackichan. Edited by The Triumph of John and Betty. David Williamson. 126 pp. 58. The Buddhism of Tibet, or Lamaism. Mrs. Howard Taylor. 127 pp. 75 Nicholson and Watson. London. L. Austine Waddell, 2d Edition. Il- cents, cloth; 40 cents, paper. China lustrated. 646 pp. 258. Heffel'. Inland Mission. Philadelphia. 1935. SA.fPUiS OF OUR SliNDA Y SCHOOL punucA.nONS, Cambridge. OR YOUNG PEOPLE'S DIBLF. STUDIES SE~l fREE O~ REQUEST Joseph Wolff. His Romantic Life A Pageant of Asia. A Study of Three and Travels. H. P. Palmer. 222 Civilizations. Kenneth J. Saunders. pp. 78. 6d. Heath Cranton, Ltd. 248 pp. $2.50. Macmillan. New London. 1935. York. Winning the Border. Una Roberts Faiths Men Live By. John C. Archer. Lawrence. 160 pp. Home Mission 497 pp. $2.75. Nelson. New York. Board, Southern Baptist Conven- tion. Atlanta. 1935. Lowell and Abigail. A Realistic Idyll. Mary Dillingham Frear. With Christ in Soviet Russia. By 325 pp. Privately printed. Vladimir Ph. Martzinkovski. Illus- trated. 12mo. 364 pp. 5 shillings. Lupita. A Story of Mexico in Revo- Nile Mission Press. Jerusalem. lution. Alberto Remhas. 180 pp. 1933. $1.00. Friendship Press. New York. 1935. Our Korean Friends. Frederick S. Miller. Illustrated. 8vo. 191 pages. Off to Panama. B. H. Pearson. 217 Fleming H. Revell Co. New York. pp. 35 cents. Harry Harper, Agent. 1935. Los Angeles, Calif. Waiting for the Coming. .John T. Over the Mexican Border. Hewitt Mawson. 12mo. 124 pages. 2 and Thomas. 138 pp. $1.00, cloth; shillings. Pickering and Inglis. 75 cents, paper. Friendship Press. Glasgow. New York. 1935.

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i; + T It What Do You Know About Those Other Americans? If TT i, ~ THE south of the United States of North America lie other "The ; tf l:}United States." There are sixteen republics, besides a number of colof t f nies, and island dependencies. More than 100,000,000 people who live there , are different in many respects from North Americans and yet they are kin. fT IT They include descendants of Anglo-Saxons, Portuguese, Spaniards, Indians, •t Negroes, Orientals and many mixtures. Most are nominally Roman Catho- It lics but millions of them are atheists or pagans. ','

Why should we send missionaries to Latin Americans?

'Ii Who are these people, and what are their customs and beliefs? How If II many Protestant societies and missionaries are working among them and what are the results in converts, churches and the transformation of society? I'

THE NEXT NUMBER OF THE REVIEW Ij . W ill deal w~thd fithlisd fashcinatin.g. sulbject-Ithedrevol.l~tions, thde.t~ansforhmations, It the unoccuple e s, t e po1lhca , mora an re 19lOUS con ItlOns; t e transi t formations that are taking place; stories of how the work is conducted. + I ! OUR LATIN AMERICA (OCTOBER) NUMBER !! Ii+ The Latin American Republics Religious Trends in Spanish America By MARY WILHELMINE WILLIAMS By JOHN A. MACKAY i t. Some Unevangelized Areas The Influence of the Printed Page i I+•I By JOHN RITCHIE +, By H. C. TUCKER Attitudes of Governments Toward t• Religious Liberty The Living Church in Latin America I, By C. S. DETWEILER By KENNETH GRUBB t. ReligiousHEducation in Latin America The Indians-Pagan and Christian I I•'. By UGH C. STUNTZ t + Emerging Latin American Youth By JOSEPH A. DAVIS Union and Cooperation in Latin i By S. FRANKLIN MACK t f+~ Next Steps in Evangelization America I•.. By RALPH E. DIFFENDORFER By WEBSTER E. BROWNING it I, The Gospel for Latin Americans Best Books on Latin America By EDWARD H. HAYMAKER By SAMUEL G. INMAN + There will also be series of sketches of outstanding evangelical Christians, stories of t I notable misisonary work, an article on "The Progress of Women in Latin America" and I,: "Spanish-American Views of Evangelical Work." : ORDER NOW It ~J Single copies, 2S cents $20 per hundred +t The Missionary Review of the World ………….. i if t; …………………._.. ._.T_.h_ir_d_a.n_d.R_ei.l_y..S.tr.e.e.t.s.,.H~_ar_ris._bu_rg_, _Pa…….~_ t

The Missionary Review of the World — July 1935

" JULY

NARY RID Hitler and the Jews……A Christian View Conrad Hoffmann, Jr.

Christian Youth and aNew America RoyA. Burkhart The Spiritual Condition .of the Heathen Henry W.Frost Taking the Gospel to the Dyaks .

David Clench TheYounger Men's Missionary Congress Mills J. Taylor Experiences on the Mosquito Coast Kenneth 'Grubb ,Pioneering Work in Madagascar w. Kendall Gale 25 Cents a Copy $2.50 a Yea,.

WINNETKA Personal

Waenever EXTENSION SCHOOL Bishop J. H. Linton, of Isfahan, the Call comes from FOR CHILDREN Iran (Persia), a missionary bishop of EAST OF SUEZ PROVIDES GUIDANCE AND ALL the Church of England for over fif- MATERIALS FOR TEACHINfil YOUNG teen years, is returning to England, sail by having been appointed by the .l:Sishop CHILDREN AT HOME of BIrmingham to the rectory of p&O Handsworth, in succession to Canon It offers complete instruction for W. J. Lyon. The loss of Bishop Lin- To whatever part of the East the work the tirst six grades of school, using of the Faith may take you ••• Cunard self-instructive, self-correcting ma- ton to Iran will be greatly felt as he White Star and P & 0 combine to terials designed for individual prog- has been a leader in the evangelization make the way easy. You cross to ress. Curriculum, methods and of Moslems and in movements toward England by the largest fleet on the materials have been developed in Atlantic ••• then sail eastward on the the Winnetka Public Schools under • • • uniting evangelical mission work. new s.s. Strathnaver or s. s. Strathaird direction of outstanding educators. Prof. Hachiro Yuasa, of the Imor any other fast luxurious P&O liners. perial University at Kyoto, has been Thus you use throughout the two For details about the special service elected and installed as President of Lines preferred by travelers since for children of foreign missionaries, Doshisha University, Kyoto, founded 1840 ••• on the Indian and Pacific by Joseph Hardy Neesima. The new as well as the Atlantic oceans. Tra- write to president is a graduate of Doshisha ditions of seamanship and service that and has received degrees from three have endured for nearly a century, THE WINNETKA EXTENSION SCHOOL American institutions. He is a third are your assurance of a safe and generation Christian, his grandmother supremely comfortable voyage. HORACE MANN SCHOOL and his father having been baptized by Dr. Neesima. Dr. Yuasa is also PEN INS ULARAN D 0RlENTAL WINNETKA •• ILLINOIS chairman of the Board of Trustees of AND the Kyoto Y. M. C. A. BRITISH INDIA Dates to Remember Rev. Ladislau•s H• ar*sanyi, pastor of STEAM NAVIGATION COMPANIES July 2-7-lnternational Christian En- deavor Convention, Philadelphia, the First Magyar Church, New York P & 0 liners sail regularly from London to Pa. City, has been awarded the service pin Egypt, Sudan and the Persian Gulf, to India, of the Presbyterian Board of National Burma and Ceylon, to the Straits Settle. August 7-12 – World Convention of Missions for 25 years of service it' ments, China and Japan. to Australia and the Disciples of Christ, Leicester, that Board's work in his present field. New Zealand, East and South Africa, England. Mauritius, etc. Convenient through book· *•• ings at attractively low fares can be arranged August H-I8-Foreign Missions Week Mr. Albert Griffith AdaDls, of the by your local travel agent or any office of of the Southern Baptist Convention West Africa Mission of the Presby- Cunard White Star Line. in the Blue Ridge Mountains on terian Church in the Cameroun, has Compkteinformationfrom YourLocalAgentor the Southern Baptist Assembly been honored by the French Govern- Grounds, Ridgcrest. North Carolina. ment with the "Order of the Black CUNARD WHITE STAR Star of Benin." This is the highest August 12-18-World Alliance for In- honor of the Government given in GENERAL AGENTS ternational Friendship Through the Africa, and is conferred because of Churches. Geneva, Switzerland. 25 Broadway New York 638 Fifth Ave. • • Mr. Adams' financial ability. August 18-22 – Universal Christian Council for Life and Work. Geneva, • – – Switzerland. – – – – Dr. John Henry House, for sixty- four years a missionary under the Summer Oonferences and American Board in the Balkan States Schools of Missions of Europe, celebrated his 90th anni- versary on May 28th. Thirty years Bethesda, Ohio. July 29-August 2. ago, Dr. House founded the Thesso- Miss Mary I. Scott, 810 Tomlinson loni~a Agricultural and Industrial In- Ave., Moundsville, W. Va. stitute of which he is president emeritus. This is also known as the Chautauqua, New York. August 18- American Farm School and is located 24. Institute of World Missions, near Salonika, Greece. He still re- Mrs. F. C. Reynolds, 809 Woodlawn sides there and his birthday anniver- Road, Roland Park, Baltimore, Md., sary was celebrated with the aid of Chairman. U. S. Minister McVeigh, the British Consul and representatives of the Eaglesmere, Pa. June 26-July 8. Cor. Greek Government. Sec.-Mrs. Edith C. Ashton, 1989 Grant Ave., Bustleton, Philadelphia, George Walk•er •Bu*ckner, Ji, has Pa. become editor of World Call, to suc- Houston, Teg;as. October 28-Novem- ceed Harold E. Fey. Dr. Buckner is ber 1. Mrs. E. B. Mohle, 2809 Rob- the youngest son of a minister of the inhood, Houston, Texas. Disciples of Christ.

Minnesota (Minneapolis – St. Paul). John Buchan*, an* * in the Pres- September 16-23. Mrs. A. F. Au- guster, 1586 Van Buren St., St. elder Paul, Minn. byterian Church of Scotland, has been appointed Governor-General of Can- Mountain Lake Park, Maryland. July 81-August 6. MrS. B. H. Sin- ada, the first commoner to fill that cell, 108 2d St., Oakland, Md. post. * * "" Nort1r.field, Massachusetts. JUly 5-18. Mra. Virgil B. Sease, Parlin, N. J. Dr. Friedrich Siegmund-Schultze. formerly a professor in the University Warren, Ohio. September 17 and 24. Mrs. Goo. Konold, 814 Scott St., of Berlin, director of the East Berlin N. E., Waqen, Ohio. (Concluded on 3d cOl1er.)

MISSIONARY

REVIEW OF THE WORLD DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Editor VOL. LVIII JULY, 1935 No.7 PUblication and Business 01llce– .."A Wonderful Help EMPRESS EXPRESS Third and Reily Sts., Harrisburg, Pa. TO THE ORIENT onThe Foreign Field" Editorial and Executive 01llce– YOKOHAMA IN 10 FAST DAYS by 156 Fifth Avenue, New York City. The School That Comes to You… By Mail! the Direct Express Route. Go on Entered as second-class matter at the sister-ships, Empress of Asia "Your school is a wonderful help here on or Empress of Russia. Ports-of-call: Post 01llce, Harrisburg, Pa., under the foreIgn held and I am so hal?PY to have Yokohama, Kobe, Nagasaki, Shang- Act of March 3, 1879. my chIldren so well educated, . Writes a hai, Hong Kong, and Manila. parent whose children are studying Calvert 25 cents a copy-$2.50 a year. Courses in far off China. Take 3 more days and go by way Foreign Postage, 50 cents a year. For 28 years, Calvert School has had a part of Honolulu on the fast Empress Published monthly, except August. in educating the children of famIlies in of Japan or the Empress of Canada. All rights reserved. Copyrighted 1935. Missionary work . . . in giving them the INEXPENSIVE ROUND·TRIP FARES. British agents – Marshall, Morgan rich, cultural background of an American Go by distinguished First Class or and Scott, 12 Paternoster Buildings, private school. comfortable Tourist Class. Still London, E. C. 1 shilling per copy, No matter where your mission, Calvert lower Summer round-trip fares to 10 shillings a year. School will come to you with complete the Orient. Low-cost Third Class. courses of instruction for your children FREQUENT SAILINGS from Van- MISSIONARY REVIEW PUB- from kindergarten to high school age. couver (trains to ship-side) and LISHING CO., INC. All lessons, books, stationery and special Victoria. Orient fares include pas- Calvert educational devices are supplied sage to and from Seattle. California BOARD OF DIRECTORS from our prominent and successful prIvate sailings meet "Empresses" at day school in Baltimore. Honolulu. ROBERT E. SPEER, President These simple, understandable, moderately • Also, •• low-cost World Tours. WM. 1. CHAMBERLAIN, Vice-President priced Home Instruction Courses are a BOOKLETS frOffiYOUROWN AGENT WALTER McDOUGALL, Treasurer unique and satisfactory way of solving your or Canadian Pacific: New York, DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Secretary child's educational problem in the foreign Chicago, San Francisco, and 34 held. other cities in the U. S. and Canada. SAMUEL MCCREA CAVERT MRS. ORRIN R. JUDD Lessons Mav Be Started at Anv Time WM. B. LIPPHARD Write today. Get full information about ERIC M. NORTH Calvert-"The School That Comes to JESSE R. W'ILBON You." See what Calvert is doing for A. L. W ARNBHUIB others . • • it will do the same for your SAMUEL M. ZWEMER —– children. ———– Editorial Chat CALVERT SCHOOL The special Home Mission (June) number of THE REVIEW has already Mrs. O. S. Rhoads made a hit. Orders are being filled as Director of Home InstTUCtion promptly as possible as long as the 187 W. Tuscanv Road supply lasts. We cannot reprint a BALTIMORE, MARYLAND new edition. Please order now. Name _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ *** Address Since we do not issue an August E, Diffendorfer, John Ritichie and REVIEW this July issue is larger and others – missionaroies, executives, contains a rich and varied program. travelers and authors. Why not order Many of our readers will not wish to extra copies now? miss a 'word of it. Will you pass on copies and recommend them to your [321 ] friends? This will make them your debtors and will promote interest in Christ's work in all lands.

*** We deeply appreciate the many kind references to THE REVIEW and editorial commendations that appear from time to time in contemporary magazines at home and abroad. All who are living to exalt Christ and are working to advance His cause, can accomplish this end best by working in close and sympathetic fellowship with Him and with each other. There can be no selfish rivalry among Christians.

*** The September REVIEW will have a rich table of contents with articles on the present situation and progress in Turkey, Africa, China, Japan, Korea and America. Do not miss your copy by a failure to notify us of any change of address.

The Latin Am* er*ica*number of THE REVIEW will be out about October 1st. The articles include very informing and stimulating papers by Latin Americans and by such well-known authorities as John A. Mackay, Webster E. Browning, S. G. Inman, Ralph

by Kenneth Grubb PhotogrOJphy by Kenneth

TRAVELING ON ONE OF THE TYPICAL ROADS IN HONDURAs A GLIMPSE OF THE CAPITAL OF HONDURAS-NOT ON THE RAILWAY REVIB ORLD VOLUME LVIII AN INTERDENOMINATIONAL REVIEW OF WORLD-WIDE CHRISTIAN PROGRESS NUMBER 7 JULY, 1935 Topics of the Times A PEACE MESSAGE FROM JAPAN understand the problems and difficulties confront- Missionaries of Christ are true peacemakers. ing the Oriental peoples, to remove all sources of True Christians are one the world over. They friction and misunderstanding for which our namay not be able immediately to change govern- tion may be responsible, and particularly to cultiment policies or to control moral conditions, to vate attitudes that will spurn any suggestion of correct economic and social evils or to establish seeking solutions of our problems by means other true Christian educational methods, but they seek than the employment of peaceful diplomacy. We to live in harmony with the Will of God and at plead for the will to peace. peace with fellow Christians. A recent letter (April 20th) has come from missionaries in Japan "With a solemn sense of our responsibility as to fellow Christians in America. It is, in part, Christian Americans in Japan, and in the light of as follows: our intimate knowledge of the Japanese people, we declare our conviction that the cause of peace "As Americans living in Japan we find our- and mutual welfare will be served if our fellow selves in a position of peculiar privilege. To the American citizens resolutely and conscientiously rich heritage of our own citizenship, there is added consider the following proposals: the wealth of life and friendship with another (1) To study with care the laws proposed in our legisnation. Our experience has deepened our. appre- lative assemblies, or already on the statute books, that ciation of both peoples and has convinced us that bear upon our relations with foreign countries, and more priceless benefits will continue to flow naturally particularly to remove the aspects of our Immigration Act which offend the self-respect of Oriental peoples; from growing intimacy and cooperation between (2) To condemn the subversive propaganda against forthem. For the historical friendship between eign countries frequently appearing in certain of our Japan and the United States is not a mere phrase; ne(;fa~~r~~ing to bear the force of Christian principles it is a fact which rests upon deep sentiment, mu- upon the foreign policies of our government; tually advantageous commercial interests, and for- (4) To support our government in every effort to avoid tunate geographical positions. This relationship giving offense to friendly nations by such incidents as inhas the additional advantage of being enlivened discreet declarations on the part of public officials, naval by differing but complementary cultures. Ob- manreuvers on the borders of friendly powers, and other provocative gestures of force; viously only a structure of peace should rest upon (5) To encourage our government 00 take the lead in such a foundation. disarmament proposals which, while protecting legitimate . "In saying this we would not ignore differences national interests, shall eventuate in reduction of armain point of view on some vital issues. Such differences are I.neVI·table bet ween st rong andas·pIrm. g ments to police status; nations but they should be made stepping stones (6) To cherish the faith that peace can be won and to mutual respect and cooperation through the workings of enlightened statesmanship and the maintained wherever men of good will unite in sacrificial diplomacy of peace. . . . and intelligent cooperation, and to encourage the round- table method of solving the complex but by no means in- "However, in the presence of forces which, if soluble problems now confronting the nations in East Asia; unchecked, may easily endanger this long record (7) To reenforce our government in every possible way of unbroken peace, we would urge our friends in in a policy of cooperation with other nations through the the United States to redouble their efforts to International Labor Office, the World Court, and all other effective agencies for world regeneration. We believe that the entry of the United States into the League of Nations would greatly contribute to the maintenance of peace in [323 ]

East Asia, removing a serious obstacle to Japan's return partment undertook the enforcement of the revenue act to the League, and encouraging her cooperation 'in all in- of May, 1934, the cases began to come in again under the ternational affairs. revenue procedure. . . . The increase in practically all kinds of crime has carried us beyond the estimate. In "We would stress the need of forbearance and other words, the lag we were expecting to get through the sympathetic understanding of the spiritual aspira- repeal of prohibition did not matlerialize. tions and material needs of all the Oriental peopies; we urge the exercise of a fearless and en- If prohibition does not "prohibit," even more lightened conscience in the discernment and sup- is it true that licensing the manufacture and sale port of the moral principles involved. We believe of alcoholic drinks does not decrease crime or the in facing these problems upon the plane of Chris- cost of law enforcement. The Department of tian love rather than that of materialistic self- Justice also states that there has been no decrease interest. We assure our fellow-Americans of the in the number of prisoners since the repeal and presence of this spirit and point of view among that "appropriations must be increased to provide many of our Japanese friends, both Christian and for more inmates in penal and correctional instinon-Christian, and we pledge ourselves to work to tutions." the end that in the critical issues before us the advocates of reason and peace on both sides of the It is encouraging on the other hand to note the Pacific may speak the final word." number of Christian educational and welfare agencies that are studying the situation and are ALCOHOL AND CRIME endeavoring to cope with the problem through the introduction of scientific instruction and char- The use of intoxicants is not the only or the acter-building programs. The "Allied youth chief cause of crime and immorality. The lack of Movement" and similar organizations are workhigh ideals, defects in modern education, unwhole- ing diligently to enlist the youth of the country some home and family life, a dominating desire in promoting moral and spiritual strength and to to gratify selfish instincts, and above all a disre- increase true patriotism and the observance of gard for God and the supreme claims of Jesus the laws of God and of the State. Christ are the real causes of weakness and deterioration in individuals and in society today. ALL-INDIA CHRISTIAN CONFERENCE At the same time sociological studies reveal the The Christians in any land, because of their fact that increase in the use of intoxicating drinks high ideals, their general intelligence and strength promotes disease, crime and immorality. Alcohol of character, should be able greatly to influence as a beverage lowers resistance, weakens inhibi- legislation and standards of conduct in the country tions, interferes with judgment and takes away of which they are citizens. The difficulty is that self-control. Physicians and police officers declare they cannot unite on a course of action or that that even one drink is enough to incapacitate a many of them fail to stand strongly for Christian man or a woman for safe driving of an automo- principles when the test comes in regard to public bile. There is good reason why locomotive engi- questions. The acceptance of Christian standards neers are forbidden to use intoxicants and yet plus Christian unity may accomplish wonders in their engines run on rails! The number, freedom national and international life, under the guidance and power of the modern motor cars make it es- of God. sential that every driver have all his mental and physical powers under perfect control. Men and The recent All-India Christian Conference is an women do many foolish and hurtful things when example of how Indian Christians are getting tostrong drink has taken away or lessened their gether in an effort to make their united voice felt powers of calm judgment and self-control, giving in Indian life. This conference met at Moradain their place false courage and greater disregard bad, April 19th and 20th, with delegates from for results. United Provinces, Bombay, Panjab,' Behar and Orissa, and Madras. The president was Dewan Advocates of the repeal of prohibition stated Bahadur A. Appadural PiIIari of Madras and the that crime would decrease with the return of general secretary is Mr. Behari Lal Rallia Ram. license. As a matter of fact the Department of Justice states that crime is increasing since the Among the resolutions adopted by the conferrepeal. Jails and prisons are overcrowded-very ence were the following: largely as a result of strong drink. Mr. Sanford Bates, Director of the Bureau of Prisons, stated 1. An appeal to the viceroy to grant amnesty to a subcommittee of the House of Representatives to political prisoners not guilty of violence. . Committee on Appropriations (March 4, 1935) : 2. A resolution urging the substitution of the There was a great decrease in liquor offenses which con- term "Backward Classes" for "Depressed Classes" tinued through the repeal. As soon as the Treasury De- as more in harmony with the Christian spirit. The conference urged that all agencies and or- ganizations make every effort to remove all so-

TOPICS OF THE TIMES

cial, economic and educational disabilities from years ago); the Church of England Zenana Mis- which some Indians suffer on account of their sionary Society, with seven missionaries (opened ancestry, occupation or residence. The United thirty-four years ago); the Christian and Mis- Provinces Association has successfully appealed sionary Alliance of New York withdrew its mis- to the Government to call a conference on the sionaries from Chaman a few years ago.

education of village Christians and to avoid re- There has been practically nothing done for the ferring to converts from "Backward Classes" by people of other districts in Baluchistan, most of their old caste titles in public returns and docu- whom are either Sunni Moslems (735,000) or ments. Hindus (55,000). Christians number about 7,000 3. The conference suggested better cooperation and Sikhs 8,000.

between Roman Catholics and Indian Protestants, No word has yet been received as to the fate of on questions of general public welfare, through the missionaries. It is reported that the city of the appointment of a joint committee of fourteen. Quetta will not be rebuilt.

This committee would deal with civic and other matters affecting the Indian community as a YOUTH CONGRESS IN PHILADELPHIA whole. An "interdenominational youth congress" is 4. The conference expressed its conviction that what Christian Endeavorers call their coming in- ternational convention which is to meet July 2-7. the "Government of India Bill," now being en- In the societies represented in the Philadelphia acted in the British Parliament, fails to give ade- County Christian Endeavor Union are seven thouquate recognition to the Indian Christian com- sand young people and within a radius of five hunmunity and that this bill should contain a declara- dred miles live approximately one-third of the tion in favor of guaranteeing the fundamental Christian Endeavor members of North America. rights to every citizen in the full exercise of his The meetings will be held in the civic Convention religious beliefs and of the rights of minorities. Hall which has thirty or more conference rooms for sections of the day-time program and an audi- 5. The conference also called attention to the torium seating several thousands for evening need for revising the Indian Christian Marriage mass meetings. Among the speakers announced Act of 1872 since under that Act an Indian Chris- for the Philadelphia convention are Dr. Robert tian girl is placed under great disadvantage if E. Speer, missionary statesman; Dr. Norman V. she marries a man whose religion entitles him to Peale, of the Reformed Church in America; Dr. be governed by his own personal laws. Oscar W. Blackwelder, a Lutheran leader from Washington; Dr. Lynn Harold Hough, a Meth- Christians in every land recognize that their odist preacher and educator, Drew Theological true "citizenship is in Heaven" but they cannot Seminary; Dr. Daniel A. Poling, editor of Christherefore escape from the responsibility for tian Herald and president of the World's Chrisunitedly seeking to make the laws of the land in which they live more in harmony with the eternal laws of God and the Spirit of Jesus Christ.

THE EARTHQUAKE IN BALUCHISTAN tian Endeavor Union; Dr. Edwin T. Dahlberg, a Baptist clergyman from St. Paul, Minnesota; Miss Quetta, the capital of Baluchistan, northwest Margaret Slattery, widely known author and a of India, has been completely destroyed by an popular speaker to young people; Hon. Lester H.

earthquake (May 31) with the loss of over 40,000 Clee, D.D., Newark clergyman who is speaker of lives in the earthquake zone – including at least the New Jersey House of Representatives; Dr.

200 Britishers. Louis Evans, Presbyterian minister of Pitts- Baluchistan has an area of 134,638 square burgh; Dr. Abram E. Cory, Director of the Pen- miles and a population of 800,000; the British sion Fund of the Disciples of Christ; Dr. Norman administered territory includes 54,228 square E. Richardson, a leader in religious education; miles with a population of about 425,000. The Dr. William Hiram Foulkes, Newark, leader in city of Quetta, beautifully situated in the moun- international religious projects; Dr. Roy A. Burk- tains, had a population of about 60,000. British hart, Columbus, Ohio, youth leader; Dr. Samuel troops and government officials were stationed at W. Hughes, of London, secretary of the National Quetta, and here the Royal Air Force headquarters Free Church Council of Great Britain; Dr. James were entirely destroyed, as well as practically all Kelly, of Glasgow, general secretary of the World's the houses in the civil area. The cities of Kalat Sunday School Association; Harry N. Holmes, and Mastung were greatly damaged as were all international Christian leader in peace move- the villages between Kalat and Quetta. ments; Bishop M. H. Davis of the African Meth- The only Protestant Christian missionary work odist Episcopal Church; and the Rev. and Mrs.

in Baluchistan is that conducted by the Church Vere W. Abbey, secretaries of the Christian En- Missionary Society in Quetta (opened thirty-five deavor Union of India and Burma. More than

seventy young people and leaders of young people such a thing as personal conviction of sin. Now, for many, will compose the faculty of the daily school of the sin is rather a misfortune than a fault. Conviction of sin, convention, where young people will discuss timely if it comes, seems'to result from a study of the social issues in many phases of church and community wrongs rather than from a sense of personal sin. service. "We Choose Christ" is the general theme of the convention. 4. Forty-three years ago, the Bible was regarded by Christian students as the Word of God. Now it is regarded Several hundred delegates are expected to ac- by some as merely containing the Word of God, and each company President Poling and Mr. and Mrs. undergraduate may decide for himself what parts of it Abbey to the World's Christian Endeavor Con- are the Word of God. The result is that there is a lack of vention in Budapest, Hungary (August 2-7). faith in the absolute trustworthiness of the sacred Scrip- "Thy Kingdom Come" is the theme of the World's tures. Convention, at which a delegation of eight hundred is expected from Great Britain, with large 5. Forty;-three years ago, doubt was regarded with representation from Germany and delegates from alarm, now sometimes there is a danger of placing a pre- Northern Italy and the missions fields. mium on doubt. Our Lord did not congratulate Thomas on being so clever as tp doubt His resurrection. Of course UNIVERSITY STUDENTS TODAY we should not favor credulity; we ought to have a reason for the faith that is in us. Dr. Robert P. Wilder, known and beloved by many as the founder of the Student Volunteer 6. Today the presentation of Christian truth to uni- Movement and a tireless worker for Christ among versity men and women is, much more "highbrow" than it students in India, Europe, America and the Near used to be forty years ago. The appeal in those days was East, has recently visited British universities to the will more than to the intellect. The appeal now under the auspices of the Inter-Varsity Fellow- seems to be largely to the intellect. Jesus said, "If any ship. These conferences have produced effective man willeth to do His (the Father's) will, he shall know results in the deepening of spiritual life and the of the teaching." presentation of the call to Christian missionary services. Many workers among students today need to be re- minded of the words of Christ, "Except ye be converted It was forty-three years ago that Dr. Wilder and become as little children, ye cannot enter the Kingdom first visited the British universities for the pur- of Heaven." Many today join groups to discuss about the pose of helping to enlist students as volunteers for Bible rather than to study the book itself. missions. The changes that have taken place in Christian program in the universities in the past 7. During my first visit to Great Britain, missionary forty-three years are significant. He says in a addresses were usually based on the Bible as giving the recent issue of the Inter-Varsity Magazine: charter for the work. The need of the non-Christian lands was explained. Now speakers frequently appeal to their • 1. When I first visited the British universities, there audiences on the political, industrial and social needs of were in the main only three objects emphasized: humanity. Christ is so presented as the fulfilment of all that is good in non-Christian faiths that some students (1) To win fellow students to a personal faith in Jesus think that while He is the best way to God, He is not the Christ; only way.

(2) To build them up in Christ by prayer and by Bible In my recent tour one was much encouraged by the size study for personal spiritual growth; of the audiences. Thank God there were some conversions and several believers were deepened in their faith in (3) To encourage them to go forth as workers for Christ. In England, Ireland and Scotland it was a joy Christ into needy places at home and abroad. to find liberals present at many of the meetings. At the Guildhall in Cambridge there were 800 to 1,000 students Now the Christian undergraduate is expected to study present and there were some real spiritual results followsocial problems; to align himself with peace movements; ing that meeting. to study economic, racial and international problems, and to work for the unity of the Church. In the pressure of It is a joy to see so many students coming back to the these various interests which compete for his attention, "Morning Watch" and personal evangelism which were so the three primary objects are frequently lost sight of. prominent forty years ago. Undergraduates today have no more time for extra curriculum activities than they had forty-three years ago. Much the same comparison can be drawn be- tween American students-even professing Chris- 2. Forty-three years ago there was a strong belief tians-today and those of forty years ago. They among Christian undergraduates that those who are not are less concerned with their own eternal welfare saved are really lost. There are today a number of stu- and that of others all over the world; they are indents who feel that to mention hell is "bad form." The terested in social, economic and political probfuture destiny of one who lives an evil life had better not lems and methods-almost to the exclusion of the be discussed, is the feeling of many. The power of student religious and spiritual; they are prone to accept leaders like D. L. Moody lay largely in their conviction as their code the prevailing customs, standards that those who are not saved are really lost. St. Paul and philosophy of men even when these contradict "warned men night and day with tears" because he knew the Word of God as revealed in Christ and th~ their real condition. Bible. But there are encouraging signs of a re- turn to Christian faith and practice. Modern 3. Forty-three years ago Christian undergraduates knew materialism and humanism have failed to solve present-day problems and there is a growing con- sciousness of need for superhuman wisdom and power to guide human thought and destinies.

and the Jews-A Christian

By CONRAD HOFFMANN, Jr., New York I Director of the International Missionary Council's Committee }Be- on the Christian Approach to the Jews THE phenomenal rise to power of Adolf Hitler, As a result of this defeat, revolution broke out his anti-Semitism, and most recently, his de- in Germany overthrowing the monarchy and re- cision to rearm, the Versailles Treaty pro- placing it by a republican form of government, hibitions notwithstanding, have made him Eu- for which the German people were not prepared rope's post-war surprise package or Jack-in-the- either by temperament or training. They were Box. Few people ever expected him actually to monarchists and not republicans. Civil war con- become Germany's "Fuehrer." Even those whose tinued more or less well into the spring of 1919, authority and judgment we respected and trusted when the terms of the Versailles Peace Treaty predicted as late as January, 1933, that he would were made public. The Germans had anticipated never come to power in Ger- a peace on the basis of Wilson's many. Yet only two months Fourteen Points, but when the later, as a result of an over- Why do Germans dislike terms of Versailles were anwhelming landslide majority the Jews and wish to elim- nounced in May, 1919, complete vote of the German people, the inate them from national disillusionment took place. The Austrian painter and political life? Is there any justifica- treaty placed upon the Ger- fugitive of a few years back tion for such persecution and mans two great burdens: the was officially and enthusiasti- discrimination of the Jews as material burden of impossible cally inaugurated as Germany's they are experiencing; if so, war reparation demands, and leader and heralded by many as the spiritual burden of carry- Germany's saviour. what is it? The Christian ing the whole guilt of respon- viewpoint is very different sibility for the war. Such guilt To understand these unex- and people in many lands they refused to acknowledge; pected developments, we must have been stirred to protest. they could not and would not go back to the war days and Dr. Hoffmann has recently gathered first· hand informatake up Germany's experience tion; read his article if you believe that their six million and history since then. Only as wish to know the inside facts dead on the battlefields of and to learn the probable rewe comprehend the full portent Europe had died without some of the war and post-war experi- sults to the Christian Church justice to their cause. ences for the German people and program. Inflation of the German cur- can we hope to account for rency followed, causing com- Hitler and his anti-Semitism. plete demoralization of the peo- We need to remember that the German people ple by removing the sense of security commonly went into the war believing, rightly or wrongly, placed in a country's money. From being one of that theirs was a righteous cause and that God the most thrifty peoples in the world, in the course was on their side. (Incidentally, every nation of two years the Germans became the greatest that participated in the war went in with much spendthrifts. In times of a rapidly decreasing the same kind of belief and conviction. It seems currency value, such as swept Germany during that the universal God of all mankind had been the inflation, the worst thing to do seems to be to split into petty national gods by the respective na- save money and the wisest thing is to spend it as tional propaganda.) With this strong conviction quickly as possible. The result was that the aver- the German people made every possible sacrifice age German workman, clerk, or professional man, to win the war, and the Allies remember to their on receipt of weekly wage or monthly salary, in- sorrow that as a result Germany, practically stead of depositing a large share in savings bank single-handed, fought the world to a standstill for accountl;l, hurried off to spend as quickly as pos- four long years. The Germans emerged from the sible and translate it into more stable commodities war completely exhausted. All their sacrifices such as food, clothes, furs, jewels, but under no proved in vain, for as we know Germany was circumstances to keep the money. Even the little defeated. children caught the fever and knew that if they [327 ]

did not spend the ten or twenty pfenning they re~ more Germans, intently straining their ears in ceived immediately they would get less and less anticipation of his address. And beyond them the candy the longer they kept the money. A sum of many millions of Germans listening in on the na- German marks which in the early days of the in~ tional hook-up that was to broadcast the inaugural flation {leriod was sufficient to purchase an entire ceremonies. Expectation everywhere. A rebirth city block of houses in Berlin was, by the end of of a nation. What an opportunity and temptation a year, scarcely sufficient to buy a pair of shoe~ for a clever politician to play the "grandstand"!

strings. Hitler, however, displayed real genius; as he Then came political disintegration. The Ger~ stepped forward to address that vast assembly, man people, unaccustomed to the privilege of suf- visible and invisible, he effaced himself and in- frage which came to them with the revolution, stead called upon the venerable General von Hin- transformed that privilege into license. At the denburg. Placing the General between himself peak of this political disintegration there were as and his German audience he remarked simply, "to many as twenty-seven different political parties this man we owe this great hour" and made that in the field, all competing bitterly for the control the theme of his address. Hitler was well aware of the country. This in turn created disunity, that Hindenburg was the idol and hero of the civil strife, chaos, lawlessness, and disorder. German people and by this r1ct of recognition in- Finally, while these experiences were taking volving his own effacement he won for himself the place, the Germans were in the throes, not of an acclaim and confidence of the German people who economic crisis, but of a chronic economic depres- have ever since referred to him as "The Leader,"

sion which still continues, notwithstanding the many of them going further and speaking of him drastic efforts of Hitler to promote an internal as "The Saviour."

boom. That inauguration at Potsdam marked the birth The inevitable consequence of experiences of of a new Germany. By resorting to brutal viothis kind was to reduce the Germans to a state of lence it is true that Hitler has eliminated all oputter despair. On the other hand, as they looked position by completely routing and exterminating to the future there seemed absolutely no hope for the communist party, the social democrats, the them, in view of the unbending rigidity of Allied Centrum, and finally Hugenberg's Stahlhelm, the diplomacy toward Germany ever since the war. group that had helped to put him into power. As a matter of fact it is very doubtful whether With open opposition gone, Germany gained a Hitler ever would have come to power had Allied sense of unity. Moreover, Hitler gave German diplomacy been a little more generous with men youth the prospect of participation and creative like Stresemann and Bruening, or had undertaken activity in the building of the new Germany. in some degree to fulfil the Versailles Treaty terms Finally, thanks to his Spaf'tan idealism, he has with reference to their own disarmament. In this carried through a great moral clean~up of Gerthe Allies helped Hitler's rise to power. many. In no cities of the world perhaps was With the Germans in this state of despair and there such flagrant display of vice as in Berlin hopelessness it was natural for a messianic long~ and other German cities in the post-war period. Obscene art and literature, the nudist cult, the ing to develop. I The people craved something or most vulgar and daring of night clubs and cab- someone to come and change the situation for the better, and so, like a drowning man grasping at a arets flaunted their vice openly and boldly. Hitler straw, they grasped at Adolf Hitler as their only has eliminated all this and one might pray for a hope of salvation and swept him into power on a Hitler to help clean up some of the vulgar dis~ great tidal wave of national yearning. 'They were plays and vice centers of our own cities. convinced that he could not make conditions worse but might greatly improve them. Thus Hitler be~ The Outbreak of Anti-Semitism came possible because of the desperation of the Let us now turn to a consideration of the out- German people. Everything else having failed, break of anti-Semitism. Why did it come to pass? resort to this desperate step was taken. Since the Germans went into the war believing Whatever we may think of Adolf Hitler he is theirs was a righteous cause and that God was not a mere political mountebank. That was best on their side, they could never understand their evidenced at the time of his inauguration in Pots- defeat and post-war suffering. In their search dam. Imagine the scene: A festive and flag- for an explanation they dared not blame God, and draped church in Potsdam of Frederick the Great naturally did not wish to seek the cause within fame. Crowded to the doors and windows with themselves but rather looked about for some scape- an august assembly of leaders of every walk of goat. Under Hitler's leadership the Jews became German life; innumerable representatives of for- this scapegoat and were held responsible for all eign governments. Outside the church 100,000 or the ills that had befallen the Fatherland. Trag~

HITLER AND THE JEWS-A CHRISTIAN VIEW

ically throughout history the Jew has ever been election before he came to power over five million conveniently near at hand to become the scape- communist votes were cast in Germany. At the goat of nations in time of crisis. To justify his time, there were only 650,000 Jews in the country accusation against the Jews, Hitler provided evi- so that even if all these Jews, representing men, dence in many ways. First, he called attention to women, and children, had voted communist, there the fact that the constitution of the Weimar Re- were still eight times as many communist votes public, which followed the overthrow of the mon- cast as there were Jews in the country. Hitler archy was built up on the theories and doctrines himself tells us that not all the Jews voted com- of one Karl Marx who was born a Jew, although munist for simultaneously he accused them of be- later he was baptized as a Christian. Hitler then ing the financiers and in control of the money in- proceeded to rationalize, pointing out that the re- terests of Germany. One has yet to find that com- publican form of government had created political munist and capitalist make good bedfellows!

disintegration, that this in turn had created dis- He next called attention to the demoralizing in- unity and chaos, lawlessness and disorder, and fluence that had been at work in Germany in the that as a result Germany had been unable to pre- post-war period, above all to the anti-God and sent a solid front to the Allies. This meant in- anti-church movement that had been raising its ability to have German demands accepted by the head. Because certain Jews were connected with Allies, and left the future dark and uncertain. these tendencies he held German Jewry as a whole And so the ills of Germany in the post-war period responsible.

were traced back to Jewish influence and the Jews Finally, he pointed to the international connec- as a whole held responsible for all the national tions of the Jews and insinuated that, by virtue misfortunes. of these international connections, Gerrnan Jewry Again, Adolf Hitler called attention to the fact was intriguing against the best interests of the that, as a result of the large number of Jews in Fatherland.

the professional and cultural life of the country, Teutonic Racial Purity Germany was becoming Judaized. He failed, to explain that in the pre-war days non-Jews in- On top of all of these accusations came his racial variably sought the military career, from which purity idealism. Jews were excluded, so that the Jews naturally When a desperate people are fed with this type turned to the professions. The war ended the of propaganda against a disliked minority, the military career, and non-Jews, who had formerly inevitable result is an outbreak of more or less become military officers now turned to the pro- violent discrimination, which in Germany has fessions in which they discovered a dispropor- manifested itself in the present evidences of antitionately large number of Jews. As the economic Semitism. In times of crises it is easy to fan the depression increased, the competition became public opinion of a suffering people into hatred. more intense, with resultant growing bitterness The Germans, as we have seen, were desperate against the Jews who were holding jobs which the and were therefore neither objective nor reason- able; because certain Jews seemed guilty all non-Jews now wanted to fill. Hitler also called attention to the presence of Jewry was held responsible. We have here evicertain Jews as ringleaders in the communist agi- dence of the curse of generalization of which tation that had characterized post-war Germany. Jewry has ever been the victim.

Moreover, he told of the large number of Jews Hitler's anti-Semitism manifests itself not so that had come from Eastern Europe into Germany much in actual physical violence done the Jews since the war. Actually only about 70,000 had as in the commercial, political, social, and cul- entered but reference to Eastern Europe at once tural ostracism and boycott of all Jews. The acts envisaged Soviet Russia, and the "bugaboo" of of violence against individual Jews, and the minia- communism. Thus Hitler propagandized the Ger- ture pogrom in Gundershausen, are as inexcusable mans into believing that the Jews were respon- as are the numerous acts of violence perpetrated sible for the menace of communism in Germany. against many non-Jews who as communists, so- He had forgotten that during the war it was the cialists or pacifists were regarded as opponents German War Ministry which, as a war measure, of the Nazi regime.

had granted permission for Lenin and Trotzky to The average tourist to Germany will see little cross Germany from Switzerland en route to evidence of any Jewish persecution and as a re- Czarist Russia, in the hope that they would stir sult many have returned maintaining that there up the communist revolution in Czarist Russia, is no anti-Semitism, and even expressing admira- break Russia from the Allies, and thus give Ger- tion for the present regime. Owing to extensive many a better chance of winning the war. He press censorship many Germans are ignorant of also neglected to mention that in the last normal actual conditions, and they remain inarticulate or

maintain that the accusations concerning Hitler's lion as compared with the 650,000 Jews in preanti-Semitism are malicious propaganda from Hitler Germany. Fully 500,000 of the so-called abroad. Moreover, all articulate opposition to Hit- non-Aryans are out and out Christians, and have ler involves the risk of position, imprisonment, and been so for several generations, but because, by even of life. the accident of birth or inheritance, they happen to have Jewish blood in their veins they are dealt When one confers with German Jewish leaders, with as Jews and are being increasingly deprived visits Jewish families, and delves beneath the sur- of all possibility of a livelihood within Germany. face, one quickly discovers how insidious and pernicious is the campaign against the Jews. The The net result of all this anti-Semitism is a more vulgar and despicable aspects of the cam- gradual removal of Jews and Jewish influence paign are seen in Streicher's anti-Semitic publica- from the life of Germany, which in some respects tion known as Der StUrmer, and heard in certain reminds one of the elimination of the bourgeoisie public addresses against Jews made by represent- from Soviet Russia. Whereas it is not as drastic atives of the Nazi party. Der Sturmer stoops to as the "blood purge" of June 30, it produces more crude, indecent, and undignified attacks on the spiritual anguish in addition to physical pain. Jew utterly unworthy of the Germany of Goethe Within the last few weeks rumors have been curand Schiller, and of what we commonly und€r- rent that a definite plan of elimination of the Jews stand as German Ritterlichkeit. Newspapers fre- from Germany within the next twenty-five years quently publish the names and addresses of J ew- is being seriously considered. To date not more ish doctors and lawyers, urging the German pub- than 60,000 of the total 650,000 Jews in Germany lic not to patronize these. All Jews are denied have actually been able or willing to flee Germany positions in the civil service, in the teaching pro- to escape this growing wave of ostracism. Many fessions – whether in· the universities or the German Jews are really Germans – Germany is schools – as well as all participation in the cul- their native land and they are loath to leave it tural life of the country as represented by the even in the face of so much antagonism and peropera, theatre, arid music. The small trades are secution. Some 27,000 have gone to Palestine for at present the primary outlet. But when a coun- permanent settlement. The others have gone to try is in the throes of economic depression there France, Switzerland, Poland, and Czechoslovakia, isn't much hope for many new thousands of people where permanent residence for a few, and temto enter the small trades and to earn a livelihood porary residence for the many have been perthere. mitted. On the other hand, even if more desire to leave Germany, they cannot under present world A Campaign of Bitterness conditions. Emigration is practically impossible, for immigration laws everywhere, made more During the early part of last winter one was rigid by universal unemployment crises, render led to believe that a more moderate policy with any large exodus from one country to another imregard to the Jews was being introduced, but in possible. And so we have the tragic experience recent months and notably during March, the of hundreds of German Jews who had fled to campaign against the Jews seems to be $reatly neighboring countries where they have been intensified in scope and bitterness. granted temporary domicile now finding them- selves actually compelled to go back into Germany The whole campaign is most vicious in that it because no other country will have them. Acis not confined to adults but is extended' to the cording to a report widely circulated, many of children as well. A Berlin clergyman recently these returning Jews, on arrival in Germany, sent the writer an anti-Jewish poem which his ten- were at once placed in custody of the police or in year-old son and other Berlin school children were concentration camps. required to learn. Yet Heinrich Heine's "Die Lorelei," though written by a Jew, remains a Can there be any justification for this extensive popular folksong of the Germans. Members of and apparently brutal discriminatiqn and persethe boys' and girls' youth groups are forbidden cution of the Jews in Germany? Even though we to have any social contact with their former J ew- admit that the accusations of Adolf Hitler are ish playmates. The result is a poisoning of the true with reference to certdin individual Jews, minds of innocent German children with race there can, none the less, be no justification for the hatred and the creation of spiritual anguish for punishment of all the Jewish people of Germany the Jewish children. because of the guilt, real or imaginary, of certain German Jews. Having advanced this principle, Nor is the discrimination limited to Jews only. we must apply it to the Germans as well. There In pursuit of the racial purity idealism of Hitler seems also no justification for punishing all the it also includes all who within two generations Germans by the boycott because Hitler and the back have the taint of Jewish blood in their veins. Such persons are known as non-Aryans. Their number in Germany probably exceeds three mil-

Nazis are guilty of an unjustified and brutal anti- necessarily agree with all his policies, as is shown Semitism. by the courageous protests of Protestant clergy- A Christian Viewpoint men against the totalitarian concept of Hitler.

From a Christian point of view we must spe- The fight for the subjection of the Church to the cifically protest against Hitler's anti-Semitism. dictates of the State is not yet won. It is sig- In the first place, it is a violation of human per- nificant that of all the various agencies and groups sonality held sacred by the Christ whom Chris- in Germany the Church has been the only one tians profess to believe in. In the second place, which has dared openly to take issue with Hitler. it is an utter denial of the spirit and teachings of Note also the remarkable stand taken by Cardinal that Christ. In the third place, anti-Semitism, if Faulhaber, Roman Catholic Prelate of Munich, carried to its logical conclusions, must sooner or later become a menace to the continued existence who in five Advent sermons,* preached in 1933, of the Christian faith itself. As a matter of fact, a considerable number of Germans, in their desire openly took issue with Hitler with regard to his to eliminate Jewish influence, are not content to totalitarian state, his attitude toward Jews and eliminate it merely from their economic, profes- non-Aryans, and the neopagan trends in the wake sional, and cultural life, but are also attempting of Naziism. to eliminate Jewish influence from their religious faith. But if one would rid the Christian faith There are Y. M. C. A.'s in Germany which to of all Jewish influence one must do away with date have never hoisted the Hitler flag and anyone Moses and the Ten Commandments, the psalms, who has been in Germany since Hitler came into and the prophets. In addition one must do away power knows how conspicuous a building without with Jesus Christ Himself, as well as the twelve a swastika flag is in present-day Germany. The Apostles and St. Paul. Thus little would be left. marching thousands of young and old to the ac- Incidentally, this analysis reveals how much the companiment of military music and the flying Christian faith owes to Judaism for its own colors of the Hitler flag and the singing of the content. Horst Wessel song, as well as the extensive be- flagging of all buildings and homes, give the im- pression of a continuous Fouth of July celebra- tion. At least one Y. M. C. A., on hearing of the order requiring all youth organizations to enlist Following the shock of the outbreak of Hitler's their members en masse in the Hitler youth moveanti.,Semitism protests against it have been world- ment quietly, and deliberately dissolved its own wide. In some cases these were engineered by membership so that it had no members thus to the Jews themselves. In others Christians took enlist. It takes courage to do such things in Gerthe initiative. But unfortunately mere protests many today. are of little avail and bring no relief to the vic- Finally, I call attention to the experience of tims. The simplest solution would be repatriation one of my intimate friends, a Roman Catholic, and rehabilitation of the Jews of Germany in Fritz Beck by name, who lived in Munich. He other lands. But at present any large exodus of Jews from Germany to other lands is possible. was in charge of all student activities in Bavaria and was director of three student centers in America to date has taken in not more than 3,000 Munich. Ever since the war he had been most and these are very largely scholars, scientists, and active in international student affairs and while a musicians, admitted to help fructify American loyal German was strongly international-minded cultural life. Weare no more desirous of having the rank and file of German Jew than is any other and a very special friend of American students. Soon after Hitler came into power Beck received country in the world. instructions to keep the Jewish students out of Moreover, in America we find a rising tide of the student centers. A decision had to be made. anti-Jewish feeling and in view of our Negro Beck realized that if he refused to obey, the result racial problem and the brutal lynchings that take would be at least loss of position-a very serious place every now and then, the Germans rightly matter. But because Beck believed that the Faretaliate when we protest, with the question, therhood of God implied the brotherhood of man "What right have you to protest against our anti- and that therefore to discriminate against any Semitism? Are we doing anything that is worse people was a direct violation of that fundamental than your lynchings?" conviction, he had the courage to refuse. As a The world has wondered at the apparent ab- result he lost his job, and moreover gained the sence of opposition and protest within Germany enmity of many of the older Nazi students who against Hitler's anti-Semitism. It is therefore swore vengeance. By a miraculous coincidence, significant that not all Germans have acquiesced. Fritz Beck had many years ago befriended Roehm, Whereas most Germans will admit that Hitler is their only hope, that does not mean that they • These sermons have been published by the Macmillan Company under the title "Christianity, Judaism, and Germany."

who at the time of Beck's dismissal, was German Moreover, in view of the extensive oftimes exag- Chief of Staff. Roehm, hearing of Beck's dis- gerated agitation and protest against Germany, missal, and remembering the friendly deed of everything German of which certain American many years ago, used his influence to reinstate Jews and non-Jews have been guilty, American Beck and put him under the wing of his protec- citizens of German ancestry are becoming Gertion. On June 30, 1934, as we all know, Roehm man-conscious and are bitter against the Jews. among others was shot in cold blood by Hitler's Clashes and conflicts between Jews and such Gerorders. The older students took advantage of the man-conscious Americans have been frequent. commotion of the purge to call on Beck in his Most startling, however, is the large number of office. Beck was "taken for a ride," apparently Americans who are inclined to be indifferent, if tortured and then shot in cold blood. Several not actually sympathetic to Hitler's campaign days after his body, riddled with bullets, was against the Jews. As a friend sincerely interested found on a roadside near Munich. Beck paid in solving the problem of the Jew, one could wish with his life for his defense of the Jew. for some recognition by Jews that certain Jews, by their attitudes, actions, and activities help to Fritz Beck's last letter to me, written just six provoke anti-Semitism, and that such undoubtedly weeks before he was killed, gives evidence that was the case in Germany. Hitherto there has been he had a premonition of the fate that awaited him. no such admission of possible guilt by Jews. To None the less he went ahead, not swerving from solve the problem of the Jew, both gentile and his convictions, even in the face of death. In this Jew must cooperate in eliminating causes of antiletter (dated May 15, 1934), he wrote: Jewish feeling. The gentile alone cannot elim- inate anti-Jewish feeling, even though we admit On June 4, God willing, I shall once again be at the old the burden of guilt rests largely on gentiles. job in Munich. And even though it is with a bleeding heart that I view much of that which is now taking place One-third of all the Jews in the world live in in Germany I shall remain at my post as long as God wills. America. One-eighth of all the Jews in the world Indeed, it seems almost like a miracle of God that I have are in New York City. What is the future of been able to continue at my task thus long, in spite of the these Jews? There are evidences of growing antifact that I have in no way changed my opinions. May God Jewish feeling. The serious economic crisis which give me strength ever to bear witness to Him, even if the confronts America contributes to this. There are Powers that be should demand of me torture, imprison- numerous small groups that are openly agitating ment, or life itself. against the Jews and it is here that the real 'chal- lenge to the Christian Church of America comes. Will not you also remember me in prayer-after all, The American Church must be aggressive in the separated as we are, prayer alone availeth. . . . present situation lest through indifference or tol- erance it become guilty, like the German Church, Thus we see that whereas Hitler and the Nazis of actually fostering anti-Jewish feeling. are brutally anti-Semitic, there are many Germans who, at the risk of position, liberty, and life In the past nations have endeavored to solve itself, are taking issue silently as well as openly the Jewish problem by forcible conversion of the in their protest against anti-Semitism. Let us not Jew to the Christian faith, by his exile, by segregeneralize with reference to the Germans any gation in the ghetto, and even by massacre, but more than with reference to the Jews. none of these methods have solved the problem. Anti-Semitism, no matter what form it takes, Other Issues in Germany merely aggravates the problem of the Jew. The only other alternative is that of true Christian If space permitted, one should discuss the im- neighbol'liness, and it is this which the Christian portant German Church issue, as well as the char- churches of America must promote and immeacter, and aims of the Nazi party and finally the diately, if we are to avoid an outbreak of antiimplications for peace or war in Europe, growing Semitism akin to that which has taken place in out of Hitler's recent decision to rearm, the con- Germany. This is the task of the Christian sequent conferences between Hitler, Simon, and churches. It must be more than goodwill, im- Eden, as well as the Stresa meetings. However, portant as that is; it must be, a witnessing to the our primary concern has been the Jewish ques- Jew who is our neighbor of the power that Jesus tion, with which we must limit ourselves for the Christ gives men and women to live as true chilpresent. dren of God and therefore as true brothers to our fellowmen, irrespective of race, color, or creed. To complete our theme, we need a word on the Jesus Christ is the key to the solution of the probimplications of Hitler's anti-Semitism for Amer- lem of the Jew, here as in Germany and elsewhere. ica. It is well to remember that in the wake of Hitler's anti-Semitism there has come a renaissance within Jewry. It is significant that this renaissance is stressing the racial and national aspects of Jewishness rather than the religious.

Youth and a New

~~II~~~BY~R~O~Y~A~.~B~U~R~KH~A~R~T~'~C~Ol~wn~bu~S'~O~h~i~o~~ll~ SOMEONE has well said that if Communism in it far-reaching possibility. For the first time gets the upper hand in America Christianity will be to blame. Someone else has said that in the history of Protestantism all agencies workif we ever have a war again Christianity will be to blame. Someone else might well say that if our ing with youth are actually working together. It economic order, with its muddled and turbulent conditions, finally ends up in chaos, dragging civ- is a challenging movement. Youth and their lead- ilization with it Christianity will be to blame.* ers are responding in a most encouraging way.

In one of the twenty-four youth conferences The Christian Youth Council of North America held in important centers as a part of the united youth program, "Christian youth Building a New met at Lake Geneva last summer and most of the WorId," a boy stood up in a closing commitment service and made this significant statement: camps and conferences last summer built their Mr. Leader, how can you have the conscience to stand program around this united youth movement. there and ask these young people to commit their lives to a religion that is a part of an economic order and a social Many denominational meetings and all agencies system that is pagan to the very heart? You are asking them to give their lives to a religion that has wandered looking into the summer and next fall are planfar from its Founder and that has become a battle cry for a civilization that has long since lost concern for ning their programs in harmony with the major human needs. I am the son of a Methodist minister. I am a graduate of a large university in engineering. I projects of the movement. waited four years for a job-I could not get it. My life had no meaning. Now I am a Communist and my life has Twenty-four large regional youth conferences meaning. We Communists are building a new world. We may starve doing it but we have the satisfaction of work- were held in March and more than 26,000 young ing for a cause that will ultimately give justice to those who live after us. people and their leaders were in attendance, with The reader can well visualize what happened in 1,600 local churches represented. Most encourthat group. There was a deathly silence. Well thinking young people, realizing the devisiveness' aging reports have been received. Young people in our conception of Christianity, the lack of constructive action, the apathy of so-called Christian were challenged to the task to be done by Chrisleaders, knew that this boy was speaking words which were far too true for comfort. They knew tianity and were made aware of their responsithat young people in most churches have no sense of mission. Few have any sense of going any- bility and their privilege in helping to build a where except to church. They feel they want peace but they know of no strategy of action new world. The young people received a great whereby they can get peace. They want social justice but they know that the economic power is sense of fellowship and mission that are of great in the hands of a small group of people. They know that as long as these people have the power value. The young people went forth with a feelthere is little others can do. Consequently they have a sense of futility, spending their days won- ing that they were joining with others in builddering if they will be lucky enough to get jobs. ing a new world and that they did not need to go Because of these facts those who are close to the growing united Christian youth program, see alone because they had fellowship with Christ • These statements are, of course, not endorsed by the Editor of who has the power to make all things new. THE REVIEW. It Is only "denatured Christianity," Christianity The different agencies had not been working :~~hfo~af~~IS~hristm~~~o~e1i;:::':~~I~~R~lamed for failure. Those together but out of these conferences will un- doubtedly emerge a strategy of cooperation in the community which should result in significant prog- ress along many lines. Such cooperation will give young people a sense of mission and of a definite objective because of the fact that they are work- ing with young people from many other groups.

In one city they are planning f¥ large peace parade with a hundred thousand4"0ung people. One church or one denomination dpuld not go very far but all groups' working together can speak and act with' power.

In the past there has never been a distinct na- tion-wide Christian youth movement. There are at present hundreds of small movements of one sort or another, but none that is national in scope.

Now, in the new program, many observers feel that there is a movement which is destined to be- come dtor,uesl ya1N1tohert hCAhrml.setiraicnaynoiunt scope. Includ ing as 'I. t h agencies in b oth the United States and Canada, there is every rea- [333 ]

son to expect great results from it. Not only All over the world there is appalling misery and should the ten or twelve million young people in the churches become active in this united effort, suffering. War clouds hang low. The poor are getbut thousands who are not now in the fold should be won to Christ and His program. ting poorer and the insecurity of the dispossessed Already programs for camps and conferences more intense. Those who have jobs have them at are being shaped into the movement. Various denominations are planning national gatherings to the expense of those who have none. There is build their own programs in harmony with the vision they have glimpsed. The camp conferences fear, hatred, and gloom. But through the blackof the International Council of Religious Education are to be a real part of the movement. The ness and the mist, there is a reassuring ray of biennial convention of the International Society of Christian Endeavor, to be held in Philadelphia hope-Christian youth, working with their elders in July, will have a distinct relationship to this great plan. and with the youth of other faiths can build a new Late in 1935 or during 1936 an enlarged meet- world. It is on that hope that many are bettering of the Christian Youth Council will be held with 2,000 or 2,500 delegates, including key young ing their lives.* people who are holding positions of leadership in national or area groups, present to report prog- * The following material on the United Youth Movement has been ress and to make plans. prepared cooperatively and may be secured from the International Council of Religious Education, 203 North Wabash Avenue, Chicago, IlL: "Forward Together," a promotional leaflet giving information about the movement, (Single copies, one cent; 100 c'oples, 75 cents; .500 copies, $3.50; 1,000 copies, $6.50.) A poster for the above material may be secured for ten cents. "Our Share in Build- ing a New World," a printed pamphlet containing suggestions and resource materials for local groups (ten cents). "The Statement of Christian Conviction of the Christian Youth Council," including a worship service for use in connection with the Signing of this state- ment (single copy, five cents; five or more copies, three cents each; 300 or more, three cents each less twenty per cent discount). A speCial pamphlet entitled "After Conference~What?" was prepared for use as follow up to the conferences mentioned above. This will serve as a splendid guide to youth groups in taking a creative part in this movement. Copies of this can be secured from the Board of Religious Education of the Disciples Church, at three cents per copy.

THE MISSIONARY MESSAGE OF THE CROSS The word "cross" in the Scriptures never occurs in the plural. To Christ the cross meant one thing, and nothing less: His sacrifice of Himself to save others. That is what it must mean to every disciple-self-abnegation. To take up the cross and bear it after Christ is to undertake, like the Master, a life of self-erucifixion for the saving of others. It is to lose the self-life for His sake. It is to be willing to die, if need be, that others may live. When our Lord hung upon the cross His enemies tauntingly said: "He saved others: Himself He cannot save." No sneer ever hid a truth so sublime. In the Christian life, saving self and saving others are utterly incompatible; and the one great difficulty with the whole body of professed disciples is that most of them are trying to save themselves, and yet be saved. And so it comes to pass that thousands go to church, come to the Lord's Table, utter prayers and bear the name of Christ, yet live a life essentially worldly, and are engaged in no truly soul-saving work. They spend many times as much on self-indulgence as they give to feed the hungry, clothe the naked, . or give the Living Bread to dying souls.

Consider what would be the result if every professed child of God could burn with Paul's passion for souls, could know the continual heart burden for the unsaved, that made it possible for him even to wish himself accursed that they might be saved.

That was cross-bearing. The Apostle Paul died daily; he was "crucified with Christ," he bore branded in his body the marks of the Lord Jesus. Could ten thousand of the millions of professed believers burn with such a Christ-like passion for souls, for one year, the Gospel would be carried round the globe within that year. Arguments and appeals are vain while you argue and appeal to the spiritually dead. Before the church can "convert the world," the members of the Church must be converted. The real difficulty is not in unsanctified purses, or unsanctified cradles, but in sanctified hearts.

A light that does not shine, a spring that does not flow, a germ that does not grow, is not more a contradiction than a life in Christ which does not bear witness to Christ. If there be a spring within, there will flow a stream without. If there is no witness, is there any experience? "He that believeth on me," as the Scripture hath said, "out of his innermost being shall flow rivers of living water." He who has no passion to convert, needs conversion. The saved man is not content to have unsaved men go unwarned, or the -saving power of God to go un-, witnessed. It may well be doubted whether one who bears no part in testimony to Christ has any part in His salvation. Would that everyone might feel the full force of this paradox of missions: "Christ :alone can save this world, But Christ cannot save this world alone."

ARTHUR T. PIERSON.

Spiritual Condition of the

By REV. HENRY W. FROST, D.D., Princeton, N. J.

Home Director Emeritus of the China Inland Mission I F THE heathen-those who have never heard the facts, then indeed it would be worthwhile to the Gospel or received life through Christ- leave homeland, kin and kindred, ease, comfort, are not "lost," one would feel almost warranted physical and educational advantages, all that goes in openly disobeying the command of Christ and to make the home life alluring and profitable, for making no effort to carry the Gospel to them. For the sake of delivering souls from perdition and what use would it be simply to civilize them and bringing them to Christ and, at last, to an eternal give them our western culture? To be sure they and beatific Heaven. In such a case, we should need some things which go with our civilization, understand why Jesus said to go and asked us to such as teachers, schools and colleges, and, par- sacrifice our all. And in such an event, we should ticularly, doctors, nurses and· hospitals. But it not think Him ruthless, but, on the contrary, very would cost too much to give them these at the compassionate, not only to the heathen, but also, sacrifice of separation from loved ones, living in to ourselves, in spite of our heavy loss. And in far-away lands, consorting with such a happening, there would alien and uncouth peoples, en- be those who would desire to go during deep and long drawn- One of the greatest points abroad instead of staying at out loneliness, exposing the of disagreement between those home and would consider it a body to serious climatic dis- . who are and are not vitally high privilege, honor and joy to eases, facing possible attacks interested in evangelizing the obey the commandment of by lawless mobs, and finally, it world with the Gospel of Christ to preach the Gospel to may be, passing through sud- Christ is the question as to every creature. Yes, it would den and terrible death. Life is whether or not all non-Chris- make all the difference in the too precious to trifle with it and tians are Ulost" and in danger world if we knew that the to throw it away by spending Gofode. terMnaalnysewpahroattiaokne fsriodems heathen are really lost. on this question have never its strength in the pursuit of really studied it. Dr. Frost Missionaries of old felt this secondary objectives. It re- to be the case; and they went. quires a strong inducement to presents the view of the This was true of Judson, Carey, warrant our giving up home- ~~Word of God" – the only Livingstone, Morrison, Burns land advantages when the alter- final authority. and Taylor. It has been true of nate is to be, not gain, but large a countless number of others and perpetual loss. For this who have followed in their reason we should be tempted to say, in spite of the train. And it was true of that greatest of all misarrant disloyalty of it, Let us disobey Christ and sionaries, Paul, who became all things to all men stay at home, unless the heathen need the Gospel that he might save some. for the saving of their souls. In such a case, we Now it must be conceded that God is the only should come to. the conclusion that the Master had One, in heaven above or on earth beneath, who dealt ruthlessly with us when He commanded us really knows whether or not the heathen are lost. to go to peoples, not lost but having sufficiently For it is only His eye that sees the true condition good religions of their own to save them. of souls and their eternal state and destiny. This Suppose, however, the heathen are lost; what implies that there is not a man living, however educated, intelligent and spiritual, who, of himthen? Suppose their religions are false, their idol self, has the slightest conception of the heathens' worship is vain, their long pilgrimages are wasted spiritual condition. So far as the natural man is time, their sacrifices are destructive of everything concerned, therefore, the subject is beyond undergood; what then? Suppose they are worshiping .standing and had best be left unconsidered. But, not God, but demons, and suppose, when they in spite of this conclusion, a question may be pass through the portal of death, they go out into an unillumined darkness and into an eternal sep- asked: Has the All-knowing One made any revaration from God and Christ and all that is pure elation to man concerning the spiritual condition and beautiful and holy; what then? If these are of the heathen? If He has not, we must remain [335 ]

in ignorance. If He has, we may rightfully seek and that it was only the man who heard and re- to know what is revealed. This then, is our pres· ceivedit who would be saved.

ent attitude of mind. Feeling that we must know, Christ, when He spoke from heaven and comif possible, the truth of God concerning the missioned Paul to be a missionary to the Gentiles heathen, in order that we may understand what to lifted the veil which hung over the heathen and do in reference to the command of Jesus to preach discovered to the apostle and thus to us their spirthe Gospel to them, we turn to the Scriptures to itual state. He spoke as follows: "To open their discover what their testimony is. eyes, and to turn them from darkness to light, and The question of the spiritual condition of the from the power of Satan unto God, that they may heathen is discussed even in the Old Testament. receive forgiveness of sins" (Acts 26: 17, 18).

David said, "The wicked shall be turned into hell, Here then, is the revelation of the All-seeing One.

and all the nations that forget God" (Ps. 9: 17) ; He affirmed that the heathen are spiritually blind and again, "Confounded be all they that serve and do not see; 'that they walk in darkness and graven images, that boast themselves of idols" need the light; that they are in the possession (Ps. 97: 7). Isaiah wrote, "The idols he shall and under the dominion of Satan and require to utterly abolish" (Isa. 2: 18-21). Joel declared, be delivered from him and brought to God; and "Let the heathen be wakened and come up to the that their sins are so many and great as to call for valley of Jehoshaphat; for there will I sit to judge a divine forgiveness.

the heathen round about . . . for their wicked· Paul is profuse in his statements concerning the ness is great" (Joel 3: 11-13). Micah affirmed, heathen. The following are some of his declara- "I will execute vengeance in anger and fury upon tions: '

the heathen" (Mic. 5: 15). "Wherefore, as by one man sin entered into the New Testament Declarations world, and death by sin; and so death passed upon all men, for that all have sinned" (Rom. When we come to the New Testament we find 5: 12). In the light of this verse, we cannot say that it is replete with statements in reference to that the heathen will be lost if they do not hear the heathen and their spiritual condition. We the Gospel and be saved. The proper statement is would review some of these declarations, as that they are lost and will remain in this condifollows: tion if they do not hear the Gospel and are saved.

If we should be asked what verse in the New The spiritual "death," spoken of is the state of Testament most reveals the love and grace of God . being lost and that death, because of man's trans- we should probably reply in these words, "God so gression and universal sin, has fallen upon all.

loved the world that he gave his only begotten In other words, all men, including the heathen, Son, that whosoever believeth in him should not are born in a state of spiritual death and need the perish, but have everlasting life" (John 3: 16). redemption of Christ. The only question is, Will But there are things about this verse of compas- they come to know Christ and be delivered from sion and mercy which we do not usually recognize. their lost condition? .

They are these: It says that God loved "the "For the wrath of God is revealed from heaven world"; then we must conclude that all the world against all ungodliness and unrighteousness of had need of that love and the gift that followed. men, who hold the truth in unrighteousness. . . .

Also, it says that God gave His Son to the world For the invisible things of him from the creation that it might "not perish"; then it follows that of the world are clearly seen, being understood by the world was perishing and that the only way in the things that are made, even his eternal power which it could be kept from perishing ultimately and Godhead; so that they are without excuse"

and utterly was by believing on the Son whom (Rom. 1: 18, 20). There is much talk about the God has given. In other words the verse declares "innocent heathen." But they are not found in that the reason why God manifested His love and experience and the Scripture never describes them grace was because the whole wide world was lost. as such. God, in the last words of our passage, Jesus put at the very heart of the Great Com- definitely and positively affirms that the heathen mission-according to Mark's Gospel-these sol- are "without excuse," He being revealed in the emn and startling words: "He that believeth and physical world by which they are surrounded..

is baptized shall be saved; but he that disbelieveth "For as many as have sinned without law shall shall be condemned" (Mark 16: 16 R. V.). The also perish without law" (Rom. 2: 12). The Master here implied that the preaching of the "law" here spoken of is the Mosaic law. The Gospel. was a matter of life and death; that the verse says then, As many as have sinned apart man who did not believe it would remain in his from the Mosaic law shall also perish apart from lost condition and would be divinely condemned, the Mosaic law. This refers to the heathen, and

THE SPIRITUAL CONDITION OF THE HEATHEN

the reason of it is, first, though the heathen have alienated from the life of God through the igno- not the Mosaic law, they have the law of con- rance that is in them, because of the blindness of science; and second, no man can be saved by law, their heart" (Eph. 4: 17, 18). There is infinite whether it be that of Moses or conscience, for no distance. between God's thoughts and man's as one can keep the one law or the other (Rom. 2: 11- touching the heathen. We count their ignorance 16). It is thus that God adds, not shall be judged of the way of righteousness an entire and valid without law, but "shall also perish without law." excuse for their not walking in that Way. Igno- "But I say, that the things which the Gentiles rance in some cases is excuse. But this is not the sacrifice, they sacrifice to demons and not to God" case with the heathen. For their ignorance is the (1 Cor. 10: 20 R. V.). Let us observe from our direct result of a wilful blindness of heart. God verse, that the One who sees and knows does not does not hold them responsible for not knowing look with complacency upon the sacrifices of the the Gospel. That is the responsibility of the heathen, however earnest and self-denying these Church, and a heavy one it is. What they are remay be. He declares, in effect, that all heathen sponsible for is this, for not seeking to obey the religions are nothing else than demonology. This One who has revealed Himself in sun, moon and is a serious charge, coming from such an One stars, flowers, fruits and waving fields of grain, the rain that falls and the wind that blows, all of as God. "And you hath he quickened, who were dead in which are so many sights and sounds of the livtrespasses and sins. Wherein in time past ye ing and true God. Their ignorance, therefore, is walked according to the course of this world, ac- self-imposed and it results from the blindness, not cording to the prince of the power of the air, the of their eyes, but of their hearts. It is for this spirit that now worketh in the children of dis- that God will judge them. And as it has meant an obedience: That at that time ye were without alienation from God in this life, so it will mean Christ, being aliens from the commonwealth of an alienation in the other.

Israel, and strangers from the covenants of prom- John, the seer, is given a vision of the last ise, having no hope, and without God in the world" things and is permitted to give us to see what he (Eph. 2: 1, 2, 12). Paul had a first-hand knowl- saw, including the last of the last things, namely, edge of the heathen, having been brought up in the final judgment of God. As we look at this rev- their midst. He knew, not only the worst of them, elation, we shrink back appalled, for the view is but also the best of them, having been highly edu- other than we should like and is shocking to every cated and having been associated with those of fiber of our being. And yet, if we believe in God's scholarly minds and cultured lives. Also, he had Word and love truth more than ourselves, we shall in mind, in writing to the Ephesians, the refine- look again and believe what we see through the ment and high-plane living of many of the heathen words which we read. And as we read, we shall who dwelt at Ephesus. And yet, he implies as to remember that it was the beloved apostle who all of the heathen of that city and thus of all the wrote the words, the man of God who loved and heathen everywhere, that, they walk "according to pitied as no other man did. His words are these: the course of this world," and "according to the "The fearful, and unbelieving, and the abominable, prince of the power of the air," namely, the devil; and murderers, and whoremongers, and sorcerers, that they are "without Christ," are "aliens from and idolaters, and all liars, shall have their part the commonwealth of Israel," are "strangers from in the lake which burneth with fire and brimstone: the covenants of promise," and are "without hope" which is the second death" (Rev. 21: 8). And and "without God in the world." mark it, the items of sin mentioned describe th'e If these words do not describe the lost state of heathen 'almost more than any other class of huthe heathen, including the best of them, we know man beings, for preeminently it is true of them now what words would. Take, for instance, these that they are "abominable, murderers, whoretwo words, "without hope." We hear much in mongers, sorcerers, idolaters and liars."

these days, especially as related to the heathen, So then, we conclude that the All-knowing One about the "larger hope." But God did not coin has granted to us a revelation and has given us to that phrase. His statement is "No hope," which, see what He sees, namely, a perishing world.

according to the word "no," must refer both to With this sight before us, it is easy to understand this present world and the next. So then the why Jesus, who loved us, said "Go"! He is not heathen at large, in spite of their religions, phi- willing that any should perish, and, as God sacri- losophies, altruisms and negations of self, are in ficed Him, He is constrained to sacrifice us, if a hopeless state. This, as God sees things, is be- only the lost may be saved. All that remains, ing utterly lost. therefore, is for us to decide which we love the "As other Gentiles walk, in the vanity of their better, ourselves and our ease, or Christ and the mind, having the understanding darkened, being souls of men.

A. A. Hyde-A Good Steward*

.r-. A T THE ripe age of eighty-six, and less than a Promoters and even friends with schemes for week after teaching his Bible Class and de- profitable investment found Mr. Hyde too busy to livering a message to the staff of his Men- be interviewed, but he always had time to hear the thalatum Company, A. A. Hyde, of Wichita, Kan- appeal in behalf of the most humble Christian sas, U. S. A., passed quietly into the Higher Life, enterprise. He did not give without investigation on January 10, 1935. He was a truly consistent and sound judgment, but he did give without stint Christian business man to whom Christ's in- or condition and he helped to put dozens of worthy j unction to "seek first the Kingdom of God" was causes on their feet. His advice made them stand the central motive of life. Two principles were up and walk. These benefactions he considered his daily concern – the very core of his being: his real investments. They circled the globe and are pushing the frontiers of the Kingdom into the neglected areas of mankind.

But Mr. Hyde did not end his missionary re- sponsibilities by gifts of money and counsel to distant projects. He practiced the Kingdom brotherhood in his home, his church, and his com- munity. His employees were fellowmen and women. His Negro chauffeur was his personal friend and companion. His "servants" were peo- ple-members of the household. His brotherhood did not discriminate against either race, or cast, or nationality. His guests were made members of the family. On Sundays it was the regular thing for young men to be brought home, after church, for a most informal luncheon-in the pantry, on the good solid food stored up on Saturdays in the refrigerators by the cook-who would be off duty for Sunday.

One became acquainted with Mr. Hyde in thirty minutes and could not spend that much time with him without knowing that he was a practicing Christian-vitally interested in the Kingdom of God. Yet there was nothing about his unceasing zeal that bored or alienated others; quite the con- trary. A citizen of his city declared that, although out of sympathy with the Church, he looked up to A. A. Hyde as his ideal of both manhood and religion.

THE LATE A. A. HYDE. OF WICHITA. KANSAS On his seventy-seventh birthday the City of Wichita officially celebrated with a banquet at- first, the putting first of all the Kingdom of God, tended by 1,100 people-many coming from dis- and second, regarding all he possessed-material, tant parts of the United States-with a program physical, and spiritual-as a trust from God, to be and souvenir book which took half a year in prep- administered as a steward rather than as owner. aration by a great committee of the leading citi- Andrew Carnegie's theory that it is "a disgrace zens from all walks of life. Because he sought to die rich" was Mr. Hyde's practice. He began no glory for himself; because he gave everything his business career by pledging one-tenth of his -to such extent that his own family almost was receipts to the building of the Kingdom of God, brought to the point of disrepair; because he but during the past quarter-century when his suc- practiced with unprecedented faithfulness and cess increased, he gave nine-tenths, and finally zeal the principle of Christian stewardshipeverything beyond frugal living expenses. there was not a person in his community who would grudge him the title of First Citizen of * Revised from The Omi Mustard-Seed, Japan. Wichita.

[ 338]

the Gospel to the Dyaks*

By C. DAVID CLENCH, Borneo Missionary of the Christian and Missionary Alliance T HE rivers of Borneo are wide, and of a dirty, in the morning one cannot see any river bed at yellowish gray color. On the mud banks we all, only a great wide sheet of rushing water filling see here and there a crocodile sleeping in the the gorge completely. For this reason boats are sunshine. Hearing us, he jumps and disappears always pulled to the top of the gorge.

in the water. Then we are attracted by a sudden After a long journey we reach the Dyak coun- shaking among the trees and see a monkey spring try, in the center of Borneo, high up in the hills.

from one branch to another. Then suddenly we see a host of them-a whole crowd of monkeys chattering in the woods.

Just ahead is a bend in the river. These bends become so monotonous at times that we wish we would never see another. On both sides of the stream, is the forest as far as eye can see, but no birds and blossoms with gorgeous coloring in Borneo. This flat monotony of land influences the Dyak. If there were more variety, more contrast, more beauty, the people also might benefit by it.

The Dyak is an animist. His gods are in the trees. Rather, they are not gods but devils, for the Dyak's religion is one of fear. A bird conveys a message. The Dyak seems to be one with the nature in which he lives. He considers it a bad omen when a whirlpool swings his canoe around.

He stops, pulls out a match, and burns bark as an offering to appease the evil spirits, before he can proceed. These are taboos and customs which he dare not ignore. In short, the Dyak has a reli- gion, but it is a religion of fear.

As we proceed up the river, we find many rap- ids to push through. The current is swift, and the boatmen have to hug the banks to make any progress. Seizing the branches of the trees, they pull themselves forward with all their great strength. Some Dyaks have developed a very striking physique, wide of shoulder and deep of A TYPICAL DY.AJK OF THE MOEROET TRIBE chest, wonderful specimens of muscular perfec- tion. The Dyaks are difficult to reach. As we approach, After the rapids, the stream becomes smaller we look here and there for dwelling places or and smaller. There is probably not a river in "long-houses," which are great long greenhouses Borneo over 500 miles long, but all are very swift built on poles and make up the Dyak village. They and rise rapidly. Borneo is like a cake, high in are made of bamboo and thatch.

the middle and low at the edges, a natural water- We draw our canoes up to the bank and look for shed. When a rainstorm comes, the water rushes a log that has been thrust down the bank and sedown from these mountains into the gorges. In curely fastened. In this log steps are cut in such a single night the streams rise fifty feet. In the a way as to make a natural ladder. If the water evening one may look down a steep bank and see is high, it is not necessary to use these steps. If a tiny little stream far below. A rain comes, and the water is low, the bank is slippery, and if that • Condensed from The Alliance Weekly. stairway were not there, we would have a hard [339 ]

time climbing up the bank. We tie our canoes to say, "Sir, we should like to invite you into our this log and gingerly step out on it. If we are not long-house as a brother, a friend. In order to do careful, it will turn over, and over we shall go. this, we have a custom, a rite which we wish to We climb to the top of the bank and mayor may perform. We agree, and the chief orders some of not have a reception. his men to get a chicken and cut its neck. They then take the blood of the chicken and bring it The Dyaks may not know there is a white man before us. The old chief may dip his hand or a within a thousand miles. In that case, when we piece of wood, in the blood, and put that blood on appear, the children see us first and immediately our forehead, our hand, and our foot. They bring dash for the log that leads into the long-house. some water and the old chief takes a branch, dips In a mad scramble they rush up the steps and it in the water, and sprinkles us with it. After disappear. The Dyak dogs see us and begin to performing some other rites, he says, "Now you howl. They are small, mangy-looking dogs. As are no longer a stranger, an alien; you are just we draw near the long-house, we wonder if any- like a Dyak. We"believe in you. We trust you. body is around. We see wooden images cut from You can sleep here. You oan have fellowship with wooden logs, and set upright, a grotesque image us. Your skin may be a little whiter, but you are of a man, or a bird, or a beast. The Dyaks cannot one of us, a Dyak." live at peace unless they set up these images. Finally we reach the stairway that leads to the long- We thank him for his wonderful hospitality and house and do not know whether to enter or not. for the honor they have done us. We then begin to tell them how they may have fellowship with TWO CHRISTIAN DYAK BIBLE SCHOOL STUDENTS the great God of heaven. We tell them about the Blood of Christ which speaketh better things, and Sometimes it is very foolish to go in unless we about the water of cleansing. As we preach Jesus are invited. Eyes peer out at us through the walls, and Him crucified, as we tell how Christ's Blood the dark eyes of the children and women. Per- can be applied to them, their own custom makes haps the chief comes to the door and invites us it easier for them to oomprehend. to enter. There is usually a railing on each side of these log step-ladders. The door is low, and Some modern critics may think the Blood too we have to bend down to enter. Most of the long- deep a subject to present to the Dyak, but with houses are very gloomy, and if light is wanted, a the Spirit's help, there is no one who cannot unportion of the roof is raised. derstand. There is nothing we present to the Dyaks they so readily understand as Jesus Christ, A partition extends down the center of the God's Son, giving His life, pouring out His Blood whole length of the long-house. The families live for them. When we tell them that Blood can be on one side, which is further partitioned off. Here applied to them, that they can become God's chilthey sleep, cook, and eat. The other side is left dren, no longer aliens, no longer afar off, no longer open, and here they do all their talking. The floor strangers, but through the Blood brought nigh by is made of bamboo splints, not interlaced, but laid Jesus Christ, the truth lifts their pall of darkacross the poles or beams. Looking down one can ness and breaks their chains of false superstition. see the chickens, dogs, cats, and pigs on the ground It takes away heaviness from their hearts and below. The Dyaks keep their chickens in wicker they receive the light and respond to the love of cages. As we walk across the floor, the whole God revealed in Jesus Christ. building trembles; and if the building is old, it even shakes if a little dog runs across it. Then we begin to question them and sing little hymns in the Malay language. The chief brings a mat to the center of the hall and invites us to sit down. Then the chief may What can wash away my sins? Nothing but the blood of Jesus.

As we sing, we tell the story and as we pray, the Spirit of God works. As we lift up Jesus to the Dyaks, they, too, are made a "habitation of God through the Spirit."

One of our Dyak students became estranged from the rest of his people through his discon- tinuing the observance of Dyak superstitions and religious practices. Then he came and heard the Gospel, going back later among his people to tell them the glad news that Jesus saves. That Dyak boy and I are not aliens. We both speak the same language. Many, many times we have knelt and prayed together.

Younger Men's Missionary

By the REV. MILLS J. TAYLOR, D.D., Philadelphia, Pa.

Associate Secretary of the Board of Foreign Missions, United Presbyterian Church N EARLY a thousand persons, of whom ap- "World peace and the avoidance of war are secured only proximately two-thirds were laymen, reg- by the spread of vital Christian religion as it should be istered as delegates for the four-day lived in each country and practiced in international trade sessions of this Congress in the Stevens Hotel, and intercourse. The perilous problems of our time pres- Chicago, May 2-5. They came from twenty-seven ent a new sense of the urgency which makes delay in adstates and ten or twelve foreign countries. Among vancing the Christian movement perilous." the men were 299 Protestant ministers and· one Jewish rabbi. Sixty-four women were regularly "The weakness in our present system is not the validity registered and "listened in" from the gallery. of our motives but ignorance of the facts." Twenty-six foreign missionaries took part in the program and thirty-six Foreign Mission Boards "The fundamental difficulty of the present time is the cooperated in the Congress. sense of dire need in the homeland. But the abandonment of help to churches in mission lands would destroy the The place of meeting is about the last word in internationalism of Christianity." accommodation for such a gathering-comfortable and convenient, with commodious rooms for "The Congress finds that the pulpit is the largest single group, committee and mass meetings. In spite of hope of an aroused church. There should be more and the special rates offered by the hotel, many dele- better preaching of missions." gates were under the necessity of seeking accommodations elsewhere at lower rates. "Missions committees should be established in local churches." "JESUS CHRIST AND THE WORLD TODAY" was the Congress theme. Like a shining thread it "Schools of Missions should be encouraged." ran through the program, an ever present thought "Accent needs to be laid on the missionary education of in all meetings and addresses. The song services, men. The Congress commends the plan of men's organizaskillfully conducted, and the Scripture readings tions for missions." and devotional talks, impressively led, kept the Congress in a reverent and worshipful attitude, One of the most interesting moments was when ready to hear what the Spirit might say through a pastor, the Rev. George A. Brown of Elyria, any speaker. Ohio, told the Congress of a "Men's Missionary League" that is growing in popularity and power The conference nature of the Congress had been in his congregation. thoroughly planned by arranging for twenty groups to meet simultaneously in four unhurried At one point during the Congress the executive sessions under the general supervision of Dr. committee of the Laymen's Missionary Movement Cleland B. McAfee, Secretary of the Board of invited the secretaries of the Mission Boards and Foreign Missions of the Presbyterian Church. others to meet for unhurried counsel about the Each group was presided over by a young lay- weakness and strength of this organization and man who, as a rule, had associated with him rt its plans and prospects for the future. This was missionary, a young pastor and a board secretary. a heart-to-heart conference when difficulties were In some instances the presence of a Christian na- frankly faced. The immediate result was that the tional from some mission field added interest and laymen were again assured of the desire of the strength. One of these groups was fortunate in secretaries to have the movement remain a layhaving Dr. C. J. Lin, President of Fukien Uni- men's affair, managed and financed by them, facversity, Foochow, China. Each group appointed a ing living issues with Jesus Christ in the world committee to prepare findings which were sent to today and with the promise that, in the future as a general committee to be studied and prepared in the past, the Mission Boards would offer counfor final approval by the Congress. sel and assist the laymen to secure effective speakers. Certain sentences stand out here and there in these findings: One result of the Congress was that the Lay- men's Missionary Movement was encouraged to seek a sounder basis financially by enrolling thou- sands of laymen for a small fee and in other ways to raise a fund to articulate its program. The Movement's executive committee has the author- ity to prepare a program and to build a suitable organization for carrying it out, but the Mission [341 ]

Boards will not be solicited nor expected to assist sia, India, Africa. The closing address by Dr. in financing the Movement. Its work is "to enlist Robert E. Speer stated graphically what the the interest of men in Christian missions and to Christian missionary enterprise has been and still encourage them to discharge that responsibility is, and challenged the coming generation, into through the missionary boards with which their whose hands "the torch" is being placed, to accept church membership identifies them." the challenge and hold up the Cross of Christ.

As to the program of the Congress, one hesi- Appropriate responses to this challenge were tates to mention particular addresses among the made by an American Student Volunteer and a many that were informing and inspiring. Plans young Christian national from India, among are under way to publish some of them in this whose closing words, and almost the last words magazine. Having been present throughout the of the Congress, were these, ". . . men and National Men's Missionary Congress, held in Chi- women will catch the torch from those splendid cago in 1910, I can say that in missionary pas- Christian personalities who have so remarkably sion, world vision, loyalty to Jesus Christ, scholar- demonstrated the power of Jesus Christ. The ship and experience the messages at Chicago this youth of India are very much impressed by this year lacked nothing that was heard in the Con- devotion and intend to carryon. It is with this gress twenty-five years ago. There was lacking thought that the meaning of Christ becomes persomething of the size and therefore impact upon sonal to me. As one of those who have been loved, the church which the former National Congress led and lifted by the Spirit of Christ and who gained by being the climax to a series of great have given themselves to the great program of state conventions. reconstruction in India, I feel that it is my privi- lege and obligation to walk the Indian road with The opening address was delivered by Dr. Sher- Christ and my fellow workers. I am convinced wood Eddy. Other speakers were Bishop George that the power of Jesus will make us able to bear Craig Stewart, John A. Mackay, Roy A. Burkhart, the responsibilities we must face. In India, as J. Warren Hastings, Ralph C. Hutchison, Fred- everywhere on this bewildered planet, it is Christ erick A. Agar, missionaries from at home and or chaos." a;broad, nationals from China, Japan, Korea, Per- Findings of the Younger Men's Missionary Congress Based on the Reports of the Group Conferences, Dr. Cleland B. McAfee, Chairman Motives for the Missionary Enterprise which disrupts the human family is the restored family of God with right relations among all its T HE Congress sees no weakening of the five members, God seen as its Father and all men as fundamental motives which have become his- brethren in Christ. toric : the commission of Christ; the need of the world for all that Christ brings; the nature (c) Both the historic motives and those peof the Christian faith in its universal truth and its culiar to our time involve a new sense of urgency value for all men; the need of the home church which makes delay in advancing the Christian to fulfil its life in the widest expression of its movement perilous and unchristian. The fullness spirit; and the work already done and now in of life which Christ brings is needed at once. progress in all lands. (d) The weakness in the present situation is (a) These motives must be supplemented for not so much refusal of the validity of these moour own day by the need for Christ as the only tives in the hearts of Christian believers as gensolution to all world problems. World peace and eral ignorance of the facts and needs of missions. the avoidance of war are secured only by the The need is not for more motives but for more spread of a vital religion lived in daily life and in understanding of the world and the power of international relations. International Christian- Christ in caring for its needs. Weare more or ity is an essential part of the program of the less "side-stepping" the real issue when we dis- Church. The impulse to supply an adequate re- cuss motives, whereas the real problem is to get ligion to all people is a natural Christian response the facts of missions known to the people of the to the inner urge of faith in Christ. Church. – (b) These historic motives need constant re- Objections to Mission Work interpretation, always adjusted to the conditions of the world and yet always held in right relation The Congress learns of few new objections to to Christ as the moving force of the Christian missions at home or abroad. They continue to be faith. The only cure for the sin of the world such objections as recurring nationalism, pro- vincialism, sectarianism, and common selfishness.

FINDINGS OF THE YOUNGER MEN'S MISSIONARY CONGRESS

In some quarters there are fears regarding exist- only temporarily to foreign agencies and to pass ing missionary operations either on the field or in the home lands, but these are not against the work in direction and control as rapidly as possible into of missions as a whole. hands of the people of the lands where the work The fundamental difficulty of the present time is the sense of dire need in the home lands, is done. The Congress would express its hearty whether it would not be well to direct attention to the cure of evils which make America so often an fellowship with the brethren of these churches as argument against the principles of Christ, as in race prejudice, exploitation of the weak, selfish full partners with the sending churches in the one attitudes toward other groups in the same nation, etc. The laymen of America can make a great cause of Christ. . contribution to world missions by laboring with greater zeal for a really Christian social order Missions in the Home Churches here. At the same time there seems to the Congress no effective way of distinguishing between The Congress finds that the pulpit is the largest the local ministry of the Gospel of Christ and its single hope of an aroused Church. There should world-wide service. The argument for· world- be more and better missionary preaching throughwide work increases rather than lessens the de- out the Church. However, the pastor is powerless mand for more effective service in the home lands. unless he has at least a nucleus of laymen who The need of the world is not less because the need will take the work seriously and devote to it the of the West presses so heavily on the churches of time required for the spread of effective inforthe West. mation. The training of the Church needs to be- gin with its youth and the Congress renews the The growing strength of the churches in mis- appeal for larger and more effective use of mission lands should not prevent continued concern sions in the Sunday schools and Young People's for their development. They are still far from Societies of the churches. A special missions comadequate to carry the whole burden of evangel- mittee in the local church is urged, formed from izing their own lands while strong Western various groups in the church which will advance churches are able to aid them. Abandonment of the interest of missions in all bodies of the church them at this stage would tend to destroy the inter- life. Accent needs now to be laid on the education nationalism of the Christian Church which is so of men regarding missionary work, for the deepmuch to be desired. ening of their sense of obligation. It is urged that there be a large development of the specific object The Congress realizes the effort so widely made plan of support of missionaries and the Boards to interpret the faith of Christ in undenomina- are reminded that the Church looks to them for tional terms in its presentation to new groups but the statesmanship need for the hour. Local official it feels that one of the weaknesses of the present boards are not agencies for the local work alone situation is the tendency to reproduce on mission but are responsible for making the Church what fields the distinctions and denominations which a Christian Church ought to be as a world factor. obtain in the West. Without passing on the wis- There is needed a clearer assurance of the coopdom of this in certain ways and at certain points eration of forces on the field as an inspiration to the Congress still feels that it should be given churches at home, so that their own programs can greatest consideration by those who are respon- be unified. For this reason the development of sible for future plans. group gatherings for the propagation of the mis~ sionary idea is much desired. Changes to Meet the Present Situation The attention of the home church should be di- The Congress makes few suggestions regarding rected to the enormous areas yet untouched by definite changes that may be possible or desirable. Christian missions as an encouragement to more It simply urges that every effort be made to keep active participation in the work. The existence the work fully sensitive to the current situations of men's organizations for missions is gladly in the world. This will involve a frank recogni- recognized and the Congress commends the plan tion of values now known to exist in present reli- to thoughtful consideration. Schools of Missions gions and cultures, appreciation on the part of should be encouraged. Missionary education missionaries, together with most careful prep- should be made a regular feature of every church aration and selection of missionaries. It involves program and sustained by the men as well as by recognition of needs newly sensed in all lands, the women and young people. The Congress such as that among rural populations and the earnestly desires the unifying of interdenominaelimination Of leprosy. It involves also the treat- tional missions in local churches. It calls for a ment of the work as one enterprise committed more effective offering of Jesus Christ to the young people in terms which show His right to their loyalty and devotion and His winsomeness for their lives. It desires the extension of the present growing movement for week-day religious

instruction during public school hours so that the ship with them in the work which we feel they young people may be informed and instructed in are doing not alone for Christ and for those who missions and in the total Christian program. know him but little, but for us as well. We look upon them as our representatives in a work which The Congress instructs the Executive Commit- is committed to us as well as to them. We have tee of the Laymen's Missionary Movement to issue confidence in them and bid them Godspeed in the and send to the missionaries in foreign lands and work which is both ours and theirs. in America its assurance of affectionate fellow- What Jesus Can Mean to India An Address Delivered at the Younger Men's Missionary Congress, Chicago By KONIGAPOGU JOSEPH DEVADANAM, H yderabad, Deccan O NE of my first memorable experiences after vast improvements in the very conditions we have coming to America taught me something been describing. I have seen these people with- significant about missions. I was walking out any thought of personal reward or advancetoward the university campus one morning when ment bring security to the economically disenfrana small boy ran up to me, looked at my dark com- chised, bring enlightenment to thousands who plexion with a thunderstruck expression, and were groping in the darkness of ignorance, give shouted, "Do you know what my mother told me?" adequate prevention and cure for the diseases which ravaged the cities and villages, give val- "What did she tell you?" I answered. uable help in understanding the faiths and tradi- "She told me not to drink black coffee!" Once tions of others in the light of a Christian view of again he looked at me as if he had made an im- life, and bring courage, hope and high resolve to portant discovery. "I'll bet you drank some!" the lives of many people. I have also seen Chris- Ever since that warning I have been using a tian ethics penetrating into the national life, as great deal of cream in my coffee, with no results illustrated by Gandhi's program of nonviolence. whatsoever! But that small boy set me to think- But most significant of all, I have seen a revoluing. I wonder whether most of us are any less tionary change not only in the attitude toward naIve in our thinking about international ques- castes but in the Hindu system itself. For intions than was that small boy in his knowledge of stance, no sooner is an individual baptized into other races. But I am more particularly inter- the Christian faith, whether he be of a high or ested just now in whether we Christians, either in low caste, than he becomes casteless. This innothe Orient or in the Occident, really understand vation reached such startling proportions that it what Jesus Christ means to our human brothers gave impetus to corollary movements such as the on the other side of the globe. Brahmo Samaj and the Arya Samaj, branches of You may understand more fully than I the Hinduism which are built upon the social teachphilosophical and psychological differences in the ings of Jesus. religious and racial traditions of mankind; but I may at least present the viewpoint of a Chris- Furthermore, this Christian principle of detian from India as to what the religion of Christ mocracy has become so significant in the life of can mean to the bewildered India of today. India that it has far outreached the expectations India is bewildered because of its poverty, its of the relatively few adherents of the Christian illiteracy, its disease problem, its religious con- Church, as in work in behalf of the untouchables fusion, its nationalistic aspirations, and above all, which has shaken the foundations of Indian because of its pernicious caste system and the in- society and resulted in a nation-wide movement. humane effects of that system. Even though I paint a dark picture it is not nearly so dark as it Observing the changes which Christianity has was before Christ started to walk the Indian Road. brought, I understand the meaning of Christ in In my own lifetime I have seen people, both na- a still more personal and intimate way. I have tionals and missionaries, who personified Christ seen Him in my missionary mother, Miss Alice A. in their own lives, and who thereby brought about Evans. I have seen Him as a loving Christ as she walked through the compound of the school and

WHAT JESUS CAN MEAN TO INDIA

spoke to the little ones kindly as they played in by the spirit of the Christ may eventually feed the sand, dirty of hand and face. Moved with the one hundred million people of India who go compassion she took them in her arms and kissed to bed every night having eaten only one meal that the little ones as a mother would do it. Every day. It may save twenty millions who would have morning and evening as we sat on the floor she perished in twenty years by bubonic plague, fifsat with us and told us the beautiful stories from teen million who would have died of malaria, and the New Testament and taught us the Ten Com- the eighteen million who would have died of inmandments and the Lord's Prayer. She always fluenza in one year. The world picture of the concluded this prayer with, "God is our Father, missionary enterprise indicates that there are Jesus Christ is our elder brother and we are 25,000 missionaries shepherding over 8,000,000 brothers and sisters in Him." converts of the Protestant churches; 4,000,000 people are given medical aid, and 2,000,000 boys At that time I did not understand what she and girls are given educational opportunities in meant but now I see the significance of that prayer mission boarding schools. for this socially distorted and internationally bickering world. The reconstruction so urgently needed in India can be brought about only by men and women who Once I was desperately ill and unconscious for seven days. When I came to myself I found that will catch the torch from those splendid Christian I was in a mission hospital being attended by a personalities who have so remarkably demonmissionary nurse. A missionary doctor diagnosed strated the power of Jesus Christ. my case, prescribed medicine and knelt at my bedside in prayer. I began asking myself, "What The youth of India are much impressed by this makes these people so kind?" I came to believe devotion and we intend to carryon the work that then, and now I believe more than ever that it has been started. It is with this thought that the was Christlike love which motivated their service meaning of Christ becomes very personal to me. and sacrifice. Speaking as one of those who have been loved, led and lifted by Christ and who have dedicated them- My experience can be duplicated by thousands selves to the great future program of Christian who have felt the tangible results of Christian reconstruction in India, I feel that it is my privifaith and life as they have become real and active lege and obligation to walk the Indian Road with in the humble lives of men and women all around Christ and my fellow workers. I am convinced the world. Jesus said, "Inasmuch as you have fed that the power of Christ will make us able to bear the hungry, clothed the naked, visited those who the responsibilities we must face. In India, as are socially ostracized, and have healed the sick well as everywhere on this bewildered planet, it you have done it unto Me." Village reconstruc- is Christ or Chaos. tion and the social uplifting program inaugurated By Gourtesy 0/ UMissions/' Amer'l-can liltpt'tst jf'ore't-!Jn M-illsion Society A BAPTISM,AL SERVICE IN BURMA The baptismal service at Inyekyun, Burma, after a great ingathering among the Pwo Karen tribes. Under the canopy in the center 353 were baptized on February 5, 1933. Last year (1934) 284 more were baptized acrO'ss the river, and during a tour of 24 villages 616 others were baptized.

Rev. C. L. Conrad, of the American Baptist Foreign Mission Society, reports: "Pentecostal history was again wr'itten among our Karens."

Twenty,-five Years of Missionary Progress*

-·. g.{11 By DR. J. H. OLDHAM, London, England 11.- I N THE summer of 1910 the World Missionary steadily increasing income. The events of the Conference met in Edinburgh. It was the post-war years have made clear the fact that a most representative missionary gathering ever return to the conditions prevailing before the war held up to that time. It was also a landmark in cannot be expected, and the great majority of the the history of Christian missions and indeed of missionary societies are having to plan their work the Christian Church as a whole, inasmuch as it afresh on the basis of a considerably reduced in- was not content to pass resolutions in regard to come.

what was desirable in the field of missionary ac- Notwithstanding the interruptions and difficul- tivity, but set up a permanent organization, with ties of the war and the post-war years the work a secretariat, to take practical action. of Christian missions has gone steadily forward, Thus it anticipated, in the sphere of inter- and there have been abundant grounds for encour- national missionary cooperation between the agement in the growth of the indigenous churches, churches, the similar action in the political field in the increase of missionary cooperation, in a taken later by the creation of the League of Na- deepening sense of fellowship, and a clearer light tions. The Edinburgh Conference gave an im- regarding missionary policy.

mense impulse to missionary cooperation every- A comparison of the figures in the World Mis- where, and there are today, in addition to the In- sionary Atlas published in 1925 with those gath- ternational Missionary Council, in the various mis- ered in 1907 indicates that in this period the num- sion fields and in the home countries from which ber of missionaries (not including wives) had in- missionaries are sent out, thirty-six national creased from over 12,000 to over 20,000, while the Christian councils or representative mISSIOnary number of communicants and of the total Chris- organizations, served by a staff of more than tian community had doubled, the former increas- thirty whole-time officers. ing from 1,800,000 to 3,600,000, and the latter The Edinburgh Missionary Conference ad- from over 4,000,000 to over 8,000,000.

dressed to the Christian Church throughout the The most conspicuous advances during the past world a message in which it referred to the mo- twenty-five years have been in South America and mentous character of the present hour, affirmed in Africa. In the latter continent the revolution- that the next ten years would in all probability ary changes in transport facUities have opened the constitute a turning point in human history, and whole continent to missionary work, while they urged that the missionary task demanded from have also brought new problems for the mission- every Christian a change in the existing scale of ary by opening the way to trade and industrial- missionary zeal and service. ism, and the resulting compliications, so that the Four years later the world was involved in the primitive African who had never seen even a World War. Missionary work was everywhere wheeled vehicle has been confronted by the aero- subject to restrictions and arrest, and the work plane, and men from the bush have been brought of the German missions in the territories of the to work in copper mines and to handle elaborate allied and associated powers, and in those which machinery. The central parts of Africa have been passed under mandate, was brought to a complete increasingly penetrated by missionary work, standstill. The provision made at the Edinburgh partly through the expansion of older societies, Conference for international cooperation made it and partly through the entry of new missions.

possible for the missions of other nationalities to The most important development has been the come to the aid of the Christian communities de- growth in numbers, in self-consciousness, and prived of their European teachers, and to mitigate in responsibility of the indigenous Christian the extent of the disaster, until in 1925 the doors churches. There has been an encouraging de- were opened for the return of German mission- velopment of native leadership, and the central aries to their old field$. task which awaits the missionary societies of the Up to the time of the War the missionary so- West today is how they may best use their limited cieties in all countries had been planning their resources to help provide the younger churches in work for the most part on the assumption that the the mission field with spiritual leaders for the needs of an expanding work would be met by a work of evangelization and for an effective Chris- • Condensed from The Life Of Faith, London. tian witness in their own lands.

[346 ]

the Mosquito

By KENNETH G. GRUBB, London, England World Dominion Movement T HOSE who glance at the map of Central teenth century to establish some kind of footing America might think it was an easy matter there. This they did by recognizing a kind of king to get from one coast to another at almost of the Miskito or Mosquito Indians as the paraevery point. In several of the republics such a mount governor of the region, and advising him journey can be made without any grave difficulty. through their consul. Nicaraguan Government But this is not the case in Nicaragua for there are was not effectively established on the coast and it really two Nicaraguas. There is the Nicaragua of was not difficult to maintain the system. Ultithe lake, the volcanoes and the chief cities with mately, however, it came into conflict both with the capital; and there is the Nicaragua of the justifiable national aspirations, and with the Mon- Atlantic coast known as the Mosquito Coast. Be- roe Doctrine, and was abandoned. There is no tween them lies a wild region of dense forest. In doubt that the British claim to the region was these days easy communication untenable, but their protection has been established between was appreciated by the Indians.

the two sides of the country by The author of this article Indeed, the Mosquitos h a v e aeroplane. But it was not al- has recently returned from an claimed that the last words of ways so. Few venture to make extensive tour of Central Queen Victoria were: "Edtheir way straight across the America. He was formerly a ward, never forget my Mosinterior by land and the usual missionary in South America quito Indians." way of communication has been and is unusually well into cross the great lake of Nic- formed on mission'ary prob- The Mosquito coast is for the iledmeasls. anHde iNs enwow Taesssotacmiaetendt most part low-lying, and covaragua (said to be the largest with the World Dominion between the Great Lakes and Movement of London. His ered by forests and savannas, Titicaca), pass by the smoking description of the lit tIe while a series of lagoons and island volcano of Omerepe to known people of the Mos- swamps fringe the immediate the old fort at San Carlos, and seaboard. The climate is damp; enter the San Juan River. This quito Coast of Nicaragua is some years ago a rainfall of river flows into the Caribbean 292 inches was recorded in timely and informing. Greytown. It is not really as Sea at Greytown, a decadent unhealthy as might be supposed and dangerous little port long since the heat is tempered by since closed to foreign shipping, and from Grey- regular and sometimes strong winds from the sea. town launches ply up the coast to Bluefields, the Pines are an interesting feature of the vegetation. capital. The journey occupies eight days. The The last serious hurricane was in 1919; there aeroplane takes less than four hours. was a serious flood in 1929. The epidemics of whooping cough in 1923, and of smallpox in 1931, The Mosquito Coast and the San Juan River both took a toll of the people. were once beloved of pirates. No ambitious and forward-looking pirate felt himself properly es- The population of the coast is estimated at about tablished in his profession unless he had made a 35,000 of whom some 20,000 are Miskito Indians. raid on the coast. Through the San Juan River These Indians live north of Bluefields and are it was possible to attack Granada at the northern found well into the eastern corner of Honduras. end of the lake, and Granada once was the center Other tribes are the Sumus in the interior, supof the Spanish power in the region. The strategic posed to number about 5,000 and a small number position of the river is easy to gauge from the fact of Ramas to the south of Bluefields. In Honduras that it is on the possibilities of this valley that the the Payas are still surviving. As lowland Indians discussions for a Nicaraguan inter-oceanic canal are classed, the Miskitos are a vigorous people and turn. Nelson himself made an unsuccessful raid are increasing in number. They are to some exon the Spanish defences of the river. tent mixed with the other elements of the popula- tion, West Indians and Nicaraguans. The position of the Mosquito Coast made it seem desirable to the British as far back as the seven- The Moravian Mission on the Mosquito CoaR1 [347 ]

was begun in 1849, and is therefore the oldest A statistical review of the mission shows an in- organized work in Central America. In 1914 war crease in total membership between 1915 and 1930 conditions compelled the transfer of the work to from 6,519 to 13,082. Communicants have grown, the Society for Propagating the Gospel, of Bethle- in the same period, from 1,743 to 3,721, day school hem, Pa. The missionaries are German, English pupils from 651 to 1,218, evangelists from 3 to 22.

and North American in nationality. On the field The financial depression, as elsewhere in the the work is under the guidance of Bishop Guido world, has compelled some limitation of activities, Grossmann who has been 34 years in the Mos- and the unsettled condition of the country required quitia. Recently in 1930 a new advance was made the temporary abandonment of a field in the in- into Honduras and the first station among the terior. On the other hand, although the Indians Miskitos of that republic was founded. A sad in- have built their own chapels, no church has yet cident in 1931 was the murder of the Rev. Karl attained self-support; the poverty on the coast is A. Bregenzer. He was killed on an interior sta- very considerable. Medical work has been opened tion by men under the leadership of Sandino, the quite recently on the Wanks River with a fully guerilla general of Nicaragua, who has himself qualified missionary; many of the missionaries since been assassinated. Mrs. Bregenzer and her have sufficient medical training to handle the com- two children were led to safety by local Sumu mon ailments of the people.

Indians. It is a remarkable work built up across the As a result of the nature of the population and years by a series of builders each of whom has the labors of the Moravian Brethren the coast to- added a stone to the temple. It has been marked day has been Christianized. The maj ority of the more by the energy of moral suasion exhibited in people are either Protestant Christians or indif- the lives of the missionaries rather than by any ferent. Roman Catholicism has as yet taken no vastness of organization or extensive institutional firm root, and the customary characteristics of investment. The example of solid and devotional Catholic civilization are wanting. The Catholic piety has been given to the Indians, and the treas- Church is fully aware of this situation and has ures of the Gospel have been placed within the taken steps to alter it. The Capuchins have reach of the poor and the uneducated. The beauty opened a convent and established schools where of holiness speaks more eloquently than the the teaching is excellent. Bluefields became a tongues of men and of angels, and, as a result, of Bishopric in 1915 and a campaign was started to many hundreds of Miskitos it can be said that the work towards "One creed and one language on the radiance of Jesus Christ has become the master- Atlantic Coast of Nicaragua." Yet toleration is, light of all their being.

on the whole, the order of the day, and there has The future holds its special tasks. Evangelizabeen no actual hostility between the various tion has yet to spread among the Miskitos of Hongroups ln the region. duras, and the five or six thousand Sumus of the interior. If the whole population of this region The usual languages on the coast are English can be claimed for the Kingdom of Christ it will and Miskito. The use of Spanish is now becom- mean a bright spot in the midst of the spiritual ing more common and it is the reasonable desire abandon of Central America. A second vital but of the government that it should be the language very difficult task is to develop in the churches the of commerce and daily relations. To the observer spirit of self-support which among a people who accustomed to evangelical work in Latin America neither possess nor use to any extent ordinary it appears unusual to meet missionaries who have worked for long years without any acquaintance of the tongue of Cervantes. In accordance with money, is no easy task. If in Nicaragua there the policy of the government the missionaries are should arise the same spirit of prejudice against now learning Castilian, and are thus demonstrat- the foreign missionary as has been exhibited in ing the disinterestedness of their aims, provided other parts of Central America it is only thus that the Gospel is brought to the people. It is simply the future can be safeguarded. As yet no real the plain fact to say that up to the present there Christian ministry has been trained upon the has been very little scope for the use of Spanish . coast but it is necessary for the property of the on the coast. Today there are one or two Baptist work that this should be taken in hand. For the congregations among the Spanish-speaking peo- rest, perhaps few would look to the Mosquito ple. This is a work that greatly need strengthen- Coast of Nicaragua, the scene of piratry and vio- ing and the missionaries, for their part, are ready lence in the past, in order to find the presence of to welcome workers who have the necessary ex- the Prince of Peace. But a faith that tells us how perience, more particularly in association with God was revealed in a cradle and on a Cross one or another of the missions already established should surely have trained us to watch for Him in Nicaragua. where we might least expect Him.

A RURAL PASTOR VISITS THE HOME OF A BANANA GROWER IN

Some Peacemakers of Cuba By the REV. COE HAYNE, New York Department of Publicity, American Baptist Home Mission Society A BLANKET of terrorism suddenly had set- The general election has been postponed until tIed over Cuba. A revolutionary strike on next autumn, since the principal candidates for the part of white collared government em- presidency declare the futility of any election ployees, including school-teachers and post-office while the Army is in control. Batista is virtual clerks, was in progress. The employees of one dictator, but without portfolio. Mendieta owes railroad went out on a sympathetic strike and it his continued occupancy of the president's chair was feared that bus and taxi drivers would quit. to the very efficient young man who received his Several months before the civil government under early education in a Friends' mission school at President Mendieta apparently had been on the Banes. The political secret societies are not verge of collapse, but forces counteracting the underestimating the power of Batista, who mainspread of disloyalty to the government had be- tains peace at the point of the bayonet.

come operative. The army held steady under the Cuba is the world's most important source of stern discipline of its young commander-in-chief, cane sugar. International agreements control the Colonel Fulgencio Batista, not two years before a quantity of the Cuban CrOP and the present low stenographer with the rank of sergeant. prices and oversupply of sugar in the markets The streets were ordered cl~ared after nine p. m. of tlie world have brought untold suffering to the and large groups were not allowed to gather in laborers in Cuba. Concerning Cuba's dependence cafes; trains, buses and airplanes were subjected in sugar, Jose Marti said in 1883: "A people com- to search by soldiers for arms and explosives. mits suicide the day on Which it bases its existence Teachers were given forty-eight hours to return on a single crop."

to work. Finally order was restored by the troops Cuba lies only about a hundred miles off the apparently loyal to their leader. It was said that coast of Florida and commands the only two the soldiers were receiving their pay but school- Eastern approaches to Panama. Cuba's political, teachers were complaining that they had no sup- social and industrial welfare constantly attract plies-books, pads, pencils-for their classes and the attention of American citizens. Young Amer- the government was in arrears in their salaries. icans from their history books early learn that [349 ]

the United States figured largely in the Cuban ond Baptist Church of Santiago. Many young War for Independence (1895-1898); thousands of people come to his services in Holguin where they tourists annually enjoy the delights of Cuba in meet for worship in his home. He enlists them in winter; American investment and trade in the Christian service. Slowly the church is accumu- lating a fund with which to erect a building. island have reached vast proportions. A recent visit to the Evangelical missions of Another Cuban preacher, Rev. F. Sabas, was Cuba revealed the fact that our churches through- converted under Pastor Barocio, of Santiago, just out the Island are after the Spanish-American War. His father had making genuine ef- been an ardent revolutionist and for a time lived for t s to continue in exile in Santo Domingo. Young Sabas lived their programs in with his mother in the reconcentration camp at spite of many hand- EI Caney and at the close of the war began to icaps. The prin- work for a new and better Cuba. Under the guid- ciples of denomina- ance of his religious teachers he became a worker tional and interde- in missions in Santiago supporting himself as a nominational comity druggist. Now, as pastor of the Second Baptist have been observed Church in Santiago, he is leading his people in from the earliest thrift and sacrificial giving. A substantial old days of evangelical residence was purchased in an unchurched section m iss ion s in the . of the city and, even while alterations are being made, the church holds its services beneath the island. The people wit h scaffolding. The attendance is increasing and who m Protestant we saw the primary department meeting on the missionaries w 0 r k include Cubans of both w hit e and Neg r 0 racial ori- gins. The language is Spanish. When A VETERAN CUBAN BAPTIST LAY- sugar prices we r e MAN OF BARACOA REGION, CUBA high many Haitians entered Cuba to work in the cane fields and built huts out of material furnished by the plantation owners. Pioneer missionaries were early recruited from lands where Spanish was spoken but native Cuban workers were trained in high grade mis- sion schools.

A vivid, interesting personality among the Cuban workers is Joaquin Antunez, a rebel cap- tain, who, after the Spanish-American War, estab- lished himself as a merchant in Yara. In 1903 he became the municipal judge and was serving his community in this responsible position when Rev. Teofilo Barocio, native of Mexico and pastor of the First Baptist Church of Santiago, came to Yara to assist the local pastor in special meetings.

As a result, Antunez was the first convert to be baptized in Yara, and immediately became a zealous evangelist in the country places. As he was expert with saw, hammer and plane he be- came a builder of chapels, but during the erection of a building he devoted what time he could to COLONEL F'ULGENC IO BATI STA, MILITARY DI CTATOR preaching. Then he was asked to forsake the OF CUBA carpenter's bench for the pulpit, and thus began portico because there was no room inside. Two his fruitful missionary service under The Amer-· junior classes met in the church yard. Present- ican Baptist Home Mission Society. He is now day pioneer missionaries in the remote Baracoa seventy-six years old and has helped organize district of Cuba travel on horseback as the pioneer many churches, one of which is the growing Sec- itinerant missionaries in the United States trav-

SOME PEACEMAKERS OF CUBA

eled one hundred years ago, carrying their cloth- farmer gave the Haitian employment and asked to ing, Bible, tracts and sermons in saddlebags. see the book, which turned out to be a Bible. As The only public highways to the mountain homes a result of reading this book the farmer, a Spanof the people are bridle paths worn deep by the iard, was converted. The Haitian and his white toiling pack trains. When a call goes out to the Baracoa district for a general meeting, the delegates must travel across the mountain ranges and over difficult bridle paths which are quite impassable during the rainy season. They must ford the streams and struggle through innumerable mud holes in the coves and valleys and dense jungles. But the conditions of travel and the poverty of the people do not lessen the service rendered by the devoted rural pastors.

The Missionary Spirit in Cuba PRESIDENT ROBERT RANTLEDGE, OF CRISTO COLLEGE, CUBA, The young churches of Cuba display a very commendable missionary spirit. The church at with rural pastor nearing a chapel in the mountainous Banes, when it was without a pastor, sent dele- Baracoa region gates to near-by villages to organize and conduct Sunday schools, one of which is the large mission employer began work together as evangelists and Sunday school at Negritos. This is an example recently Superintendent Robert Routledge was of the evangelistic zeal of Christians in Cuba. called to help organize a new church. The whole One layman in this church at Banes is Dr. J. Salas, community has found a new interest in religion. a veterinary surgeon, who has the oversight of the health of hundreds of horses, mules and oxen THIS IS PIONEERING on a huge sugar plantation. As there was no church in their end of the town, Dr. and Mrs. An increasing number of Bacone College stu- Salas started worship in their own, and other private homes, two in the city and two in the coun- dents, both men and women, after graduation, retry. This layman also visits a group of sixty Haitian Negroes who came from the neighboring turn to the Indian country to teach in rural govisland to work on the plantations. After a few months the group that met with Dr. and Mrs. ernment schools. Because of the poor living con- Salas outgrew the home and a hall had to be rented. Once a month Dr. Salas paid the travel- ditions of the Indian families with whom the ing expenses of a Cuban pastor, and after a number of converts were baptized these were organ- teachers make their homes and the inadequate ized into a church in March, 1934. The Cuban Home Mission Society, which was formed a few equipment of the school buildings the young Inyears ago, is taking this church under its care and a young graduate of Cristo College has been called dian teachers face discomforts that may include to the Banes church. cold and hunger and loneliness for the sake of Many children in Cuba are growing up without public school opportunities. In the country dis- their Master and their people. They went out tricts around Banes the people of the church became interested in the children of the plantation knowing the conditions they would confront. laborers and the Christian young people went out to four communities and opened schools in unused They realized that they were undertaking a task buildings. The administrator of the sugar company has been contributing the use of these build- that only Indians could accomplish-a service that ings and four dollars per month for each school. This is almost the sole income of the teachers. cannot be purchased with money. Four hundred Several months ago a Haitian Christian on a Indian children in a single county were without plantation north of Cristo was driven from the farm by the owner who accused him of being a school facilities before the going out of these Bawitch, having in his possession a black book that evidently had come from the devil. A neighboring cone graduates. And only Indians trained in a Christian school where Christian service is the keynote, will or can, undertake such a task. The Indian young people engaged in this pioneer work as teachers in neglected Indian rural communities have been highly commended by the Oklahoma Department of Education. COE HAYNE.

They "Rethought" Medical Missions*

Why the Laymen's Report on China Failed Adequately to Present the Facts By L. NELSON BELL, M.D., F.A.C.S., Tsingkiangpu, Kansu, China Southern Presbyterian General Hospital, Tsingkiangpu WHEN "Rethinking Missions" was sensa- sumably written by Drs. Houghton and Emerson) tionally released to the press and later was read, the overwhelming majority of mission- published in book form in 1932, evan- ary doctors were distressed and indignant at the gelical Christians throughout the world were unfair presentation of the subject and the warped amazed and distressed that such a book should be idea this report gave of actual work being done.

put out in the name of Christianity and in the Many of us knew that our own hospitals had not guise of a scientifically prepared, factually based yet been visited and we felt, probably subcon- report of a group who had undertaken to ascer- sciously, that our work was not involved.

tain the facts of present-day Christian missions Within three months of the time that "Rethink- and report these facts to the world. ing Missions" was published and copies arrived in Because of the denial, in this book, of the unique China, the writer of this article made an effort position of the Christian religion in that Christ to ascertain how many hospitals had actually been is the one and onlyt Saviour, the onlyt means of visited by some member of the Commission, but salvation from sin, the onlyt hope of eternal life, was unable to do so. Last fall reports came of evangelical Christians have relegated the report the forming of the Modern Missions Movement in to its proper position in the essentially anti-Chris- America as a result of the recommendations of tian literature of the day. "Rethinking Missions." I immediately wrote to Recently the Modern Missions Movement has Drs. Houghton and Emerson and asked them how been started to promote work that is i.n line with many mission hospitals they had actually visited the recommendations of "Rethinking Missions." in China. Dr. Houghton did not reply, probably Recent findings prove that in reporting on med- due to his moving from Iowa back to Peiping ical missions, "Rethinking Missions" was not about that time, although his former secretary scientifically prepared, nor was it factually based. wrote me that she had forwarded my letter to him.

We can prove this statement beyond the perad- Dr. Emerson replied as follows: venture of a doubt. DEAR DR. BELL: On the Laymen's Commission were two doctors In reply to your letter of October 30, I regret that I of medicine: Dr. Henry S. Houghton, at that time have not at hand a list of all the hospitals which our com- dean of the Medical College of the University of mission visited. Nevertheless, either Dr. Lennox, Dr. Houghton or myself visited every American supported hos- Iowa – formerly director of the Peiping Union pital in China, as well as those supported by other missions Medical College, and at the present time again in England and many of the private and national hospitals. connected with that institution; and Dr. Charles Phillips Emerson, professor of Medicine and dean Yours very truly, of the Medical School of the University of Indiana. CHARLES P. EMERSON.

A Fact Finders' group preceded the Commission Upon receipt of this letter I sent a questionto the field and was entrusted with the securing naire to all mission hospitals in China, asking of the data for its use. In this group of Fact whether they had been visited by any of the three Finders was Dr. William G. Lennox, a capable and doctors mentioned. A total of 220 letters were experienced physician and statistician, who under- sent out. To date, a total of 173 hospitals have took to ascertain the facts regarding medical mis- been heard from with the following answers: Visited by one -or more of the three doctors, 34; . sion work in China. When "Rethinking Missions" was published and not visited, 138; declined to state, 1. An analysis the chapter on "Medical Work of Missions" (pre- of the 47 hospitals not heard from shows that, due to their geographical relationship, it can be de- • Slightly condensed from The Presbyterian, May 23, 1935. duced that forty-one certainly were not visited.

t John 14: 6; John 3: 36; Mark 16: 16; Acts 4: 12; 1 Tim. As a result of the above, it is possible to definitely 2: 5.

[352 ] state that a maximum of forty of the 220 hos- ing Shanghai), but after reading their report, as pitals were visited, while 180 were not visited. found in "Rethinking Missions," and then read- ing Dr. Lennox's findings in the Fact Finders re- A further analysis shows that the hospitals port on China (Volume V, Supplementary Series, visited were along the China coast from Canton Part II), based on some thirty visits to mission to Shanghai, a few up the Yangtze as far as Han- hospitals, 120 replies to an extensive questionkow, and a few on the railway from Nanking to naire sent out to 235 mission hospitals, and the Peiping. Scores of outstanding mission hospitals "Prayer Cycle" of the China Medical Association, which were accessible were passed by. which contained statistics for practically every mission hospital in China, one is forced to the While Dr. Emerson thought all of the hospitals conclusion that Drs. Houghton and Emerson prachad been visited, the fact remains that out of the tically ignored the findings of their own repre- 220 hospitals, 180 were not visited. This startling sentative in that group. fact does not add to the confidence one might have in the report of Medical Missions found in "Re- To make the above point clear, let us compare thinking Missions." some of the statements of the two books.

But, the questionnaire sent out has revealed On page 202 of "Rethinking Missions," Drs. another point. Neither Dr. Houghton nor Dr. Houghton and Emerson report: "The story of a Emerson visited all of those forty hospitals. A typical American mission hospital will illustrate number state that Dr. Lennox alone visited them. how quality in medical work is easily lost," and It should be noted that the visits paid by Dr. then they describe the "typical" mission hospital Lennox were generally considered thorough and and doctor as follows: "During the busy seasons, satisfactory by the heads of the hospitals con- aided by his assistant, head nurse, and even his cerned. Such was not always the case where evangelist, he may prescribe for five hundred, or either Dr. Houghton or Dr. Emerson was the even a thousand outpatients in one morning." visitor. Here are quotations from replies: On the other hand, on page 455 in the above- "A mighty superficial visit." mentioned volume, Dr. Lennox gives the average "Dr. – – – called at our hospital for five minutes only, number of out-patients treated daily, per doctor, to call on me personally. . . . He saw my office only." in mission hospitals, at fourteen. This figure is "I may say that while enjoying the visit socially, it arrived at from carefully compiled statistics from seems to me that in spite of all my efforts to state my practically every mission hospital in China. The opinions to Dr. – – , he spent most of the time trying to two statements should be noted, for one finds a make me say things which he had decided I should say." difference between "14" and "500 to 1,000." "Dr. – – – was with us between trains on the same day." The "typical" hospital mentioned by Drs. "They were in this city and asked business firms about Houghton and Emerson does not exist in China, our hospital, but did not visit us." and the exaggerations in that account are too ob- "Dr. – – – was here one Sunday morning, and said, 'I vious to be taken up, were it not for the fact that have only half an hour between trains.''' they have been given such wide publicity. "We were disappointed they did not come, Dr. – – was quoted as saying he knew our situation." But to compare again. On page 203 of "Re- thinking Missions," speaking of the same "typical" General comments by doctors replying to the hospital, this assertion is made: "Correct diagquestionnaire are too numerous and voluminous noses are not attempted; important early disto quote, but the following are given as samples: eases – cancer, tuberculosis, and the like – are overlooked." "I hope you will expose the flagrant, unscientific jumping at conclusions of that Commission." In Dr. Lennox's report, on page 470, we find that the overwhelming majority of all mission "I also was filled with a bit of righteous indignation at hospitals are equipped for routine, laboratory and the prolific employment of exaggerated generalizations." other examinations for patients, and on page 471, regarding the use of this equipment, he says: "In "Many times have I wished someone would challenge comparison with hospitals in America, the pro- portion (in respect to urine examinations) of spethose – – ; to name any single hospital where one man cial examinations, especially serum test for has ever seen 500 patients in a day, to say nothing of see- syphilis, is undoubtedly high." ing that number every day. Once in my lifetime I have seen 120, but never again for their sakes as well as mine. Again, on page 201 of "Rethinking Missions," But 500 every day!!!" it is stated: "The days of the pioneer are past and the professional work of the modern mission med- "The Findings are hardly in the spirit of Christ or His ical centers is too often inferior to the near-by Commission, nor in keeping with the friends in the home- government and other non-missionary hospitals." land who give their money for Christian medical work or medical mission work." Over against this we find on page 476 of Dr.

There might be a possible shadow of an excuse if Drs. Houghton and Emerson had had only their superficial visit to rely on (according to the Foreword of "Rethinking Missions," the Commission spent two weeks for all of mid-China, including the great Yangtze basin, their headquarters be-

Lennox's report, under the head of "Governmental phases of mission work in that Province. On Hospitals": "Such hospitals are under military, page 605 of the same volume already quoted, in the central or provisional government or the mu- speaking of medical work in Szechuen, this laynicipality. One military hospital was visited, that man begins his first paragraph with this sentence: at Nanchang, Kiangsi Province. This contained "It is the impression of the writer that the aver- 1,000 sick and wounded soldiers lying on closely age of skill and knowledge among missionary docpacked board beds in unheated Chinese buildings, tors is distinctly higher than the average in attended by a medical staff of the dresser type, America." and without visible charts, nurses, operating room, X-ray or laboratory. There are a few gov- Drs. Houghton and Emerson are not content ernment hospitals and dispensaries for civilians. with their critical attitude 'to the clinical work in The Central Hospital in Nanking is in every re- mission hospitals; they also strike at the essential spect up to date and modern. The annual cost of missionary purpose of these hospitals. Inferior maintenance is $1,430 (Mex.) per bed. The aver- clinical methods and slovenly diagnosis and treatage cost in mission hospitals, including foreign ment of cases cannot be too severely condemned, salaries, but not including the interest on invest- either in America or China, but the aggressive ment, is $401 (Mex.) per bed. The two National presentation of the Gospel message in mission University hospitals visited were also first class. hospitals, whether by indirect impressions through These three about exhaust the list of good gov- the Christian character of the staff, personal work ernment hospitals." with the patients, or preaching in the wards and chapels, is not incompatible with first-class scien- "Provincial and municipal hospitals, of which tific medicine and surgery. In fact, it is a trenine were visited, were invariably primitive af- mendous asset. fairs, far below the standard of missionary hospitals in the same localities." On page 199 of "Rethinking Missions," we find these words: "The use of medical skill for ulterior Referring to private hospitals, Dr. Lennox says ends has been rightly challenged, in our judgment, (page 477): "We visited a dozen or more. They by social and religious leaders in India and can be called hospitals only by courtesy." China." On page 200 we read: "By many mis- sionaries the use of medical service as an evan- "Rethinking Missions" says mission hospitals gelizing device is earnestly defended. . . . On the are "too often" inferior to near-by government other hand, enlightened non-Christians frequently and other hospitals. Dr. Lennox says there are express their scorn of institutions which proselythree good government hospitals in China that tize the sick and helpless, who are least able to provincial and municipal hospitals are "invar- resist." On page 201 we read further: "But the iably primitive affairs far below the standard of use of medical or other professional service as a missionary hospitals in the same localities," and direct means of making converts, or public servthat private hospitals can be "called hospitals only ices in wards and dispensaries from which by courtesy." The above is interesting. patients cannot escape, is subtly coercive and improper." The picture of the average missionary doctor in "Rethinking Missions" is not very attractive. On Obviously, Drs. Houghton and Emerson have page 201 it is stated: "The impression gained forgotten that the Gospel means "Good News." from our study of the clinical work of American There can be no possible excuse for undue presmissions [i. e., the professional work of the doc- sure, or tactlessness in preaching to patients, but tors] in the Orient was in general one of disap- most of us are not concerned with the opinions of pointment." non-Christians in this matter, nor do we consider it "subtly coercive" or "improper" to use our Over against this we find Dr. Lennox writing hospitals as direct evangelistic agencies. We have as follows on the same subject, page 500: "On the precedent and example of the Saviour Himthe average, the missionary institutions excelled self, while most of the money contributed for medin the quality of professional service, in medical ical missions has come from those who expect the equipment and its use, in the nursing care of the message of spiritual healing to go hand in hand patients, in the housekeeping of the hospital, and with physical healing. Failure in this would be in the human interest in the patients and in sta- a denial of Him and a betrayal of those who supbility of the work." On page 493 of the same re- port us. One regrets, too, the statement regardport, we find: "There is no major surgery being ing the "typical" mission hospital on page 203, done outside of mission and a few other hospitals." where, speaking of the outpatients, it is said: "Too many . . . leave with a good Bible text and In the above connection, it is permissible to the wrong medicine." quote from another member of the Fact Finders' group, a layman, who went to Szechuen Province Compared to the above, we have Dr. Lennox's for the Commission and reported on various

HOW THEY "RETHOUGHT" MEDICAL M,ISSIONS

fair statement of the question on page 472 of his making statements which are directly contrary to report: those made by their Fact Finders.

Medical missionaries enlist with the understanding that In the defense of the parts of the report quoted, they are both to preach the Gospel and to heal the sick. as found in "Rethinking Missions," some may say They expect to win converts to the Christian religion from that as the Inquiry also visited India, this report among patients, nurses and doctors in the hospital, and is for India and China combined. This is true, from students in the medical schools. The patients who but it is utterly unscientific to have done so. Supthrong missionary hospitals number more than a million pose a doctor examined two patients, one with a year, more than twice al!! many as the Protestant Church membership of China. They are receiving a service of pulmonary tuberculosis, the other suffering with recognized value, and they easily recognize the manner acute appendicitis, and then after the examinain which such service is given. The attitude of most mis- tion he renders a composite report and diagnosis sionaries is that of the father of modern surgery, Ambrose on the two cases? Even a missionary doctor in Pare: "I dress the wound, God heals it," or again, "Pity China would not be guilty of this. For the laymen as an emotion passes, pity as a motive remains." in America to have had a clear picture of the sit- uations in the two countries, the reports should Most doctors believe that in their medical service they have been entirely separate. are fulfilling an essential portion of their mission. Of all doctors who answered the question, "In your work as a If a large business corporation had sent out cermedical missionary, which do you regard as the most important, the proper medical care of the patient or efforts towards his evangelization?" the largest number, 67 per tain representatives to secure facts on which to cent, replied that both were equally important and could not be separated. project its future work, and these representatives had made their report as the medical report in The missionary doctors of China had a right to "Rethinking Missions" was made, some of the expect from the doctors on the Laymen's Inquiry officials of that corporation would certainly ask the same quality of scientific purpose and method some very searching questions of their own. The in this Inquiry which was demanded of them in most charitable thing one can say about this med- their medical missionary work. Failure to use ical report is that it is a biased statement, the re- scientific methods, hasty and wrong diagnoses, sult of certain preconceptions and prejudices, plus faulty treatments of patients, all of these and a failure to make use of the facts which were in other things are placed to the discredit of mission hand. In other words, the statement made in the doctors in "Rethinging Missions." And yet we beginning of this article is true – the report on find those who demand such high standards guilty medical missions in "Rethinking Missions" was of making a generalized report on 220 mission not scientifically prepared.

hospitals when they had visited not more than If laymen of America foster and support the forty of these hospitals. In fact, a number of Modern Missions Movement with the aim of carry- these forty visits were made by a third person. ing out the recommendations of "Rethinking Mis- We find also. that one of the two doctors on the sions," they have the right to do so. At the same Inquiry thought all had been visited, only being time there are many hospitals in China which hope eighty-one per cent wrong in this belief. In the to continue doing the very best scientific work pos- third place, we find them ignoring the findings of sible with limited budgets, equipment and staffs, their own representative on the Fact Finders' but at the same time purpose to continue to preach Commission. In the fourth place, we find them and live Jesus Christ as the only Saviour.

"THIRTEEN GREAT MISTAKES"

To set your own standards of right and wrong, and expect others to conform to them. To measure the enjoyment of other people by your own. To expect uniformity of opinion in this world. To look for sound judgment and experience in youth. To endeavor to mold all dispositions after the same pattern. To be unwilling to yield in unimportant matters. To be discouraged because you do not attain perfection. To worry over mistakes and failures that cannot be remedied. To make no earnest effort to alleviate conditions that need alleviation. Failure to make allowances for the weakness of others. To consider anything impossible simply because you cannot perform it. To believe only those things that the finite mind can grasp. To live as if the moment, the day, were so important that it would continue forever.

-A London Jurist.

Oriental Students Return

-~~II~~~B_Y~A_R_T_H_U_R_A~._Y_O_U_N_G_'_N_e_W~Y_O_rk~~~~II~- THE first Japanese student arrived in America mmmg corporations; fourteen have been secre- in 1866. Today there are twelve hundred of taries of the Y. M. C. A. in China; and forty-five them studying in American colleges and uni- are or have been journalists. The number of Chiversities. The remarkable thing about them is that nese students who pursue journalism on their re- they are the picked men and women of J apan- turn to China is significant. A decade ago a news- students who will undoubtedly playa big part in paper in the hands of a coolie in China was rare.

shaping the destiny of their homeland. Today it is one of the arresting sights in every Dr. Inazo Nitobe, who for seven years repre- Chinese city.

sented Japan efficiently at the League of Nations, James Y. C. Yen, a graduate of Yale, succeeded was made a Doctor of Philosophy at Johns Hop- in reducing the number of Chinese characters to kins University; Viscount Sutemi Chinda and Mr. a minimum of accepted and recognized words.

Amaro Sato, two of Japan's foremost diplomats With the cooperation of newspapers and editors, of a generation ago, studied at DePauw Univers- great strides have been made in teaching the Chi- ity. nese peasantry to read and understand the printed Joseph Hardy Neeshima, founder of Doshisha, page.

the first Christian university in Japan, was gradu- The majority of leaders of the New China have ated from Amherst College in 1870. Miss Ume had the opportunity of acquiring a foreign educa- Tsuda, founder of Tsuda College in Tokyo, and tion. T. V. Soong, recently Minister of Finance, Miss Michi Kawai, founder of the Keisen Girls' is a Harvard graduate. Dr. C. T. Wang, former School of Tokyo, are both alumnre of Bryn Mawr Minister of Foreign Affairs, is a Yale graduate.

College. H. H. Kung, Minister of Commerce and Industry, Dr. Toyoshiko Kagawa, the noted Christian is an Oberlin man. The Chinese Minister at Wash- leader and social worker, studied at Princeton; ington, Dr. Alfred Sze, is a Cornell graduate; the Dr. Takuma Dan, head of the great business firm acting Minister in London is a Michigan Univer- of Mitsui, was trained at Massachusetts Insti- sity man.

tute of Technology; Viscount Ketaro Kaneko, for Filipino Students and Ot~ers many years head of the American-Japan Society in .Japan, is a graduate of Harvard University; In the Philippines, the dean of the Law School while President Shoshuke Sato of Hokkaido Im- of the University of Manila is a graduate of the perial University is a Doctor of Philosophy of University of Indiana. Judge Santos, of George- Johns Hopkins University. town University, is a cabinet minister, L. T. Ruiz, An example of the good work of returned stu- of Yale, is general secretary of the national Y. M.

dents occurred when racial relationships were C. A. movement.

strained as a result of anti-Japanese legislation in Scores of students from the Near East are California. The returned students in Japan never influential in the New Republic of Turkey and in hesitated to wield their influence in behalf of fair Syria.

play, and good feeling between America and Ja- Many more visitors from abroad have gone pan. about their tasks and served their countries in A recent survey of 238 prominent returned Chi- various ways as the teachers, the preachers, the nese students from America has revealed the fol- business men and others of their kind who have lowing facts: carried on with no publicity.

Forty-one are presidents of colleges; fourteen In America these foreign students not only are officials in the ministries of education; six sought the best in the classrooms, but have also have been premiers; forty-six have held cabinet garnered the worthwhile in American national positions; nine have been members of parliament; life, and this they have taken back to their various seventeen have been appointed ministers of for- countries.

eign countries; there have been four mayors of Young people, regardless of race, face the ques- cities, one governor, ten directors of railways, tion of ultimate truth. Emphasis has been placed thirty-three managers of banks, twenty-one heads on the Christian way of life and on the formation of manufacturing concerns, twelve managers of of personal friendships with Americans.

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African Christian Teacher*

By w. SINGLETON FISHER, Elizabethville, Congo BeIge FROM personal experience I am convinced that woman named Nyameji came to his village with the native of the Congo is capable of great a strange message. Manika was away on tour. depths (or heights) of spirituality. He is as She told his wife and the other women that they willing to surrender himself wholly to the claims were accountable to God for their sinful way of of Christ as any European. He rapidly becomes a living, drew for them a vivid picture of a country man of real spiritual power if he wholeheartedly full of never dying fire to which their evil lives were taking them and she told them of God's son follows Christ. who had come into the world to live and die and Everywhere missionary people are discussing live again to save them from their wicked lives and from the punishment to come. Manika's wife to what extent natives should be encouraged to and some other women pulled up their fetishes, carryon the missionary work being done in their threw away their charms and professed to turn to respective countries. Some advocate the complete Christ (they are today church members). withdrawal of missionaries from the field so that the natives can have a free hand to carry the Gos- pel to their own people. On the other extreme Manika returned home accompanied by his fol- are those who fear to leave any responsibility in lower, Patisu, of whom you shall hear more later.

their hands and think that it will be many years They strode into the village with a line of trem- before they can be allowed equality with whites, bling natives following carrying baskets of fowls and then only after much intensive training. which they had levied in the districts they had I am going to try to present a brief sketch of a been patrolling. The women clapped continuously native I know. My object is to enable him to win for about ten minutes while their men settled your affection so that you will pray for him then down by their respective houses without saying a that he shall gain your respect as the man to word. The clapping over, greetings followed, reach his own people. Then I would like to show and a short report was given of what had hap- how necessary the missionary of the right sort pened in their absence. This report included a still is to him. My desire is to stir you up to more description of Nyameji's visit and its conse- real and definite prayer both for the native worker quences. Glancing round the village Manika and and for his missionary helper, and to help you to his friend could, without rising, see that the wom- balance truly this difficult problem. en's fetishes had indeed disappeared and they The people about whom I speak are very real, were worried. They decided however to laugh and are alive today, many having been my friends the matter off.

for many years, but I use ficticious names. "Yayo-o! Enu akwetu-u!" laughed Manika, Manika ten years ago was a kapita, a kind of "what a fine crowd you women are! Like a lot of children !" policeman of a type much used in those days by the Government. He is closely related to the big "Any strange story deceives them," grinned chief or petty king called Kazembi. When the na- Patisu, "but why worry, they'll soon give it up tives in this area were still very wild he was much again ?" feared by the natives over the whole countryside. He used to go off on long trips and arrest whole Nyameji, a woman of great natural native digbatches of men who had not paid tax and bring nity, for she is herself by birth the headwoman of them in to the Poste. Wherever he went he took quite an important little clan, looked at these from a village all the chickens he required for his young men, resplendent in their government uniown personal use. No native, except a fellow forms and their conceit. Smiling contemptuously, kapita, dared call him by his name but all called she quietly said: him Nkaka, which means grandfather or master. About the time of which I am speaking an elderly "Kanchayila! All these things you have will only be like the things Kanchayilat gathers round • Having been born in Central Africa, and having learned to t A kanchayila is a chrysalis that builds its cocoon· by neatly binding together dry sticks which it has cut Into even lengths, when speak the native language before my own tongue and then having the annual bush lires come if it is unfortunate enough to be within range the sticks soon catch a light and the insect Is quickly burnt, spent nearly all my life among natives since I was seventeen, has destroyed by the very things by which it thought it had insured for itself peace and protection. taught me a great respect for the native, his language and his ways of thinking. W. S. FISHER.

[357 ]

him; they will make the fire all the hotter when uable worker for Christ. He is by no means the you get there." most promising of our native fellow workers, there are several more gifted and more deeply She was due to return home and so saw little taught, but he is a good example of the average more of the men before she left the village that African. afternoon. That night Manika and his friend slept little. The story their wives had told them Last year he gave an address on "Consecration" -of God's hatred of sin and of His gift of His to his fellow teachers and other native Christians. son, the warning of sure judgment to come, the He used a telling illustration which is a sample reference'to Kanchayila – all kept recurring to of the way natives teach one another. He said: their minds. Next day they talked it over and to everyone's surprise decided to believe too. They "There was once upon a time a family of ante- pulled up their fetishes, got rid of their charms, lopes, an old cow antelope and several of her chil- and began praying to God. dren. They were discussing the sort of horns they would like. Most of the youngsters agreed When Nyameji next went to the village she that the kind their parents had would suit them found them gathering night by night round a well. Although the possessor could not see them camp fire to pray and to recount to one another as they curved backwards, still they were sharp what they could remember of the Message. and serviceable and would protect them from their enemies. One young buck objected strongly. Manika was not a very promising Christian, 'N0,' he said, 'I want a handsome pair of horns since he was converted mainly through fear of that curve well forward, which I can see, and en- coming judgment. Although he broke with his joy. What's the good of something I can't see!' robbery and his immorality and with many evil ways, he remained worldly and was closely at- "'All right,' said his mother, 'you shall have tached to his worldly friends. A year or two after your wish.' his conversion missionaries came· to settle in the district. They were anxious to encourage this "What a magnificent pair of horns he grew! little group to carryon for themselves and so re- Sweeping well forward in a long graceful curve! sisted the temptation to build a station near them They gave the growing antelope many hours of and went to live about nine miles away. One of enjoyment, and he despised his foolish brothers the missionaries came over one day a week to give and sisters who were content with horns they regular Bible instruction. A native teacher had couldn't even see! After a few years a great also come to live among them and was one who drought came and all the rivers dried up. The had deep knowledge of the Word of God. Manika only water to be had was in a little hole in a rock. began to learn what being a Christian really is The antelope's brothers and sisters came and but the claims of Christ seemed too great. The drank easily, unimpeded, but he could not come man became more and more worldly and in a year near the water for his beautiful horns came be- or two fell into sin. He was suspended from tween him and the life-giving draught." ' church membership and was treated as an outsider by the infant church, though all the time the The story needs no explanation. .members were praying earnestly for his restora- Pray much for these native teachers and ask tion. that the missionaries may be given grace and wis- dom to teach them in such a way that they shall Manika was deeply humbled. He was a well- learn to depend more and more on God's Word. known kapita, and was in the royal line of the old They are surrounded by sin and vice; they have Kazembi chieftainship. He was used to being a background of superstition and fear. Pray that treated with fear and respect, and here he was they may daily walk so near to God that old tempbeing given the cold shoulder by inferior beings tations, that so easily tripped them up and do who used to look up to him – all because he had trip up cold Christians, may be powerless against sinned. If fellow men treated him like that, how them. could he expect a holy God to overlook his evil ways? Over the door of a cabinet-maker's shop in Lon- don there hangs this sign, "LIVING ABOVE." It Finally Manika came back into church member- is a notification to customers that he can be found ship a humbler and wiser man. He had learned above his shop if the door is locked. the value of the cleansing blood of Christ and began to serve Christ in his village. It is a great thing for a worker to be able to say he is "living above" his work; that his dreams The regular visits of the missionaries and the and hopes and real life are above the level of his careful teaching weaned him more and more from day's toil. He may have to work amid the clods his old worldly associations and taught him to and clutter, but at least he can "live above." No walk closer to God. His natural ability soon be- matter how lowly a man's work, his life can be gan to show itself, and he has now become a val- above if his life is hid with Christ in God.

Work in

Missionary Experiences Among an Unknown People By the REV. W. KENDALL GALE, Andriamena, Madagascar Missionary of the London Missionary Society T HE Marofotsy country is unknown to Amer- have heard about the praying and wish to be icans, even to most missionary circles. taught. We also heard that there was a mission- Twenty years ago it was utterly unknown to ary in Anjozorobe so I have been sent by our peo- British mIssIOnaries in Madagascar. We are pIe to beg you to send us a teacher." therefore introducing the readers of THE REVIEW to an unknown people of an unknown land. This wild, lithe, supple savage was in deadly earnest. He presented the missionary's wife with Frequently we had stood on our verandah and a dirty, dog-eared scrap of paper, with a few had wondered what there was behind those far, wobbly crosses on it but not a word of writing. northern mountains, imagining that for hundreds of miles beyond the lofty Ketsa range the land "What is this?" asked the missionary's wife, was quite empty. For some years after our set- scarcely daring to handle such a torn, filthy, tlement in Anjozorobe, as its first missionary, we ragged bit of paper.

"That is our petition asking for a church and a never so much as heard a whisper that there were teacher," he said. people beyond the lofty heights of northern Her eyes filled with tears as the· pathos of it Imerina. We had never heard of people having came over her. Where had those savages obtained explored the country, much less had we ever seen that scrap of paper, and from whom had they got an inhabitant from that wild land. However, the pencil with which to make those few trembling through curiosity we might have set out on an crosses? exploring expedition. The amazing thing is that we did not seek out the Marofotsy people, but the "The missionary will be home in a few days," she said, "I will tell him about your visit and give Marofotsy sought us. The story is sufficiently him this paper. Go back to your people and tell remarkable to be worth telling. them that the vazahalahy (missionary) will set out for Ambakireny and you shall have a teacher." One day a tousled-headed savage, a wild, scared looking creature in a loin-cloth appeared at the When the missionary returned home he and his mission house in Anjozorobe-then our station. enthusiastic wife sat down to consider what to do; The missionary was away on a journey in the she asked him to go to Ambakireny and the Moro- Bezanozano country but the missionary's wife was fotsy country post-haste. at home. He prostrated himself before her, flat "But," we said, "the L. M. S. has a debt of upon his stomach, quite as though he were the £66,000 and we missionaries have received orders Duke of Monmouth pleading for his life before to retrench, or at least not to extend on any King James of England. The missionary's wife account. did not feel frightened at the sight of this weird human-if he could be called human. She told "Bother the debt," said the lady, "you must go. . him to rise and led him within, asking him to take I have promised."

But we did not dare do anything for debts are a seat. This he refused to do, probably never hav- debts and orders are orders, and missionaries are ing seen a chair before, so he squatted on the floor. men under authority-irksome and deplorable as "Now what do you want?" she asked. such orders are when they forbid an advance or "Please, I have come to ask for a teacher." response to such a plea. "A teacher?" she replied. "But who are you and where do you come from ?" The man came again and again and the fifth "My name is Rakotomanga and I come from time he found us at home. We were faly-mala- Ambakireny in the Marofotsy country." helo, as the Malagasy say. We were curious to see this man of unbeatable persistence, a man who "The Marofotsy country, where is that?" had been five times to the mission house and had "It is three and a half days' journey beyond tramped 35 days on foot to beg for the Gospel.

those mountains to the north," he replied. "We "My heart and my flesh crieth out for the living [359 ]

God." We did not see what could be done. We fotsy country was inhabited, for the northern area sat there and talked and talked and talked. In of Imerina was being constantly raided by savage the end we said: "Bother the debt at the mission hordes from that land, village after village going house in London; we are at least going to spy up in flames, and its quiet, pastoral people being out the land." carried away into slavery. With a people of such a character, no wonder that tribes impinging on Having received our assurance that we would its territories were scared to enter, knowing it to visit them, the man shot off back to Ambakireny be a land of bandits and raiders, of lawless savto tell the people. We went and found a very ages and cutthroats. The average Malagasy is large village and saw many others, a few of the not heroic or adventurous and has no stomach for thousand scattered over the wide Marofotsy coun- dangerous and thrilling explorations in a jungle try. Later we founded a church, the first in that where "wild beasts" swarm. It is only within reterrible land, equally terrible both as to people cent years that these raids have ceased in northern and climate, for it gave us bad fever. Imerina. Now raiding has been destroyed by the Gospel of Christ because the missionary invaded European mails had come in during our absence that land and established churches in the raider's and one of the letters caused something of a sensa- villages. Unfortunately, within the Marofotsy tion. It was from an unknown gentleman asking country itself raiding, robbery, murder and the the missionary to select a trustworthy native evan- burning of villages are still prevalent. Two years gelist, place him in a dark spot, and he would foot ago two of our churches-and the villages with the bill. "Before they call I will answer; while them-were burned to the ground. Every few they are yet speaking I will hear." weeks one hears of such raids in the remoter parts of the country, and even in close proximity of our In every missionary's life there are supreme station. The French Government admits that the moments such as someone will experience when Marofotsy country is not being adequately adminhis feet at last stand on the summit of Mt. Everest. istered for the whole wide territory boasts of only That letter gave us one of those moments. We two French officials, one post office, not a single knew just the man for evangelist and he was will- European doctor, and only three very incompetent ing, even eager, to go. He is still at Ambakireny native doctors. For its spiritual needs there are and has helped to bring forty-seven churches into four Roman priests and one Protestant missionexistence in the eastern part of the Marofotsy. ary. Randrianjafy now has charge of this territory covering an area seven days by three, over which The Marofotsy history is extremely interesting. he travels on his donkey. That man is a hero. In They are of Sihanaka stock, from the tribe inthat fearful land he has buried a wife and eight habiting a stretch of country with Lake Alaotra children, but he has never so much as given us a as its centre. In the Central Province of Imerina, hint that he wishes to give up the work and return the land of the Hova, 147 years ago was a mighty to Imerina and a healthier climate. The land is warrior-chief c a II e d Andrianampoinimerina, nOw holy ground to him, consecrated by the something of a military genius, whose ambition sacred remains of his wife and children. it was to subjugate the whole island and make himself king. He was a kind of superraider and Who Are the Marofotsy? lived only to fight. Unhappily in those days Malagasy was only a spoken language so that our But where is the Marofotsy country and who knowledge of his expeditions is scanty. He and are its people? On the map of Madagascar you his braves swept like a tornado north, south, east will see a large, oblong tract of country 250 miles and west. The slaughter must have been ghastly by 150 in the heart of the broadest part of the for most all male captives were assassinated and island, with Lake Alaotra slightly outside the only women and children were spared. centre of its eastern boundary, and Maevatanana and Ankazobe bounding it on the west. It This chief invaded the Taifasy tribe, and realstretches southward to the river Mananara, and izing that they were no match for Andrianamon the north reaches to within a day's journey poinimerina and his army, they accepted the from Marovoay. inevitable and kowtowed. Women and children were segreg~ted in one valley and males in an- Until long after the French occupation of Mada- other. Then the slaughter of the males began, gascar in 1895, it was an unknown country, and only five escaping the butchering. even yet has not been properly surveyed. Missionaries knew of this wide tract of country but Andrianampoinimerina died in 1810 and was they had never visited or explored it. It was be- succeeded by Radama, likewise a great warrior, lieved to be absolutely uninhabited and desert. who set about completing what his predecessor Had the northern part of Imerina had a mission- had begun. Radama invaded the Sihanaka counary long ago (we being still its first and only missionary) he would have known that the Maro-

PIONEERING WORK IN MADAGASCAR

try and subjugated the tribe. With some sem- Within an hour or two every man and woman was blance of mercy he spared the males, but he en- lying sprawling about the village streets dead slaved the whole tribe. A proud, independent drunk in a stupor. The whole village resembled people hitherto, subjugation and slavery were a battlefield after a particularly furious fight.

more than the Sihanaka could endure. They re- For three days and three nights they lay there belled, whereupon Radama swept down into their unconscious, dead to everything; a picture too country again with the fixed purpose of deci- ghastly to contemplate. During those three days mating the whole male population. Thousands and nights, their cattle and pigs were in their fled, making for the wild, mountainous, unknown pens unfed and unwatered.

and unhabited land now called the Marofotsy. In the whole of that village there were only five As far as we have been able to ascertain that was children, three in one home, one in another and about the year 1820, for Radama began to rule in one in another. Except for three women, all were 1810 and died in 1828. For nearly 100 years the sterile. During our first pioneer journey, we dis- Marofotsy remained unknown, undisturbed, but covered a village where there was only one child. alas! they became disturbers. They had neither What was the cause of the sterility of Manakana? money nor cattle nor possessions of any kind so We attribute it to alcohol and immorality. Walkthey took to raiding and with it inevitable slaugh- ing to and fro in Manakana in the evening we ter. From that lawlessness it is not difficult to were surprised to see sixty or seventy huts, quite trace their moral descent from a peaceful, pas- apart from the village itself, though at no great toral people to absolute savagery, with all the distance from it. To our horror we discovered worst implications of that term in morals and that they were brothels, one belonging to pracconduct. tically every woman and even girl in the village.

Criminals who fled from justice came to this Thither boys, married men and old greybeards vast and remote hinterland seeking a place in resorted, at any hour of the day or night, utterly which to hide. They found security from discov- without shame or even thought that it was dis- ery and capture for none dared to hunt for them gusting. We saw old men and mere lads crossing among those lawless hordes. Slaves also joined the open space between the village and these huts them to save their lives or to escape torture, for -a sight that shocked the spirit and lacerated the slavery continued in Madagascar until their lib- heart. We ached to put a match to them and burn eration by the French in 1896. These then com- the lot to the ground, but had we done so we prise the Marofotsy tribe: liberty-loving people should probably have been lynched. We preached who became utter savages, criminals, and escaped Christ instead and within a year those brothels slaves-a pleasant mixture! These were the folks had completely disappeared without our having who were discovered to us when that tousled- said a word about them. One small Christian headed creature appeared at the mission house in church had razed seventy brothels to the ground.

Anjozorobe. Three years after its erection we baptized sixty- The Effect of Strong Drink three people in that church one Sunday morning.

Since then they have built a much larger one. For We made a journey to the Marofotsy country in ten years they have had a trained pastor and sup- 1915-as far as Ambakireny-to spy out the land port him without any financial aid whatever from and preach the Gospel there. Then we went home the London Missionary Society. Since the coming on furlough in 1916. On our return in 1918 we of the Gospel of Christ to Manakana, there has set out alone to explore the Marofotsy country never been another drunken orgy, neither has with a view to its evangelization. We founded anyone dared to reerect another brothel. The nineteen churches as a result of that journey. We entire village has been rebuilt, and no longer resaw debasing things and learned about others that sembles a town devastated by an earthquake or a cannot be related here. We visited Manakana, a tidal wave, but is filled with brick dwellings, village of about one hundred and twenty houses. mostly with upper verandahs.

Three weeks before our arrival there had been a On that same first journey we discovered the disgusting orgy in Manakana. The inhabitants village of Bemavo and came upon the people in had clubbed together and had sent men with $300 the midst of a drunken revel, coupled as all such to Andriamena (where we now live) to buy drink. are (or were) with indecencies which cannot be On their return the entire population sat down to named. In the Marofotsy country there are scores guzzle. Each afraid lest the other should get of sacred mountains. In a four hours' journey more than his share, when once a drinking vessel from Andriamena to Bemavo we had passed three was in his or her hands it was not surrendered such. Bemavo, however, had its own specially until empty. Drinking thus, like swine from a sacred mountain called Analavory, or "The For- trough, the effects of the alcohol were devastating. est of Meeting," situated on the summit of a

plateau 3,500 feet high. Frequently the popula- ination. Such practices were taking place many tion of the district gathered there in thousands. times a year until 1918 and such was our intro- Cattle were sacrificed, together with fowls and duction to this tribe. Bemavo now has had a turkeys. Famous witch-doctors assembled there lovely little church and Analavory, their sacred to practice sorcery, selling fetishes by the hun- mountain, is deserted and its altars have been dred; fetishes to protect or bewitch or kill or to stone cold these dozen years. ensure bumping crops or unlimited children. The witch-doctors have charms for all purposes, some The Gospel of Christ has abolished drinking, supposedly good but mostly decidedly villainous, raiding, murder, filth, lust, polygamy, sorcery, for among other things they dispensed poisons to disease and theft. God has been with us during rid their clients of enemies, real or imaginery. the years and He has enabled us to found more Thus Mount Carmel swarmed with the Madagas- than one hundred churches in the Marofotsy councar priests of Baal. There one might have seen try alone, and more than two hundred and thirty men and women by the hundreds making the hor- in all among the heathen tribes of Madagascar. rible blood convenant at which they gashed their We now reside in the Marofotsy country having breasts and drank each other's blood. After these moved down there in March 1933, the first and terrible scenes the entire mass resorted to a lake, only Protestant missionary. There is work for a and all, male and female, perfectly nude, bathed score of missionaries in the country, but, alas! we together. Then they scattered over the plateau are alone, and the London Missionary Society and gave themselves up to lust· without discrim- quite unable to furnish us with a colleague. Here are fields "ripe to the harvest. Pray ye therefore."

A Great Anniversary It is generally acknowledged that no other book language and literature, their art, their beliefs, has had so profound and world-wide an influence their ideals and customs, their laws and their on individuals and on nations, as has been exerted governments. The Bible and its teachings transby the Bible. In the early days of the Jewish formed England, Scotland and Wales; the innations, the rare old hand-copied Hebrew scrolls fluence of the English translations .sent the Pilwere almost worshiped; later the Septuagint grim fathers to North America, and has reached translation was more widely distributed; then out to Australia, New Zealand and other lands came the addition of New Testament manuscripts colonized by the British. It has had a marvelous and their acceptance by Christians in Europe, effect not only in the formation of strong char- North Africa and Western Asia. The Reformation acter and high ideals but has helped to bind Engand the invention of printing from type led to the lish-speaking people together by ties of brothertranslation and publication of the whole Bible for hood – in spite of differences in theology and popular use, until now it is translated into nearly church polity and places of residence. 1,000 languages and dialects and every year more copies of this book are sold and distributed than A representative National Committee of wellof multitudes of "best sellers" combined. Last known Christian leaders has been formed to sponyear the Bible Societies and private publishers sor the commemoration. This committee includes printed .and sold over 30,000,000; this is no sud- college presidents, clergymen, scientists, editors, den spurt but every year shows a similar record. authors, business men and statesmen. Additional Probably in the past 100 years not less than four state, city and denominational committees will hundred and seventy-five million copies of Bibles carry out plans for celebrating the anniversary in and New Testaments have been sold in many coun- various localities. The purpose of the celebration tries and tongues. This is in spite of the fact that is to call wide attention to the supreme value and a large part of the Christian world (Roman Cath- great influence of the English Bible so as to proolics and Eastern sects) have not been encouraged mote more diligent reading and study of its mesto possess and read the sacred Scriptures. sage and to increase its distribution in all homes. It is proposl2d to have many public celebrations on On October 4, 1935, will be celebrated the four a nation-wide scale between October 4th and Dehundredth anniversary of printing the first com- cember 8th which latter date will be observed as plete Bible in English-Myles Coverdale's translation of 1535. This has had a profound effect, Universal Bible Sunday.* especially on English-speaking people, on their • Printed matter for use in these celebrations may be obtained from the American Bible Society, Astor Place, New York.

Ways of

'Tested Methods for Increasing Interest at Home EDITED BY MRS. ESTELLA S. AITCHISON, GRANVILLE, OHIO ~'=I= = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = CONCERNING THE kindling the imagination and ments, such as: A penny for each giving occasion and lure for the inch of your waist measure, COLLECTION endeavor. The manner of han- your foot measure, your arm dling them determines whether length, your stature, or even the As an orator, money must be or not they shall become spir- circumference of your cranium. a spell-binder, for volumes have itualized and do their bit toward The woman's society to which been written on the subject of shaping up the stewardship ideal your editor belongs put nearly shrewd ways in which to lure that must always be our goal. $90.00 into an empty treasury funds out of unwilling pockets, Here the benevolence committee last fall by stature measureparticularly since the onset of may do its formative work. ments – and there was not an the depression. It seems a far Among these plans – good and Amazon among us either. A cry from the ideal motivation of indifferent – which have been spiritualizing note may be given stewardship to commercialized sent in for use in this Depart- by quoting the Scripture regardchurch money-raising in the ment, are what may be classed as ing the impossibility of adding a name of missions; but one who cubit to one's stature by "taking is accustomed to fearlessly fac- Culinary Benevolences thought"-and yet one may ining the facts hesitates to sweep definitely extend the mission aside everything but ideal meth- A Gold and Silver Cake: This cause by matching inches with ods until patient education in may be served as the dessert at money, etc. Similar plans are systematic and proportional giv- a banquet or as a climax to a hinged upon one's weight, age ing under the urge of steward- benevolence program. A wooden (and how many Methusalehs ship has had time to do its work. cake is done in silver or gold may be discovered in our midst Out of the sobering experience paint, or a large nan covered in the course of hiding the exact as a pastor's wife, your Editor with similarly tinted paper, with age successfully, although one could tell many a tale of wives wooden or stiff cardboard top woman of the writer's acquaintwhose husbands allowed them no cut to fit snugly. Holes may be ance put in 20 cents, when she spending money of their own made in this top to receive as had grown sons and daughters, (for alas! the marriage cere- many candles as you think the thus breaking the record of mony too often fails to make the audience can replace with dol- early fertility even among the twain "one" in the pocketbook!), lars (or any coin determined Hindus!). Various other parts and whose benevolent impulses upon). Take pledges by lighting of the human anatomy may drove them to hide behind the a candle for each such sum con- doubtless be valuable to hinge grocery or the dry goods bill in tributed. by promise or other- sacrificial giving upon, if the contributing a cake, a dozen rolls wise. It is surprising how the mainspring of stewardship be or an embroidered scarf for the lure of getting all those candles church sale. Such sources of lighted will lead the audience on. weak. generosity must not be tolerated permanently, but shall we ab- Making a Missionary Cake: Opportune Benevolences ruptly dry them up before we State the snecific object and the have done our best to remove the goal in dollars and cents. Pass These owe their captivating cause of the detour? This is a around a big, yellow mixing bowl lure to the capitalizing of occaserious question and applies far to receive the nledges and ready sions, events, circumstances, and more widely than you kindly, cash. Carry this to the kitchen may be made beautiful in humane husbands imagine. . and presently return with a large symbolism and suggestiveness. cake having as many lighted Among them are the love gifts There are, however, Border- candles on it as the returns in at Christmas time, the gratitude line B enevolences-way-stations terms of dollars (or quarters, if gifts of Thanksgiving and the enroute to the higher goal – of <resources are modest) .have war- sacrificial gifts of Easter. Then which some good may be said. ranted. there are Calico Year (or lunch- Among these are many pictur- eons) to utilize depression valesque plans for coaxing pennies, Biological Benevolences ues, the attire of the membership nickels and dimes out of their and the bringing of offerings in hiding which do their work by in which pennies or dimes are calico pockets to intimate that matched with human measure- [363 ]

economy should not begin with tionable way-stations en route to This Grace Also (John E. Simpson), the Christian Stewardship goal. $1.00 and 60 cents. the House of the Lord; Poverty Among the inspirational figures Order from your own denomina- Luncheons, wherein the mem- of thought may be mentioned the tional Board of Education, or from the bership are asked to "cut out Blessing Boxes into which a coin Baptist Department of Missionary what they crave and serve only Education (whose list this is by rea- what they need"; Treasure is dropped with the recognition son of recommendation, not author- ship), 152 Madison Ave., New York Hunts to gather up silver and of each one of life's special benegold ornaments for sale to ac- fits; the Sunshine Boxes receiv- City. Why not have a class in Stewardcumulate missionary funds at ing their coins on all the sunny ship in your annual School of Mis- such times as the Government days; the Silver Offering boxes sions?

advertises to buy the precious during depressing times with the A Benevolence Prescription metals, etc. Birthday offerings, keynote, "Every cloud has its particularly when funds other- silver lining"; Building-the-Wall Are you in low spirits about wise expended upon gifts are di- Blocks hinging upon a devotional the financial condition of your verted at the request of the in- theme concerning Nehemiah's church or your missionary entertended recipients into benevolent great achievement (Neh. 2: 17) ; prise? The Christian Leader, an channels, are of real consecra- the boxes kept in the center of organ of the Universalist denomtional values. An annual birth- the dining table and receiving ination, published not long since day party held by any given theIr sustenance whenever grace a story about Horace Greeley group features a central recep- is said before meals, and all the which it had found in The tacle in which little bags are long line of offering receptacles Watchman -Examiner. It ran dropped (containing pennies patterned after some feature of thus: equal to the age of each giver), the Home or Foreign field being Horace Greeley at the height of his the months being called in con- studied. As a rule, the spiritual power as editor of The New York nection with some program feature characteristic of May immaturity of a Christian may Tribune, received a letter from a flowers, June brides, July pa- be gauged with some accuracy woman who reported that her church by the degree in which it is was in a desperate plight. Its finances were in bad shape. The young people triotism, etc., and the intermit- necessary to loosen his purse were deserting it. The community tent procession formed accord- strings by means of devices. had apparently lost all interest in it. ingly. Second-Mile Donors are But let us frankly face local con- The church members had tried every ditions as they are and do the asked for (and maybe formed device they could think of – fairs, strawberry festivals, oyster suppers, into a league or club) on occa- best we can while setting about turkey dinners, Japanese weddings, sions when apportionments have a vigorous campaign of steward- poverty socials, donkey parties, mock not been met by regular sub- ship education that shall lead to- marriages, concerts and the like, and scriptions so that many must ward the Every-Member Can- all to no effect. Could Mr. Greeley suggest some new device for keeping make an over-and-above offer- vass with consecrated personnel the struggling church from going to ing. This, too, has its spiritual definitely set apart annually in pieces? e c hoe·s. A Gift-of-the-Month some spiritual ceremonial. Us- The great edi,tor's advice was Club has similarly been formed ing the Chest-of-Joash idea and brief but to the point, and most among Ohio Baptists because having the entire membership suggestive: "Why Not Try Remissionary funds fall so far march past a chest at the altar ligion?" short of field needs. Cunning and place subscription cards or devices in the way of Indian funds therein has been a means Capitalizing Birthdays moccasins to receive the offering of grace in many a church. For more than 30 years birth- during a period when the Amer- Stewardship Books day offerings have been a regican Indian is being studied; ular feature in the Sunday Japanese fans or Oriental trin- for use in group or private read- School of the Congregational kets in the course of this year's ing, in pulpit or prayer service, study, and the like have telling are: church of New Hampton, Iowa. effects upon the purse strings of The plan was adopted in resome people, and seem unob- Money-the Acid Test (David Mc- sponse to an appeal for funds to jectionable. Then there is the Conaughey), 35 cents. help in building a mission school great matter of The Sharing Life (Ralph S. Cush- in Africa, sent by a missionary Mite Box Benevolences man), 25 cents. belonging to the church. Her Jesus' Teaching on the Use of Money friends cast about for some way (Ina C. Brown), 50 cents. of complying with the request.

From the pure idealist's stand- Christian Materialism (new in Oc- After discussing various ways and means, the birthday plan point they might be considered tober) (Bishop McConnell). Junior Stewards of the Bible (Helen was adopted. This plan was exstumblingblocks rather than of- K. Wallace), 75 cents. plained to the children – just fering boxes, in the way that Stewardship in the Life of Youth where the money was to go and "The good is often the enemy of (Williamson and Wallace), $1.00 the best," and impulse giving is and 50 cents. what was to be done with it- and they soon became very enallowed to take the place of pay- Stewardship Parables of Jesus (R. C. thusiastic. They not 0 n I y ing on principle. But surely Long), $1.00. they are one of the least objec- Money Power (Chas. A. Cook), $1.00. brought their own pennies but

EFFECTIVE WAYS OF WORKING

they got after their fathers and narily under this plan the amount con- with the national organization mothers, sisters and brothers tributed is about one-tenth of the total and expanding through the use and insisted that they all cele- church budget. . . . This sum includes of the Study Book, "Orientals in brate their birthdays by making all of their giving to specific objects American Life," into interracial a contribution proportional to as well as their contributions to cur- and international fellowship, their years, to the Sunday rent expenses. The advantages of the thus tying together into one har- School. plan are as follows: monious whole individual, or- ganizational and human inter- These birthday funds were Youth becomes church-conscious and ests. augmented by offerings on spe- missionary-minded through a study of cial days, such as Christmas, the activities supported by the budget. The ship motif made possible Easter, Lincoln's birthday and The educational program provides many interesting innovations in Children's Day. At the end of courses in the history and organiza- program planning and nautical the year it was discovered that tion of the denomination and in the terminology lent itself to a vathe church was able to send $100 practice of stewardship through "My riety of uses. Above is a reproto Africa. Responsibility" and other courses duction of the "Nautical Chart" graded for the various age groups. (Achievement Poster) which The plan worked so well that Wherever possible projects are fol- was used by the local units. The it has been continued. Each lowed out by youth to make the causes chart was displayed at the regyear $100 are sent to missions they support meaningful. The use of ular meetings each month and by the Sunday School alone, so still and moving pictures, dramatics proved not only an attractive dethat in the last 30 years our little and exhibits helps to make clear the vice but a helpful instrument in school-never over 100 pupils- values in the church program. stimulating the local society to has given some $3,000 to mis- attempt certain definite goals. sions. Properly used information and ac- These charts were sent out with tivities generate enthusiasm. This in the regular study course. Many became so interested turn, is a means of solving the p;obthat they continue to send their lem of holding young people in the Accompanying the chart were offerings long after they move church and increasing or maintaining eight gummed red arcs shaped to away. Contributions are being their giving. Experience has shown fit exactly into the numbered received each year from friends that the plan also develops leadership. white spaces below the points of in many states, even as far west the star. As a goal was reached as California. The first of each For information, address The Youth the red arc carrying the number month the names of all whose Budget Plan Committee, General natal days are to occur in that Council, 156 Fifth Ave., New York corresponding to the one in the month are placed on a black- City. white space on the chart was board; and when the contribu- placed in its proper position. tion is made, the amount is re- Fellowship Year When all the goals were achieved corded opposite the appropriate these arcs formed a colorful name. Many of the older pupils "Fellowship," the theme chosen border around the eight-pointed by The Forward Looking Comand adults do not limit their con- mittee of the Woman's Home tributions to the number of their Missionary Society of the Methyears, so the offerings run from odist Episcopal Church for 1934- 1935 had as its objective pro- 25 cents to $1.00. moting fellowship with God, fel- lowship with one another in the The plan has not only enabled local church, a closer fellowship the Sunday School to make its annual contribution to missions but it has been a joy and a delight to all who participate in it.

W. D. SPIKER, Pastor.

The Youth Budget Plan The Presbyterian tells of a way in which youth may become interested in the Church and share in its activities. It says: The Church becomes meaningful to young people as they enjoy its privi- leges and help to meet its problems. Under the Youth Budget Plan those from eight to twenty-three years of age take a definite share in supporting church expenses and benevolences through a pledge of systematic giving and the use of weekly envelopes. In other words, youth "stakes a claim"

and takes a share in the church life through service and giving. Ordi- Courtesy of Woma1l1's Home Mi8$ions

star gIvmg a striking appear- adapted to local conditions and a placard before each appearance) ance to the whole. At the center needs. The theme supplies the and tell their main features. A very the cross and the flag encircled anatomy. taking open meeting. Program leadby a wreath of laurel represents ers as "librarians," and luncheon comthe insignia of the society. It The figure of the journey is mittee serving at a "cafeteria." gives another touch of color as well as a symbolic significance always an attractive one, being 7. Trails through Our Denominato the chart. dynamic with suggested activity. tional Fields. A program devoted to the specific fields of the church, with To keep the year's goals be- Here is a brand new one : map talk, the refreshments being a fore the constituency and to pre- paddyfield luncheon and the leaders vent the auxiliary from being A Year's Journey on the trail-breakers. "at sea" regarding the use of the chart, a cut of the chart ap- King's Highway 8. Journey's End: We Unpack Our peared each month in the so- Baggage. Possibly annual business ciety's official organ, "Woman's An highway shall be there, and meeting with reports harmonized with Home Missions," with a few per- a way, and it shall be called The the dominant figure and the leaders as tinent paragraphs regarding the Way of Holiness. In all thy baggage masters. A station lunch next goal to be achieved. In ad- ways acknowledge Him and He counter may be arranged as at the bedition the editorial page pre- shall direct thy paths. ginning. sented regularly for several months messages under such 1. We Gather for the Journey (au- 9. Travelogues and Curios for Our headings as "C h art i n g the tumn rally, with luncheon or supper). Friends. Exhibit of articles from Course" and "Cruising the C's." Each department head or leader gives mission fields, with informal story- The subject matter of these edi- a forecast of plans for the year, and telling to incorporate the subject mattorials was of a practical and in- an inspirational address incites to ac- ter and describe the various peoples forming nature, which proved tion along whatever lines are to be thus exploited. Leaders as "narrahelpful both to the officers and majored, with Christian social service tors" and refreshments as a "cosmothe constituency. The Study along the Home Mission study theme politan luncheon." Course booklets were titled: prominent. Travelers' songs and spe- cial music. Luncheon or supper com- 10. Gifts for Companions of the The Com pas s (devotional mittee designated as providing "the Road. A shower or summer Christunit) , station lunch counter," and program mas tree or some other plan to gather leaders as tourist agents. Tourist supplies for some definite worker or The Charted Course (educa- tickets with the rest of the year's top- field, or for an outgoing missionary. tional and social unit), ics built in like sections of a folder may be used if desired. Some may If tourist nomenclature is desired, The auxiliary Book of Plans wish to semidramatize with station designate the president as the Eagle published each year as a hand- features. Scout, the first vice-president as Bookbook for local auxiliary officers, ing Agent, the second as Merry Maker committee chairmen and leaders 2. We Explore the Homeland. Use (social leader), the third (if she has of local young people's and ju- the Home Mission theme with which- charge of making hospital supplies, nior groups bore the caption, The ever study book is desired, dramatiz- etc.) as Equipment Officer, the re- Official Log. ing its main points or dividing the cording secretary as the Tourist principal subject matter up into a Scribe, the corresponding secretary as These plans together with the series of short talks after the relay the Lookout, the treasurer as Purser, many original and clever ideas fashion of a race or journey. Ma- the study or reading chairman as that the conference, district and terial on pioneers (see the June RE- Baedeker Guide, the music chairman auxiliary officers projected made VIEW, pp. 266 and 303, also its other as Cheer Leader, the house or kitchen Fellowship Year a voyage of en- Home Mission articles) will furnish chairman as Porter, the civics chairchantment and discovery. sidelights. Luncheon committee as man as S;tfety Agent, the membership commissary agents and program lead- chairman as Advance Agent and the MRS. V. F. DEVINNY, ers as scouts. publicity chairman as Reporter.

National Corresponding Sec- 3. Highways and By-Ways in the Churches having an annual school retary in charge of Pro- Sunny Southland. Similar use of the of missions never can count on any- motion. Foreign Mission theme, Latin-Amer- thing like a· full enrollment from the ica. Spanish music, costuming, etc., various units in the organization; so READY-TO-USE MATERIAL may give color. Luncheon by "tortilla some such bird's-eye view of the lead- vendors" and program by "Spanish ing study books as the foregoing out- Many requests come to this guides." Decorate with Mexican and line affords puts the woman's or the Department for themes for year Cuban curios. young people's society into touch with books, series of programs, com- the themes which are so largely feaplete outlines, etc.; and while it 4. On the Trail of the Wise Men. tured in current missionary magazine is difficult for the Editor to re- Christmas meeting with suitable can- literature. spond individually, the following tata or other dramatic program, posare submitted for adaptation sibly put on by girls' or at least young REASONS FOR TITHING among those who find their own people's organization. Program leadprogram building difficult. A ers as "followers of the Star." 1. The tenth of one's net income is year's outline, with its connect- a fair minimum for proportionate giving vertebrre in place, is easily 5. Fun and Fellowship with Other ing. World Travelers. ' An all-church din- ner sponsored by the missionary or- 2. The tithe is a Scriptural stand- ganization in question, with tables for ard. Love gifts should not be less than fields and real or impersonated mis- the old legal requirement. sionary workers as hosts and host- esses. Short addresses, intermingled 3. The tithe helps the tither keep ac- with wholesome merrymaking. – curate accounts and encourages bud- geting. 6. We Visit the Animated Library. Book review meeting cast in mold of 4. The needs of a large community tourists' exploration of library, a make it imperative that there should selection of standard missionary books be more generous giving by Chris- being made for impersonations; or tians. have the books step out of a frame made to represent the cover of a vol- 5. It makes giving a principle, and ume (its name being hung on door as not a spasmodic expression.

6. It establishes one as a financial steward and a partner with God.

-Epworth Tidings, Rangoon. BULLETIN OF The Council of Women for Home Missions ANNE SEESHOLTZ, EXECUTIVE SECRETARY, 105 EAST TWENTY-SECOND STREET, NEW YORK THE STUFF THAT PATRI- zen's soul, would be to write out profit our nation if it gain num- OTS ARE MADE OF! in 300 words why he 'knows he bers and riches, and lose the is a patriot, and then grade him- sense of the living God and the Faith, Hope, Love – and the self in the light of the Declara- joy of human brotherhood? greatest of these is Love! tion of Independence. Make us determined to live by Faith of our fathers who How long since each of us has truth and not by lies, to found founded America with toil and read the Declaration of Inde- our common life on the eternal tribulation, dreaming of reli- pendence? How many of us foundations of righteousness and gious liberty and political free- know every word of Lincoln's love, and no longer to prop the dom was good stuff. Like an- Gettysburg speech? How many tottering house of wrong by cient leaders of men, they came of us pray daily that those who legalized cruelty and force. not knowing whither, and they fell in the World War shall not endured because of the vision of have died in vain? How many Help us to make the welfare a new country where men 'and of us pray individually and col- of all the supreme law of our women, young and old, should lectively that the President and land, that so our commonwealth dwell happily and rightly with Congress may be given the wis- may be built strong and secure each other. dom from God in casting their on the love of all its citizens. votes which determine the course The faith and hope of our of the nation? Do we take our Cast down the throne of mamearly patriots were sustained not American citizenship seriously mon who ever grinds the life of by love of adventure and of find- enough? Of such stuff patriots men, and set up thy throne, 0 ing gold but love for family and are made. Christ, for thou didst die that love for God as the Divine Fa- men might live. ther, who is righteous and FOR THE KINGDOM OF would not forsake them but Show thy erring children at dwelt in their midst as they GOD last the way from the City of created the new country-a de- Destruction to the City of Love, mocracy in form, out of the stuff o Christ, thou hast bidden us and fulfill the longings of the of everyday faithfulness to the prophets of humanity. Our best ways of living. The failure to pray for the coming of thy Master, once more we make thy of one person or of a single Father's kingdom, in which his faith our prayer: "Thy kinggroup was to the harm of all. righteous will shall be done on dom come! Thy will be done on And the will to live rightly and earth. We have treasured thy earth !" happily was to the good of all. words; may we not forget their meaning, and may thy great WALTER RAUSCHENBUSCH. These early patriots of ours hope never grow dim in thy did not always agree. They were Church. WHY WARS MUST CEASE not alike. There was no one pattern of behavior, but love of We bless Thee for the inspired A Book That Belongs in Every the new country, and hope for souls of all ages who saw afar Thinking Citizen's Library what the new nation might be- the shining City of God, and by come possessed the most of them. faith left the profit of the pres- I. Because If We Do Not Destroy And we love them for their faith, ent to follow their vision. We War Now, War Will Destroy hope and love which gave them rejoice that today the hope of Us-Garrie Ghapman Gatt. the necessary fortitude. Are we these lonely hearts is becoming more' patriotic making great the clear faith of millions. II. Because the War Idea Is Obnoise on July fourth than in solete – Mrs. Franklin D. knowing the price paid by the Help us, 0 Lord, in the cour- Roosevelt. early patriots? age of faith to seize what has now come so near, that the glad III. Because Wars Waste Human It might be well to test our- day of God may dawn at last. Life-Mary E. Woolley. selves today by knowing if we As we have mastered nature that can sing all the stanzas of the we might gain wealth, help us IV. Because Wars Cost Too Much national anthem. A further pa- now to master the social rela- -Mrs. William Brown Metriotic exercise, good for the citi- tions of mankind that we may loney. gain justice and a world of brothers. For what shall it V. Because Wars Produce Eco- nomic C h a 0 s – Florence [367 ] Brewer Boeckel.

VI. Because in War You Never Know What You Are Fight- ing For-Emily Newell Blair. VII. Because Wars Unleash De- nation as a whole. Not only is God, and the means by which the VIII. moralizing Instincts – Judge the contribution made by the Christ-life is imparted to those Florence E. Allen. Church to the nation's life clari- in the nation who have it not." IX. fied but the book furnishes ma- X. Because Every War Breeds terial showing the changed con- A discussion outline is being Another War – Dr. Ali c e ditions which the Church in prepared by Dr. Kenneth Dexter Hamilton. Miller to be used in connection America must face today, and with a study of "Toward a Chris- Because War Handicaps the the unfinished and continuing tian America." It begins with Evolution of Civilization- task of the Church. Some one consideration of the local church –Jane Adda1ns. has defined both the local church and then leads into study of our and "the Church in America" "a national problems and programs In Conclusion – Dorothy Can- school for training Christians in the knowledge and service of of Christian service. field Fisher. "Christian Youth in Action," This book was written for prepared by Dr. Frank W. Herthe National Committee on the riott, should be read by all who Cause and Cure of War com- study "Toward a C h r i s t ian America." The story is based on posed of eleven national women's concrete programs of service alorganizations, of which the ready begun by the young peo- Council of Women for Home Missions is one. ple of the churches. Order texts from above ad- "Toward a Christian America," the home mission study text dress. Do serve your country written by Dr. Hermann N. now "while it is yet day!" Morse is a statesmanlike review of the work of the church in the CHRIST'

POTE NT IN LI FE .TO-DAY Used by permis~on. 01 the Women's Missionary SoCiety of the U1IIited Lutheran. Church in. America

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~I~

Our World–wide Outlook A Missionary Newspaper of Current Events ISLANDS OF THE PACIFIC noon. The Batangas week-day Student Center Church (Baptist Progress in New Guinea kindergarten had a successful Mission) go out to teach Sunday In 1933 two missionaries rep- year, with 26 enrolled. In Min- schools in nine different districts resenting the American Lutheran Mission and that of Neuen- doro a fine bit of pioneering of LaPaz, Philippine Islands. dettelsau undertook an aeroplane flight to investigate the work is being done by Mr. and The average attendance is 235 territory between the Hagen and the Bismark Mountains, an area Mrs. Hernandes. There are nine pupils, or about 26 in each said to be inhabited by about 200,000 people. In 1934 the churches and groups with the school. In some places where same missionaries undertook a new exploration on foot. They work centering in the capital, the Sunday school has continued were joined by four more missionaries and about one hundred Calapan. Recently the pastor for three or more years, the atnatives who had been sent out by the Christian congregation. opened up work in Abra de Ilog, tendance is very regular and the They reached the area after a march of two weeks, and were a town which has to be reached interest good. In one instance received in a friendly manner. from Batangas by boat, as the during the Christmas vacation In the Gafuka valley they found wild tribes, and had much town is inaccessible over land when the teacher was absent, one to suffer from thievery. In other places they were amazed at find- from Calapan. The pastor, his boy decided to hold a Sunday ing populous settlements, large dwellings scattered in between wife, and a member made the school himself. He called the the cultivated fields. Many kinds of palm trees and other fruit trip in a very small mail boat children together, opened the trees had been planted. In the Ganj Valley they found a popu- which makes the trip once a service with songs that they lation that manufactured beautiful sharp stone axes. On the week. They were 23 hours in knew, and then told them Bible whole this area shows fine progress and beside the Neuendettel- covering about 15 miles. Despite stories which he had learned in sau missionaries, there are 13 former missionaries of the Rhen- the hardship of the trip, the vis- ' his class. -Missions. ish Mission working under the American Lutheran Mission. it of ten days was fruitful, and Progress in Batangas, P. I. 38 people accepted Christ. They Christianity in Java are now planning to erect a The churches in Batangas, P. chapel. From Jidda comes an an- 1., have shown continued prog- nouncement that the number of ress. The 14 churches and five -Philippine Presbyterian. pilgrims to Mecca is not likely to Christian groups make this prov- be above 25,000 this year, a very ince strongly evangelical. In De- Relics of Ancient Faith cember a two-day program of worship and religious education Easter Island is a lonely isle great decrease in the usual numwas given in Batangas City. ber. The number from Java is in the Pacific 2,300 miles west of not expected to be above 1,000. During the year the Batangas Chile and equally remote from Until the past few years one church formed a gospel team and any other land, and is one of the third of all pilgrims to Mecca organized three village Sunday most famous islands on the globe came from Java, whose populaschools which meet in the after- tion is 40,000,000, all Moslems, because of its great stone idols with few exceptions. This de- cut out of a near-by crater and crease of Mecca pilgrims is dragged down to the coast, probably due chiefly to economic conditions. where they are set on pedestals to the number of a hundred or more. They range from small statues to giants 20 feet high, The first Christian converts in and are carved into grotesque Java were made in 1830, through forms. The island now has four the efforts of a Dutch Baptist hundred Pacific islanders and a missionary. After allowing for dozen Europeans, but the origi- the Christians who have come nal inhabitants have long since from elsewhere, such as the vanished and left no trace as to Chinese converts, there are now whence they came and whither in Java over 60,000 Christians they went. The idols are pathet- of Islamic origin. A new sphere ic relics ot an ancient and for- of work has its center at Malang, . gotten faith and worship. -Presbyterian Banner. where ten years ago there were Boy Holds Sunday School no Christians. A h 0 s pit a 1, schools and a theological school were built. The number of Every Sunday morning at C h r i s t ian s there has now seven o'clock, 21 members of the reached 500, and there are about [369 ]

fifty adult baptisms every year. tories, three chapels for the for- in the solution of their problems. The Oxford Group Movement eign-born and underprivileged, In spite of a rainy night, the has been adapted with some suc- three convalescent and fresh-air church was filled. The pastor of cess among theological students. homes, the community center of the church, Rev. R. Walter An- God's Providence House, the derson, preached on the subject, -Baptist Missionary temporary shelter of St. Barna- "Man and Religion." Review. bas' House, and the Goodwill In- dustries, with their workshop The spirit of the service was Two Hundred Years of Service and four stores. In addition, marked by a deep reverence, in- there is work in connection with dicating that the people were Rev. M. K. Gilmour, President the Potters' Field, the immigra- reaching out for God. One of of the New South Wales Confer- tion station at Ellis Island, and the department heads, who is an ence, Methodist Church, on the courts of domestic relations; Episcopalian, attended the serv- March 7th, entertained past and besides the vast amount of field ice, and had much to do with the present members of the Papua work, and relief. On an annual planning of it. He said: "Un- District Mission staff – a group budget of $325,000, it is note- less we get back to God, industry which aggregated 200 years of worthy that last year's deficit is sunk." -The Presbyterian. service among Papuans. The was only a little over $5,000. combined years of Rev. and Mrs. To Win Railway Men Gilmour's service totals 66. Mr. Temperance Foundation Gilmour established a record for The National Christiim Railservice in a malarial district, A Temperance E d u cat ion way Men's Association has been having served over thirty years Foundation has been formed to established by a former railway in Papua. He saw large areas promote education "on all phases employee, with a view to reachreclaimed fro m heathenism, of the alcohol problem, includ- ing some of the 1,000,000 railwork consolidated and institu- ing research and collection of way men of the United States, tions created. data and the dissemination of in- in shop meetings, by tract dis- formation on the nature and ef- tribution and by personal soul NORTH AMERICA fect of, the manufacture of, the winning. Christian Railway use of, and the traffic in, bever- Men's Messenger is the title of a Moral Decadence age alcohol, together with the little paper at 50 cents a year, problems arising therefrom." 20 copies for $1. Those particu- Secretary of State Cor dell larly interested in this move- Hull, is reported in the New The plans for the Foundation ment for Christian work among York Times as saying that there include the pUblication of a new railway men should address Mr. has been more or less of a de- monthly magazine, support of Joseph T. Larson at 3033 Columcline in all the human standards the International Student, for bus Avenue, Minneapolis, Min- -political, social and economic, educational work in colleges and nesota. and occasionally religious. Be- universities, and continuation of sides extreme nationalism, he the Scientific Temperance J our- -Watchman-Examiner. listed as the more serious dan- nal, formerly published by the gers, the "failure to observe Scientific Temperance Federa- Brooklyn's Negro Churches fundamentals," and the "neglect tion, which is expected to act as by our people of the plainest the research department of the Brooklyn, N. Y., has 98 Negro duties of citizenship." Foundation. churches under various denomi- nations, to accommodate the es- It will be remembered that Dr. Ernest H. Cherrington for timated Negro population of Herbert Hoover, in reply to an many years the General Secre- 75,000. About seven in every inquiry as to the cause of the tary of the W 0 rId Lea g u e ten Negroes attending church wave of lawlessness which was Against Alcoholism, interprets are Baptists. Less than 40 per sweeping over the United States, the chief function of the Founda- cent of Brooklyn's entire popuanswered: "It is not a crime tion as influencing leaders of lation are church members, yet wave; it is a subsidence of the thought and action. it has been called "the city of moral foundations of the na- churches." tion." -Federal Council Bulletin. -The Churchman. New York City Mission Industry's Way Out Training for Prison Chaplains The annual report of the New Recently a significant service York City Mission Society shows was held in the First Presby- The Federal Bureau of Pristhe variety and extent of that terian Church of Carlisle, -Pa. ons has made a formal request organization's work. Its activi- The employees of C. H. Masland to the Federal Council SoCial ties cover some seventy centers and Sons, Inc., carpet manufac- Service Secretary, to assume reof human need in three states- turers, desired to have a service sponsibility for the nomination chaplaincies in thirty hospitals, of thanksgiving to God for His and training of chaplains for seven asylums and homes, and kind providence in giving them federal prisons, and for superseventeen prisons and reforma- employment during the depres- vision of their work. Each pris- sion, and looking to Him for help on is to have a staff of special-

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

ists, including a physician and a ical and one lay, were elected to of the Conference, the theme psychiatrist, appointed by the go along with the white dele- "Christ Our Life" was kept in Federal Public Health Service at gates to the provincial synod to the foreground. -Missions. Washington, a psychologist, a be held next fall at Lexington, supervisor of education, a social Ky. There is no separate Negro The Church in Cuba worker, a librarian and the Episcopal Church, a fact which For more than four years, chaplain. It is the desire of the makes for better relations be- over half the population of Cuba Bureau that religion shall be tween the races. has gone to bed with apprehen- sion of what the morning would made a greater and more com- -Christian Century. bring, but the National Church petent force in the restoration of has set itself to be unmoved by the prisoners. The chaplain will LATIN AMERICA these conditions and the leaderhave responsibility for the con- ship is entirely Cuban. Young Pastors in Mexico people have pushed a forward duct of worship, religious educa- youth movement under the name tion and personal counselling in The Mexican situation places "National Union of Christian the field of religion, and will in- more responsibility upon Mex- Endeavor in Cuba." ican pastors, and their taking terview incoming prisoners on over the missionaries' functions In the University of Havana a their religious background and shuts the mouths of those who group of Christian students attitudes. (Why not do more to insist that Mexican Protestants rented a house during the past are a disloyal advance guard of year and have offered the ineducate the youth in Christian American penetration and con- fluences of a Christian home to principles before they reach the quest. Christians of the City of prisons?) -Federal Council Bulletin.

River Mission Boat Mexico held daily prayer meet- boys from the interior. ings for three weeks in the large There has been no sweeping Rev. E. W. Mellichampe, rec- Presbyterian church, before the evangelistic movement during tor of St. John's Church, Helena, inauguration of the new Presi- the past year, and no place where Arkansas, after a trip into the dent, General Lazaro Cardenas. hundreds of people have been White River country, had a vi- The entire day of the inaugura- brought into the church. But sion of a mission boat that would tion was spent in prayer for him, there has been no let-up in any ply up and down the river and and on that day the agent of the church or mission. There has carry the story of God and His Bible Society, Senor Marroquin, been no Sunday when the Gospel goodness to the neglected people sent him a Bible with a prayer has not been preached by the of that area in the Mississippi that God would bless him as the pastor of the church. River territory. He enlisted the leader of the Mexican people. A distinctly Cuban movement . aid of the local press in explain- That there is sympathy with has been the banding together of ing his plan to the city and the evangelical Christianity is seen national ministers of all denomsurrounding country. He wanted in ex-President Calles' remark: inations. The plan is to carry help, he said, not only from the "The Revolution has turned up the effects of the union through churches and people who were the soil. It is for the Evan- the six provinces of Cuba, and enlisted in Christian work, but gelical Church to sow the seed." unite every Christian influence from all others who believed in for an evangelistic and religious his plan. A boat and pilot were Quest Groups education campaign.

soon supplied. Then Mr. Melli- The last annual Conference of -Women and Missions. champe called together repre- Evangelical Youth of Puerto sentatives of the va rio u s Young Evangelists churches of Helena and formed Rico suffered many handicaps, a working group to take charge one being an influenza epidemic Six lads in Argentina who of planning the work and ex- were led to Christ through the pending the contributions. Mag- which reduced the attendance by instrumentality of their Sunday azines, toys and other things one half: Two of the speakers school teacher, himself converted foreign to the children of the had to be replaced because of ill- in the same school, were desirous lowland country will be distrib- ness; two others had to over- of making known the Gospel to uted. Later, if interest con- come great difficulties to attend. those less privileged than themtinues to grow, it is planned to selves, and arranged to "storm" take a teacher on the boat's voy- However, the Conference touch-: one of the many inland towns ages. -The Living Church. ed 46 young lives from approxi- where no organized Gospel testi- mony exists. Before setting out mately 35 churches of four de- nominations.

A new feature was the organi- Negro Delegates Recognized zation of "Quest Groups." The they assembled for prayer; then, entire student body was divided working two by two, they called History was made at the 1935 into three groups: "Quest for from door to door, delivering convention of the Protestant God," "Quest for Prayer," and their message of truth and love. Episcopal diocese of Mississippi "Quest for Service," and led by In this way they visited every held at Meridian. For the first three professors of the Evan- house in the town. As the shadtime Negro delegates, one cler- gelical Seminary. In every phase ows were lengthening, they met

in the public square, and re- Self-supporting Churches; Scriptures. In recent years counted their several adventures. Lay-workers. there has been a noteworthy in- While they were waiting for Mrs. E. E. Lane, in the Presthe conveyance which was to byterian Survey, discusses these crease in the sales in Ireland; take them back to their city, a in relation to the present day. long train entered the town's EVlfry missionary is a colpor- the circulation in 1930 was 83,- station. The boys recognized in teur. In a remote section a this another opportunity for wit- native said to a believer, "I 654, whereas in each of the last nessing, so they ran along the think I saw your priest going line, and handed Gospels to the through." "How do you know it two years it has been just over passengers at the windows. was my pastor?" replied the be- liever. "Well," was the reply, and just under 100,000 respec- -The Christian. "He had a leather bag tied to his saddle. Only Protestants ride tively. For the year 1933-34 Library for Lepers that way." The Evangelista has four sheets, printed monthly, and more than £3,300 was sent to the Brazil has a new government last year two souls were saved Leper Colony at Pirapitinguy. by that means. During the last British and Foreign Bible So- Christmas funds from the Mis- year Sunday school enrollment sion to Lepers was used to start has gone up by more than a ciety towards translation work a loan library. for the 858 leper thousand, and every Sunday inmates. Rev. W. G. Borchers more than three thousand schol- or for colportage abroad, and the writes: "We used part for New ars study in these schools. Dur- Testaments and Bibles, and the ing 1934 the native churches of Society also supports sixteen colremainder in purchasing other the mission's territory contribvolumes. We raised enough more uted $6,000 for the support of porteurs and Biblewomen – one for a library of 240 books, the their churches, and that out of best we could secure. These 240 deep poverty and want. The in Iraq, six in India, and nine in books have already been bor- Mission's right arm is its lay rowed by the patients a total of force. There are six of these China. -The Christian. 5,000 times, indicating the ap- men who help to cover a vast preciation in which they are A Oommunist's Story held. A former college teacher, are~. a member of the Methodist A disciple of Karl Marx, Church, and another young EUROPE woman patient have had charge steeped in the tenets of the Third of the library. Scores are now Oaring for the Ohildren returning to their homes cured, Internationale, as an official of making room for others to The British Society for the come." Prevention of Curelty to Chil- the British communist party be- dren has passed its jubilee, and came a popular speaker, and "A roof over our heads" in the during fifty years more than four eventually president of the Scotnear future is the hope of the million children have been pro- tish Workers' Party. He served Pirapitinguy leper congregation. tected from ill-treatment. There a 15 months' prison sentence for "At present we preach out in the are 265 inspectors, carefully sedition, after which he became open with no shade and at times chosen and well trained. In one a teacher in the Communist Sunthe sun is very hot for all of us, year the Society interested itself day schools, where children from even in winter." in 74,000 neglected children. It five to fourteen years of age were is not the purpose of the Society taught that there was no God, Taking Stock in Brazil to prosecute offending parents and that all religions were dope. or guardians, but rather to in- Here follows the narrative in his It is now seventy-five years duce them to recognize their re- own words: "One day I attended since the beginning of Presby- sponsibilities. Nevertheless, the the funeral of a young woman, terian Missions in Brazil. It is law punishes callous parents and heard the hymn 'Safe in the interesting to note that the ob- when other influences fail. The Arms of Jesus.' At that mojectives of pioneer missionaries N.S.P.C.C. is supported by vol- ment God spoke to me. My cold, are the same as those of today. untary contributions. logical mind melted in the stream Rev. Asbel Simonton, first Pres- of His love. My conversion canbyterian missionary to Brazil, -The Christian. not be explained in terms of psylisted these objectives as fol- chology; it was a mental revolows: Ireland's Bible Distribution lution, and with it came an overwhelming impulse to tell Strategic Centers; Since its founding in 1806, the others to enter into His service. The Distribution of the Word of God; Hibernian Bible Society, inde- After a year or so of evangelistic Education; pendent auxiliary of the British work, I was appointed mission- Wide Evangelism; and Foreign Bible Society, has ary to the men employed on a .Publication; circulated 7,538,000 copies of the 16-mile tunnel enterprise; no Sunday School Work; light task, for at the peak of the operations I had 2,600 men to minister to, twelve camps over an area of twenty-six miles t6 visit, sick men to call upon and advise, accidents-many of them fatal – to hurry to, helping the doctor in the blackness of' the tunnel, sometimes over our knees in water, but the spiritual re- sponse made it worth while. I well remember a service I held, 1,800 feet above sea-level, at which seven nationalities were

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

represented-Scots, Eng lis h, seeking to conserve the interests 30, 1934. According to this Irish, Welsh, a Frenchman, a German, and a Greek, all bound of Evangelical Christianity in analysis 212 heads "rolled in the together in a common bond of love through Jesus Christ." the country, on a voluntary sand"-the Nazi phrase for be- -The Life of Faith. basis. The only Sunday school headings. More than 13,000 Difficulties in Czechoslovakia in the country is in connection refugees were deprived of their H. Prochazka, head of the with the Mission. Both Greek nationality, and 12,863 persons Baptist Theological Seminary at Prague issues the following Orthodox and Mohammedan were sterilized. Germans served statement: youth attend this school; the at- enough time in prison to aver- The general religious situation in this country is difficult. Our twenty- tendance has now reached 600. age one day for each adult in the seven churches, with 2,800 members have been affected by the economic There are twenty-five classes, country, and prison sentences crisis. They are not supported by the State as so many others are, and they each meeting in a separate room. averaged one for every 203d must fight to live. To show how things are, let me say that the average Owing to the increasing number German. The statistics comprise church is of sixty to one hundred members, made up of working people in the of young people seeking admis- only legal penalties inflicted by town churches and of small farmers in the country. The latter have heavy sion, it is necessary to hold the courts and do not take account of debts on their property – fifty to eighty per cent. They do their best school in two sessions. Since the extra-legal acts of violence, such but they cannot contribute very much. We are happy, however, that there are World's Sunday School Associa- as the killings in the "blood 700 or more young people in our young people's societies. They are effective tion began to cooperate with the purge" and the case of 184 perworkers in the churches and are ready to help. Sunday school work is pro- Mission in 1932, particularly in sons "shot while attempting to gressing. Last year there were over 1,300 children in our Sunday schools. the production of literature for escape." They exclude also the -Watchman-Examiner. scholars and textbooks for teach- .many so-called suicides in con- Mission to Rumania ers, the work has grown in vol- centration camps, and the 49,000 A definite step in the direction ume and influence, and the num- sent to such camps are not inof church unity is seen in the fact that a delegation represent- ber of young people under syste- cluded in the prison figures. ing the Anglican communion is to be sent to Rumania in re- matic teaching increased by fifty As to Soviet Russia, Henri sponse to the invitation of the per cent. -The Christian. Bero, French socialist, reports Patriarch of that country to the Archbishop of Canterbury. The the number executed, so far as invitation grew out of the Lambeth Conference of 1930. Plight of Germany's Christian known, since the Soviet regime came into power: 28 bishops and The Rumanian Church is Non-Aryans probably the largest and strong- higher clergy; 6,778 priests, est of the established state In the German Church conchurches in the Eastern Ortho- troversy and the Nazi persecu- 6,585 school-teachers, 8,800 docdox com m u n ion, having a tion of Jews, the plight of one tors, 51,850 army officers, 200,- strength of some thirteen million large group has been almost 850 policemen and other officials, members. Its theological sem- and 11,488,520 peasants and inary in Bucharest has about 900 overlooked. These are the Chris- artisans. These make the stagstudents and by a church law of tians of Jewish ancestry, whose gering total of 11,726,746 people 1925 every man ordained is re- number is variously estimated at put to death since the Soviet quired to have a university de- regime came into power! Nearly gree. -The Living Church. from one to three millions. To two million more dead than the the world at large this great total killed in the World War. In Albania group are members of the Chris- No mission board has been at tian Church; to the Nazis they work in Albania since the War. The Albania Evangelical Mis- are non-Aryans subject to the Less Anti-Easter Activity sion (Rev. Phineas B. Kennedy), merciless restrictions imposed located at Kortcha, has been upon the Jews. Communist antireligious ac- The plight of this group is tivity in Russia last E as t e r even worse than that of the Jews. showed less vigor than in pre- They have nowhere to turn. The ceding years. Some anti-Easter Nazis have virtually expelled handbills were distributed and a them from the Church. They do few street signs advised the peo- not belong to the synagogue and, ple to keep away from church, unlike the Jews, cannot find in but radio broadcasts ignored the the synagogue or in the Jewish subject. The thirty-five churches communal organizations a haven which are all that remain of the thousand that once dotted Mos- of refuge. -Presbyterian Tribune. cow were filled to overflowing for the Russian Easter, and there Nazi and Soviet Toll of Life were great crowds-some num- bering as high as 2,000-stand- The New York Times recently ing patiently in the churchyards published the results of an anal- in an intermittent drizzle. A ysis made by the Vienna Tele- conservative estimate would be graf of official German figures that 75,000 residents of Moscow showing the toll of life and lib- participated in the Easter cele- erty during one year of Nazi bration. Three-fourths of the rule from June 30, 1933, to June worshipers were women.

So strong is the Easter spirit Survey of the many diverging Sefula, and the foreign missionin Russia that even some good influences and counter attrac- ary work of a native church, communists observed the tradi- tions which follow the inroads of under the teaching and cooperational customs of feasting and civilization in Africa, and their tion of white missionaries, bevisiting, only the Easter cakes effect upon the African's re- gan. This event Europeans and were not blessed by a priest. sponse to the Gospel. He says: natives will commemorate, each -New York Times. There has never been so much zeal in their own way. The Euro- pean memorial will take the form AFRICA manifested on the part of native lead- of a marble tablet at Sefula to ers and teachers for reaching the lost. Land of the Blind Never before have the laymen shown Coillard who labored 43 years in South Africa. The natives wish An Arab paper, EI-Ahram, such a desire to do personal work and to erect an obelisk with their last year stated that Egypt to witness for Christ. Many have might aptly be called "the land been so Spirit-filled that they have own labor on the spot where his of the blind." Figures justify wagon halted. -Life of Faith. gone from house to house and from village to village in groups, holding meetings, talking to individuals and this statement. There is more seeking the unsaved. Hundreds of backsliders have returned to the Lord Glad to Be a Leper blindness in Egypt in proportion and rededicated their lives to him. Among forty-nine dismissed to the size of the population than Last year was the banner year in in any other country in the soul-winning. There were 4,398 bap- as free from leprosy from the world. The above – mentioned tisms reported. A convert is not bap- Elat station last year was Rev. paper gives the following start- Ndenga Pipa, the second oldest ling figures regarding the num- tized immediately upon conversion. native minister in that district. ber of blind persons per thou- Before he is received into the church For many years he served as a sand of the population in several by baptism and admitted to the com- preacher of the Gospel. When important countries: the discovery that he was a leper munion table, the convert must prove sentenced him to live in the leper Egypt…………………. 12.0 himself worthy of the fellowship. colony, he said, "I give God Russia, India, and Japan. . . . . 1.4 Here are some of the requirements: thanks that He has sent this Italy, Spain, Bulgaria …….. 1.1 (1) To be able to explain the plan thing to show me more fields to England, Switzerland, Rumania .7 labor in for Him." After a France, Germany, America … .6 of salvation; (2) faithful attendance Austria, Holland, Belgium …. , .4 upon the catechumen classes and church services; (3) bring at least one soul to Christ; (4) regular con- tributor to the church; (5) memorize the Catechism and pass examination The number of totally blind in same (this is not required of the matchless record of helpfulness persons in Egypt is given as old people); (6) be able to read, if to his fellow leper patients he 148,000, while the number of has now returned to his former those partially blind reaches a only slightly, from the Bible. The ministry in the towns along the much higher figure. For the ma- real test, of course, is the acceptance Cameroun coast. jority there is no recourse ex- of Jesus as Saviour, and the testimony of the believer's life in the village -Without the Camp.

where he lives.

cept charity of relatives or of the A Notable Jubilee In Nyasaland public. Until recently there was In August at the town of Nyasaland, for the small size less public activity on behalf of Sefula, Barotseland, Northern of its population, is well supplied Rhodesia, it is proposed to cele- with an assortment of missions, the blind than in almost any brate the Jubilee of an event the largest being the Protestant other country in the world. For unique in missionary incidents missions of the Church of Scot- of the nineteenth century – the land and of the Dutch Reformed the 74,000 blind in Japan there establishment of a foreign mis- Church of South Africa, and the are 20 schools; for the 72,000 in sion by an indigenous Church, Roman Catholic. The Emmanuel itself little more than half a cen- Medical Mission touches that of America, 100; for the 25,000 in tury delivered from heathenism the Church of Scotland in the England, 45; for the 150,000 in and cannibalism. Rev. Francis south and the north, and in 1926 Egypt, one! Mention should be Coillard, of the Paris Evangel- these two missions effected a ical Missionary Society, had im- union of their native churches made of a few isolated efforts to pressed upon the infant Church and formed the Church of Cenhelp individuals or groups of of Basutoland, where a Mission tral Africa, Presbyterian, which was founded in 1833, that no now has about fifty native pasblind persons which are under- Church could claim to be a liv- tors. The prevailing religion of ing one if it did not carry out the country is pagan, steeped in taken by members of differ- our Lord's last command to– go superstition and fear of evil ent missionary organizations in into all the world and preach the spirits, but there are many Egypt. The government has Gospel. A native suggested that splendid Christians. God must intend them to go to now opened a home for blind beggars, and is also working at Barotseland, as they spoke the Educational and evangelistic same language, although a thou- work take preeminence over the a scheme for the unification of the work among the blind, and its extension so as to benefit all blind persons in Egypt, whatever their age or class.

-E. M. M. S. Quarterly.

Response to the Gospel R. F. Cleveland, of Congo sand miles away. In August, medical, although there are three BeIge, writes in the Presbyterian 1885, Coillard's wagon halted at doctors for the twelve stations.

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

Hospitals are small and primi- churches were grouped into there good fellowship, excellent tive. The Church of Scotland· three District Councils made up teachers and special features, has the largest mission hospital of the pastors of the churches of such as courses in social hygiene, in Nyasaland. the respective districts, and a that are not available elsewhere. number of elders in proportion Even state officials have decided -Edinburgh M. M. Quarterly. to the m e m b e r s hip of each to keep their sons in Irwin church. The three District School. WESTERN ASIA Councils in turn elect five dele- gates each to a Synod that is to "To my great surprise," Turks Adopt Sunday meet biennially. writes Mr. Gorde, "two or three educated guardians said to me, The National Assembly, on A Christian convert· from 'The only hope of our country is May 28th, discarded a centuries' Islam, who at one time was an Christianity. We shall remain old tradition by adopting a bill important government official, Hindus, but we think the day which makes Sunday instead of was elected moderator and an- will come when all India will be Friday the weekly sacred day of other convert from Islam was Christian, because there is no rest in Turkey. elected secretary for the meet- real hope in Hinduism.' ing and for the two ensuing President Mustafa Kemal Ata- years. A proposal was sent "One state officer said to me, turk has struck many hard blows down to the churches for ratifi- 'I want only Christian teachers in recent years at Mohammedan cation providing for two ranks and a Christian school for my practices, depriving the priest- of clergy, one of lesser qualifica- son because of the healthy atmoshood of rights they had exercised tions whose offices will pertain phere and outlook on life.' Anfor centuries. His actions have only to local churches, the other other ret ire d officer says, resulted in several plots for his of higher qualifications whose 'Whether we are actually bapoverthrow. offices will be accepted through- tized or not, we have received out the church. A committee Christ, and the biggest thing in Friday is said to have been was elected to handle ad-interim life is Christ. I want my sons chosen by Mohammed as the day business with a special view to to be real followers of Christ.' " for obligatory religious gather- the assistance of the weaker ings in memory of the creation churches. The school's enrolment is 290; of man. -Associated Press. Christians, 80; non-Christians -Near East Bulletin. of all castes over 200. New Movement in Palestine New Ideas for Pathans -Western India Notes. A Hebrew Christian in Palestine, Moses Immanuel Ben- The plan devised by Amanulla Telugu Caste Movement Maeir, writes of a movement of Afghanistan to found a uniamong Palestinian Jew s to versity in his country is to be The author of "Christian Mass thwart Christian missionary realized by the establishment of Movements in India," Rev. J. work. It is called Merkaz, and a new institution in the new city Waskom Pickett, is in charge of has been in operation for the last of Darelmann, five kilometers a High Caste Movement Survey two years, but recently has be- from the capital, Kabul. Lec- which is taking place in South come very aggressive. Its mem- tures are already being given by India. He now estimates the bers proclaim that sending chil- French and German professors, baptized caste people up to date dren to Christian schools, at- and groups of Afghan students in this Caste Movement as about tending missionary clubs, clinics are being sent to Europe for edu- 30,000, and that this number is and evening schools are treason cation. On the other side of this being augmented at the rate of against the Jewish national frontier Peshawar is also to have at least 4,000 a year. He reports hom e. S u c h proclamations its university which will mean a about 3,500 unbaptized but enfrighten many away from mis- new standard of education for rolled catechumens; and thinks sions and Christian institutions. the Pathan peoples. The Islamia that the number of converts in So far, medical and educational College already existing is being 1934 may have been as high as missions still have a large at- raised to university standard. 5,000. It is largely through the tendance. Heretofore, the Mer- witness of transformed lives of kaz has dealt leniently with such -Near East Bulletin. outcastes who have become Jews, but now it threatens to Christians that this ingathering use hard measures aainst them. INDIA-BURMA has come.

-Moody Institute Monthly. Christian School Preferred Toward Church Union Union in North Persia Mr. Gorde, of Irwin Christian Substantial progress is being High School, Kolhapur, writes made toward union in North In- The Evangelical Churches of that although two new high dia. The j oint council of repre- North Iran completed a union schools have been opened, one sentatives of the Methodist Episorganization I a s tAu gus t. for Marathi boys only, both par- copal Church, the B apt i s t Twenty-four churches were rep- ents and boys prefer the Chris- Churches and the United Church resented with a total member- tian school because they find of Northern India had its first ship of about 2,500. These meeting over three years ago,

and several committees have of Rangoon. In the dry season all, the radiant faces of those been at work on important points they sleep on the walks or under who two years ago had never involved. Their deliberations the night bazaar stalls. One is heard of Christ. reached the stage where a Coun- left to wonder where they sleep -Baptist Missionary Review. cil was called in Allahabad in on rainy nights. They rummage February to go over the ground. through the garbage cans on the Indian Tribute to Missions The three most important re- streets for their main susteports presented were on the nance and steal when they can. Once again the people of India statement of doctrine, the min- The Y. M. C. A. is taking the have paid tribute to Christian istry and polity. The council de- lead in a project whereby a missions. Sir Mirza Ismail, bated long over a formula on group of societies have banded prime minister of Mysore, at the baptism which would make op- together to provide a home for centenary celebrations of the tional the choice of mode and the them, and are trying to provide Wesleyan Mission High School, baptism of infants, in order to decent living conditions. The Bangalore, said: "They (the meet the convictions of the Bap- children are being taught useful Christian missions) have been a tists. As to the ministry, only occupations. The Street Boys' potent factor in promoting the one order – that of "elder" or Refuge Society is also trying to cause of education and the "presbyter" was contemplated. help these waifs. -Missions. spread of enlightenment and cul- The report on polity set forth in ture in the state, as indeed in detail the representative bodies Volunteer Ohristian Service India as a whole. Missionary or courts proposed for the colleges and schools have been Church. It was found that the Dnyanodaya, Indian Christian valued and honored partners United Church and the Meth- weekly, extends an invitation to with governments in this imporodist Episcopal Church have Indian Christians to write a tant field of national developsimilar bodies, but this subject paper on "Volunteer Christian ment. One has only to turn to requires further study and ad- Service" or lay leadership. The institutions like the Christian justment. It is hoped that more main purpose of the paper College in Madras, the Wilson definite steps may be taken at should be to frame a practical College in Bombay, the Forman the next meeting in December. program of Christian service College in Lahore, and the Scot- that may be rendered by men tish Churches College in Cal- -Dnyanodaya. and women who do not receive cutta; and to recall the names salaries or sub sid i e s from of Duff, Wilson and Miller, to Baptism in Lushai Hills church or mission; and to give realize the magnitude of the con- stimulus and inspiration for tribution which Christian mis- The Christian Church is mak- such service. The paper may in- sions are making to modern ing notable advance in the South clude Biblical material and ex- India." Lushai Hills. There were 698 amples from India or other counbaptisms during the year, of tries, but this should bear upon Sir Has san Suhrawardy, which 129 were from Christian the practical problem of main- former vice-chancellor of Calfamilies and the rest from non- taining and expanding the work cutta University, thus appealed Christian homes. The member- in towns and villages with dimin- to women medical students: ship is now 6,019, out of a pop- ished financial resources. The ulation of 26,217, and there are service in view may be evan- I sincerely hope that the great exnearly 10,000 Sunday school gelism, conducting services, Sun- ample of women doctors sent out by scholars. The Boys' Day School day schools, Christian Endeavor, Christian missionary institutions of has had an enrollment of 157. etc., as well as all kinds of social Europe and America, working in un- Four pastors and seven evan- service and rural reconstruction. known parts of the country, facing gelists are supported by the hazards and hardships, will inspire funds of the Baptist "presby- New Ohurch Organized our Indian women-who I know are tery" without any deficit, and not behind so far as compassion and many of the members have given February 17 was a Red Letter self-sacrifice go-to take to the medlabor for the building and repair Day for the Vizagapatam Bap- ical profession and enrich the country of their chapels. The sale of tist field. On that day a new by a selfless example of service in Scriptures and other literature this direction.

-Christian Century.

in Lushai has increased con- church was organized at Sun- Forward in Lower Burma siderably, and choir festivals kurimetta eight miles beyond have become a notable feature of Anantagiri, and 3,808 feet above For several years past the Lushai life. The Spurgeon can- sea level. It is the third church Pwos have been praying that ten tata drew great crowds, and the to be organized in this field in thousand new members should Carey Centenary was celebrated the last four years. be added to their churches in ten with a special demonstration. It was a memorable scene- years. Two years ago the Bas- -Baptist Missionary Herald. the matchless mountain scenery, sein Association reported 800 the triumphant hymns, examina- baptisms; the past year they The Streets Their Home tion of 18 candidates for bap- have had 1,000, while in one sec- It is estimated that more than tism, the organization of the tion 500 more are waiting for 2,000 children live on the streets church with 67 members; above baptism. A sprinkling of Bur-

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

mans are coming into the numbers, and very few are en- corps. These bands have agreed churches with the Pwos. tering, because of the large en- to go out preaching the Gospel trance fee of over $40. This has at least once a week. The movement has been aided resulted in a record breaking especially by the activity of lay- number of removals in some of -So S. Times. men who have gone out to win our churches. their neighbors. In one place, a Robber Becomes Evangelist Pwo trained as a doctor in CHINA America returned to labor for When Dr. Sherwood Eddy his village, and it is now called Some Basic Facts visited Amoy sixteen years ago, "Health Hill." Another studied there was a man there with a agriculture in America, returned Rev. H. E. Etter, a former price on his head; he had been to his village and it is now called Baptist missionary in Peiping, leader of a robber band for ten "Pleasant Hill." gives six basic facts regarding years. During the first meeting China. 1. One person in every he cut a hole in the mat shed Cooperative Credit Societies four in the world is a Chinese. roof, and through it watched and are helping the new converts to Their population is increasing at heard Dr. Eddy attack officials keep their heads above water the rate of 10,000,000 every and others who were robbing the economically. An agricultural three years. people. This man said to himgraduate took ten acres and self, "I am a robber. I am robfarmed it himself as a demon- 2. Six-sevenths of the people bing China. I must stop!" He stration; he produced over 600 live on one-third of the land be- could not sign his name on the baskets of excellent paddy – a cause much of the area is unsuit- card as a convert, but secured a higher yield than any of his ed to agriculture; therefore the worker to sign for him. After neighbors had. After selling his density of population is as great Dr. Eddy left he joined the crop, and paying all expenses he as 800 per square mile in some church and served as a volunhad a net profit of Rs. 150. He sections. teer preacher. Among other then put the ground in beans, things, he resolved to win as chick peas and sugarcane, with 3. The nation is about ninety many into the Christian life as a vegetable garden in addition. per cent rural; 300,000,000 live he had killed, and began work Other sections have asked for a in villages. for robbers and pirates right in similar demonstration, offering the home district. More than to provide the land. 4. Fifty per cent of the peo- 100 joined the church as a re- ple have not enough to eat and sult. There were two villages -Brayton C. Case. wear. whose residents had for genera- tions followed robbery as a pro- Siam's National Church 5. The people are illiterate (at fession; he reached thirty of least 85 per cent), industrious, their leaders and the villagers Rev. Kru Pluang, first mod- patient, thrifty and superstitious have given up robbery for farmerator of the National Christian in general. ing. This Christian worker can- Church of Siam, is genial, wise not write yet, but he keeps a and discerning, and withal a cap- 6. Two-thirds of the Protes- record by getting someone to able leader. He has been travel- tant churches of China have write down their names. He ing over the country in an effort been established in villages and then draws a rough picture of a to see how best to use greatly small towns. The Christians tree with branches, on which he reduced funds and forces. The number about 1 in 1,000 of the indicates the fruit he finds dework at Chiengmai is very en- population. veloping in their lives. couraging. Many new families were coming into the church Watchman-Examiner. Traveling to Amoy to hear from at least sixteen different Dr. Eddy at his recent meetings villages. Bible Vacation Schools A Chinese "Billy Sunday" he met two strangers on the were held with the usual inter- launch and induced both to beest and success in several coun- Dr. John Sung, an American come Christians. try centers. educated Chinese scientist, now connected with the Bethel Gos- -Chinese Recorder. The Prae City Church is now pel Bands, has been holding listed with the churches entirely evangelistic meetings in Nan- New War on Narcotics self-supporting. T h r e e other king, China. Great crowds have churches in the Prae field pro- been in constant attendance. The The Chinese Government has vide the most fruitful centers of Friends' Mission Church has a declared a six-year war against the evangelistic work of the sta- seating capacity of 500, yet one opium and drugs, and is attacktion. They raise 40 per cent of night by actual count there were ing the evil with military measthe pastor's salary. The two 1,070 within the church. ures. Both the traffic in nargroups at Hoi Rai received 28 cotics and their use are now on confession of faith last year, Fifty evangelistic bands have crimes, and the death penalty and. eleven by letter. already been organized, aver- may be applied. Since the for- aging four or five members to mer policy of prohibition did The Chinese in Siam are re- each band. Ten of these are not give satisfactory results, the turning to China in rather large from the Friends' Church and School. Some come from the University of Nanking and the university hosp~tal n u r sin g

menace is to be tackled by cap- Unity Discussed Margaret Williamson Hospital turing territory progressively; Last January, six denomina- Anniversary in Chekiang, Kiangsu, Fukien, tions (out of the 13 invited) Anhwei, Hupeh, Hunan, Kiangsi, sent representatives to a confer- On May 11th, the Margaret Honan, Hopei, Shantung and ence on church unity which met Williamson Hospital, pioneer Shansi an order has been issued in Shanghai. These denomina- American medical missionary infor immediate prohibition of tions were the Church of Christ stitution, completed 50 years of poppy .cultivation. This will not in China, Methodist Episcopal service to the Chinese commube applied to all provinces at Church, Methodist Episcopal, nity in Shanghai, and the annionce because in some areas the South, Methodist Church (Eng- versary was appropriately comshift cannot be peremptorily lish) , (Northern) Baptist Con- memorated. S tar tin g from made from poppy to grain culti- vention and the North China humble beginnings, the hospital vation. The government is pro- Kung Li Hui. The desire of the has grown during the 50 years viding facilities for curing ad- conference to promote fellowship to include a general hospital, madicts. This treatment is com- as a preliminary to developing ternity hospital, the Women's pulsory, but the cost is made some sort of proposal for the Christian Medical College and a light and may be reduced to promotion of Church Unity grew training school for nurses. It nothing if necessary. These cor- in clarity and intensity as the has accommodations for 200 parective institutions have already meeting progressed. One mem- tients, but plans are under way been opened in Shanghai, Peip- ber of each communion present for expansion. Several clinics ing, Nanking, Tientsin and other made a statement of his own are maintained. cities. In Kiangsu alone there understanding of its general atare some twenty. In Shanghai titude towards the question of Th€ hospital is supported by 732 addicts were treated in about church unity, considered from the Southern Methodists, Northtwo months; in Peiping 283 the viewpoint of possible organic ern Baptists and the Women's were discharged cured in sixteen unity. Reporting for the Amer- Union Missionary Society in the days. -Chinese Recorder. ican Methodists, Dr. C. Lacy United States, together with con- said that a commission favors tributions raised among Chinese Answered Prayer the following order of steps and for e i g n supporters in thereto: Union of Methodists, Shanghai. TibWetraitninsgtatifornomopenKedwesiixtehy~arsa North and South; union of all ago, Mr. G. A. Bell gives a strik- Methodist bodies in China; and -China Weekly Review. ing instance of answered prayer: union with other Christian bod- ies offering opportunity. The Hainan's "New Deal" J~ly 18-Prayed definitely for im- Southern Methodists were remedIate answer regarding a Tibetan ported to have little interest in H. F. Burkwall, Presbyterian teacher. medical missionary in Hainan, organic union but much in prac- writes of the attempt to inaugu- July 19-"Renowned" turns up on tical cooperation. Practically rate a "New Deal" for missions initial visit, and after some conver- the same stand was taken by in China, in the form of a projsation agrees to come tomorrow. the Baptists. The discussions ect plan which is an attempt to give the Chinese the degree of July 20-He comes as promised and autonomy for which they have we all read with him. "Renowned" is been asking for so long at every the name of the priest who suddenly missions conference or other re- ligious assembly attended by dropped in from app agraernmtleyntnso. wheHrie~ dressed in ragged voice is gentle and his demeanor quiet brought out some of the lines Chinese delegates. The plan if not shy. There is a fineness about him rarely seen in priests. With all along which some churches are, has already been tried in a small this, were we not taking a risk in hir- consc~ously 0 r unconsciously, degree, but at first has threat- ing a teacher so quickly? But tchaemn~ drawmg nearer to each other in ened to work a hardship among the prayer for definite answer practice. native workers. The pas tor seemed to take it as a challenge to mind, and there the matter rests. Finally, the conference unan- to the church members of Hai- imously expressed its convic- nan to put the church on a self- The more we have to do with him, the tion as follows: supporting basis. He said that if each one gave only $1.00 silver more we desire his conversion. He is We find ourselves united in our to the support of the church, the loyalty to Jesus Christ, and in our a fair scholar and feels the shame of earnest desire to become so united to the contempt that is put on his monas- tery by others, on account of its low standing. His aim seems to be to earn a. few doll~rs whereby he can improve hIS educatIOn, and thus help bring the Christ that the result may be an or- synod would have almost enough monastery into higher respect. This i~, at least, a considerably higher mo- ganic union of all Christian bodies, we to run the schools in the country districts, pay the evangelists, tIve than most of the priests have. believe that the time has come when some definite action is not only de- and keep up the many chapels We pray that as he is brought into sirable but necessary. scattered throughout the island.

touch with us that he will gain a yet That statement became the preamble to a set of resolutions higher motive. Only today I had a through which the delegates Some one has estimated that the pledged themselves to work. average Chinese earned less than long talk with him on Christianity. $60 per year, so that the giving He admitted that after all his works of $1.00 a year represents a real of merit he had not attained peace and that he needed a Saviour. '

-China's Millions. -Chinese Recorder. sacrifice. -Board Letter.

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

JAPAN-CHOSEN ital, Hsinking, is soon to be elder, my Bible woman and I, erected. The quadrennial Gen- and a few other Christians gath- Letter of Good Will eral Conference will meet in ered at the home. Most of the Tokyo next October. things had already been heaped An open letter of friendship together in the courtyard. First to the Japanese, signed by 301 -The Christian Century. we sang a song-a prayer for American religious leaders, was the Holy Spirit's presence; then made public in Japan on May 3d. Suitably Named the pastor read a selection show- The message was sent because of ing Christ's power over demons. "the failure of the widespread A Korean village has adopted This was followed by prayer that protests from churches and a new name-"The Lord-Believ- as the evil spirits were driven peace organizations to secure the ing Place." Practically every out, the Holy Spirit would come cancellation of the naval maneu- resident of the village is a Chris- in and make His abode in the vers which begin in the North tian, so, say they, why not call home. Then everything that had Pacific today." the town what it obviously is? been collected was set on fire. The things they burned included The message asserts that "we -Presbyterian Tribune. ribbons of strong paper knotted are strongly opposed" to the fleet together, pieces of dress matemaneuvers "because they can Mass Marriages rials, or garments, rice in brokhardly escape misinterpretation en jars so old that it had turned by sensation mongers and indi- Here is an example of perfect to powder, and handfuls of dried viduals in each nation who are cooperation. The parents of twigs. in a position to profit from the ten young Korean couples who creation of fear and suspicion." wished to get married agreed to "While the burning was going The message informs the Jap- contribute 15 yen each for a wed- on, the church bell rang for eveanese people that "many thou- ding at one time in one place, ning service. What a contrast sands of our citizens, especially and from the amount thus saved was its joyous note to the scene those who constitute the mem- a liberal contribution was made in front of our eyes!" bership of our churches and toward a new church building. synagogues, have pro t est e d This was in Kochang; of the 20 Poor Boys' Club against the holding of these ma- young people seven brides and neuvers." It invites the Jap- four grooms belong to the church Wonsan Y. M. C. A. has a new anese people to "unite with us in there. There was no competi- activity – a club for poor boys redoubling our efforts to main- tion in presents given, and no only. There are about 50 memtain our historic friendship, and rivalry as to which would be the bers from ten to sixteen years of in opposing every effort that is best dressed. age. Most of them spend the likely to lead to mistrust between day going about with a basket or our peoples." All the brides and grooms pail picking over garbage recep- then arose and the minister gave tacles, coal heaps and other Among the signers are four- them a solemn exhortation. The dumps. An exceptionally good teen bishops, many college presi- name of each groom and the day's pickings would net about dents, ministers and rabbis of name of his bride were read and five sen. All are extremely poor, leading congregations, editors of the question put to the grooms. and many live in dugouts and the religious press and other In unison, they said, "I do." The tiny shacks on the outskirts of leaders. questions were likewise put to the city. Parents for the most the the brides and their answers part are appreciative and the Methodists Pass 40,000 Mark given. All was done in a quiet, youngsters themselves are en- dignified, serious spirit. Prayer thusiastic. The really incor- The east and west Conference was offered and the officiating rigible boy soon drops out and of the Japan Methodist Church Korean pastor pronounced so disappears and the others take held annual meetings during and so man and wife, in the every chance they get for mak- March, one in Kyoto and the order of the positions in which ing something out of life. They other in Tokyo. More than 500 they were standing. Asked if were rounded up for a bath one pastors are now on the rolls of they wished to make any pres- evening. A good-hearted baththe two Conferences, and the ents to their brides, several of house keeper near by sent his church's membership has passed the grooms came to the pulpit regular guests away early, and the 40,000 mark. Sunday school and laid down an offering to gave a special price of a sen and attendance has declined some- God. -George S. McCune. a half each for our boys. Of the what in the past two years, and forty-two boys who took the there are other signs o.f spiritual Fetish Bonfire plunge only five had ever had a lassitude in the church. But real bath before. However, great missionary passion is be- Pyengyang News says that Wonsan is on the seashore, and ing shown in the program that while the Women's Bible classes in summer these youngsters calls for the evangelization of were being held, two families splash in the ocean. Manchuria. The first unit of a decided to burn their fetishes. fine Methodist church in the cap- The writer says: "The sun was -D. A. Macdonald. setting when the pastor, an

Fifty New Churches This is not only the first time a ber of sects among them is not World's Sunday School Conven- generally known. Three out- Pyengyang Presbytery's sl?- tion has been held in a Scandi- standing divisions are the Orthogan is for fifty new churches thIS navian country, but also the dox, the Conservative and the year. Each district is taking its farthest north. Deeply conscious Reformed. These three recently assignment seriously. Ten is of the honor, Sunday school appointed a committee to push a the quota for Pyengyang city. workers of Norway are planning revival, and a meeting was held Four of those have been started a cordial welcome to delegates. in New York in April to devise since summer, and four more Norway's King, Haakon VII, has plans for this objective. A resoare in the making. One district promised to act as the Conven- lution was passed with the view whose assignment was four has tion's "guardian." of seeking "to interest the unalready gone over the top with affiliated Jew in synagogue life, five, and with plans for more. What Are Missrionaries? and to assist congregations in Pyengyang also plans a fund their endeavor to enlarge their of 20,000 yen to keep a group We missionaries are sent to membership." of evangelizers continuously in preach some of its less covered districts. -Alliance Weekly. Through all Korea, in nearly Not experience, but redempevery district, they have b~en tion; Christian Congresses setting goals and are workmg definitely toward them. Not economics, but Gospel; No less than thirty-six inter- Not culture, but conversion; national Christian Congresses -Presbyterian Banner. Not reforms, but liberation; will be held throughout the world Not progress, but forgiveness; from the period of May 4th to Lepers' Church ,Destroyed Not social reform, but awak- October 11th of this year. ening; On the night of March 16th, Not a new organization, but a The Executive Committee of ruffians set fire to the church in new creation; the World's Alliance of Y. M. Soonchun Leper Colony, Korea. Not civilization, but Chris- C. A.'s will meet at Geneva from Try as they did, the lepers could tianity. July 12th-20th to discuss prepnot check the fire until floors, We are ambassadors, not dip- aration of the World Conference roof, doors, windows, the new lomats. to be held in India at the end of organ and all the other furni~h­ 1936 or the beginning of 1937. ings had been burned. Mornmg -By Erich Schick, in N eusaw them standing about heart- ruppiner Missionbote. The Continuation Committee broken and in tears. To repair of the Faith and Order Movethe damage will cost $1,250. Fighting Paganism ment will meet at Hindsgaul, This sum the lepers have pledged Denmark, from Aug. 4th-7th, themselves to raise by going The British and Foreign Bible while the Ninth World Convenwithout dinner every Sunday for Society last year added 14 new tion of the International Society two years. translations of the Bible; nine of Christian Endeavor will meet of these were African, three be- at Budapest, Hungary, from The Soonchun C h u r c h has longed to Oceania, and two to Aug. 2d-7th. about 600 members. The follow- Asia. In 1910, the number of ing is a report of the year's languages on the Society's list From Aug. 6th-11th, the 2d work: was 424; it now stands at 692. quinquennial World Conference In circulation and income the of the Churches of Christ (Dis- Baptized this year, 72; Sunday year was encouraging. The ciples) will be held at Leicester, school pupils, 656; teachers (lepers), world figure was 10,970,000 England. 72' Bible school pupils, 105; teachers, copies. In Germany there was 4' ' learned to read, 118; memorized an increase of 19,000 over the A number of international shorter catechism, 40 (4 of them previous year-a significant ad- conferences will be he I d in blind); memorized child's catechism, vance in view of the offensive Switzerland, including the meet- 38' memorized Sermon on the Mount, against Christianity. In Spain ing of the Executive Committee 19' (7 blind); memorized the entire there was an increase of over of the Universal Christian Coun- Gospels according to Matthew and 14,000 copies. In China, 4,296,- cil for Life and Work, to con- Luke, 1 (blind). 000 copies were placed out, as sider pre par at ion s for the compared with 3,902,000 a year World Conference in 1937, which -Without the Camp. earlier. The total income was meets at Chamby-sur-Montreaux £366,000, and e x pen d i t u r e from Aug. 18th-22d, and the Tri- MISCELLANEOUS £364,000. -The Christian. ennial plenary meeting of the World A I I ian c e for Interna- Sunday School Convention in Jewish Revival Planned tional Friendship through the Norway Churches, which meets in the To an outsider, Jewish people same city from Aug. 12-18. The next World's Sunday seem to be a unit, and the num- School Convention will be held in -N. C. J. C. News Service. Oslo, Norway, July 6-12, 1936.

Missionary

Books Briefly Reviewed for the Readers' Information ~===–~===–~~~~~~~==—=I.d Modern Trends in World-Religions. The acids of modernity have longer religious in.the old s~nse, and Edited by A. Eustace Haydon. 8 vo. indeed disintegrated the ol~ re- that they are religIOUS only In so far 255 pp. $2.50. T~e University of ligions. Only one of the wrIters as they are educational, in so far as Chicago Press. ChIcago, 1935. points out that one of the factors they are teaching men to be more moral and social? And why not During the summer of 1933!1 in this disintegration has been frankly transfer all ~u.r old loyalty. to group of scholars met at the Um- Christian missions _ secondary the new instrumentalItIes of educatIOn which are taking the place of the older versity of Chicago under the he considers it. As a matter of religions as sources of instruction, inauspices of the Haskell Founda- spiration, and consolation? tion and sought to interpret the fact nearly all of the moyements adjustments of six great reli- and important changes. m pr~s­ S. M. ZWEMER. ent-day Judaism, Buddh.Ism, Hmgions to modern life. They ~ade duism, and Islam are dIrec!ly. or The Rediscovery of John Wesley. reports on Hinduism, ConfucIan- indirectly due to the ChrIstIan By George Croft Cell. 420 pp. ism Buddhism, JUdaism, Islam, enterprise. No one can read t~e $2.50. Henry Holt & Co. New York.

and' Christianity and the s e evidence collected by Dr. Denms The thesis of this book is that papers are here ~resented under in his three volumes on "Chris- John Wesley and his message four general tOPICS: Wo~ld !e- tian Missions and Social Prof!- were related directly and ha!- ligions and modern SCIentIfic ress" without realizing that m moniously to Luther and Calvm A..!- thinking ; World Religi.ons and economics, social life, education, and that it is an error to class Modern Social EconomIC Prob- and religious thought, the power Wesley as an anti-Calvinist lems; World Religions and Inter- that transforms was introduced minian. Professor Cell tells m cultural Contacts; The Task of by pioneer missionaries. Dr. the preface of the radical revis- Modern Religion. Under these Carl Clemen, of the University ion of our judgment of Wesley topics the re~igion~ are grouped, of Bonn, wrote recently on the which his studies for twenty-five in each case m a dIfferent order. influence of Christianity on the years have forced upon him. Islam is discussed by Professor non-Christian religions (D e r "The long prevalent and still Martin Sprengling and C~n- Ein/luss des Christentums o:uf current anti-Calvinist interprefucianism by Professor Hu ShIh. andere Religionen, Lei p ZIg, tation of Wesley's message and The writers on Christianity are 1933), showing ho'Y the great ministry was abandoned under Professor Edward S. Ames, of changes in these varIOUS systems compulsion of the facts upwards the University of Chicago; Pro- of thought were largely due to of twenty years ago as equally fessor A. W. Taylor, of Vande,r- the impact of Christianity, di- false to the truth about John bilt University; Professor WIl- rectly or indirectly. In the vol- Calvin and to the truth about liam Ernest Hocking, of .Har- ume before us all this is ignored. John Wesley. Analysis of the vard; and Bishop FrancIs J. The chapters on Ch~ist~anity content of John Wesley's preach- McConnell. The book should give no evidence of ~elIef m the ing made it perfectly clear that have a place on the missionary authority of the ScrIptures, the for fifty-three years he said as shelf next to Rethinking Mis- finality of Jesus Christ, or of ac- extremely little about the human sions, for it has the same hu.man- quaintance with the heart of his- side of saving faith, except istic antisupernatural v I e yv- toric Christianity as expressed man's dire need of it, as he s~id point.· Christianity.is not. dIS- in the creeds. A closing para- extremely much about savlI~g tinguished as essentIally dIffer- graph in Hu Shih's paper on the faith as God's work for us m ent from other religions of the future of Confucianism at the Christ and in us by the Holy group: "In their origins both end of the book is very signifi- Spirit. F,urther, the W~s!eyan Christianity and Islam are me- cant. It sums up the impre~­ doctrine of the Holy SpI.rIt, ~o dieval Mediterranean monothe- sion one would gather from thIS conspicuous and controlllI~.g m isms." The various religions are comparative study of religion. the Wesleyan theology, SImply stood for and summed ~p the viewed as "facets of the same So we have the Y. M. C. A.'s and the true objectivity and realIty of crystal; soil, roots, pith, wood, Y. M. B. A.'s. But why not drop the bark branches, leaves, etc., of third initials? Why not frankly rec- our communion with God. It th' t " ognize that all these movements are no was indeed something of a sure same ree. . Any of the books noted In these coIumns will be Bent by the REVIEW publishers on receipt of price.

[381 ]

prise from the standpoint of the from the pen of a missionary in and this number had increased Arminian tradition about Wes- Korea under the Southern Meth- to 125,479 in 1930, a seventy ley to discover that he had con- odist Board. per cent increase. sistently and categorically denied the doctrine commonly re- Dr. Wasson confines his dis- The value of the book consists ferred to him, namely, that a cussion almost entirely to the in the fact that coming, as it man can of himself by the pow- does at this time when Protesers of his free will produce or work of the mission with which tant missionary work in Korea generate this faith in his own he was connected and for this has just passed its fiftieth milemind; rather, since man is by reason it would have been better stone, it calls attention to some nature evil and incompetent to restrict the title to make it of the methods pursued and both to think and do good, it is points out a number of the local altogether necessary that saving conform to the limited scope. factors which have contributed faith as the first principle of all The purpose, as stated in the to the rapid growth of the Christian experience should be preface, is "to explain an im- church in Korea. These factors wrought in Him by the Holy portant but little understood really constituted a singularly Spirit. True genuine Christian phase of the Church in Korea, providential preparation (alfaith is in its totality the gift namely, the marked fluctuations though the author does not say and work of God." so) for the introduction of evan- in its rate of growth." Five of gelical Christianity into Korea. If Professor Cell had not in- the eight chapters the author dedicated that his view of Wesley votes to a discussion of his prob- C. S. HOFFMAN. and of the Christian Gospel had lem; the first two are introducrun back these years into the Toward the Sunrising. By B. H. past one would have been tempt- tory and the last is entitled, Brunner. 279 pp. $1.50. Cokesed to see in this fascinating book "Summary and Conclusions." another evidence of the influence bury Press. Nashville, Tenn. of Karl Barth, but Professor The main discussion is con- Cell's line has evidently been his fined to the years between 1910 A series of fourteen sermons own. It is a very fresh and and 1930, a period which the vivifying word which he speaks, author maintains include five by a Southern preacher who has clear and positive like Profes- cycles in the development of the sor E. Lewis's "Christian Mani- church when rapid growth alter- a stimulating style which occafesto." It is significant to have nate with periods of decline. His these two books, so emphatic in explanations and conclusions are sionally rises to the brilliant. their reaffirmation of the his- a matter of opinion. toric evangelical faith, coming Because the Old Testament has from the two leading Eastern The book contains a number schools of Theology in the Meth- of statements to which the ma- rich imagery in those passages odist Church. jority of missionaries in Korea today would take exception. For that speak of sunset and sunrise, Professor Cell writes with example, on page fifteen the great clarity and with a style of statement is made that the the series before us tells of the originality and power and with a supernatural element in the Gosfull acquaintance with the ma- pel, which was such an asset to sunrise and sunset in the lives of terial embodying Wesley's doc- the pioneer m iss ion a r y in trine. He has earned the right preaching to the Koreans, has to- the patriarchs and prophets, to the title of his book and he day become a liability and the has thrown a bridge across from intimation is that C h r i s t ian e. g., "The Sunset of an Old his own church to the churches workers in Korea today no of the Reformed faith. Books longer hold this view. Person- Faith," "The Sunset of Selfishlike this and Professor Lewis's ally, I bear testimony to the fact are the best contribution that that in my twenty-five years of ness," "A Sunrise wit h 0 u t can be made to the cause of service in Korea I have never unity among those who look to known the people so ready to Clouds," "The Sunrise of Jus- God to save men and not to man hear and accept the Gospel with to save himself. all its supernatural meaning as tice," "The Sunset of the Proph- taught by the early missionaries. ROBERT E. SPEER. ets," etc. There is a wealth of Another statement which is Church Growth in Korea. By W. A. misleading, unless the author re- quotations from the poets, but Wasson. Published under the aus- fers only to his own mission, is pices of the International Mission- found in the introduction where it is not always apt. We have ary Council, New York. 1935. he says: "There were about as many names on the rolls of the expository preaching of a sort, This book first appeared under church in 1910 as there were in the title, "Studies in the World 1930." In the Korean Presby- but there is an absence of Scrip- Mission of Christianity," and is terian church, which is the largest Christian group in the tural exegesis, and one misses country, the total number of communicants and catechumens the acumen of scholarship. Al- on the roll was 73,184 in 1910 together Dr. B run n e r has availed himself of the great characters of the Old Testament and by putting them on the can- vas of Biblical history, draws lessons for the home, for the Church and the preacher of to- day. S. M. Z.

A Historical-Educational Study of the Japan Mission of the Reformed Church in America. By Stephen Willis Ryder. 173 pp. $2.00. Union Theological Seminary Book Service. New York. 1935.

The Mission of the Reformed Church in America is one of the oldest missions in Japan. Its history therefore includes the

1935] OUR MISSIONARY BOOKSHELF Q83

pioneering period of modern little if anything that the expert product of Haskell and Dawn missions, the period of rapid will find novel, he is expressly Light, the Indian maiden, who growth and that of relationships writing not for that limited class finds a shelter at the mission in with the established Japanese of readers, but for the much time of need. Nick Tumaka is churches. Beginning with Dr. larger number who know little a real character. Years ago the Verbeck, this mission has in- of China but wish to understand writer of this review met him at cluded in its membership a num- what is happening there. Mr. Zuni village where he was known ber of outstanding leaders in the Clark devotes most of his atten- as a "progressive" and eager to Christian movement in Japan. tion to the years of the impact of have his people avail themselves Mr. Ryder, a member ,of this the West on China and to the of education, sanitation, better mission for fifteen years, has changes which have ensued. housing and modern methods of carefully searched through the Very wisely, however, he has agriculture. Later he became a records of the mission, the cor- prefaced this and interwoven it Christian and died in the faith. respondence of the missionaries, with something of China's older His marker is the first tomband other relevant historical history and civilization. His stone in the Zuni cemetery and source material, and then has style is eminently readable. He bears the inscription, "Nick Tusystematically recorded the dif- writes, too, from long experience maka, Ex-governor of Zuni; 'I fering aims and attitudes of the in the Far East and from a fair am the Resurrection and the members of the mission on some familiarity with some of the per- Life.' " of the major issues in mission- tinent literature in English. The As the title indicates Chant in ary policies and programs. For specialist will find it easy to the Night weaves into its narrathe student of missions this book point out errors in fact. Those tive descriptions of outstanding contains much valuable source interested in missions will de- Zuni ceremonials, the Shalako material. Under the title, "A tect a certain bias against that (annual rain dance), the Kokok- Historical Sourcebook of the enterprise and will believe that she, the Koyemeshe, "grotesque Japan Mission," the book is is- it has not been presented in a and awesome," the Priests of the sued for wider circulation among fair light. However, the volume Bow, the legends c en t e r i n g members of the Ref 0 r m e d is, for all these shortcomings, around Toa Yallone (sacred corn Church. In this edition, a chap- one of the better members of its mountain), the coming of the ter on "Contributions of the Re- very numerous family. Corn Maidens, the making of formed Church Mission" has K. S. LATOURETTE. pottery, and other insights into been substituted for the con- the culture and religion of the cluding chapter on "Major Is- Chant of the Night. By C. Kuipers. Ashiwi (Zuni). In the foreword sues" which summarized the 215 pp. $1.00 paper, $1.25 cloth. the author recognizes the diffistudy in the edition under the Zondervan Publishing House, Grand title given above and which was Rapids, Mich. 1934. culties inherent in properly eval- uating the culture of another submitted as a dissertation in While Chant of the Night, ac- race when he says, "This may be partial fulfillment of the require- cording to the author's foreword, a tale half told, as must be the ments for the degree of Doctor "is purely fiction except for its case when one race scrutinizes of Philosophy in Columbia Uni- native setting," it nevertheless and attempts analysis of another versity. A. L. W. gives the reader in attractive race." Mr. Kuiper's presenta- form a comprehensive idea of tion while definitely Christian in The Great Wall Crumbles. By Grover Zuni customs, legends and be- its philosophy and outlook is re- Clark. xvii, 406 pp. Macmillan. liefs. For Chant of the Night is New York. 1935. an Indian mission story which markably free from bias and eminently fair in its portrayal of When an author sets himself, graphically describes not only Zuni life. Too often in the past as has Mr. Clark, to retelling the the trials of an Indian convert the reader of Indian tales of the story of the China of the past but presents the every-day life Southwest has been exposed to hundred years as an introduction of a mission station in the South- gushing sentimentality which to an understanding of the China west where problems of law and sought to idealize the old culture of today, he is attempting a task order, schools, social customs, and spoke deprecatingly of the which has often been essayed. etc., continually face the mis- He finds it next to impossible to sionaries. Here one meets the new. G. E. E. LINDQUIST.

say anything very radically new impetuous Mr. Dirks, the young Suppressing Communist Banditry in either by way of interpretation Mr. Dekman, who with enthuor of a record of facts. How- siasm is ready to try new meth- China. "China Today" Series. Edited by T'ang Leang-Ii. 110 pp, ever, a certain value is to be ods of approach, and the staid profusely illustrated. U. S. $1.50. found in each new book of this but experienced Rev. DeWitt, China United Press, Shanghai, 1934. kind, if, as is this, it is well done. who acts as a sort of balance This first volume of a pro- It at least reaches a fresh body wheel for the entire staff. Inter- jected "China Today" series is of readers with information esting native characters appear, of as great value to China's forabout a land with which the rest especially Nick Tumaka who "in eign friends as to her own peoof the world has much to do. the prime of life had been gov- ple. It presents in clear and doc- While Mr. Clark has said very ernor of Zuni," Ametolan, a umented form the origin, nature,

rise and fall of that variously other leaders and grew ever The Foreign Missionary Enterprise more influential u n til they and Its Sincere Critics. Cleland evaluated movement of recent threatened the very life of the B. McAfee. 190 pp. $1.50. Revell. years, the imported Communism, republic. Dr. Sun and General so enthusiastically welcomed in Chiang Kai Shek awoke in time, New York. and Communism was outlawed. its theory by thousands of stu- But the price of the mistake has God's Christ and God's Book. Archie dents, yet so horribly destructive been heavy, for only now is there Naismith and W. Fraser Naismith. evidence of the halting of the 126 pp. Is. 6d. paper, 2s. cloth. in its practice since its well- scourge and a hopeful beginning trained troops have become the of the enormous work of reha- Pickering & Inglis. London. bilitation in the desolated provmost murderous bandits of that inces. Fortunately many youths A Historical – Educational Study of suffering nation. So interesting have been found ready to sacri- the Japan Mission of the Reformed and enlightening is the account fice their own comfort and gain Church in America. Stephen Willis to organize and administer the Ryder. 173 pp. $2. Union Theothat a reviewer can hardly resist hard labor of reconstruction in logical Seminary. New York. the temptation to quote at length, the wake of the conquered and retreating hordes of pillagers Hot-Hearted. F. I. Codrington. 111 yet must be content to note a few and cutthroats. While the book pp. 28. Church of Zenana Mission. outstanding features. Begin- clearly recognizes the difficulty ning with China's "disastrous of this bandit-suppression, its London. tone is sanely optimistic. heritage" of half a century be- Heroes of the Cross. 96 pp. each. fore the Republic in the steady C. H. FENN. 40 cents each. Obtainable from Zondervan Pub. House, Grand weakening of central authority Helps to the Study of Colossians. and a tendancy toward provin- By W. Wilson Cash. 106 pp. Is. Rapids, Mich. cial authority, which made it im- paper. Church Missionary Society. possible to maintain peace and London. 1935. Series 5 – Jam e s Hannington, Mackay of Uganda, Aggrey the order, the writer makes clear the These brief Bible studies by a reason why Communism has secretary of the C. M. S. are, like African Teacher. been so difficult to suppress. It his notes on Ephesians and Phihas cost six million lives, thou- lippians, devotional, spiritual Series 6-Dr. Frederick Baedeker, and practical. Any earnest Horace Underwood, Art h u r sands of square miles have been Christian student will find them Neve of Kashmir. laid waste and innumerable farm helpful for the light they throw on the Epistle and for the "pre- Series 7 – David Brainerd, Dr. houses and livestock have been eminence" they give to Jesus Grenfell, McCullagh and the destroyed in the province of Christ. Red Indians. Kiangsi alone, several other New Books Series 8-David Hill, Samuel Polprovinces suffering almost as lard, Dr. Apricot of "Heaven heavily. The Communists have Apolo the Pathfinder-Who Follows? Below." A. B. Lloyd. 68 pp. Is. C. M. S. endeavored to enforce a definite London. India Calling-The Memories of Coragrarian policy, one of China's nelia Sorabji. 12s. 6d. Nisbet & greatest needs, but to enforce it Ambassadors for Christ. Mildred by massacre of landlords and by Cable and Francesca French. 160 Co. London. the stirring up of strife and mu- pp. 35 cents; $1.00 paper. C. I. M. tual hatred among the peasants. Philadelphia. Islam for Beginners. Murray T. Titus. 69 pp. Oxworth Book Serv- Instead of the promised peace Christian Realities. Robert E. Speer. ice. India. and prosperity, Communism's 256 pp. $2.50. Revell. New York. progress has meant blood and Life on the Negro Frontier. George fire, barrenness and desperate The Conquest of Cannibal Tanna. A. poverty. The revolutionary pol- K. Longridge. 200 pp. 2s. 6d. R. Arthur. $2.50. 259 pp. Assoicy of the Kuomintang has Hodder & Stoughton. London. ciation Press. New York.

sought the people's good; that of Christ's Alternative to Communism. Modern Trends in World Religions. E. Stanley Jones. 302 pp. $2.00. Edited by Eustice Haydon. $2.50. the Communists has been bent Abingdon Press. New York. 250 pp. University of Chicago on the Bolshevik "WorId Revo- Christ and the Student World. Rob- Press. Chicago. lution," regardless of the fate of ert P. Wilder. 80 pp. Is. Simpthe Chinese people. kin, Marshall, Ltd. London. The Morning I The Night Also. W. J. Maddax. 62 pp. 6d. Pickering Chinese Communism had its Epochs in the Life of the Apostle origin in the student agitations John. The late A. T. Robertson. & Inglis. London. 253 pp. $2.00. Revell. New York. of 1919, spreading widely from Negro-White Adjustment. An In- Peking University in opposition Ethical Issues Confronting World vestigation and Analysis of Methods to the Versailles Treaty, and the Christians. David Johnson Fleming. in the Interracial Movement in the 280 pp. $2.00. I. M. C. New York. U. S. Paul E. Baker. 267 pp. official traitors disposed to sell $3.00. Association Press. New their country to the Japanese. York. Many publications sprang up, Outline of Buddhism – Great Relisome of them advocating Marx- gions of the East Series. C. H. S. Ward. 149 pp. 2s. 6d. Epworth ism. Soviet R u s s i a, avidly watching, professed and prof- Press. London.

fered a unique friendship, intro- The Rediscovery of John Wesley. duced able advisers who were George Croft Cell. 920 pp. $2.50. welcomed by Sun Yat Sen and Holt & Co. New York.

South China Folk. Mary Brewster Hollister. $1.25. 141 pp. Revell.

New York.

Toward a Christian America. Her- mann N. Morse. 206 pp. 60 cents paper, $1.00 cloth. Missionary Edu- cation Movement. New York.

That Other America. John A. Mac- kay. 214 pp. $1.00. Friendship Press. New York. .

Word Studies in the Old Testament. B. A. M. Schapiro. 88 pp. 50 cents.

Hebrew-Christian Pub. Soc., New York.

Penon.I Items HAYFEVER 1884 to 1907, then served as corre-

sponding secretary of the Methodist (Concluded from !d cO'IJer.) ASTHMA …. SUMMER COLDS are …….-.,.. Sunday School Board, and afterwards Complete reliel oall: $1.08 postpaid. Nolhi… else to went to the Methodist Book Concern. Social Settlement and leading peace bUJ. 0…., 40…. HOLFORD'S WONDER INHALERS worker in Germany, but an exile since ….d1.1t Jear alooe. Mail $1.00 tode,.lor lull …….•• ••• theo Hitler revolution, declares that relief to THE DANDEE CO.. 2S2 HENNEPIN AVENUE. "eighty per cent of the pastors of Ger- MINNEAPOLIS. MINN•• or write lor Free BookieL Mrs. Chauncey Brown, former mismany now support the 'Confessional sionary of the Presbyterian Board in Synod' in its defense of Christianity Obituary Note. Hunan, China. died at Raton, N. M., against paganizing influences in Ger- May 13th. Her husband died last Sepmany, and also against the denial of Dr. John Duncan Byrnes, for nearly tember at Liberal, Kansas, while at freedom." Dr. Siegmund-Schultze ar- a quarter of a century superintendent home on furlough. rived in New York at the end of of missions of the Presbyterian Church March from Zurich, Switzerland, of Canada in northern Ontario, and ••• where he now resides. He has come very active in behalf of church union, to deliver the annual lectures on the died at his home in Tillsonburg, On- Lazarus Raikane, native African Rauschenbusch Foundation at the who was associated with Livingstone Colgate – Rochester Divinity School, • • • tario, March 80th. in his 65th year. in the middle of the last century, re- The Rev. John N. West, D.D., who cently died at the age of 100. He Rochester. N. Y. went to India in 1892 as a missionary was baptized by Dr. Samuel Moilatt, of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and later sent to Kanye with Living- *** died in Detroit, Michigan. on April stone. He worked as a local Methodist 29th at the age of 73. He was a grad- preacher in Heilbron district for many . Miss Michi Kawai has returned to uate of Boston University and was years and established a number of Japan with a gift of $1,000 for her for some time principal of Lucknow native schools.

school. ••• • • Christian College. ••• Professor W a 1t e r Livingston • The Rev. Frank Lincoln Moore, Wright, Jr., of the Department of Secretary of the Western Division of History at Princeton University. has The Rev. D. R. Mackenzie, a mis- the Congregational Extension Boards been elected president of Robert Col- sionary of the United Church of Can- died on March 28th. He had been a lege and of the American College for ada, who served for 39 years in Japan, home missionary superintendent from Girls, both at Istanbul, Turkey. 1913 to 1918 and a secretary of the Dr. Wright will assume his new • • died recently at the age of 74. Home Missionary Society from 1918 duties in the Fall after teaching to 1926. He thus spent 22 years in Turkish history and language at a • tireless work in the interest of home seminar on Islamics at Princeton this missions. He was born in July. 1866. summer. Dr. Paul Monroe has been David G. Downey, book editor for president of the two Istanbul colleges the Methodist Church from 1912 to • *• for the last three years and was due to 1928, died at his home in White Plains, retire on June 30th. N. Y., March 8th, at 76 years of age. The Rev. Robert M. Logan, a Bap- Dr. Downey held pastorates from tist nllssionary of Argentina, died on Dr. Wright was graduated from January 22d. He had a remarkable Princeton in 1921 and taught history mastery of the Spanish language and at the American University of Beirut, was recently in charge of the pub- Syria, for several years. lishing house at Buenos Aires.

AN INDEX TO THE TWENTY-FIVE VOLUMES OF THE MOSLEM WORLD SAMUEL M. ZWEMER, Editor Even though you do not possess a complete set of THE MOSLEM WORLD Quarterly, you will want this Index for the following reasons: 1. It contains a complete list of articles by Orientalists and missionaries on every phase of the Moslem problem, such as, the sources of the Koran, the life of Mohammed, the traditions, and Islamic law and dogma.

2. It will contain a complete list of all the litexature published on Islam and Moslem lands, in English, French, German, Dutch and Italian, in the last two decades.

3. Nowhere else can you obtain such an encyclopedic index to all the important articles on the subject in current periodicals.

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Price one dollar (four shillings)

MOTHERLESS

of AH,FONG Motherless, practically homeless, the sons of Ah Fong were brought to Chung Mei to mingle with sixty other Chinese boys in a sympathetic, Christian atmosphere. .Here they get an abundance of fresh air, exercise and play , and are given as fine a public school education as any American lad enjoys.

Becaus~ the great bridge that is spanning San Francisco Bay needed the ground Chung Mei occupied, it was necessary to begin a new home in the sloping hills of EI Cerrito facing the Golden Gate. No money was in sight for the purpose until the boys themselves through their personal earnings and musical programs had .raised enough to buy the land. They also gave money to relieve suffering in China.

Yes, friends have helped to increase the building fund since Chung Mei was condemned to make way for the San Francisco-Oakland Bay Bridge. but $15.000is needed to complete the new Chung MeL Will you help?

Chung Mei is not a reform school or detention .home. It is what its founders intended it should be, an institution which undertakes to provide a Christian home, care and training for under-privileged Chinese boys of tender years—orphans, half-orphans, boys from needy. broken or unfit home~, and the so-called delinque1).t or problem boy-in fact any Chinese boy who has not had a fair chance or a good.start in life.

The Home is the joint project of The American Baptist Home Mission Society. the Woman's American Baptist Home Mission Society and the San Francisco Bay Cities Baptist Union, Dr. C. R. Shepherd, Superintendent.

Send gifts and address inquiries to SAMUEL BRYANTt Treasurer The American Baptist Home Mission Society 23 East 26th Street New York City

The Missionary Review of the World — June 1935

1935

Home Mission Number Restating the Home Mission Task Mark A. Dawber The Changing Frontier in America Hermann N. Morse Problem of Unassimilated Americans W. C. Schaeffer Christianity versus "Isms" Gaius Glenn Atkins The New Day and the Old Gospel Hugh T. Kerr Working Among Migrant Workers Adela 1. Ballard Cooperation and Union in Home Missions .. William R. King The Unchurched Children of America R. W. McGranahan A Re..emphasis of Spiritual Values Paul Dawson Eddy The Need for Christian Education 1. M. Walker The Church and the Unemployed Edgar M. Wahlberg Juvenile Criminals and the Church H. L. Dickerson 25 Cents a Copy $2.50 a Yea1'

to Remember Dallas, Texas. (Not the Negro School Christian Church, died early in

-Sept. 23-27.) M~s. George J. Fix, at the age of 48, in Dayton, Ohio. He June 9-1~Annual Conference, He- 7041 Tokalon Drive, Dallas, Texas. had been in executive missionary serv- brew Christian Alliance. Buffalo, ice since 1921, and from 1926 until N. Y. Eaglesmere, Pa. June 26-July 3. Cor. 1930 was executive secretary for home Sec.-Mrs. Edith C. Ashton, 1939 missions of the General Christian June 9-15-Church Conference of So- Grant Ave., Bustleton, Phile.delphia, cial Work, Montreal, Canada. Pa. Convention.

June 20-25 – Northern Baptist Con- Houston, Texas. October 28-Novem- Mrs. Elizab'"eth'" R'"ustin McCon- vention, Colorado Springs, Colorado. ber 1. Mrs. E. B. Mohle, 2309 Rob- inhood, Houston, Texas. aughey, the wife of Dr. David Mc- June 22-30 – Victorious Life Confer- Conaughey who was for some years ence. Keswick Grove, N. J. Lake Geneva, Wis. June 24-July 1. the Y. M. C. A. missionary in Madras, Mrs. Thomas A. Freeman, 5841 July 1-29-Institute of Race Rela- Kenmore Ave., Chicago, Ill. died at her home in Montclair, N. J., tions, Swarthmore College, Swarth- on May 18, at the age of seventy-two. more, Pa. Minnesota (Minneapolis – St. Paul). She was one of the founders of the September 16-23. Mrs. A. F. Au- Y. W. C. A. in India and was greatly July 2-7-International Christian En- guster, 1536 Van Buren St., St. beloved and honored by many mis- deavor Convention, Philadelphia, Paul, Minn. Pa. sionaries and Indian Christians who Mt. Hermon, California. June 29- enjoyed the hospitality of her home. July 4-7 – Conference on Christian July 6 (not definite). Mrs. W. F. Education and the 22d Annual Angwin, 1836 Clemens Road, Oak- Rev. Dr. Wm'". E'". S'"oothill, Profes- Meeting of the Presbyterian Edu- land, Calif. cational Association of the South. sor of Chinese at Oxford University, Montreat, N. C. Mountain Lake Park, Maryland. England, died on May 14 at the age July 31-August 6. Mrs. B. H. Sin- of 74. He went to China as a mission- July 6-14-Victorious Life Conference. cell, 103 2d St., Oakland, Md. Keswick Grove, N. J. ary of the United Methodist Church Northfield, Massachusetts. July 5-13. in 1882 and labored there for twenty- July 10 – 24 – Leadership Training Mrs. Virgil B. Sease, Parlin, N. J. five years, becoming one of the lead- School. Montreat, N. C. ing authorities of the world on Chi- Southern California (Los Angeles). nese life and language. He was born July 16-19-Annual Assembly, Amer- September 23-27. Mrs. Thomas M. in Halifax, the son of William and ican Association of Women Preach- Buley, 800 Rome Drive, Los An- ers. Aurora, Ill. geles, Calif. Margaret Soothill. He was stationed at Wenchow, China, from 1882 to July 20-28 – Victorious Life Confer- Warren, Ohio. September 17 and 24. 1907 and established there churches, ence. Keswick Grove, N. J. Mrs. Geo. Konold, 314 Scott St., schools, a hospital and a college. He N. E., Warren, Ohio. was for four years president of the July 24 – 31- Woman's Auxiliary Training School. Montreat, N. C. Winona, Indiana. June 26-July 2. Imperial University of Shensi Prov- Mrs. Lulu C. Hunter, 1021 S. Elm- ince. Among his best known books August 1-4-General Missions Confer- wood Ave., Oak Park, Ill. are "Three Religions of China"; "A ence. Montreat, N. C. Mission in China"; "Life of Timothy Obituary Notes Richard of China"; "A History of August 3-11-Victorious Life Confer- ence. Keswick Grove, N. J. Rev. T. Matsuyama, one of Japan's China," and "Anelects of Confucius." ~rea~est benefactors, died January 4 August 7-12 – World Convention of m hIS 90th year. In 1871, becoming *** the Disciples of Christ, Leicester, alarmed at the spread of Christianity, England. he began to study it secretly in order Miss Jane Addams, the world-fa- to know how to combat it. His antag- August 11-18-Foreign Missions Week onism changed to faith and with ten mous social welfare worker and peace of the Southern Baptist Convention others he was baptized. He became in the Blue Ridge Mountains on pastor of a church in Kobe which he advocate, died on May 21 aft~r a ma- the Southern Baptist Assembly helped to establish; in 1884 he assist- Grounds, Ridgcrest, North Carolina. ed in a translation of the Bible and jor operation for cancer. She would in 1911 was a member of the com- August 12-18-World Alliance for In- mittee to revise the translation of the have been 75 years of age on Septem- ternational Friendship Through the New Testament into Japanese. Churches. Geneva, Switzerland. ber 6. She was recently awarded a *** August 17-25-Vidorious Life Confer- Nobel prize in recognition of her ef- ence. Keswick Grove, N. J. Dr. David George Downey, mem- forts in behalf of world peace. She ber of the Methodist Board of Foreign August 18-22 – Universal Christian Missions, died March 7th in White was the founder of Hull House, Chi- Council for Life and Work. Geneva, Plains, N. Y., at the age of 76. Dr. Switzerland. Downey had helped to make the Meth- ~ago and had been for the past 46 odist Book Concern the largest organ- August 20-22 – Men's Conference. ization of its kind in the world. years greatly honored and beloved MontTf'at, N. C. *** because of her settlement work for August 22-Seut. I-Bible Conference. Montreat, N. C. Rev. William E. Boggs, Baptist the poor and underprivileged. She has missionary in South India for 42 August 30 – September 2 – Victorious years, died April 6, at Greenwich, been called a "priestess of under- Life Conference. Keswick Grove, Nova Scotia. N. J. standing" and kept open house for * '" '" Summer Conferences and prince and pauper alike. She has been Schools of Missions Dr. H. H. Tilbe, retired Baptist missionary to Burma, died March 4 honored with degrees by many uni- Affiliated with the Council of Women in Cincinnati, Ohio. Dr. and Mrs. for Home Missions and the Com- Tilbe had served under the Baptist versities. mittee on Women's Work of the Foreign Mission Society for 45 years. Most of their work was in Rangoon. Miss Addams was born in Cedar- Foreign Missions Conference '" '" '" ville, Illinois, of Quaker ancestors her DATl!:S AND CHAmMEN FOR 1935 The Rev. Abram W. Sparks, for- father having been a personal f;iend Bethesda, Ohio. July 29-August 2. mer executive secretary for home mis- Miss Mary 1. Scott, 310 Tomlinson sions of the General Convention of the of Abraham Lincoln. Among the Ave., Moundsville, W. Va. books of which she was the author Boulder, Colorado. June 23-29. Pro- gram Chairman-Mrs. Henry F. are: "Twenty Years at Hull House"; _ Hoffman, 741 Adams St., Denver, "Second Twenty Years at Hull Colo. House"; "Democracy and Social Eth- Chautauqua, New York. August 18- 24. Institute of World Missions, ics"; "Newer Ideals of Peace"; "The Mrs. F. C. Reynolds. 309 Woodlawn Road, Roland Park, Baltimore, Md., Spirit of Youth in the City SWtormeaetns''"~ Chairman. and "The Long Road of Memory."

HAYFEVER ASTHMA and SUMMER COLDS are nnne.essary. Complete relief only $1.00 pOltpaid. Nothing elle to buy. Over 40,000 HOLFORD'S WONDER INHALERS lold Idt year a10n.. Mail $1.00 today for full 1.8IOn'I reUef to THE DAN DEE CO., 252 HENNEPIN AVENUE, MINNEAPOLIS, MINN., or write for Fre. Booklet.

MISSIONARY The next issue of the REVIEW will ~enever

REVIEW OF THE WORLD be .a combined July-August number. If you are to be away from home for the Call comes from DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Editor the summer please send us your change of address now. EAST OF SUEZ VOL. LVIII JUNE, 1935 No.6 Personal Items sail by Publication and Business Office– Third and Reily Sts., Harrisburg, Pa. Dr. John R. Edwards, Secretary of p&O the Meth()dist Board of Foreign Mis- Editorial and Executive Office– sions; E. M. McBrier, lay member; To whatever part of the East the work 156 Fifth Avenue, New York City. Dr. Morris W. Ehnes, treasurer, with of the Faith may take you •.• Cunard Entered as second-class matter at Miss Juliet H. Knox, representing the White Star and P & 0 comhine to Woman's Foreign Missionary Society, make the way easy. You cross to Post Office, Harrisburg, Pa., under sailed from New York, April 20, for England by the largest fleet on the Act of March 3, 1879. North Africa, to study problems con- Atlantic ••• then sail eastward on the nected with the readjustment of Meth- new s.s. Strathnaver or s. s. Strathaird 25 cents a copy-$2.50 a year. odist work in that fielc;l. or any other fast luxurious P&O liners. Foreign Postage, 50 cents a year. . .Thus you use throughout the two Published monthly, except August. *** Lines preferred by travelers since All rights reserved. Copyrighted 1935. 1840 • •• on the Indian and Pacific British agents – Marshall, Morgan Dr. George B. Dean, for eighteen as well as the Atlantic oceans. Tra- and Scott, 12 Paternoster Buildings, years connected with the Board of ditions of seamanship and service that London, E. C. 1 shilling per copy, Home Missions and Church Extension have endured for nearly a century, 10 shillings a year. of the Methodist Church, has retired are your assurance of a safe and because of a serious heart affection. supremely comfortahle voyage. MISSIONARY REVIEW PUB~ LISHING CO., INC. Dr. Albert *Sc*hw*eitzer, African PENI NSULAR AND ORIENTAL AND BOARD OF DIRECTORS medical missionary, was honored on BRITISH INDIA ROBERT E. SPEER, Pre8ident his sixtieth birthday in Strasbourg, W"M. 1. CHAMRERLAIN, Vice-President where he studied and taught, by hav- STEAM NAVIGATION COMPANIES WALTER MCDOUGALL, Treasurer ing a city park named for him. He DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Secretary has just returned to his hospital at P & 0 liners sail regularly from London to Lambarene, Africa. Egypt, Sudan and the Persian Gulf, to India, SAMUEL MCCREA CAVERT Burma and Ceylon, to the Straits Settle- MRS. ORRIN R. JUDD Dr. Homer D*. B*roo*kins has retired ments, China and Japan, to Australia and WM. B. LIPPHARD New Zealand, East and South Africa, ERIC M. NORTH from the editorial staff of the Watch- Mauritius, etc. Convenient through book- JESSE R. W'ILSON man-Examiner. He had served that ings at attractively low fares can be arranged paper and its predecessor, the Exam- by your local travel agent or any office of A. L. WARNSHUIS iner, for 47 years. Cunard White Star Line. Complete informationfrom Your Local Agentor SAMUEL M. ZWE'MER *** CUNARD WHITE STAR Editorial Chat Sir Harold Mackintosh, President of the World's Sunday School Asso- GENERAL AGENTS Here is our Home Mission number. ciation has received a baronetcy from The subject is so vast that only a few King George, who thus recognizes the 25 Broadway New York 638 Fifth Ave. phases of it could be treated in one greatness of this organization. issue. The Indians, Negroes, Mexicans, Orientals, lumbermen, miners, Rev. and Mrs*. G*eor*ge G. Mahy, of mountaineers, West. Indies, Alaska, city slums, prison work, industrial Buckhorn, Ky., have been assigned to centers, Sunday school evangelism and missionary work in China under the religious work in rural districts are Presbyterian Board of Foreign Misall omitted or slightly treated. Some sions. Mrs. Mahy is a sister of Mrs. promised articles were not received in John C. Stam, who, with her husband, time for publication – and one – on was murdered in China December 8. "Christian Youth and a New America," by Roy A. Burkhart, was *** crowded out and will appear in July. This series is, however, varied and Brayton C. Case, an agricultural timely and will well repay study. missionary of the American Baptist Read them and pass them on. Foreign Mission Society, has been presented .with the Kaisar-i-Hind Sil- *** ver Medal for services to practical agriculture in Burma. Mr. Case is A Correction principal of Pyinmana Agricultural Sch,ool. In the frontispiece for our May number (showing some Mohammedan Fifty years ago Dr. Roberts had mosques) there was a transposition crawled on his hands and knees up of titles. The left-hand pictures to that ·same throne to ask permission shows the mosque at Woking, Eng- of the Burmese king to start mission land; the upper right-hand mosque is work among the wild Kachins. Misthat at Mogok, Burma, and the other sion work has now changed this peois that at Srinagar, Kashmir. ple from bandits and robbers into pro- tectors of the peace. *** *** A Word to the W ise~ Dr. Dan B. Brummitt, editor of the "I wish I could afford to have THE Central Christian Advocate, Kansas REVIEW and Women and Missions in City, Mo., was elected chairman of every Presbyterian minister's home of the Editorial Council of the Religious this land. . . . I can't see how any Press, composed of editors of Protminister can keep up his intelligence estant denominational papers. Dr. and interest without these magazines. Guy E. Shipler, editor of the Church- Lack of interest is almost always due to ignorance." (Concluded on third cover.) From a letter to Women and Mis- [257 ] sions from Dr. Frederick G. Coan of MinneapoIis (former mission- ary to Persia).

"Happy Is the Nation Whose God Is the Lord"

UNITE TO WIN AMERICA for CHRIST THROUGH PRAYER WITNESS SERVICE LIFE Present Situation in the United States—The Challenge Total Population,: 134,000,000 Protestant Christian Communicants, 30,000,000 Total Protestant Community, 70,000,000 Roman and Greek Catholic Community, 20,000,000 Non-Church Members (Including Children), 75,000,000 Unconnected with Any Christian Organization, 44,000,000

NARY

REVIB ORLD VOLUME LVIII AN INTERDENOMINATIONAL REvIEW OF WORLD-WIDE CHRISTIAN PROGRESS NUMBER SIX JUNE, 1935 Topics of the Times SAVING THE SOUL OF AMERICA 2. Progress. No land has offered· greater op- Every land has its special resources and culture portunities for progress than has North America. Territorially the United States has expanded from -its heritage and history. The United States of ocean to ocean. No old ironbound customs and traditions have prev·ented development; new ideas .America has been greatly blessed in its tlhoecacthioanr-' and plans have been tested by laboratory methods of its natural resources, in -in government, in education, in industry, in so- III the wealth cial customs and even in religion.

acter of its early settlers, and in its national his- But today the ambition for material progress threatens to cripple and destroy the nation. When tory. In spite of many dangers and difficulties- wealth becomes a great end in itself; when edu- cation leads to the deification of the intellect; or because of the battle against them-the coun- when industry develops into selfish warfare be- tween capital and labor; when statesmanship detry's development has been steady and remark- generates into petty party politics; and when social life takes on the characteristics and customs able, at least for the first century and a half of its of the jungle-then the soul of the nation is lost.

history. Wealth, education, culture, industry, in- 3. Service. Almost every nation seems to have been completely absorbed with its own national fluence, power have increased as long as national problems and with the struggle for existence. From its early years of independence America has ideals and Christian teachings have united to keep offered a haven for oppressed and underprivileged peoples. Not only the development of her own standards high and to develop strength. vast territory but international travel and com- merce and the sending abroad of money and mis- But in recent years the body and mind of Amer- sionaries, have enabled Americans to share their material and spiritual blessings with others. ica have been developed at the expense of its soul. Today many of these streams seem to be drying For America has a soul-a spiritual quality of life up. The desire to protect national industries and to avoid entangling alliances is keeping America that must be nurtured if the body is to be kept from adopting unselfish policies and from full co- operation in international courts. Our doors are healthy and is to function properly for the benefit now almost closed to immigrants and our mis- sionary activities are being curtailed. of mankind. The characteristics and vital reali- ties of the soul of America include: 1. Liberty. When the Western Hemisphere was discovered Europe was passing through the Dark Ages – politically, intellectually and religiously.

North America was settled by men and women who sought freedom to live and to work and to worship God in harmony with high intelligence, great industry and noble ideals. The liberty sought was in harmony with law-particularly the laws of God for the well-being of man.

When licence and lawlessness take the place of law and order-licence in dress, in behaviour, in amusements, in sex relations; lawlessness and laxity in regard to property rights and traffic- laws, in marriage and the sacredness of human 4. Spiritual. America was discovered about the life-then a land and its people lose the privileges time of the Protestant Reformation., The United of true liberty. Is it not time for America to re- States was settled from northern Europe by turn to the high ideals and the practice of liberty sturdy pioneers who brought with them their open in harmony with the laws which God has estab- Bibles and who sought to pattern their lives after lished for the physical, moral and spiritual good the revealed will of God rather than on the lines of all mankind? of humanistic or materialistic philosophies. Pure, [259 ]

monoganous family life in America has been held schools and colleges, irreligion in the homes, athesacred; character-making education has been of- istic propaganda, open immorality and obscenity fered to prepare all for unselfish service; Sunday, in published literature and public exhibitions. as the Lord's Day, has been respected as a day of Parents and teachers who have strict ideas of rest and worship; Church and State have been Christian standards of conduct are referred to by kept separate, not to exclude God and His laws modern youth as "belonging to the stone age," as from the State but to prevent the State from in- hopelessly puritanical or "old fogies." No doubt' terfering with religion. most of these youth do not intend any wrongdoing but they are reckless and like to throw off all When lawmakers lose their spiritual ideals and restraint… As a rule they are not to blame. They their sense of obligation to God; when the Lord's are following the trend of the times, are often Day is commercialized and secularized; when influenced by the teaching and example seen in moral standards in education are lowered, and their homes, their schools and colleges and in when a materialistic social order becomes men's public places. ideal, it means that the supremacy of God is overlooked or ignored. Government, education, in- The great problem of home missions today, is dustry and society, as well as religion, are then on not so much the problem of occupying new territhe toboggan. tory or establishing religious centers among neg- lected pioneers and primitive peoples, as it is the But America still has a soul-a spiritual life problem of manifesting a type of Christian faith and character-as well as a body-to be saved. and life that will be an evidence of its vitality Home Missions represent the effort of Christians and truth, and will attract others to Christ. It to extend and express that spiritual life and char- requires no argument to prove that a noble hisacter in service, according to the will of God as tory or good laws do not insure a strong nation. revealed in Jesus Christ. Until this soul of Amer- It requires also noble, high-minded citizens and ica finds expression in every nook and corner of loyalty to good laws and high ideals. the country, in every phase of American life, in all our laws and institutions and activities-until The great problem of home missions today, as then the Home Mission task of the Church of of every day and every land, is that of winning Christ will not be completed. Nationalism 'may individuals to high idealism, training young and be only a heathen ideal; patriotism may be igno- old to use their powers of body, mind and soul for rant and selfish; Christianity means not only character development and for the benefit of othloyalty to Christ and His program, but unselfish ers, revealing to them the Source of wisdom and devotion to one's country and to the welfare of power that will make their talents and resources humanity in every part of God's world. The effective. What other way is there of solving this home missionary ideal is to bring one's country problem than the Way of Christ. wholly under the control of God. But that ideal can only be realized by the surrender of every THE RECIPE FOR A HAPPY NATION individual and every institution and activity to Many ideals and programs are being tried out Christ. for making a strong, prosperous, happy nation- in Russia, communism and the success of the Five THE PROBLEM OF HOME MISSIONS Year Plan; in Germany, Nazism and the elimi- TODAY nation of all that is non-Teutonic; in Italy, Fas- cism and the development of a powerful central There is no greater problem today than that of government; in Japan, military power and exbringing American life into harmony with the pansion; in China, national unity and the realizaspirit and teachings of Jesus Christ. It is easy tion of Dr. Sun's principles; in India, self-govto recognize the great progress that has been ernment and the development of home industries; made by the United States in the past fifty years in European countries, national security and -territorial expansion and increase of popula- economic prosperity; in America', economic retion, in commerce and manufacture, in wealth and covery and no outside entanglements or interphilanthropies, in education and science–but ference. have we made similar progress in morals and social justice, in Christian character and life? Every intelligent and patriotic good citizen By these latter standards of measurement have wishes to see hi/} country strong and prosperous we gone backward or forward? Judged only by and at peace with the world. He wishes to see church attendance and church membership, sta- his fellow-countrymen free and happy and gaintistics show a numerical increase but proportion- fully employed-a blessing to themselves and. to ately we have been slipping. all mankind. But there are different views as to the guiding principles and the forces that produce More than this, anti-religious and unchristian such a nation and such a people. The all-wise influences are increasing-in the teaching in many

TOPICS OF THE TIMES

and all-loving Creator and Ruler of the universe This effort to persuade Germany to revert to has given clear directions, infallible rules for paganism may lead many astray through false attaining the desired result in personal and na- aims and a vain hope of unity and security. While tional life. Here are a few: all public Christian rallies, Protestant and Cath- olic, were forbidden, more than 15,000 anti-Chris- 1. Happy is the nation whose God is the Lord. Psalm tians recently (April 26th) gathered in the 33: 12. "Sportspalast" in Berlin to attack Christianity and in a less degree to express their sympathy 2. Happy is the man (or nation) whose iniquities are with the plan to organize a Nordic pagan moveforgiven. Psalm 32: 1. ment. Pagan symbols and swastika flags deco- rated the platform. 3. Happy is the man (or nation) whose strength is in God. Psalm 84: 5. While Hitler himself may not openly and direct- ly sponsor the anti-Christian movement, he and 4. Happy are they who do right at all times. Psalm the Nazis are seeking to establish a political, 106: 3. state-controlled Church-making God and His decrees of secondary authority to national laws, 5. Happy is he that has mercy on the poor. Proverbs some even declaring that "Reichsfuehrer" Adolph 14: 21. Hitler is God's spokesman and representative. The new religion seems to consist chiefly in in- 6. Happy is the man (or nation) who maketh the Lord tense German nationalism. Apparently the only his trust. Psalm 40: 4. rites of the Nordic pagan faith consist in a cere- mony for new-born children and a civil marriage 7. Happy are they who hear the Word of God and keep agreement. In the effort to establish a centralit. Luke 11: 28. ized, unified State Church, hundreds of Evangel- ical Christian pastors-700 in one week-have 8. Happy are they who hunger and thirst after right- been jailed or sent to concentration camps. Any eousness. Matt. 5: 6. public mention of these arrests is forbidden. There is also an attempt to bankrupt "confessional 9. Happy are the pure in heart . . . Happy are the churches and clergy" by taxes and withholding peacemakers. Matt. 5: 8, 9. stipends.

10. Happy is the man who keep~th the Sabbath. Isaiah But brute force cannot win over spiritual force. 56: 1. There are millions of Evangelical German Chris- tians who will withstand every effort to paganize 11. Happy are a people saved by the Lord. Deut. 33: 29. them and their children. They are strong, coura- 12. Happy is he who is not offended in me (Christ). geous men and women who know their Bibles and Matt. 11: 6. who have personal experience of the power of Christ. Danger of imprisonment and death can- Disregarding these clear directions and the not intimidate or silence them any more than it plain lessons of history, nations today seek secur- could silence or destroy the Apostolic Church. ity and prosperity through armaments, treaties, "Truth crushed to earth will rise again." Christ human laws and "recovery codes," through regu- is still the power of God and the wisdom of God. lation of crops and prices, by labor organizations and chambers of commerce, by social security acts EARTHQUAKES AND FAMINE-WHAT and increased taxation. At the same time they NEXT? neglect the cultivation of justice, righteousness, brotherly love and Christian education. Is it any Recently, on almost the same day, newspapers wonder that "Icabod" is so often written over were filled with reports of disaster in many parts legislative halls and business marts, over court- of the globe. Formosa, the large island about houses and educational institutions and even over 100 miles off the southeastern coast of China, churches? largely inhabited by Chinese but now ruled by Japan, reported (April 22) a severe earthquake in The Word of God comes to America, as to the which some 2,500 people were killed, nearly 7,000 people in the days of the prophet Isaiah: "Seek homes were wrecked, 250,000 people are reported ye the Lord, while he may be found; call ye upon homeless, and much other damage was done. This him while he is near; let the wicked forsake his is one of twenty-five great earthquakes of the way; and the unrighteous man his thoughts, and present century in which 290,000 people have lost let him return unto the Lord and he will have their lives. mercy upon him and to our God, for he will abundantly pardon." Formosa is a mountainous island about 235 miles long and 50 to 100 miles wide, with a popu- GERMAN ANTI-CHRISTIAN ACTIVITY Recent reports from Germany announce that the seventy-year-old General, Erich Ludendorff, the eccentric military genius of the World War, has appealed to the Teutonic people to abandon all faith in Christ and the Bible and to return to the worship of the Teutonic god Odin-whom he calls the "holy wellspring of German power." General Ludendorff claims that the Hitler drive for German unity and power will not be effective without national unity and that this unity is attainable only by the adoption of a Teutonic god-a legendary being.

lation of some five million Chinese, Japanese and Council to the Belgian Minister of the Colonies aborigines. The principal cities and towns are says in part: on the west coast. This is the island where Dr. The Colony has some 250 doctors. About 165 (of whom George Leslie MacKay, of the Canadian Presby- more than half are foreigners) belong to the official service, terian Church, carried on a very remarkable mis- 15 are in the Catholic mission service, and 50 belong to sionary work a half century ago. His work was the Protestant missions. The medical budget amounts to located in the north at Tamsui (Taihoku), while the English Presbyterian Church occupies sta- 76,000,000 francs. Of this total, Protestant doctors receive tions in the southeastern part of the island. The between 600,000 and 700,000 francs, being about 1%. The 15 Catholic doctors receive all expenses, just as though they were Government doctors; and the 50 Protestant doctors recent earthquake was confined to the west central receive only . . . 1%! Protestant hospitals, dispensaries, residences for doctors and nurses, and their entire equiparea of the island where there are no foreign ment have been paid for by the funds of the Protestant missionaries. missions, whereas all this has been furnished by the Gov- ernment to the Catholic missions. . . . Certain facts On the same day reports came from China that 12,000,000 Chinese are suffering from famine due clearly distinguish our medical work from that of the to drought in eight provinces-Hainan, Anhwei, Catholics: Ours was not established at Government ex- pense; it was not established to compete in any way with and Hupeh suffering most. Many victims are the work of another confession; it has never established said to have been reduced to eating the bark of a medical service in a region already served by a doctor trees, roots and grass, having exhausted the sup- belonging to another confession. In short, it has only ply of dogs and other domestic animals. Women thought of offering to the greatest number of suffering and children are being sold to the highest bidders. humanity the medical care of which before they had been deprived. . . . We know that often the Catholic mis- The central areas in the United States have sions, even with their subsidies provided by the State, been suffering from prolonged drought, followed refuse to receive Protestant patients on account of their by great dust storms that have swept up thou- faith.

sands of acres of surface soil and have carried What, then, is it that we ask? Medicine being a public service, we ask that the Colonial Department follow a the dust as far west as Los Angeles and as far policy inspired by the benevolent impartiality which Beleast as New York. Discomfort and disease have gium has engaged itself to practice in virtue of the Coloresulted from inhaling the dust; traffic has been nial Charter and in adhering to the Treaty of St. Ger- temporarily blocked in some places and large main-en-Laye: that the Government shall "protect and farms have been stripped of fertile soil. favour, without distinction of nationality or religion, all In the midst of these and many other wide- religious, scientific or charitable institutions and enterspread distresses and disasters it would seem that prises.

men, who have prided themselves on their phys- Regarding education the report goes on to show ical conquests, and on their discoveries and inven- how the same discriminatory measures have been tions in the scientific and natural realm, would pursued despite the fact that the Protestant turn from war and destruction to give all their Church has been the pioneer in the field and has energies to constructive activity to establish har- brought great blessing to the Congo. The report monious relations with nature, with one another gives instances where special prestige is given to and with God. The world needs to submit to the Catholic prelates by government's ceremonials to rule of Jesus Christ. impress the natives. It also cites case after case of cruelty practised upon the natives by priests ROME'S GREAT MISSIONARY ACTIVITY in order to induce them to turn Catholics.

The present Pope of the Roman Catholic Church Other reports tell how Roman Catholic mission- is very active as missionary propagandist. No aries are establishing schools and- hospitals near one need to be surprised and none should criticize some of the best Protestant stations in an effort him or his Church for such activity, but there may to draw off the Protestant adherents. Instances be grounds for criticism of Roman Catholic are given where children are intimidated and methods. The Protestant Council of the Belgian even beaten to make them stop attending Protes- Congo recently prepared a protest against some tant schools. The missionary representations to of these methods and against the favoritism the Belgian Government are not complaints shown to Roman Catholic workers and because against legitimate Roman Catholic activity but of discrimination against the work of Protestant call attention to unfair government discrimina- missions shown by Belgian officials in the Congo. tion and to cases of intimidation and persecution. These discriminations have been extremely detri- The present King and Parliament in Belgium are mental to evangelical work-especially to the more inclined to give Protestants fair treatment Protestant mission schools and hospitals-some or and have promised to see that these abuses cease.

which have been established in the Belgian Congo There is a great reason for thankfulness that the for half a century. case of evangelical Christians is in the hands of The document forwarded by the Protestant God. .

the Home Mission

By REV. MARK A. DAWBER, D.D., Philadelphia, Pa.

Superintendent of the Department of Rural Work, Board of Home Missions of the Methodist Episcopal Church T HE last five years have witnessed the round- church no less than government is called upon to ing out of the first century of organized home face the new demands of these changes. Our mission work in America. Several denomi- planned agriculture and industry to meet the new nations have been celebrating this century of ac- economic and social problems will require a new tivities and achievement. There is probably no home missions to bring to these new frontiers the chapter in American history more thrilling than dynamic of Christianity and unless this can be that which records the exploits of those early done and done quickly, there is grave danger that pioneers who blazed the trail into the American the mould of the new economic civilization will be wilderness, across the Rockies and penetrated into set without the safeguards and guiding principles of the Christian religion.* the far West, keeping pace with the population as it Are the days of pioneering in Home Missions Restated moved ever westward in search of new lands in which home missions past? Is there Home missions must now to settle. A few of these old more land to possess, a need for be restated in terms of presfrontier mission tasks re- more churches? There are re~ ent-day conditions. The primain but the work of estab- ported to be at least fifty mi1~ mary purpose is the same as lishing the Church in the lion people in America not con~ ever, that of making Jesus rapidly developing move- nected with any church-Cath~ Christ available, known and ments of the closing days of olic or Protestant. The task is accepted to underprivileged, the nineteenth century and still with us but it is different ignorant and indifferent peo- the beginning of the twen- from that which faced the early ple, and through Him to tieth, has never been com- bring people to a knowledge pleted. Many of the old fron- pioneers. Dr. Dawber points of God and His love for sintiers still remain, church- out ways in which we must fill ful man and to show the posless and godless, and are sibility of redemption and even now a challenge to the our church program with new salvation. From this point methods if we would win Amer~ ica for Christ.

Church. of view the problem is the But for the most part the same as in former days. But old frontier is gone. The old haphazard move- there is a difference in degree of need, and in the ment of peoples westward and the influx of multi- attitude of underprivileged people toward the tudes of foreign-speaking peoples from Europe to cause of their need. Home missions must do more take their pla'Ce in the rapidly-expanding indus- than meet these needs, it must address itself to tries, is gone-at least for the present-and there remove or overcome the causes. Too long have are those who predict that it is gone forever. The we been content to be the stretcher-bearer for an settling up process has given way to a settling economic system that was unj ust and therefore down process, that brings with it a new set of unchristian and that has cast its wreckage of life factors with which home missions must grapple. on the scrap-heap of humanity to be cared for by A planned economy to meet intensive living, as the Mission Boards and other benevolent institu- against the old easy-going policy of expansion, is tions. "Prevention is better than cure," but it is now the order of the day. New types of control less spectacular. It is much easier to arouse the are abroad in the land and many of them are here to stay. The old frontiers have gone but new • It was for this purpose that the Home Missions Council set frontiers, far more difficult and creating greater needs, have t aken the p1ace 0 f the oId. The forth to explore the situation and to record Its judgment and suggest nation, yes the whole world, is now in the throes a program and policy that would help the Home Mission Boards to of readjustment and reconstruction made neces- face up with the new task that lies before them. The results of sary becaus~ of these changing frontiers. The this study covering a period of five years were published a year ago in the book "Home Missions Today and Tomorrow." A casual glance at this volume will reveal the tremendous task that now confronts the Church If It is to occupy a place of respect and be ~~n~~:~t~~. in~.h~.n~~ economic, social and moral frontiers of our [263 ]

sympathy of people to give money to alleviate the administrative offices seeking employment. Othsuffering of people, than it is to get support to ers have gone directly to closed churches and prevent suffering. The Mission Boards must now offered their services at a mere pittance of a salmarch out on these new economic and social fron- ary, in order to get a shelter and enough to eat. tiers to wage war against any and every agency Mission Boards must be alert in protecting the and institution that in any way contributes to the use of funds for churches that will make an appeal poverty and destitution of the people. The decla- to supplement the salary of men who are serving ration of this new purpose will doubtless make under such conditions. In a word, the problem enemies of certain individuals and groups whose of competition is intensified as we pass from an consciences will prick them and who take refuge increasing population to a relative decrtasing one. in defensive mechanisms of traditional ways of expr,essing religion. On the other hand the ac- Institutional Changes ceptance of this new purpose will make a host of new friends and supporters who wish to help in Home missions must be restated in terms of constructive work for the rebuilding of society on certain institutional work. Schools, hospitals, a truly Christian basis. homes and certain social services have undergone a vast change. We are facing a very different set Among- Foreign Language Groups of factors that make unnecessary the develop- ment, and, in many instances, the continuance of Home missions must be restated at the point of this type of work. In the early days of pioneer the changes that have come to certain special life, it was right that the church should organize groups. The ministry to foreign-speaking peoples and promote such institutions. The state and the has received a considerable share of home mis- local communities were neither able or interested sion funds. During the expansion period of in- to do so and the church has rendered a muchdustry, people from other lands flocked to Amer- needed service in initiating and standing by such ica by the millions. To keep up with this invasion, institutions until the state and local communities and to meet the ever-moving stream of this migra- could care for this work. There are still certain tion, has been a most difficult task. No other situations where pioneer and underprivileged concountry has ever faced such a problem so that ditions obtain so that the church must continue there was no previous experience upon which to the work of education, hospital and relief service. develop the program. But this need is passing as a responsibility of the Mission Boards, and they must now frankly face We have now reached the end of this immigrant the task of readjustment that comes as the result movement, at least for the present. The tide has of the change. tu:vned and recent studies show that for every foreigner who came in under the quota in 1933, A National Responsibility thirty-five went out. From now on the task will be that of winning the second and third genera- Home missions must be restated as a national tion of the foreign groups. responsibility. Certain types of service are the primary responsibility, and the total church mem- This will require a program and a policy that bership must be made to feel the obligation. will be centered in the English-speaking churches Other lesser needs become the responsibility of that are in close proximity. There will be certain certain areas that have within them the resources exceptions, but for most situations it will require to care for them. Home missions must be claria readjustment of program to reach these people. fied at the point of this distinction.

Denominational Competition The intensive lifenow upon us will demand that mission funds be used for certain well-defined Home missions must be restated from the point types of service that will qualify as a national of view of comity and cooperation. The problem respon~ibility. In this class we include the work of competition was not a sensitive one in the days among Negroes, Southern Mountains, Alaska, of expansion for the denominations felt justified Puerto Rico, Hawaii, certain language groups, in locating new churches, since the future prom- needy industrial and rural areas and special projised rapid growth of population. This policy can ects that are rapidly developing under the reconno longer be defended and denominations are struction and rehabilitation program of the Govobligated to confer with one another as to the ernment. location of new churches to meet the changes that are necessary. The present situation and the immediate future require that the home mission task be more clearly Another element has now entered into the pic- defined, and restated and the projects selected on ture and that is making the task of comity and the basis of these new and more valid standards cooperation difficult. Hundreds of unemployed of missionary need and service. ministers are knocking at the doors of church

RESTATING THE HOME MISSION TASK

The Church Building Program phasized the primary work as related to present- ing Christ and His program to indifferent and un- The foregoing statement if true would suggest derprivileged people, there is also a responsibility a restatement of home missions in the field of that rests upon home missions in' its relation to church erection. If we have reached the end of the whole Church. Self-supporting churches form the expansion period, then it stands to reason the home base of giving for the work conducted there will be less demand for church expansion in by Mission Boards. If this spring of resources terms of building. That there will be many home dries up, there is little that the Boards can do. Remission needs in this field goes without saying. cent years have witnessed a terrific shrinking in Old frontier communities are still lacking in suit- the giving of the churches and this cannot all be able church buildings and equipment, but they charged to the "depression." The greatest loss will not be needed at every crossroads as in the took place in the so-called prosperity years, so past. Rather, they should be placed at strategic that we must look to some other cause than the centers of population development and changed depression upon which to hang the blame. . conditions of transportation. Many old churches are in need of remodeling and additions, and This loss in giving seems best explained by loss where this is necessary in missionary territory, of interest, not only in missions, but in Christithe home mission agencies will be faced with a anity itself. Jesus Christ is no longer an imperacontinuing responsibilty. tive fact in life. The majority of church members do not seem to have any deep concern about the A tremendous task also confronts the Church in redemption of the world. Jesus Christ is not a meeting the burden of indebtedness that rests significant factor in their own lives, therefore, upon hundreds of churches that have been erected they are not concerned about the significance of in recent years. The value of this service cannot Christ for others. This I believe to be the crux be overstated, but it must be segregated from of the present problem. People are not going to home missions except where the service is ren- strain themselves to make the Gospel available to dered in strictly home missio1;l projects. We do lesser privileged groups unless the Gospel is acnot desire to minimize the importance and the cepted as imperative for themselves. It is not place of church erection in the Christian enter- information about missions these people need, it prise, but rather to call attention to the changed is information about Jesus Christ and a vital relaemphasis that is necessary as the result of the tion to Him. change in the nature of the work as home missions passes from the expansion period to one of Home Mission Boards have a tremendous regeographical and population limitations. It is not sponsibility in the deepening of the spiritual life now a task of building more churches, but of pay- of the whole Church, to make Christ real and iming for those already built and developing and perative to the total membership and to quicken extending the ministry of the same. the sense of His abiding significance to all those who profess to be His followers. If this can be Home Missions and Christianity done, there will be new hope and larger resources with which to carryon the enlarging task of mak- Our task must also be restated in terms of the ing America Christian. total Christian enterprise. While we have em- FROZEN SPIRITUAL ASSETS and For years the world has staggered under haastrebmeeenndthoeusfrowzeeinghatssoeftse.coBnoumt iacllstthriengfreonzcey~ one of the major reasons for this situation assets are n~t ~aterial. There are the potential assets of faith, hope, and love frozen solid under ~h.e thIck Ice of prayerlessness, complacency, irritability, and insincerity. Frozen moral and spIrItual assets are, as a rule, exclusively individualistic in nature and self-inflicted.

Many of us have not been worthy stewards of God, wisely dispensing the spiritual wealth entrusted to our keeping. We have permitted ourselves to become pawns and slaves to fluc- tuating commercialism and have deteriorated vinaltuoesspiisriotufapladrwamaorfus~tbiymbpoowrtianngcae titnhtehaelbtaurilod-f materialism. The fair appraisal of intrinsic ing of a life. .

. A power greater than our own is needed to liquidate the frozen assets of the soul. Jesus Chrlst has that power.-Rev. Harry G. Earle, in "The Christian Advocate."

Changing Frontier in

By REV. HERMANN N. MORSE, New York Author of liToward a Christian America"

THE dominant force in the development of its, who always answer the call of adventure, rest- home missions from its beginnings until now less, reckless men for the most part; those who has been the frontier, in much the same way have encountered misfortune, or who have failed that childhood dominates the school, or that sick- to get ahead in the old and have turned to the new ness dominates the hospital. Without the one the for a fresh start, hard-working, substantial folk, other would never have been. ready to pull the wheelhorse's load; and those who just cannot abide the restrictions or accept The historian, Frederick J. Turner, was the the responsibilities of developed community life. first to elaborate the theory of the frontier as a controlling influence in our There are always two national history. Other his- sides of the frontier picture, torians, such as Charles A. What has become of the geo- what is left behind and what and Mary R. Beard and graphical frontier which has lies ahead of the moving pop- James Truslow Adams, have been pushed westward into the ulation line. For the commumade much of the signifi- Pacific Ocean? With churches nities out of which the micance of the frontier. Peter and Christian institutions scat- grants have come there is a G. Mode, in a suggestive lit- tered all over the land, why is greater or less degree of tIe book published a few not the task of home missions stagnation. Ahead of them years ago, emphasized the completed? Dr. Morse answers is the raw newness of the contribution of the frontier tIhnisonqeuesesntisoe nt-haet hleoamset imn ispsairotn. frontier. Thus there has al- task will never be completed unspirit to the development of til every man, woman and child ways been the contrast of American Christianity. In has at least a fair opportunity the old and the new, in some the thought of these writers, to know and accept Christ and sense a conflict between the most distinctive charac- to live a normal Christian life them, a conflict between the teristics of American life in a Christ-governed commu- rigidity of the old and the have been a direct result of nity. That will be only when plasticity of the new, bethe way in which this coun- Christ reigns supreme. tween the conservatism of try was settled and has the old and the adventure- grown to maturity. The ness of the new, between the frontier, or rather the suc- orderly organization of the cessive frontiers, furnished the keynote of the old and the militant individualism of the new. process. At no point in the story of the nation is this so evident as in the development of the home Always, too there has been the sense of change impending, and actually going on. Such change mission enterprise. has been thought of as toward something "bigger Even the more obvious aspects of our national and better," a slogan as typically American as "E Pluribus Unum." A steady and practically history reveal the effects of certain constant, or unlimited growth has been accepted as our na-' at least constantly recurring, influences. New ter- tional destiny. Every new village has dreamed ritories were opened to settlement. Populations metropolitan dreams. Every new business has were redistributed. Our history began on that thought in terms of empire. note and each decade adds illustrations. The process is not yet completed. Only yesterday we It is easy to see why the frontier idea domi- read of new projects in Alaska, in Arkansas, in nated home miss-ions. The man who isn't going Washington, in Tennessee-magnets for thou- anywhere needs no guide. If he is building nothsands of families. Each new advance from first ing, he needs no carpenter. If he is mature and to last had its scouts, pathfinders and surveyors. in good health, he needs neither nurse nor physi- Each drew people out of old settlements to estab- ciano But the frontier meant that many people lish new. Generally, the same three classes of were going places, were building things, were people have responded; the bold pioneering spir- growing up in new environments, were struggling [266 ] to overcome obstacles, were enduring hardships. The following decade saw work extending into Home missions was simply the way of the Church Nevada, Montana, Wyoming, Arizona, Utah and to serve such people. Frontier meant something among the Indians and the Spanish-speaking peo- primitive, unformed, lacking in the privileges and ple in the Southwest. This decade also confronted values which we associate with normal living. the churches with the tremendous problems inci- What the frontier meant concretely in the his- dent to the freeing of theNegro slaves.

tory of home missions is too long and too familiar The next two decades saw the extension of work a story for retelling here. The frontier and home into Alaska, the beginning of work among Hun- missions were children together and grew up to- garians and the definite crystallization of the gether. We may date the beginning of an organ- concern of the Church for its ministry among ized program for home missions on a national European immigrants and for the problems of its scale at around 1800. From that time until the growing cities. At this time, too, the Southern present practically every decade confronted home Mountains were rediscovered as a missionary missions with some strikingly new situation, problem. The same decades saw the initiation of either a new territory to enter, a new type of pop- the modern program of Sunday School Missions.

ulation to serve, or a new sort of problem to solve. In the last decade of the century occurred the Furthermore, in each decade the advance agents beginning of work in lumber camps and, as the of home missions were scouting out the tasks that century was drawing to a close, the entry by the would engage the Church in subsequent decades. Church of Cuba and Puerto Rico.

By 1800, mission work was under way in all The first decade of the new century saw the be- of the Atlantic seaboard and New England states ginnings of the modern programs of country and in Kentucky and Tennessee. Without attempt- church work and of city church extension and also ing too exact a chronology, it will be of interest to the organization of the great interdenominational recall some of the high points of the later progress bodies in tlie field of home missions.

by decades. This was followed by the launching of the The first decade saw work extending into Mich- cooperative program in Santo Domingo, the de- igan, Ohio, Indiana, Louisiana and among the velopment of a program of work among migrants, Cherokee Indians in the south and the Tuscarora the beginning of service to the Filipinos, and the Indians in the north. facing of the emergency situations created by the The second decade added Illinois, and Missouri conditions of the past few years.

when Salmon Giddings established in St. Louis Through all these years the program of home the first Protestant church west of the Mississippi. missions has had to make provision not only for In this decade occurred the great mission tours of carrying the old and continuing tasks, but for Mills and Schemmerhorn through the Mississippi constant extensions into new fields and the under- Valley as far south as New Orleans in which was taking of new tasks. It is natural enough to ask revealed the religious destitution of that great whether that is still true today and whether there era. is still a place for the frontier idea in home The third decade saw work extended into Ar- missions.

kansas and Wisconsin. In answering this question we will consider the The fourth decade was marked by expansion in frontier in four of its persistent aspects.

many directions. Work was initiated in Minne- People on the Move sota, Kansas, Oklahoma, Iowa and Texas. The Ponds began work among the Sioux Indians in The first of these concerns that hardy perennial Minnesota to be followed not long afterward by of all the days of home missions, the new settle- John P. Williamson and Stephen R. Riggs. Jason ment and the problem of 'people on the move.

Lee, Marcus Whitman and H. H. Spalding began People are still on the move in this country. A their epic-making labors in the far northwest. saying of James Truslow Adams that "America The fifth decade added Nebraska in the middle is settled up and Americans must settle down,"

west, New Mexico in the southwest and California is sometimes quoted as though the redistribution on the coast. In the latter state mission work was of American population had practically come to begun within a year after the discovery of gold an end. On the contrary, there is under way right and the start of the great overland trek. There- now a redistribution of population of considerable after population began to flow from both east and magnitude. Many forces are at work in this, in- west into the Rocky Mountain states. cluding drought, unemployment, emergency, pub- During the sixth decade work was begun in lic works, federal policies for the acql1isition of Colorado and South Dakota. The first church for marginal lands for park purposes or for reforest- Orientals, outside of Asia, was organized in San ation, and other forces too numerous to mention.

Francisco. ' So far as the numbers involved are concerned, it

is likely that the present decade will witness as in northern Michigan, Wisconsin and Minnesota. great a dislodgment of people from their old A considerable number of such Homestead Projhomes as any decade in the history of the nation. ects are now under way or are planned.

Not all of such population movements, of course, During the past five years there has been more create new situations for home missions since individual homesteading in some parts of the west much of the movement of the population is into than in many years previous. A missionary in communities already provided with churches. New Mexico, for example, found in a certain area But constantly new situations are being created. several hundred newly arrived families among whom two promising churches have been organ- Some years ago when construction was begun ized. In Arkansas, an area of 20,000 acres of on Boulder Dam, seven denominations associated fine, fertile land has been reclaimed by drainage. with the Home Missions Council cooperated in Recently, families began to move in from different the establishment of a joint religious enterprise counties in the state. Here the missionary has for the 7,000 or more people who made up the organized a Sunday school which has from 150 inhabitants of Boulder City. A minister was to 200 attendance. Elsewhere in the west one established, a church organized, a building erect- missionary reports that he has had contact with ed, and a fruitful program of religious ministry sixty-eight different communities and another has been carried forward. Now this enterprise with fifty-one. In almost all of these settlements is nearing completion well ahead of schedule and no religious work was being maintained except people are beginning to move out. However, what the itinerant missionary could provide. there are still 1,400 children and young people in Boulder City, an amply worth-while field of min- All sections of the country have by now become istry. accustomed to the challenge and the opportunity represented by the CCC Camps. Recently the In Washington, work is under way on the announcement was made that during the present Grand Coulee Dam, which is a very much larger year the number of such camps would be increased project than the Boulder Dam. Here about 5,000 from 1,468 to 2,916, and that the number of young men are working and a cooperative religious pro- men in them would be increased from 303,000 to gram is already under way. This is an irrigation 600,000. project designed to impound the waters of the Columbia River in the Grand Coulee for the ulti- Many illustrations of this sort could be given. mate irrigation of 1,750,000 acres of the Columbia The problem of missionary extension which they basin. The soil is rich, only needing water, and create is no whit less important than the similar when irrigated the basin will furnish homes for problem in the days of the covered wagon. Here 40,000 families on small farms. are people in new surroundings. Some will re- main in a given location only for a short time. Forty-two miles up the Columbia River from Others are building their homes and establishing Portland, Oregon, is the Bonneville Dam now in permanent communities. Whether they are in the process of construction where 2,000 or more men one case or the other, they present a definite need are now being employed. Here, too, a cooperative for the ministry of the Church. religious program is under way. The Unserved Populations Considerable publicity has been given to the various homestead projects being developed by the Equally insistent is the problem presented by Federal Government as a part of its program of the unserved populations, who for one reason or relief and rehabilitation. another are not reached by the existing churches. This is a second aspect of the frontier which has At Crossville, Tennessee, for example, is located long engaged the attention of home mission agenthe Cumberland Homestead. This is designed for cies. Some of the most significant and stirring 350 families, each of whom will have a small farm episodes of home mission history have been conwith a fine modern house. These families are cerned with the efforts of the church to carry its being recruited from the ranks of unemployed ministry of service across the lines of race and . coal miners and others who in their former homes color and class. This phase of extension has been have had an insufficient measure of support, most a task as great in extent as the primary task of of them being on the relief rolls. Here will be geographical extension and has been more difficreated a new community of possibly 1,500 select- cult. This does not present many entirely new ed people. phases, now that immigration from foreign coun- tries has virtually ceased, but in even its oldest In the Matanuska Valley of Alaska, near An- aspects it is a task as yet largely uncompleted. chorage, a similar homestead project is under way which will provide homes for 200 families. These The most recent challenge has been that of the families, many of them of Swedish or Finnish considerable number of Filipinos on the Pacific extraction, with many young children, are being selected from among those who are now on relief

THE CHANGING FRONTIER IN AMERICA

Coast. Before the Filipino immigration was sus- dren in such migrant families hardly one in fifty pended last year the number of arrivals, coming is now being served through this program.

chiefly by way of Hawaii, had reached a total of Frontiers of Poverty 60,000, most of whom have settled in California.

A report' just received from an interdenomina- In the third place we are still confronted by the tional executive, who recently surveyed this situa- frontiers of poverty and need in all the distinctive tion, summarizes the problem in cryptic phrases: missionary areas in which work is being carried Sixty thousand-mostly young men. No legal protec- on. There is a disposition among some to assume tion. Migrant seasonable workers. Living conditions bad. that except for the emergency created by the pres- Gambling and shooting common. Little being done for ent depression, the need for missionary work in them. Not welcome as a rule 'in American churches. the fields of education, health and community The Christian work among them is largely car- service has been largely eliminated by the developried on through Filipino Christian Fellowships, ment of public agencies.

which are interdenominational in character, but A government bulletin has just been received in many cases sponsored and assisted financially reporting the results of a survey of social and by denominational groups. An annual conference, economic conditions in the Southern Appalachi- on a definite constitutional basis, of all of these ans. This document, replete with maps and charts Fellowships on the Pacific Coast is now in process and tables, bears sober testimony to the contin- of formation. There are in California seven dif- uance of those conditions which prompted the ferent centers having each from 3,000 to 10,000 development of the mission program in that area.

Filipinos, while others are scattered all along the A few facts, culled at random from the report, coast. The present program of service needs to show that there is still physical isolation in the be very greatly extended and greatly strength- mountains. In over sixty counties less than a ened. third of the farms are located on improved roads.

Of all the racial groups with which Protestant To anyone who has ever ridden over unimproved mission agencies have had contact through the roads in the mountains this speaks volumes. On years doubtless the least progress has been made 30% of the farms the total value of all farm with the Jews. Much has been written concern- products sold, traded, or used is less than $400 ing the importance of developing the Christian per year per farm. For sixteen townships, the approach to the Jewish people. They are an im- average per farm is $25'7. Let any housewife pressively influential element of our national life. figure how far $257 a year in cash or farm prod- They are widely scattered, being found in consid- ucts could be made to go for the support of a large erable numbers in almost every city and large family. Typical public school conditions are still town in the country. It is conceded that very below average in the mountains. In seven coun- many of them have no more than a nominal at- ties, over one-fifth of the children of public school tachment, if that, to the church of their fathers. age do not attend school. In twenty-three coun- Today, as always, the general attitude of the ties, three-fourths or more of those of high school Christian Church toward the Jews is as great an age are not in school. Eleven counties show an obstacle in the way of the Christian ministry to illiteracy rate of 7% or more among children 10 them as is their attitude toward the Christian to 20 years of age. In seventeen counties the Church. average school year covers less than 135 days. In Almost any of the other distinctive racial two whole states more than one-half of the teach- groups in America would serve as an illustration ers in public school have had no more than high of the need that still remains for the pioneer school education.

extension of missionary work. The national con- . In the West Indies ference, held last winter, on evangelical work among the Italians was an impressive demonstra- A recent volume of the Foreign Policy Associa- tion of the substantial progress which had been tion on "Problems of the New Cuba," gives a made and of the splendid leadership which had vivid picture of difficulties to be duplicated in been developed. But it equally demonstrated the other West Indian islands. This study, while size and importance of the work remaining to be showing the great progress that has been made done. The same could be said of the annual con- in many fields since the formation of the Republic, ·ferences of the Council of Spanish-speaking Work. piles up the evidence of pressing economic, educa- There is justifiable satisfaction in the program tional, health, and welfare needs. Half of the sponsored by the Council of Women for Home population are illiterate. The general standard Missions for service among migrant workers. of living is low and fluctuating. Economic prob- But the satisfaction must be tempered by the lems are complicated and difficult. A summary of realization that of the estimated number of chil- case studies of forty~one typical families showed

that only seven had a total annual income in cash A Frontier of Ideas and Ideals and in goods in excess of $500. Ten families showed annual incomes of less than $300. Finally, there is a frontier of ideas and ideals of which home missions must continue to take ac- Similar citations could be made with respect count. An eminent preacher said recently: to many other large groups within the home mission field. The plain fact is that millions of peo- Scientific knowledge has its limits, not temporarily but ple, quite aside from the emergency of unemploy- permanently. There are areas of our experience where ment, are living below a reasonable sustenance life essentially is and always must be an adventure into level, and that no possible extension of govern- the unknown. The chief value of knowledge is not that mental service can be expected wholly to meet it makes everything certain, but that it constitutes a their needs for the facilities of normal living. frontier backed by vast resources from which expeditions into the unknown may hopefully set out. These things have a bearing upon the service ministry of home missions. Even moreunmis- Home missions has had a value in the Church takable is the case for its evangelistic ministry. Every study of the church situation in America over and above the value of its specific accomhas indicated the uneven degree of success in winning to Christian fellowship the inhabitants of plishments in that it has kept alive the importance different sections and different types of communities. Even more significantly such studies have of' certain great human and religious questions. demonstrated the insecurity and the inadequacy of the churches upon'which many people depend. It has been a concrete demonstration of the The recent volume by Drs. Douglass and Brunner, "The Protestant Church as a Social Institution," Church's concern for human welfare in the broadreveals the fact that the average church both in city and country is below the point of effective- est and most fundamental sense of that term. ness in program, leadership, financial strength and membership. It is pointed out that between Really to apprehend and accept the full signifi- 1,000 and 1,500 rural churches are abandoned every year and that many of these are in commu~ cance of the missionary movement implies comnities which do not receive adequate service from any other existing churches. Thus the rural mitment to the principles of social justice and areas continguous to most cities and towns, the economically retarded areas, generally, and many universal brotherhood. It is still too true that thousands of scattered rural neighborhoods in all parts of the country, are deprived of effective many people are held back in their advancement Christian leadership and service. by handicaps for which they have not been respon- sible and which they cannot overcome unaided.

Many are the victims of arbitrary and unChris- tian discriminations. One Christian mission to America is not completed by preaching the Gospel and by the performance of kindly services for those who are in need-important as these are.

It would not be completed thus, even if all indi- vidual Americans were nominally won to an ac- ceptance of Christian discipleship. Implicit in the task is the making Christian of our collective life and beyond that the christianizing of our total influence as a nation in the world. This frontier of ideas and ideals lies all around us.

Here, then, are four Louisiana aspects of the frontier Purchase which still persist. They do not wear quite the same face as in genera- Ceded by in tions past. They have Mexico different symbols and 1848 must be met with differ- 1 7 8 g e n t measures, but to as great a degree as ever in the past they demand from the C h u r c h of.

Christ a pioneering en- LATER ADDITIONS thusiasm, an unquench- Alaska Territory able zeal and an uncon- Hawaii and Guam Puerto Rico quering faith. The Philippines Virgin Islands, W. I.

"CHARACTER MAKES CITIZENSHIP – RELIGION BUILDS CHARACTER"

was the slogan of the St. John's Lutheran Church School in the civic parade at Allentown, Pennsylvania.

Thirteen nationalities were represented in. national costumes.

The Problem of Unassimilated Americans By the REV. W. C. SCHAEFFER, Allentown, Pa.

Pastor of the St. John's Evangelical Lutheran Church T HE presence of the foreigner among us to agitation and incitement to violence that aim again raises an issue that is acute. Sentiment at the destruction of constitutional government and interest in this matter advance and re- and at the overthrow of our institutions. Sixteen cede in waves. For years the attitude is one of such agencies under long range direction by the apathy or aloofness and then suddenly some crisis Russian Soviet are said to be operating here and shocks us to awareness of.the number, vigor and a sharp curb should be put on radicalism foment- origins of our newer immigrants. In times of ed from alien sources. Confirmed terrorists also danger or distress unassimiIated groups are held offer a knotty problem that cannot be handled in suspicion as a menace or a burden and great softly.

need arises for the exercise of fairness and right Moreover the crisis created by non-employment judgment. seems greatly intensified by the unassimilated The many angles to this question defy identical mass of foreign population. Much capital has treatment. Some phases call for highly special- been made of the use of the uncanny coincidence ized skills of trained experts in government de- that the number of unnaturalized aliens plus the partments. None of us are for unbridled license illegal entrants, 5,748,760, equals roughly the [271 ]

total number of our unemployed workers.. These It was in answer to the world's great need that figures can be repeated carelessly enough to imply the Son of God came as the world's Saviour. that the sole responsibility for the present unem.- ployment situation rests with this group. Need offers the challenge to the Church to strengthen rather than reduce the ministering In any case certainly the cure does nQtlie in forces. Jesus' word is "the whole need not a precipitate action making for nominal citizenship. physician but they that are sick." Not survival This high privilege should be sought only on the basis of mature judgment and conviction, a mat- but conquest is the fit slogan of the Church. ter of character not of expediency. Pressure A first approach can be based on that which is directed from any other motive will work disastrously. Isaac F. Marcosson said recently, best in the background of the groups to be influ- enced. Many foreigners who do not impress us Although millions of aliens refrain from assuming the even as literate because of their struggle· with a strange language can order their thoughts coherobligations of citizenship because of indifference or lack ently, have a highly developed sense of apprecia- of conviction, which makes for divided loyalty, others are tion in music and art. Indeed a frequent obstacle is encountered in their loss of respect because glad to do so because of the ~irage of easy money. Since many customs current here run counter to supe- the agitation for the Townsend plan, naturalization of- ficers, particularly in California, have done a booming rior customs prevalent in the old world. In the mind of many aliens culture is more important business with sixty-year and older aliens eager to get under the Utopian umbrella. The prospect of $200 a month for the rest of their lives is obviously a far more than outward acctimmulation which is too gener- ally accepted as a symbol of success among us. potent lure to citizenship than safety and succor under Their filial obedience and'fiqelity in religious obthe American flag. . servance often rise. up ito shame us. In many centers Young Women's' GhristianAssociations have done a noble work. . Groups of fo;reigners are encouraged to give expression "in folk. f~sti­ vals and homeland exhibits to that whicp is p()te~…

and characteristic racially. Often these are liIiked with exhibits of production here that mak~ easy the transition in thought from their native home to the home of their adoption. .

But much more is needed to knit into our na- tional fabric the lives of our new Americans. This is a matter of character and character is the fruit of religion. This is the business of the Church. The point of contact here is in the ris- FOREIGN BORN PREPARING FOR NATURALIZATION ing generation. In the old world, because of the prevalence in most countries of the es,tablished Despite all these difficulties it is amazing how church, religious instruction is incorporated in the most of them dissolve under the application the scheme of general education. We do not have of faith. The problem is largely one of penetra- this in America and we do not want it. But in tion into the isolation of these people's separate our system of education we are under a queer existence and this is the purpose of Christianity. obsession in our interpretation of the principles The crux is not in the barriers raised by the of the founders. Their idea of religious freedom communities of foreigners as much as in the reluctance to function on the part of the people whose was a freedom to cultivate faith and piety. We very business is goodwill. In every community exercise our freedom to neglect faith and piety. where there are foreigners there are churches; As Dr. Butler said last December in his address these churches should constantly be exerting the to the trustees of Columbia University, "So far spirit of interest and helpfulness and serVice that as tax supported schools are concerned, an odd becomes a bond of union and leads to oneness of ideals, aspirations and desires. situation has arisen. The separation of Church and State is fundamental in our American politi- This calls for much reconstruction of thought on the part of the followers of Christ. It is the cal order, but so far as religious instruction is rep:r-oach of Protestant churches that they retreat concerned, this principle has been so far departed under the pressure of need in adversely-changing from as to put the whole force and influence of environments. This is reversing the Divine order. the tax-supported school on the side of one ele- ment of the population-namely that which is pagan and believes in no religion wha,tever . . . The school would. refrain from religious instruc- tion of any type, but it would also cease from a

THE PROBLEM OF UNASSIMILATED AMERICANS

policy which now makes it impossible for the song was arranged to which the children invited family or the church to put religious instruction their parents. A beginning was made with an upon its true basis." Then Dr. Butler declared old-fashioned magic lantern; then a balopticon that the allotment of a definite time for religious was secured; then a silent/ motion picture proteaching away from the school building would jector and now improved sound for a community lead parents and children "to look upon religious night that repeats its program three times and instruotion as vitally important and as constitut- attracts three thousand people. This community ing an essential part of the process of education." night has built up a Sunday church night which We record the solemn conviction that the real draws many of the same audience, and in which menace in America is not in the limited group of familiar visual projection aides are used for the agitators of violence but in the ever-growing hymns and even for portions of the liturgical number of the rising generation, estimated today service. In these ways a whole community of at about seventeen million, whose lives are un- divergent and often hostile elements has been reached by any positive religious influence whom brought together in the spirit of understanding we are yielding up as legitimate prey for exploita- and goodwill. tion. In their hands rests the destiny of our country. Incidentally the life of the church. becomes transformed. Instead of an ailing, anemic church Our foreign population need not be a liability there grows a vigorous, flourishing church. There but an asset. In one great industrial center this are the verve and zest of an enthusiasm that is has been demonstrated in an experiment running born only in engagement in a redemptive task over the past sixteen years. A congregation that and mission. Standards of sacrifice and generosfound itself in the midst of a rapidly-changing ity are set that deepen spirituality and widen the environment made a survey of the pupils in the sphere of influence. A church school whose spirit public school located in the same block with the ordinarily is as dryas dust rises on a tide of church and was amazed to learn that its enroll- youthful devotion. The very neglected groups set ment embraced twenty-two nationalities. Among a tempo for action and movement that changes a the elementary pupils 157 were found who never staid and discouraged congregation into a lifeattended any church school. A weekday school giving source of energy and power. of religion was organized for intensive training in Christian life and leadership on the basis of a This is the Church's contribution to the soluthorough-going study of God's Word. In the first tion of our country's greatest problem. Ours is year the roster of students embraced seventeen nationalities as follows: American, English, Ger- the unenviable reputation of being the most lawman, Italian, Hungarian, Slavish, Austrian, Jew- less nation on earth. Crime cost in excess of ish, Negro, Lithuanian, Russian, Czecho-Slovak- twelve billion dollars last year. Each year we ian, Polish, Hellenic, Irish, French and Swiss. have about twelve thousand homicides, a thousand This school has grown in influence until now there a month. In 1933 over 350,000 persons were comare some 869 pupils enrolled with a faculty staff of mitted to penal institutions, the majority of whom 46 members with daily operation on released time were young .men who never had any religious from the public school. There are approved chan- training. Perhaps some people come by crime nels for registering self-expression in behavior, stUdiousness, witnessing, stewardship and serv- honestly. Nearly all crime can be controlled at ice. Among the teachers each year are fourteen the source by a new conception and a new directo sixteen college students who have the ministry tion being given to growing life. This is the in view and who acquire an invaluable training essence of the mission of Christianity. that will enable them in the future to face with a sense of ease and mastery the grave problems Our day needs a new and vivid interpretation confronting the Church today. It has been proved of Pentecost. Before the Spirit descended on that the one unanswerable argument that can be Peter his speech lacked something. It was wholly put into the mouth of youth today with which provincial. He cowered with dread under the to meet the criticism aimed at the Church is a taunt of a maidservant who challenged him with, changed life, a rich, full life in Christ. "Surely thou art a Galilean for thy speech betray- eth thee." But after Pentecost Peter's language Early in this experience it was learned that it struck a universal note, "Behold, are not all these is not enough to lift children for an hour or two which speak Galileans? And how hear we every a week out of an environment into which they man in our own tongue, wherein we were born? sink back only to revert to type. This was like Parthians, and Medes, and Elamites, and the bailing out a bucketful only for the flood of waters dwellers in Mesopotamia, and in Judea, and Capto pour in again. An evening of pictures and padocia, in Pontus, and Asia . . ." There is one universal language. It is the language of the heart, of love-God's love in Christ.

versus the "Isms"

By REV. GAlUS GLENN ATKINS, D.D., Auburn, New York Author of "Modern Religious Cults and MOtJements," etc.

"ISM" is no word at all, only three letters- It is easy to make all this too remote and the- neither verb, noun, adjective nor adverb- ological, but the practical bearing is plain. Un- just a suffix, and yet a good dictionary has less there is something detached from our con- trouble enough telling what it does to the words fusions, perplexities, even our most promising to which it is added. It changes an act to a programs, we are simply lost in our own fog.

process, a· condition to a theory, a quality to a There is all about us an entangling play of inter- peculiarity, the specific to the general and a prin- ests, each one of which wants to use everything ciple or a program to a state of mind. Finally we else for its own ends, no one of which is ample make a poor, indefinite kind of noun out of it and enough or final enough for the meanings and des- write or talk about "isms," usually to condemn tiny of life. The Church reflects this. It has them, unless they happen to be our favorite shaped so much of its life to fit the patterns of "isms." There can never have been more of this this or that order. An entangled Church cannot than just now. One has only to begin to make a speak to a world of hates and fears and hopes as list of the "ism" words in current use to find that it ought. But Jesus Christ can. For the sake of out. The list would include politics, economics, what is timeless and divine Christianity must not sociology, religion, the whole field of contempora- be captured by lesser interests, used for "ism"

neous thought and action, and before one finished ends.

it there would be a new one. The list itself would Its supreme service is to approach life from the represent the confusions and the quests of a con- outside and from above. And for the sake of our fused and questing time – our present general human interests, it must not permit itself to be state of mind. confined by any social, political or economic pat- Christianity is caught in it all, unescapably. tern. Its mission has always been to save them Christianity has always had enough "isms" of its from themselves. There are ways of living and own. It still has many of the old ones and many working together through which the essential disturbing new ones, or else the old have simply spirit of Christ can express itself better than changed their clothes. It is also involved in the others. No doubt of that. It cannot, we are be- social, political and economic confusions as never ginning to see, be true to itself in many aspects before. Some deny it (a stronger word is really of what we now call capitalism. Some would go needed), some use it, a few are trying to capture much farther. That soulless system, they say, is it. What can it do? What ought it to do? No alien and hostile to the corporate expression of the one can answer those questions finally at present, Christian spirit. Militant nationalism is even least of all in the limits of a brief article. more profoundly impossible for a real Christian- 1. Christianity must, I think, keep above and ity, militarism is utterly un-Christian. But apart from any of them. It is more than anyone Christianity is more than the putting an end to of them; it is more than all of them together- any or all of these.

even when they are friendly and offer themselves There are defensible ideals of a Christian social as fulfillments of the Christian way and spirit. order which have much in common with Socialism, It has a nature and authority above the changing even with the wide and fraternal sharing of re- tides. Any historian would say that Christianity source and production, which lies behind Com- has been an outstanding aspect of Western civ- munism-if the word could be disinfected. But ilization. The Christian historian maintains that for Christianity-to identify itself with these or it has been the pUlsing heart force of Western any form of them. is for it to surrender its mis- civilization. But Christianity is more than any sions and cease to be itself.

civilization. It is the judgment bar of civiliza- II. Christianity has the secret of the inner tions and their final control. It is not history unity which is the conditIon of escape from any speaking to God. It is God through His revelation confusion, deliverance from any "ism." Actually in Jesus Christ speaking to history. they are all marginal. Some of them in the gen- [274 ] eral field of Western religion are a ravelling out IV. Above all we need power, constant, sus- of Christianity itself. They take marginal aspects taining and enough. I would not thresh old straw; of it and make them central (plenty of illustra- but suppose we got what the most humanely gen- tions). They make a new patchwork fabric of its erous, wise and far-seeing of our social programs loose threads. Others are this or that half-truth. are after. What will sustain them beneath the So:rp.e of them oppose interest to interest, class to enormous weight of our sins and our stupidities, class, nation to nation. And most disastrously of the inertias of our habits and self-interests and, all they get into our own inside lives of faitp and above all, the resurgence of what in us is unsocial motivation and divide us ourselves into warring and hungry for power? Can we do it by the laws camps. we ourselves pass? Can we use our own au- Then in thought and deeds and words ~e pro- thority against ourselves? Well, maybe, to a de- ject this inner confusion into all our human order. gree, but there is no guarantee in that, nor in our Here more than anywhere else is the secret of all unregenerated human nature.

our confusion. The real point of departure for This is not begging a disputed question with an any deliverance must be from within the soul. evangelical phrase or offering one solution for all Here Christianity meets all the "isms." They are our problems. It goes deeper. When everything sectarian; it is catholic. They are divisive; it is said and 80 many futile things done, only should unite. They are marginal; it is central. changed men can change the world. They may They work in from the outside; Christianity works and do need to change the machinery through from the soul out. This involves far more than which they work. They need to find channels Christian unity. It involves unity in Christ, be- proper to the flow of their regenerate spirits. But ginning with the divided soul and ending with a they need power to go on, to bear, to believe, to world seamed and broken like a lava field after an hope. They need motivations which reach beyond earthquake. the present to deal with the present. They need something beyond themselves even to be them- III.. Christianity supplies the correction of the selves. partial; half-truths – or less; half-faiths – or worse; half-deliverances – or no deliverances at If there is any empowerment outside Christianall. That centrally is the weakness of every ity to do all this, those who know where and what "ism"; it is never enough. It makes one pro- it is must make their case. They have history gram, one understanding of life and God the whole against them. It may be said, must be said, that thing. And it asks us to take all our noble capac- Christianity has never found or even sought a ity for loyalty and devote it to-just itself. Na- full channel for its power, used it partially and tionalism does that everywhere. Communism through its partial use of its divine enduement does it in Russia, Socialism would like to do it. left a place for the "isms." But it has the Power Like Isaiah's image-maker, any "ism" boils the -and it is nowhere else. When we have seen the pot with one end of its idol-stuff and makes a god Cross for all it is and means and does, the Power of the other. There is no denying the intensity is there. of devotion which may thus be secured, but its very intensity burns it out and in the end defeats *** the very object of it. These points are general but they are capable One cannot even criticize justly, creatively, the of precise, definite application to every aspect of twisting, turning, questing movements of a time what the "isms"-any "ism"-of our over "ismlike ours unless he has a sovereign control from ed" world-stand for. Christianity has an office which and by which to criticize them. Some of above them, detached from them. It approaches the most brilliant of our critics are like people them with the authority of its revelations of God who would criticize a merry-go-round while rid- in Jesus Christ. And without that we are lost in ing its wooden horses. They do no more than our own confusions.

change their mount and criticize the horse they He and He alone can supply' the inner unity were just riding, from 'the next one in front of it which will save us from our divided selves and or behind it. No wonder we keep going round in their issue in a divided world order. Christianity a circle.. I know this is a loose statement but I opposes the complete to the partial, and alone has know equally that it has in it a fact which to our the authority of corre~tion. .

peril we neglect; that Christianity has in it the Christ can supply the power without which even whole truth and the whole authority without what is wisest and most promising cannot main- which we cannot see how partial everything else tain itself. In the Realm of God we find the Di- is and without which we have no place to stand if vine Order, transcending any human order, the we seek no more than to see our world steadily, only revelation which lends object and meaning to see it whole and to see it against the back- to the brief stages of our pilgrimages here-and- grounds of the will of God. now.

New Day and the Old

By REV. HUGH THOMSON KERR, D.D., Pittsburgh, Pa. )ne– Author of "Old Things New," etc.

CHRISTIANITY has had to fight for its life clean hands and sensible speech (is to draw near)"; or, in every age. It has never had an easy again, "He who is pure from all stain, conscious of no sin time. It has had to defend itself in every in his soul, and living an honorable and just life (may generation. After the early Christians had ac- approach)." Such is the cry of those who promise puricepted the call to die for Christ during the martyr fication from sins. But let us now hear what sort of centuries they were afterwards challenged to people these Christians invite. "Anyone who is a sinner," think for Christ in the creedal centuries. For they say, "or foolish, or simple-minded-in short, any un- Christianity is not only a way of life but a way of fortunate will be accepted by the Kingdom of God." By thought and it will not endure as a way of life if "sinner" is meant an unjust person, a thief, a burglar, a it fails to maintain its supremacy as a way of poisoner, a sacrilegious man, or a robber of corpses. Why, if you wanted an assembly of robbers, these are just the sort of people you would summon!

thought. Commenting on this statement, Harnack says: We are constantly speaking as if we lived in a "Here Celsus has stated, as lucidly as one could desire, the cardinal difference between Christiannew world. It is only superficially so. The real problems of life are the same today as in the day ity and ancient religion." Christianity met huof St. Paul and no one can face the conditions of manity where its needs were the greatest and, early Church history without feeling at home. where no other religion could succeed, the Gospel Indeed there is high encouragement when the his- wrought out its redemptive work. It asked for no privileges. It met humanity in whatever contory of the early Church is studied from the point dition it found it and brought to it salvation. It of view of our modern world. It was against had no special message for the rich or the culgreat odds that Christianity made its way. How tu}."ed; neither had it any special message for the it was able to win victories in circumstances and ignorant or the poor but to every man, as a man, conditions so adverse has always been a problem. Christ was offered as the one and only Saviour.

The 'secret of the triumphal march of Chris- There is hidden away in the record of the progtianity has eluded the best historians. In his ress of the Gospel the simple statement, "The dis- ciples were called 'Christians' first in Antioch." "History of the Rise and Fall of the Roman Em- That indeed was a victory! Antioch was the third pire," Gibbon set forth five reasons, namely: the city in the world, Rome and Alexandria alone surzeal of the Christians, their doctrine of immor- passing it. It held a population of half a million. tality, the working of miracles, the moral stand- Situated on the slope of Mount Silpius, with the ards of Christians, and the privilege of political broad navigable river Orontes at its feet, a bouleparticipation. Dr. T. R. Glover, with the insight vard five miles long, paved, not with asphalt or of a great Christian, says that Christianity out- cobble stones, but with the purest of white marble. lived, out-died, and out-thought the pagan world. Surrounded by a wall that clung like a natural It is open to anyone to discover the secret for barrier to the mountain eminence that overhimself. The facts are spread before us in the shadowed the city, it was a place of dreamy pages of the New Testament and it may be inter- beauty-with flowering trees, statues, colonnades, esting and helpful when there is bewilderment and bridges, baths, basilicas, villas, theatres and luxconfusion if the causes for the triumph of the ury, culture, beauty, pleasure, commerce, pagan- Gospel in the early Church be set down. ism, barbarism, superstition and heathen religion mingled there In all the rich luxuriance of the' First of all the early Church proclaimed a G()S- East. It was the melting pot of the nations. The pel. The leaders heralded a Gospel which in its immigration problem was at its crisis in Antioch, highest sense was redemptive. It dealt with sin; but it was there that Paul planted the Cross and personal sin, social sin, sin against God, and it made those laughter-loving people stand at attenpromised recovery. It made no concessions and entered into no compromises. No better statement can be found than that given in the attack upon Christianity by Celsus. This is what he said: Those who invite people to participate in other soIemni- tion. There were no Alps to Napoleon and there ties, make the following proclamation: "He who hath are and can be no obstacles to the Gospel of Jesus [276 ] Christ save in the faithless allegiance of His fol- even after the centuries have passed; the stand- lowers. ard of virtue for men and women. Writing be- Furthermore the early Church cultivated the fore 200 A. D., Clement of Alexandria made this spirit of aggressive evangelism. One hears the announcement: "Our judgment is that the virtue marching past of many feet as he opens the pages of man and woman is one and the same. For, if of the New Testament and follows the history of the. God of both is one, the instructor of both is the early Church. Start in anywhere and we hear also one; one Church, one temperate self-control, the marching of an unorganized multitude going one modesty, common food, marriage an equal forth to its work. Occasionally a sentence is yoke; breath, sight, hearing, knowledge, hope, dropped which reveals what is going on; a sen- obedience, love – all things are alike to them.

tence such as this: "The disciples were every- Those whose life is common have also a common where scattered abroad and went about preaching grace and a common salvation; their virtue and the Word." They had no set method, nor organ- their training are alike."

ized plan. They needed none, for a living faith Anyone who reads the Acts or the Epistles in requires no .fixed method. For centuries this pas- the New Testament will realize that faith was sion for evangelism burned like a flame in the never a substitute for good deeds and that the heart of the Christian Church. Everything was discipline of the Church in relation to moral be- informal, impersonal, and men and women spoke havior was rigorously severe. It has always been the message of Eternal Life to neighbors, ac- true of Christianity, where it has been proclaimed quaintances and friends. They were not content in its purity that personal and social morality, to abide at home but travelled far inland in order followed as a natural fruit of the Christian life.

that the message might have free course and be It was Catherine Booth of the Salvation Army glorified. Origen, writing shortly after 200 A. D., who said to her followers before her death: "We said: "Christians do all in their power to spread will go in more and more for righteousness." It the faith all over the world. Some of them ac- is this same demand which is disturbing the con- cordingly make it the business of their life to science of the world today. The Spirit of Christ wander not only from city to city but from town- is moving through the Church demanding a higher ship to township and village to village in order standard of moral living not only personal but as to gain fresh converts for the Lord." In his related to everything in life, industry, politics, "Church History" Eusebius announces the same education; we will not go successfully forward truth: "Very many of the disciples of that age until the Church challenges the world by a new (pupils of the apostles) whose heart had been standard of personal and social righteousness.

ravished by the divine Word with a burning love One thing more – early Christianity was unfor philosophy (i. e., asceticism), had first ful- compromising. While it had the power of adaptfilled the command of the Saviour and divided ability, nevertheless it was unwavering in its detheir goods among the needy. Then they set out mand that every knee should bow to Christ. Chrison long journeys, performing the office of evan- tianity received, as through tributaries from gelists, eagerly striving to preach Christ to those every direction, the currents that came flowing in who as yet had never heard the word of faith, and from many lands; but all down through the years to deliver to them the holy gospels." Every Chris- it kept its purity and its uniqueness. At the same tian was an evangelistic missionary. Everything time it assimilated to itself modes and customs was personal and life-giving and everywhere the and languages, transforming them, utilizing them, principle was verified that one loving heart sets baptizing them into the message and meaning of all the world on fire. There is no substitute for the Gospel. What it did with customs and lanevangelism even in our sophisticated modern world and again it will return in power. guages it did ,also with diverse nationalities. It A third quality which is discernible among the lifted up into its own unique fellowship men of all early Christians was their moral earnestness. On races and of all nationalities. Here at last, from every page it is recorded that the early Chris- out of racial hatred and national isolation of the tians demanded not ecstasy and enthusiasm, but ancient world, Parthians and Medes and Elamites honest-hearted virtue and supreme moral values. and the dwellers in Mesopotamia and in Judea, The fruit of the Spirit, said Paul, is not ecstasy Jews and Greeks, Cretans and Arabians, but "love, joy, peace, long suffering, gentleness, heard in their own tongue the mighty works of goodness, faith, meekness, temperance." Every- God. It repudiated barriers of nationality; it where and always Christianity has stood for moral claimed humanity as its field and the communion regeneration, for a clean life, for the stricest sort table became the social center of a world-wide of honesty, purity and undefiled righteousness. fellowship.

Take, for example, one issue that is still debated We are being told today that if Christianity is

to endure it must pool its interests with other reli- That inference is not new. Modern perplexity gions; that in order to ward off the attack of god- repeats the age-old problem. The Church of the lessness we must make common cause with all Roman Empire faced it under vastly more allurother faiths. We are told that it is the whole ing circumstances but the Christians of that day line that is endangered and not only the Christian refused to compromise. Instead of lowering the salient. It is a massed attack upon the whole standard of the Cross they lifted it higher. In spiritual concept of life. It is proclaimed on every the words of Dr. William Kemp Lowther Clarke hand that the inherent goodness of man can work of Cambridge, a very competent historical scholar: out his own destiny; that we do not need to postulate God; He is a projection of our wish-think- Had the Church really conformed to Gentile patterns ing. Prayer is defined as emotional release; sin there would have been no persecutions. Paganism had no is called an inferiority complex. Conversion is objection to welcoming Jesus into the Pantheon. But just looked upon as infantile regression. Religion is because Christianity continued true to its Jewish origin, diagnosed as pathological. Walter Lippmann it was fanatically intolerant of rival creeds. For this readramatizes the letting down of the curtain upon son the early Church is an unattractive spectacle to many the great Scenario. He is not happy about the modern men, for whom there is no absolute truth, no final end but he wants to be honest. To many who religion; but because of this the Church survived the were in the audience, he writes: break-up of civilization whereas its mighty rivals have passed away from the memory of all but professional It is now evident that they have seen a play, a mag- scholars. nificent play, one of the most sublime ever created by the human imagination, but nevertheless a play, and not a It is not the modern world or the new age that literal account of human destiny. They know it was a challenges the old Gospel. It is the Gospel that play. They have lingered long enough to see the scene- challenges our age. And a deeper reading of hisshifters at work. The painted drop is half rolled up; tory will tell us that Christ is at work in our world some of the turrets of the celestial city can still be seen, and because His Spirit is at work the waters are and part of the choir of angels. But behind them, plainly troubled and many are afraid. There are things visible, are the struts and gears which held in place what we prize that our children may commit to the under a gentler light looked like the boundaries of the uni- wastebasket but the faith of the New Testament verse. They are only human fears and human hopes, and will not be among them. John Masefield gives an bits of antique science and half-forgotten history, and sym- interview between Longinus-the traditional name bols here and there of experiences through which some in each generation pass. of the Roman centurion who had charge of the crucifixion and whose words "truly this was a Because the foundations of all faith are being righteous man" are found in the Gospel-and Proundermined the inference drawn by some is that cula, the traditional name of Pilate's wife who there should be a consolidation of all spiritual sought to save Jesus from the Cross. At the close forces in order to maintain a religious interpreta- of the day when the crucifixion was at an end, tion of life. This is part of the appeal of "Re- Longinus came to give in his report to Pilate. thinking Missions." The argument runs: When it was ended Procula called the centurion aside and asked him to tell her how Jesus had It is no longer, Which prophet? or Which book? It is died. The centurion told the story calmly and whether any prophet, book, revelation, rite, church, is to then Procula said to him: be trusted. All the old oracles are seeing a new sign: the scorn on the faces of students who know the experiments "So you think He is dead?" in anti-religion in Russia and nonreligion in Turkey, and :the actual religionlessness of much western life. The chief "No, lady, I don't," Longinus replied. foe of these oracles is not Christianity, but the anti-religious element of the philosophies of Marx, Lenin, Russell. "Then where is He," said Procula. The case that must now be stated is the case for any religion at all…. Thus it is that Christianity finds itself "Let loose in the world, lady," Longinus replied, in point of fact aligned. in this world-wit.le issue with the "where neither Roman nor Jew can stop His non-Chrstian faiths of Asia. truth."

Seek ye first the kingdom of God, and all these things shall be added unto you. Luke 12: 31.

Such is the promise; how about the fact? Look back over your life. Have you sought first the extension of God's rule and the incorporation into your own life of His righteousness?

If so, have you in a life of consecrated service actually suffered from want?

"When I sent you forth without purse, or script, or shoes," says the Master, "lacked ye anything?" Like them we must answer, "Nothing." Has one promise of the Lord, in which you rested in faith, failed you? Imagination may picture to us possible want in the future; but when memory draws the scenes on the canvas of the past, she witnesses that, to all His Word, He is faithful that promised. ARTHUR T. PIERSON.

OLD MOUNTAIN HOME NEAR PITTMAN CENTER, TENNESSEE PITTMAN CENTER, WHERE MOUNTAINEERS ARE

Transforming a Gap in the Mountains By JAYS. STOWELL, Philadelphia, Pa. -.~ Director of the Bureau of Publicity, Board of Home Missions, }5t— Methodist Episcopal Church MORE than twenty years ago a home mis- the big world the story was told, friends became sionary wandered into a lonely mountain interested, and after some years things began region some miles from Sevierville, Ten- to happen. nessee. To reach his destination, he had been Human welfare is closely associated with buildobliged to cross and recross a turbulent mountain ings. The first building was erected in this gap.

stream and to pick his way over and around boul- Nothing like it had ever been seen in those Tenders, stumps, ruts, and other impediments which nessee mountains. It was tall, long, and broad; had accumulated over a long period of years, dur- in it were many rooms in which many sorts of ing which ·nature and a rather sluggish mountain helpful activities could be carried on. The build- folk had done little to change the tenor of a life ing was more than a school, for it was a place of which was already one hundred years behind that recreation, a church, and, in the best sense, a in the world outside. There was much of igno- community center. Many who had never before rance, a great deal of superstition, and a general seen so large a building came from the cracks and feeling that things were what they were and that crannies of the mountain to share in the pro- there was little that could be done about the mat- grams, the like of which they had never before ter. There was a type of religion, but of the experienced. Gradually there began to grow up crudest sort, and its leaders were uncouth and around this imposing building neat but smaller untutored. Moonshining prevailed and frequent structures where workers could live and where violence was expected. Many boys and girls were other programs could be carried on.

growing up with no education and even those who One of these new buildings was a medical cenattended the crude mountain schools got but a few ter, and, before long, a doctor was placed in weeks of indifferent attention each year from a charge of the medical program. From time al- relatively untrained teacher. most immemorial, the people. in these mountains Such a situation was enough to stir the hardest had been born, lived, and died without any proheart, but it did more than that in the. sympathetic fessional medical attention. A nurse was emmIssIOnary. It aroused his deepest sympathies ployed and traveled up the streams, carrying her and his most profound interest. Something had ministry of health to people who had never known to be done, but the resources of mountain cabins, what a nurse was intended to do. Boys and girls where regular cash incomes were almost un- and men and women were found to be suffering known, were not sufficient to meet the need. In from all sorts of unnecessary diseases; there was [279 ]

ignorance concerning the most rudimentary laws fruit, but the mountaineers did not know how of health; the death rate was amazingly high, to take advantage of their opportunities. Acand nothing but an equally amazing large birth cordingly, apple trees and other fruit trees, serate kept the population from extinction. Opera- cured for a few cents each, were made available tions needed to be performed and chronic phys- for planting. That was not many years ago and ical ailments were cured. In order that the moun- yet today thousands of bushels of apples are pro- duced in that territory where, a few years ago, DR. THOMAS INOCULATING SCHOOL CHILDREN AT there was almost no fruit. Similar improvements PITTMAN CIDNTER, TENNESSEE were carried on in the growing of tomatoes and various garden vegetables. This development may tain people might not feel that they were recip- be traced directly to the missionary who had. a ients of charity, a charge was made for this vision. medical service, although cash payments were often not possible, and the pay came in the form It was discovered that the mountain women had of the simple products which the mountaineer considerable skill in the weaving of rugs and the could raise on his own few acres, or could capture making of baskets and in other lines of handicraft. by use of his gun in the woods. A great new day These' home industries were developed and a began to dawn up and down the creeks along market was found for the products. As a result, which the mountain people usually live. The mis- thousands of dollars have come into the commusionary was not content with a well organized edu- nity from the outside world for these hand-made cational program and a medical ministry, added to products. the religious ministry which provided reverent worship, religious training for boys and girls and Community pride was stimulated in many ways, a continuous pastoral ministry in the mountain but perhaps in no way more effectively than by homes. the promotion of the annual fair for which people from the mountains worked for months. Home- It did not require a Solomon to arrive at the grown vegetables were exhibited and housewives conclusion that, to a considerable extent, the inadequate economic opportunities of the people ac- ENCOURAGING MOUNTAIN HANDICRAFT AT PITTMAN CENTER counted for the distressing conditions. It was not possible to move these mountain people from their homes and from the little mountain homesteac;ls which they had come to love. But there were things that could be done. Most of the mountain folk had one or more cows, but these were often of a low grade, so that the milk supply was poor. The missionary began to take steps toward the improvement of the cattle strain and very marked progress was made. A similar plan was followed with pigs and chickens, so that the old razorback hog, always an unprofitable creature, became well-nigh extinct. Broods of fine pullets were loaned and the pay taken in a part of the proceeds so that before long a better grade of poultry was found around mountain cabins. The mountainsides were well adapted to the raising of

ITINERANT MINISTRIES IN REMOTE PLACES

vied with each other in preparing the most beau- It might be possible to give figures concerning tiful displays of canned vegetables and fruits. the number of young people who have attended Pamphlets were obtained from the Government and graduated from this school; to point out the in order that the best methods of canning might number of home calls made by the visiting nurse; be used. Many of the products of mountain to list the number of babies ushered into the homes, such as rugs, coverlets, baskets, and the world by a trained doctor; to count the number like were also displayed at these fairs. of diseased tonsils removed; to estimate the tons of foodstuffs produced; to enumerate the number Next attention was given to roads and today, of persons who have joined the church or proinstead of wandering about through the bed of fessed conversion in the religious meetings held, the stream and crossing and recrossing through or to set down many other tables of facts which the water, as one approaches this gap in the could be assembled concerning this work. But mountain, we can drive over a good road ang none of them by themselves nor all of them toreach our destination in relative comfort. gether, can quite tell the story, for the life that this humble home missionary, with his assistants, The enterprise was given the name of Pittman has brought into the dark caverns of the moun- Center from one of its chief benefactors. To an tains, is something beyond ordinary tabulation. outsider there is nothing particularly romantic, It can only be written in the Book of Life itself, poetic or imposing about the name, but it means and when that is written, the -story of the Tennesmuch to those who have watched Pittman Center see mountains must have a very important chapgrow during the past fifteen years and to those ter devoted to Pittman Center and to the Rev. who have shared in its ministry. To thousands J. S. Burnett, a missionary of the Gospel of Jesus of boys and girls and young people in the moun- Christ, who, while laboring in a crack in the tains it has meant opportunity for education, for mountains, caught a vision which he has, to some religious training, and for a new outlook upon life extent at least, been able to transform into a which never would have been theirs had the home reality. mission forces of the country overlooked this gap in a rather rugged and forbidding country.

Itinerant Ministries in Remote Places By REV. COE HAYNE, New York Department of Publicity, Literature and Research, The American Baptist Home Mission Society THE historian's assertion that our geograph- flows continually. About this spring and the dam ical frontiers have vanished may lead us to that has been constructed below it is a cluster of forget that cities are still giving birth to oak trees beneath which in the old days the Indowntown tenements and uptown suburbs and that dians were accustomed to resort. Rev. C. F. homesteading still goes on. Great numbers of Brown, colporteur-missionary in a great section people in urban and rural sections of America of North Dakota, each year plans to hold an allhave no religious privileges afforded them except day service on the Diamond C Ranch especially by virtue of the activities of devoted home mis- for the Russian people who have settled upon sionaries. While there are no longer great areas homesteads in large numbers although widely sepnewly opened to settlement there are still vast arated. Many others attend. The last round-up spiritual areas unexplored. Thousands of homes of the kind was held Sunday, July 29,1934. Three are still far removed from organized churches and hundred people attended, some traveling over just around the corner in every settled com- twenty miles to do so. As usual seats were armunity are neighbors languishing spiritually for ranged under the trees. Three speakers, includwant of Christian sympathy and companionship. ing a Russian, gave four messages during the day. A Sunday school session was held in the forenoon. Gospel Round-up on the "Diamond 0" An hour was devoted to dinner. The dam below the spring provided deep, clean water for a bap- On the southern slope of the Killdeer Moun- tismal service. In 1934 two and in 1933 sixteen tains, North Dakota, sprawls the Diamond C were baptized here. Ranch. The property is blessed with a spring that

A Funeral in the Killdeer Oountry open and said, 'This is the only shirt I have. The last time my wife washed this for me, I had to go Early in October, following the service on the to bed until it was dry.' Diamond C Ranch, Missionary Brown went about fifty miles to begin services in a Russian Baptist "Well, what would you have done in this. case? Church. This is the only Russian Baptist Church I said to him, 'Come out to the car, I have some in the Killdeer Mountain territory. It has no pas- clothes you may be able to make use of. We went tor. The deacons carryon the preaching services. out to the car and I began to take the clothes out. Then I decided to take them into the house where As soon as Mr. Brown arrived in the community his wife and little girl were. I gave them two or he heard that a baby girl, six months old, had died three nice new Turkish towels, a second-hand coat that day in a Greek Catholic home. There are no for the oldest girl, a second-hand pair of stock- Greek Catholic priests for the Russians in that ings for the mother, a warm jacket for the smallarea and Mr. Brown's visit to this home was ac- est girl, hats for four of the family and a sack of ceptable to the family. marbles for the smallest girl. This is all I had. They thanked me over and over for the things, Mr. Brown continues the story: then after kneeling in prayer and praying for "I went over twice that day to the home and the them, and thanking God for the givers who made last time, after reading the Bible and praying, I this giving possible, I took my departure. Later was about to leave when the father of the little I took some second-hand shirts to the man." girl followed me to the door. I turned and asked him if he had engaged anyone to take charge of A Skeleton Key Admits Sixty the funeral. He said, 'No.' Then he asked me if I was going to be around there at the time of the "I had announced a preaching service at a coun· funeral, and I told him that I was and that I could try schoolhouse for October 14th in the evening," help if he wished me to. He said that would be continues Missionary Brown of North Dakota. all right. Evidently he had intended to have the "So far as I know no service has ever been held baby taken out and buried without any funeral as there before. When we got there all was dark. he could not afford to pay for a Greek Catholic 1 got out my skeleton key which I always carry service. in the car and unlocked the building. When we "The next day we deposited the casket into the lighted a light we saw that all the contents were rear end of a truck without an undertaker and piled up in the center of the room for they had started for the church near the cemetery. When been painting the inside. Well, we moved things we got there and took the casket out, two or three around and got things in shape for a service. asked me if they should take the body into the When it was time to begin there were fifteenpeochurch to which I answered 'Certainly.' You see pIe present, and by the time they stopped coming some of the people believed that as the baby had there must have been fifty-five or sixty present. not been baptized and therefore was unsaved its Half of them had to stand up. Everyone was body should not be taken into the church. We surprised to see the rest there, and it was certainly took the casket in and had a 'real' funeral service an agreeable surprise to me. Two weeks later we for the little one. This made a deep impression organized a Sunday school in that schoolhouse." on the parents. They invited me. home for supper and insisted on my staying there several nights Oonversion of An Aged Pioneer during the meetings that followed." The parish of Rev. J. S. Umberger of Okanogan, While the Turkeys Fed on Grasshoppers Washington, is said to be the largest county in the United States save one. Okanogan County ex- "On the 11th of October," wrote Missionary tends 88 miles east and west and 100 miles north Brown of North Dakota, "I stopped at a Russian and south, and contains 18,000 white and 2,500 farmhouse. The man was standing in the yard. Indians. Most of the members of the church, We spoke and I remarked that it was a nice day. which is the only Baptist church in the county, He said, 'It isn't very nice. The weather and live in rural communities, many miles from everything else is wrong. There is no money, no Okanogan. The nearest church of the same comfeed for the stock, nothing to eat, and no clothes.' munion is the First Baptist Church of Wenatchee, 93 miles away. Up Salmon Creek Valley twelve "While I was talking with him, his oldest daugh- miles reside several members of the church. Apple' ter came out and drove the turkeys out into the orchards, cattle raising and mining engage their sun-scorched fields to feed on grasshoppers as attention. During fall and winter the roads bethere was no feed for them at the house. The come impassable and church attendance from that coyotes had killed twenty-one of the turkeys section falls away. From Conconuly eighteen awhile before and now they had to herd them. miles north come a number of members; also from Malott, Omak, Orville, Riverside, Tanasket "I urged him to come out to our services, but he said he had no fit clothes. He pulled his jacket

WORKING FOR THE MIGRANT WORKERS

and Loomis. During the summer, on Communion minded him that she would not cease to pray for Sundays, people drive in from points as distant as him. Orville, 54 miles north, Peteros 34 miles south and various points between. The Methow Valley, 68 Two months later the worship service at Okanomiles away, contributes its quota of worshipers. gan was interrupted by a messenger from an- Out of the thirteen families on the Indian reserva- other old pioneer who lay dying at his home in tion eleven miles east of the Columbia River that Riverside, twenty-one miles away, asking if Mr. are engaged in grain and stock raising, nine are Umberger would come to his bedside. The pastor represented in the church membership. left his pulpit at once turning the service over to Mrs. Umberger. He reached the dying man in During a week in the Loomis neighborhood, time to hear his testimony of faith. "I knew that fifty-four miles northwest of Okanogan, Mr. Um- you would help me just as you did that old man at berger was heartened by the conversion of a Loomis," he told the missionary. Two days later pioneer eighty-four years of age who related that he passed away and a large number of people fifty-eight years before his mother in bidding him from the countryside gathered to honor his good-bye when he left his Indiana home had re- memory.

Working for the Migrant Workers By ADELA J. BALLARD, San Francisco, California Western Supervisor of Migrant Work; Council of Women ~- for Home Missions T HE family case worker of the local social of the families you are caring for work every agency receives the anxious-faced nurse re- possible hour. But if migratory Tommy Jones luctantly. Both know too well the result of needs a crutch or a pair of glasses or hospitalizathe forthcoming interview. Just inside the door tion both the counties in which the work has been of the office stands a migratory family-father done will repudiate responsibility for the needs and mother shabbily dressed with two small chil- of the migrant. Meanwhile the migratory worker dren clinging to the mother's skirts, a child of two who is giving honest service sees the transient, years or less in the father's arms shows decided who has refused to work, getting aid! He gets a signs of malnutrition. free ride and food allowance to take him back to his home. Show me how to cut the red tape Case worker (helplessly)-"I know all you say . . ." Her tone as she left the final sentence is true. The family has worked. They are will- unfinished was most expressive. ing to take any possible work. They came in response to agricultural need. The work has not The nurse nodded curtly. In her heart she paid a living wage, to say nothing of providing knew that the case worker was helpless and that for the period between the harvests. But you the case worker knew she was aware of the hopeknow how my hands are tied. These people are lessness of the situation. The nurse turned toneither residents nor are they citizens!" ward the door without attempt at argument. The migratory family followed disconsolately. Nurse (heatedly)-"No, but they are hungry and homeless. The work has been done within the "The only way we kin git to be resident," venstate. They are not cross:-state migrants. All tured the man timidly as he bundled his family of the year has been spent in two counties. They into the auto, "is to jus' quit tryin' to fin' work have served the community and the children are an' jus' hang on here! Cotton don't make a livin' citizens." all year no way. We might git on relief then, but once ye git on an' ye take a day's work ye git off! Case worker (sympathetically)-"Granted. But An' ye'll starve good'n dead afore ye git on agin! (frowning and speaking sarcastically) relief is Looks like they jus' use us and thin fergit us!" organized on the basis of citizenship and residence. We do not think it best to care for the "No!" corrected the nurse. "Isn't the grower transient. He has a residence somewhere and allowing you free housing while you wait for may be returned to his home at public expense another' harvest?" even though he is deliberately seeing the world on relief funds! I'm aware of the fact that most "Yep," agreed the man. "He's been right good I" And then. slowly, "But we want work!

We don't want charity. If we work fer what the ing with bitterness, a ready prey to the agitator grower kin pay, the 'pinkies' [communists] tell us advising strikes, hunger marches and violence.

they'll bust our heads, iffen e work fer less than This is particularly true in these days when many they say. We know the grower don' git nuff to of the workers of a higher type have been forced pay no such money an' though he sez he'll pertect out of steady employment and into the ranks of us, an' he duz while we'er workin', when we git the migrating throng. in town then hell ketches us. So what's a feller Lack of funds restrict home mission work for the migratory laborer, but in a few selected areas goin' ter do!" enough has been done to prove that the social and The nurse, serving under the Council of Women the religious agencies may lighten all of life for for Home Missions, felt herself unable to answer the wandering group. The results have convinced the question. The problem of the one worker was the community, the grower, the county, federal the problem of two million other workers in the and church agencies that earlier effort to lift , agricultural areas of the United States, and it is standards in the migrant camps failed because of not only the problem of the adult worker. These lack of cooperation between agencies and not attitudes on the part of the state and county because of the lack of response on the part of the migratory laborer.

In one state an officer in the Department of Immigration and Housing observed the work done by the Council of Women for Home Missions in an area where there was little local cooperation.

He invited the missionary nurse into an area where thousands of migratory workers were used and where he would be able to secure intelligent cooperation from various agencies. Four years ago the work began. This season the program as planned is a good example of what can be done in many other localities.

Instead of many scattering camps, difficult to supervise, there will be two large camps. Floors will be provided for the tent city. There will be a full time doctor for the period of the harvest.

Water has been piped into the camps and showers provided for the workers. There will be a camp supervisor for each camp and the missionary nurse to take full charge of the nursing service '

for the camps. The religious and character edu- cational programs are acknowledged to be an essential part of the work in the camps. The county provides the funds for the support of the A MIGRANT WORKER'S TYPICAL TENT HOME nurse and for the doctor. The local community pays for the lease of the camp site; the S. E. R. A.

relief agencies condition the lives of two hundred for the set-up and better sanitation and for the thousand children whose parents follow the crops. camp supervisors. Local club and church women The migratory wQrker has stated the problem will give volunteer aid of ·various types. A local justly. He recognized the helplessness of the church woman has foregone a month of rent for grower to overcome economic handicaps or to her flat in order that it may be reserved for the protect the migratory laborer from the threat of use of the missionary nurse.

the professional agitator. NOr can the grower help But it was the Church which began this pro- the migratory family to secure residence unless gram and the response is the influence which has he encourages them to become applicants for re- brought about an intelligent cooperation on the lief; few areas and no one crop can give contin- part of the migratory workers. It took not pro- uous employment. In order to obtain citizenship fessional nursing skill alone, but an understand-, there must be residence within a community for ing friendliness, to win the migratory family and a period of years! This is generally impossible introduce an educational program which will for the agricultural worker. The fact that the change habits of life and types of thought.

state and the county in which the work has been Out of the years of service in this one commu- done repudiates responsibility leaves hearts seeth- nity has grown a consciousness of the interrela-

tion of all of life. Religious education alone or stop violence and safeguard the migratory work- health service alone could not meet the need. The ers. The treatment of the Filipino in the agricul- Missionary Council had no right to lift from the tural camps, the attitude of the local communities, community the responsibility for the better hous- the prejudice against the East Indian, are other ing, sanitation, health and social relationships of instances where conditions in migratory groups this group serving in the state; but it could and threaten to disturb international relations.

did lead in creating attitudes which recognized A third thing is the relation of conditions in facts and ended in cooperatively meeting the need. the migratory camps to Christian service abroad.

Students from other countries, especially those coming from the Orient, very often serve in agri- cultural fields to finance work in school. Many times such students are the product of missions abroad. They come to America expeclting to find Christian fellowship, but, instead of this find racial prejudice, injustice, impossible living con- ditions, intolerance. As a result faith in Chris- tianity dies and word goes back home that Christianity does not function in America. The missionary in the Orient, and elsewhere, thus finds the work doubly hard. Unless we change our treatment of the agricultural worker from SUNDAY SCHOOL FOR MIGRANT WORKERS India, China, Japan, the Philippines we shall find the work abroad greatly hampered.

This one project is typical of the work of the Lastly, but not least, the young people of the Council in its efforts to meet the need-in the churches today are demanding a Christian ap- cotton fields, in the tobacco plantation, in fruit proach to the social and economic situation of orchards, in cannery areas, in berry patches.

Whether establishing a Christian center, a day nursery or recreational center, or the sending of a Christian nurse and a public health program, the effort is to enlist all agencies responsible for the welfare of the migratory workers. Last year fifty-seven projects were carried on by the Councn in eleven states and many thousands of lives were touched. Forty per cent of the cost of this service was paid by the growers' groups, cannery execu- tives and local communities.

The challenge to the Church is fourfold: This migratory procession numbers millions and is largely untouched by Christian influence. Its childhood is a huge segment of our future citizen- ship. If present conditions are unaltered, these children bid fair to become shifting vagabonds, illiterate and with little or no sense of community responsibility. In California figures show that .

27,000 children of school age are in the agricul- tural camps. In one town in Texas 1400 children ENJOYING A SUN BATH IN CAMP are out of the local school, working in the truck gardens for many months of the year. Thousands the age. They are seeking cooperative service of children are out of school from May to Novem- which enables all agencies, religious and social, ber following the crops in eastern areas. to work together. It has been amazing to note The influence of the general attitude toward the response when this mission work is presented migratory workers in areas where race riots take to young people's groups. One young man, hear- place is a menace to world peace. Last year the ing of it for the first time, said, "I'm sick and treatment of the Japanese going into the agricul- tired of all this fussing about things not being tural areas of the Salt River Valley, intensified evangelistic! As I read my Bible Jesus Christ Japan's resentment against America, in spite of said, 'Go out and do something.' Some of us the fact that Arizona did everything possible to have to preach by our acts, and I'll bet those

COOPERATION AND UNION IN HOME MISSIONS

people get more of a Christian message out of a makes the task more difficult. The camps that nurse rolling up her sleeves and helping them have been touched are pitifully few. when they have a sick baby or a burned kid, than from a preacher coming in once a month to The day has passed when the worker from the preach a sermon! When she goes to court with Council must beg to enter a camp in an agriculthem or puts up a good, clean recreational pro- tural area. The camps asking for a worker far gram and keeps them out of mischief-well, it's exceed the posibilities of the funds available for me for that kind of evangelism!" this cooperative service. County doctors write, "If you could come in for just one season I know And the migrant can be reached. The migra- our growers would finance the service, but they tory family does respond to friendliness. It is cannot believe the work can be done until they possible to inspire a real appreciation of better have actually seen the results." . housing; it is possible to secure better school attendance; it is possible to teach the parent the In the meantime, children are asking as did one reason for restricting his liberty in using the boy overheard after the story hour in "hops," child as a wage earner; it is possible to make of "Who's this guy, God, she's talking about!" the migratory worker a Christian American citizen-but each day of neglect of this challenge And we have not the funds with which to send workers to tell the story!

Cooperation and Union in Home Missions 4f{ I~v. WM. R. KING, D.D., New York ~- – ~ecretary of the Home Missions Council W HAT we see of cooperation and union "warring factions" and see nothing but confusion among the Protestant churches of America and unholy rivalry. Most critics lack historic per- today depends upon the extent of our ob- spective. They base their measurements of progservations and the spirit and method of our in- ress made upon the distance from the goal to be vestigations. As a rule we see in this world just reached rather than upon the distance already about what we look for. Some people do l10t find covered from the starting point.

any cooperation between churches because they It is true, however, that we have "not yet at- do not look for it, or do not look in the right places. tained" satisfactory cooperation and union, but They look for competition and rivalry and see we are "pressing on" with encouraging speed.

plenty. Some years ago I rode a little mountain Cooperation between denominations and among pony for eight days through the tiger and elephant the churches is still very young. The years of jungles of Laos-northern Siam. We were told maturity have not been reached by any means.

that it was a dangerous journey, that the jungles The movement is still in the tender and timid years were infested with tigers and wild elephants. We of childhood and early adolescence.

did not see a tiger or a wild elephant. We were If we go back only a quarter of a century we not hunting for them. We were looking for mis- find practically no interdenominational coopera- sionaries and native Christiansantl we found tion. The older societies, like the American Bible them. Sometimes we make unexpected discov- Society, the American Tract Society, and the eries, but, as a rule, we find what we seek. American Sunday School Union are not interde- It is so with interchurch cooperation. If peo- nominational but are associations of like-minded ple want to believe that the churches are given individuals interested in certain things with no over utterly to competition and divisiveness they denominational control or direction.

can find plenty of evidence to support their views. For three hundred years American Protestant- If they want to believe that the churches are learn- ism was almost wholly divisive. Denominations ing to cooperate and unite they can find abundant were all out for "a place in the sun." Forty or'

proof. The trouble with many who condemn the more divisions of European Protestantism were church for lack of cooperation is their point of transplanted to this country from the "father- view. They project themselves far ahead on some lands" during the first 200 years of our history.

high point of Utopia, where things are supposed Soon they began to spawn and new breeds came to be perfect and all people to be saints, and from into existence until today we have more than 200 that exalted position they look down upon the so-called denominations. About thirty years ago a few far-seeing leaders working upon such mergers and the likelihood is began to cry out against unwise and unholy di- that within the next few years most of the states visions. The first were our foreign missionaries. and many of their counties will have one inclusive They saw the sin of it and began to think and plan Council of Churches which will include in its set- and work together against their common foes and up and program all the interests of the church for the same great common ends. The China within the state.

Council was organized in the early part of this But this is not half the story of the development century. Intermissionary councils and commis- of cooperation and union within the last two sions and conferences were set up on other mis- decades. sion fields. Then the Foreign Mission Boards caught the vision and the spirit of cooperation and Comity and cooperation among local churches the Foreign Missionary Conference was organ- and on local fields have made commendable progized by Mission Board secretaries. The formation ress. More has been accomplished along these of other interdenominational, intermissionary lines in the last two decades than in all the preagencies followed. vious years of American church history. Today comity committees exist in nearly all the large Then the Home Mission Boards began to catch cities and in most of the states. There are perthe vision and were stirred by the same spirit of haps 2,000 Union churches of all types throughcooperation. The Home Missions Council, the out the country. Many cooperative projects are Council of Women for Home Missions, and the being carried on cooperatively by missionary Federal Council of the Churches of Christ in America were all organized in 1908. This was the boards and local churches. Home mission fields real beginning of organized planned interdenom- have been allocated. A number of types of work inational cooperation in America. There had been have been merged into departments, bureaus and committees of the two Home Missions Councils, some worthy forerunners, some daring Johns the such as work among Migrants, Indian children in Baptists, preparing the way, but 1908 was the or- Government schools, work among Jews, bureaus ganic beginning of interdenominational, inter- of Church Architecture, Summer Schools for church cooperation for work in the ho.meland. Rural Pastors, Rural Life Sunday, World Day of The spirit deepened; the movement spread. Prayer, religious programs and community Other national organizations saw the need of coop- churches in connection with government public eration. The Christian colleges formed a council. works. An increasing number of service activi- The old Sunday School Association of individuals ties, that can be carried on together better than interested in the teaching of the Bible became by separate denominations, are being committed the International Council of Religious Educa- to the Councils.

tion of the Churches of North America, and No Subsidies for Competitive Projects within the last few months there has come another very significant development of interdenomina- The most recent step in comity has been taken tional cooperation in the new cooperative working by five of the constituent Home Mission Boards relationship of the International Council of Reli- Qf the Home Missions Council within this year.

gious Education, the Federal Council of the These Boards have worked out "master lists" of Churches of Christ in America, the Home Mis- all their home mission aid to churches, and have sions Council and the Council of Women for Home given notice to these aid-receiving churches that Missions. These Councils have set up a joint com- after December 31, 1935, these subsidies will be mittee of fifteen to coordinate the programs and withdrawn from all churches that are in competi- the activities of these four interdenominational tive situations. Questions of competition must be Councils. At last these great national coordi:. settled by the state or the national Home Mission nating agencies are beginning to practice their Councils or Comity Committees before that date.

own preachment. Now that they are beginning to There is no place here for details. We can speak take their own medicine it is to be hoped the de- only in general terms, but these things mentioned nominations will have more confidence in their are steps in the right direction. Some are more prescriptions. successful than others but all have helped to move This new spirit and practice of cooperation is the Church along toward the desired goal. No taking form in recent mergers of state councils one plan or method of cooperation will fit all places of churches. Already ten states have merged the or work everywhere one hundred per cent perfect.

Councils of Religious Education and the Councils Great care must be exercised in each case to find of Churches and the Home Missions Councils into the best plan. Sometimes the best plan is the one inclusive State Council of Churches, or as in allocation of fields and types of work and special some cases, Councils of Churches and Religious projects and churches to some one denomination.

Education. Seven or eight other states are now For example, Alaska, some of the states, and

some of the islands of the West Indies, and nearly authority on this subject, says "a large measure of readiness for union has come to prevail genall the foreign mission fields, have been allocated. erally in American Protestantism."

Other plans include the mutual exchange of I believe that we are working along the right line. Cooperation is the word upon which we churches and fields and projects between denom- must ring the changes at the present time. Union may come–in many cases will come. Weare inations; the federation of churches, and (in the ready now for cooperation. Ultimate union de- pends upon present cooperation. There is wisdom judgment of many, the least effective) the or- in not pressing organic union too hard or too fast, but surely the time is here for cooperation, espeganization of independent community churches. cially in the great missionary work of the churches, both at home and abroad. All of these methods have their advantages and There can be no further advance except as we disadvantages. But they are first steps that must go forward together. A few days ago I saw a truck in Chicago with these words in large letters be taken before the churches can run together in across its side – "Coordinated Transport." Can the Church be as wise as truckmen? perfect union. Sometimes these steps have been faltering, but they have marked a good deal of progress-"we are on our way." , The trend in cooperation has had its most marked demonstration in the organic union of denominations. Since 1900 there have been eleven organic unions of churches involving twenty-five denominations. Rev. H. Paul Douglass, our best The Unchurched Children of America I By the REV. R. W. McGRANAHAN, D.D., Pittsburgh, Pa. -<tSf Associate Secretary of the Board of American Missions, United Presbyterian Church of North America THE importance of bringing child life into 2. The neglected children of the slum areas in close contact with the vital spiritual forces large cities and those in crowded industrial sec- of the Church is self-evident. Here is the tions. clay, awaiting the skilful shaping of the Potter. Here are the lives, awaiting guidance, which will 3. The children of foreign descent, not Amereither make or unmake ,the next generation. The icanized, whose parents have a nominal relation Church will win or lose according as she succeeds to their ancestral church but are now indifferent or fails in reaching· the children. This responsi- to any religious influence. bility goes far beyond simply bringing in the children of families already within the fold. The 4. The children of the godless rich, who give great home mission task today in reaching the neither time nor place for religion. In fullyunchurched groups has no challenge comparable churched communities there are hosts of children to that of plans that give a larger place to reach- who have no contact with the Church of Christ. ing the children of all who are accessible to the Gospel. If the children are won the next genera- Freely speaking, it is estimated that half the tion is won. children of America are in these various groups, so that, of the 34,000,000 American boys and girls Who are these unchurched children? Many of school age only about 17,000,000 are receiving families have such slight touch with the vital, any definite Bible instruction or Christian guidspiritual forces that they could scarcely be classi- ance that will prepare them to solve their life fied as churched, and beyond this a vast number problems. If we exclude those of high school age, of children are destitute of any contact with this about 13,000,000 younger boys and girls are outinstitution founded by Christ to unite His people side such influence. Some of these are under ininto one body. They may be enumerated as fol- fluences antagonistic to the Church; others are lows: in an atmosphere of indifference to religion, while very many are_only awaiting an invitation to be- 1. Those unchurched geographically. They are come followers of Christ. found in isolated farming communities, mining sections, and areas from which the church has What other possible challenge to the Church moved .out, new communities opened by various can compare with this! industrial ventures. From the jungle of neglect of religious training for the young comes the monster of "crime men- ace" that terrifies America ,today. The "Red

THE UNCHURCHED CHILDREN OF AMERICA

menace" of revolution and atheism lurks in that day school period means the departure of children same jungle. If the Church and the nation are and youth in utter indifference to church worship to survive the youth must be saved. We must which usually follows. Here is a great challenge recognize our responsibility, not only for the chil- to lead into church life and activity those enrolled dren who belong to the Church by reason of the in the Sunday school. Every denomination should parents' affiliation, but the unchurched children use every means to prevent this loss to the Church. must be reached or the whole nation is threatened. 2. It should be our aim to reach all within the It is amazing how lightly the responsibility for bounds of the parish who may be willing to religious instruction and guidance rests upon our respond to a kindly approach. An offer to call shoulders as American citiz·ens. We insist that and accompany the children to the church service ample provision must be made for secular educa- might be one of the first steps taken. The varition and we pay billions in taxes for that purpose. ous communions might institute a program While we admit that training the mind and neg- through their Sunday school agencies so that lecting the moral and spiritual may simply make every congregation shall carryon an organized more cunning knaves, we fail to see cause for campaign to greatly increase the number of chilalarm in the growing demand to eliminate from dren under religious instruction. our schools all Bible reading and teaching of moral standards. The great Luther Burbank, who was a 3. There is the challenge to reach unchurched philosopher as well as wonderful plant wizard and communities, mining districts and industrial areas scientist, never lost an opportunity to remind us by some plan of interdenominational work, or that "if we took no· better care of our plants than assignment of such areas to various denominawe do of our childr·en we would be living in a tions. The fact' that most of such areas do not jungle of weeds." The Duke of Wellington used promise the establishment of a self-supporting even stronger terms when he said: "Educate chil- church makes it difficult to induce churches to dren without religion and you make a race of assume responsibility. But such mission work as clever devils." this must be done to save America.

One of the most sinister signs of our times is 4. The big task that will require constructive the deliberate effort to alienate the youth of to- planning and far-sighted statesmanship is to make day by atheistic teaching in high schools and col- effective religious contact with the millions of leges. It was the boast of a teacher in one of our children enrolled in our public schools who now universities, recently dismissed because of his receive no religious instruction. The public school flagrant offences in atheistic propaganda, "They is the only agency which reaches all the children. used to say, 'give me the child till he is 8 years of In most states religious and ethical instruction age and you can have him after that!' But give and even character building have now been elimme a boy or girl for two years in college in the inated from the public school. Dr. Paul D. Eddy teens and I can take his religion out of him." has presented the following plan of cooperation The Church is responsible for seeing that our that should enlist all churches and character-buildschool boards, our church college boards and our ing agencies in every community: state schools do not permit teaching destructive of the Christian faith and life. The principle of separation of Church and State will not necessarily mean the separation of public education Is it not high time that a definite program and religious education in the sense of eliminating moral should be formulated and put into effect to reach and spiritual values or the great basic elements in rethis unchurched half of America's children? It ligion. . . . The new advance of home missions and is truly gratifying that serious consideration is Christian education must be in the field of reaching this being given to it by church bodies, and Sunday unchurched group. New trails in the field cannot be school organizations. blazed by individual denominational effort or independent local church programs. . . . The solution of the problem The challenge to the Church to save her own of reaching the unchurched, providing adequate religious children and to reach the millions of the un- training for all children and youth is to be found in the churched children' in America presents many cooperative study and planning by the Church with all problems, some of which are difficult. the major character agencies in the community: the government, public schools, homes and other agencies. 1. Those enrolled in the Sunday school must be The building of an intelligently coordinated program for won to Christ. Surely the Church must concern character building in the community is the only effective herself deeply with this need. solution.

It is comparatively easy to enroll children in If such a cooperative movement be launched promptly the Sunday school and thus bring them under and enthusiasm created for it such as was realized in the religious influence, even when parents are wholly launching of the Student Volunteer Movement, and plans indifferent, but it is very disturbing to see the made for a sustained program through the future, this wholesale manner in which the close of the Sun- movement might well be hailed as the greatest achieve- ment of our century thus far. May the outcome match the need of these times and reach effectively some of the millions of unchurched children of America!

A Re–Emphasis of Spiritual

By REV. PAUL DAWSON EDDY, M.A., New York Director, Vacation and Week.Day Church Schools, ln~ernational Council of Religious Education "THE Church which for years has professed the economically, insecure, the emotionally un- its interest and concern over the weak and stable, or the mentally retarded child. It is in- helpless, almost turns its back upon these creasingly apparent that these agencies cannot unfortunate children. They ·are not invited. adequately meet the character needs of the total They are too dirty, uncouth and wild. Perhaps group of children and youth of the community they might also contaminate those within the fold. through their independent, unrelated and often At any rate few are called and few come." This competitive program. The State Superintendent is the conclusion of a study of fourteen thousand of Public Instruction in Nebraska states that the juvenile delinquents who appeared before the schools alone are impotent in the face of character courts of Los Angeles in three years. * education needs of the day. The Tenth Year Book "The position of the Church today is one of con- of the National Education Association also states, fusion and uncertainty. It has lost much of the "Our society today awaits a new integration of authority with which it at one time was clothed." t knowledge, aspiration and human purpose – it These are serious indictments from the courts would seem to be a task essentially religious in of a state and the leaders in public education. nature."

They challenge the Christian Church to a reeval- Through the segregation of religion and the uation of its program and work. Such a study secularization of education in the 19th century would lead to the conclusion that the Church has violence has been done to Church and State, and failed to provide adequate Christian character to individual and social character. The narrow training for the less privileged economically, so- sectarianism of our colonial church fathers was cially and culturally, as well as for those of the a contributing factor to the separation of religion more privileged classes. Of course there are in- and education. This isolation of religion from dividual exceptions of successful programs but in the daily educational experiences of the child has general the groups from which our largest num- led to cynicism, materialism and the disintegra- ber of juvenile delinquents come are not reached tion of personality.

by Protestant home missions, Christian educa- During the past decade or more one can discover tion or the Church. Possibly these organizations a distinct trend to reintegrate the basically reli- do not possess the understanding or technique gious or spiritual elements in the program of for attracting and training these children, youth public education and character building. "No and adults. greater task rests upon the secondary schools than In fairness it should be stated that the public to help its pupils find their God. . . . When this schools and the other community character build- orientation takes place life assumes poise, dig- ing agencies have also failed, side by side with the ni,ty, grandeur. Otherwise its strivings, its Church, to reach these groups. While the public struggles, its achievements seem trivial and in- schools may record the attendance of these chil- significant.:!: dren, few would claim that the average public This quiet return to fundamental spiritual school with its traditional regemented program values should be recognized and encouraged by all really meets the consummate needs of these religious faiths. It is a function of the Christian groups. Because compulsory education laws in- Church to permeate the life of the community sure attendance, it does not follow that the time agencies and to appreciate every contribution to of the pupil is spent in creative activities which character development as an aid to the "more are suited to his needs. abundant life." – Recent studies have revealed a School, church and the other community char- great storehouse of latent religious resources in acter-building agencies must admit the failure of public school curriculum and in the activities of their so-called regular programs vitally to reach many community character-building agencies.

• Bulletin, Who Is Delinquent? published by Rotary Club of Los The Church can assisUhese agencies to strengthen AntgeTlehse. Tenth Year Book of the Department of Superintendents of ~ Sixth Year Book, Department of Superintendents, N. E. A., the National Education Association, p 23. pp. 51-53.

[290 ] and enrich the spiritual basis of their program. sion, in cooperation with the major character- In addition to the permeating and indirect in- building agencies of Ohio, will establish demon- stration communities in rural and urban districts fluence, the Church has a unique and distinctive for the cooperative study of community needs and contribution to make to character development. the coordinated program building in which reli- It is a function of the Church to enrich, interpret gion will be an integral part. Duplication and and integrate experiences in terms of specifically competition in the programs of these agencies Christian ideals and purposes. This function must will be eliminated. be performed on the basis of the individual's experiences in his home, school and community, and The Commission will also study the relationship not by the isolated learning of unrelated dogma. of Church and State in education, and the func- tion of religion in character development. The We are lead to the conclusion that if the Church place of the Church in the community, and how continues to follow its traditional program of its contribution may best be made, will receive isolated religious teaching, it can never effectively careful consideration. Some form of weekday reach the unchurched millions of youth. But, if religious education will be developed which will the Church is really interested in the weak, the enrich, interpret and integrate the daily experihelpless and uncouth child, as well as in the more ences of the child in his home, school and comnormal and attractive youth, it must make its con- munity relationships. tribution in coordination with the other community character-building agencies. There is a di- The Commission is composed of national and rect and an indirect contribution which the Church state denominational leaders, leaders in public is designed to make. schools and other character-building agencies, professors of generttl education and religious edu- In Los Angeles the Juvenile Courts inaugurated cation, ministers and laymen. The Commission the plan of bringing the educational, social, civic will encourage the home, the school, the Church and religious agencies in the community into a and other agencies in their cooperative efforts to coordinating council for study and cooperative meet community needs. program building in more than seventy districts of the county. Community councils of character – building agencies are developing in a number of cities and Public school leaders in some states and com- rural areas. Research studies and the experimunities have taken the initiative in developing mental development of programs are planned. It cooperative study and community planning. Some is expected that a conference with the leaders of ministers and laymen have sensed the inadequacy the Jews, Roman Catholics and Prote&tants will of religion on Sundays only and the failure of the be held sometime in the future to consider the Church to reach the unchurched groups, so they common interest of all religious faiths in the eduhave invited leaders to study what can be done. cation and character developments of the child.

The first united Protestant program on a state- By some such united approach we may hope to wide basis to provide religious training in coopera- meet the challenge of sixteen million unchurched tion with the public schools and the other major children and youth, and may overcome the criticharacter-building agencies is developing in Ohio. cism of Juvenile Courts, public school educators, After a year of exploratory study by the Ohio and community leaders. The Church can thus re- Council and the International Council of Religious gain its lost leadership in the community and Education, a commission has been organized which make her contribution in coordination with the will officially represent the Council of Churches in other character-building agencies. Ohio, the Ohio Council of Religious Education, the Federal Council of Churches of Christ in America, Let the Church go forward in a united demonthe Home Missions Councils and the International stration, in a national laboratory study and de- Council of Religious Education. This Commis- velopment for these neglected youth..

INTERRELATION OF FOREIGN AND HOME MISSIONS Home missions and foreign missions are the two ends of the same stream, its fountain and its sea. We cannot stop one without drying up the other also. Stop the fountains and the sea will ultimately become a dry bed; evaporate the sea and the fountains will run dry. Home missions are needed to keep the church at home alive and to help it grow. Cutting off foreign mission interest and activity is a sure way of killing home missions. Foreign missions bring returns a thousandfold at home by sending streams back upon the churches to revitalize them and fill them with life more abundant.

Need for Christian

By the REV. J. M. WALKER, D.D., Charlotte, N. C.

Pastor of Steele Creek Presbyterian Church T HE relation of education to Christian char- have lost faith – in God, in themselves, in their . acter is a most vital topic today. An amaz- fellowmen. ing number of new books deal with this Look at the young men who begin a task, but subject. Educational associations of various kinds cannot finish it.

are devoting their time and best thought to it; See how students, trained in institutions of magazines are lending their pages to its discus- learning, are swelling our criminal and delinquent sion; and there is no end to the conferences being lists. held with the idea of finding a solution to the Behold the multitudes without the slightest re- many problems involved. gard to the restraints of the Sabbath.

Out of all this thought and discussion, two Think of the widespread disregard for the things may be said to have become clear: one, Christian standards of sex and bodily purity.

that education must center it~ efforts upon char- Think of the gambling fever that is abroad in acter development. It will concern itself not so the land.

much with subject-matter as with life. Its goal Observe how many homes are broken up, and will be the achieving of a Christian character how the divorce courts are filled.

rather than the mastery of materials. Not that Think of the corruption in politics, and the it will lay less stress upon the acquisition of bribery of justice; the hatred between classes, knowledge per se, but it will d~mand that a great- and the rising war-like spirit between nations.

er emphasis be placed upon guiding youth into an Think of the filth in much of our modern literaunderstanding of that knowledge as it relates to ture and movies; of the unethical practices in his own development in right living. The other business and industries; of the faithlessness of thing is this, the great Christian principles and public servants; and of the wholesale repudiation ideals which were set forth by the Master Him- of sacred obligations. self must find a larger place in our educational processes. The times demand it. All this and much more of a similar kind is tak- ing place among our people, and often right before The Character Crisis in National Life our eyes. The picture is not overdrawn. We have no disposition to exaggerate. Certainly there Our age has made marvelous progress. The· is much in our civilization that is praiseworthy, new scientific knowledge is flying with lightning and for which we should be thankful, but the rapidity across the boundaries of nations, and no symptoms revealed are alarming to say the least.

man can tell what tomorrow holds in store. Yes- What we are chiefly concerned with is the source terday's marvels become today's commonplaces. or sources of this malady. What lies back of this Because the genius of man knows no limit we distress-disorder?

face the future with eager anticipation. How- It is evident that the breakdown is in the realm ever, it does not take a discerning spirit to see of character. Honor and integrity, reverence and that all is not well with us. As a student of our devotion to truth and duty, and the high regard day has well said: "We are like an army that for sacred ideals seem to be a thing of the past may be able to report gains on the right, but with a great body of our people. Principles which which has met with ignominious defeat on the guided our fathers in building this Christian civ- left." With all our furnishings through the ilization have been too frequently thrown over- knowledge of the new sciences; with all the board as something out of date and useless. With equipment that comes with the modern inventions, many, the true has become identified merely with the modern conveniences, and the new modes of the useful, and -the good with that which is pleas-.

communication; with all the vast outlay in edu- ing; there are no fixed standards of truth and cational facilities for the training of youth; still righteousness.

something tremendously important seems to be When we analyse the causes of this breakdown lacking in the lives of our people. Behold the in character and strive to get at the secret for this breakdowns occurring all along the line; men failure, we do not proceed with such assurance.

ffl92 ] In this complex civilization there are too many follow the lead of these antireligionists, and use educacross-currents playing upon the life of the average tioI?al procedures which are based on philosophical theories whIch are destructive to religion. This thing is happening individual, tending either to make or mar his both in public schools and in church schools.

character. It behooves us to tread with humility. 1. First of all, a large part of our educational This secularization of the public education has been going on for years. Perhaps we are just beprogram has been out of balance. We have been ginning to feel the full force of its effect. It was primarily concerned with ways and means rather but logical to expect that a system of public eduthan with objectives. We have said, let facts be cation from which religion had been carefully purveyed, character will take care of itself. We have been too busy mastering scientific methods eliminated would in time become essentially and to give much attention to mastering life. It has actively antireligious. A godless philosophy of been a materialistic age, and the spiritual has been life is bound, as the night follows the day, to propolitely bowed out. Students have been taught to duce a godless civilization. It has laid its blighting put their entire faith in the scientific method as hand upon nearly everything that we held as sacred-upon the home, the family, the church a cure-all for the numerous ills of society. the school, society, and even the business world: "This steady secularization of public education" says one of our Christian philosophers, "is per- We have sown the. wind, and now we are reaping haps the most potent factor in producing a dis- the whirlwind. torted sense of values in the mind of our young It was but inevitable that our nation should be people. While we have been introducing one sub- in for a cruel awakening. All this crass material- ism and antireligious teaching in schools and colject after another of a secular nature, we have leges was bound to bring about a reaction. Truth been steadily eliminating or restricting instruction of a moral and religious nature. Our children has a way of rising to the surface and coming out naturally put the emphasis on the things that are regardless. Then again, too many institutions of learning remained faithful to their trust; and given prominence in their experience." there were too many consecrated teachers of youth Dr. Walter A. Squires, oifn Thoidsaye,x"ceslhleonwt s bhoook~ to be completely swept off their feet by this surge "Educational Movements of antireligious propaganda. The teacher's task, as it has been truly said, is too sacred a thing for fifty years ago moral and religious truths were a vital part of the public curriculum. But since him to be long led astray. The dawn of the new day is here, and the question is being asked everythat time they have become so secularized that the spiritual has been largely eliminated. Culti- where, what can we do to make our nation Chris- tian? What has education to do with the formavation of the spiritual nature has been shunted tion of character? ~nto a corner. The inference drawn by our youth IS that the courses most worth while are those of a materialistic nature, which have immediate and How Is Christian Character Achieved?

tangible value. Consciously or unconsciously, our What is the Christian character we wish to boys and girls have 'imbibed the notion that mak- achieve? To begin with, Christian character is ing a good living is more important than living a not something that varies with the ethical culture good life. The ideal existence is conceived in the of the nation. It is not the product of the theory terms of material comfort rather than in terms of of relativity in matters of right and wrong. It personal honor, integrity, and truth. cannot be said to be one thing in Russia another thing in Germany or Italy, and still quite a dif- 2. A second important factor in the breakdown ferent thing in England or America. Christian of character is found in that smaIi group of anti- character is a product that is discernible wherreligious and atheistic teachers in universities ever it is found-in Christian or in non-Christian who have rejected religion and who are bent on lands. It has certain earmarks which are common bringing higher education in line with their own to all Christians. True, these appear in varying antireligious attitudes. Says Dr. Squires in the degrees of development in the individual as he book above quoted: These "intellectuals," these leaders of our American grows in grace, but the root of the matter is there "intelligentsia" have in some way gained a wide recogni- just the same. The Christian life is the Christtion as leaders in educational science. They seem to as- centered life; and it is the Christ-way of life. sume a sort of proprietorship over such terms as "scienti~c,:' "modern," and "progressive." Unfortunately public The Christian character is the product of the OpInIOn hardly seems to challenge the assumption. . • . Christ-centered life. Christ has been formed in The most serious element in the situation, however does the life through faith. This is the initial work in not lie with these out-and-out antireligiortists. It lies in Christian character formation. By it we mean the fact that a multitude of public educators are blindly something infinitely more than a mere assent to following the theories which this group have constructed a set of propositions about the Lord Jesus Christ. and which they are diligently promoting. It is really re- It may be described as securing the allegiance of markable how some people deeply loyal 'to religion will

one's inner life to the whole personality of the The life of Christ is more surely transmitted Christ. Such an allegiance brings about a change through the example of Christian men and women in personality, which may be gradual or sudden, than through any other source. Students have a depending largely upon his training in Christian decided tendency to become like those who teach experience. But this change is so radical that them. So the life of the teacher, more than any- Jesus called it the "new birth." The Christian thing that is taught, counts most in building up then, is one who has this inner life born of faith or tearing down Christian character. Too much in Jesus Christ. It is this new life that: gives emphasis cannot be placed upon the personality both motivation to his conduct, and power for the of the teacher. We soon forget what we are accomplishment of his God-given tasks. taught; the influence of the life of the teacher Christian character is not only the product of abides-a hallowed benediction or a painful mem- the Christ-centered life, but it is also the result ory of wasted opportunities. The wealth of our of the Christ-way of life. This new life is pat- Christian institutions of learning does not lie in terned after that of the Master. He bears in his brick and mortar, nor in stocks and bonds, but in body the marks of the Saviour. The norm of the the power of great personalities in the faculty.

Christian character is the character of Jesus Him- All that we have been saying but leads to the self. As we study the character of Jesus there truth: Christian character is as much caught as are at least five outstanding characteristics, five it is taught. It develops through the discipline features that were distinctive, which set Him off of life's experiences under the watchful eye of a from all other men. There was His purity or saintly ,soul.

holiness; His love; His forgiveness; His sacri- Second in importance is the influence of a fice; and His humility. These revealed the pas- Christian curriculum upon character formation.

sion of His heart, and they were exhibited in His Just as the Christian is a Christ-centered person- daily life. In this way He set going forces that ality, so the education that is to produce that have in them the making of a new world. It was character must be Christ-centered. That does not not an overstatement that the historian Lecky mean that the facts of science will receive any made in his "History of European Morals" when the less emphasis; rather the more. But it does he said: "The 'three short years' of the active life determine the approach to truth. To begin with, of Jesus have done more to regenerate and soften it recognizes Divinity in the life of things. It mankind than all the disquisition of philosophers says: "Man's chief end is to glorify God and to and all the exhortations of moralists of all time." enjoy Him forever." It further states: "The It is characters fashioned after this pattern that Word of God which is contained in the Scriptures the world needs today. Such characters our edu- of the Old and New Testament, is the only rule to cational institution should strive to turn out. How direct us how we may glorify and enjoy Him."

can it be done? With these .fixed postulates it moves into every It will be readily admitted, that character build- realm of truth with the full assurance, "Ye shall ing is the most difficult task in our civilization. know the truth and the truth shall make you free."

While we recognize that Christian character is Best of all, it is assured that when young life has largely the product of training, still we are much been properly trained, there will come a time when at sea as to the way human personality develops. that life will long for the Perfect Life about which As we have said, there are so many influences it may be entwined and held, just as naturally as playing upon young life – and they are ever on the vine calls for the pole to be its stay and guide.

the increase – as to make our· efforts uncertain. When the main educational forces of the com- It is just possible there may be two forces for munity-,-the home, the church, the school-unite evil to everyone for good constantly working in this holy cooperative undertaking we may con- against our very best efforts. Both the power of fidently look for the issue-a Christian character, heredity and the influence of environment, over the supreme need of our day.

which we have but little control, may largely nul- lify all the nobler impulses that may be brought to bear on a life. Surely to guide one into the way Divine dynamic has its beginning when men of Christian living requires all the wisdom and have reached their end. Its majesty meets us only consecration one can command. at yonder borderline where in our willing and The most potent influence in the formative working we aremade to pant for breath. Where period of one's life comes through the contact my cunning and my fortunes can do nothing, can- with'Christian parents, teachers and professors. not help, comes my God. KARL BARTH.

Church Can Help' the

By EDGAR M. WAHLBERG, Denver, Colorado Pastor of Grace Community Church and President of the Denver Open Forum .

I N DENVER the now aged Father William H. relation of the Church and the unemployed. Un- O'Ryan is most highly revered for two things: fortunately the Church as a whole does not fea- his long and deep love for his church and his ture in the hardships of those who suffer most. determined struggle in behalf of social justice. Economic need is the major interest of most He did not hesitate to state bluntly the problem of people, and in times of stress economic security unemployment and poverty in relation to religion becomes a single issue. The church must be deep- in a meeting of the Catholic Industrial Confer- ly realistic about this question. At present people ence. He said, "Poverty to St. Francis may have are confused and harassed because they are in an been a holy thing, but to emotional stage and cannot John Smith, unemployed, in balance experience with my parish, with his wife and Continued unemployment, hard facts. The Church must five children it is a far dif- voluntary or involuntary, is a bear its responsibility for ferent thing. Poverty leads menace to the material, moral not having helped the people to the very gates of hell. "to discern this time."

Members are lost, not gained, and spiritual wellbeing of the Universal spiritual recovto the church because of iCnhduivrcidhu. al,Tthhee inSatabtielityandof thaet ery will follow universal eco- least. twelve million workers in pauperism. . . . Oligarchy nomic security based upon a in America shouts democ- America to find healthful em- Christian philosophy and racy to fool the people. This ployment constitutes a real cri- economy where earnings are is the meanest kind of oli- sis that threatens disaster. This for the benefit of many rathgarchy. . . . The Protestant paper, by a pastor who has done er than for the profit of the Church has lost the laboring much to help the unemployed in few. Any attempts at reliman because Protestant min- his own city, gives valuable sug- gious revival apart from this isters have not assisted the gestions that may be found use- position will prove to be unemployed or labor. We ful elsewhere. Some will not futile and eventually will de,. are also losing them because apgorienet, wbiutth atlhleaaguretehotrhaatt seovmerey- stroy Christian faith and thing must be done in harmony we have not been true to our add to the common despair. program. . . . The Catholic 7 Any church that shouts the Church is losing more mem- "Kingdom of God" to fool bers each year than it is tak- with the spirit and teachings of the people is a mean church Jesus Christ, to meet the needs of the hour.

ing in by conversion. . . . and it does not represent the To me, social service is re- Master, who was anointed to ligion." preach "good tidings to the The dilemma of the Church and the masses is poor," and who later proved the validity of His presented by H. Richard Niebuhr in his statement, mission to the imprisoned John the Baptist by re- "There is no effective religious movement among porting that the poor "had good tidings preached the disinherited in America. As a result they to them."

are simply outside the pale of organized Christi- Is the Church taking an active place in the hon- anity." est resentments of life? Are churchmen near Professor H. Paul Douglass says in the Spring- those who are clubbed to death in food riots? Is field Survey, "The churches have run away from the Church aware of the dangers of regimenta- the areas of desperate needs." The preacher who tion of millions to the lowest levels of life? Is was asked to speak before a mass meeting of re- the heart of the Church touched by the misery lief strikers was quite shocked when, as he was and tragedy of the victims of modern selfishness introduced as "Reverend," a worker yelled, "We and stupidity? Is the influence of the Church don't want any religion here." This experience feared by the privileged and selfish classes?

and these statements quite characterize the usual Should the Church be an open door for everyone?

[295 ]

As a rule the language of the Church is un- bodies gave leadership much good was accomfamiliar and means little to the unemployed. Its plished. In Grace Church a Self-Help Cooperaappeal often suggests an obscurantism in which tive in two years, with a small outlay of cash, there is no action. The unemployed recognize two did over $34,000 worth of business in furnishing or three significant needs and are waiting for a actual commodities to the poor. It is clear that revolutionary Christianity which deals with real- men who have no wealth and who do not control ity in accordance with those needs. Major moral the means of production struggle against almost insights are dependent upon human needs. A impossible odds, and as a result this first great middle class society with, fair prospects, from and fundamental urge of the unemployed has been which is drawn the major constituency of the largely dissolved. Church, turns its attention to moral questions of a different type than does a society of people out People turned increasingly to what is apparof work, whose future appears empty and hope- ently the only alternative-relief. Agencies were less. Where profit seeking capitalism increasingly inadequate and distributed relief in monthly sums fails to support the people, middle class people as low as $9.00 per month-$13.00 in Denver. will have to decide whether or not to join the The people could not live on this scale and a secdispossessed in a struggle for a truly Christian ond movement developed involving hundreds of social order; organizations and thousands of members. The main purpose was to demand more adequate relief. One fundamental contribution of any church to These organizations were quite resentful and met the solution of this problem is the maintenance considerable opposition but struck fear into sociof an atmosphere of fair play and a platform ety. Some churches accepted the opportunity to which asserts itself in a policy of true freedom work with them. Night after night hundreds of speech. Only in this way can the church be were turned away from packed meetings at Grace close to people and so come to know and follow Church. Gradually, the Government entered the the way of God. Grace Community Church, Den- field and relief was raised to an average of $30.00 ver, maintains a policy sensitive to people in which a month. every minority and oppressed group may find expression. . Twenty-six different unemployed Unemployed soon found that bombarding relief and workers' organizations count Grace Center as agencies was both unhappy and futile. After all, a regular meeting place. Among them are: relief workers or their organizations were not the Baker's Union, Sheet Metal Workers, Truck Driv- ones that put people out of work. Multitudes hurers and Teamsters, Tramway Employees, Tank ried to other extremes and joined visionary move- Builders, Retail Clerks, Auto Mechanics, A. F. of ments born out of hope. Millions joined the L. Rank and File, Unemployed Cooperatives, In- Townsend Clubs, the Utopian Societies, the Techternational Labor Defense, National Workers Al- nocrats, and other organizations. Much energy liance, Colorado Cooperative, Inc., Townsend was dissipated but may have saved the United Clubs, Utopians, Socialist Party, Technocrats, States from more serious disturbances. Ex-C. W. A. Workers, Poultry Cooperative, Farmers Union, Joint Council of Women's Auxiliaries, Another stage involves two directions—{)ne Good Government Club, Voters Clubs, Workers sound, in which people study their problems and Press Conference, League for Human Freedom, attempt to survey life. The Denver Labor College League Against War and Fascism, Labor College, had three terms this past year with courses in Homesteaders Club, Miner's Cooperative, F. E. Economics, Sociology, NRA, History of Labor, R. A. Workers, Relief Strikers, Consumers Coop- Social Insurance, Labor Law, Dramatics, Systems erative Study Club, Transient Boys Club, Workers of Social Change, Proposed Economic Programs, Boys' and Girls' Clubs, and Mooney-Billings Com- and other courses. The other direction represents mittee. another wild fling, this time behind the glittering generalities of such personalities as Huey Long Churches sensitive to what has happened these and Father Coughlin. This second direction replast five years will note the following develop- resents a grave danger in which America may ments. Immediately after the crash in 1929, un- unwittingly be Hitlerized. employed almost in mass resorted to self-help activities. Many organizations developed in The Constitution of the Workers and Farmers every community—{)ver thirty in the City of Alliance of EI Paso County, Colorado, strikingly Denver. This work proceeded largely without similar to others over the country, represents a public approval and was sometimes discouraged more earnest effort by the unemployed. Incidenby both business and organized labor. Social tally, one of the trusted officers of this Alliance is workers generally ignored this outpouring of co- Rev. John Jorden, of St. Paul's Church, Colorado operative initiative, but where churches and civic Springs. This relationship is typical of hundreds of situations and indicates a part that the church can play. This organization strives to be wholly

HOW THE CHURCH CAN HELP THE UNEMPLOYED

American. The Preamble to the Constitution is activities. In many instances all that is needed well worth reading. is encouragement to develop some significantly helpful and creative interests, including interest Because of the hopeless political situation now confront- in Consumers' Cooperatives. Education should ing the United States, and the fact that our Legislative, be dominant. Ministers should be especially Executive and Judiciary bodies are in constant disagree- aware of workers' education, and should promote ment regarding a workable program to stabalize industry related activities of forums, panels, dramatics, and fulfill the promises of a new deal for the masses: We, music, art, and other avocations. the producing citizens of the nation have found it neces- Excellent work is being done in the field of GRACE CHURCH COOPERATIVE POTATO CAMP workers' education. Preachers need to be in- formed. The purpose of this workers' education sary to organize in sundry groups for self-protection not is: "to foster among workers a better understandonly against entrenched predatory wealth as formerly, ing of economic and social problems, interpreting but also against gross injustice caused by political favor- them in the light of accurate information and of itism in the government agencies entrusted with the dole our own experience; to instruct workers in prinand work relief program for its millions of unemployed ciples of labor organization and in method of victims. . . . building an activ.ely intelligent Labor Movement; to encourage the building of a social order ade- Our meetings will be educational in nature and should quate for all the needs of all the people." follow the lines of economic class interest without advocating any special creed or politics and our aim should be the The pall of many churches in unemployed amalgamation of all useful workers of hand and brain, in neighborhoods is poor church attendance and order that a careful and intelligent mass action may be apparent indifference. Cooperation on the part applied in case of a crisis. of the church to meet the real needs of the people will make the minister a busy person with a hun- dred demands: as a speaker before unemployed groups, an advisor, and a leader in the effort to bring about better conditions.

The church should also strive to be a commu- nity center endeavoring to meet special needs- for recreation, nursery schools, activities to pre- A casual observer will note that the world will A GRACE COMMUNI'IW CHURCH BOYS' CLUB whirl for some time to come. This easily reveals the first opportunity of the Church to the unem- vent juvenile delinquency and help with family ployed. Churches need to open their doors and problems. Grace Church received the following allow space to be used by the people. Churches letter from the Crime Prevention Bureau of in the less fortunate neighborhoods should not be Denver: closed week days. More fortunate churches could well afford to help support strategically located DEAR REV. WAHLBERG: churches of the disinherited as centers for unemployed and workers' activities. Grace Church I wish to use this means of expressing to you my comhouses over 300 different meetings a month. The pliments of the effective work you are doing in your December report of the caretaker is interesting. district. "We have at this time meeting here nine labor unions, sixteen educational and workers' classes, four labor auxiliaries, and fifteen other groups. The chapel and rooms iIi the Community Building, including Children's Work and Boys' and Girls' Clubs, are used 365 times a month, not including the Sunday school where the rooms are used again. The Chapel frequently is used and cleaned as many as four times daily, especially on Saturdays -most of the others twice daily."

A second procedure is to cultivate self-help

From a spot map made in the Juvenile Court, I find It is the experience of the writer that the unemonly one boy's case filed in 1932 and one in 1933 in the' ployed, when confidence is established, turn eagerarea bounded by Broadway, West Colfax and Speer. This ly to the Christian minister for guidance. The is indeed a fact to be proud of. Grace Unemployed Cooperative Arbitration Com- mittee, of which the pastor is a member, has been The work of a community center with the necessary able to settle many disputes and has handed down equipment can never be estimated in dollars. Our delin- many interesting decisions. The Church can win quency problem would be practically wiped out if we had many of these people to Christ if, in addition to a sufficient number of such institutions as the Grace Com- shouting the Kingdom of God, it also uses its munity Church. influence to build up the Kingdom and to share its blessings with the workers. Trusting that your good work will continue, I am Respectfully, A labor union took over the job of decorating EDMUND C. YOUNG, Grace Church in which twenty-one unemployed painters donated most of their time until the job Bureau of Probation and Delinquency Prevention. was completed. Asked why union labor was will- ing to work without pay the union boss replied, The Church must give meaning to its social "We men like to help a good cause. A church GOSPel pronouncements if it hopes to win the that is doing the work of your church deserves unemployed to Christ. To announce that the the best. If we had left our job half done, we Church is committed to fair wages and better would always have felt guilty. We just have to working conditions and at the same time to ignore play fair with these boys and girls. And a fellow the plight of workers in any particular neighbor- is willing to do most anything when he is apprehood is a glaring contradiction which indicates ciated. Most folks, it seems, find it a lot easier insincerity. Church people as a rule have no true to damn us and misunderstand us. Here, we have idea of such things as socialism, corporations, seen with our own eyes a real service, and have labor unions, strikes, lockouts, and other social felt a real Christian appreciation of humanity. concepts that are constantly met in this world. You can't turn that down. It ain't profits. folks The unemployed are often more anxious about wants, it's life." finding something good in the Church· than is the Church itself. Religious interest is riot highly developed in the masses. Nevertheless, they are keenly sensitive to a common language that bespeaks fellowship in the struggle to iive.

Juvenile Criminals and the Church By HOMER L. DICKERSON, Nickerson, Nebraska j there is no such thing as "an average juvenile delinquent," we maintain that in the majority of THERE are few social problem~, today of more cases these characteristics are found. Just as we interest than that of crime. _any plans are have what we term the average American citizen offered for its solution. Some may work but so we note the characteristics of the average many are hopeless. There is one thing certain, juvenile delinquent. He may be described as folhowever, that if we can stop juvf!nge delinquency lows: the larger problem of crime is s~lved. How to do this has thus far batHed those'most interested. He is 18 years of age and unmarried. He is a Some believe criminals are born to be at odds nominal member of a church that he never atwith society. Others say that any child born into tends. (See table 2.) His mother and father the environment out of which delinquents come, are of foreign birth and do not speak the English is doomed to spend his life fleeing from the law. language well. (See table 1.) He has been raised in a home in which there has been serious trouble On the basis of an investigation of a modern due either to -divorce or death of his parents., reformatory, we make certain suggestions as to (Sixty-one of the boys did not live with both of what the Church can do about the solution of their parents.) This average delinquent has this problem. always lived in a poverty-stricken home situated in a tenement district of a large city. There are For convenience and clarity we include a chart seven in the family and some of his brothers have of two and have summed up the dominant char- been in trouble with the authorities. The boy did acteristics of the 100 boys and included them in what we call the average delinquent. While we readily admit the weakness of this method, since

JUVENILE CRIMINALS AND THE CHURCH

not like school and often played truant. He began ous to mention. Each situation has its own soluschool at the age of six and left at fourteen after tion; the main thing is that the minister take completing the seventh grade. His mental age an interest in such boys. is approximately ten years and eight months. This young man has repeated at least one grade The program of the Boy Scouts should also in school. Since then he has had two jobs and appeal to boys. Yet our survey shows that only worked on each on the average of nine months at three had membership in that organization. While $16.98 a week. He was unemployed at the time certain phases of the Boy Scout movenie]J.t may he committed the crime for which he was sent to not always appeal, yet the whole program is the Reformatory. His leisure time was spent in flexible enough to be adjusted to many needs. The loafing. Prior to his present committal he has great difficulty' is to get leaders. Here the minbeen convicted of four crimes. ister can be of great help, through appealing to his men to give their time in taking care of a What Can the Church Do? Scout patrol of potential delinquents.

In making recommendations as to what the The Prevention of Delinquency minister can do to aid in the rehabilitation of these boys, first let us consider the position of the Weare not concerned alone in rehabilitating minister in the community. boys but rather in preventing them from becom- ing delinquent. The natural question is what He is the man especially trained to guide those can the minister do about the boy whose parents forces which build character. While it is not cannot speak English freely? It seems only reanecessary or wise, that he be the head of such sonable that he use his influence to obtain social organizations as the Y. M. C. A., the Boy Scouts workers who speak both languages and know and other leisure-time agencies, he should be in both cultures, to act as foster parents to both the constant contact with them and should aid in young man and his parents. If this can not be making their influence felt in the community. Ac- done an effort can be made to obtain members of cording to this survey the Y. M. C. A. and the his church willing to "take" a foreign-speaking Boy Scouts have played little or no part in the family and help to orient them to their new envilives of these boys. Only two have attended the ronment. He can open his church to classes in "Y" and three the Boy Scouts. Such a situation adult education. should not exist. Certainly the recreational program of the "Y" should appeal to the thousands In facing the problem of the school we find it of potential delinquents. Despite the fact that particularly difficult. Our survey shows that 73 per cent of the boys came from cities where overwhelming numbers of the boys studied have the Y. M. C. A. is operating, only two per cent had difficulty in school, many at a very early age. were regular attendants. The ministers can aid in The survey also shows that the majority of the getting boys who need the "Y" into its recrea- boys were below the average mental level. Taking tional classes. It is probable that the apparent all these things into consideration it seems wise, failure of the "Y" is not due to any desire on its that when this situation is known to exist, we part to serve only those of the more favored should adapt our educational standards to meet classes, but rather due to a lack of financial and the needs of this group. They have proven their moral support from those whom the minister can mental handicap, and to continue trying to make reach. Putting it more plainly, the delinquent them measure up to the old recognized educational very often cannot pay for membership. Neither standards simply fosters truancy. Many people can the "Y." Some one else must do it. The today believe truancy to be the threshold of a minister, working in cooperation with the "Y" criminal career. The minister once convinced of secretary, could help in getting his church mem- the necessity of teaching the manual arts to those bers to subscribe toward free memberships for who have difficulty in mastering textbook knowlsuch boys as these. edge should use his influence with the school au- thorities to provide these children with opportuni- The minister should be one to greet the boy ties t(')· develop their talents along the lines of upon his return from the reform school. He their abilities. can act as the one to whom the boy can go for guidance. It would be worth while· for him to The writer is not qualified to offer a perfect see that the young man is immediately given a educational program. Modern educators are free membership in the "Y" and that he be per- working on this and in many cases are doing a mitted to join other clubs provided for him. He fine piece of work. Some examples are the project might prevail upon a member of his church to method, platoon or opportunity classes and trainact as a Big Brother to the boy. The avenues ing in the manual arts. These programs are built the minister can open to help him are too numer- to fit the needs of the pupils. The greatest ob- stacle to that kind of training comes from the

adults who have been through the old system, and ing minister. The laboring man should under- are convinced of its merits and resent any change. stand that the Christian religion functioning If they had the new system explained to them, properly will obtain for him the very thing he many would approve it. The Parent-Teacher As- wants most; that is, a chance to live life at its sociation is an excellent organization for foster- best.

ing understanding between the parent and the Having said all this, the natural question arises teacher. The minister can offer very practical how can a minister find time to do all these things ? help toward this understanding by becoming an One minister may not be able to do it alone but active supporter of this organization and advising groups of ministers, planning together can do the his church members to do the same. work effectively. It is admittedly a hard task. Reformatory officers believe their plan of keep- Some people may be poor and others rich, some live in tenements and others in mansions, some ing every waking moment of the boy's days full of are in conflict with the laws and others obey them, activity, is responsible for their comparatively but all must be served by the Christian minister. small number of disciplinary problems. The His task is to coordinate these diverse groups so Christian minister can learn much from their ex- that the fortunate and the unfortunate will live perience. Many modern communities have very together in harmony, and all will be given an opfew other than commercial amusements for youth. portunity to enjoy the abundant life found in Motion picture shows soon become tiresome, many Jesus Christ. are unwholesome and the boys do not have the money to pay for these amusements. They must TABLE 1 get their recreation some place. Why not in the church? Most of our churches are now used THE JUVENILE CRIMINAL AND THE CHURCH only one or two days a week. It is possible that a Place of Birth Fathers Mothers minister, working with his men could organize United States ……………….. . 44 41 clubs as leisure-time activities, varied enough to Italy ……………………….. . 22 18 appeal to the taste of most of the young people in Poland ……………………… . 8 10 the community. Each local situation should be Czecho-Slovakia ………………. . 3 3 Germany ……………………. . 3 3 planned in accordance with its own needs. Ireland ……………………… . 2 4 Such a program should interest these boys in Russia ……………………… . 2 4 the worship service of the church. There are England ……………………. . 1 1 some who doubt the efficiency of church attend- Australia ……………………. . 1 2 ance as a crime deterrent. A recent report from Lithuania …………………… . 1 1 Scotland ……………………. . 1 1 one reformatory reveals that there is a strong Wales ……………………… . 1 o correlation between church attendance before Haiti ………………………. . o 1 commitment and success on parole, and a still West Indies …………………. . 1 1 stronger link between church attendance while on Ukraine …………………….. . 1 o parole and success. 91 91 CHURCH ATTENDANCE PRIOR TO COMMITMENT Dead (Nationality not known) .. 9 9 Regular ………. 2 failing out of 26 ( 8 per cent) Total 100 100 Irregular ……… 35 failing out of 216 (16 per cent) None .; ……….. 15 failing out of 42 (36 per cent) TABLE 2 CHURCH ATTENDANCE ON PAROLE THE JUVENILE CRIMINAL AND THE CHURCH Regular ………. 2 failing out of 77 ( 3 per cent) Attendance Irregular ……… 29 failing out of 169 (17 per cent) None …………• 23 failing out of 41 (56 per cent) Church Reg- Fre- Sel- Never Membership ular quent dom Ministers cannot obtain work for all the unem- 45 ployed. They can do much, however, to improve Roman Catholic 63 8 1 9 7 the situation. Ample opportunities offer them- 1 4 selves to a minister for making employers more MPArfeertsihcboaydntiesrtBiaaEnpptiis.sct.o.p..a.l ….. 13 0 0 5 5 conscious of the needs of the employees. The 6 0 3 Christian social message from the pulpit should 6 0 1 1 1 be practical enough and so pointed that no em- 2 2 ployer can mistake the practical application. A 0 0 1 '0 modern minister should let the employees in his 0 1 parish know that he understands their· problems Hebrew ………….. 0. 3 0 0 0 and can offer practical advice and help. Labor organizations need the influence of an understand- African Methodist …. 3 0 0 Greek Catholic …….. 2 0 0 Baptist …….. ~ ………. 1 0 1 Dutch Reformed …… 0 .. 1 0 0 Totals ……………. 98 11 2 17 68 The 99th boy stated he was a Protestant but never at- tended. The 100th boy was not a member of any church and never goes. These figures were taken from the boys' own statements.

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II Effective Ways of Working 'rested Methods for Increasing Interest at Home EDITED BY MRS. ESTELLA S. AITCHISON, GRANVILLE, OHIO IN THE PROGRAM BUILD- to be used in the year opening in is one of the slogans of the new September, the n thoroughly day. ER'S WORKSHOP study them with your local groupings in mind. If possible, 4. Try to give every person in The "convenient season" for attend a summer conference your organization or group building programs is now upon where the new material is ex- something to do in the line of his us and missionary planners ploited. aptitude. All should work, learn, should take advantage of the fa- pray, give; but why hamper the cilities which summer affords 2. Ca,ter to appetites in the expression of truth by asking for that important bit of church matter of variety and pleasing Moses to make a speech or construction. The plans, speci- flavor. Don't serve the new Aaron to lead a multitude? It fications and blueprints for the things in the same old ways of might well be the task of a definew Home Mission studies are last year. Cast the material in nite committee to find not a but not yet available for your De- the form of p I a y s, pageants, the job for every member. Repartment Editor inasmuch as original dramatizations of the member that aptitudes which naher "mansions" are, like those in study books and leaflets, cos- ture has dyed in the wool can't Dr. Gordon's famous dream, tumed impersonations, visualiza- be faded out in the wash. "strictly limited by the material tions, object lessons, debates, sent up from below," namely, discussions, book reviews, mov- 4. Direct all study or inforsupplied in summer conferences ing and stereopticon pictures, mation into the channel of some and schools of mission study. capitalization of special days and expressional projec.t which shall An abundance of detailed plans events, exhibitions, demonstra- conserve instead of evaporating will be ready for our readers a tions, expressional projects for emotional energy. We learn little later. Meanwhile founda- hand, mind and pocketbook-all about this or that people in order tions may be laid according to the kaleidoscopic colorings for to do for them. the fundamental principles enu- truth which this Department has merated in this issue, and some tried to pass on from its con- 5. Use new charts. Find new specific plans of value are given stituency from month to month. machinery. Steer new courses. herewith. Sharpen up your Write to The Religious Motion But never lose sight of or subortools! Picture Foundation, 140 Nassau dinate the unchanging goal of St., New York City, for its cata- salvation through Jesus Christ On the Ground Floor log covering the widest variety for the whole world. Social of moving pictures available at service is a good means to the 1. Adapt plans to age-require- an insignificant price, if you can end; but it must never be misment and type of mind. For- possibly arrange to buy or bor- taken for the end. A unique iltunately m 0 s t denominational row a projector (s eve r a I lustration of adaptation of old agencies for missionary educa- churches sharing the same in- means to new conditions is aftion bring out annually courses strument, as in some friendly forded by the project called and programs prepared by ex- communities) . Study variety perts familiar with pedagogy and utilize the imagination. Cooperation Between the and current needs. "What is sauce for the goose" is no longer 3. Make sure you serve up P. T. A. and Church Schools considered "sauce for the gan- worthful material, not froth and der," as was formerly the case flavor meant as appetizers. Use The following article is contribin making up missionary pro- materials provided in the United uted by Mrs. J. D. Burton, Disgrams . for men and women, Mission Study Courses, supple- trict President of the Tennessee adults and children. But even mented by your specific denom- Congress of Parents and Teachwell-graded material needs to be inational plans and amplified by ers in the Sixth District: adapted locally, and this requires at least one independent publicagenuine work on the part of tion such as THE REVIEW, which The early history of education leaders. First write your de- sees beyond the boundaries of in Tennessee is the story of the partment of missionary educa- the various communions into the. early academies, in the main tion or the literature secretary Land of Universal Brotherhood private schools taught usually by for all the plans and materials and Cooperation. "Togetherism" ministers who had come into the communities for purposes of [301 ] evangelization. At that time these church schools were looked

upon as "foreign enterprises" Is it not possible that Mrs. Similar themes but much and the teachers as having nothing in common with the com- Burton has, in the foregoing, simpler ones must be used munities in which the schools outlined one of the "next steps" among junior groups. Are the were located and no cooperation with the public schools. This is in Home Missions? foregoing too hard for the averno longer true, and the leaders Instead of a "Preachment" age minister or his membership? in the private church schools The study necessary for adeand in the public schools have by the pastor or a program by quate discussion will in itself be learned to work together. It is unifying education and public the laity, why not have an occa- one of the high values of the sentiment in the Cumberland sional forum? Due to changes project. Do we "tremble for Mountains. The church schools today are rendering a fine serv- in psychology as well as current the ark of the Lord," fearing to ice in Christian education and pedagogy, this method of releas- "unsettle" our church folk? are pursuing the method of cooperation with other groups in ing information is becoming in- Most of the m, particularly the region. The leadership of the two lines finds a common creasingly popular, particularly among the younger generation, m€eting ground in the Parent- Teacher Association Movement among the educated folk inclu- .have already raised the questions which serves the home, school sive of the younger people (but and guidance in their thinking and community. It is nonsectarian and nonpartisan. Much then don't we remember the ex- will tend to clarify rather than is being accomplished in the way of coordination of e f for t. citing debates in "the little old to unsettle. This guidance is one Through this method public and private educators meet in joint red schoolhouse" of our youth ?) . of the major tasks of wide-awake deliberation as to ways in which From Stanley Jones' round table pastors and leaders and will be their programs can be coor- discussions in India even to suc- a direct contribution toward the dinated for the good of all. This involves unification of effort, co- cessful American evangelism, missionary cause. ordination of endeavor and economy of expenditure. pro and con discussions under a The forum method is particu- larly adapted to the considera- The Sixth District of the Ten- leader who holds the reins firmly tion of subject matter in our nessee Congress of Parents and to direct and to prevent a run- new Home Mission study books, away seem to fit the mood of the outstanding among which for Teachers is composed of seven adults is "Toward a Christian counties in the heart of the Cum- present generation. Given a America: The Contribution of berland Mountains. There are live topic, a skilful leader, a Home Missions," by Hermann N. Morse. (Cloth, $1.00; paper, 406 public schools in the district. small group of round-table talk- 60 cents.) An idea of its con- The problem of isolation is a ers who know how to talk, and tents and of the debatable ma- permission for a later free-for- terial may be gained from the large one in a number of places. chapter headings: all from the floor, with a definite Church schools are maintained time limit, such discussions I. Home Missions and the Chrishere by the Congregational, the among persons of any age above tian Ideal for America. Methodist Episcopal, the Meth- the grammar grades may prove II. Home Missions Reach Out. odist Episcopal South and the most fertile. They may even III. Home Missions Come of Age. Presbyterian churches, all oper- furnish a good Sunday evening ating under the boards and agencies of these denominations. service for the harassed pastor who preaches himself hoarse to The method followed is to have the private 'schools as members a handful. IV. Home Missions Take Stock of of the P. T. A. Movement, and to have their leaders participate in In these days of doubt as to the Present. the need of Foreign Missions, V. Evangelization-the Need. the Sixth District Conference of VI. Evangelization-the Means. the State P. T. A. Leaders of why not arrange a forum to ex- VII. Home Missions and Social Wel- ploit such live topics as these: public schools meet and make fare. contact with leaders of church schools in this way, thus pro- Have Foreign Missions outlived VIII. The Ministry of Service. moting mutual understanding of their usefulness? Are we justified in IX. Can Christians Cooperate?

viewpoints and needs. The joint diverting funds so badly needed at X. The Promise and Its Fulfilefforts are eliminating many ob- home to present the Gospel to an un- ment. stacles to the educational development of the region through willing people filled with the national- This study is most timely. Its istic spirit? the P. T. A. program. Can western Christianity be grafted keynote was sounded at the In- on to Oriental civilizations? Or are not their own reformed and modern- ternational Missionary Council ized religions better suited to the back- in its meeting at Jerusalem, by grounds and needs of Orientals? R. H. Tawney, when he said: Will not Buddhism be adequate if "You cannot at once preach the revamped by Christianity? religion of Christianity and practice the religion of material Is any Oriental religion or philos- success, which is the creed of a ophy sufficient for personal salvation?

"By their fruits"-a comparison of twenty centuries under Christianit"y great part of the western world with a similar period under any non- Christian religion or philosophy. and is the true competitor of Christianity for the allegiance May the sacred writings of Bud- of mankind." The 1935-36 dhists or Confucianists be considered their Old Testament, on which to graft studies face up to this fact and the Christian New Testament? To what extent may we now with- study the remedy. After the program builder has read one or draw our support in money and mis- sionaries from mission churches? more of the books written for

EFFECTIVE WAYS OF WORKING'

our consideration, forum topics colors and consequent denial of equal- expressed in His commands to His ity in opportunity. followers? (The devotional service will suggest themselves, espe- may well feature these commands.) Disproportional spending upon ourcially when the study is linked selves in building churches and educa- PUTTING THE "I" INTO "FRONup with the book of two years tional plants to the neglect of the less ago, "Christianity and Industry privileged. TIERSMEN"

in America," by Alva W. Taylor. War the traditional method of set- This program may either be given tling disputes. illustrated with the blackboard or a (Price the same as for current chart on which the letter "i" has been books.) Some general discus- Food raised in abundance and de- placed, that letter being enclosed in a sion topics might well be: stroyed, while many are in bread lines. ring in each of the suggested words , Personal expenditure on trivialities and neglect of missionary benevo- Has social service a legitimate place lences. What can you find in the written by the speaker as her theme in Home Mission study and endeavor, spirit and daring of the Pioneer that develops – "p art i e s," "m 0 vie s," or should we confine ourselves exclu- can be used by us as we plan a Chris- "t h rill s," "selfishness," "laziness," sively to evangelistic effort? tian solution in crossing these "open "service," "faith," "industry," etc., frontiers"? treating the large capital "I" in the Can the needs of village or town be same way; or two cards about 8×10 better met by a community church List the qualities or characteristics may be prepared with lower case "i" than a variety of denominational or- of Jesus which you think would be on one and the capital on the other, ganizations? needed by the Christian youth of to- two speakers giving the talk so that day who would enlist in this crusade? one may handle the undesirable and A study of "cooperatives." the other the desirable qualities. In- (The word "pioneer" is used several stead of being written at the time, as American Christianity and a mech- times in Moffatt's translation of the meIttioned previously, the words might anized civilization. New Testament. See Acts 3: 14 and be prepared beforehand and circled Heb. 12: 2.) with red as discussed. Capitalism and Christianity.

Cooperation vs. competition.

The new Home Mission Frontiers.

WHAT ARE THE NEEDS OF HUMANITY? Speaker says the letter "i" repre- Sample Programs This study is to guide young people sents you and me-small and insig- nificant as we feel sometimes, so that The study of frontiers is a in discovering the common needs of we think it makes no difference what particularly helpful one among humanity around the wo~ld and help we do or say. So we put this "i" into the problems of the day. Where "movies," "thrills," etc., and get so are they? What type of leader- them become aware of the human engrossed in putting it into "good ship do they demand? What times" that we forget to use it anysupport can we render from the values to which Christianity has given where else. So long as we do that, it home base? Suggestive program will remain small "i," for it will find captions might be: Trails across emphasis in dealing with the problems its way into "selfishness," "indiffer- Frontiers; Trail Breakers; A ence," etc., and even, perhaps, into Christian Guide for the New of the world's needs. Ask the ques- "unbelief." As none of us wish to re- Frontiers; Scouting for the main "i" all our lives, we must study Kingdom in the Homeland; tion of the topic and list replies on the to put the "i" into "service," "faith," Christianity at the Crossroads in "trustworthiness," "generosity," "kind- 1935; Rediscovering America. blackboard. Leader of the discussion ness," "stewardship," "worship" and This Department is indebted to similar activities, in the course of the Disciples' publications for then directs the group thinking to the which it will grow and become large. packets of literature furnishing (Draw large "I," or second person studies on Frontiers, for young conclusion that we all need about the comes forward with card.) people. Programs might well be built on the topics and subtopics same things, regardless of geography, Many "I's" have become great by of which the following are ex- being put into "frontiersmen" who go amples: race or color; that some races in our forth with faith in God and man to some worthwhile task. There are GUIDEPOSTS THAT POINT THE WAY own land would have their needs met many worthy frontiers. Let us dis- cuss some sponsored by the Church- Jesus Christ the Supreme Pioneer. if we as Christians shared with them the field· of missions. Modern Guideposts Dis reg a r d more fairly; that the nations of the Boundary Lines of Tradition or Race. (The ensuing portion of the pro- To the Frontier of Life Work. world would enjoy a different standard gram includes short talks by several To That of Racial Understanding. members who give sketches of pioneers To World Peace. of living if Christians set out with a in various fields, either of their own To Law Enforcement. denomination or the world at large- To Foreign Lands. determination to share as they have Whitman, Grenfell, John Mason Peck, Call to a Crusade to Cross and Pos- been blessed. ' William Carey, Adoniram Judson, sess Open Frontiers. etc.) The common needs: A good Chris- Some of us would like to substitute tian home; a sound body; a chance the letter "u" for "i" in "frontiers," but it does not work. We cannot turn for, an education; an opportunity to over our responsibility to others with- out halting progress. work; wholesome recreation; friends *** and neighbors; worship and fellow- ship in church. God has a plan for each of us and Institutions through which our needs are met: Home, school, library, church, park, places of entertainment, hospital, stores, banks.

What is expected of each individual if these institutions are to function and meet the needs of the people?

Each person should contribute by (a) Living and sharing as a good cit- izen, regardless of race or color; (b) Working and sharing by giving of the particular ability that is his in con- tributing to his fellow man.

Do your fundamental needs differ from those of others in your commu- nity? Your nation? The world?

OPEN FRONTIERS Why? it is our duty to make the most of the "Frontiers are not East or West, Compare the community in which talents and opportunities He gives us, North or South, but wherever a man you live with. those of mission fields knowing well that the frontiers He fronts a fact." (home or foreign) of which you have appoints for us to develop will enable A Survey of the Facts: studied. Think of the different races us to render a worthwhile service and in the U. S.-Negroes, Orientals, Mex- to find genuine happiness. We know Freedom of youth to make its plans icans, etc., and say whether they have that He will not fail to put the "I" and choose its life work. the privileges which you have. that is Himself into the word: "Thou Common attitude of white people As Christian youth, in what ways hast been faithful in little things, that of superiority to other races or can you carry out Christ's ideals as enter thou into the joy of thy Lord." BULLETIN OF The Council of Women for Home Missions ANNE SEESHOLTZ, EXECUTIVE SECRETARY, 105 EAST TWENTY-SECOND STREET, NEW YORK ~,===–===–=-======–=-===-===-====—====,~ WATCH AND PRAY before my mouth; Keep the door by Senorita Laura Jorquera of of my lips." Santiago, Chile. The theme is Recently, an exiled German "On Earth Peace, Goodwill To- Recently, Pope Pius XI led his ward Men." Senorita J orquera Christian leader answered the people in praying that the war writes: question, What can we do now makers in the world might be scattered. The implication of Close upon three thousand years for the German people? by say- such praying is that cooperation ago, a prophet of Israel laughed deing quietly – "Too late, too late, risively, saying: "They see visions of with God, our Heavenly Father, peace, and there is no peace" (Ezekiel for the practical help which in prayer and action would 13: 16). And his bitter words have hasten the day when, as Isaiah rung through the years, and are bewould have come if the allies of foretold-"justice shall dwell in ing constantly repeated in the same the last war had granted but a the wilderness; and righteous- derisive tones today. little armament and had pro- ness shall abide in the fruitful ceeded to disarm in their own field. And the work of righteous- All things to the contrary notwithcountries but a little. And now ness shall be peace; and the ef- standing, we believe in and we work fect of righteousness, quietness and we pray for the advent of peace I can only say 'w a t chand and confidence forever." And among the nations, for goodwill there shall be no more war! among men. Pray.''' The implications of his During Holy Week, the presi- "Watch and Pray" are that dents of the Federal Council of Does anyone ask if working friends will keep steadfast and the Churches of Christ in Amer- for peace is home missions? Annot curse another people; also, ica, the American Section of the swer: What price home missions that prayer may bring wisdom Universal Christian Council, the if the world goes to war? how best to help. Do we "watch World Alliance for Internaand pray" that our own national tional Friendship through the Study and Act Rightly leaders, especially in public affairs, be given wisdom? An Months and years have gone American Christian I e a d e r startled a group by praying for Churches, and the International into the study now offered in the Mr. Hitler that he should "look upon his own people with com- Missionary Council, sent out a new home mission study text passion, and thus find wisdom world-wide call to prayer for "Toward a Christian America," for the next steps." Have we peace "To All Who Love Our by Hermann N. Morse. A discusprayed for Hitler? "Lord we believe. Help thou our unbelief." Lord Jesus Christ." Written at sion outline to be used in con- A communication dated March a time when "the spectre of war nection with the study of "To- 28, 1935, from the Woman's Disarmament Committee of Inter- again haunts the world" and ward a Christian America" has llational Organizations wit h when "today the world for which been prepared by Kenneth Dexheadquarters in Geneva, Switzerland, sent an appeal to the Jesus Christ died seems ready to ter Miller, pastor of the Presbywomen of the entire world "to remain calm in the face of the crucify Him afresh," the appeal· terian Church, Madison, N. J. complications and anxieties of the present hour." It begs them urges upon all Christians to Determined effort to bridge any not to circulate alarming and unsubstantial reports, but on the pray for peace in every public chasms existing among the contrary, never forgetting the interdependence of nations, to service, and in their homes; also young, the somewhat older, and keep intact their faith in the ideal of international coopera- that "in our own lives we so older church members is back tion. Do we "circulate alarming and unsubstantial reports" and truly have the spirit of peace of the other texts – "Christian so add to the general disorder? With the Psalmist, may we pray that we can be co-workers with Youth in Action" by Frank W. now, "Set a watch, 0 Jehovah, God in building a peaceful Herriott, and "What Will You world." Do About It?" by Frank W. Her- The next World Day of riott and Sue Weddell.

Prayer for Missions sponsored Will you also seriously con- by the Committee on Women's sider if last year's study of "Th~ Work of the Foreign Missions Oriental in American Life" has Conference, and the Council of changed prevalent attitudes to- Women for Home Missions will ward Japanese, Filipinos, and be on the first Friday in Lent, Chinese? Are our hom e s, February 28, 1936. The pro- churches, and communities gram for 1936 has been prepared changed because we studied?

[304 ]

BULLETIN OF THE COUNCIL OF WOMEN FOR HOM;E MISSIONS

God forbid that it could have into Christian ways of life, and He applied to the agency for such a job. There were no jobs just then. been only a passing show! true American citizenship. He wanted to be kept busy, he would The Lost Generation of At a recent meeting of the In- do some painting anyway if the dian Committee of the Home agency would furnish the paint. The agency had no paint to furnish. Joe American Indian Youth Missions Councils this question hung around the reservation. Futility, was discussed. It was sug- boredom, the ridicule of the old people The lost generation of Indian gested that missionaries among -well, drinking helped to get through Americans is the present one. the Indians should be supplied the day. Joe started to drink, first Here and there are bright areas with good books on anthropol- once in a while, then whenever he where Indian boys and girls are could get some one to pay for it, or having the opportunities to "life, ogy, as for instance "The Amer- get an odd job for enough to buy a liberty, and the pursuit of hap- ican Indian" by Clark Wissler; drink. piness," but over and around the few bright areas are storm "The Indians of Today," by Schools and communities clouds of suspicion, animosities, George Bird Grinnell; "The where a staff of Religious Eduheated arguments, and the de- Story of the American Indian," cation Directors is now being struction of life processes by the maintained by the Indian Compersons and groups who should by Paul Radin. "Facing the Fu- mittee of the Home Missions ture in Indian Missions" by Mer- Councils: riam and Hinman, and the lat- ter's study, "Indian Americans instead give life energy to con- and Christian Missions" are still Albuquerque and Santa Fe, New Mexico. Number of students enrolled: structive measures. Even church available. "Indians at Work," Albuquerque, 690; Santa Fe, 487. groups during the storm have issued by the Office of Indian Flandreau, South Dakota. Students, given less and less Christian Affairs, is available on request 450. leadership and money for reli- from the Department of Interior, Haskell Institute, Lawrence, Kan- gious education work among In- Washington, D. C. Sas. Students, 675.

dian students. They have grown In the present liquor situation Lac du Flambeau, Wi s con sin. weary in well-doing or they too in the U. S. A., Christian citizens Largely community work where pupils are in public schools. argue about matters which living near Indian neighbors can Salem Indian School, Chemawa, should be secondary to the reli- be of service in preventing ex- Oregon. Students, 300. gious training of these potential Sherman Institute, Riverside, Calileaders of a minority group of ploitation of "the lost genera- fornia. Students, 658. tion." Merriam in "Facing the American citizens. Future in Indian Missions" The educational policy of the From the March number of p(}i,nts out that originally Indians Government is concerned with Indian Truth, published by the were not distillers of liquor. "An building up family-and-commu- Indian Rights Association, the Indian with a little money is a nity life for Indian people. The good customer for the illegal dis- seven schools in which the staff following is ~uoted : is at work will continue. Sev- eral other large high schools When the Wheeler-Howard bill be- penser.. . Prohibition has came a law June 18, 1934, it author- brought a new set of problems. have asked for religious educa- ized .appropriation of $12,500,000 al- Ever since 1802 the Federal Gov- tion directors. The opportunity though not one penny was actually ernment has attempted to con- for mission enterprises of a made available. community type, such as at Lac trol the sale of liquor to ward The Budget estimates as submitted Indians . . . the bootlegger du Flambeau, is increasing. to Congress carried the following items for operating the Wheeler- takes advantage of open coun- Howard Act: Revolving Credit Fund try." And the people are de- With more cooperation of church $5,000,000 or one-half the amount authorized; .for land acquisitions $1,000,~ stroyed! g r 0 ups and individuals, the OOO-<me-haif. of the aut h 0 r i zed One of the directors on the Home Missions Councils are amount; for student educational loans staff of the Home Missions Coun- ready to serve more adequately $175,000c-which is $75;000 below the cils wrote recently: the Indian youth of today. authorization; and for expenSe. of tribal organizations, $250,000 -the Joe comes from a reservation in Bright Areas original authorization. South Dakota. South Dakota is mostly As Congress specifically authorized farming country. In times of drouth Young Indian Wedding: "Not certain appropriations to carry out the there are no .crops. When there are no provisions of the act, it would seem to crops there are no fobs, and no money. long ago a couple of our fine be in duty bound to at least accept the From Joe's home to the nearest well young people expressed their de- budget estimates; otherwise any fail-' of water was a walk of over a mile. sire to be married. Both were ure to secure the results expected can-. :.Joe's father and mother did not care graduates from the Sherman Innot be charged against theadminis:,J' ·much any more. Joe went away to a dian Institute. The young man trative officers. ;' . . . r 'vocational school. Painting seemed to fit him best, and he was good at it. is employed at the Institute on One controversial mat t e r Not particularly gifted as a leader, the farm. As they wanted a Joe was. nevertheless cooperative and quiet wedding we were delighted which limits advance in religious community minded. The staff de- pended' on his support in student ac- to have them choose our home work is the advantages and dis- tivities. Then at his graduation, Joe for the occasion. advantages of recognizing the' went back to the reservation. If ever best in the old' Indian culture a place needed paint it was Joe's own "On the morning of the chosen and customs and using these best home. But the old people grinned. day the bride brought arm loads where was the money to buy paint? elements as bases for growth of wildflowers to decorate the

fireplace. Red candles- were College where they have been Hitherto the Commission on Interplaced on the mantle in accord- students for two years, living at ance with their wish. Lovely racial Cooperation has taken no posisprays of apricot blossoms com- Sherman Institute and earning tion relative to federal anti-lynching their board and room by render- legislation. We were agreed that the primary responsibility for the preven- pleted the decorations. ing twelve hours' work each tion and punishment of lynching rested upon state officials and courts, week. and that, in the last analysis, public Both girls are making very opinion was largely the determining good records in their studies be- factor. Consequently, the Commission from its inception has worked contin- ing on the honor roll. They are uously along these lines, seeking anti- planning to become teachers of lynching legislation in a number of states, urging vigorous preventive measures when lynchings were threat- ened, asking effective court action ,.Ilgainst the members of mobs, and at the same time seeking through all possible avenues of publicity and edu- cation to build up a public opinion that would no longer tolerate crimes of this character.

Lynching records of the last fifteen years indicate progress along the line of prevention. Officers generally are more vigilant than formerly in the protection of prisoners, thereby re- ducing the lynching toll. Meantime intelligent public opinion is practically unanimous in condemnation of mob "By eight o'clock in the eve- violence. On the contrary, with rare excep- ning a few close friends and be- tions, attempts at prosecution in lynch- ing cases continue to be futile. In loved teachers had arrived. The nearly every case the community hyssoft light of the candles and the teria which gives rise to a lynching open fire shed a mellow welcome. makes impossible any effective court "As the music began, the EUNICE LYNN action against the perpetrators of the bride, dressed in blue, and wear- crime. Consequently, in not one case ing a bouquet of violets, came in ten is an effective effort made by quietly in on the arm of the tall the authorities to identify and proseyoung groom. As the age-old cute the members of lynching mobs.

service proceeded the look of Home Economics. Both have Even in the rare cases in which such earnest reverence on their faces been active in the Christian efforts have been made indictments was indeed beautiful. And as work at Sherman, being Church have seldom been obtained, and conthey knelt in the firelight for the School teachers and leaders in victions have usually proved impos- various activities. closing blessing a prayer as- sible. ACT AGAINST LYNCHING Disappointed by this record of imcended from each of our hearts that they might be kept for many potence on the part of state and local officials, the Commission has reluchappy years of usefulness." tantly been forced to the conclusion that little is to be expected from this Eunice Lynn and Viola Meroney are both graduates with Of great interest not only to source, at least in the immediate fuhonor from Sherman Institute, those church groups and indi- ture, and that an appeal to the feda Government Indian Trade viduals who have endorsed a fed- eral courts in such cases is justified school. Both girls graduate this eral anti-lynching law but also and demanded by the conditions. spring from the Riverside Junior to those who have hesitated to do so is the following statement, The Commission favors, therefore, which comes from the Commis- the enactment of federal legislation sion on Interracial Cooperation, to this end, in the hope that federal agents and courts would be in better position to act fearlessly and effec- tively in the prosecution of partici- , Atlanta, Ga. This organization pants in the crime of lynching.

represents thoughtful and con- During the months since J an- scientious men and women, uarY,when the Costigan-Wagner white and Negro, from the four- Anti-Lynching Bill was intro- teen Southern states. Its mem- duced, multitudes of church peo- bership is composed largely of ple throughout the country have church leaders and educators gone on record in its favor. The whose wide knowledge of condi- Department of Race Relations of tions makes any statement is- the Federal Council of Churches sued by them of unusual signifi- has acted as a clearing house for cance. This statement which the denominations in respect to was given to the press and sent this measure, keeping church immediately to all the Southern leaders in touch with its prog- VIOLA MERONEY senators, is as follows: ress.

AMERICA Student Beliefs dispensaries, schools

community houses, Sunday A "City of God" Dr. William Lowe Bryan, schools, churches. President of Indiana University "St. Augustine was not the since 1900 and a consecrated Fifty-two colleges, twelve thelast to dream of a 'City of God,' " Christian leader, has had in- ological seminaries and fortysays a writer in the Presbyte- scribed in the lobby of the new eight universities are among the rian Tribune. The new mayor Union Building the following in- centers of work of the Board of of Vancouver, B. C., ran on a scription: Christian Education. It aids the platform of Christian reform educational work of 9,000 and during the campaign daily The University regards the Universe churches and Sunday schools, attended special prayer services Within whose infinity have emerged and maintains sixty-five Presbyconducted by the First Century terian ministers for work among Christian Fellowship. His first Order-Life-Mai, 50,000 Presbyterian students in public act as mayor was to pro- .Aristotle, Galileo, Shakespeare, universities. It gives financial claim a Day of Prayer, and help to students, recruits new closed the proclamation with the Lincoln, Jesus Christ. ministers and missionaries, eduprayer that He who had once cates the Church in money-raisgiven a vision of the Holy City A questionnaire has been cir- ing and in social progress, stim- "will grant us a vision of our culated at the University, the ulates and develops worship and city, fair as she might be; a city result of which is given in per- work in the local churches, and of justice, where none shall prey centages of students answering: every year publishes millions of on others; a city of plenty, copies of Sunday school lessons where vice and poverty shall Do you believe in God? 96 and illustrated weekly papers. cease to fester; a city of broth- per cent yes; 3 per cent no; 1 erhood and happy homes, where per cent doubtful. The proposed merger would all success shall be founded on bring the boards and agencies of service and honor given to noble- Do you believe in Jesus the Presbyterian Church down ness alone; a city of peace, Christ? 93 yes; 5 and 2. to three; twenty years ago there where order shall not rest on were seventeen. force, but on the love of all for Do you believe Jesus to be dithe city in which they dwell." vine? Answers, 80, 5 and 5. New Homestead Project Important Centenaries Do you attend church? An- Two hundred families on re- swers 89, 8 and 7. lief are to be transplanted to the Matanuska Valley in Alaska. Do you believe in prayer? An- swers 89, 9 and 2.

-Presbyterian Banner.

Consolidation Proposed A project for uniting two or- ganizations with assets of $47,- The present year marks the 000,000 and annual expenditures They have been tentatively secentenary of a number of im- lected from those who from exportant missionary develop- of more than $5,500,000 will be ments in the Protestant Episco- one of the questions to be perience and habits are best fitpal Church-among them: decided by the annual General ted to lead the rigorous life of pioneers in a northern climate. The reorganization of the Domestic Assembly of the Presbyterian They will live in tent cities durand Foreign Missionary Society and Church in the U. S. A., opening the formation of the Board of Mis- at Cincinnati May 23. The two ing the summer while the govsions, superseded in 1919 by the pres- ernment is building log houses ent National Council. bodies to be merged are the and clearing the woods. The Board of Christian Education, The departure of our first mission- and the Board of National Mis- settlers will take with them all aries for China. their household belongings; and sions. tractors and other essential The appointment of our first mis- More than 60 languages are farming equipment, together sionaries to Liberia. used by the 3,900 workers of the with live-stock, will be trans- The inauguration of the Spirit of Board of National Missions. ported to the site of the rehabili- Missions. They conduct 7,000 activities, The year 1935 also marks the trom Alaska to Cuba and Puer- tation project. Each family, un- 150th anniversary of the first to Rico; among mountaineers, migrants, Negroes, industrial der the FERA will be assigned a General Convention held in Phil- groups, Orientals, Indians, Eski- tract of 40 acres of improved adelphia September 27, to October 7, 1785. mo and Spanish-speaking Amer- land and a house. The site is icans. They operate hospitals, 125 miles north of the port of -The Living Church. Seward, on the Alaska railway.

[ 307]

It is estimated that this valley Only eleven groups contain more Mission Exhibit Dividends of 128,000 acres will accommo- than a thousand adherents, the remaining 383 having only a A recent mission exhibit in date 850 additional families on Ottawa disproves the idea that the basis of 40 acre tracts. dozen or two. These minor sects grow at the expense of the larger such methods have had their Since the Presbyterian Church ones, and multiply most rapidly day. The younger Episcopal in the U. S. A. has accepted re- when the parent group becomes sponsibility for this area, it is clergy of the diocese of Ottawa spiritually weak. sponsored this display. Work prepared to care for the reli- -Christian Advocate. gious welfare of these new com- among Canadian Indians, the munities. Rev. B. J. Bingle, Eskimo, and work in China, Jawho has carried on an itinerant extension work in the Matanus- New York's Indians pan, India and Palestine was . represented. Missionaries were ka Valley and is familiar with the conditions, has offered his The Cattaraugus Indian Res- present and gave frequent adservices to the Board for a min- dresses, telling about the work in ervation, some thirty miles from istry to the new families, and he Buffalo, is approximately twelve which they Were engaged. The will be on the ground ready to miles long and five miles wide. building was crowded every aftwelcome them. Arrangements ernoon and evening during the It has a population of 1,500 Senare being made to erect a house eca and Cayuga Indians. The week. After paying all expenses of worship as soon as a suitable Thomas Indian School at Irosite has been designated. a substantial balance was left quois, which is state supported, over to be devoted to the mis- has an enrollment of more than sionary work of the church. 225 orphan and needy children -The Living Church.

To Relieve Tension from the six reservations in the LATIN AMERICA state. A bus service takes 40 Senator Thomas, of Utah, has Indian boys and girls to the New Objectives in Mexico High School at Gowando. a plan, not yet proposed as a Baptist, Presbyterian and In March a conference of edu- definite measure, that there be Methodist Episcopal churches cational leaders and Board Sec- an interchange of American and have united in a program of retaries was convened in Coy- ministry to these Indians, in- oacan, Mexico, to study the Japanese students on a large scale. As Senator Thomas points cluding home visitation, daily whole educational problem in the vacation Bible schools, young light of shifting conditions. A out, students have been coming from the Far East for a number people's conferences, week-day new line of advance was suggest- religious training, social activi- ed and a new policy formulated, of years, but comparatively few Americans. have been studying ties, welfare work and related involving social centers and hos- in the Orient. He believes that enterprises. There are also a tels as substitutes for the tradi- the Japanese universities would Ladies' Aid, Red Cross Society tional evangelical. qay school, provide excellent opportunities and Girl Scout organizations. now made practically obsolete for graduate work. Ten thou- There is a fine relationship be- under the new legislation; in- sand exchange students could be tween the Indians and their tensive promotion of Christian financed for the price of a single education in the, home and the battleship. . white neighbors. -The Christian Advocate. church, and the preparation and -Presbyterian Tribune. pUblication of abundant and ade- The Multitude of Sects "The People's Friend" quate Christian literature. Lay leadership training, parent In a' recent newspaper an- For over twenty' years the training and more literature in nouncement of Sunday services above announcement has ap- the homes were recognized as in New York, Hindu cults out- peared on the bulletin board of foremost needs. numbered Methodist services ad- the San Antonio Mexican Chris- -World Sunday School News. vertised. It is believed that for tian Institute. There are now every religious group which advertises in the press, there are approximately forty' thousand Disaster Turned to Account ten which meet in private, in hotels, halls and apartments. Mexican people, either immi- This is the case not only in New grants or families of Mexican In Mazatlan, Mexico, the Mex- York, but in Chicago, San Fran- extraction, living in the Insti- ican Congregational pastor was cisco and London. All this is in- tute's area. Through its clinic denied the right to preach bedicative of the present confusion and health service, about 100,000 cause the quota of clergy alin religious thinking. The speed people have been helped in these lowed to the state was already with which these cults come and twenty years. Home life has full. His church had been satisgo is most significant. Since been improved, living condi- fied with the regular routine of 1925 no less than 214 new reli- tions have been transformed; public worship, with hardly any gious sects have arisen in Ham- every activity is impregnated interest in social service activiburg, Germany, and 123 of those with the Christian message and ties. This recent restriction sudthen existing have disappeared. ideal. The Institute has, indeed, denly waked up the congrega- tion, and in cooperation with the been "the people's friend." -World Call. pastor (acting as a layman) in

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

a program for social action, they when one considers the handicap children attracted many to are serving the community more which some are under in not being church. Through the children effectively than when their priv- able to read English. There are so adults were won, and a virile ileges were intact. For church few books in Hindustani. One of the work grew up. Young converts services they have joined with men bought a copy of Tarbell's Sun- became keen evangelists and visthe Baptists, whose pastor has a day School Lessons at the beginning ited neighboring villages, in permit to officiate. of the year. I knew he could nO't read many of which groups of Chris- a word O'f English and asked him tians formed. Opposition is not -Missionary Herald. what he would do with it. He replied so open as it was twenty-five that he would have his little boy read years ago, but petty persecution At Guatemala's National Fair it to him each day. During the year is persistent. Thousands of peo- ple are tired of Rome, and un- Guatemala's annual fair in some have come to us from Hinduism, fortunately many of them have November, 1934, gave a splendid turned to atheism, socialism or opportunity to present the Bible and are giving good account of them- spiritualism. to the people. This fair is at- selves. tended by open-minded people -The Christian. who accept everything that is -United Chur,ch Record. offered in a friendly spirit. A EUROPE booth was secured in a good loca- Brazil ForWard Movement tion, expenses were provided lo- Religious Film Society cally, missionaries cooperated A committee to carry out a with enthusiasm. There was also two-year program of spiritual A new organization in Great an Indian helper who had had development along the lines of Britain called "Guilds of Light" experience in bookstand work. the Forward Movement was ap- acts as advisory body to all He had his daughter with him, pointed at the 37th annual Coun- Christian agencies anxious to exin Indian costume. She had cil of Southern Brazil. Statis- periment in the use of the movbeen taught to play the organ. tical reports show gratifying in- ing picture for Christian ends. This in itself drew many people creases in the number of public It has founded the Religious to listen, as it is unusual that an services, in the total number of Film Society, whose work is Indian woman should do any- communicants, in the number of thing but grind corn, do the pupils in the day schools, and 1. The collection of all possible incooking and care for the chil- also a slight increase in total re- formation likely to be of value to anydren. ceipts in Brazilian currency. one desirO'us of experimenting with Many bought copies of the A committee appointed a year the film as a Christian implement. Bible or Testaments; portions ago to study the question of selfand hundreds of Gospel tracts support had reported the follow- 2. The stocking, exhibiting and hirwere given out to all classes of ing recommendations: ing of the types of projector and other people. Cultured business men apparatus most likely to be satisfacstood in astonishment, listening 1. That the self-supporting parish- tory in the hands of the amateur exto words of wisdom from the lips es maintain their contributiO'ns made hibitor. of the Indian brother, or from up to' the present time for the supa plain-looking student. The sale port of the clergy; 3. The production frO'm time to of Bibles was larger than for time as funds permitted, of specially many years. 2. That the congregations nO't yet written films which would be avail- self-supporting increase their contri- able on easy terms to all members of -Bible Society Record. butions toward the supPO'rt of the the Society. clergy accO'rding to a sliding scale. High Standards in Trinidad The scale includes every missiO'n in Two of the Society's films have the district; already been exhibited, "Master- Rev~ D. R. Macintosh, a work- ship" and Inasmuch" ; while er for the United Church in Can- 3. That each parish in additiO'n to' "David Livingstone" is being ada, writes from Princetown, these contributions pay the 7~ per prepared. Trinidad: cent due the Pension Fund; -Religious Tract Society. I was surprised to find the work of 4. That in every parish, cO'ngregathe church in Trinidad so well or- tion O'r missiO'n, there be created and Paris Three-Day "Mission" ganized, and am much impressed with intensified the spirit of general coopthe high standards of the schools. eratiO'n in the wO'rk O'f the Church, In the Latin Quarter of Paris Our mission schools stand high in and that the members be taught to' a three-day "mission" in Jangrading among the schools of the col- contribute liberally toward the sup- uary attracted large numbers of ony, in agricultural work they come PO'rt of the clergy as a means nO't listeners. The speakers-Charles first. One of the schools in this field only of hastening the independence of Westphal, W. A. Visser 't Hooft, holds the record, having taken first the Church but also of stabilizing its Pierre Maury-presented three place for the third year in succession establishment in Brazil. subjects: Existence de Jesusin 1933. Christ; Humanite de Jesus- -The Living Church. Christ; Devinite de Jesus-Christ. I never cease to wonder at the fit- Students in the Latin Quarter ness of 50' many O'f O'ur native preach- The Argentine Field have come to expect the missions ers for their work. They have surely of the French Student Christian made the most O'f the O'Pportunities Facts about the work in Ar- Movement which have been held gentina were brought out at the each winter for three years. The annual meeting of the Evangel- meetings were attended by in- ical Union of South America, held in London. An account was given of the establishment of a church in a small inland town, where first results were 'very meager, but the work of a Bible teacher at open-air services for

creasing numbers during the long history I know no single AFRICA three days – a heterogeneous moment that approaches the New Film Project group of foreign students, Stu- present in its terrible serious- dent Christian Movement mem- ness." What promises to be a valu- bers, communists and many Ro- He concludes his article with man Catholics. All participated able film project is to be under- in the discussions. Perhaps the the following words: "We dare greatest lesson which the organ- not expect too much from men. taken in Africa by the Depart- izers of the mission have learned There is only one thing that we is that students are eager to find can do and that is, to appeal to ment of Social and Industrial out about the central truths of all our friends in all the world the Christian faith, and that to pray to God with us. He can Research and Counsel of the In- therefore it is much less neces- help. He has proved this often. sary than generally is believed to He can turn his severest extrem- ternational Missionary Council. spend large amounts of time and ity of German missions into energy on the preliminary or in- blessing. Therefore let us pray. It IS proposed to establish an extroductory subjects, to which in The danger has reached its peak. previous missions a rather con- Let all help that can!" perimental film-producing studio siderable amount of attention had been given. The missionary societies of at Vuguri, Tanganyika Terri- Germany are joined in a general lntercollegian and association known as the Ger- tory, where both instructional Far Horizons. man Evangelical Missionary Diet. In 524 stations they have and recreational films, based on In Old Castile 1,586 European workers, and 10,951 paid helpers. They care African life, with African ac- Valladolid, at one time the for 1,225,792 native Christians capital of Spain and famous in and 67,000 inquirers. They con- tors, will be made. . These films history as the place where Fer- duct 3,982 grade schools and 109 dinand and Isabella were mar- higher schools with 250,000 pu- will then be exhibited to native ried, Columbus died in poverty, pils. They maintain 31 hospitals and Phillip II was born, is now with 37 physicians. audiences over a wide area in a city of about 100,000. Rev. F. H. Grey was given permission to Protestant Movement in Northern Rhodesia, Nyasaland, hold an eight-day mission in this center of Spain's Reformation, Austria Kenya and Tanganyika. The obwhere many perished in the Inquisition. He writes in the It is reported from the Bureau ject of the scheme is to find out Latin American Evangelist: of Interchurch Aid, Edinburgh, that about 80,000 Austrians are how the African can be helped We had sought to prepare the preparing to leave Catholicism, ground by special prayer and the dis- in addition to the 22,000 who by means of the film to adapt tribution of 4,000 invitations, this lat- have already joined Protestant ter being zealously taken up by the churches. This is in the face of himself to the new ideas, morals, young men of the congregation. From many handicaps. A Roman Caththe beginning we felt conscious of the olic has twice as much opportu- customs and laws, according to power and working of the Holy Spir- nity for employment as a Prot- which his life has more and more to be ordered; and to introduce him to the best of these before his morals and his tastes are corrupted by less desirable films.

The whole project will be worked with the close cooperation of missionary, anthropological and government specialists, and will, it is hoped, prove to be of great value to all who are working for the welfare of the native in Af- i rica.

The scheme, which will re': quire from 18 months to two years to complete, has been made possible by a grant from the Carnegie Foundation.

it in our midst. Notwithstanding the estant and has no church tax to Changes in Seventy Years political unrest and fear as to the pay. Protestant churches are future which followed in the wake of the Revolution, the attendance at the self-supporting. The movement, Seventy years ago in what is meetings was very good, and the results were a real spiritual uplift for which was at first from all class- now the Diocese of the Niger, es of urban population, is now where Bishop Crowther began the believers, quite a number of souls spreading out in the country work, there were no churches or brought under the sound of the Word, some for the first time, and deeply im- among the farmers. It was pe- schools. To become a Christian pressed, and, finally, some led to a nalized by Dollfus and still is. then was to face the risk of persaving knowledge of the Lord Jesus Christ. Those leaving the Church of secution, even martyrdom. To- Rome are ordered to be medi- day, as the result of C. M. S.

Present State of German cally examined as to their sanity. work in the diocese, there are Missions Ministers have been fined for 1,285 churches and 620 schools writing about Protestant opinion with an enrolment of 33,000 p.u- Prof. Martin Schlunk of Tii- of history or even for explaining pils. Scores of towns and vilbingen says in· an introductory Protestant doctrine. When giv- lages are still unevangelized, and article in the Neue Allg. Mis- ing religious instruction to con- wherever new openings are sionszeitschrift concerning the verts they are put under police made there is a ready response condition of the German mis- supervision. Yet the movement to the Gospel. In the Nsukka sions, "German missions are in mounts ever higher. district, where pioneer work be- the utmost peril and in their -Sunday-School Times. gan only some six years ago,

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

there are now forty-five church- stage of development, the prom- and the American Board. Aces with an average attendance cordingly, a joint visit was made on Sunday of 4,000 people, and inence is given to subjects con- in November by representatives the life of the district is being of the two societies, and of the changed. In the Nupe district nected with home building. At Syrian Church. The deputation of Northern Nigeria, which has was impressed with the urgent been a hard and somewhat bar- the L. M. S. School in Tiger need, but reported one encourren field, the past year has wit- aging piece of work. At Kamnessed a record number of bap- Kloof girls have the choice of ishli a church building has been tisms (fifty in all) and also the erected largely as a result of the ordination of Mr. D. T. Sheshi, a four distinct courses: teacher efforts of the local community. native of Bida. He was the first This church was dedicated while convert from Islam through the t r a i n i n g; secondary school; the deputation was present, in a work of the C. M. S. in this area. service conducted in four lan- spinning and weaving; indus- guages, Armenian, Turkish, Ar- -The Life of Faith. abic and Syriac. trial, comprising domestic sci- Chieftain Finds the Way Syrian is becoming more and ence and needlework. Each more conscious of the needs of Sekulu Malenga was a chief- the rural areas. Village welfare tain who had an important part course requires three years' projects were conducted during in the development of the Ga- the summer by the American langue Mission as teacher and study. Personal and community University of Beirut and the adviser of the missionaries in Junior College for Women; but things relating to the country, hygiene are emphasized through- as yet not much has been done language and tribal customs. to meet the religious and evan- He died not long ago at the age out the course. One of the chief gelistic needs of rural areas. of ninety-seven, and just before The Presbyterian Mission is his death he said to the mission- needs of the African girl is to studying the problem, with a ary, Mr. McDowell: view to making it one of its aims know how to use her leisure in the future. I am an old man. I have held my children's children's children. I am wisely. When she leaves school -Near East Christian now tired. In myoId age I have Council News. been blessed: with new friends and and goes back to her home there acquaintances, principally the Lord Palestine's Mission to Jews Jesus, the child of the Great Chief. are often hours a day when she I go to Him and to my fathers with The Church Mission to Jews ill-will toward no man. My going is is left to her own devices. "Way- in Palestine lays the chief emno mystery. Rid of this tired body phasis upon follow-up work with and face to face with my Saviour and faring" (Native Girl Guides) is the individuals who seem of in the presence of the great Elders of most promise. The work of one the people, from Sekulu, Moses and one of the ways that Tige:r: Kloof individual with those who are Joshua on down to the present time, really seeking the truth is held I hope to be able to think more clear- is trying to meet this need. The to be of more permanent value ly and help to a larger degree my than the crowded program of a friends and children. industrial girl with her knowl- large staff of workers. The hos- pital in Jerusalem attracts a Sekulu became a Christian edge of crafts is an invaluable large ilUmber of Jews, and there about seven years ago. At that are vast opportunities for reachtime he held a large audience help in "Wayfarer" work in dis- ing the whole Jewish population. spellbound with the story of his The mission center is on the outsearch for life. He ended with tant places. For eighteen years skirts of Tel-Aviv, with its purethis statement: ly Jewish population – about about six Christ – consecrated 85,000. There are many indi- Today I join the caravan of a vidual Jews and J ewesses living great Leader, and I trust Him to girls pass out of the school each in Tel-Aviv who are definitely lead me to a just settlement of all seekers after truth, and some problems. The little that I have al- year. -The Chronicle. who are very open to Christian ready heard and understood of His influence. The task of the misway of life gives me enough to make Afrikaans Bible Sales sionary is to find them out and a start, and no caravan leader ex- to keep in touch with them. plains the whole trip at its beginning. Although it is only a year For these many years I sought after since the Bible was translated A new development is recordsomething, I knew not what. Now into Afrikaans, over 250,000 ed among Jews in Bagdad. An I have found it. copies have been sold in South ordained Hebrew Christian has Africa. As many as 10,000 Bi- gone there in the dual capacity -Missionary Herald. bles were bought in a single week. About 2'50,000 other peo- Girls at Tiger Kloof ple of the erstwhile Dark Con- tinent will be benefited when the Higher education for African translation of the whole Bible girls is, as yet, the privilege of into Bavenda is completed. For the very few. In their present the last fourteen years the Ba- venda, a tribe of northern Trans- vaal, have had to be content with the Psalms and New Testament.

-The Christian Advocate.

WESTERN ASIA Syria's Needs In recent years, new commu- nities have sprung up rapidly in northeastern Syria. These are very inadequately occupied in the missionary sense. At a meet- ing of the United Missionary Council of Syria and Palestine in Beirut, it was urged that this territory be made a field for united effort, especially on the part of the Presbyterian Mission

of pastor to an Arabic-speaking said: "Perhaps you would like to expense until its industrial pro- Christian congregation, and mis- know why I am a Christian?" They duction justified it. Dakhina, sionary to the 80,000 Jews living signif}.ed yes, and I said: "First of quick to grasp this principle, in there. He has a difficult piece of all, of course, I was born into a Chris- spite of his priestly caste, depioneer work to tackle, which tian home. But while still a boy I cided to learn the dignity of will make a heavy demand on knew little about Christ until I start- manual work. He also learned his patience, pluck and tact. ed to read the Gospels myself. Then the wonders of God's grace, and I discovered that Jesus Himself said, now prays that in spite of Hindu -Near East Christian 'I am the Bread of Life: I am the wife and relatives he will be bold Council News. Living Water. I am the Light of the enough in his belief in the Lord world. I am the Way, the Truth and Jesus as his Saviour, to testify Persia Now "Iran" the Life. I am the Resurrection and to it through baptism. Other the Life.''' Certainly they would Hindus hav~ followed, some have Another change in geograph- agree that no man could live without been baptized. ical names went into effect these things. To this they nodded March 22d, when Persia became assent, and I said further that since From various missions and officially known as Iran – its I had found Jesus as Saviour and distant parts of India, many Inorginal name. It links its people Lord, there had been peace and joy dian Christian young men, of racially and historically with the and satisfaction in my life. There ages varying from 17 to 25, and ancient Aryans. This is merely followed long dissertations from va- often outcaste from industry or an instance of nationalistic sen- rious ones, some of which I did not dependent on missions, were setiment, as by no means all Per- fully understand. They were attempt- lected as students. Many have sians are Aryans. Out of 10,- ing to show that all the prophets be- learned not only to be self-sup- 000;000 people fully 3,000,000 came in reality all that Jesus claimed porting but, being grounded in are nomads of uncertain racial as to the way, the truth, water, life, the Word by means of the threeorIgm. Hundreds of thousands etc. They said that of course there year systematic Bible course, of Jews live here. Many other were some things that they did not and in prayerful dependence on people are of distant Mongolian believe about Jesus, for instance that God, have started out to become origin. Nobody knows definitely He died and was raised again from "Young Pauls." Some have whence came the nearly 1,000,- the dead. I replied: "Of course, saved their earnings and set up 000 wild mountain tribes known every book m.ust bear its own witness. small work shops in their own as Kurds. But by whatever We Christians believe Jesus did rise districts. -Life of Faith.· name it is called, its missionary from. the dead because of the witness needs remain unchanged. Of its of the Gospels and the Apostle Paul." Week of Evangelism 10,000,000 people less than 65,- I told them what the Apostle Paul 000 are Christians. The only wrote in 1 Corinthians 15. Then I Christian forces in Mid-India agencies at work are the Amer- said, "But not alone from this wit- united in a week of evangelism ican missionary societies of the ness do we believe Jesus arose and March 11-18. "Every member a Lutheran, Presbyterian and Sev- is living. We have the witness of our witness for the Lord Jesus" was enth Day Adventists, and the own hearts, and the experience of the the ideal kept in mind. English Church Missionary So- Holy Spirit, and His love and peace. ciety. The entire Protestant For these reasons we believe that He Methods suggested by the Rev. membership is less. than 4,000, arose from the dead and is living." G. H. Singh, Honorary Director with 2,000 of them Presbyteri- I had carried with me a copy of each of Church-Centered Evangelism ans. The ~omanCatholics have of the Gospels, one of Acts, and a for Mid-India, included the folmore than 60,000 communicants. copy of the Psalms. I said to them, lowing:- "I have some copies of the Engil with -Missions. me. Perhaps you would like to see 1. Christians testify, teach and them and have them." They signified work among their own relatives. With Afghan Mull~hs yes, and I drew them..from my pock- et. The musktihid raised them in both 2. Efforts be confined to a single Rev. J. Mark Irwin of Meshed hands to his forehead, and then sat group or caste. describes an opportunity which there holding them with a show of came to him on a recent visit to great reverence. Soon they were in 3. Use of newly-prepared drama on Afghanistan. He asked permis- the hands of the others and they were life of Venkaya, famous robber chief sion of the governor for a visit all looking at them, and reading them of South India, available from Miswith the leading Mohammedan as the conversation continued. sion Press, Jubbulpore, for 2 annas. ecclesiastics. The governor cordially arranged this. Mr. Irwin INDIA AND BURMA 4. Prayer, undergirding the work writes in the Presbyterian: every step of the way. Industry and Evangelism At ten o'clock we were taken to the 5. Thorough preparation prior to government headquarters, and there Ten years ago Edwin Law- March 11. seated around a great table were rence, a young engineer who some ten or more mullahs, with the 6. Work continued for 12 months chief of Foreign Affairs and several held an appointment in India, of the year, fostered by a special comother men. At first I drew a deep mittee appointed at next meeting of breath and thought, 'Now what shall was led to found a new type of the Church Council. I say?" After formal greetings, I service which he named the "In- -The Indian Witness.. dia Industrial Mission," and lo- cated in a vacant mission prop- Floating Hospitals for Bathers erty at Cossipore, Calcutta. The first to join the Mission was a Hindus of India every 27 Brahman, who came looking for years observe a religious festi- on office position, but learned val, of which one feature is a that India sorely needed produc- pilgrimage to the sacred Ganges tion workers, and that this Mis- sion had no funds for overhead

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

River for a ceremonial bath of crisis has brought it about, that and methods of thought. About much work has already had to a dozen native Christians joined puri'fication. The year 1935 be given up even in the Danish the missionary and rendered val- Mission, which has had less to uable service. brought a recurrence of the fes- suffer than others. The other festival was at tival, which took place on Feb- Sangli Ohurch Life Courtallam, where thousands of pilgrims gather to bathe in the ruary 3d. More than 750,000 Sangli, in the Krishna River large waterfall. The people, valley, is the center of many however, were very indifferent, pilgrims invaded Calcutta, tax- enterprises. Willingdon Col- and many said, "Your religion lege, with its 350 students, two is not for us." ing its over-night lodging facili- boys' high schools, a newly- founded girls' high school and -The Christian. ties to the utmost. All along the many primary schools make it an educational and cultural Outcaste Wins a Brahman 1,500 miles of river millions of center. Through the American Presbyterian Industrial and Mr. Pickett, author of Mass others gathered for the same Agricultural School which dates Movements in India, tells this from 1884, Sangli is a pioneer incident: purpose so that the British Gov- in village uplift and rural recon- struction. Within 20 years it . While touring in South India I ernment was gravely concerned has become a center of light for talked with an educated Christian depressed classes. To pursue all Telegu, formerly a Brahman, and over possible epidemics in Cal- these lines of service, the station asked him how he came to accept force last year numbered fifty; Christianity. He replied: "Because cutta from the influx of throngs one ordained and four unor- of a most marvelous personality dained viII age evangelists, whom I met." He went on to tell of pilgrims. Floating hospitals thirty-one teachers, five Bible- how he had been traveling with a women, two colporteurs and gentleman, an Indian, whose convercarrying large quantities of dis- seven missionaries. Within that sation and manner were so cultured year the Central Church has and interesting that he had spent infectants circulated among the been able not only to meet every with him three of the most deligl;ttful obligation, including the pastor's hours of his life. He asked this acbathers. -Missions. salary, but to open a free library quaintance on the train what caste on the Mission compound, to buy he came from. He could hardly cred- Tamil Missions instruments for the singing it his statement that he had been an band, and to supply fuel and oil outcaste. The first speaker said he The veteran missionary of to 30 students attending the five- could not get away from this fact, the Danish Missionary Society, day Bible Institute which was and in the end bought a New Testa- Knud Heiberg, reports in the sponsored and financed entirely ment and studied it. He said the Dansk Missionsblad that condi- by the Sangli Church, with some mystery was explained, "I understood tions in South India are becom- help from the village churches. the power that could transform a life, ing more and more difficult for The Mission had no responsi- and I too accepted Christ as my Savmany of the older missions. The bility except friendly coopera- iour. I hunted up my friend of the Americans have been compelled tion on the part of the mission- train and asked him to baptize me." to retrench increasingly and the aries in Sangli. The Women's German missions are in a pitiful Society is a going concern. It -World Call. state since the German Govern- maintains five Bible classes. ment is preventing the sending Mass Marriage of Infants out of monies. He says that -Western India Notes. what makes the matter all the Their childish eyes bewildered more difficult, is that those in PTeaching at Festivals and their bare feet chafing the India can not obtain clear an- grass, 374 infant couples were swers from their country or Two Brethren missionaries married March 31 in North their boards on the real condi- have recently preached the Gos- Bombay Presidency. It was the tions. pel at two large heathen festi- largest mass child marriage cer- vals. The first was held near emony held in India in many The Tamil Evangelical Luther- Christianpettah, where the god years. Some brides and bridean Church has given almost all worshiped is supposed to be an grooms were mere infants in its workers notice of dismissal incarnation of Krishna. Mostly arms; some were small children. by May 31, and the conditions low-caste people worship at this Many babies, too small to walk, will doubtless force the German temple. The evangelists had to slept in the arms of their elders. missionaries to give up their put up with plenty of noise and Others gurgled happily at the fields of work, unless a change smoke, but they learned a great booming of gun salutes which comes before that time. One deal more of the native customs were a part of the ceremony. German mission which he knows Young bridegrooms arrived in was in this predicament-in decorated bullock carts and were January it received an amount carried before the priests. Many of 80 rupees, while its budget were not old enough to have required more than 3,000 month- even an inkling of what was takly. ing place. All the tiny couples There are some who have great ideas of having the Indian Church continue the work without the help of the older churches. But the time has by no means arrived, and even if there are parts of the work which the Indian Church can undertake in places where the branches have taken deeper roots, the present

then united in a feast, in which Christianity. The prevailing at- tives and backers of one's own the parents joined. titude of the vast bulk of Chi- clique. nese is complete indifference. -New York Times. Among the more educated class- -China Weekly Review. es Christianity is viewed as a Meet the Missionary! foreign importation, an alien, Effective Bravery cultural invasion. There is the Rev. C. E. Chaney, field secre- Communistic attitude which de- Dangiong, Fukien, is in a distary for the Baptist Mission in clares Christianity to be a form trict much troubled by bandits, Burma, after a tour in the Chin of economic imperialism and who make frequent raids on any Hills district, writes in the which condemns it, as it does all unguarded place, burning, loot- Watchman-Examiner: religio"n, as a deadly drug. The ing and killing. As the bandits typical attitude of the young had shown a certain degree of On arrival at Haka various ones Chinese today is that of the ag- respect for the Christian church came to meet us and shake hands nostic or secularist. and its workers, Christians in with us. One was a blind Christian Dangiong sent their valuables to who had heard of the visiting mis- -The Churchman. the church for safety. The sionary and had walked 100 miles bandits heard of this, and choosjust to shake hands. Two preachers The Best Governed Province ing a time when they knew the walked 25 miles to meet the visitor Bible woman was alone at the from the south. One evening I saw In a recent survey of condi- church house, they planned a the shadow of a man on the veranda. tions in China, Dr. Sherwood raid. The Bible woman, suspect- He was slipping away. I called my Eddy reports that of all the ing their intentions, had already companion's attention to him and provinces he visited Szechuen is persuaded the Christians to rewent to speak to him. He had walked the richest but worst governed, move their belongings. Then over 30 miles, and had, unknown to while Kwangsi is the poorest but she put a notice on the church us, been waiting a long time to see the best governed. Here the door saying: "If you want to the visitors. He was too timid to work of Dr. James Yen and the come and search the church, intrude. During the past 35 years National Economic Council was knock and I will open the doors. great changes have taken place in almost complete operation. Don't break down the doors." among the Chins. Every school is in process of de- The second night that she was veloping into a community cen- alone the bandits came, shouting It was my privilege to meet the and battering the doors. She first Chin convert, baptized in 1905, ter, is designed to include the quickly opened them and asked who is now a pastor in the hills. whole community in a scheme of the men not to destroy the There are fully 3,000 baptized Chris- practical education, which aims church, for there was nothing of tians, and nearly 500 came into the material value there. Quietly church this past year. at the reconstruction of all life. talking, she made the bandits But while Dr. Yen's work is quiet. They searched the place, CHINA deeply important and hopeful, and finding nothing, withdrew without a single exception his quietly; the brave woman then Christianity in Last Decade projects are being opposed open- fastened the doors and praised ly or secretly by the beneficiaries the Lord. -C. M. S. Outlook. Prof. James T. Addison of the of the old order, especially the old officials, fighting to keep Gospel Bands in Fukien Episcopal Theological School, their own selfish profit, privilege and prestige. Special meetings in Fukien Cambridge, believes that while Province led to the formation of Dr. Eddy suggested to Gen- 120 gospel bands. These volun- Christianity in China suffered a eral Chiang Kai-shek that China teer teams have won large num- needed not only new men but a bers to the Kingdom. Rev. Leonsetback during the Nationalist new system beginning with a ard Christian tells the story of fivefold program. 1. To have two members of a team. They Movement of 1925-1928, it really only a few laws but enforce were working in a suburb and in them; to protect the peasants each of four instances when they benefited by the trials of those from extortionate taxation; and had brought persons to the point to adequately pay officials so of becoming learners, a man years. A winnowing of weaker they will have no excuse for with much influence there undid squeezing, as in the efficient cus- all their work and turned people and half-hearted members took toms service. 2. To budget, against them. Praying for guid- audit and publish all accounts. ance, they were led to go in perplace and the gl-eat majority who 3. To promptly and surely pun- son to this man and explain the ish. all offenders. 4. To reward Gospel. Taking literature and remained loyal were strength- the honest and efficient. 5. Equal hymns and all the courage they impartial justice to all, without possessed, they came away raened in their faith. The Nation- protecting or promoting unwor- diant, for the man, and his son thy officials or incompetent relaalist Movement served to accel- erate a movement towards fur- ther placing of responsibility for the Chinese Church upon native shoulders and towards develop- ing a trul.y indigenous Christianity. .

The other salient feature in history of Christianity in China during the last 10 years has been the efforts towards union among mission bodies. One-third of the Protestant communicants now belong to the Church of Christ in China.

Dr. Addison names four distinct attitudes apparent towards

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

also, enrolled themselves as Most of these have gone back to the past year Rev. Song Sang learners before the afternoon their villages and started some- Suk has been giving one half his was over. thing-a Sunday school, a Bible time to special temperance work.

-Missionary Herald. Class, a Reading Circle, a Rec- Last June he staged and man- reational Center or a Better- aged a great temperance parade JAPAN Farming Lecture Course. in Pyengyang City where 5,000 "Golden Castle" School These Peasant Gospel Schools, people marched with banners however, have only touched the and flags through the city and some tens of thousands of sheet This (Southern) Presbyterian fringe of the problem. tracts were given out. He has school opened in Nagoya with made a point of urging that oraonly three students. To the gen- -Intercollegian and torical contests and essay writeral public it was just an insig- Far Horizons. ing contests on temperance be nificant part of the Jesus reli- held in all schools of higher gion. Forty-six years have Kyoto Episcopal Mission grade; out of this an interest passed and today it stands with has developed among students. complete internal organization In a crowded section of Kyoto, and full external recognition, a Strenuous ProgTams Girls' Junior College. where most of the people are en- gaged in silk weaving, the Epis- With an expenditure of $30 At present there are about twelve students of Chosen Chris- 1500 graduates of the school. copal Church maintains a center tian College were sent out to six These are scattered as far as of work, both through the spok- of Korea's 13 provinces, two Korea and Manchuria, and even men to each, during the summer to America and England. Among en word and through practical of 1934. These men visited 17 them are wives helping their help given to the everyday life different places and did work in husbands, mothers bringing up 29 separate churches from 10 to their children, consecrated evan- of the people. Its small and in- 24 days at a place, a total of 105 gelists of the Gospel of Christ expensive building is wholly in- days, which made the work cost teachers in kindergartens and about 30 cents per day. In these girls schools, employees in banks sufficient for the need. The meetings they taught a total of and business houses. All of them church is always crowded. A 10,201 children in the day time; are adding to the school's repute. kindergarten, night school, boys' and preached to a total of 22,881 Of those originally connected persons in the evenings. The with the school, only an old fir and girls' clubs, a reading room program was intended to include tree remains. It was planted by the teaching of language, arith- Mrs. Randolph, the founder. and a summer camp for 50 chil- metic, geography, singing, story dren are some of the activities. telling and Bible, to boys and -Presbyterian Survey. girls in the day time, and a pop- Japanese doctors and nurses ular night meeting for adults. Rural Advances In most cases, the men, ashamed carryon a clinic, and if you to let down the reputation of the In spite of rapid industrializa- college or to admit their own intion, 47% of Japan's population should happen to be in the ability, worked in the wee hours is still rural. One of the most of the night and attempted to significant accomplishments of church when Dr. Fujino, a ves- oblige these eager, expectant the Kingdom of God Movement folk. The men of the village has been its pioneering in this tryman in Kyoto, arrives to be- gathered in their room after the field. It adopted the strategy of evening services to talk until trying to capture the nation's al- gin the clinic, you will see him midnight and the children were most 12,000 villages by evangel- knocking on their doors by dayizing and training potential vil- first of all kneel at the altar to light the next morning eager to lage lay leaders. One hundred begin the day's work. short – term Peasant G 0 s pel ask God's blessing on what he Schools have been held in twen- has come to do. . -Korean Mission Field. ty-five prefectures, either under the direct auspices of the move- Much of the cost of this work ment or with its assistance. Each is supplied by a group of fifty Japanese patrons, each of whom contributes the equivalent of $15 American currency a year.

-The Living Church.

Temperance Movement in Korea All Christian churches of Ko- rea are temperance organiza- tions. No one having anything to do with liquor as maker, sell- er, distributor' or user can be a member of any of cthheurcchhuwrcohreks~ but until recently of these schools has gathered ers have been so busy winning ISLANDS OF THE PACIFIC some twenty or twenty-five believers and creating their young men and women from as churches that they have not felt Jubilee in Papua many villages and given them a that they had the time or energy Sixty years ago, on November week or ten days of intensive to give to temperance work for 21, 1875, William G. Lawes, with training for Christian leadership nonbelievers. The W. C. T. U. his wife and small son, landed in in their respective villages. Over has been at work for years, but Port Moresby, New Guinea, the 2,000 rural young people have it was felt there should be a man first Europeans to make a home been enrolled in these schools. to lead in this movement. For in that savage land. They came

in the John Williams as mission- over 300 is now over 3,000, with Common Faith, a religion with God aries of the London Missionary 900 adherents and more than left out, advocated in a college which Society. Now a strong Papuan 1,500 baptized children under was once a Puritan stronghold. church has been built up and twelve years of age. The school over 500 Papuan boys and girls of 33 boys has grown into 38 3. The resistance of seven thousand attend the Christian day school. schools with over 1,800 children, German evangelical pastors to Hitler's Today Port Moresby is the res- of whom about 1,600 are Chris- edicts. They declared: "Obedience to idence of the British Governor tians, and from a staff of two the present church government is dis- General and airplanes fly over teachers, there are now 91, all obedience to God." the land that was formerly only of whom are Christians. traversed on foot through dense 4. German Catholics making com- jungles while war canoes plied -Malaysia Message. mon cause with German Protestants the bays and rivers. in defense of their faith.

Early Days in Borneo 5. The activity of the National Con- ference of Jews and Christians in the Just after the B()xer uprising United States. when 16,000 Christians became Hurricane in Cook Islands 6. Declarations by thousands of martyrs, a Christian Methodist '. Protestant ministers against a cruel of Foochow, a man of wealth competitive economic 0 r d e rand and education, decided to do as Raratonga, Cook Is., is asso- against war. the Pilgrim Fathers and seek a land of religious freedom. He ciated with John Williams and 7. A r(!emphasis of the importance found many willing to go, but his feat of building the Messen- of personal religion. where was the land? Like Abra- ger of Peace with no previous 8. The religious literature of 1934 ham he set out, not across the plains, but into the South Seas, shipbuilding knowledge and no shows a tendency away from the de- not knowing where he went. structive criticism which has long When he arrived in Singapore, ordinary shipbuilding materials been prevalent and toward a spiritual he was directed to Sarawak as or tools. Just as the London harmony. the land best suited for such an undertaking, where Raja Brooke Missionary Society was rejoic- owned 36,000,000 acres of good land. Here he met the Rajah, ing in a report of encouraging World Convention of C. E. who not only liked the scheme, but willingly gave land and mon- work done there, and plans for The ninth quadrennial World ey to charter a boat to bring the further improvement, a hurri- Convention of Christian En- colonists over. Then he returned deavor will be held in Budapest to China to get his men, and out cane brought crushing disaster. in August – postponed for one of the crowd he picked about The full extent of the damage is year because of conditions in five hundred men and twenty not yet known. The Mission Europe. The program will give . women, mostly Methodists, and equal recognition to three lan- put them on his chartered boat, House is far enough from the guages – Hungarian, German but sailing away from friends and English-and the speakers and home filled many with fear, sea to have escaped complete de- and conference leaders will be and they put in at Hong Kong. struction. The New Zealand chosen from every part of the It happened that Bishop Warne Government, which has the man- world. Budapest has been a was there on his way to Manila. strong center of Christian En- When he heard of this boatload date, will do all it can in relief deavor for many years. of Methodists on their way to measures, but cannot be expect- Borneo, he went to visit them, and when he saw how fearful ed to rebuild churches and hous- they were, he said, "Don't be es. Friends of the L. M. S. have afraid; I will go with you." He stayed ten days with them, or- subscribed £150, but much more ganized a church, and from this will be 'needed. band has grown a Christian community of more than 10,000. -The Chronicle. BapustS.S.Growth The small clearing in the jungle is now more than 200,000 acres MISCELLANEOUS At the close of 1934 the num- of cultivated land; five little ber of Baptist Sunday school chapels have developed into 46 Epochal Religious Events appointments; a membership of scholars throughout the world The only secular newspaper was advanced by nearly 1,200,- summary of the events of 1934 000. This includes an increase which touched the field of reli- of over a million in the Negro gion appeared in the Boston Transcript. Other pap e r s National Baptist Convention. printed necrologies, chronicles Dr. J. H. Rushbrooke attributes of disaster and crime, but none this large increase in Negro attempted to evaluate the trends scholars to the adoption of in religion except Dr. Dieffen- b:'tch who, in the Transcript, stricter statistical methods, since smgled out several religious a round figure of 1,500,000 pre- events which in his opinion are viously reported is replaced by a as epochal as those which very precise 2,588,834. There is marked the transition from the Middle Ages to modern times. a decrease of approximately Briefly they are: 11,000 in Europe, and this is ex- plained by the fall in Britan. 1. The admission of Russia, an atheist state, to the League of Na- Other continents show little tions. change, with the exception of South America, where last year's 2. John Dewey's Yale lectures, A total of 40,213 has increased to 45,250.

-Watchman-Examiner.

~'=~_ _ _ _—-"""""""~~='"

1 OUf Missionary Bookshelf I Books Briefly Reviewed for the Readers' Information I i(i*,,======——-==-=—-==–=======–=-=====~~ , Good Books on Home Missions* tier in relation to its significance We Must March. Honore WiIlsie in church history and its influ- Morrow. William Morrow Co. $2.00. Prepared by the Office of Educa- ence in bringing into being the New York. tion and Publicity Board of distinctive characteristics of National Missions, Presby- American Christianity. Authentic narrative of Narcis- terian Church, U. S. A. sa Whitman, the first white Religious Backgrounds of American woman to cross the Rocky Moun- What do we ask of a reading Culture. Thomas C. Hale. 1930. tains, and the part she and her list? That it shall add to our Little, Brown & Co., Boston. $3.00. husband played in the early hisbody of information? That it tory of Oregon. shall illumine our study with the The author traces the course story of the lives of those whose of religious history from the How Marcus Whitman Saved Orecompulsion was and is: Woe is time of the English "dissenters," gon. Oliver W. Nixon. 1895. Star me, if I preach not the gospel? through the period of dissent in Publishing Co., Chicago. Out of That it shall provoke to a fur- New England and Virginia, print. ther study of the aspects of need, down to the present-day phases underlying problems, and recog- of religious interest. A biography of Marcus Whitnized trends to which a single man, with the interesting incivolume can serve only as an in- FRONTIERSMEN OF THE CHURCH dents of life among the Indians troduction? Brief as it is, it is and an account of Whitman's hoped that the following list The Life and Labors of Bishop Hare. part in the opening of the Northmeets these requirements. M. A. DeWolfe Howe. National west. Council of the Episcopal Church. THE CANVASS $1.00. Francis Asbury, the Prophet of the Long Road. Ezra Squier Tipple. The Epic of America. James Trus- Interesting account of one of 1916. Abingdon Press, Methodist low Adams. Little, Brown & Co., the foremost leaders and cham- Book Concern. $2.00. Boston. $2.50. Reprint 1934. p~ons of the Indians, the first Episcopal missionary bishop to Organizer, founder of schools, Narrative account of the go into South Dakota to labor and "faithful shepherd." growth of America, told through among the Dakotas. In his thirthe story of the most momen- ty-seven years of service he es- Vanguard of the Caravans. Coe tous episodes and the biogra- tablished church policies with Hayne. 1931. Judson Press, Philphies of outstanding leaders in relation to Indians which are adelphia. $1.00. their relation to the panorama still being carried out. of American life. Life story of John Mason Peter Cartwright: Pioneer. Helen Peck, Baptist missionary on the SPIRES AND STEEPLES Hardie Grant. 1931. Abingdon Illinois frontier who preceded Press, New York. $2.00. the covered wagon caravan The Religious Foundations of Amer- across the Mississippi River in ica. Charles L. Thompson. 1928. Life of a "great Methodist and 1817. Fleming H. Revell Co., New York. a great man," a pioneer prairie $1.50. preacher responsible for keeping Jason Lee: Prophet of the New Ore- slavery out of Illinois and "hero gon. Cornelius J. Brossman. 1932. Story of the religious elements of many a picturesque affair in Macmillan Co., New York. $3.00. which like the members of dif- the early days of the state." ferent races have entered into Romantic, authentic story of the making of America with an Sheldon Jackson. Robert Laird Ste- the work of the first missionary account of their influence on the wart. 1908. Fleming H. Revell to enter the Oregon country. He national life. Co., New York. founded the first permanent American settlement although CHURCH AND NATION Biography of an outstanding other attempts had been made pioneer worker, a "foreign mis- without satisfactory result. The Frontier Spirit in American sionary" to the Choctaws, a pio- Christianity. Peter A. Mode. 1923. neer in western frontier service, Mary and I: Forty Years with the Macmillan Co., New York. $1.75. best known for his sacrificial de- Sioux. Stephen R. Riggs. 1887. votion to missions in Alaska. Congregational Sunday School and Study of the American fron- Publishing Society. Out of print.

* Suggested Reading List in "Toward a Fascinating account of the toils and sacrifices, joys and re- Christian America," by Hermann N. Morse. wards of a pioneer missionary Any of the books noted in these columns. and now obtainable, will be sent by the REVIEW publishers on receipt of price.

[317 ]

family which began and carried of the working out of this prin- While our attitude toward the forward mission work among ciple. Oriental is still flexible he recthe Dakota Indians. ommends bending it toward hu- Roving with the Migrants. Adela J. man unity and Christlike under,. THE GEOGRAPHY OF HOME Ballard. 1931. Council of Women standing. for Home Missions and Missionary MISSIONS Education Movement, New York. EVANGELISM Paper,50c. Home Missions Today and Tomor- TUrn to your own denomina- row: A Review and Forecast. Ed- The challenge of the migrants tion for books and leaflets pre- ited by Hermann N. Morse. 1934. came to the author through senting the "pageant of the tri- Home Missions Council, New York. work with them. In this brief umph in Christ." Paper, 75c. book she points out the need of the migrants for love to God and SOCIAL RELATIONS This summation of an inten- the need of the church for love sive study made by the Home for man. .Religion Lends a Hand. James Missions Council is a valuable Myers. 1929. Harper Brothers, source and reference book on the The Machine Age in the Hills. Mal- New York. $1.50. definition, interpretation, analy- colm Ross. 1933. The Macmillan sis, outlook, and forecast of the Company, New York. $2.00. Religion as a helper in social home missions task. progress is the theme developed. This book sets forth the prob- Investigation of the institutions HOME MISSIONS, THE CHILD OF lems of the isolated mountaineer in the United States which apply who in recent years has been this ideal furnishes authorita- . THE TIMES drawn by the wheels of industry tive illustrations. into the hazards of mining life The Challenge of Change-What Is and communities. God and the Census. Robert N. Mc- Happening in Home Missions. John Lean. 1931. Council of Women Milton Moore. 1931. Council of International Relations for Home Missions and Missionary Women for Home Missions and Mis- Education Movement, New York. sionary Education Movement, New Why Wars Must Cease. A Sympo- Cloth, $1.00; paper, 60c. York. Paper, 25c. sium edited by Rose Young. 1935. The Macmillan Company, New Looking beyond the figures of The author presents a wider York. $1.00. the census, the author presents scope for home missions than is the forces which cannot be tabucommonly held and challenges Arguments against war are lated, the spiritual realities of the church to build according to forcefully set forth by ten writ- underprivileged groups. these specifications. ers nationally and international- ly prominent. These arguments In the Shadow of Liberty. By Ed- The Church in America. William batter down all defenses of war. ward Corsi. Macmillan Co., New Adams Brown. 1922. The Mac- York. $3.50. millan Company, New York. $3.00. Race Family and personal experi- From a wide experience and Brown America. Edwin R. Embree. ence appear to have shaped the varied contacts the author sum- 1932. The Viking Press, New York. heart and mind of Edward Corsi marizes the place and work of $2.50. -immigrant boy, settlement the church in our post-war na- worker, Commissioner of Immitional life. Here is a frank, unbiased gration, Director of the Home statement of the trials and tri- Relief of the City of New York CROSS CURRENTS umphs of the "new race," the in- -to a social outlook on life and termingling of black, white, and to a particularly human view- Industry yellow, which forms a tenth of point of Ellis Island. His career the population of the United has been profoundly influenced Christianity and Industry in America. States. by his father, Filippo Corsi of Alva W. Taylor. 1933. Friendship Abruzzi, Italy, who, because of Press, New York. Cloth, $1.00; The Jew and the World Ferment. his aggressive support of agra- paper, 60c. Basil Mathews. 1934. Friendship rian reform, was driven into ex- Press, New York. Cloth, $1.50; ile. Fortunately he was recalled Out of the conviction that our paper, 75c. by his election to the Italian pargreatest social and moral prob- liament-an office which he lems are industrial and that our The writer purposes to dis- never occupied for he was strickin d u s t ria I life has far out- cover how we should act toward en as he was about to give an stripped our moral and social the Jew whose prominence in impassioned response to the ovaadjustments is born this plea for the affairs of the nations as well tion of his fellow-townsmen. The practical Christianity. as in personal conflict is evidence young son was his father's com- that he is in the midst of the panion in exile, and was thrilled Protestant Churches and the Indus- world ferment. by his father's spectacular ca- trial Crisis. Edmund B. Chaffee. reer. 1933. The Macmillan Company, Orientals in American Life. Albeit New York. $2.00. W. Palmer. 1934. Friendship At ten years of age, with his Press, New York. Cloth, $1.00; mother, stepfather, brothers and Individual Christians and the paper, 60c. Church must face their relations to economic life, the writer con- The author shows his readers tends. Labor Temple in New what is behind the Oriental York City, which has been guid- mask-a likable, overwhelminged by Dr. Chaffee for twelve ly human Christian brother. years, serves as an illustration

OUR MISSION:ARY BOOKSHELF

sisters, Edward lalJded in New van through Ellis Island, until nomic conditions in America. work. Two emotions possessed arrested by the World War and By 1932 the outward movement him in turn. His wonder and finally brought to a standstill by of aliens exceeded the inflow. exhilaration prompted by his first view of the Statue of Lib- the Immigration Act of 1924, re- That America continued to be a erty and by the New York sky- flects the extraordinary opti- land of desire, however, is strik- line which, through the haze, he ingly and pathetically illustrated mistook for mountains, quickly mism of America. Mr. Corsi ana- gave way to fear when he over- lyzes the composition of the car- by the large numbers debarred heard his stepfather express avan-English, Dutch, French, because of quota restrictions or concern lest they be turned back Scotch-Irish and German-to because of surreptitious entry. at Ellis Island because of their Perhaps at no time in the his- limited cash. Fortunately for the middle of the nineteenth cen- tory of America has American Edward and for America this tury and then fresh accession to hysteria over immigration been fear was not well-founded for the number of Germans, Irish the Corsi family was included more unhappily illustrated than among the one and a quarter and British. But then the com- by the arrest, the examination million immigrants admitted to position of the caravan changed America in 1907. to Italians, Austrians, Hunga- and deportation of undesirable aliens. Speaking of this Amer- Referring to the next decisive riam'!, Jews, Slavs, Poles and ican mood after the World War Russians though the inflow of Mr. Corsi says "quickly the na- experience which came to him as Irish and Scandinavians contin- an immigrant lad, living in tional hatred turned from a de- wretched quarters on the lower ued in considerable numbers. feated Germany and lashed it- While opposition to immigra- east side of New York, Mr. Cor- self into a rage against all forms si says, tion sprang up from time to of radicalism and all sorts of radicals. Victor Berger, of Mil- Down the street on which I lived time, in the main Americans be- there was a little brownstone house, waukee, was a conservative so- which to many in the neighborhood lieved that America was the land cialist. Senator La Follette was seemed shrouded in mystery. It was of unlimited opportunity where a Republican Progressive. Fed- a settlement house, which some of our parents feared had been put there to any honest man could get a liv- eral Judge Landis of Chicago, in draw Italian children to the Protes- ing and where every clever man sentencing Berger to jail and tant faith . . . The day came, how- ever, when we decided to investigate could amass wealth. This confi- prison, said he regretted that he that house and find out for ourselves dence was not shaken until the what it was there for . . . I remem- world depression settled upon could not have him shot." It ber clearly the day I led my gang into was during these days that the that house of mystery . . . My admis- America like a blight. True cells at Ellis Island were packed. sion to the Home Garden, later Haar- America had imposed upon im- lem House, marked a decisive advance It was then that the "Soviet in my career . . . migrants restrictions designed Ark," the Steamship Buford, to safeguard public health, pub- was dispatched with 249 pris- My settlement contacts and expe- riences gave me a new understanding lic morals and to debar potential oners, all to be deposited in dead of American life and American ideals. paupers. Unfortunately these of winter at the Russian border. It was a new understanding, because regulations did not eliminate This was all a part of what Mr. until then such dreams as I had had "dumping" by foreign countries Louis F. Post, one-time Assistant of the land of promise were well-nigh shattered by the grim reality of what nor preclude the immigrants' use Secretary of Labor at Washing- I had been forced to undergo. Long ton, termed "The Deportations before my mother had gone back to of Canada as a half-way house. Italy both she and my stepfather had The first racial groups, as racial Delirium of Nineteen Hundred realized the futility of their adven- groups, to feel the restraining Twenty." Unfortunately as Mr. ture. America had failed to offer its Corsi came to know, the expres- pot of gold. It had offered instead of America were the Chinese suffering, privations, and defeat. and the Japanese. The Contract sion of this delirium did not end Labor Law became particularly in 1920 but found expression After graduation from Ford- difficult to enforce. Agitation during Mr. Corsi's term of serv-' ham College Mr. Corsi returned ice. Speaking of unknown de- to the Haarlem House as a full- over literacy tests, just before time social worker. While here, and after the World War, re- portees Mr. Corsi says, "I found one morning in 1931, Secretary that many of them were like men Doak of the Department of La- flected the new temper of Amer- condemned to die, praying and bor summoned him to Washing- ica towards immigration. But crying for last-minute reprieves . ton and President Hoover ap- this temper did not have full ex- -clinging to fraying threads of pointed him Commissioner of pression until 1921 when the Immigration at Ellis Island. first Quota Law, based upon the hope." The human interest in Mr. Edward Corsi presents Ellis census of 1910, was adopted. Island as a reflector of the ever- This was followed in 1924 with Corsi is dominant. He tells in changing American mood. The a more rigid Quota Law based considerable detail the' experien- steady march of the great cara- upon national origins with the ces of notable "guests" at Ellis census of 1890 as the base-line. Island both before and during This law clearly marks a change his official relationship with the in the American mind towards Island. He found some of these immigration. experiences humorous, others pathetic and others tragic. In From about 1928 the immigra- tion trend, or to keep to Mr. the first category is that of Migi Corsi's figure, the movement of the caravan, was checked by eco-

Cogic who was ordered deported Conformist. No Anglican needs The sociological expressions because of defective eyesight but a survey to define his parish. of religion are the goal of the the Government was compelled The pages devoted to "Minis- book which Mr. Fenner writes to hold Miji as its guest for the tering to Several Mission Sta- for the men of his own commun- full period of the war and during tions" should be read by all ion. There are excellent advices that time he plied a lucrative American rural Christians. His upon religious education, recre- discussion of lay readers might ation, and the rest of those distrade as tailor and barber.

Pathetic indeed is the story of well be translated into the Pres- ciplines upon which many men Paula Patton who was deemed byterian, Baptist, and Methodist have written well. There are to be mentally defective and languages. These denominations bibliographies for the socially therefore not admitted. Her indulge their members with minded to use in humanizing case shows political vacillation "once a month preaching." They their priestly manners. But to- of the authorities at Washington dilute the worship of God from day the rural saints are turning extending over a period from its Sunday holiness to a pale, to worship and to holiness, with 1914 to 1925 when she was lunar, shirt-sleeve langour. They order and maj esty as the goal of should learn of Mr. Fenner to their aspirations. The Anglican granted legal residence.

"Prince" Mike Romanoff was sanctify the Sabbath and to from whose Ember Days we a grotesque though not uninter- make the house of God holy- have rebuilt Rural Life Sunday esting figure. Repeatedly he ap- Sunday a day of worship. He can teach us about the social peared as an immigrant and re- would train a young man to read ministry of the priest in the day peatedly he was sent back. a sermon every Sunday and con- of joy, of fear, or of grief. A m 0 Ii g other distinguished duct a service of worship while The contribution of Mr. Fenguests were Mrs. Emmeline "the preacher is away at another Pankhurst, Emma Goldman and ner is the latest expression,· and charge." This abuse of little in many ways the best, of the Ignatius Timothy Trebitsch-Lin- churches, closed on a Sunday, denominational hand books for coIn "whom Scotland Yard re- the Church and Country Life when the minister is elsewhere, Movement. A generation ago ferred to as 'the most elusive constitutes one of the great abusman in the world' and whom es of American Christianity. men told me that the country church would be the clue to the United States Marshall James There used to be a Southern union of churches. On the con- M. Power characterized as 'just Methodist Bishop who shocked trary. Each denomination and each of the Christian associaan ordinary thief.' " his hearers with the statement Mr. Corsi's book is full of that "10,000 of our churches were closed last Sunday." He dramatic interest. It breathes with human sympathy and re- meant that their preachers were tions has had its own organiza- away. This "religion of the tions and its own handbooks in flects a fine social sense. CHARLES HATCH SEARS. moon" Mr. Fenner would con- the interest of its own rural units. They all do what Mr. vert by training lay readers. Fenner has done. They inter- The Episcopal Church in Town and The treatment of worship and pret the country church econom- Country. By Goodrich R. Fenner, of architecture are excellent, as ically and socially. I am amused of The National Council (Protes- to see the most conservative of tant Episcopal Church), New York one would expect, and the stand- City. 1935. ards of "church singing" are these churches advised to "make This excellent book begins un- properly high, for the Episcopal the farmer a better farmer." favorably for the non-Anglican, Church has regard "for the That was heresy, for which I as it makes so much of the priest beauty and majesty of the wor- was denounced twenty-two years and his "calling." Outside of ship that is ordered." the churches which have had The chief value of this book is ago. Now rural missions and governmental alliance, there is . in its presentation of the interest agricultural missions have gone small respect for the "divine of a church which sanctifies its all over the world and they have calling" of the pastor. Their re- houses of worship and keeps the highest approval, yet we stand today as denominational spect is for the calling of the them apart from secular use, as we were when Theodore sinner. But Mr: Fenner, subse- which sanctifies its ministers Roosevelt commanded us to proquently appeals to the pastor to and reminds them that they are mote better farming and better recognize his responsibility for priests of God. Mr. Fenner, living.

"making his people better farm- however, does not carry us as ers,"-"mental hygiene," "child far as he might, for he could The time seems to have come well have developed the Angli- for the different communions to training," "visiting the jail."

In his treatment of the "Par- can tradition in explaining the do what Mr. Fenner has in part ish Program" the author is holy offices of marriage and of done and for each to contribute· strong for surveys, organiza- the funeral service. In both of the great religious heritage it tions, publicity. He shows that these the rural pastors have has to the purely religious dehe is not only a priest but a man, much to learn from the Church velopment of the country church a brother, and an America,n; not which has a 'Prayer Book- in worship, in ceremonial, in merely an Anglican-he might great repository of religious sacrament, and in prayer.

even be accused of being a non- faith through the ages." WARREN H. WILSON.

Books Studies in the Gospel According

Matthew. E. Schuyler English. Daughter of Brahma. E. Elizabeth Once untl, ),011 would nt'lcr be ..,ilhout it. $1.75. 226 pp. Revell. New York. Vickland. 64 pp. Revell. New York. FEATURES: Introduction, by Professor George Shaw B.O South American Adventures. Alice Curtis Desmond. $2.50. 284 pp. Education in India in 1932-33. 118 The Lesson Vnu by Ynst, by Rev. David J. Fane, Jr Macmillan. New York. pp. British Library of Information. New York. Lmons from lilt WSD", by Rev Ira E. David, Ph.O Personal Items Siae Ligbls on the Leuo,,_ Selected from Many Authon The Flying Boat. Robert N. McLean. Tit, B~jnntrJ' C14n, by Eleanor M. Jonet and (Concluded from page 257.) 184 pp. $1.00. Friendship Press. New York. Martha L. Fesmire. man, New York City, was elected sec- retary. A Grand-Canyon of Resurrection Re- Tht Primllty Class. by Stella M. Rudy alities. Robert G. Lee. 172 pp. The Junior Clllff, by Addie Marie French. *** $1.00. Eerdmans. Grand Rapids, Mich. SuggeJlions for the Superintendent. by Rev. F L. Squires Dr. and Mrs. Jonathan Goforth, veteran missionaries of the Presby- The New Home. Capt. Reginald Send only 10e in . (or current issue. terian Church of Canada, have re- Wallis. 96 pp. 18. Pickering & turned home and were given a public Inglis. London. Modern Trends in World Religions. reception in Knox Presbyterian Edited by A. Eustace Haydon. 255 Church, Toronto. Dr. Goforth is now Report on the Bihar Earthquake and pp. $2.50. University of Chicago blind. on the Measures Taken in Conse- Press. London. quence Thereof up to Dec. 31, 1934. *** W. B. Brett. 100 pp. Government Race Relations: Adjustment of Printing Office. Bihar, India. Whites and Negroes in the United Dr. Frederick Douglass Patterson States. Willis D. Weatherhead and who was born in Washington, D. C., Statement Exhibiting the Moral and Charles S. Johnson. 590 pp. $3.20. thirty-four years ago, has been elected Material Progress and Condition Heath. London and New York. president of Tuskegee Institute, Ala- of India During 1932-33. S. F. bama, to succeed Dr. R. R. Moton, who Stewart. Map. 197 pp. 38. H. The Drama of the Eucharist. Stacy retired after twenty years of service. M. Stationery Office. London. Waddy. 107 pp. 28. 6d. cloth, 1>1 Dr. Patterson haSi been for seven paper. S. P. G. London. years head of the Agricultural De- Wisdom and Waste in the Punjab partment at Tuskegee. Village. M. L. Darling. 368 pp. A Desert Journal. Evangeline French, 128. 6d. Oxford University Press. Mildred Cable, Francesca French. *** London. 261 pp. $3. China Inland Mission. Germantown, Pa. Dr. J. H. Rushbrooke, General Sec- India Calling: The Memories of Cor- retary of the Baptist World Alliance nelia Sorabji. Cornelia Sorabji. Evolution Disproved. Wm. A. Wil- is spending two months in the United IlIus. 308 pp. 128. 6d. Nisbet. liams. 127 pp. $1.00. Wm. A. Wil- States, expecting to return to Eng- London. liams, Camden, N. J. land in July. His plans include ad- dresses at the Northern Baptist Con- Historical Lights of Liberia's Yester- Forerunners of a New Age. Basil vention in Colorado Springs. He is day and Today. Ernest J. Yancy. Mathews. 75 cents. 90 pp. I. M. C. making preliminary arrangements for $2.50. Aldine Pub. Co., Xenia, Ohio. New York. the Sixth Baptist World Congress which is to be held in Atlanta, Geor- Two Centuries of Student Christian Four Patterns of Revolution. Ethan gia in 1939. Movements. Clarence P. Shedd. Colton. 312 pp. $2.50. Associa- 466 pp. $3. Association Press. tion Press. New York. I If you use New York. In the Shadow of Liberty. Edward PRINTING The Modern Missionary. A study of Corsi. 321 pp. $3.50. Macmillan. the human factor in the missionary New York. YOU will profit from an ac- enterprise in the light of present- quaintanceship with us. We day conditions. C. Hoffman, A. G. The Jew and the World Ferment. do the job complete in our own Hogg, F. Mackenzie, S. Neill, R. Basil Mathews. $1.50. 186 pp. plant, whether it be large or Rees, M. Wrong, W. P. Young. Friendship Press. New York. small. Edited by J. H. Oldham. 128 pp. 18. 6d. Student Christian Move- Let Us Go Into the Next Town. While our specialty is Books, ment Press. London. George P. Pierson. $1. 93 pp. Magazines and Pamphlets, yet Revell. New York. we have a variety of modern The Japan Year Book, 1934. Map. equipment to meet all the re- 1,356 pp. $5. Foreign Affairs Men and Women of Far Horizons. quirements of your particular Assn., Tokyo. Jesse R. Wilson. $1. 214 pp. job. You will find our service Friendship Press. New York. prompt, careful and courteous. Hot-Hearted: Some Women Builders of the Chinese Church. F. I. Cod- The Niger Vision. R. S. Roseberry. Will you allow us to estimate rington. IlIus. 111 pp. 28. Church $1.50. 254 pp. Christian Pub., Inc. on your next printing? We be- of England Zenana Missionary So- Harrisburg, Pa. lieve you will be delighted with ciety. London. our product, price and service. Partners in the Expanding Church. Jesus Through Japanese Eyes: A A. L. Warnshuis and Esther Strong. The EVANGELICAL PRESS Study of the Daily Life of Jesus. 62 pp. 35 cents. International Mis- Toyohiko Kagawa. Trans. by H. F. sionary Council. New York. PrinteTS of Topping and M. Draper. 160 pp. The Missionary Review of tlu! WOTId 38. Lutterworth Press. London. Protestant Church as a Social Insti- tution. H. Paul Douglass and Ed- PLANT AND MAIN OFFICE Outline of Buddhism. C. H. S. mund de S. Bruner. 368 pp. $2.50. Third and Reily Streets HarrIsburg. Pa. Ward. 140 pp. 28. 6d. Epworth Harpers. New York. Press. London. Spirit of Modern France. Helen Hill. An Outline of Islam. C. R. North. 26 pp. 25 cents. Foreign Policy 127 pp. 28. 6d. Epworth Press. Assn. and World Peace Foundation. London. New York and Boston.

Toward the Sunrising. B. H. Bruner. A Student's Philosophy of Religion. $1.50. 280 pp. Cokesbury Press. Wm. Kelley Wright. $3. Macmil- Nashville, Tenn. lan. New York.

Illlportance of Latin

The Foreign Mission study topic for the coming year will be "Revealing Christ to Latin America." This will be the subject of a series of articles in our October number. These are being prepared by men and women of wide experience-Anglo-Saxons and Latin Americans.

A SPANISH AMERICAN FEAST Important Facts as to Twenty Republics ………………… .Mary W. Williams Unevangelized Areas of Latin America …….. " ……………… John Ritchie Religious Trends Among Spanish Americans ………………. .John A. Mackay The Indians of the South Lands ……………………….. .Joseph A. Davis The Conflict of Church and State ……………………… Chas. S. Detweiler Latin American Youth of Today ……………………….. G. Baez Camargo Educational Progress and Problems ……………………….. J. E. Moreland The Living Church of Latin America ……………………. Kenneth G. Grubb Union and Cooperation in Evangelical Work …………… Webster E. Browning The Next Steps in Mission Work …………………… . Ralph E. DitJendorfer Best Books on Latin America ………… '" ……………….. .S. G. Inman Order Your Copies NOW-For Study Circles and Conferences 25 Cents a Copy $2.50 a Year THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD ROBERT E. SPEER, President DELAVAN 1. PIERSON, Editor Send Your Order to MISSIONARY REVIEW PUBLISHING CO., INC., Third and Reily Streets, Harrisburg, Pa.

AGENTS WANTED H ERE are some titles of coming ar~ tides in THE REVIEW. Do not THE MISSIONARY REVIEW miss them: can be sold in quantities to every Missionary Society. It fur- Hitler and the Jews nishes information in brief, in- teresting form for leaders and Conrad Hoffmann, ]r. discussion groups. Why not act as our Agent in your church or On the Mosquito Coast community? You can advance Kenneth G. Grubb the cause of Foreign Missions, and at the same time can earn The Next Generation and Missions Robert E. Speer A Liberal Commission The Younger Men's Missionary Congress • Mills ]. Taylor Address-·-Circulation Manager Lost Condition of the Heathen The Missionary Review of the World Henry W. Frost Third and Reily Streets Harrisburg, Pa. A. A. Hyde•••A Good Steward Wm. M. Vories What Is a Faith Mission?

Robert Hall Glover 25 cents a copy $2.50 a year

The Missionary Review of the World — May 1935

1935

Studying Problems in Puerto Rico Charles S. Detweiler The Greatest Moslem Mission Field Samuel M. Zwemer How Can a Pastor Promote Missions? Victor G. Mills America's Last Stronghold of Paganism C. C. Brooks Religious Persecution in Poland T. Dowhaluk The Danger of Compromise Mrs. J. N. Anderson 25 Cents a Copy $2.50 a Year

to Remember Thomas M. Buley, 800 Rome Drive, Bishop Wang, the first Chinese

Los Angeles, Calif. be chosen a bishop of the Methodist Episcopal Church, has resigned be- May 2-5-Younger Men's Missionary Warren, Ohio. Last Tuesday and cause of ill health. Congress under the auspices of the Wednesday in September. Mrs. Laymen's Missionary Movement, . Geo. Konold, 314 Scott St., N. E., ** * Chicago. Warren, Ohio. Dr. Toyohiko Kagawa, at the invi- May 21-23-National Council of Fed- Winona, Indiana. June 26-July 2. tation of the National Missionary erated Church Women. Annual Mrs. Lulu C. Hunter, 1021 S. Elm- Council of Australia, arrived in Aus- Meeting. Rochester, N. Y. wood Ave., Oak Park, Ill. tralia in March, to address a series of meetings in all the eastern capitals May 22 – General Assembly United Personal Items and a number of country centres, be- Presbyterian Church, Akron, Ohio. ginning with Queensland and ending in New South Wales (May 14 to 17). May 23-General Assembly, Presby- Thereafter Dr. Kagawa is to go on to New Zealand. terian Church in the U. S. A., Cin- Mr. and Mrs. S. C. Frencham. of cinnati, Ohio. the China Inland Mission, who were *** reported captured in Shensi Province May 26-Rural Life Sunday. King Prajadhipok, the Siamese last February, have arrived safe and monarch now in England, abdicated May 30-General Assembly, Presby- well at Hancheng, Shensi. They were his throne in March because the Na- terian Church in the U. S., Mon- reported to have been murdered by tional Assembly refused to accept the treat, N. C. bandits, or Communists, at Ninkiang. King's conditions if he was to remain on the throne. Prince Ananda Mahi- June 9-15-Church Conference of So- Mr. Frencham is an Australian. The dol, the nine-year-old nephew or the cial Work, Montreal, Canada. missionaries were in Ninkiang when King, who is now at school in Lau- the town was occupied by Communists sanne, Switzerland, has been pro- June 20-25 – Northern Baptist Con- claimed successor to the throne. vention, Colorado Springs, Colorado. on February 6. When King Prajadhipok first threat- June 22-30 – Victorious Life Confer- ened to abdicate he proposed a num- ber of conditions which the Siamese ence. Keswick Grove, N. J. Miss Ruby Verne Thompson, of Assembly rejected. Nevada, Iowa, and Miss Alma Ruth Summer Conferences and Artibey. of Chicago, were reported to Dying of Famine in China Schools of Missions have left Fenghsien, a bandit-infested city. The two women are graduates of From Wuhu, China, comes the Afjil'iated with the Council of Women the Moody Bible Institute in Chicago. tragic word that three million inhab- for H01'ne l11issions and the C01n- itants of southern Anhwei Province, 111ittee on TVomen's Work of the ** scattered over an area of 6,000 square Foreign ""fissions Conference miles, are starving to death in the Rev. L. J. Shafer, President of W01'st famine this section of China DATES AND CHAIRMEN FOR 1935 Ferris Seminary, Yokohama, Japan, has expel'ienced recently. Y.:issional'Y Bethesda, Ohio. (Not yet decided.) has been called home to take up the workers sa,' that the death list al- work of promotion secretary in the ready is appalling and is growing day Miss Mary I. Scott, 310 Tomlinson Board of Foreign Missions of the Re- ;)y day. Ave., Moundsville, W. Va. formed Church in America. A succession of tragic events has Boulder, Colorado. Last week in June *** afflicted the district, starting with se- (not defi;lite). Program Chairman veo!'" political upheavals last Decem- -l1rs. Henry F. Hoffman. 741 Dr. Walter Ulmer of Dawson, Neb., ber and including the murder by ban- Adams St., Denver, Ct)lo. and Dr. C. C. Talbott of Gibbon, dits of the American missionaries, Mr. and :Mrs. John C. Stam, following Chautauqua, j'clU 1"ork. August 18- Neb., Evangelical Church Missionary the pillage of Tsingteh. 24. Institute (d World Missions, Society representatives, returned on Mrs. F. C. Heyrwlds, 309 Woodlawn foot March 10th to Tungjen, China, The famine is a result of the almost Road, Holand Park, Baltimore, Md., after five months as refugees in an unprecedented droughts which extend- area occupied by Communist armies. ed over virtually all China last sum- Chairman. They arrived with a Hunnanese pro- mer. Conditions in the southern sec- vincial military escort from Chang- tion of the province were described in Danos, Texas. (Not the N"egro School sha, Hunan. a letter from George Birch, China In- -last week in September.) Mrs. land Mission worker, in which he George J. Fix, 7041 Tokalon Drive, says: Dallas, Texas. Rev. Jacob Pelz has been appointed "A terrible famine engulfs us, con- Secretary of the International He- straining me to write you for aid. EagZcsmere, Pa. June 26-July 3. Cor.' brew-Christian Alliance to succeed Two-thirds of this area is without Sec.-Mrs. Edith C. Ashton, 1939 Rev. Harcourt Samuel, resigned. Mr. food and the remainder is approach- Grant Ave., Bustleton, Philadelphia, Pelz has been secretary of the North ing the same condition. Deaths are Pa. America Hebrew Christian Alliance. heavy.

Houston, Texas. October 28-Novem- *** "It is distressing to walk the streets ber 1 (not definite). Mrs. E. B. these days, with misery and death Mohle, 2309 Robinhood, Houston, Dr. Catherine L. Mabie has been everywhere. I hear such things as Texas. honored by the Belgian Government five of a family of seven starved to with La Croix de Chevalier de l'Ordre death. Women with babies, exhausted Lake Geneva, Wis. June 24-July 1. Royal du Li(nt. She is the first ap- and despairing, lay down to die. Mrs. Thomas A. Freeman, 5841 Kenmore Ave., Chicago, Ill. pointee of the Baptist Woman's Board "Children are being sold for one in the Belgian Congo to be thus Mexican dollar (about 40 cents), at Miml.esota (Minneapolis – St. Paul). recognized. one year of age. Sometime in September. Mrs. A. F. A'.lguster, 1536 Van Buren St., *** "Save the children is the big need, St. P~ul, Minn. which is possible for a few dollars Rt. Rev. Anthony Blacker Elliott each if only the funds are forthcom- !.It. Hermon, Califo1'1ti((. June 29- is to be an assistant to Bishop Azariah ing." July 6. Mrs. W. F. Angwin, 1836 of Dornakal, India. He is a graduate Clemens Road, Oakland, Calif. of the University of Dublin, went to India in 1913 and has been an asso- Mountain Lake Park, Maryland. ciate worker with Bishop Azariah for Probably July 31 or August 1. twenty years. Mrs. B. H. Sincell, 103 2d St., Oak- land, Md. *** N01'thfield, Massachusetts. July 5-13. Miss Margaret L. Marston, Na- Mrs. Virgil B. Sease, Parlin, N. J. tional Educational Secretary of the Episcopal Woman's Auxiliary, will Southern California (Los Angeles). make a goodwill tour of the foreign Last week in September. Mrs. fields where the Church has work.

indignation at such articles

THE MISSIONARY appeared in magazine in REVIEW OF THE WORLD February, entitled 'Missions and Bat- DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Editor tleships.' … I am looking forward to VOL. LVIII MAY, 1935 No.5 another year of enjoyment of the RE- Publication and Business Office– VIEW by myself and my family." Third and Reily Sts., Harrisburg, Pa. MRS. GEORGE B. KINGSTON. Editorial and Executive Office– Grand Rapids, Michigan. 156 Fifth Avenue, New York City. *** Entered as second-class matter at Post Office, Harrisburg, Pa., under THERE CAN'T BE TOO MANY Act of March 3, 1879. "How dear to our hearts: are the "To the Orient" 25 cents a copy-$2.50 a year. steady subscribers -in Chinese Foreign Postage, 50 cents a year. Published monthly, except August. Who promptly renew at the end of All rights reserved. Copyrighted 1935. each year; British agents – Marshall, Morgan and Scott, 12 Paternoster Buildings, Who send in their nameS and the London, E. C. 1 shilling per copy, money quite gladly, 10 shillings a year. Who cast round our sanctum a halo MISSIONARY REVIEW PUB- of cheer. LISHING CO., INC. They never say, 'Stop it, I cannot af- BOARD OF DIRECTORS ford it, ROBERT E. SPEER, President W'M. 1. CHAMBE,BLAIN, Vice-President I'm getting more magazines now WALTER McDOUGALL, Treasurer than I read.' DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Secretary But always say, 'Send it, our folks SAMUEL MCCREA CAVERT seem to like it, MRS. ORRIN R. JUDD WM. B. LIPPHABD We think it a help, and it meets a great need.' ERIC M. NORTH We inwardly bless them, we outward- JESSE R. W'ILSON ly thank them- A. L. W ARNSHUIS Those steady subscribers who write, 'Yes, indeed.''' SAMUEL M. ZWE'MER -Adapted from an Exchange.

Editorial Chat Fundamentally, depressions are the GOrAST result of decline in a spiritual life. LOOK OUT! LOOK AHEAD! Better times await a return to the TO THE ORIENT more worthwhile things….•.It is America is in a time of crisis. Ban- very important that everyone get be- 10 DAYS TO YOKOHAMA … fastest, dits, degrading literature, theaters and hind any movement to develop a deep- shortest Pacific crossing … by the social evils threaten our family life. er spiritual life in the nation." Empress of Asia or Empress of Infidelity and godless rationalism are IUtSsia. Or via Honolulu in 3 days undermining our churches. Corrup- ROGER BABSON. more on the Empress of Japan tion and materialism are hindering (the Pacific's largest, fastest liner) our industrial and national progress. II If you use or the Empress of Canada. Are we going toward destruction or is there a way out? PRINTING LOW ALL·YEAR ROUND·TRIP FARES. Outstanding First Clasl; The next issue of THE REVIEW will YOU will profit from an ac- comfortable Tourist Class; low-cost be devoted to a study of some of these quaintanceship with us. We Third Class. Still lower Summer topics — our special Home Mission do the job complete in our own round-trip fares to the Orient. Number. plant, whl;ther it be large or small. FREQUENT SAILlNGS … from Van- It will contain fifteen or more ar- couver ( trains to ship-side) and ticles by fifteen students of Home Mis- While our specialty is Books, Victoria to Yokohama, Kobe, sions. These will include articles on Magazines and Pamphlets, yet Nagasaki, Shanghai, Hong Kong, unemployment, crime, religious move- we have a variety of modern Manila. Orient fares include pasments, youth trends, foreign influ- equipment to meet all the re- sage to and from Seattle. California ences, changing frontiers–all related quirements of.your particular sailings connect with "Empresses" to the Gospel of Christ and modern job. You will ,find our service at Honolulu. church problems. prompt, careful and courteous. • Also • •• low-cost Independent Write to order extra copies now. . ;.'.~ni'Y6U allow us to estimate World Tours.

*** .: on:yollr next prlnting ? .We be- BOOKLETS, information … from Heveyou will be delighted with YOUR OWN TRAVEL AGENT or any Pass on to others the words of en- ~r' product, price and .service. Canadian Pacific office: New York, couragement that come from our Chicago, San Francisco, and 34 readers. Boost the subscriptio~ list The EY',~NGELICAL ~RESS other cities in the United States and so promote interest in the Cause and Canada., of Christ. A missionary writes: ' Print..,• ..,f TM Muiionary Review of t}Je World "Let me offer again my very sincere congratulations over the continuation PLANT AND MAIN OmCE and steady improvement of THE RE- Third and Reily Streets Harrlmar., P•• VIEW. Under the pressure of a most unfavorable time, you hlj,ve undoubt- [209 ] edly made the paper better and more effective than it has ever been before."

PAUL W.'HARRISON. Muscat, Arabia.

*** "If more people read such an accurate, informative publication concerning world affairs there would be gen-

OUTGROWTH-AHMADIYA MOSQUE, WOKING

AMERICAN DESIGNED MOSQUE AT SRINAGAR, KASHMIR EXTENSION TO BURMA-MOSQUE AT MAGOK DR. AND MRS. ZWEMER, WITH MOSLEM CONVERTS AND MI·SSIONARIES, AT THE HYDERABAD CONFERENCE, 1928 IN THE GREATEST MOSLEM MISSION FIELD – INDIA (See page 215)

NARY

REVIB ORLD VOLUME LVIII AN INTERDENOMINATIONAL REVIEW OF WORLD-WIDE CHRISTIAN PROGRESS NUMBER FIVE MAY, 1935 Topics of the Times A TIME OF CRISIS IN -INDIA Britain has obligations to her own people, to Conditions in every land and among all people India and to the world, which cannot be ignored.

today constitute a crisis in national, economic and There is great need today for clear vision, impar- religious life. Conflict and unrest, chaotic think- . tial judgment, higher wisdom, and benevolent ing and planning, immorality and atheistic trends, goodwill to decide the mooted questions. Such are leading to destruction unless they can be cor- qualifications are found in adequate measure only rected by discovering and following God's way in God; Hence the need for prayer-earnest, in- out. Was there ever greater need for uplifting telligent, responsive. The greatest, most abiding Christ and presenting His teachings in India, in force in India today is Christian life, character Japan, in China, in Europe, in America? and influence. The activities and idealism of the The Christian leaders of India have called for British Government combined with the teaching special prayer for that great land and people at and example of Christian missionaries have abolthis time when the plans for a change in govern- ished warfare; through the same agencies famine ment are under consideration in England and in has largely disappeared, illiteracy is decreasing, India. While the main issues are political these women are advancing, many social evils are being vitally relate also to racial and class peace, to in- regulated and the hold of caste is being broken. dustrial and economic progress, and to educa- But Hindus, Moslems, Sikhs and others are not tional, moral and religious problems. British sufficiently united or trained in the arts of peace statesmen, Mohammedan leaders, Hindu politi- and good government to maintain and promote the cians and Christian Indians hold many different reforms that have been inaugurated. The weaker views. Ambition, pride, prejudice and selfishness would go to the wall. all interfere with wise and impartial judgment. But the present financial, economic and political If British control and cooperation should be entirely withdrawn from India and if independent crisis has not been without blessing to the Indian self-government were granted immediately (which Christians and the younger churches built up on is inconceivable) confusion and strife would in- the mission field. Retrenchment in activities and evitably result between the followers of various personnel, cuts in salaries and other expenses, the parties, classes and religions. Much that has been closing of some institutions, or a decrease in the gained in the last century-in social improvement, number of students in schools and patients treated education and liberty-would be lost. There is in hospitals, have caused some heartaches-but little basis for unity, in a land so divided by race, there is a silver lining to the cloud. Christians, religion, caste, language and diverse social and individually and in church groups, have learned to political ideas. What has happened before may depend more on God and their own efforts and less happen again. Recent excavations reveal the fact on foreign funds. They have been driven to their that a very high degree of material civilization knees and their spiritual life has been quickened. was found in India 5,000 years ago, but it disap- They have learned to stand and walk on their own peared completely because of strife and moral feet and so have grown stronger. Where more weakness. volunteer Christian service has taken the place of paid workers and elaborate equipment, there real It is extremely difficult for the British and In- blessing has followed.

dian nationalists to reach agreement. Great In this time of crisis in India there is great need [211 ]

for prayer, not only for the rulers and the Chris- Today many mission institutions in foreign tians but for the whole people. We are urged to lands, in spite of drastic cuts, are fi~ing it in- pray that conferences between British and Indian creasingly difficult or impossible to maintain the leaders may eventuate in understanding and an expensive equipments and staffs because of de- effective program; that forces for righteousness creased gifts from America and England. These and justice may prevail, and that liberty to wor- enterprises are out of harmony with the form of ship and serve God may never be curtailed. Pray life of the people they serve and cannot be sup- for spiritual quickening in India. ported effectively by local gifts and fees.

Already benefits have come with hardships, PATERNALISM IN MISSIONS from decreased American support'. National Loving parents are not always wise. Their af- Christians have seen the necessity for taking fection for their children; their sense of responsi- added responsibility and are becoming more debility; their desire to keep their children's love pendent on God and on their own efforts, and less and to help them in their problems may lead to on foreign human benefactors. Mission boards foolish indulgence and the avoidance of lessons are also recognizing the wisdom of establishing that can only be learned through hardship and work with a view to its ultimate local support and suffering. Many parents keep adult children tied control. When living Seed, adapted to the soil, is to them by financial apron strings; they fail to planted and nurtured it will grow and bear fruit teach them that their first dependence is on God with seed that will continue to spread.

and second on their own efforts. The same is true FAMINE IN NORTH JAPAN in some mission boards in their dealings with mission churches. The Tohoku District is the northeastern section A letter recently received from a missionary of Japan where the work of the Reformed Church in the United States is centered. The capital of connected with a large board shows the need for Miyagi Prefecture is Sendai, the mission headwise dealing with native churches that, like grow- quarters and the chief city of Iwate prefecture is ing children, and self-conscious colonies, desire Morioka, residence of the Rev. G. W. Schroer. self-government, without self-support. This mis- Famine conditions in these two prefectures are sionary writes, in part as follows: The national Christians, who feel opposition to the pres- particularly bad according to the following newsentation of the Gospel in mission schools, have voted to close the school and to use the foreign money available paper reports published in Tokyo: for other purposes. The local church has a good-sized bank account but does not want to use. this. They would like to Children enfeebled by lack of nourishment, young girls sold to brothels, and farmers fleeing continue to receive foreign funds rather than depend on from indebtedness, some by the avenue of suicide, native gifts to carryon the work. They could afford to are among the victims of the adverse natural employ a native preacher or evangelist but their thought forces this winter which have worked against man seems to be to get control of mission funds and property in the Tohoku District of Japan, comprising the without accepting financial responsibility themselves.

This is, of course, not true in the case of na- , six northernmost prefectures of the main island. tional churches that have been taught to "carry their own load"-like the Presbyterian churches Famine has been stalking the land for weeks, in Korea. Many missions have, however, built up and cold weather is bringing increased misery. institutions on such a scale that national churches Even at its best, the Tohoku is not surfeited by cannot afford to carry them on with indigenous natural benefits, and in the past few years it has support. Is it not a very serious mistake to sub- been afflicted by floods, drought, tidal waves, deep sidize native institutions with foreign funds and snow and other unfavorable conditions that have left it prostrate.

put foreign and native mission church funds under The Japanese authorities are providing rice at the national church control? Strength and inde- a low price, giving work on public enterprises and pendence was not developed in that way in the encouraging the use of cheap foods. But there Apostolic Church-nor is it so developed today. are few tenant farmers with ready cash and even Foreign funds may wisely be contributed to na- cheap foods, such as potatoes and millet, are retional Christian enterprises when these are shown garded as luxuries. The potato crop has suffered to be well conducted and productive of satisfac- from the cold- weather as much as the rice crop tory results from a missionary point of view, but and chestnuts and other edible nuts are scarce'. many have found it wise not to make these gifts Common grass that grows in barnyards is none in the form of annual subsidies. Like community too plentiful.

chest gifts at home annual appropriations may be Of the 100,000 farm families in Miyagi prefec- made after reports of the work and the needs have ture, 40,000 are suffering. The number of under- been received and approved. fed children in the district exceeds 10,000.

TOPICS OF THE TIMES

I wate Prefecture is worse off than any of the three and four hundred delegates attended repre- other Tohoku prefectures. Its underfed children senting forty institutions of learning in many number about 24,000. At least 20,000 farm house- states. Nine new chapters were admitted to mem- holds are on the verge of starvation. About 100 bership in the League and definite plans were young girls of the villages of Aosasa, Kamigo and made to promote Bible study and aggressive Tsuchifuchi, have left home since spring to sell Christian work, also for an active alumni asso- themselves to licensed quarters to obtain a little ciation. money to help their families. Three hundred young men have met with the village elders of A similar organization is operating in Great Tsuchifuchi to discuss the situation, and 50 vol- Britain, called the Inter-Varsity Fellowship. Dr. unteers are going to other districts in search of Robert P. Wilder is now conducting meetings work that will give them funds with which to re- under their auspices, and with marked spiritual deem the girls. To find a farmer with as much blessing. This fellowship, at a recent conference as fifteen cents in his pocket is next to impossible in Scotland, adopted the following "Declaration of in this section. Purpose," which reveals their true evangelical character and missionary purpose. In one district during the past few months 197 girls have left home to become inmates of brothels, We, having been deeply impressed with the urgent need cafe waitresses or household servants. Those sold to brothels netted their families from $15 to $60. of increased efforts on the part of the Christian Church Forty-nine persons have taken their own lives in these districts since last year. to reach the hitherto unevangelized peoples, purpose be- In one village signs have been posted every- fore God to make it our individual and collective responsi- where with this inscription: "Because of the dis- tressed conditions here, beggars are prohibited bility to do all in our power to bring this challeng-e to our from entering the village." The village elders and the police have decreed that nothing be spent on universities and churches. . social functions for three years. Marriages and memorial services are to be as cheap as possible- Convinced that the immediate barrier to spiritual revival and yet the Japanese Government is spending $468,000,000 a year on military projects. and world evangelization lies in our own low spiritual EVANGELICAL STUDENT ACTIVITY standards, we would unite in prayer to God that His Much is said and written about the deflection of Spirit may bring each one of us and our unions to a fit college and university students from high stand- ards of Christian faith and life. Most of them spiritual condition to take our part in this enterprise. reflect the influence of their homes and later of school and college. With right teaching and ex- Having committed ourselves to Jesus Christ and so to ample the coming generation would always be an improvement on the past. Recent reports reveal His great purpose that the Gospel may be presented to the fact that at least two thirds of the students in institutions of higher learning claim affiliation every creature, we are resolved, as men and women who with some Christian church. But in college church-going habits-if any-are broken. There have been privileged with a college education, to accept is little Bible study or prayer except in denomina- tional colleges and in small groups; the College our special responsibility in missionary endeavor. It is a . Y. M. and Y. W. C. A.'s are less popular than they were a generation ago and the freedom and license point of spiritual honor. We cannot be true to Jesus of college life tends to lower the standards of Christian conduct for the majority. Christ, our Lord, unless we carry to its completion the But there are still strong Christian schools and task of preaching to every tribe and nation the message colleges and uplifting evangelical influences in America and Great Britain. In the United States of salvation. during the past ten years there has been a healthy growth of the League of Evangelical Students of In as much, therefore, as every man and woman has a America,* an organization that recently held its right to hear the GQspel, we are debtors to the whole tenth annual convention in Philadelphia. Between world. The past generations have rendered inestimable • The headquarters are In the Reformed Episcopal Seminary, South service, and the evangel has been carried far and wide. 43d Street, Philadelphia, Pa. They did their part. The call now comes to us to follow their heroic lead. .

TVe therefore propose: 1. That we determine to make it our responsibility to spread as widely as possible the missionary challenge in our unions and churches, and among all whom we can in- fluence. The need is especially urged of spreading infor- mation as to the true position overseas, and of impressing upon all Christians a sense of the tragedy of the unfinished task. .

2. That this conference recommends to the committee of the evangelical unions: (a) That each union should especially consider how God would have them respond immediately to this challenge both with regard to their responsibility to their university and to the mission field.

(b) That a committee be appointed to undertake respon- sibility for promoting a campaign to arouse missionary fervor in our universities and churches. (c) That student deputations be sent to churches and wherever interest may be aroused. (d) That a letter be sent to the leaders of the churches and missionary societies expressing the intention of the evangelical unions.

(e) That special prayer meetings be held in each union that GQd may greatly add to the number of those who have been awakened to the world need….

At the Scottish Inter-Varsity Missionary Con- and Mrs. Minnie Karnell, who spoke on "The Vanference, held in Edinburgh last January, none of guard of Youth." Churches, schools, colleges, the members of the Scottish Unions who met in civic and social clubs, and other organizations co- New College was permitted to escape from these operated actively in making it possible to reach insistent questions: "Are you willing to go?" all classes of people, in public and group meet- "Do you really intercede for the unevangelized?" ings, by forums and addresses and over the radio. "If you cannot go, will you help others to go?" The spiritual note and the Christian missionary "What are you doing here and now in your own aim ,of the speakers, was stressed throughout and college?" "Have you fully awakened to the fact made a deep impression. Jesus Christ has been that after centuries of Christianity and over one exalted in Florida this winter and His work has hundred years of modern missionary enterprise, been proclaimed. These assemblies, founded by there are millions of people who are still totally Mrs. Henry W. Peabody, were very efficiently unevangelized?" planned and conducted. We are expecting to use some of the addresses in later numbers of THE RE- The British Inter-Varsity Fellowship of Evangelical Unions seeks to coordinate the work of VIEW. the University Evangelical Unions; to stimulate personal faith in Christ among individual students THE GOSPEL AND WORLD DOMINION and generally to spread evangelical principles in academic circles by holding Inter-Varsity confer- The World Dominion Movement is engaged, not ences; endeavoring to found an active witness in in active missionary work in non-Christian lands, every university at home and abroad; by linking but in a systematic effort to stir up the Church to up Christian schoolboys and schoolgirls with evan- more intelligent, active, sacrificial endeavor to gelical undergraduates when they leave their evangelize all peoples as speedily as possible and schools for the universities; by presenting the to bring them under the dominion of Jesus Christ, challenge of the mission field to final year students. the Son of God. The main office of the Movement, under the direction of Dr. Thomas C. Cochrane, is Dr. Howard Guinness has visited the universi- in London and the American office is in New ties of the Dominions and has succeeded in form- York, with Miss Constance Brandon as American ing Inter-Varsity Christian Fellowships in Can- Secretary. The World Dominion magazine pubada, Australia and New Zealand. He is now hold- lishes many stirring articles and strongly advoing meetings among students in India. cates simple apostolic missionary methods in evan- gelism rather than the establishment of elaborate Are the League of Evangelical Students and and expensive institutions on the mission fields. this Inter-Varsity Fellowship God's answer to the Many careful surveys of various fields, published need for more consistent emphasis on the prime in small volumes, show the needs of unevangelized importance of regeneration through Christ and peoples and the progress that has been made by for spiritual life and work among students? the forces already at work. Dr. Samuel M. Zwemer, Editor of The Moslem World, is chair- THE FLORIDA MISSIONARY ASSEMBLIES man of the American committee of the Movement.

Once again thousands of those who visit the At a recent public meeting, held in the Marble winter playground of America have proved them- Collegiate Church, New York City, a large audiselves to be not without deep religious and mis- ence gathered to hear reports of present world sionary interest. Why should not physical sun- conditions, and the neeed for aggressive evangelshine and spiritual light and warmth harmonize? ism, as presented by well-known missionary advo- Why should vacationing mean religious vacancy? cates. Dr. Robert E. Speer was chairman; Pro- It is not necessary that selfish interests of the fessor K. S. Latourette of Yale spoke on "The rich and leisure class shall crowd out the interests World of the Orient"; Dr. John A. Mackay, reof Christ and His Kingdom. This has been proved cently of South America, presented "The Latin again this year in Florida where the Chain of World"; and Dr. Zwemer reported on "The Mos- Missionary Assemblies have had an unusually suc- lem World." The inspiring addresses revealed the cessful season (January 28th to February 26th) unique opportunities for present-day world-wide· under the chairmanship of Miss B. Louise Wood- evangelism, and the great possibilites before the ford. Various denominations cooperated in the churches that have been established in the mission promotion of the gatherings in the sixteen centers. fields. There is today need for a world-wide ad- Among the leading speakers were Dr. T. Z. Koo, vance of the forces of Christ for spiritual conof China; Dr. Conrad Hoffman, Jr., of the Inter- quest, until the Gospel is adequately offered to national Missionary Council; Dr. Ida Scudder, of every creature. India; Miss Minnie Deer, an American' Indian; Dr. John A. Mackay, recently of South America,

India-The Greatest Moslem Mission

By the REV. SAMUEL M. ZWEMER, D.D.

Editor of "The Moslem World"

SEVEN years ago I traveled eight thousand one nation know that no Mohammedan can have a nine hundred miles in India, by rail and Hindu relative, and vice versa; that the attach- motor-car, for nearly five months, holding ment of Indian Moslems to Islam as an institution nineteen conferences with over seven hundred transcends all boundaries of race, of language, missionaries working among Moslems, from Ra- and of country. This devotion to Islam has had walpindi to Colombo and from Bombay to Cal- a profound influence in recent years on the ecocutta. The challenge of Indian Islam is as strong nomic, social, and educational condition of every now as it was then. The new census returns have Moslem family from Kashmere to Madras. Hindu only emphasized the need and revealed a great un- and Moslem are divided by a deeper chasm than finished task. The dearth of trained leaders is as separates the castes of Hinduism. Nci strict Mosevident now as it was in 1928 and, as more than lem will eat from the same table with his Hindu one conference resolution expressed it, "the In- neighbor and vice versa. dian Church needs missions to Moslems to help clarify and crystallize her own theological think- 2. Indian Islam is largely an unoccupied mising." The background of Hinduism is pantheistic. sion field. This was the opinion of leading mis- The background of Islam, as of Christianity, is theistic. The Moslem converts reinforce the structure of the indigenous church as steel strengthens concrete. What is the present situation?

No part of the world offers a greater, a more urgent, a more neglected, or a more hopeful field for evangelizing Mohammedans than India. The latest Indian census shows a Moslem population of 77,677,545. This is a larger number of Mohammedans than are found in all Arabia, Persia, Turkey, Egypt, Syria, and Palestine put together. Moreover it shows an increase of two and a half million in a decade – larger numerically but less proportionately than that of Christians. A writer in The Muslim Review (October 1933) spoke of "Vanishing Islam in India," saying: The facts, figures, events and the attitude of non-Mos- sionaries at the Conference on work among Moslems show that the Moslems as a nation are being down- lems in Jerusalem in 1924 and a study of presenttrodden. Once the dominant factor of the world popula- day occupation shows that their judgment was tion, now becoming unimportant; once ruling nation, now becoming slave; once progressing and advancing community, now vanishing. According to the author of Khunke-Ansu, if the Moslem did not struggle to save himself, up to 1999 the whole nation will be swept out.

This note of discouragement and Moslem pes- simism is not warranted by the facts. There are correct. Take, for example, large areas of Bengal "fourteen points" that offer corroborative proof with its twenty-seven and a half million Moslems, for the importance and strength of Indian Islam or the neglected Mappilas of the Southwest coast, and each is an urgent reason for evangelization. not to speak of Afghanistan border-marches and 1. Islam is today the chief obstacle to Indian Baluchistan. A study of the following statistical unity and there/ote to her independence within the tables will reveal the facts as to the Moslem popu- British Empire. Those who seek to make India lation of India.

[215 ]

A. PROVINCES Moslems periodicals are numbered by hundreds; at least a score are published in English, some in German Ajmer-Merwara …………………… . 97,133 and French, by Indian Moslem students. This is Andaman and Nicobar Islands ……….. . 6,719 the only country that has sent missionaries of Assam …………………………… . 2,755,914 Islam to Europe, America, and Africa, and has Baluchistan (Districts and Administrated enrolled converts of international note such as 405,309 Lord Headley, St. Clair Philby, Pickthall, Shel- Territories) …………………….. . 27,497,624 drake and others. Indian Moslems are responsible Bengal …………………………… . for the mosques in Berlin, in London, in Perth Bihar and Orissa ………………….. . 4,264,790 (Australia), and in Brazil and Trinidad. The Bombay ………………………….. . 4,456,897 recent new translations of the Koran, with com- Burma …………………………… . mentary, into English, German, Dutch, Afrikaans, Central Provinces and Berar …………. . 584,839 Chinese, and Japanese are due to Indian influence Coorg ……………………………. . 682,854 and scholarship. Delhi ……………………………. . 13,777 Madras …………………………… ' 206,960 5. The millions of Moslems in India are more North West Frontier Province (Districts and 3,305,937 accessible and have greater religious and social liberty than those of any other land. This is pri- Administrated Territories) ………… . 2,227,303 marily due to easy communication by great na- Punjab ………………………….. . 13,332,460 tional highways, railroads, coast steamers, and United Provinces ………………….. . the cheapness and safety of travel across con- 7,181,927 tinental areas at all seasons of the year. Add to this a remarkable freedom of speech and of the 67,020,443 press under British rule. The printed page can go everywhere by a postal system which has no B. STATES AND AGENCIES Moslems rival in all Asia. What has been done in Japan by newspaper evangelism might be accomplished Assam States ……………………… . 24,600 in India in several great languages for a much Baluchistan States …………………. . 392,784 larger area and on an even larger scale. Nor can Baroda State ……………………… . 182,630 we forget that in India converts have protection, Bengal States …………………….. . 312,476 freedom of speech and worship and that the dread- Bihar and Orissa States …………….. . 19,516 fullaw of apostasy can no longer be applied under Bombay States ……………………. . 414,931 the Indian Government. God has set before us an Central India Agency ………………. . 376,637 open door which no man can shut. Central Provinces States ……………. . 23,254 Gwalior State …………………….. . 204,297 6. The work of preparation for widespread Hyderabad State ………………….. . 1,534,666 evangelism is already accomplished. The Bible Jammu and Kashmir State …………… . 2,817,636 has been translated into every Mohammedan lan- Madras States Agency ………………. . 467,396 guage of India-Urdu, Bengali, Punjabi, Tamil, Mysore State ……………………… . 398,628 Telegu, Pushtu, Kashmiri, Gujrati, Sindhi, Ma- North-West Frontier Province (Agencies and layalam, etc. Others have labored in this field and 23,086 those who go to India now have entered into their Tribal Areas) …………………… . 40,845 labors. The same is true of special Christian lit- Punjab States …………………….. . 1,556,591 erature for Moslem readers. In most of the lan- Punjab States Agency ………………. . 1,069,325 guages named there is a growing library of books Rajputana Agency …………………. . and tracts suited to the mind of Moslems and with Sikkim State ……………………… . 104 the right approach to their hearts and consciences. United Provinces States …………….. . 252,131 West India States Agency …………… . 545,569 7. The Indian Church is becoming conscious of its duty to Islam. That church in all its branches 10,657,102 now counts adherents to the number of 5,961,000 or one professing Christian to every 57 of the Grand Total …………………… 77,677,545 total popUlation which by the same census is 353 millions. "The Christian Church has more than 3. Whole districts are without one Christian doubled itself in thirty years," says the editor of Dnyanodaya. While only one among eighty-one missionary to Moslems. Such areas, wholly 01: Moslem females is literate, according to the last census, one in six is literate among the Christians predominantly Mohammedan, include J alpaigurf, of India. Among males the proportion is one to Cooch, Bihar, Dinajpur MaIda, Birbhum, Bur- eleven for Moslems and one to four for Christians. dwan, and the Naokli Districts of Bengal Prov- Such knowledge is a sacred trust. Noblesse oblige inces. In the Naokli district alone there are 1,423,- 000 Moslems. No Christian work is carried on among the million and a half of Malayalam-speaking Moslems of Malabar. In such large metropolitan centers as Bombay, Oalcutta, Madras, and Kerachi the present staff available for work among Moslems is pitifully small compared with the mass of the population.

4. Indian Moslems have for over two decades exercised an enormous influence outside of India through their press and propaganda and diaspora. In this respect India is unique among all Mohammedan lands. Indian Moslem magazines and

INDIA-THE GREATEST MOSLEM MISSION FIELD

applies also to the nobility of reading the word of Islamics founded in 1930 provides a center of re- God to one's illiterate neighbors. search and for the special training of workers and the preparation of literature. Although no accurate statistics are yet available regarding the number of converts among Islam in At the conclusion of five years the School may the Indian Church, that number is large and stead- be proud of its record. In addition to the special ily increasing. Dr. E. M. Wherry wrote some training of thirty students at Lahore, from South years ago: Arcot to Orissa, there has been extension work at summer conferences where fully a thousand mis- The accessions from Islam, especially in Northern India, sionaries received special instruction in Islam. have been continuous during all the years since the death of Henry Martyn. As one looks over the rolls of church 9. Indian Islam is not tribal or national but conmembership, he is surprised to find so many converts from tinental. All races have yielded to Islam. The Islam. In the North, especially the PUnjab, and the Moslem population in the census includes Sheikhs, Northwest Frontier Province, every congregation has a Seyyids, Moghuls, Pathans, Sindhis, Bohras, Barepresentation from the Moslem ranks. Some of the luchis, Arabs,Farsis, Labbais, Moplahs, Khojas, churches have a majority of their membership gathered Memens and other racial groups with special from amongst the Mussulmans. In a few cases there has names of origin used by themselves and which in been something like a movement among Moslems towards some cases approach in definite' cleavage to that Christianity, and a considerable number have come out at of Hindu caste. one time. But perhaps the fact which tells most clearly the story of the advance of Christianity among Moslems It is estimated that six millions today are of in India is this, that among the native pastors and Chris- Afghan or Pathan blood, three hundred thousand tian preachers and teachers in North India, there are at of Persian al)d many of Arab origin. least two hundred who were once followers of Islam.

In the Punjab alone the converts now number several thousand and among them are some of the outstanding leaders of the Indian Church. The missionaries at the Bogra Conference in 1928 estimated the number of baptized Moslems in Bengal at sixteen thousand.

There are literally thousands of converts from Islam in the Indian Church, especially in Bengal and the Punjab, many of them outstanding leaders and courageous apostles. Sporadic conversions are more ' frequent all over India and today educated Moslems throng to hear the outspoken messages of evangelists like E. Stanley Jones and others. The old spirit of fanatic intolerance is disappearing.

8. These thousands of living converts from .. y~ y.;, ,,16) ~"""..lI;ntljlD u __~~ Islam are becoming aware of their spiritual ~a….iW~~iI ~Jl5~ """'<uLJ~ro ~rr solidarity and await mobilization in the forces 0/ * .f~..~….e>"" ~""""!l/!l~ ~"",Qj&C.. ~~ organized evangelism. There is the League of Missionaries to Moslems, which is a voluntary or- ~ OJItlU&&I!'4LR~,,{.i'<Or""';' "rurur;.i!tD ""'" ganization with nearly six hundred members who are banded together in a fellowship of prayer. (!PtD IW>~ ~,,&I &I!;'il!J'ru~&rr G<JWu'li~ t These widely scattered members are kept in touch with each other through a monthly bulletin. The * I!J'!l/!ltDtn'"' tp~ru "ru",ru""'!l/!l~ ~~~ 6J;oru", .j; value of the league may also be measured by the fact that it has been in existence for twenty-three LR…Cui/!6lIIID ~….fI'" ~116Jrr~G~ ~ru years. I ._fofJlJI'II~Ul..s.iT~e&ur.ofwlmi.tDl&<l<1>fj.tlp'"epCRu',"flm~~r wr6r ) i jIII&6jtD ~t1:'"" -r.t&i>I, IUIIJlLuru ~NIB"'. :r Another organization of great value is the Com- #.H- -te>-k- -H-i-f- -H–t+- -…,.:-.-*.)+- ……..- -t+fi- ….,+c- -» mittee for all India on Literature for Moslems under the leadership of the Rev. M. T. Titus, Ph.D. TITLE PAGE OF A TAMIL KORAN Their last report told of sixty-two new books and tracts issued in ten different languages, totaling 10. Islam in India is polyglot. This emphasizes 588,500 copies and 4,298,000 pages. There is also the importance of the press to an extent that few the Brotherhood of Andrew in Lahore, composed realize. The Arab alphabet and the Koran are largely of Moslem converts, which carries on an effective evangelism and rilns a convert's home. In this connection the Henry Martyn School of

found everywhere, but Arabic has not displaced To establish,primary schools and m,aktabs for the boys any Indian language, although it has influenced and girls and night schools for adults, as well as centres all Moslem speech and introduced in large areas for physical training, wherever possible in connection with a peculiar patois which is designated as Mussul- the mosques. man-Bengali, Mussulman-Gujrati, etc., and is not 13. There is a new attitude toward the Gospel always intelligible to non-Moslems. message, The bold, ringing testimony of converts 11. Moslems nevertheless are more illiterate is having its effect. We hear of a member of the royal family from Afghanistan banished from his than Christians or Hindus. This fact, to which native land and now a professor of Arabic in a we have already alluded, shows the urgent need of Christian college; of another Afghan, a graduate evangelists who can preach the Word of God to of an English university, who in his recent book the illiterate, even as Christ and the Apostles did. on comparative religion Lights of Asia gives re- The backward provinces are Northwest India and markable testimony to Jesus as Saviour and Lord. Eastern Bengal; in the ancient centres of Moslem Public confession and baptism 'are becoming poscivilization the level of education is as high or in sible nearly everywhere. The Bible is eagerly read and the questions Moslems now raise regardsome cases even higher than among the Hindus. ing its content prove that they are earnest stu- Here again there is a great diversity. dents of the Word. As Dr. M. T. Titus writes: 12. The activity of Islam in its propaganda, its The spirit of Henry Martyn is not dead. There are organizations, enterprise, and the liberality of more missionaries than ever before in India who are linked Moslems in its support are a challenge to Chris- together for effective work among Moslems. The same tians. The chief propaganda organizations, with may be said of Indian workers. There is more literature branches everywhere, are Jamiat-i-Tabligh (head- produced in more languages, and there are better facilities for distribution than ever before. From all over the land come reports which indicate that there are more inquirers, and more conversions among Moslems than ever before.

ALL-INDIA COMMITTEE ON LITERATURE FOR MOSLEMS 14. Finally, there is great need for apostolic Rev. J. A. Subhan, Rev. M. T. Titus, Mr. Warls, S.M.Z., Siraj successors, i. e., for specially trained leadership. What a glorious heritage India has in Henry ud Din, Bevan Jones. The three natives are all Martyn, Karl Pfander, Bishop Lefroy, Bishop Moslem converts of outstanding ability. French, Dr. E. M. Wherry, Drs. Rouse, Goldsack, Takle, Canon Sell, Imad-ud-Din, and others! How quarters at Amballa), the Tanzim movement in they would have rejoiced to see the present op- Bengal and the United Provinces, the Khuddam- portunity. Who follows in their train? Who i-Ka'aba .(Lucknow), a Shiah organization, the will take up their unfinished task? Only those Ahmadiyas at Qadian and Lahore, arid the Khojas who give themselves wholly to it will succeed. of Bombay, backed by the wealth of the Aga Khan. The objects of all these organized movements are Special preparation for this work should inwell expressed in the printed circular of1he Tan- clude a knowledge of Islam and of Urdu, the zim of Bengal, from which we quote: lingua franca all over India. In Northern India this is fully realized, but in Southern India some To establish unity and solidarity among Moslems of all are still unconvinced of the necessity. The other classes and views by propagating the general principles side is presented in a letter written a few years and ideals of Islam and )nsisting upon religious observ- ago by the Rev. A. Hickling, of the London Misances, congregational daily and Friday prayers and en- sionary Society, in Madras Presidency: couraging tabligk (i. e., preaching or propaganda). , Work among Mussulmans involves, in my opinion, spe- To reorganize the mosques as units of economic and cial preparation both of missionaries and Indian Chriseducational as well as moral and religious reform, and to tians who undertake it. The attitude of mind needed for reform and regularize the sermons and the spiritual and effective presentation of the Gospel to Hindus can only be moral instruction of the masses. gained by careful preparation, and those who have had this preparation can only very rarely readapt themselves to the absolutely different presuppositions of the Mussul- man.

With even a score of such qualified workers it . would be possible to reach the neglected Moslem masses with the Gospel by tongue and pen in a way that would fulfill .the highest hopes of the lonely workers who now face an almost impossible task with patience and courage. For Jesus Christ and not Mohammed will wear the crown of India.

Can a Pastor Promote Missions?

By the REV. VICTOR G. MILLS, D.D.

Pastor of the First Methodist Episcopal Church, Montclair, New Jersey T HIS question assumes a pastor who is him- son all his preaching with missionary references self interested in missions and desirous of and the missionary spirit, and he can arrange promoting the cause in his church. Perhaps such classes and study courses as he may find de- that ought to be a justifiable assumption for the sirable. Of course all this must be done with fine ministry as a whole, but unfortunately there is a tact and understanding. A misguided enthusiast good deal of evidence to show that the facts are might easily defeat his own purposes and do the otherwise. In a group of missionaries the state- cause harm by irritating repetition or provocative ment was made not long ago, and supported by insistence upon his own views of things. But the the group as a whole, that in a great majority of pastor who, with real understanding of other the churches visited by missionary representatives points of view and a tactful presentation of his no adequate background of information or inter- own, keeps the missionary obligation and oppor- est was found ready for the visitor's story; the tunity constantly before his people, cannot fail to speaker had to proceed on the supposition that his arouse interest in the thing which he himself be- audience would know little or nothing about the lieves so deeply. Just how this matter of pastoral cause which he was there to present. This state- instruction and inspiration is to be carried out ment, in so far as it is true to the facts, reveals a must be left to the individual. Only, let every real failure on the part of the ministry and such pastor keep steadily before him the fact that the failure can only be due to a lack of interest in the primary responsibility is his and his alone, that whole missionary project. the opportunity is also his, and that if he will use But we are addressing the pastors who do care, his opportunity of pulpit and classroom to the full, the men who believe heart and soul in the mission- his church will not fail to see the Gospel of Christ ary obligation and desire to find ways in which for what it is, a missionary Gospel.

they may more effectively impart their own deep Then, having done all that he can do in the way interest to the minds and hearts of their people. of pastoral instruction and inspiration, let the in- What suggestions can be offered to such men, terested minister support his own work with aid some of whom will be dealing with hard-boiled from without. The most obvious resource for congregations that care little about the salvation this purpose is a personal presentation of the of any souls beyond the horizon of their own com- cause by a missionary from the field. Apparently munity? an easy matter to arrange, but really a business First, let it be said that a truly missionary- that must be handled with great care. The right minded pastor will do something toward the crea- missionary, saying the right thing at the right tion of missionary interest by his very presence time, will be a tremendous help in the pastor's in pulpit and parish. The power of unconscious campaign of missionary education. But, alas, the influence is very great, and when a sincere man wrong person, saying the wrong thing or saying believes anything deepiy, that fact is bound to the right thing in the wrong way, may be the make itself felt in all his contacts with others. means of undoing much good work and fortifying If a minister has any measure of the missionary opposition. mind of St. Paul, his people will know it and be How can we be sure of the outcome? We caninfluenced by it, and whatever their response may be they will at least know that the Kingdom of not, but at least we can do some things to help. God in its world-wide aspects has come nigh unto We can bring in our missionary, not as a mere them. pUlpit supply to fill in when the pastor is sick or absent, nor as a chance speaker for some anni- But the minister who has enough missionary versary, but as an ambassador purposely selected conviction to be a source of radiating influence for a particular date and purpose. The mission will never be content to stop there. If he were so boards cannot guarantee the effectiveness of the content his influence would cease. The real advo- representatives they send out, but if they are cate of the cause will go on with a positive cam- asked to cooperate in providing a certain type of paign of instruction and inspiration. And just speaker for such and such a situation they can here, I think, is the pastor's greatest opportunity. help us attain our objective. Then let the pastor The pulpit is his, and the program of the church prepare the way. (Remember, this is what the is largely his to determine. He can preach as missionaries say is seldom done.) Let him premany missionary Sermons as he will i he can sea- pare by creating an atmosphere, by supplying pre- [219 ]

liminary facts, so that the speaker when he comes to a work and to persons that they know. The will be able to devote his time to that which he minister cannot compel his church to accept a alone can give out of his own experience. Above parish abroad or to support a particular person all, let all this be arranged beforehand, so that or project. Even if such a relationship is estabminister and missionary understand each other lished he will find many in his congregation who and work together toward a common goal. The have no interest in it. But the quiet, unseen inresult of such a visit, as we have said, cannot be fluence of more personal contacts does have its guaranteed, for the personal element is ever there effect, and therefore if the minister who cares to make for uncertainty, but it is always worth can induce his people to relate themselves in any trying and when the combination is right the re- way, however slight, to some definite part of the sult is a tremendous impetus to missionary edu- world field, he has acquired an invaluable aid to cation and interest. the realization of his hopes and plans.

A Personal Representative Magazines and Leaflets A more effective resource, because more abiding Printed matter is the other chief resource of in its influence, is the missionary project or a per- the pastor who would promote missionary intersonal representative on the field. Of course, there est. Here, of course, he is limited by the quality are churches which will not enter into such an and quantity of the material available, but here arrangement because they are not yet sufficiently too, as in the case of visiting speakers, careful missionary-minded. But as soon as it is found selection and discriminating use of the best can possible, such an objective contact with the field be made to pay dividends in new interest and supshould be made, as it provides an invaluable aid port. It is unfortunate that better printed matter in arousing and maintaining interest. We refer relating to missions is not available. The missionhere, of course, to a genuine relationship between ary and his work are so grossly misrepresented in church and missionary, and not to that formality many secular journals that a true picture ought which ends with placing the missionary's name on to be presented by the church boards and other the church calendar and designating a few dol- mISSIOnary agencies. This is done to some exlars to his particular work. tent, but I think it is not unfair to say that a good deal of the material put out in support of One church has taken for its primary obliga- missions not only fails to correct wrong imprestion the support of a splendid missionary in sions from other sources, but even accentuates Japan. His picture is on the walls of the church these impressions by presenting the subject in an schoolroom. He has visited the church when in unreal, uninteresting manner. In a day of vivid America. He sends a multigraph letter at inter- advertising and beautiful printing the missionary vals to many families in the church and several of cause ought to have the benefit of the best both in them write to him occasionally. These contacts material and appearance. Such material would make this missionary and his work very real to cost money, and no mission board has too much of that whole congregation, with the result that no that, but a little of the best would be a far better one in that church can think of the'missionary investment than tons of drab, uninteresting readcause, either favorably or unfavorably, without ing matter. thinking of it in terms of that fine representative and his splendid work in Japan. However, the interested pastor must use what he finds available, and if he is on the lookout for In another church, a beloved missionary repre- something worth reading and distributing he will sentative in West China, who has visited the home find it, at least occasionally. When he does, let church when in this country, recently sent back him put it into the homes of his people, and if this by a returning missionary a beautifully embroid- can be done just as a matter of general interest ered silk wall hanging which bears in picture and without any accompanying appeal for gifts, form one of the legends of old China. This piece so much the better. Perhaps the pastor can find now hangs on the wall of one of the church good material of his own, newspaper clippings rooms and has been interpreted to the children of or quotations from influential nonmissionary the school from a description provided. All of sources, which can be circulated by multigraph or this has brought West China and eastern America through the church bulletin. Only let him make. much closer together and has made the mission- sure that whatever is used is arresting, interestary interest of that church personal and vital. In' ing, and good enough to catch and hold the attenthis same church school various classes have for tion of that typical unmissionary or antimissionsome years had their own individual projects in ary layman in the pews. Books may also be cirvarious parts of the missionary field, both at home culated and they will help materially to break and abroad, have been in communication with down prejudice and give enlightenment-if they their representatives, and thus have been giving be of the right type. Unfortunately too many while holding a truer conception of missions, still missionary books lack an arresting quality in title withhold interest and support because "there is and appearance that might challenge the interest so much to do at home." The minister must be of nonmissionary readers. But now and then patient and infinitely tactful with all these of there are great books that meet the necessities of backward mind. He must shape his program the case and they may be used effectively. Albert with them particularly in view. Whatever tends Schweitzer's "Out of My Life and Thought," for to break down prejudice and give a truer picture example, is a tremendous missionary tract and of the missionary and his work, this he will use can be used to good effect either as loaned for in sermon, in study class, in printed form-in any reading or for group study or midweek service. form in which it may be avai1able. In other words, The pastor who cares will do well to remember the missionary pastor is an ambassador for misthat the main part of his task is the overcoming sions, just as he is an ambassador for Christ, and of ignorance and prejudice in the minds of his just as he seeks to commend his Master in all people. Perhaps we should say, ignorant preju- things to those who do not know him, so. he seeks dice. His procedure must be directed by this fact. to commend the Master's world-reaching program For too many people in the pews the missionary in every way to those who as yet see that program is still the frock-coated, high-hatted busybody of only in reference to their own personal salvation. the comic papers or, at best, the devoted but mis-. Such an ambassador is in the true apostolic sucguided enthusiast who has gone to foreign parts cession from St. Paul who was at once the first to induce contented non-Christians to change their Christian missionary and a good minister of Jesus religion. And with these are many more who, Christ.

Missionary Letters to the Home Church By JULIA LAKE KELLERSBERGER, Bibango, Congo BeIge Missionary of the American Presbyterian Congo Mission O N OCTOBER 3, 1931, a young American- important in putting the message across to the Italian poet, Lauro de Bosis, voluntarily home folks whose heads are in the clouds and feet gave his life in an anti-Fascist publicity in ruts and hands in their neighbor's pockets. air raid over Rome, strewing leaflets like flying Letters from the field make us feel unfaithful, and snowflakes over the Italian Capital. On his way that is what we really are at home; we must feel to the aviation field he mailed a letter for publica- that way to do anything about it. Our church tion in which he said: "I shall not die until after supports a missionary couple but they never write I have delivered my 400,000 letters. I hope that a line to us from one five years to another. It is many others will follow me and will at last suc- hard to interest a church that never hears anyceed in rousing public opinion." His plane was thing about them." probably shot down or dropped into the sea for it was never heard from after that memorable "Information plus inspiration will lead to connight. summation."

Here was a young patriot who willingly died The following excuses come from neglectful in an effort to give publicity to his patriotic ideals. mission workers: There are too few missionaries, soaring in heavenly places, who are willing to devote time and "I'm too busy." A son should not be so busy talent to an effort toward arousing the people at carrying on his studies that he has no time to home to a more vital interest in the advancement write the father who supports him. The home of the Kingdom of God. And yet we sometimes church feels in the same way about representacomplain that friends at home are not really in- tives who are too occupied to keep sacrificial supterested. We cannot understand why mission porters informed about the work. funds run so low, while the coffers of tobacco and oil companies are filled by professing Christian ItI never write. My friends have learned not to consumers of their wares. The reason for their expect letters." This is sometimes said in a boastsuccess is that every great business concern spends ing way, as if it were a worthy excuse for laziness. millions of dollars in making their enterprise widely known. "I am a missionary and time spent writing home means neglect of my work. It is wasted The wife of the Y. M. C. A. Secretary of a large time." Mission support would cease if all should follow this short-sighted policy. American university writes: "Letter::; are very "I'm not an author. I dread going home because when asked to talk I can think of nothing to say." One's spiritual wells must be dry indeed, if not even one pail of water can be drawn from them. said, "Lord, I thank Thee that I am ignorant. God opened Hagar's eyes and "she saw a well of Make me igno-runter." water." "I counsel thee," says John in his Revelation, "to buy eyesalve to anoint thine eyes that We missionaries must not only tell the good thou mayest see . . ." Each saved soul is a mir- news of Christ to the non-Christian world but we acle message; every child taught is a Book of must tell the news of Christ's work to the home Promise; every unanswered message from home church. Tell it with letters and with kodak picis an opportunity lost and may produce a dis- tures, picture post cards, foreign stamps, drawcouraged supporter of the work. As Dr. S. D. ings, maps, bits of native products or other inter- Gordan says, "Every Christian is a Bible bound in esting things slipped in letters which can be used shoe leather, walking around that the world may of God to interest adults and young people at read." Missionaries are often the only missionary home. newssheet that friends will read. If that news is stale, whose fault is it? Everyone has some talent which can be used to interest friends in the work of Christ through- The ignorance of many educated people concern- out the world. "What is that in thine hand ?" Is ing mission work is astounding. Many in an it a pencil or a pen? Is it a paint brush or a noteaudience do not know the difference between Li- book filled with daily incidents of human interest? beria and Siberia. Mr. Smith, from the Congo, "What is that in thy hand?" Is it a typewriter, may be asked if he knows and ever sees Mr. or a carbon sheet, a simple mission picture or a Smith from Brazil. Such people do not need to native object lesson? Like Paul, we need to be pray the prayer of the little mountain girl who ambitious to be "all things to all men that by all means we may win some."

Publicity Letters from Africa -·'-lii!11 Sent by REV. PLUMER SMITH, of Mutoto II~'- How We Spend Sunday at the Congo goat. Tumba was never stingy with the departed one's spirit. Then he became a Christian preacher W E ARE here, thirty-three miles from and wished to go back to his old home to find his Mutoto attending a native conference with remaining relatives. There they told him that his thirty native preachers and their wives. mother, Tshinga, was still living. He bounded to At daylight we drove two miles for a sunrise serv- his mother, whom he had not seen in twenty years, ice in the workmen's village. One leaf of a Model- and hugged her tight. He brought her to his own T Ford spring and clapper formed the bell that home and taught her about Christ. Tumba knows called us to the service. now that the witch doctors were liars and robbers and he wishes he had all the good meat to give her Two services before breakfast gives one a good alive, that he gave to her spirit, when he thought appetite. Our room is small; two beds, one trunk, she was dead. Tshinga has gone to Heaven now one table and one chair fill it up. We have rats and Tumba is almost blind from sleeping sickness and toads to fill up extra corners, but they are a but he walks almost a mile each day to teach the good sign that no snakes are in the house. other patients the catechism and to sing, "There is a Happy Land." When you see a big old black At 11 a. m. we held another church service, and man standing in the front row of Heaven making at 3 p. m. a communion service. Christians walked a joyful noise, just walk up, grab him by the hand from four different villages to this sacrament. At and say, "Muoyo (Life to you), Tumba Luka." 4: 30, we were back again to the soldier's camp for another Lord's Supper. Six little black chil- A Visit to the Pigmies dren sang for us, and we had sweet fellowship together. It was Sunday morning. We were on a trip 100 miles north of our station. Half an hour's When we reached our home for the second time walk brought us to a village of Pigmies where that day 144 were waiting to hear the evening some of the leaders were painting their arrows message. Six services that day, and still they with poison. The bark of the roots had been wanted more. How do you spend your Sundays? stewed and with a feather the pigmies would paint the points of the arrows for two inches, past the Tumba Luka, who had been sold into slavery, notches. One of the little men looked "hard became a trader and was earning money. Whenever he became sick the conjurer would tell him that his mother was dead and wished a fowl or a

PUBLICITY LETTERS FROM AF~ICA

boiled." 1 kept my missionary eye on him, hop- very hard for these older natives to become real ing that he would not point his arrow at me. When Christians. After seven months 1 met Kalonshi we asked if they would like to hear some preach- again. He had been baptized as a Christian and ing, they replied that they were not pining for had taken the Christian name of Joseph. If you any preaching. Then 1 found some shade and Africanize it you get "Josefu." This is the story played the phonograph and brother "Hard Boiled" he told of his remarkable conversion: and everybody else came. We had songs and pictures, a short talk and prayer. When 1 told old "My father was Ngala. On his deathbed he "Hard Boiled" good-bye he begged for a song called to me that he was dying. 1 said, 'Father, book. 1 said, "You cannot sing. What will you when a man is near death he calls the Roman do with a book." He replied, "1 will line it out Catholic catechist who baptizes him, so he will be and listen:' J esu munanga, Jesu munanga, Jesu saved.' He replied, '1 have no faith in this white munanga, Unfuile luse." (Jesus Beloved, Jesus man's God.' Father Ngala died and we mourned Beloved, Jesus Beloved, Show unto us Mercy.) He for him for many days. Then one night father got the song book. Three months later the pigmy Ngala came back to me with a book in his hand village sent this message to us: "Where is our and said: evangelist ?" " 'My son, Kalonshi, quit your old customs. Re- The Elephant Trapper pent and turn to God.' Here was my father who never had a book in his hand during his lifetime .Bakatuhenda, our native preacher, came to me and who never worshiped the white man's God and said, "One of our adherents has put aside an coming to me with this message from the dead. elephant tusk as his Christmas thank-offering. White man, tell him to come clean with the Lord "Now here is my hunting fetish. 1 bought it and to be willing to give his whole heart for he for ten goats. I kept it in the forest under a palm is keeping something back. He is not willing to tree. If two palm nuts fell I knew there were give up his hunting fetish." Kalonshi, the ele- two animals in the forest. If there were no palm phant hunter, was almost sixty years old. It is nuts under the tree I did not set the trap. Now 1 have stopped hunting. I am a Christian and I worship the Lord and let the elephants ijve."

By Courtesy of The Christian Observer, Louisville, Kentucky. Here is a picturesque glimpse of the contrast between old .heathen Africa and modern Christian life as seen in the recent visit of Dr. John R. Mott to the Congo field. Dr. Mott is here shown with Dr. Motte Martin of the Presbyterian mission and three Bakuba dancers In costume. Dr. Mott described the work of the Congo mission as "marvelous."

Problems inhPuerto

Observations on a Joint Visit of Missionary Secretaries -.j By the REV. CHARLES s. DETWEILER, New York }3t-.- American Baptist Home Mission Society ~==========================~ 'pUERTO RICO is a laboratory in which plans United States. The crude death rate is 2Ya times for cooperation are being worked out and are larger than that of continental United States. constantly scrutinized. The officers of Amer- A professor in the University of Puerto Rico ican mission boards administering work there re- reported that the average income of the laborer solved to visit the island at the same time in Feb- on coffee or tobacco estates is only $135 per year, ruary this year and together study the field, to learn from one another's experience and to plan and on sugar estates $269 per year, of which 940/0 for better cooperation. The denominations rep- is spent for food and clothing. The people of resented in this joint tour were Baptist, Congre- Puerto Rico buy 9.2 pounds of meat and 10 qua:c.ts . gationalist, Disciples, Methodist, Presbyterian and of milk per capita each year. Sugar cane is by far the largest crop on the island; the richest United Brethren. In addition to their denomina- lands are used for it and of these two-thirds are tional schools, hospitals and neighborhood houses, in the hands of nine operators. This concentrathey own in common a press, a paper, a book de- tion of land has taken place through unfair conpository and a seminary; their churches are tracts with the colono, or small farmers. The united in an Association, in whose annual meeting agricultural part of sugar production bears 80 the Christian and Missionary Alliance and the per cent of the cost, and the mill bears only 20 Lutheran churches also participate. per cent. And yet practically all the risks, such as insects, drought and plant disease, must be For three and a half days the delegation toured borne by agriculture. The income is divided into the island, stopping to observe mission plants, and 40 per cent for the manufacturing side, and 60 concluding each day with a public conference to per cent for the agricultural side. On this basis which the pastor and two laymen from each the colono always loses in the long run. Now very church in the district were invited. Questions late in this process the Government is undertaking were asked and answered on general economic and to reverse this trend toward land concentration. moral conditions and on the needs and difficulties of the churches in Christianizing the island. One of the most encouraging of government ac- The first condition noted is the rapid growth of tivities noted by the delegation is the second-unit school in the. country, of which there are now the population. In the words of the Commissioner thirty-nine. These are consolidated rural schools of Education: of a vocational type, offering to children above the third grade, in addition to the usual academic sub- The population has grown about 1,000 per cent in the jects, agriculture, home economics and various last century and a quarter, without a corresponding in- trades which enable them to increase their earncrease in the means of subsistence. The Malthusian checks, ings. Also the Puerto Rico Emergency Relief such as war, pestilence and birth control, have proved in- Administration with federal money is developing effective. During this period of phenomenal growth we truck gardening for the unemployed, and is stimhad only one invasion, which changed the sovereignty with- ulating to an unusual degree the movement to out reducing the population; we had several plagues but make Puerto Rico more self-contained as far as these failed to stem the rising birth rate, and birth control food is concerned. In the past too large a proporhas only recently achieved the status of an academic ques- tion of her foodstuffs has been imported. tion. We have today a density of 450 inhabitants to the square mile and our families average over eight persons. As to improving moral conditions the Govern-. We have achieved mass-production in population and we are still going strong. Hurricanes, which are our local ment has not made so good a showing as in solving substitutes for war, do more damage to the means of subsistence than to the inhabitants. economic problems. Nearly twenty years ago the legislature legalized race-track gambling; about From the Commissioner of Health we learned two years ago Governor Gore took the initiative in that the leading diseases are tuberculosis, hook- legalizing cock-fighting, and more recently, under worm and malaria. The death rate from tuberculosis is rising, being now 387 per one hundred thousand, or over four times the rate in the Governor Winship, the Government has estab- [224 ] lished a lottery. A small reduction has been regis- sion was almost entirely separated from its detered in illegitimacy in the last twenty-five years, nominational allegiance. The problem presented but it is still a giant specter in the land. by this movement on the island was never out of mind in the discussions of the three-day confer- Protestant missionary work began in 1899 and ence held at the close of the tour. thirty-four years later, in 1933, Puerto Rico had 276 organized Protestant churches, with a mem- Nineteen years ago a similar conference had bership of 24,000 and a Sunday school enrollment been held in the same place-Blanche Kellogg Inof 45,000. In 1932 these churches contributed stitute in Santurce. This girls' high school, be- $90,000 for self-support and more than $20,000 longing to the Congregational Board, is greatly for benevolences. Many of the Puerto Rican min- improved, both in its physical plant and in its isters are seminary-trained men and a large pro- student body, compared with what it was nineportion of them are college or university grad- teen years ago; the conference that met there was uates. Our public conferences brought out the also very different-principally in that the Puerto fact that evangelicals have won public sympathy; Rican members were more numerous and more their children have high standing in the schools; prominent in leadership. This year there was no pastors are frequently consulted by civic authori- lack of plain speaking in discussing common probties, and are leaders in Parent-Teacher organiza- lems, and alleged failures. One thing dwelt upon tions. The Roman Catholic Church pays Prot- was the failure to evangelize the higher classes, estant workers the most sincere flattery of copying and the lack of evangelical influence in the unitheir methods. It is today far more aggressive versity. Some were unwilling to admit this. Anthan ever before in its history and is trying to re- other tender spot was the Evangelical Seminary cover lost ground. Spiritism, which twenty-five which, it was generally agreed, must be brought years ago seemed to have more of a hold upon the into closer touch with the churches, and must expopular mind than Roman Catholicism, has defi- tend its service to them. At present the reducnitely lost ground. The intellectuals have aban- tions in the mission budgets make it impossible doned it, although it is still strong in rural areas. to have more than a very small student body. There is less rationalism and infidelity than twenty-five years ago and the attacks of free- Among the recommendations of the conferthinkers are not as noticeable as formerly. ences, the following are outstanding: Puerto Rican evangelicals are aggressively 1. The appointment of a secretary of Christian Educaevangelistic. At the time of our visit the churches tion whc> will give his whole time to the work; until such were engaged in a simultaneous "Crusade of the a secretary is found, and the time is ripe for him, the Faith" which was to culminate at Easter. A Committee on Education of the Ass·ociation of Evangelical series of tracts written by Puerto Ricans had been Churches shall organize in such a way as to make its secrepublished for wide distribution in this crusade. tary the officer in charge, without salary but with sufficient Judging from the crowded congregations we found expense budget to meet the immediate needs of this work. everywhere, and the overflowing Sunday schools, Protestants have no difficulty in getting a hearing 2. The appointment of a committee to formulate church for the evangelical message. Westopped for an standards which shall be recognized as a minimum of athour at a town where an interdenominational lay- tainment possible to every church. men's convention was in session. Among other activities, this organization has to its credit the 3. That the pastors take the initiative in protecting thp maintenance of regular evangelical preaching good name of the ministry by their own discipliIl'ary action. services over the air. 4. That the Association study the possibility of appoint- In the past two years a divisive movement has ing a minister to represent all denominations in work appeared on the island called the Defenders of the among students at the University of Puerto Rico. Faith, the leaders of which announced their willingness to cooperate with all Protestant bodies 5. That more attention be given to the evangelization of and not to organize separate churches. This pur- rural districts, and with more social service, since this is pose, however, was quickly changed and soon they the largest and most neglected part of Puerto Rico's popbegan to draw away disciples from the established ulation. denominations and to organize them in their own way. They use sensational methods in their wor- The conference learned with regret that the ship, such as public meetings for physical healing, island is not well supplied with Bibles and Testaclapping of hands, speaking with tongues, and ments, a sufficient stock rarely being available to other noisy demonstrations. These methods were meet the demands. There is great need of coltaken up by some of the weaker ministers in two porteur service to prosecute this most fundamental or three of the evangelical missions, and one mis- type of evangelism-placing the sacred Scriptures in the hands of the people.

Puerto Rico has made great strides in interde- nominational cooperation and in promoting the unity of the Spirit. It was generally recognized that if further progress is to be made it will be necessary to effect a similar efficient coordination of all the missionary agencies in the United States that are administering the work on the island.

FAMILY-THE THREE OLDER CHILDREN ARE IN THE MISSION

America's "Last Stronghold of Paganism"* , The Navajo Indians – the Largest Tribe in the United States I II!- -€I By REV. C. C. BROOKS, F",mington, N,w Mciro T HERE are many false impressions about the vation, a territory of thirteen million acres, located American Indians and their religion. Al- in northwestern New "Mexico and northeastern though I had been teaching for ten years in Arizona. We think they came into this part of the the Colorado State College of Agriculture, within United States in about 1300.

fifty miles of the Navajo reservation, I had no Originally the Navajoes were extremely hostile, conception of the great need of these people until living almost entirely by plundering and raiding God's call sent me into definite work for them. their more peaceful neighbors. They were still And now after six years of service, we are just causing a great deal of trouble when the United beginning to understand something of their vast States acquired this territory, but in 1863, after needs. a campaign of starving them out, they submitted To begin with, we of the white race must ac- to segregation in a small reservation in eastern cept the fact that we are all intruders. We have New Mexico. There they were supported by the taken from them the best of their land, leaving government, but became desperately homesick for them the waste places that will barely support a their desert fre~dom. The water made them sick, few sheep. No people as proud and independent they didn't understand the white man's food, even'

as the Navajo people could experience these things trying to eat the flour raw. Epidemics of influenza without deep resentment. The Navajoes are the and smallpox swept through them, taking many.

largest tribe of Indians in the United States, num- So after three years they begged the officials to let b, ering abo..ut 42,000, and live on the largest reser- them return to their former homes, promising • From The Moody Bible Institute Monthly, October, 1934. never again to break the peace. So faithfully have [226 ]

AMERICA'S "LAST STRONGHOLD OF PAGANISM"

they kept that promise that the government has reasons for this. First, their religion and cushad less trouble with the Navajoes since that time toms have a tremendous hold on them, and second, than with almost any other tribe. at no time has the majority of their children been in school. Many who go to school are not there The Navajoes' Independence long enough to get thoroughly acquainted with the white man's way, and when they return to their The government promised them a dole of ra- hogans, they lose what they have learned. tions or money, such as other tribes were receiving, but after discussing it in their tribal council, The Navajoes are by no means a vanishing race. they refused it stating that they wanted their In seventy years they have increased from 7,000 young men to earn their own living. They didn't to over 40,000, and that increase is still going on. want them pauperized. The wisdom of that choice Over and over they have outgrown their reser~ is apparent today, for while many tribes have been vation, and more of the arid desert land has been reduced to a mere shadow of their former inde- given them. Still they do not have enough grazpendence, the Navajoes are noted for their in- ing land for their sheep, but the emphasis today dustry and their freedom from dependence upon is not on assigning more dry land to them, but the white man. At that time the government bringing water to their present holdings so as to promised them education for their children, but increase their productiveness. There are few loat no time has the government kept that promise. calities where any crop-raising is possible, so that Today fully half of the children are not in school the only thing for them to do is to make their livbecause there are no schools for them. This is a ing from their sheep. Each family has its small subject of much bitterness to some of the educated flock, but since it takes an average of six acres to Navajoes today and they say, "We kept our prom- support one sheep, each family must have a large ise, and have never caused any trouble – why grazing territory. doesn't the United States Government keep its promise and give us schools for our children?" Community life is impossible. The hogans, or homes, are widely scattered over the reservation, In 1868 the Navajoes returned from their cap- with no more than from two to four in a camp. tivity; today, nearly seventy years later, we find The reservation averages about two square miles them in much the same conditions as then. They fDr every family, and the homes are scattered in live in their hogans, care for their sheep, hold about that way. The hogans are circular, onetheir ceremonials, enjoy their horseraces, as they room buildings made of rocks and adobe, with log have done for centuries. There are at least two roof and a hole in the center for the smoke (and OLDER MISSION SCHOOL GIRLS. THE ONE AT UPPER RIGHT IS THE GIRL ON PAGE 226

the evil-spirits) to escape. They have little furni- gods are two boys, twins, sons of the sun and the ture, but sleep on sheepskins and rugs on the dirt woman who lives on an island in the Pacific Ocean. floor. Among all their gods, she is the only one who is wholly good. The others all have some evil mixed Family Life and Health with them.

The Navajo men dress much as white men, ex- Medicine Men cept for the inevitable turquoise hanging from the ears or the hair to ward off evil spirits. But A former medicine man, now a native Christian women have a picturesque costume-tight velvet worker, told me that in their theology there is no blouse, full, long skirts, and many beads and silver good god so powerful as the evil gods, so the evil ornaments. must be constantly propitiated. They fear the spirit of the lightning, not as we fear lightning There is a strong bond of affection in the Nav- because of the harm it may do us, but because of ajo homes and a beautiful family loyalty. The the evil spirit behind the lightning. If lightning parents love their children, and on the whole are strikes a cornfield, the field must be "sung" over kind to them. The mother is the final authority, by a medicine man before the corn can be used. especially where the children are concerned. If it strikes a flock of sheep, the flock must be sung over before any of the sheep can be used. The Navajoes are more expressive than most If a Navajo is caught in a whirlwind, especially of the Indian tribes. They are proud, calling if it tears his blanket from him, he must have a therriselves Dineh, the people, and they feel they "sing" to ward off the evil spirit of the whirlwind. are superior to all tribes and races. They are not So he fears the spirit in the lightning, in the whirl- lazy and make excellent workmen in white men's wind, and in the hooting owl. The latter is a projects. They have a keen sense of humor, and spirit of some one departed, and if it continues like nothing better than to play a good joke. three nights in succession, he must move.

The diet of the Navajo family is meager. They But most of all the Navajo fears the spirits that have mutton from their sheep, and at the traders cause sickness and death. Death to him is not a they exchange wool, lambs and rugs for flour and trip to the happy hunting grounds. It is a terrible coffee. These three articles comprise almost the unknown adventure, so terrible that the word entire diet-mutton, fried dough, and coffee. No "death" is never mentioned unless it is absolutely -wonder the children who come are undernour- necessary. ished. Of late years tuberculosis has been mak- ing inroads in spite of their living in a high, dry, In order to heal a sick person, the spirit causing sunny climate. One of our immediate needs is a the trouble must be propitiated, not by sacrifice, hospital cottage with a nurse to care for at least such as is common among most pagan peoples, but our own boys and girls. by the ceremonies held by the medicine men. Dur- ing the day the gods are somewhere in the sky, but False Ideas of Their Religion during the night they come down to see what the people are doing. Therefore the ceremonies are Most serious of all the false impressions regard- held at night, and just at dawn the final prayer is ing Indians is that their religion is beautiful and made facing the gods who are assembled in the sufficient. Nothing could be farther from the east preparatory to returning to the sky. truth. The religion of the Navajoes has been spoken of by one of our Indian Commissioners as The medicine men are well acquainted with a "the last stronghold of paganism in America." number of healing herbs on the reservation. – They Here is a nation of over 40,000 people, with less have one herb which is a powerful emetic, .another than 500 of them Christian. Every seventh man a laxative, one which is a tonic, and they k.;now an is a paEan medicine man and theii hold upon the herb which, when properly prepared, acts as a peopleS is still so strong and <thristian mission local anesthetic. But when the sickness is such work so inadequate, that even now paganism is that these simple remedies cannot help, then only increasing among these people- more rapidly than suffering and sorrow result. Christianity! To many people these ceremonies are merely When white people speak of the religion of the expressions of a primitive faith, and are artistic, red man, they think of the Great Spirit, one benefi- but we know them from another standpoint. Lucy cent, all-powerful God, to whom the Indians pray Weston, a fifteen-year-old girl, had, been in school and upon whom they-(epend. When white people since she was seven. She was quiet, but depend- speak of the Indians' heaven, they call it the able. It did not appear until the latter part of "happy hunting grounds," to which the Indians the·last school year that she had a heart condition are all eager to go. That terminology certainly that would make it impossible for her ever to be did not come from the Navajo Indians! They do strong. We didn't want her to go home, but home not have one all-powerful God, but many whom ties are just as binding with these children as if they fear and to whom they pray. Their chief

medicine men still pass it on unchanged to the people. But the medicine men are not always so sure. Listen to old Hosteen Natani, the medicine man high in the esteem of his people as he speaks to a native Christian after a conversation lasting far into the night: "Yes, Neskahi, we admit it. You have a Book in which the truth is written down, and it does not change. We have only the words of our gods as they were spoken to our fathers long ago. It may be they have been changed in the many tellings. We cannot be sure."

It took great courage for the old man to admit the possibility of error in the teaching that had meant all of life and living to him. and his fathers before him. But he had lived long, had suffered greatly, had thought deeply in the long, lonely hours of his desert wanderings, and had come to realize how unsatisfying were the dry husks of his superstitious beliefs. Somehow in the fresh faith of his young friend, Neskahi, and in the words of his Book, thf' old man dimly saw the pos- A NAVAJO HEATHEN MOTHER WITH HER BABY their homes were palaces, and she felt she must A NAVAJO CHRISTIAN MOTHER WITH HER BABY go. She promised she would rest and take care of herself. We sent word to the parents that she sible realization of the unchanging truth for which must have care. But they, in the blindness and he'had so long sought. darkness of paganism, went to the medicine men. Words of Hope These fellows got all the information they could and then diagnosed the case like this: Lucy had Some of the boys and girls in the mission and been swinging in a, swing at school, had fallen out, government schools where missionaries are workand the fall had broken her heart. Of course if ing, and a few of the older people in the camps, they were paid enough, they could heal her. So are receiving the message of the Gospel of Jesus the parents, willing to make any sacrifice for the Christ, and their lives are being transformed by girl, arranged for ceremony after ceremony, ex- His grace. We have at Farmington a Methodist citing the child and gradually wearing out her Mission school for 90 Navajo children. Most of little remaining strength. We went out to try to get her. She was poor and weak, but they wouldn't let her go. Their fear of the devils and of the medicine men blinded their eyes still. In two or three weeks word came that Lucy had died-free from the suffering that she must have borne as long as she lived. When the report of her last words came to us, we rejoiced. She said to her friends and parents, "I wish I had gone back to the mission with Mr. Brooks. Tell the boys and girls to keep the faith that we found at the mission school."

I am not talking about Africa, or Burma or China, but about a pagan nation in the heart of Christian America! There are hundreds of Christian churches within a day's drive of this reservation, yet there are now at least 20,000 more pagan Indians here than when the Protestant missionaries first came to them! The people are groping in darkness, seeking the light but not knowing where to find it! They believe that the gods spoke the truth to their people years ago, and that the

our children come from within fifty miles of the are the homes of the gods, but they never see their school, but there are so many children in this sec- gods. They also worship the sun and moon; they tion and so few schools, that we could easily have believe in all these things. 400 if we had room. "When a person is sick, the only way they can We have the eight elementary grades and have find out the cause of the sickness is to have a perjust begun our first year of high school. The son know how to shake his hand. While the perfour-year high school course which we shall de- son is shaking his hand he prays or sings to the velop will aim to give intensive vocational and gods. When he gets the thought he tells the whole Christian training and mature these young peo- family that a certain god has caused the trouble, ple so that when they return to their homes they or that a certain medicine man will heal the sick will be able to stand out for Christ in the face of one. Then they call in the medicine man. When opposition and persecution. Thus will be pro- he opens his medicine bags he takes out all kinds vided the leadership so greatly needed by this of medicines. Some of the medicines are made group of Indians so retarded in their development. out of certain kinds of bushes, leaves, or certain birds' feathers. He sings four days from morning An Indian Boy's Testimony till noon, and again in the evening. On the fourth day he paints the sick person all kinds of colors. One of the members of the school basket-ball He also makes a sand painting of his god's picture. team, on a tour in Western Colorado, recently Then they sing all night of the last night. He gets gave the following testimony as to "The Indians' his.paythe next morning, which is usually a horse, Need of Christ." some sheep, jewelry and money. In fact the medi- cine man gets much of the Navajo's living. "All people are religious. Before we know the true religion we make up religions of our own. "The only way to ever break the power of this The Navajo worships all kinds of gods; we never superstition is to take Christ to these people. That could name all of them. They say that certain is what we are getting ready to do at the Navajo mountains and animals and birds are sacred. They Mission." say that certain places on the high mountain tops CHINESE MORAL MAXIMS Laziness never filled a rice bowl.

In the beginning all things are difficult.

Give heed to all you are told, and say little; it is the good listener who learns well.

Good iron is not worked in making nails, nor good men in making soldiers.

There is no merit worthy of boasting. It is better to remain ignorant than to know what is incorrect.

At birth men are by nature good of heart.

Knowledge is given that men may learn to live, not to win fortune.

If a man's affairs are to prosper it is simply a matter of purpose.

No hardship lasts forever.

Character is made by rising above one's misfortunes.

No man can rule the unruly until he first rules himself.

The shallow teapot does the most spouting, and boils dry most quickly.

He who rides a tiger cannot dismount when he pleases.

Medicines are bitter in the mouth but they cure sickness. .

In the course of time men's motives may be seen.

Every artist thinks himself a genius until he offers his work for sale.

The fool spends his time in seeking gain without labor. The princely man is tolerant of other men's weak~ess.. .

Disease enters by way of the mouth, and most men s troubles come out of It.

The monkey looks in the mirror and wonders at the charm of his own reflection.

The superior man finds pleasure in doing what is uncongenial.

One must first scale the mountain in order to view the plain. . -From "Young Fu of the Upper Yangtze," by ELIZABETH LEWIS.

Persecution in

A Letter from the REV. T. DOWHALUK, Kolomya* 15— Secretary of the Executive a1ld Missionary Committee of the Reformed Church T HE Ukrainian Evangelical work in Volhynia in Riwno feared the strong Evangelical movement is progressing most encouragingly in a new in Volhynia, and told the police that the Ukrainian territory. Evangelical services are being held Evangelical movement is not purely religious, but in four fields-in Olexandria, Kustyn, Riwno and political. At the same time chauvinistic press- Mychaylivka-where we have the opportunity to the Polish Daily Illustrated Kurier, the Daily Warpreach the Word of God to soul-hungry people. saw Kurier, and the Russian Orthodox Word at- From various other places we receive invitations tacked our movemjnt. to preach the Gospel for there is a real spiritual No wonder that the authorities took a hostile awakening in Volhynia. People flock to hear attitude. From the very beginning of our mission the evangelical message, sing Christian hymns work in Olexandria in Volhynia, Rev. Thodor Seand worship God in sincerity and in truth. Our meniuk has been dragged to police headquarters youths are greatly impressed and many walk miles where he was abused and the people of' his mission were threatened by the arrest. on foot to take part in the services. But where God is at work, there the devil does Last September our Ukrainian Evangelical not sleep. He is gathering his legions in an effort work was started in the village of Kustyn. Acto keep the people in a spiritual darkness, super- cording to the law it is required that the house where the service is to be held must be reported stition and sin. The Ukrainian Evangelical move- to the starost (bailiff) asking him for permission. ment in Volhynia first greatly alarmed the Ortho- This was done but the starost, instead of giving dox Russian priests who are nationally foreign to the permission, sent the chief of police (who pre- Ukrainians and are of Moscovite spirit. They viously to that had been .drinking), to· the old are opposed to the cultural and national development of our people, and are more politicians than woman who rented her house to us for the servthe servants of Christ. They are fighting against ices. He brought her late at night to the justice the use of the Ukrainian language in the Orthodox of the village, terrorized her, and tried to persuade Church liturgy, and it is not strange that the peo- her not to let her house for the Evangelical ple regard the priests as slothful shepherds who services. love not the souls of the people. These Orthodox priests are fiercely persecuting the Evangelical In October, when Rev. T. Dowhaluk and T. movement – thundering from their pulpits the Semeniuk were visiting the people in Mezericze, the police followed them and terrorized the peo- most offensive expressions, scolding the mission- ple they visited. Two of our missionaries, Messrs. aries and worshipers, even seeking to chase the Dowhaluk and Semeniuk and Mr. Cresiuk, music director, were arrested. The police searched their evangelicals away from their villages. At present in Volhynia the relations between the homes, looking for illegal literature. They found Polish Government and the Ukrainian national nothing illegal but took personal letters, sermons and temperance literature. These men were locked independent movement is under a serious strain in small, filthy prison cells for 24 hours, under a so that it is easy falsely to denounce the mission- strict guard. The police treated them very roughly aries as hostile to the Government. The priests and threatened to send them to Bereza Kartuzka tell the police that our people are carrying on a (an isolated place). Then they were taken to the revolutionary movement under the pretex of re- police headquarters, handcuffed, and under the ligion. escort of the police, walked on foot about 12 There is a group of people here in Volhynia who (American) miles in rainy and cold weather. call themselves Evangelical Christians; others They were purposely led through Olexandria and call them "Stundists" or "Baptists." They use Kustyn where they were working as missionaries, the Russian language so that the more intelligent are leaving them to join our Evangelical Reformed in order to terrorize the Evangelical adherents. Church. The leader of the Evangelical Christians The Orthodox priests threatened the people that if they dared to join our movement they would • This letter was sent by Rev. M. L. Buchak of Lwow, ul Jak, be likewise handcuffed and jailed. Poland; he is a Presbyterian minister, a graduate of the Theological Seminary in Bloomfield, New Jersey. In Riwno our arrested brethren were brought [231 ]

to the police station for the investigation. They prison cells, believing that God will turn this per- secution for our good and the advancement of His were searched and put in different cells and were Kingdom. After the release of our missionaries a service was held in the village of Kustyn, where not even allowed to read the Bible. Into the cell Pastor Zurakowsky, Mr. Dowhaluk and Mr. Se- meniuk preached to large audiences, encouraging of Brother Semeniuk they placed a drunkard and them to "stand fast in one spirit, with one soul striving for the faith of the GospeL" a spy. In the cell of Mr. Cresiuk they threw a The following night, twelve people who attended drunken prostitute. The missionaries were the service were arrested and taken to Olexandria. Thus persecution for attending Evangelical servcharged with forcing the people to become Evan- ices is still continuing but we believe that the liv- ing Word of God, cannot be chained and we ask gelical, stirring up a revolt and being a menace our brethren and sisters in Christ here and across the ocean to pray for the Cause of Christ in to peace. On the intervention of the Polish Re- Volhynia.

formed Consistory in Warsaw, they were finally released with the threat that they would be sent to the prosecutor. .

Under such strenuous persecution we have to work in Christ's vineyard in Volhynia, but our brethren there are ready to suffer for the great Cause. They prayed and sang hymns in these Will the Jews Become Christian?* -<!III By JOHN STUART CONNING, D.D. II~ JEWISH leaders have but one answer. It is an Yet, in spite of all that may be said, Christians emphatic categorical negative. No authorita- have never lost the vision of a day when Christ's tive Jew is prepared to admit the possibility own people will come under His sway with an unof a change of allegiance on the part of his people exampled devotion and courage, and that that day from Moses to Jesus. The attitude of many Jews will be the beginning of the most glorious era in may have changed from violent antagonism to the history of this ancient and highly gifted peo- appreciation and esteem, but all Jews are one in ple. Christians have their own good reasons for refusing to acknowledge the Christian claims for cherishing an unwavering faith in the redemption Christ as Saviour and Lord. In their thinking of Israel. That faith rests ultimately upon the Jesus is confined within the ordinary limits of declared purpose of God. It is in the divine mind, Jewish mental and spiritual life. He was entirely as the Apostle Paul has expressed it, that "all Is- human and mortal. Rabbi Trattner declares: rael shall be saved." And what is in the mind of "The divinity of Jesus-by which is meant his God should be firmly fixed in the mind of His peo- deityship-will always strike the Jew as illogical. ple, for "the gifts and calling of God are without It was Heinrich Heine, I believe, who said that repentance."

it would be forever impossible for Israel to em- But the faith of Christians in the ultimate brace Christianity, for no other reason than the gathering of Jews into the Christian fold finds its utter impossibility of one Jew to believe that an- support in various other directions. Jesus belongs other Jew was divine." to the Jews in an especial sense. He was a Jew in all the circumstances of His earthly life, in His Jews call attention to the fact that while Chris- modes of.thought, and in the terms with which He tianity has won race after race to faith in Jesus, clothed His teaching: Jews should best underit has made no extensive impression upon the Jew- stand Him. Besides, Jews cannot forever remain ish people. They claim moreover that Judaism is blind to those spiritual qualities in the character in every way better adapted to meet the spiritual of Jesus which have won for Him the devotion needs of the Jew than Christianity; it is the out- and adoration -of mankind. Indeed, an increasing growth of their own history and experience. And number of broadminded Jews render tribute to J~ws do not hesitate to say that the long centuries the surpassing greatness of Jesus. Albert Einof wrongs suffered by their people at the hands stein, the noted physicist, says: "I am a Jew, but of individuals and nations who have professed the I am enthralled by the luminous figure of the Naz- Christian faith have made wounds deeper and arene." And, when asked if he accepted the hismore obstinate than time knows how to heal.

* From Our Jewish Neighbors. torical existence of Jesus, which some Jews have

WILL THE JEWS BECOME CHRISTIAN?

denied, declared: "Unquestionably! No one can Christ. Jewish leaders are prone to speak dispar- agingly of the quality in personal worth of those read the Gospels without feeling the actual pres- of their people who have come under the sway of Christ. Max Brod, the well known Jewish author, ence of Jesus. His personality pulsates in every however, has this to say: word. No myth is filled with such life." "I am constantly amazed at the naivete of our teachers and leaders who are surprised when I It would be easy to quote many pages of like tell them that the best of our youth, our intellec- tuals, become Christians out of conviction. Our utterances from eminent Jews of our own genera- 'leaders' do not believe it. To them a Jew never becomes a Christian unless he wants to better his tion who have seen in Jesus more than their breth- position. That Christianity has drawn to itself such noble souls as Pascal, Novalis, Kirkegaard, ren have seen. Is it incredible that all Jews will Amiel, Dostojewsky, Claudel, etc., etc., and that it exercises a most overwhelming influence on the come to recognize in Him not only the One who most earnest truth-seekers among us-of that our teachers know nothing." fulfills the expectations of the ancient prophets, All who are concerned for the extension of but the hopes and aspirations of humanity? Will Christ's cause among the Jews are well aware of the many hindrances in the way of their evan- Jews remain forever blind to the glory in the gelization – the traditional attitude of Jews to Christianity, racial loyalty, their sense of mission person of Jesus which has led the noblest spirits as a "chosen people." Christianity's seeming con- flict with Judaism's central doctrine of the unity of all the, Christian centuries to adore Him with of God; Jewish nationalism, and many more. But, without doubt, the chief hindrances have been reverence and exultation as Saviour and Lord? indifference and racial prejudice within the Church, and the ill-will and ill-treatment of those It was a Jew-Constantin von Brunner-who who have borne the Christian name. Indifference has never sent a single Gospel messenger to the said: "What is this? Is it only the Jew who is un- Jews, and anti-Semitism, whether in Europe or America, effectually hides the face of Christ from able to see and hear all that others see and hear? His own people.

Are the Jews stricken with blindness and deafness But better days are on the way. The Christian as regards Christ, so that to them only He has conscience, as we see it so happily illustrated among the evangelical Christians of Germany tonothing to say? Is it of no importance to us Jews? day, refuses to deny Christ by hatred of His peo- Understand, then, what we shall do: we shall ple. Anti-semitism cannot live in any heart where the spirit of Christ reigns. As Christians become bring Him back to us. Christ is not dead for us more truly Christian in their attitudes to the Jews -for He has not yet lived; and He will not slay and in their contacts with them they will catch us, He will make us alive again. His profound fuller glimpses of those qualities in Jesus which declare Him to be the Son of God. As it is, an inand holy words, and all that is true and heart- creasing number of Jews are coming under the spell of His matchless personality. They are appealing in the New Testament, must from now meeting Him at every turn. He is inescapable. That the Jews will become Christian we cannot on be heard in our synagogues and taught to our doubt. Behind this inspiring hope are the sure promises of God. The time of waiting has been children, in order that the wrong we have com- long, but there are everywhere signs of quicken- ing and upheaval. Over all the areas of Jewish . mitte,d may be made good, the curse turned into life a new spirit is moving. Faith sees the tokens of the promised day. a blessing, and that He at last may find us who has always been seeking after us."

Will Jews become Christians? This is simple to ask, Will the eyes of Jews open to the light?

Will the minds of Jews respond to truth? Will their conscience react to moral perfection? Will their resthetic nature recognize divine beauty?

Will their spirit quicken at the touch of the Spirit of God? Christ is God's answer to the whole world's need; He is the only answer to the needs of the Jew. And so long as the heart of man cries out for God, for deliverance from sin, for spiritual satisfaction, for hope beyond, so long will the appeal of Christ to the Jew be alluring and com- pelling. , There has been no period since Christianity be- gan when Jews, who have seen Jesus as He is, have not rendered homage to Him as the Christ of God. The total number is far greater than is generally known to Christians or that Jews are prepared to admit. But Arthur Ruppin does not hesitate to say that the number of Jews in the world today would be vastly greater but for the large numbers who have accepted the faith of _____ ——-~.~~~.H.~-

Danger of Compromise with Non–

Christian Religions -efi By MRS. J. N. ANDERSON I For Seven Years a Missionary in China THE real stumbling stone in the way of the tion is being asked by missionaries in the foreign acceptance of Christ by non-Christian peoples field and by Christian leaders in the homelands. lies in the Cross. The character of the his- The question is being forced into the forefront by torical Jesus is universally admired, and His high the Laymen's Appraisal Report and by the indiethical standards and spiritual teacpings, so genous church movement on the mission fields. adaptable to human needs, are everywhere highly The feeling of leaders in the Chinese Church was commended. The conscious need for some super- expressed by Chingting T. Wang in an article on human power to provide material and spiritual "The Importance of Making Christianity Indighelp is generally expressed in religious myth, fa- enous," taking up the lack of capable leadership.

ble and legend. Upon His ability to meet this need He says, "The most serious mistake in the mis- Jesus Christ based His claim to universal accept- sionary propaganda in China is that in the Nineance of His divine mission. teenth Century the missionaries had a wrong conception of the moral and intellectual strength Christianity recognizes sin and its penalty. Je- of the Chinese. Their policy was to train Chinese sus Christ meets man lost and offers salvation. workers to be their assistants. There was no Human free will is recognized and the benefits of systematic effort to prepare Christian workers to Christ's gifts are offered to all alike. The claims take the places of the missionaries …… A plant of Christianity are unique. It does not claim to when young may need the protecting care of the be of the same brand as non-Christian religions, nursery, but no tree could attain its full growth differing only in degree. Christ claims to offer not one of many ways of salvation but The Way. by being constantly kept in it." God does not seek a supreme place among gods, The idea of Christianity, falling like seed into but claims that all other gods are nothing and that He must have the supreme place in the hearts of native soil and springing up to reproduce itself, men. For the non-Christian, religion consists of is ideal. This is the hope of all missionaries, but prayers, rituals, ceremonies, and customs. Ac- there is difference of opinion as to the conditions' cording to them man works out his salvation apart most favorable for healthy growth. from consciousness of God working within. Christ sets forth life by faith in the Son of God, recon- There are two extremes of opinion as to the relationship of Christianity to non-Christian re- ligions. Rev. S. L. Thompson says: ciliation with God by the death of Christ and more There have been two views on this subject since the days salvation by His life. of origin.

At this vital point the non-Christian hesitates. 1. Extremists on one side emphasize the truth that Christ, the Son of God, becomes to him a stone of Christianity gathers up all that is true and spiritual in other religions ……that it is a long line of religious stumbling. Many men are able to appreciate the evolution.' They urge that we should endeavor to assimethics of Christian teaching, will endorse its social ilate as much as possible of the doctrines, literature, rites, standards, and may even be willing to embrace and atmosphere of each of the great religions and that one some of the outward forms in which Christianity ideal should always be to generate and foster an indig- enous Christianity. has found expression, but when he has proceeded as far as reason and intellect can carry, there he 2. Extremists on the other side point out the necessity waits, only half persuaded. that the Christian should oppose absolutely any system which allows idolatry, polytheism and degrading customs. It is at this point, also, that the Christian mis- These urge that while the infant Christian Church is sur- rounded by non-Christian atmosphere, there is great dan-. sionary is perplexed and sometimes is tempted. ger of such things creeping into the Church and making Before him are spread the kingdoms of the non- it little better than the religion it displaces ……If Chris- Christian world but the price of winning them tians do not make much difference non-Christians seem seems to be compromise. How far may Christians justified in saying there is no difference.

go in seeking to bridge the chasm between the Between these two extremes all varieties of Christian and non-Christian religions? This ques- OpInIOn prevail, and missionaries as well as lay [234 ] thinkers and scholars are found at either extreme. time refining a civilization, retaining what is good Some missionaries, in the effort to appreciate non- and transforming what is evil. There have been, Christian religions have even entered so fully into in some cases, attempts to impose non-essential the spirit of these systems as to have lost sight of ceremonial and ritualistic practices upon newly any real or vital distinction between these and converted peoples. There has also been a tendency Christianity. A few have fully endorsed some on the part of some missionaries to condemn as non-Christian faith, while others have surrend- idolatrous some existing practices which as a matered their missionary commission and devoted ter of fact, could be turned into good account if themselves purely to humanitarian political or they were properly interpreted. In China the visscientific activities. iting of the tombs of ancestors in the spring of each year has been condemned as idolatrous. It is The First Shock true that this ancient custom has been accompa- nied by feasts and burning of paper money to the The new missionary, fresh from his preparatory departed, but it is essentially a token of respect work and full of devotion to his faith is usually and devotion to the departed loved ones. It may surprised and shocked by most of what he sees be compared with the western custom of decoratand hears connected with non-Christian religions. ing graves with flowers and there seems no reason Poverty and disease, suffering and superstition why the practice should be condemned as heathen, abound; immorality is more open and is often though the form should be modified. The national connected with religion. While much that is only custom of the worship of Confucius might be peculiar to a people goes to fill in the detail of the changed to imply only honor to a good man. missionary's mental picture of "men benighted," everything is viewed in contrast to Christian faith Ethnic religions are so interwoven with nationand practice. In time these lines of contrast are al ceremonies and festivals that it is almost imapt to fade, as the missionary becomes accustomed possible to separate from them the idea of relito his environment. He begins to seek for avenues gious worship. The gods are so interwoven with of approach to the people and discovers much the web and woof of traditional customs that the worthy of commendation. If his lot be among the disentanglement of those features which may con- Chinese he finds most of them sober, serious, hon- tribute to effective garbing of Christ in forms est and trustworthy, in character. In habit they suited to Chinese taste requires great discriminaare temperate, frugal, and industrious. Socially tion. they are sympathetic and hospitable; intellectually equal to those of any race. In India, one may Demonstration of Christian Example discover examples of "God-implanted goodness in the midst of evil" and in some an enviable spirit- In dealing with the Oriental mind a missionary uality and saintliness of soul in spite of environ- must resist the temptation to wrestle with flesh ment. At the same time the painful short-comings and blood and must remember that a concrete demof Christians are obvious. As a result a mission- onstration of his Christian life and faith is more ary begins to think in terms of comparison instead convincing than argument. The Kingdom of of contrast. In -an isolated station he sometimes Christ can never be advanced by falsehood or becomes externally in a degree like the people throwing mud at other religions. Our very presamong whom he lives and in other ways he may ence puts the people under a measure of constraint be influenced by long association. The native and our own very different education gives color church also has, at times, a tendency actually to to our best interpretations. The best test of truth carryover into Christianity-in literature, art is the process recommended by Jesus: "By their and customs-certain pantheistic and non-moral fruits ye shall know them." Missions of the nineinfluences contrary to Christ and unfriendly to the teenth and twentieth .centuries are not the first life of the Church. The essential policy of modern attempts of the Christian Church to comply with Hinduism toward Christianity is today a policy the command of her Lord to go "into all the world of absorption rather than of opposition. The easy and make disciples of all nations." Remarkable going disposition of the average Indian tolerates success attended the missionary enterprise of the the lowest forms of idolatrous practices and devil Apostolic Church. In conflict with non-Christian worship, side by side with worship in Brahmin religions the influence of Christianity declined, at temples. "What does it matter since all is illu- the zenith of power, because of compromise with sion," he says. Such doctrines sometimes para- these other religions. In the history of the sevlyze the effort and weaken the conscience of In- enth, eighth, and ninth centuries we read also of dian Christians who are exposed to such an at- "the failure of early Christian missions to China," mosphere. when early Nestorian missions had burst forth on Chinese soil like a spring from which flowed a The Christian religion is capable of adapting stream of Christian truth. But the stream lost itself to changing environment, but at the same itself in the incoming flood of Buddhism as the

pure waters of Christian faith mingled with the a white candle at his father's grave. But this eftide. fort to establish a State religion failed; for the very basis and core of it is the worship of ances- The present-day missionary and the Church tors. may seek comfort from the thought that our mission is not to separate the wheat from the tares, In India the Christian may acknowledge that it is enough that we be as our Lord who declared Hinduism and Buddhism use terms similar to that He was sent not to condemn the world but those employed to set forth Christian doctrines that through Him the world may have Life. But and experience. But these features are in no way should the Christian make any compromise in his comparable with the incarnation of God in Jesus appreciation of non-Christian religion ? We be- of Nazareth or with the reincarnation through lieve that we may safely appreciate all that is not the Spirit in the soul born again. No Buddhist opposed to the truth and spirit of Christ and we believes that the righteousness of Gautama Budmay freely acknowledge that the teachings of dha is either imputed or imparted to him or that Confucius regarding man's duty to the State the self-mastery and spiritual elevation of the forms a basis of good citizenship. His teaching Founder is in any way communicated to his folrespecting the relation of man to man have also lowers. At best, the pious Buddhist of Ceylon and produced social equality, political democracy and Burma admits that he does not know what if any fraternal relations which are admirable in the benefit, other than its subjective influence, comes eyes of men nurtured in western democracy. To from prayer to Buddha. the influence of Confucius we must attribute all that is best in the Chinese character and state. By Writing on "Our Attitude Towards Hinduism, an edict of the Chinese Government in 1907 the Dr. S. L. Thompson, says: rank of Confucius in the Chinese pantheon was raised to the first rank and the same sacrifices "Comparative religion treats all religion as of were ordered made to his spirit as to the Most the same kind and as differing only in degree, High. How far may a Christian be ready to go whereas the claim of the Christian is that Christ in prostrations, burning of incense, and other and His Gospel are sui generis and unique. Many acts conforming to the customary ritual of wor- arguments used in favor of assimilating as much ship and be sure that he is only paying the honor as possible of the atmosphere and literature of due a great and noble man? So eminent a mis- Hinduism are antagonistic· to this claim and lead sionary to China as Bishop Maule has said: "The to the conclusion that every race should be left to State church has none but a purely patriarchial its own ancestral religion, purified or supplepriesthood, the ruler officiating for his great fam- mented so as to produce an eclectic and man-made ily, the Viceroy or Governor for his smaller pro- product. We admit that every race should approvincial family, and so on downwards till we find priate and express the Christian faith in its own the head of the humblest peasant home lighting way, but it is necessary to emphasize that we have no right to reduce or imperil the supremacy of the Christian faith.

"HELP US GROW"-A PLEA FROM YOUTH These verses were used in a Young Women's World·Wide Guild and voice the desire of earnest young people to be given more responsibility and freedom by the older members of the church.

We are come today with a simple plea, As worth-while girls of the World-Wide Guild, We girls of the World-Wide Guild. Weare pledged to Christ's service and love; We are asking that you will help us lay Small bits to be. shaped by the Master's hand, The foundation on which we may build. And prepared for His Kingdom above.

From the wisdom and strength of your greater years, But our feet are unused on the narrow way, We seek inspiration to gain; And perchance we may stumble in fear.

How we best may plan a life worth while What a wonderful help and comfort 'twill be Where joy and service remain. To feel that you care and are near.

We ask the prayers of your loyal hearts Now we're planning great things that we're ready to do, To strengthen us where we are weak. We're alive, and we mean to grow! We need now and then the encouraging words It may be your pleasure to speak. But it helps a "wee plant" to be tended with care!

No doubt at times your patience we tax And that's wnere you will come in, you know. By the faults and follies of youth; For mothers, missionaries, deacons and dads But remember, also, our eyes are on you! And we're searching for honor and truth. Are just girls and boys grown tall, Perhaps if someone had not helped you to grow, You might not have been here at all!

Indianapoli..~, Indiana. NELLIE C. HART.

the Mapuches of

By WILLIAM M. STRONG, Jr., Coihueco, Chile Missionary of Soldiers' Gospel Mission "MAPUCHE"-peoPle of the land, as they call themselves,-or "Huincas"-thieves, as others call them-indicate their char- acter and give their history, duplicated in that of practically every red tribe of the Western Hemi- sphere. These people live in southern Chile and are almost entirely untouched by the Gospel.

The Mapuche ( or Araucanian), in many ways resembles the North American Indian, much more so than most South American tribes.

Though the Mapuches seem to have been at one time tributary to the Incas, to whom they were indebted for much knowledge in handicraft and agriculture, they successfully maintained their independence, in spite of Spain's numerous ef- forts to subdue them. Ercilla's "La Araucana,"

possibly the greatest poem in the Spanish lan- guage, was inspired by their fearless and uncon- querable nature, while Chilean history abounds in the heroic exploits of many Indian leaders. Even since the independence of Chile was established her history has included a series of Mapuche up- risings and massacres, which continued until com- paratively recent times. Chile's efforts to "decen- tralize" them, by intersper:singtheir territory with European colonists, has resulted in much blood- shed. In every other South American country, people with Indian blood are looked down upon; but a Chilean is justly proud that Mapuche blood flows in his veins.

Scattered over a sixty-mile radius, with center at Temuco, the Mapuches of today number ap- proximately one hundred thousand, living on small reserves with either communal or private land. Though peacefully engaged in tilling the soil, the Mapuche retains much of the independ- ence and haughtiness of his forebears. This part- A MAPUCHE INDIAN PAPOOSE}-CHILE ly explains his being practically impervious to modern civilization, in spite of the fact that many having had at least a cup of miirque (flour made live just outside city limits. Thi& aloofness in- from toasted wheat) with water. They make fast eludes a retention of dress, customs, language and friends when one is once assured of the sincerity religion, and explains his homespun clothes. Salt, of the "huinca." Their daily life reminds us of sugar and verba mate are the only articles of his the Old Testament patriarchs.

food not raised on his own land. The man's work is limited to the farm, and as The Mapuches are a most likeable people, once a rule the farmer is not as industrious as the wife, the veneer of suspicion has been penetrated. They who is never idle, even in the winter months when are very simple-hearted, and most hospitable, even she works at her spindle and weaving frame. The more so than the Chilean, who is well known for children are a big help, even the very small ones this trait. Even the poorest of these Indians offer taking care of the sheep and pigs, keeping them the best they have to the visitor, never allowing out of the wheat (fences being practically un- anyone to leave their thatch-roofed ruca without known), and in the worst weather may be seen [237 ]

squatting patiently near a flock of sheep. The points, which are supposed to be primarily for parents are kind to their children, and when still babies, certain oxen or sheep or pigs are set apart the Mapuche, but these have done little to influfor that child, so that the young man may have something to start him off in business. ence the Mapuche in favor of Christianity. The The great curse among them is drunkenness, Roman Catholics generally do almost nothing unwhich accounts for much of the degeneracy and laziness among the men. This intemperance keeps less spurred on by competition from Evangelical them in their present condition, barely existing from one year to the next, as the new wheat crop workers. is already "sold" to the saloon-keeper a month or two after the last harvest. Almost forty years ago, the Church of England, Many of the chiefs (casiques) have more than through its South American Missionary Society, one wife, but they are far more faithful to them than is the average Chilean. Naturally these peo- began work among the Mapuches. Finding them ple know no such moral standards as God has revealed in His Word. They have, however, a far to be a rural population, they felt that they could purer conception of God than most primitive peoples. Some of their religious ceremonies, in spite best reach the people through establishment of of the great amount of superstitions included~ remarkably resemble the Tabernacle days of the boarding schools at stretegic points. This was Children of Israel, and seem to show that somewhere way back in their history their forefathers done in order to gather, for four or five years, knew God. Their ngillatun (prayer meeting) is the one ceremony they still maintain and is mainly some of the younger generation, placing them in to ask God's blessing on their crops. They kill a lamb and have a blood-sprinkling ceremony, after a definitely Christian environment, and through which they ride about on horseback to chase away the evil spirits. Other community gatherings are these to reach the people of their reserves. Today mostly limited to weddings, funerals and housebuilding bees. they have three fine schools for both boys and Their machi (doctor) is generally a woman; girls, besides medical dispensaries, capably manbut when a man, wears a woman's costume. Chile is rich in herb remedies and when a machi has a aged, and do much to counteract superstition. At good knowledge of herbs, he may become wellknown as a doctor; but the maj ority of them rely one of these points the missionary in charge, once more on the beating of their drum and weird chants to banish the evil spirit. They are known a month calls together all the ex-students who now to extort large fees for their services-a sheep, and sometimes an ox-but generally are worse are in charge of rural schools in the outlying disthan useless in relieving pain and sickness. One of the worst dins I ever heard was when passing tricts, and for a day or so they discuss problems a machi's ruca near Galvarino where two other machis were drumming and chanting to relieve encountered. On Sundays, these rural schools are the sick one. visited from the central station and services are Outside of baptizing their children, the Roman Catholic church has had little influence on the held by teachers or missionaries; in this way the Mapuches. The priests have persuaded them to introduce a few Roman ceremonies into some Lord has extended His witness, and many lives of their religious practices, and to celebrate a few Roman feast days with horse-racing and grand have been changed through the power of the Gosdrinking sprees. The German Capuchin monks have a number of schools situated at different pel, both in outlying districts, and among pupils in the main schools. In districts where missionary workers have been unable to visit at all, or where they have only visited spasmodically, the children many times have gone back to their former life.

Realizing this lack of itineration and evangelistic work, this past year one of their young mission- aries has begun living in an ox-drawn "covered- wagon" (or house on wheels) and plans to spend a week or so at a time at each reservation. This should prove an effective way of reaching the people.

Mapuche territory is large and much is as yet practically untouched for Christ. Some native Chilean Protestant churches are now becoming interested in the Mapuches and have begun schools on a small scale. .

The most effective means of bringing real re- sults is through prayer and Spirit-filled Christians who give themselves whole-heartedly to the one purpose of presenting Christ to them. He is the one remedy for all the Mapuche's ills, as well as for every human problem the world over. In the meantime Satan works overtime while Christians sleep.

——–~.-.~-.-.——–

Ways of

'rested Methods for Increasing Interest at Home s. EDITED BY MRS. ESTELLA AITCHISON, GRANVILLE, OHIO ~,=-o.========~==I~ SCANNING NEW HORIZONS Change is not a thing of merit in have the Sunday school and the itself; but religion is under the other subsidiary organizations, New Year's Day in the cal- same fundamental laws as the adopted a definite course of misendar may fall on January 1, but rest of the universe: and one of sionary reading each year-prefin substance and significance the those laws is that of advance (or erably along the lines of the new church year begins in Sep- decadence) ; of giving new form United Study Course topics? tember and around that month and fresh expression to change- Plans for such reading have been gather the plans and the inspira- less ideals; of utilizing improved given in this Department from tion for a fresh start. Wide- methods as a means of attaining time to time; another, used by awake navigators, all the way paramount ends. the Congregational – Christian from pastors to primary Sunday churches, is des c rib e d this school superintendents, should How do you sense these new month. Almost all the denomconserve the values of summer trends and methods? Are you inations can furnish plans and time – its additional leisure, its reading any of the new books activating material for directed conventions, conferences, re- recommended by THE REVIEW missionary reading for people of treats and opportunity for read- and other religious publications? all ages. ing – in charting a new course which shall mark an advance Have you noted the increased Are you going to file the anover the previous year's endeav- stress laid upon missionary swers to the foregoing queries ors; otherwise the church is study and endeavor for men and away in the archives of "Somemerely an anchored buoy or a boys, in place of the old-time day-when-I-get-time," or will derelict. Space will be given in relegation of such matters to you take action at once to make this Department both this month "the women folks of the mem- the Gospel you preach dynamic and next for taking a reckoning bership"? Have you organized and true to its Founder? and mapping out plans for a those men and boys? more adventurous voyage – but Read the brief reviews of the one with a definite purpose. Is there a general missionary following books and decide which or planning committee in your ones will best quicken you for Pointers for Pastors church, wit h representatives your task: from the subsidiary organiza- Do you evaluate the mission- tions, inclusive of the woman's THE CHRISTIAN MESSAGE FOR THE ary message as the greatest ut- society and the various departterance of the Church? Your ments of the Sunday school? WORLD TODAY. See THE REViEW Master did. Does this committee plan, cor- relate and supervise? for May, 1934. Would you rate as the leading missionary educator in your NO?-Then you are decidedly THE CHURCH LOOKS AHEAD. Julychurch? a back number. August, 1934. Have you a shaped definite Is there a definite course of policy and program for the JOHN R. MOTT, WORLD CITIZEN. church, and if so, is it unified in mission study heading up in a the sense that all departments of school of missions, or world March, 1934. activity and study are correlated, friendship, at some period of the or are they random and hap- church year? If it becomes a CHRISTIANITY TESTED, ITS SIGNIFIhazard? Closer correlation, co- community affair with other deoperative activity, are the watch- nominations cooperating, so CANCE FOR MODERN MISSIONS. Febwords of the day. much the better. ruary, 1935. How far do you use the mis- Is there some definite project sionary sermon as a means of toward which the study heads up THE LIVING RELIGIONS OF THE INDIAN education in such a plan? and of which it serves as a neces- sary expression? Without some PEOPLE. January, 1935. Are you carefully evaluating such project the emotions and and utilizing significant new impulses to service evaporate as CHRIST AND JAPAN, by Toyohiko Kagtrends in missionary thought? mere sentiment and leave the soul more sterile than before. awa. Friendship Press. Cloth, Has the church as a whole, or $1.00; paper, 50 cents.

[239 ] The last-named book is new and highly energizing. This "flaming evangelist with a pas- sion for saving souls" has given us a book which "throbs with a passionate love for Christ and zeal for the spread of His King- dom." Dr. Kagawa's vivid de- scription of the phases of reli- gious education for the masses

reveals his experience in mass has challenging food for thought ence with children's school oblievangelism, personal evangelism, for educators, social workers, gations and rest. literary evangelism, tent evan- psychologists and mature Chris- 4. The use of the Sunday gelism and touring evangelism. tians in general. The new course school sessions for six weeks, This is deemed "a book with the is due to be releas.ed so soon that, substituting mission study and warmth and power of a living instead of analyzing and pro- its supplementary features for fire," by a man who is not only jecting the current one, we the regular schedule, and cul- a practical missionary statesman recommend the forthcoming minating in a week-night demonbut also a writer of the first studies to the watchmen on the stration or project – such as a rank. The translation is by his church lookout. missionary exhibit, or a func- biographer and close personal Schools of Mission Study tion like "The World in Our friend. Community."

A Program of Missionary A special effort led by the 5. Home study groups in se- pastor should be made to rally quential sessions on week nights. Educa.tion all the church constituency for a This manifestly does not lend it- Fortunately we no longer have School of World Friendship as it self to the teaching of the chilto sail uncharted seas toward is often called to avoid the pos- dren. this goal. The interdenomina- sible onus formerly attaching to 6. The use of the study books tional course mapped out each "missions" in the minds of some and materials as a basis for proyear by The Missionary Educa- people. This school should be grams in the woman's or the tion Movement and specifically held in sequential sessions, with young people's society. While adapted by the various denom- the very choicest teaching force excellent as an auxiliary plan, it inational boards of education is available. Various plans are in should be a last resort as a subchallenging in its high values vogue, as follows: stitute for the all-comprehensive and is comprehensive of all de- 1. The use of six consecutive sessions. partments of church life from Sunday evening or mid-week Whatever the method of proyoungest to oldest; constructive services for study sessions in cedure, necessitated by local conin conformity with advanced which there shall be attractive ditions, rest assured that no pedagogy; elaborated from the opening exercises inclusive of segregation plan can equal the basic study books by the offer of music, stereopticon or moving values of the sequential enmaps, pictures, charts, manuals, picture exhibits (abundant ma- semble, an attractively featured projects, plays, pageants, stere- terial for the latter is now avail- school, especially if it is made a opticon views and moving pic- able at trifling expense) and community rather than an inditures; and correlated with dom- other features calculated to be vidual church function. Unless inant issues of the day. This the initial drawing card; class there is the fraternal spirit of exploitation of the study courses sessions for all ages above the cooperation and good will, which may seem redundant; but your primary children-who may best would move the denominations Department Editor's mail is still be taught in the Sunday school to a union effort of the sort, the heavy with inquiries and re- sessions during the same period; whole adventure of missions quests from readers who are a closing social period with the under the leadership of Jesus ignorant of the basic fact and lightest of refreshments to fur- Christ is of little promise.

the many facilities available. nish occasion for groupings of Suggestions for study and read- those who would discuss the sub- An Evening in the Orient ing courses, as well as for acti- jed farther. (So long as we are "A Presentation by Project," vating programs, have appeared working under ordinary human which would make a good clim..ax in this Department from month conditions, we may as well ad- in most of the foregoing plan's, to month, but a few 'fresh ones mit that "eating and drinking was arranged a few years ago may be of service. are a powerful auxiliary to reli- by the Baptist Church of the Re- The sobering criticism is' gion.") deemer in Yonkers, New York, heard on every hand that, while 2. An all-church supper to at- and was reported by your Editor missionary education is well tract the membership; a study for Missions. It closed a school under way among women and or lecture period and a closing . of missions centering on China: children, the male constituency feature period instead of the re- The great event opened with a cafeof the c h u r c h, particularly freshment hour. This function teria supper featuring chop suey and among adults, is being neglected. is ordinarily called the "Church kindred delectables. The remainder We are aware that challenging Family Night," and its main ob- of the evening was divided into three stacIe is the use of so many po- periods, each better than the one bematerial for the latter has not fore. From 7: 15 to 8: 00 p. m. an always been at hand; but as tential women students to pre: exhibition was held. The congrega~ "strong meat" as any educated pare and clear up the meal. tion, divided into groups passing from man could digest is now avail- 3. Six consecutive week nights one exhibit to another according to a able and should be offered to devoted to the general plan. prearranged plan, saw: "the brethren." To mention one This intensive study does not (a) An automatic stereopticon dis- lend itself to the rallying of all dpalayy sicnhooonl.e of the rooms of the Sunbook alone, "Suzuki Looks at age groups, in view of interfer- (b) An exhibition of lit era r y Japan," in this year's course,

EFFECTIVE WAYS OF WORKING

changes, viz., specimens of new mag- hunt as a program feature, with that same world in another azines. This was called "An Exhibi- mimeographed lists of questions mood today (not all favorable, tion of Things Chinese." being supplied to each person or alas!); "New Rivals to the group, the answers to be found Christian Faith" told of com- (c) A demonstration Chinese kin- in the magazines within a given mercialism, nationalism, seculardergarten in the church parlor. time limit (the search being ism and their ilk as far more competitive or otherwise); pre- menacing than Buddhism. Then (d) An exhibit of the work of the senting entire programs based came the lighting of the birth- Crusaders (children above the begin- on a certain issue or a combina- day candles in which each of five ners' age) who had been at work for tion of issues of the magazine, women named five outstanding some time on a project called "Friend- such as that reported by Mrs. missionary events in the past 25 ship Center in China" and had a table Delavan L. Pierson in the June, years, a candle being lighted and room of their own. 1934, issue of THE REVIEW, on with the mention of each event. page 300; "Editing the Maga- Of course the atmosphere was From 8: 00 to 8: 45 two dramatiza- zine" (substitute name of the full of optimistic wishes for the tions of the study book, "China's Real particular one) with the stage cause and the Magazine as all the Revolution," were given simultane- arranged as a "sanctum," an guests sampled the illuminated ously, one in the main Sunday school editor-in-chief in charge who cake. The stock of Missions room and the other in the basement gives a live editorial selected rose by the proverbial "leaps and assembly room; those present were from that magazine, then sum- bounds" and a background was divided into two groups, visiting the mons impersonators of "the furnished for new SUbscriptions dramatizations alternately. The senior story," "the poem," "the devo- and a better proving up on old young people's society gave one of the tional page," "the leading arsketches (twice) and the woman's so- ticle," "the departmental mat- ones. ciety the other, each sketch taking 20 ter," etc., all material to be taken Prepared courses and directed minutes. from the pages of the publica- tion under consideration. reading of books have been ar- From 8: 45 to 9: 30 a Chinese play ranged of late years by nearly all was given in the church auditorium The Silver Anniversary of denominations, and a number of by the World-Wide Guild (young plans have been exploited in·this women of the 'teen age); this play Missions Magazine Department. The Congregaemphasized in particular the entire tional-Christian Church has a meaning of the evening. It was pre- At the February meeting of unique one entitled ceded by Chinese music. the women's society in the Gran- ville Baptist church this event Adventures in Reading The two dramatic sketches of the was advertised and observed as second part were original, based on a birthday party with a parlor Miss Helen Street Ranney, different chapters of the main study setting, decorations of silver Associate Secretary in the Midbook; the young people pictured paper and artificial flowers, West Regional office of the Com- Marco Polo coming to life, like Rip covers of many past issues of mission on Missions, writes for Van Winkle, comparing what he saw that magazine, and a gorgeous this Department: with his previous experiences. table set as for a feast and cen- tering upon a huge birthday Realizing the importance of educa- The foregoing is a great suggestion cake with 25 candles. The tion in our churches in the backto churches who have not dealt with atmosphere was delightful. grounds of mission work, we launched the study book matter in an original, Hymns, prayer, Scripture and the Adventures in Reading-a list of constructive way. A dramatization books for supplementary reading, comes nearer to life than any other poems were all selected from the with the call under the picture of a form of discourse. Magazine. Many items were galleon ship: taken from the very first issue Missionary Education Through at the time it was born of the "Out of your cage, come out of your union of the general Baptist cage, Reading magazine with T i di n g s, the Woman's Home Mission monthly, And take your soul on a pilgrimage." This deals mainly with the use and The Helping Hand, the womof missionary magazines and the an's Foreign Mission publica- Books are loaned for postage bqth standard reading courses of the tion. A sketch of the leading ways. State chairmen aim to find a several denominations. First, missionary events of the past 25 sponsor in each church who will interthe magazines. Do you take one? years as seen by the Magazine est a group of readers and secure If so, is its main use that of a was given by one speaker, and books. Our rules are: Two books to dust collector? In addition to "Out of Yesterday into Tomor- a person for three weeks; five books renewing the effort to extend the row" by another, glimpsing the to a church for four weeks; ten books subscription list in some fresh possible and certainly the desir- to a state chairman for four weeks. way each year, vigilance is able future for the cause. "How needed to keep the membership Times Have Changed" con- State and local librarians have coreading what they take, at least trasted the attitude of the Chris- operated in providing books. With a until the habit is fixed. Numer- tian world a quarter-century ago growing demand, our librarian sends oUs devices are used for this, out about 100 books a month. We inclusive of the appointment of hear from far-away towns without a lookout to gather fresh items- libraries what these books mean to especially on the current studies people, especially now in lieu of pay -and report them from time to entertainments; and women have time ("Our World-Wide Out- found sometimes to their surprise that look," in THE REVIEW furnishes these books are as interesting as excellent material); the estab- lighter ones they used to read. Paslishment of a credit system with tors have written that the whole standpoints for each magazine issue ard of thinking of the congregation read and possibly the award of a has been raised. missionary. book to the reader with the best record; a treasure The Council of Women for Home Missions ANNE SEESHOLTZ, EXECUTIVE SECRETARY, 105 EAST TWENTY-SECOND STREET, NEW YORK ~~.========~==================~ It is May Day – the persons met for prayer wonder of the miracle! "in company with the And we ask, "Will pop- world," so thousands and pies grow again in Flan- thousands in towns .and ders field, now green villages met. Within a with promise of life?" week after the World It is May Day, and the Day of Prayer, 1,750 re- leaves are again on the ports were received.

trees. May God bless for A pastor (Moravian) us the trees of the land! had written a month Will the leaves of the preceding Mar c h 8, trees of our land be "for "Last year, my wife and the healing of the na- a few you n g women tions"? Do we American held a service for the Christians see at all the children after school. …

possibility of "a new This year, I wish to have heaven and a new earth"? THE HOME MISSIONARY SOCIETY the Ministerial Ass 0- We often ask, "Well, ciation promise the i r what are we going to do of the Suchowfu Field, China, by permission of the support in the arranging Presbyterian Church in the U. S. and holding of a larger about it?" Well, what? meeting for the adults." It is May Day and we "begin through the grass to be Missions will have a luncheon It was a larger meeting.-Why? bound to the Lord" – and find party. The theme is, "Who we the Lord "on the glancing wings are; what we do." The May Day From a small place with a wild of eager birds, the softly patting party, begun in the dark days of feet of furred and gentle beasts." 1933, has as. its main purpose and stormy name came the re- And with Masefield we know the assertion of the Life that is port, "The two small churches of "The Everlasting Mercy" and in us, and the encouragement of our town observed the World cry, one another to keep steadfast in Day of Prayer. We had a profit- the days ahead. able prayer hour together." o glory of the lighted mind . . . o glory of the lighted soul . . . WORLD DAY OF PRAYER Other small towns report that FOR MISSIONS "the service was under the direc- It's dawn, and I must north tion of the ministers' wives." Along the road Christ led me forth . . . In Gre'ater New York on the The Union Federated Church in I kneel'd there in the muddy fallow; World Day of Prayer on the first one town invited the other I knew that Christ was there with Friday in Lent there were sixty meetings of Christ's followers church (Christian) and a coun- Callow, for meditation and p ray e r. try church to pray with them. That Christ was standing there with What for? After the meeting, they served tea. In one Pennsylvania town, me, In the midst of cruel negli- "in spite of inclement weather, That Christ had taught me what to be, gence on the part of man for 96 persons attended. They rep- That I should plough . . . And as I drove the clods apart resented twelve denominations." Christ would be ploughing in my heart, In one state all the churches in Through rest-harrow and bitter roots Through all my bad life's rotten fruits. the township came. From a And we today contemplate God's own hungry and uncared- southern state where floods and "the open gate," "Christ, the for children, Christians prayed suffering threaten life, came a plough, Christ, the laughter of to know how to bear their own report with a money order for holy white birds flying after." burdens and "bear each other's- $1.50 from a group which met to' We too sing a new song, put our burdens and so fulfill the law of learn how to help "in bearing hands to the plow, and follow Christ." burdens." "It might not be out after. As in New York City, so in of place here to ask you to pray On May Day, Wednesday, the Chicago, and other large cities, for us. Our little church (Pres- Administrative Committee of Christians prayed. As also in the byterian) burned to the ground the Council of Women for Home wee country town where four last month. (No fire department [242 ]

BULLETIN OF THE COUNCIL OF WOMEN FOR HOME MISSIONS

in country.) We hope to re- denominational missionary proj- ward a Christian America," build." ects: (1) for Christian litera- "Christian Youth in Action," ture for women and children of "Women Under the Southern One friend wrote from Iowa, other lands; (2) for special ob- Cross." "I found that the World Day of jects in Christian women's col- Prayer had never been observed leges in those lands; (3) for re- "The Triumph of Goodwill" in our town, and the majority of ligious education work among as a method for maintaining our church women had 'never so American Indian high school peace among nations is being much as heard there was such a students; (4) for the children presented dramatically at varithing.' The service was beauti- of the burden bearers, known as ous conferences. The play is by ful and impressive…. Eighty migrant laborers, in the crop Mrs. J. M. Callister. from three denominations were fields of the U. S. A. present. You will smile when I Further, the editor would like tell you that ten young matrons The fellowship of prayer thus comments from the pastors' gave up their regular bridge expressed continues "with hands wives who attend the following club meeting and attended as a to the plough." Preparations conferences which are planned club. If nothing else were ac- are now under way for the next by the Home Missions Council complished than our worship to- Worm. Day of Prayer, the first and the Federal Council of the gether, it was most worth while Friday in Lent, February 28, Churches of Christ in America for it will help break down these 1936. for the purpose of "continuing denominational walls that I education for the minister in can't get used to and never CONFERENCES AND town and country." Three days shall!" of the next annual meetings of SCHOOLS OF MISSIONS the Home Missions Councils, Indian school students held Washington, D. C., January 12services. Other mission schools "And while they talked and talked, 17, 1936, will be devoted to a . and hospitals observed the Day. and while they sat "Conference on the R u r a I A greater number of young peo- Church." ple's services for worship were Changing their base minds into baser held. And the children prayed coin; Schools Planned for 1935 in services of their own-for "of such is the Kingdom of Heaven." And telling-they! . . . The West Virginia State Ministers' I turned from them in fury, and I Conference, Jackson's Mill, West All these and many who have Va., May 13-17. not yet reported prayed with ran. . . ." Christians around the world for Seminar for Town and Country Min- "a quickened conscience toward This poet went to the wrong isters, Y. M. C. A. College, Springthe world's burden bearers." In conference and ran to seek solace field, Mass., June 3-8. China the very name, "coolies," from nature, or he went to a has something to do with their school of missions leaving his Drew Summer Conference, Drew Unisad lot in life. The picture of mind and s p i r i t elsewhere. versity, Madison, N. J., June 3-14. the women of Suchow, China, There are times when it is good who met with the world for Christian social action for indi- The Rural Church Institute, Duke prayer on March 8, symbolizes viduals and groups not to go to University, Durham, N. C., June the world fellowship. All these conferences. 10-21. prayed for "courage to stand for the right and willingness to ac- But, if individuals and groups Rural Leadership School, Purdue Unicept the sacrifices involved for go to a Summer Conference or versity, Lafayette, Ind., June 24us all in the building of a better School of Missions to give of July 5. world; for justice and under- their best and to learn, in order standing between individuals, to serve the home community as Rural Leadership School, University classes, races, and nations." well as to stretch their souls' of Wisconsin, Madison, Wis., July horizons upward to the Source 1-12. All these came together and of Life and around the world to brought gifts for others. The all the children of God and of Auburn Summer School of Theology, 1,750 reports brought free-will men-what then? Auburn, N. Y., July 1-18. offerings, large and small. What for? Overhead? No, overhead Have you seen the list of con- School for Town and Country Minisfor the World Day of Prayer is ferences on the cover page of ters, Michig-an State College, East carried cooperatively by the this issue? Are you attending a Lansing, Mich., July 8-19. conference? Committee of Women's Work of The Ministers' Short Course, South the Foreign Missions Conference The Northfield Missionary Dakota State College, Brookings, and by the Council of Women for Conference July 5-13, carries on S. D., July 8-19. Home Missions. The literature the announcement the following is made to pay for itself. The challenge, "Faith-noble charac- Virginia Summer School for Rural many offerings were for the ter-knowledge-self-control- Ministers, Virginia Polytechnic Inmost part designated to be di- steadfastness – go d lin e s s- stitute, Blacksburg, Va., July 16-26. brotherliness – love . . . these vided equally among four inter- qualities … render you active Rural Welfare Conference, Ontario and fruitful in the knowledge of Ladies' College, Whitby, Ont., July our Lord Jesus Christ." 29.

Practically a II conferences School for Rural Pastors, Garrett provide study classes in "To- Biblical Institute, Evanston, Ill., July 29-August 2.

The Pastors' Institute, Divinity School, University of Chicago, Chicago The- ological Seminary, Disciples Divin- ity House, July 29-August 4.

Pastors' Summer School, Hollister, Mo., August 6-16.

~= !

~ Our World~wide Outlook ~~''-I_~=-=A-M-iss=iona=ry=Ne-wsp=ape=r o=f C=urr=ent=Ev=ent=s ===~I~ AFRICA visits and hundreds are still not with government consent be cir- culated in the native vernaculars only, A Bird's-Eye View without help. but must be published in Portuguese A direct outgrowth of the with readings appearing on alternate Rev. A. McLeish, former missionary in Rajputana, gives baby clinic is the Little Girls' pages in native languages. some figures comparing Africa with India: Club, inaugurated over three The Jarawa There are 13 million Christians in years ago for children between the Dark Continent, about 9 per cent of the population, or one Christian to the ages of six and marriage age The Sudan Interior Mission about 10.5 people; in India there is has been at work for ten years one Christian to every 56 people. -about ten. Every afternoon among the pagan J arawa in the There are three times as many mis- between 2 and 4 forty little girls Das district. They number over sionaries to a million people in Africa learn to read, write, play games 100,000, and came originally as in India; yet only 8 out of its 65 from Bornu. It is thought they divisions are adequately occupied. and sing simple Arabic hymns are related to the Beri-Beri tribe. South Africa is most fully occupied, and songs. Next in importance They practice ancestor worship and should no longer be regarded as as do many other pagans, and a foreign mission field; its three and to the Bible talk are the hygiene have a strong bent to Mohama half million Christians should evan- and mothercraft lessons. They medanism of the most bigoted gelize the unreached portions. The sort. great Moslem field of North India is are also learning to make eastern the most needy territory in India. embroideries on linen articles. Ten years of prayer and seed The sale of their work helps each sowing is now yielding a harvest. -World Dominion. Christians have been organized child to earn a little, which is into "bands" for aggressive Eyes Tha,t See put into the bank in readiness service, each band being under An African Christian used for the time when she is mar- an efficient evangelist. They this illustration to convince a ried. The remaining part of the systematically preach over this crowd of angry villagers that whole district, and many' miles they should not object to their profits pays the salaries of two outside. They conduct from 200 headman's acceptance of Christ: club workers, and the expenses to 250 services a week, with the result that over twenty classes Suppose that you are walking of the nursery school, which is for religious instruction are bethrough a dark forest and come to a run on the lines of those organ- ing conducted in the various vilclearing where there is one tall tree. A man stands gazing up into the tree, ized in England, and makes proand you see by his face there is vision for the children who are something up there. You stop and unable to join the Little Girls' look, too, but cannot see what he sees. The leaves are too thick. But that Club till they are six. All this does not prove there is nothing there. work centers in the spiritual For years our brothers in other towns motive. have been looking up. They see something we do not see. But can we say The Problem of Nationalism lages. Sunday services are growour brother does not see, because we ing in interest and attendance. do not? No, my friends; we can only Robert M. Hopkins, General The ten evangelists come in keep looking, and not be stumbling- Secretary of the World's Sunday every week-end for an intensive blocks to those who do see. School Association, after his period of Bible study and then visit to Africa to study the dif- go out to attack the strongholds Building a New Egypt ferent areas, says: of Satan again. Eight of these Miss Lea Wynne, writing from Cairo for the C. M. S. Outlook, Africa is a group of unrelated have no pay whatever for their describes the Society's welfare colonies in which are reflected the con- services; two are supported by center in Boulac. The building flicting attitudes and policies of variis a haven of refuge from its ous European powers, notably Great the local church. sinful, filthy surroundings. The Britain, France, Belgium, Portugal, -Evangelical Christian. clinic is open twice a week and every mother is expected to come Italy and Spain, with influences from once a week. Homes are visited Germany in the background. Per- Shepherd Has Many Sheep by the workers between these meating all these colonies is the in- fluence from Rome. The attitude of Rev. H. A. Sodergren, Baptist governing powers partakes of all the missionary of Moanza, Belgian evils of absentee landlordism; and – the consequent political, racial, social, Congo, for almost two months at . industrial, commercial, educational, the close of last year toured linguistic problems are most complex. among twelve church centers of that vast field. In the Watch- This has become more pronounced man-Examiner he reports 2,081 since the war, especially in Angola. candidates having been exam- where the freedom of British and American Protestant missionaries is ined for baptism, 418 of whom increasingly limited. Bibles now may [244 J

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

were accepted. More than 7,500 penser, and your own words, and roads render traveling to any inquirers are on the lists at this I promise you here and now, be- part of the protectorate an easy time. One of the Congo deacons fore God, to do as you wish.''' matter. .

prayed for divine help for the The culprit was aghast at At a meeting of the WorId missionary in these w 0 r d s: what he had done, and full of Evangelical Alliance in London, "Bless this white man. You remorse. He said: "I can take J. J. Willis, former Bishop of have chosen him to put these what is coming to me from the Uganda, told of other changes.

sheep in their stalls and to watch State, but what is troubling me Until 1924, missionary bodies over them, too." is-how do I stand with God? were responsible for all educa- Can He ever forgive me such an tional work. Then it was recog- New Governor General for awful sin?" nized that the missionaries could -L. M. S. Herald. not cope with the stupendou8 Congo task of education for so large an At the suggestion of the Bel- Church with One Member area. The Government was apgian Colonial Minister, King proached, and a Director of Edu- Leopold III last September ap- Going through a West African cation appointed, who chose the pointed M. Pierre Ryckmans as village where he knew there was Governor-General of the Belgian no church, the Protestant Epis- course of working with and Congo. This appointment has copal Bishop of Accra was as- through the missions. An adbeen received with satisfaction tonished to come upon a little visory council, consisting of repas he is known to be a man of building about ten feet long, independence, and high moral with a cross on it. He looked in- resentative missionaries, govstandards. He is 43 years of side and found it unmistakably ernment officials and native age, has been in the Congo since a church. It had a rough altar 1915 and is the author of sev- with a handmade cross, and leaders decide all policies. The eral books, the best known being three little bamboo pews. While whole system is under the direcpublished three years ago under the Bishop was looking a man tion of missionary bodies, and the title "Dominer pour Servir." came running to him from his Christian teaching is an .integral In this book the author reveals work in the fields. his attitude to many colonial part of the curriculum. As a requestions. The following is a "Who are you?" asked the sult, thousands have been taught translation of a short quotation Bishop. from the preface of this book: to read. The whole Bible has "I am the owner of the build- been translated into two lan- To rule to serve–this is the only ing," the man said. "I built it." guages; the New Testament into excuse for colonial conquest and it is also its full justification. To serve "And how many Christians four other dialects, and the four Africa means to civilize her. Not have you?" Gospels have been translated only must we create new needs and into yet other tongues. Twentyprovide the means of satisfying them, "Only one at present," the not only exploit the colony, not only man said, "but when we had our three book depots have been esenrich it, but make the people better, harvest festival, every seat was tablished in different centers. happier, more manly. To be able to full. When I came to live here serve, one must know. To be willing I was the only Christian and no Christianity in Uganda has exto serve, one must love; and it is in one would listen to me,·but I tended during the last twenty learning to know the natives that one thought if the people see that I years in three directions. To the learns to love them. build a house for the Christian God, they will take notice of my north, a chain of Christian tribes -Congo Mission News. message. I will not rest until have acted as a barrier against they have found the Lord." Chief Takes the High Road the downward march of Moham- Changes in Uganda medanism from Egypt. To the Mrs. Palmer, L. M. S. worker West, that great African saint, Apolo, carried the Gospel into the vast forests wherein the pig- mies live, right into Belgian Congo. To the south, the ag- gressive work of the Ruanda at Valemba, tells a touching Sweeping changes have taken pioneers is well known.

story of an old pagan chief who place in Uganda; the most ob- ~The Christian.

had been stabbed by a Christian vious being that distance is prac- boy in a tribal quarrel, and was tically annihilated. In 1931, Lions in ,the Way brought to the mission hospital. train service was inaugurated Mr. Roy Shaffer, of the Africa "He was in great pain, but from the coast to Kampala, cap- Inland Mission, tells of a thrill- ing experience in Kenya Colony: said to us : 'Your dispenser boy ital of Uganda; in 1900, one here has been talking to me, tell- must walk the greater part of ing me that I must try to forgive the way; it took eight days to A few days ago I made a trip to Simba station. On my way I passed Yoane, to take all resentment cross Victoria Lake in canoes. a bunch of lions, one huge male, two and hatred out of my heart by It is now only two days' journey females and seven cubs. They were the strength of God, and not to from Mombasa to Kampala, and within fifty feet of the road and sat let any of my people retaliate on six days' journey by air from calmly on their haunches while I passed by. When I returned to that the Ilondo people' (as of course London. The whole country has area coming home, it was nine o'clock, they threatened to do). 'I have been opened up internally by and I was hopeful that I would not heard the words of your dis- roads; a network of good motor find them lying in the road as is their

custom; but to my amazement I found and all foreign schools are subject to the children's efforts not to steal eight full-grown lions all lying in and supervision. Those responsible for or lie. near the road! I stopped the little conducting the American schools have Ford car and told the native boy who been quick to adapt their methods to Proof of Success in Persia was with me to load the shotgun, the the new conditions. They have made only weapon we had with us. The an honest effort to make the American Dr. R. E. Hoffman reports to lions all got up, and I started the schools also national in the sense that the Mission to Lepers that the car, pulling oft' the road with the they aim to fit in with the Turkish success of their work at Meshed, thought of going around them through program, and, in accordance with the Persia, has caused an embarrassthe tall dry grass. But when I came Turkish ideal, seek to make genuine ing development-the coming of up even with them they all came over patriotic Turks and not simply sophis- so many Afghan lepers. "Most to the car. I could almost have touched ticated Turks who are more foreign of the Afghans are even poorer some of them, ;lS they were on my side in their culture than they are Turkish. than the Persians. One group, of the car. I kept the spotlight turned Recently there has been evidence of a man, his sister and wife, all on them, hoping thereby to confuse Turkish appreciation of this purpose. lepers, brought along their old them. They followed us along closely father, about 90 years old and till we got back into the road, where A short time ago a Turkish student not a leper. Their clothing was we could make sufficient speed to leave in America stated why he hoped Amer- all tatters; they did not have a them behind. Lions accompanied by ican mission schools would continue whole garment among them. small cubs are most dangerous, and it in Turkey. He himself hopes to re- The three who were lepers rewas with a feeling of great relief, and turn for service in government schools, ceived their sheepskin coatsa shout of praise to our heavenly Fa- but wants to continue in connection thanks to the special fund sent ther for His protecting care, that we with the American Board school from out last year by the Mission to realized we were safely beyond them. which he graduated. "In the Amer- Lepers for that purpose-their ican schools," he said, "there is more 60-cent allowance and their cer- -Moody Institute Monthly. opportunity for experimenting, for tificate of admission to the col- trying out new ways and methods. ony. The old man, not being a In Nairobi Then, too, in the American schools the leper, got no coat and no money: relationship between teachers and stu- he felt very unfortunate, for Large numbers of the young dents is closer than in the other once, at not being a leper! The people who come to Nairobi in Persian doctors, the Governorsearch of work are willing to put schools." general, the Chief of the Shrine, themselves under Christian in- and health department officials fluence, and to come for regular Palestine's Jewish Population frequently hand us good worda teaching. A worker of the because of the mission; there is C. M. S. writes in The Christian: The Jewish Daily Bulletin something so peculiarly Chris- tian about it all, that I feel it is At present about 1,400 people are gives the number of Jews in one of the best sermons we can under instruction for baptism, and preach." the adequate handling of the classes Palestine as 307,312, representis a problem. It is like a small mass INDIA movement. On Saturday afternoons ing 26 % of the total population we have about 1,000 on the compound "Constructive" Thinking in the different classes, and we have of the country. The rapid inby no means sufficient accommodation, A. W. Marshall, American yet we praise God for the large num- crease is revealed by the follow- Presbyterian missionary i n bers which create such a problem. We western India, says that even now have three different services at ing data: No. 0/ Jews Increase the best of Indian workmen can the native prison on a Sunday. Two hold only one idea in mind at a extra services have been arranged 1920 ……. … 75,000 95,000 time; so that one must be on during the past year, and are greatly 50,000 the alert to detect and correct appreciated by the prisoners. 1930 ………. 170,000 30,000 mistakes. Half an inch out of 1932 ………. 220,000 57,312 plumb or an inch or two out of The Pumwani church in Nairobi 1934 ………. 250,000 line makes very little impreshas been extended. and although it 1935 ………. 307,312 sion upon them. How can the now holds 400 to 500, is still not large Sahib know? enough. Elijah Gacanja, the African Sunday Schools in Arabia who is in charg-e there, is doing excel- "Make all your window sash to take lent work, and it is rapidly growing. Many years ago Sunday school standard sizes of glass just as it We had a successful mission there: work was inaugurated in Arabia comes from the bazaar," a carpenter many open-air meetings were held, and among the children of the Beloo- is told. quite a large number of Moslems chis, who migrated from their listened to the Gospel. . own country to make their homes "All right, I will have them all in the. southeastern section of exactly right." WESTERN ASIA Arabia. In the lives of many of these children, Sunday school is When the g-lass is brought it will Education in Turkey the only bright spot. Parents not fit. Half an inch-an inch-too and children alike respond to the large. Rev. J. Kingsley Birge, on gestures of love and friendship furlough and studying at Hart- on the part of the missionaries. "But we can cut and fit the glass ford Seminary, comments on all right." American Board Schools in As a result of hard work, per- Turkey: severance and courage there is "Yes, but why didn't you make the now reported in Muscat a Sun- sash as directed?" Under the influence of a strong na- day school of six classes. There_ tionalistic spirit the Turkish Republic are well over 250 enrolled. A "I did-but I said to myself.•.•" has been energetically pushing a program of national education. All ele- 50 % attendance is considered mentary education is under control of the Department of Public Instruction, excellent since most of the chil- dren must help to support their families. Instruction in hand work is given, but the most gratifying results are seen in

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

And so a hundred or more panes of lands; and in India alone, still The Dead Speak glass have to be cut once or twice to its main field of work, there are fit the work, rather than obey exactly now 36 homes of the mission A Baptist missionary of On- the instructions given. with 6,700 inmates; 850 healthy gole writes in Missions: children are being rescued by "Why is this porch post put here?" the special provision made for "A few days ago I was riding "Why that seems to us the proper them; aid is given to another 15 along on my bicycle on a seven- place." teen-mile trip to my camping "But you were told to put it here, homes with 1,600 inmates; 6,000 place. It was noon. The sun were you not?" outpatients attend the mission's was pouring its all-penetrating "Yes you told us to put it there, but clinics. Its largest field of work glare all around, fairly blinding we thought-." in anyone division is in the me. In a small village I stopped "But how are you going to put your Central Provinces. The Champa to inquire my way and the peo- wire cloth on the post if put there?" ple greeted me with eagerness. "Why we never thought of that-." Home in 30 years has developed And another piece of work has to be from two primitive huts to Beth- "After a little while my path done over. esda Hospital with 37 wards, 515 took me out into some rice fields. inmates, four buildings for the Beyond the fields I came to an- -Western India Notes. other village. Just before reach- healthy staff; one office and dis- ing it I passed a Christian ceme- Good Work for Lepers pensary; a home for leper boys; tery and I noticed a newly erected stone. On it in crude The Rev. E. S. Allwood, late the Spencer Jack Memorial com- Telugu letters were inscribed Hon. Superintendent of Rani- pleted in August, 1934, for these words: ganj Leper Home, Bengal, say~: tainted girls; a large church; "AKKAYYA – 80 Years Old, The Mission to Lepers is ef- two homes for healthy children, Went to Sleep in the Lord." fectively combating leprosy and all buildings of solid masonry. serving the lepers in India in From April, 1902, to August, Evangelism in India three ways. 1934, this home has given shelter The meeting of the National 1. The Mission has aroused for a shorter or longer time to Christian Council (December 28public opinion. In the past he 2,500 patients. Sixty-five lepers January 1) at Nagpur, was sigwho most needs sympathy and nalized by the emphasis laid on .care has received least. There have been discharged as symp- the subject of evangelism. In are reasons for this-man's tom-free, and are living in their addition to special evangelistic loathing of the disease, the dan- efforts, such as campaigns and ger of infection and the feeling respective villages. The healthy weeks of witness, the Council of hopelessness that the leper homes have sheltered 85 chil- will seek to stimulate evangeliscould ever be cured. But the dren. Of these 22 are married. tic effort continuously and to Mission to Lepers has changed put it always as the dominant all this. Today there is a con- Children of these couples num- note in all Christian activity. cern about leprosy and for those ber 26. The Executive Committee was who suffer from it, and the Gov- charged with the special reernments are contributing to- Dr. Sam Higginbottom, who sponsibility of the promotion of wards the work. the evangelistic m 0 vern e n t has superintended the work at throughout India and the Bishop 2. It has saved thousands of Naini, United Provinces, for of Dornakal, Dr. Stanley Jones, children from leprosy. It has over 30 years, draws striking Bishop Bannerjee and the Rev. cared for parents, and has also H. C. Balasundaram were appersuaded parents to put their contrasts between then and now: pointed counsellors to assist the children into children's homes Executive Committee in carryand has transformed life for Then fifty helpless adult lepers. ing out this plan. them. N ow over 500. Then no children's homes, so that nearly every child in Attention was given to Dr. J. 3. It has brought thousands the asylum contracted the disease. W. Pickett's work in following of lepers within the reach of J e- Now beautiful homes for the taint- up the mass movement enquiry, sus Christ. Among them is the free children of lepers; about 97 per and steps were taken to ensure a Christian doctor and his staff, cent saved from the disease because continuance of this work until and before they have been long taken from their parents in time; the end of 1936. in the mission homes many are seeking for baptism because they also a babies' home where those taken A call to prayer for India has realize that in Christ there is from their mothers are kept under ob- been issued over the signatures Someone who· has impelled His servation; also a home for children of ten British leaders of differown people to do for them some- with the disease, with cure expectancy ent communions. Prayer is thing that no Hindu deity and of 75 per cent. Then no church; now asked that the present period of no Moslem prophet has led his a beautiful church, crowded every political change may issue in the followers to do. Sunday; every day the lepers gathered true welfare of India, and that in small groups for Bible study and -Without the Camp. worship; they support the church and all good causes. Then no medical Sixty Years' Growth work of any kind. Now a hospital and dispensary in charge of a highly At the end of its 60th year of service the Mission to Lepers is trained Indian Christian doctor who now at work in over twenty has under him a force of trained lepers, or cured lepers and nonlepers, nurses, temperature takers, stretcher bearers and compounders; a labora- tory in charge of a leper scientist who prepares the chaulmoogra oil deriva- tive that is not only used in our asylum but in Government dispen- saries and mission hospitals over a wide area.

the Church in India may be an One marked development is the growth A few weeks ago, in looking over a of bands of young men, from 17 to 25 recent anthology of Chinese prose ever greater influence for good. years of age, all keen for service. published by one of the most impor- -International Missionary tant Chinese firms, I was surprised to Council. Chinese Church in Siam find two very long passages from the Union Version included as examples Chinese Baptists in Bangkok News from Assam have what is probably the oldest of fine literature. I promptly wrote Not many years ago the peo- Protestant Chinese church in the to the Bible Societies' Secretaries, to ple of the Garo Hills were a race world. Another distinction of let them know, and I think they are of savages with no written lan- this group is that they have wor"' passing on the information to their Home Committees. I am sure that the guage. Now there are 21 mother significance of the fact cannot be exagchurches and over 200 branch churches, with the Garos them- shiped in the same place for gerated. Hundreds of Chinese men selves assuming a great deal of of letters will find in that anthology, more than a hundred years. side by side with writings from their responsibility for educating and The 102d anniversary of the foremost literary men, extracts from evangelizing their own people. church's occupation of its pres- the Bible. It has never happened be- On their own initiative they ent site was celebrated not long fore. Indeed, as you know well, the opened a high school this year. ago by services in Chinese and time is not far distant when scholars English. The first newspaper for the used to sneer at the Mandarin Bible. Preceding the communion Now, one of their own members picks Naga Hills was published dur- out whole chapters from Matthew and ing the past year. It is both a service it was remarked that the Mark as examples of modern Chinese religious and secular publication, cause of unity had progressed style. Unless I am mistaken, this will mean that some of them at least will from those early days, when read the Book from which the extracts three persons dwelling in the and is helping to consolidate the same house had to have three are taken. -China's Millions. Nagas. There has been 536 Ao separate communion services. Naga and 32 Miri Naga baptisms this year. The Naga con- -The Christian Century. Important Medical Congress stituency is almost 9,000 at present. Persecution has driven CHINA The ninth Congress of the Far some back to heathenism, but Eastern Association of Tropical' the majority remain faithful. New Life Movement Medicine met in Nanking re- cently. It is reported that the -Facts from World Fields. Madame Chiang Kai Shek, Nanking Government spent over speaking in Taiyuanfu, said: $40,000 for entertainment. This Among the Outcastes in Orissa Christianity has a greater chance was by far the most important in China today than in any other medical gathering ever held in Rev. J. W. Biggs, an English country in the world. The New Life the Far East. The present gov- Movement has organized a special Baptist missionary in Orissa, force of men as local government ernment's interest in health ad- agents. When a district is recovered gives a glimpse of the work there from Communist occupation they go vancement was evinced by the in The Christian: there. The people have no money; generous hospitality to the dele- their houses have been burned; and gates. Each one was presented We work in four areas, which total their oxen taken by Communists. Ar- with "A Glimpse of China," a 4,000 square miles, and are now open- rangements are made whereby the bound program, authors' papers, ing up in two more native States, farmers get implements loaned to a silk-covered "Pictorial Survey hitherto closed to us. The population them at a very low rental, to be paid of National Public Health Acis over 800,000. A visitation of the in easy instalments. We believe it tivities" and "Manchurian 72 churches involves over 1,600 miles ruins their self-respect to make outof travel. In some of these churches as many as fourteen villages are right gifts to them. This "army" Plague Prevention Service," and united, some of them being ten miles helps to plough up the lands free of apart. In this way most of the charge. a fine silver badge more like a churches are centers of village groups. war-time decoration than any- Altogether we have over 500 villages The New Life Movement is flexible, thing else. There were sight- so that it takes in any needed local re- now in direct association with the form. For example, in Sianfu opium seeing trips, banquets, a special churches and claimed for Christ by is the curse; there the Movement has organized an opium curing clinic. In Chinese theatrical performance the presence of baptized, witnessing by a famous company of actors Kansu, foot binding is the great evil; from Peiping, and private auto- Christians. Baptisms this year so far amount to ,186, and we have a great the women are combating- this. In part of our area yet to visit.. There Kaifeng, trachoma must be fought; mobiles for the use of delegates has been long preparation and testing throughout the Congress. government agents have wiped out the in each case. We have over 300 can- fly menace. -World Call.

didates anxiously waiting for exam- -Missi()nary Herald.

ination, and many more who are defi- nite inquirers, openly associating The Bible as Literature On Church Unity themselves with God's children. I It is something new to find the The question of church unity' Chinese beginning to look upon has been reopened. The standwas out in two new villages a few the Bible as an example of good ing committee on church unity days ago, and these people, before there is a baptism, much less an organized church; are giving regularly, their gifts for the work. So far this literary style. Rev. A. J. Gar- of the Anglican communion inyear we have, by baptism of their inhabitants, opened up 17 new villages, nier calls attention to this in the vited 13 church groups to send in which since the beginning of the following extract from a letter representatives to meet with year, we have 60 earnest inquirers. to Dr. E. H. Edwards: them on January 23, 24. Six

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

churches responded, the Church best be conserved and continued. agenda of which major considerof Christ in China; Methodist As a result, the Executive Com- ation will be given to the prob- Episcopal; Methodist Episcopal, mittee has recommended to the lems of church union, better co- South; English; Methodist; biennial meeting of the National operation with western churches Northern Baptist, and the North Christian Council that the move- and missionary boards, and the China Congregational. In all 25 ment be continued for a further proper attitude of Christianity were present, of whom 44 per period. toward the spiritual awakenings cent were Chinese. Bishop T. now to be observed in all reli- K. Shen presided. A representa- A special commission on pro- gious circles. tive of each group stated the gram and cooperation, which has position of his group as regards been at work for some months, The Kingdom of God weekly organic unity. These statements has initiated a plan for securing has been an important factor as were frank and revealed con- closer cooperation of Christian an interdenominational organ of siderable divergence of attitude. forces in Shanghai and develop- wide circulation, but its contin- At the close of the Conference, ing a united Christian program uance is a difficult problem for however, delegates unanimously for the community. To begin the National Christian Council. expressed their conviction as with, a survey of all the Chris- It now seems probable that Dr. follows: tian work being carried on in the Kagawa will save the day by city is being made, after which guaranteeing necessary funds, "We find ourselves united in a conference of Christian leaders and by writing regularly for it. our loyalty to Jesus Christ and, is to be held and plans for com- The Christian Literature Society in our earnest desire to become munity service laid. and the National Christian so united that the result may be Council will also cooperate in its an organic union of all Christian -International Missionary publication and distribution as bodies, we believe that the time Council. heretofore. has come when some definite action is not only desirable but Sherwood Eddy's Campaign Is Japan Evangelized? necessary." After an evangelistic cam- Rev. Frank L. Fesperman, of A continuation committee is paign in 20 cities of 12 prov- Sendai, gives some facts in the to arrange for a further confer- inces, Sherwood Eddy reports: Outlook of Missions bearing on ence in 1936, and to prepare and this question. The state relidistribute literature bearing on Throughout China I have felt the gion, Shintoism, is los i n g the present situation as regards throbbing sense of having "good news" ground; Buddhism continues to church unity. to offer a despairing people in a way flourish, is even planting reli- of life that carries with it the poten- gious colonies in Manchuko. The -Christian Century. tialities of personal regeneration and tide of nationalism creates in- national rebirth. During the last four creasing difficulties for promul- Score for Mission Schools months there have been in attendance gating the Christian spirit: at the meetings conducted by my Chi- The third edition of Who's nese fellow workers, my brother and Numerically, as well as so- Who in China publishes bio- myself, over 200,000. This meant an cially and spiritually, evangelizagraphical sketches of 960 Chi- average of over two thousand students tion of the masses falls far short nese from twelve provinces. and youth each day. A total of 2,477 of realization. Dr. William Ax- More than half are found in made decisions to enter the Christian ling made a study of 145 smaller Shanghai, Peiping and Canton. way of life, and 3,994 to join Bible cities and large towns, and found Of the total, 620, or about two- classes in order to study Christianity. that out of a total population of thirds, have attended colleges or So great was the interest that radio 5,931,766 there are 469 churches, universities. Of these, 419 went broadcasts or loud speakers had fre- with the responsibility of about to government or private schools quently to be used for overflow audi- 12,648 persons each. Some cities and 201 were educated in mis- ences. In eight provinces officials came fare worse. Japan has a total sion schools; that is to say, more together for the most searching talks of 11,434 towns and villages. Of than one-fifth of the prominent upon the moral weaknesses which are the 1,697 towns only 848 have leaders of today in all walks of threatening China's downfall: in six come under Christian occupation life in China received their edu- provinces these officials were called and of the 9,737 villages only cation in schools and colleges together by the governors or provincial 610 are occupied by a church or supported by foreign mission chairmen. In almost everyone of the a preaching place, leaving 9,976 boards. twenty cities from 100 to 600 students as virgin soil for the Gospel. have been enrolled in Bible classes, -Facts from World Fields. with the twofold object of strength- Figures are quoted to show ening their own characters and under- that four-tenths of one per cent United Program for China taking some practical project for na- of Japan's total population is tional or social reconstruction. nominally Christian. The aston- The Executive Committee of ishing fact is that Christianity the National Christian Council -Far Horizons. has so greatly influenced the naconducted an inquiry last year tion's life. In fact, a new spirit to discover how the work of the JAPAN -CHOSEN is seen in the churches, and con- Five-Year Movement (January, certed effort has been made to 1930 to December, 1934) could Christian Unity Growing The way seems to be opening for a larger degree of Christian cooperation in Japan. An All- Japan Christian Conference has been called for 1935, on the

put a number of the churches Though this movement is not It has been decided to continue on an independent basis in 1935. solely the affair of Christians, its publishing the Kingdom of God success is largely due to Chris- Weekly. The National Christian Religious Interest Renewed tian leadership. Council, the Christian Literature Society and the Kagawa Group Influential factors in a revival -Christian Observer. have united in organizing an ediof interest in religion have been torial committee to take over the the uncertainty of the times, the Girls Sold for Taxes publication of this evangelistic business depression and the in- paper. ternational situation; but an Here is further proof that important stimulus was a course militarism is a curse. Japan's -International Missionary of radio lectures on religion farmers must pay 60 per cent of Council. given by Rev. Entai Tomomatsu their earnings in taxes; no less early last year. It is said that than 30,000 Japanese country Korean Church in Japan no series of radio talks has ever girls have been sold to help made such a deep impression as meet these taxes. The govern- There are 500,000 Koreans did his exposition of the Budd- ment spends annually 46 per scattered throughout J a pan. hist faith. These lectures, pub- cent of the national revenue for Among them are 48 churches lished under the title of "A Text- maintaining the army and navy. with about 4,000 Christians, book of Religion" have in less 1,000 of them baptized. In the than six months reached a sale Girls of salable age range establishment of this work, the of over 200,000. The speaker's from sixteen to twenty-three Methodist and Presbyterian ability to interpret the modern years and prices for them run churches in Korea and the six age, with its social, economic from $3 to $300. One farmer missions in Chosen, the Canaand national problems, in terms rejoiced when he sold his twenty- dian Presbyterian Church Misof Buddhist philosophy with a year-old daughter for 1,000 yen, sion in Japan have cooperated. superficial resemblance to Chris- but changed his tune when he It has now written its own contianity, was unique. The treat- learned that the broker took stitution and creed, and set up ment and presentation of his about 30 per cent as his commis- an organization with something message was not very different sion. like sessions, presbyteries or confrom those of a Christian lec- ferences, and a supreme council. turer, and free from a back- The National Christian Coun- In September, 1934, practically ground of temples, Sutras, in- cil of Japan has been concerned all the cooperating bodies corcense and vestments. about the welfare of the Jap- dially approved the new organ- anese girls and steps have been ization. Some six or seven of Advertisements of books on taken to prevent such sales. the congregations already have religious subjects appear on the their buildings paid for, and front pages of the newspapers Looking Ahead in Japan they are paying generously to to an extent unknown thus far. their workers' support. The rise of semi-religious cults The Kingdom of God Moveis another aspect of a renewed ment as an organized effort came -Presbyterian Banner. interest in religion; all of which to an end on December 31, 1934. presents a challenge to Chris- At a meeting of thanksgiving a Korean Farmers' Plight tianity. number of leading Christians spoke of things the movement Korean farmers are today in -Japan Christian Quarterly. had achieved, chief among them a worse condition than ever be- being the creation of a keen fore. Most of the fertile land is Prohibition Advance spirit of cooperation among now in the possession of Jap- Christians of different commu- anese agricultural and irrigation Prohibition is making prog- nions. All the speakers were companies subsidized by the govress in Japan, as the twenty or convinced of the need for con- ernment. In addition to handing more "dry villages" bear wit- serving this spirit if the Church over their produce to the owners ness. There are also the Miners' is to make an effective impres- at prices far below the open Prohibition Society, the Railway sion on the life of Japan: market price, the hapless farm- Prohibition Society, the Em- ers are forced to buy Japanese ployes' Prohibition Society, and The evangelistic work of individual goods at high prices, and to pay Laborers' Prohibition Society, denominations cannot challenge com- a whole series of heavy taxes. which have been formed one munities and society, and mould the Fifty-two different kinds of after another, all of which are moral, social and national life of the exactions are imposed upon the doing successful work. Includ- Empire. The Christian churches can farmers, and eleven of these are ing all the various organizations, do this only when they unite their direct taxes. Between 1919, the total membership under the forces and advance with an unbroken when the government was supbanner of the National Prohibi- front. posed to have instituted land retion League of Japan has already forms in Korea, and 1933 the reached the 300,000 mark, and Cooperation in evangelism is a land tax increased by 60 per the movement promises to sweep step on the road to church union, cent; local taxes for adminison with accelerated s pee d. which is to be the central sub- trative upkeep have increased ject of the All-Japan Christian Conference to be held later in the year.

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

43 fold since 1913, while the head table and of good moral char- Daure, had been present as a tax has risen 240 times in eigh- acter. boy when Lawes came ashore in teen years. They have established a form the ship's boat. He remembered The agricultural workers re- of Christian communism, hav- hearing some of the men in the ceive in wages an average of fif- ing many important things in crowd suggest that the newteen cents gold per day. The net common and working a part of comer be killed outright. Others result of Japan's land policy in each year on projects for the said, "No, wait and see what he Korea is that the total indebted- benefit of the whole community. will do." Daure, speaking for ness of the native farmers and They also recognize personal the Motuans, and in their lanagricultural workers to the J ap- ownership of such things as are guage, gave thanks for all the anese land owners and bankers required entirely for personal benefits which had come to the . has reached the enormous sum use. They have a well conducted country, and traced them to the of yen 700,000,000. church and school and are gov- day on which the missionary, at -Korean Student Bulletin. erned by a chief magistrate and the risk of his life, first brought town council. There is equal the Gospel light to Port Moresby. Mission Hospital Burns sufferage for men and women. The celebration included a The Southern Presbyterian They have no use for money but pageant to represent the landing Mission hospital at Chunju, live by what they can produce or Korea, went up in flames Jan- by barter with ships from the of the missionary. Can 0 e s uary 9. The cause of the fire is outside world. unknown. FortuI}ately, all of rushed out to meet the approachthe 31 patients were removed to safety. The x-ray apparatus and ing boat from the ship, the padmost of the surgical instruments were saved. Insurance on the dles thrashed the water to a building and equipment was yen 25,000. This does not cover the Four Churches in Five Years foam, and the air was rent by loss, but it is hoped that gradually the work can be restored. It is front page news when an blood-curdling yells. So realistic Love and sympathy, also gifts of money have been coming in island with only twelve villages was the demonstration that from Koreans all over the country. Patients who have been has four new churches erected in there was a momentary concern treated, cured and have become Christians in the hospital have five years, and that is what hap- for the safety of the landing walked long distances to offer sympathy and condolences. pened on Savage Island, a coral party. -The Chronicle.

-Christian Observer. island in the Samoan group. The Filipinos Want Books ISLANDS OF THE PACIFIC last church built is the largest. E. K. Higdon, Disciples mis- sionary in the Philippines, Pitcairn Islanders Today It represents an immense amount writes the Christian Century that great excitement has been The romance of the transfor- of sacrifice and labor on th'l part caused in Manila by the arrival mation of the godless mutineers of 20,000 used books from Amerof the Bounty, who sought a of people who, a century ago, ica. These have been distributed refuge on the desolate Pitcairn to ministers, Bible women, sem- Island in the South Pacific were fierce savages and mur- inaries, mission high schools, Ocean, has recently been brought churches and libraries throughto public attention by the publi- dered those who attempted to out the archipelago. He says as cation of three volumes which many as 10,000 volumes can be relate their remarkable history. preach the Gospel. In 1849, disposed of every month if Dr. H. L. Shapiro, a anthropolo- American friends will send them. gist connected with the Amer- Paulo, a Christian convert from Communities that wish to ob- serve a book day for the Philip- Samoa, settled on this island and pines may secure suggestions from Miss Florence G. Tyler, 156 began the task of evangelizing Fifth Avenue, New York; the editor of World Call, Missions the village of Mutalau. It was Building, Indianapolis, or Miss Lulu Heacock, 368 N. Marengo on the anniversary of that date Avenue, Pasadena, Calif.

that the great new church was officially opened. Except for the windows, iron roof and cement floor, all the material was pre- pared by the villagers. The church, complete with seats for over 500 people, all made from bush timber, and a beautiful pul- pit, was completed in 135 work- ing days. No appeal was made for assistance from the Mission fund. -The Chronicle.

ican Museum of Natural His- Lawes Memorial, Papua NORTH AMERICA tory, has recently returned from a two weeks' visit to the island. Sixty years ako William Problems of the Present Day He reports that there is now a George Lawes and his wife In Boston, March 17-20, seven record population of 200 men, landed at Port Moresby to start executive officers, representing women and children – descend- the first L. M. S. station on five denominational boards and ents of the nine English sailors Papua. Last November a grey the International Missionary and twelve Tahitian women who obelisk was unveiled by Gov- Council, discussed "The Missionlanded on the island in 1789. He ernor Hubert Murray on the site ary Approach to the World Toreports them as strong, above of that first white home in the day," with laymen, ministers and the average int~lligence, hospi- territory. One speaker, Vagi students of that vicinity. The

seven leaders of the discussions tian observance. Everyone is As students of Princeton Theologwere Dr. Alden H. Clark, Dr. ical Seminary, and as members of the Ralph E. Diffendorfer, Dr. P. H. urged .to remember the neg- band of Student Volunteers, we be- J. Lerrigo, Dr. John A. Mackay, lieve that Jesus Christ is the only lected, ill, old or poverty-stricken Saviour of the world; we realize that mothers just as they would wish Rev. A. B. Parsons, Dr. A. L. to have their own mothers re- it behoved Christ to suffer, and to rise Warnshuis and Dr. Hugh Ver- from the dead the third day: and non White. Some of the ques- membered in such a plight; to that repentance and remission of sins aid in a ministry of comfort and should be preached in His name among tions taken up were: the remak- cheer to all such unfortunate all nations. We adhere to all the docing of China, with its revolution, women, in gracious and loving trines of the' Presbyterian Church. Because of this belief we a.re eager reformation and renaissance; tribute to their own mothers, or to preach the gospel in foreign lands. rural emphasis in all lands; the to the memory of their mothers. However, because of lack of funds, of , demand for self-government; Cooperation of all national the twenty-one who have volunteered nationalistic reactions; Mr. agencies will be sought, includ- from the last two graduating classes and the present senior class, only two Gandhi and the outcasts; the ing men's and women's clubs, men have been sent to the field. Indian Church facing the future churches, schools and local govin India; the possibility of racial ernments. With an increasing conviction of the explosions in Africa; the cost of world's immediate and imperative need of Christ, we appeal to the Church, rubber, cocoa and soap in the Figures That Speak to individuals or local congregations, land being divided by the white According to statistics of the to share with us the responsibility man; independence and eco- Religion and Welfare Recovery resting upon all the followers of nomic needs; the problem of the Committee, during the depres- Christ, to send us out as your repreminorities; the pagan tribes and sentatives to proclaim the message of Moros in the Philippine Islands; sion contributions to the Church salvation. have decreased by nearly $300,- the miracle of modern Turkey; 000,000, while expenditures for "For whosoever shall call upon the "Etatism" and religion, "Etat- armaments during that same pe- name of the Lord shall be saved. ism" and Western influences; riod have increased $100,000,- How then shall they call on him in progress in church union, and 000. For the hundred years pre- whom they have not believed? and the struggle for religious free- ceding the World War contribu- how shall they believe in him of whom dom in Germany. -Advance. they have not heard? and how shall tions to the Church were almost they hear without a preacher? and how shall they preach except they be sent?"

"Preaching Mission" Planned equal to expenditures for war, We the undersigned are willing and and equaled about one half of desirous to go for evangelistic work At a meeting of the Federal federal government expenses. to any field to which the way ,may Council's Department of Evan- Federal emergency expenses are be opened.

gelism, held on January 25, plans now 12 times greater than our Lutheran Workers Meet for the proposed "N at ion a I Preaching Mission" were the decreasing gifts to church and More than 100 executives, sec- retaries, missionaries and friends chief subject of interest. Great rei i g i 0 u s character-building of Lutheran foreign missions enthusiasm for the undertaking -Advance. was manifested, and the feeling agencies. met in the seventeenth annual expressed that it might have far- convention in Milwaukee, Febreaching effects in kindling a Students Take a Stand ruary 19 and 20. The bodies spiritual revival. At least a year, represented were the United perhaps a longer period, is to be The following statement was Lutheran, Norwegian Lutheran, spent in preparation, the "Mis- recently adopted by a group of Lutheran Augustana Synod, Lu- Christian students, who had met theran Free Church, United sion" not being scheduled to be to clarify their ideas on the Danish Lutheran, American Luheld before 1936. No announce- Christian life. theran, National Lutheran Coun- cil, Santal Lutheran Mission and ment has yet been made of those Our purpose is to become an active Lutheran Orient Mission Society. who will be invited to carryon fellowship of men and women who dethe "Mission" in twenty or"more sire to be definitely, personally, rad- The chief fields where mission ically Christian and to join in the en- stations of the Lutheran Church of the major cities of the nation, deavor to make real the life, principles are tobe found today are India, but it was reported that some of and teachings of Jesus among stu- where American, German, Danthe most inspiring personalities dents, especially in relation to indi- vidual lives, to racial, political, eco- ish missions are found and where of other lands will be included. nomic, national, international and the American field in the Madras other aspects of our modern campus -Federal Council Bulletin. and world society, and with resultant loyalty and commitment to Jesus Christ as preeminently the revealer Presidency is the largest in the Spiritualize Mother's Day of the character of God and the an- _ world " China, where there are Charles V. Vickrey, President swer to the needs of the world. stations maintained by Amer-'

of the Golden Rule Foundation, Princeton Students Appeal ican, Canadian, Swedish, Danish, has inaugurated a Mother's Day Norwegian and Finnish societies program with the idea of getting A group of fourteen Princeton and where there has been organaway from the commercial con- students have appealed for op- ized "The Lutheran Church in cept of the day, and of making portunity to preach the Gospel China"; Africa, where most of it a spiritual and broadly Chris- in any field that may open. the fields are in the Union of

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

South Africa; Japan, where the Church Extension in Colorado tator Cabrera dug in for his com- American Church and the Fin- bination fort and palace, and nish Church are at work; . and Craig Colorado, could qualify from which he shelled his capin Madagascar, New Gumea, as the 'celebrated "jumping-off ital there is taking place a re- Netherlands Indies and Persia. ma;kable evangelistic movement The total annual expenditures place," as it is at the e!ld of the that had its origin in the zeal of are $1,258,070. . Evangeli~tic, line of railroad whIch runs native brethren. That ward is educational, vocational, ~grlCul­ through the famous Moffat tu~­ quite populous and for some time tural and medical work IS done nel. Revi J. N. Bridges. went dIin nearly every field. There are rectly from the semmary to there has been some spontaneous twenty-one hospitals in the vari- work going on, helped occasiopous fields. The personnel figures serve the Congregational.Church ally by lay workers of the mISfor the work done by the Amer- iicnesCrtoaig~nyandcomofmfeurendityhISfarstehrevrican portion of the Church sho~ west which desired them. As a sions. Lately it has burst into 558 missionaries and theIr result, several preaching places real life. wives, and 5,037 native members were opened, scatter~d over of the station staffs. Moffat County. After nme years In one home a baby had died of friendly cooperation, the peo- and the customary wake was go- An outstanding paper was ing on when a group of evanpresented at the convention by ple asked to be organized as the gelical neighbors entered extendmissionary Andrew Burgess, of "Great Divide Church." They Madagascar, showing "~.o w began with a charter member- ing their condolences an? com- Present-Day World QondItIo!ls ship of 53 scattered o~er 100 forting the mourners WIth the Are Affecting ForeIgn MIS- square miles, repr~sentmg the promises and assurance that the sions." Disciples, MethodIst, Presb~­ little one was in the arms of terian Baptist and CatholIc Jesus not in an imaginary lim- Fight Against Lynching churches, about a third of whom bus. 'When the evangelicals en- are young people. The. church Forty organ.iz.ations repr~s~nt­ meets in a grange hall thIrty-five tered the glasses and decanters ing racial, polItical and relIgIOUS miles from the pastor's home and had been hustled out of sight out groups recently ~ponsor~d a the railway. The pastor con- of respect for their known dry mass-meeting in PhIladelphIa for ducts preaching services, but principles, and later pleased the purpose of. educating .the with their comforting thoughts, public to the perIls o~ lynchmg, other activities:-Sunday school, and to arouse mteres~ m the C.os- Young Peoples' Society, ~usiness the parents requested them to .retigan – Wagner Anti – Lynchmg administration, poor relIef, etc. main and help bury the chIld. Bill soon pending in Congress. -are directed by the people. In brief the result of it all was that the' whole large family be- -Missionary Herald. came evangelical and started· such a movement in the vicinity that the work has taken on a With the hope that the spirit of LATIN AMERICA new spirit, and a regular conthis meeting may be furthered, gregation of around 60 now a call is issued to the citizenry .of A Word from Monterey meets there for worship three America urging them to enlIst times a week besides irregular The principal of Colegio I:r~.ter­ meetings. It is a large and themselves in this movement. nacional, Monterey, M e x I c 0, hungry field. writes that school work has been For further information inquiry maintained so far witho~t int~r­ ~E. M. Haymaker. may be made to He~en R. Br~an, ruption, in spite of trymg CIr- Cooperative CommIttee Agamst cumstances. He says: Probationary Membership Lynching, 20 S. 12th Street, Our church (Baptist) has been pos- The Evangelical Church of Philadelphia. sessed by the spirit of revival and Caracas, Venezuela, now re- -Christian Century.

Buddhism in Denver evangelism. We hl!-ve hl!-d wonderful quires a year's probation f.or spiritual services wI~h brImful attend- candidates for membershIp. Denver, Colorado, has a Bud- ance in every meetmg. I have .b~en During this period, the prospecdhist temple, in a very obscure accompanying the pastor on the vISIta- tive member studies, and takes location, where a priest officiat~s tions every Friday afternoon. We two examinations before the sesand regular Sunday school IS have specially visited those bret~ren sion; and besides, his daily life held for about 30 children. The who had quit coming to the serVIces. and habits are watched and, priest also officiates in outlying We prayed with them and persuaded where he fails, he is helped into towns where Japanese are found. the good life by his friends in the Christian work is also carried them to come back to ch:urch. At the church. on among these people. A recent conference of young Japanese, same time we could notIce the lowest -Presbyterian Tribune. held in the city of Denver for grade of poverty that has befallen Christian fellowship and study, some of our fellow-ci~izens. :rhe On the Firing Line • resignation to suffer th.eI.r precan~us situation moved our spIrIt.of chanty to aid them with all our mIght.

-Watchman-Examiner.

was attended by 125 young I?eo- Signs in Guatemala City Dr. Hay, worker for the MispIe from Colorado, Wyommg, sion to Lepers in Uruguay, ~as Nebraska and New Mexico. Not far from the district worn out two horses makmg -Presbyterian Banner. known as "La Palma" where dic- daily trips from the leper colony

to his home in Sapucai, some six teachings written in a popular way Against Nazi Paganism miles. He is brown from the that will appeal to the intellectuals heat. Leaving for the colony at who are not interested in theological Fifty thousand working-class daybreak and returning at dusk, niceties. The Roman Church is turn- people from the Saar and the he finds people awaiting him in ing out such books, and they are being Ruhr assembled at Cologne in a Sapucai who have come from all read far and wide. To them is due driving snowstorm January 22 over Paraguay, and some from in considerable part the turn toward to help launch the Catholic as far as Buenos Aires, a thou- that faith. Church's newest drive against sand miles away. He is doing the neo-pagan movement. The what has often been attempted Jewish Oonverts in Hungary thousands who could not jam here, but never accomplished- their way into Cologne'S famous getting a leper colony started The Budapest Presbytery of cathedral stood outside in the without a furore from th~ Cath- the Reformed Church in Hun- snow to listen through loud- olic Church. He is awakening gary in December unanimously speakers, while church leaders interest in lepers on every hand, passed recommendations t hat assailed those seeking to undertreating patients from some of will result in a uniform method mine the Church and faith in the the most distinguished families, for all churches in Budapest in divinity of Christ. Although down to the humblest peon. In dealing with Jewish applicant'" Alfred Rosenberg, Nazi philohis own town of Sapucai, where for baptism. In the past, dif- sophical dictator and head of the his life was threatened, and ferent conditions were required German faith movement, was where he was menaced with be- by different pastors or churches, not mentioned by name, one of ing jailed for bringing the and applicants sought out those the speakers said: lepers there, he now has a sub- where the path to baptism was commission formed of the most easiest. This resulted in certain Today we find forces at work to prominent women, who have abuses. Now in view of the undermine the whole of Christ's hishelped prepare the Christmas above recommendations, all Jew- torical life, nay, to dissolve it finally program for the lepers, and have ish applicants for baptism in into nothing more than a myth. Whoasked to be allowed to go to the Budapest will be put on a six ever robs Christ of His divine nature colony to witness the fiesta. months' probationary period, robs mankind of human dignity. during which catechetical in- Ohurch for Leper Town struction will be given, and evi- During recent weeks many dence must be shown that the Catholic church organs have The government of Brazil has applicant has had a sincere re- published open or veiled attacks 'isolated about 4,000 of Sao ligious experience. The Buda- on Dr. Rosenberg and his teach- Paulo's 8,000 lepers, and built pest Presbytery hopes i!s a~tion ings, and the Cologne Dioce~e several whole towns populated will be adopted and applIed III all has published refutations of hIS entirely by lepers; with del}tists, Reformed Churches in Hungary. assault on church doctrine. Such a precedent would help to -New York Times.

police, workers and professIOnals secure similar action elsewhere German Faith Movement of many other kinds, drawn from where there is similar laxity and among the patients. One such abuse. Friends of Europe, a publicatown of 1,100 people asks for a -International Missionary tion giving a survey of German periodicals, quotes the twenty- Protestant Church, to cos t Council. five theses of the German-Nordic $1,500.

EUROPE Growth of Waldensians Faith Movement. A few of these Intellectuals Turn to Religion There are many Waldensian give the trend of the movement: The Living Church states that churches in Italy. Rev. Guido Thesis 11: Man is not God. But the intellectuals in England are turning to religion in large num- Comba, who. preaches regularly he is the place in which God is bor!!. bers and that the Roman Church God comes into being and grows In and 'the Anglo-Catholics are the in the beautiful church near the man. If God does not come in man, chief beneficiaries of the move- he never comes. ~herefore the Germent. Rev. Humphrey Beevor Vatican in Rome, says that the man Religion represents the supreme recently said to a group of religion of belief in Man. clergy: violent anticlerical spirit is not The young men of old church fa!ll- nearly as much in evidence as it ilies whose parents lost all touch WIth religion are eagerly looking into the was a generation ago. Even Thesis 15: The ethics of the Gerteachings of Christianity at Oxford these days. But they have to be priests are reading the New man Religion denounce all belief. in taught the rudi~e!lts. At. home t~ey received no traInIng or InstructIon. Testament. Nominal Catholics inherited stihn~rays well as the JewIsh- What the Church needs most of all is Christian of the inherent sinan output of books on her history and have not the same fear as for- fulness of the world and of man. Such merly of being found in a Prot- a theory is not onlv un-German but estant place of worship. Italy immoral and nonreligious. Those who now has about 100,000 Protes- preach it endanger the morals of the tants and four-fifths of the funds people.

for home mission work comes Thesis 16: Those who fo·rgive s~ns sanction sins. The forgiveness of SInS from Waldensian church mem- undermines religious ethics and de- bers. -The Christian. stroys the morals of the people.

Books ~bt 1king'1) 1Jju1)int1)1

Robert Laws of Livingstonia. James published by Johnston. 2s. 26 pp. Pickering & Inglis. Glasgow. BIBLE INSTITUTE OF LOS ANGELES George Muller – The Man of Faith. A monthly Bible Family Magazine with something in it Frederick G. Warne. 2s. 240 pp. for every member of the family circle Pickering & Inglis. Glasgow. I ssUED for twenty-five years without interruption. THE KING'S BUSI- Women Under the Southern Cross. NESS has consistently represented the best thought of the funda- Margaret Ross Miller. 208 pp. 50 mental Christian churches of the nation. In addition to its cents, paper; $1.00, cloth. Central interesting contributions by leading teachers, evangelists and pastors, Committee for the United Study of it prints every month several valuable departments, including: An Foreign Missions. Boston. International Lesson Commentary, Notes on Christian Endeavor, Daily Devotional Readings, Girls' Query Corner, Junior King's Business, and God's Soldier: General William Helps for Preachers and Teachers. Trial subscriptions (3 months) 25c; Booth. 2 vols. St. John Irvine. Annual subscriptions $1.50. The following premiums are at present 616 and 619 pp. Heinemann. Lon· available free with annual subscriptions: a teacher's Bible, it copy of don. 36s lamison'S Bible Chart, or a copy of Objects that Talk and Teach, con- taining 52 new and interesting object lessons. The supply of each of The Life and Letters of the Rev. R. these premiums is limited, so order at once. P. MacKay, D.D.: A Record of Faith, Friendship and Good Cheer. Address: Andrew Thomson. Illus. 195 pp. Ryerson Press. Toronto. 558 South Hope Street Los Angeles, California The Mongols of Manchuria. Owen Lattimore. Maps. 311 pp. 8s. 6d. Allen & Unwin. London.

Forward in Western China. E. L Stewart. Map. 77 pp. Is. Church Missionary Society. London.

Lawrence of Lucknow, 1806-1857. J. L. Morrison. Illus. Map. 348 pp. 15s. Bell. London.

Obituary Notes his work in the Union Training School Lawrenceville, Va., on the campus of at Ahmednagar where they have the St. Paul Normal and Industrial Mrs. Adelaide B. Fairbank Wright, worked together ever since in this School, of which he was the founder wife of Rev. Horace K. Wright, and interdenominational school for the and principal emeritus. He was 77 daughter of Rev. Edward Fairbank, training of Indian young people for years old. His son, the Rev. James D.D., and Mrs. Fairbank, Vadala Mis- Christian leadership among the rural Alvin Russell, is now principal of the sion, India, died at Vengurla, India, population of the great Bombay school. on February 7, 1935. Mrs. Wright Presidency. was born in Mahablesawar, India, Dr. Russell was born of slave pargraduated from Mt. Holyoke College *** ents, Solomon and Araminta Russell, and Hartford Seminary, and went to on the Henrick estate at Palmer's India under the Presbyterian Church, Rev. Archibald Forder, a native of Springs, Mecklenburg' County, Va. He U. S. A. In 1919 she married Rev. attended rural schools and then went Horace K. Wright and joined him in Salisbury, England, who had lahored to Hampton Institute where he wit- many years among the Arabs of Pales- nessed the graduation of Booker T. Word Studies tine, died in November at the age of Washington, Jater princi]Jal of the 69. During the '"Val', ~11·. FOl'der was Tuskegc(' Institute. in the imprisoned at Damascus until the Armistice. He was the author of a In 1888 he started St. Paul's School Old Testament book on the Arabs and one on "Petra, in a three-room building, with his wife Perea, Phcenicia," a description of and one other helping him to teach ;C'1Y' C'lil'1l-n'M "1:"" Y'¥ '.l) "1On IV:' areas little visited. less than a dozen pupils. Now there are more than 700. In 1928 the Har- ISAIAH 40: 8 *** mon Foundation awarded him the Harmon medal for useful achievement A Hebrew·Christian·s masterly interpre- Miss Clara A. Converse, mission- and leadership of his race. tation of the hidden mysteries and beau- ary in Japan for the Woman's Bap- ties of the Old Testament Scriptures. A tist Foreign Mission Society, died onco! uled, ),ou 'IJIDU/J ntH'r be 'Without ;1. remarkable work that will fascinate and January 24 in Yokohama. She was prove of untold yal ue to every reader principal of the Soshin J 0 Gakko for fEATURES: Introduction. by Professor George Shaw B.O of the Bible. over 30 years, during which time 600 graduates went out to become Chris- The Lmon YeT$e by Veru, by Rev, Da·id J. fant, Jr Read what one well-known educator tian mothers, teachers and social and pastor has to say: workers. Miss Converse was instru- Lmom from the Lmon, by Rev Ira E. David, Ph.D mental in starting kindergartens in "I heartily commend "Word Studies" by Yokohama, before she retired in 1926. Side Lights on the LeHon, Selected from Many Authors Mr. B. A. M. Schapiro. I have known him Th~ Beginnm' Class, by Eleanor M, Jones and for sixteen years, recognize his profound He· *** braic scholarship. his masterly use of Enl(lish Martha L. Fesmire. and his thorough acquaintance with the Gas- The Rev. Dr. Frank Lincoln Moore, The Primary Class, by Stella M. Rudv pe! message. Mr. Schapiro discovers and re- Secretary of Home Missions for the leases from the Hebrew words in the Old Congregational Church in the terri- The Junior Crall, by Addie Marie French. Testament untold and unexpected riches." tory west of the Mississippi, died in SIlggt'stions for Ihe Superintendent. by Rev. F L. Squires Chicago on March 28 at 69 years of Two volumes of "Word Studies" published. Send only 10e in i for current iS$ul'. Price, Jifty cents per volume. age. Please do not send stamps. *** B. A. M. SCHAPIRO 678 Bible House, Astor Place, New York City The Rev. Dr. James Solomon Rus- sell, one of the leading Negro educa- tors of the United States and the first member of his race elected a Bishop of the Protestant Episcopal Church, died on March 28 at his home in

Day ofthe CoveredWagon Has

But not the day of Home Missions. Read our June (1935) Special Number An Unusual Series oj Articles and Authors HOME MISSIONS-OLD AND NEW …. , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . MARK A. DAWBER THE OLD AND NEW FRONTIERS ………………… HERMANN N. MORSE CHRISTIANIZING THE SOCIAL PROGRAM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PAUL D. EDDY ADVENTURES IN CHRISTIAN RECONSTRUCTION . . . . . . . JOHN M. HESTENES SOME MODERN "ISM" IN AMERICA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . G. GLENN ATKINS THE CHURCH AND THE RURAL PROBLEM ………….. RALPH A. FELTON NEW AMERICANS AND THEIR CHILDREN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . W. G. SCHAEFFER THE AMERICAN YOUTH FOR CHRIST .. , …………… ROY W. BURKHART THE CHURCH AND THE UNEMPLOYED ……………EDGAR M. WAHLBERG OUR NEGLECT OF THE JUVENILE CRIMINAL. ., ……… H. N. DICKERSON THE NEW DAY AND THE OLD GOSPEL. …………. , ….. HUGH T. KERR BEST BOOKS ON HOME MISSIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . MABEL SHEIBLEY Ten Other Articles Oil Vital TopicJ–Maps and illust1'ations Order Your Copies NOW·-·For Study Circles and Conferences 25 Cents a Copy $2.50 a Year THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD ROBERT E. SPEER, President DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Editor Send Your Order to MISSIONARY REVIEW PUBLISHING CO., INC., Third and Reily Streets, Harrisburg, Pa.

r—·—- .——.—-) CUTS FOR SALE I AGENTS WANTED Excellent halftone plates and line cuts (undam- THE MISSIONARY REVIEW aged) used in THE MISSIONARY REVIEW can be sold in quantities to during the past two years. every Missionary Society. It fur- nishes information in brief, in- For sale at one-third the cost. These are val- teresting form for leaders and uable for local or denominational papers. Vivid discussion groups. Why not act pictures of life all over the world. as our Agent in yo"ur church or community? You can advance American Highlands the cause of Foreign Missions, American Indians and at the same time can earn Africans—Heathen and Christian China—Old and New A Liberal Commission Japan and Korea India's Idols and Christians • Results in Moslem Lands Savages and Saints Address-·-Circulation Manager The PacifiC Islanders The Missionary Review of the World • I Third and Reily Streets c§end to Harrisburg, Pa. I~- The Missionary Review of the World Third and Reily Streets Harrisburg, Pa.

The Missionary Review of the World — April 1935

APRIL,1935

India at the Crossroads William A. Stanton Caste Christians Among the Telugu c. H. Smiley What One Pastor Did for Missions Cleland B. McAfee Can We Interest College Students?

Wilmina Rowland Thank God and Take Courage—Why?

Delavan L. Pierson Negro Youth Challenges White Youth J. S. Ledbetter 25 Cents a Cop, $2.50 a Year

to Remember Obituary Note. Haile Selassie, and a staff

in the George Memorial Hospital at April 21-Easter. Rev. Christopher Noss, D.D., of Addis Ababa. He is survived by his April 2S-Fiftieth Anniversary of the Wakamatsu, Japan, died on December wife, Mrs. Agnes Forbes Pollock; a 31, 1934, after a notable missionary brother, Rev. J. B. Pollock of Garner, Woman's Home Missionary Society, career of 35 years. Dr. Noss was an Iowa, and a sister, Miss Mary Pol- New York East Conference, St. honored missionary of the Reformed lock, of Ontario, Canada. Mark's Church, Brooklyn, N. Y. Church in the United States. A week May 2-5 – Young Men's Missionary before Christmas he had gone to ••• Congress under the auspices of the Aomori Prefecture to fill engagements Laymen's Missionary Movement, for his son, Rev. George S. Noss, who Prof. Johannes DuPlessis, of Stel- Chicago. was ill with pneumonia. On Christ- lenbosch Theological College, South May 21-23-National Council of Fed- mas night he held a communion serv- Africa, died on February 16. Prof. erated Church Women. Annual ice and the next day he suffered a DuPlessis was a teacher and traveler Meeting. Rochester, N. Y. stroke. The funeral service was held and the author of several authorita- May 22-General Assembly United at Sendai on January 5. tive books on Africa. His "Christ Presbyterian Church, Akron, Ohio. Through the Dark Continent," pub- May 23-General Assembly, Presby- **• lished in 1917, gives an interesting terian Church in the U. S. A., Cin- record of a 17,000-mile journey, tra- cinnati, Ohio. Frank Lenwood, formerly a secre- versing Africa by different routes. May 26-Rural Life Sunday. tary of the London Missionary So- He also wrote a "History of Chris- May 30-General Assembly, Presby- ciety died on September 6, 1934. tian Missions in South Africa," which terian Church in the U. S., Mon- From 1909 to 1912 he was a mission- is an encyclopedic account and survey treat, N. C. ary in Benares; when in 1912 ty- June 9-1S-Church Conference of So- phoid invalided him home, he was ap- • • of the work. cial Work, Montreal, Canada. pointed one of the Foreign Secretaries, June 20-25-Northern Baptist Con- with special care of India and the • vention, Colorado Springs, Colorado. South Seas. He took a leading part June 26-July 2 – Winona Summer in the cooperative work of the British The Rev. George W. Marshall, a School of Missions, Winona Lake, Societies, and in the promotion of the missionary of the Presbyterian Board Indiana. International Missionary Co u n c i I. of Foreil!'n Missions, U. S. A., since July 2-7-International Christian En- When he retired from the L. M. S. at 1896, dicld at Canton, China, on Feb- deavor Convention, Philadelphia, fifty years of age he took the pastor- ruary 14, on the eve of his retirement. Pa. ate of a church in East London. He Mr. Marshall was born at Amesville, August 7-12-World Convention of was killed on September 6, while Ohio, in 1865, and received his higher the Disciples of Christ, Leicester, climbing the Aiguille d'Argentiere in education at Westminster College, Mo., England. and at McCormick Theological Sem- Switzerland. • • • inary. He was engaged in evangelis- II If you use tic work. Mrs. W. P. Thirkield, wife of ••• PRINTING Bishop Thirkield of the Methodist Church, died in a Brooklyn hospital, The Best Loved Korean YOU will profit from an ac- February 14. Mrs. Thirkield was quaintanceship with us. We long an active worker in the Meth- Dr. O. R. Avison, founder and first do the job complete in our own odist Church. Under her tenure of president of Chosen Christian College, plant, whether it be large or office as trustee of the Home Mission calls Dr. Yun Tchi Ho the "best small. Society, the annual budget of the So- known, best loved and most influential ciety was increased from less than man in Korea. The seventieth anni- While our specialty is Books, $1,000,000 to $3,000,000. After her versary of Dr. Yun (formerly called Magazines and Pamphlets, yet retirement she raised $50,000 in $1,000 Baron Yun) was celebrated last year we have a variety of modern in Seoul. A committee of seventy was equipment to meet all the re- • • gifts during a jubilee campaign. formed-thirty foreigners and forty quirements of your particular Korean Christians from all the job. You will find our service • churches represented in the country. prompt, careful and courteous. Each of these committee members was Dr. James Matthews Hoover, for asked to secure seven other members Will you allow us to estimate 32 years a missionary of the Meth- -making 560 in all-to whom were on your next printing ? We be- odist Episcopal Church to Chinese added special friends from England, lieve you will be delighted with emigrants in the wilds of Borneo, died America, Canada, China, Japan, Po- our product, price and service. in Singapore, Straits Settlements. land, Sweden and Switzerland.

The EVANGELICAL PRESS "Jim" Hoover, as he was affection- On November 15th the Chungdong ately known on three continents, con- Methodist Church of Seoul was filled Printers of tributed to the colonists' economic to overflowing to celebrate the anni- growth, as well to their education and versary of this Christian nobleman. In The Missionary Review of the World spiritual life. He helped in the de- the audience were Dr. Yun's aged velopment of the rubber industry in mother, his wife and twelve living PLANT AND MAIN OFFICE Borneo, introduced the first rice mill sons and daughters, in addition to Third Ind Reily Streets Hlrrlsburg, Pa. and the first saw mill – replacing government officials, missionaries, for- hand labor. He introduced the first eign consuls, business and professional ice-making machine, now replaced by men. a city refrigerating plant at Sibu. He took over, for the Rajah, the op- A two hundred and fifty page illus- eration of the Sarawak wireless sta- trated life of Dr. Yun has been writ- tion and made it an educational cen- ten by Dr. Kim Yung Huei, telling ter. His service has caused him to the fascinating story of this remark- be called the father of modern Sara- able man, who has been a Christian wak's industrial, educational and so- for over forty years. In the early days he suffered for his faith and for • • • cial development. many years has served his country in Dr. Alexander W. Pollock, medical diplomatic and cabinet posts, as a missionary of the United Presbyterian Christian educator, church officer, Church, died Qf a cerebral hemorrhage general secretary and president of the in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, on Febru- Y. M. C. A. He was a Korean dele- ary 25th. He spent 20 years in Egypt gate to the Edinburgh Missionary as a medical missionary and went to Conference in 1910. We plan to have Ethiopia ten years ago, where he be- an illustrated story of his life in an came a close friend of the emperor, early number of the REVIEW.

you know how it can be improved •••••••••••••

THE MISSIONARY tell the Editor. Here are some recent "1aciH.9 the e'r.isis 0t the REVIEW OF THE WORLD commendations. What do you think? eh'r.istiess ?nultitu~es11 DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Editor "We find more ways of using the VOL. LVIII APR., 1935 No.4 articles and the various departments Publication and Business Office– Third and Reily Sts., Harrisburg, Pa. all the time. Our Young people's Editorial and Executive Office– group have delighted in the illustra- 156 Fifth Avenue, New York City. Entered as second-class matter at tions." HARRIET E. DORMAN, Geneva, N. Y. Post Office, Harrisburg, Pa., under Under the Auspices of the Act of March 3, 18-79. "I advised a *wo*ma*n in Evansville, Indiana, to subscribe for your excel- W orId Dominion 25 cents a copy-$2.50 a year. Movement Foreign Postage, 50 cents a year. lent magazine. I would not wish to be Published monthly, except August. All rights reserved. Copyrighted 1935. without it myself." British agents – Marshall, Morgan MRS. THOMAS NICHOLSON, and Scott, 12 Paternoster Buildings, Mt. Vernon, Iowa, President, Wom- Great Missionary Evening London, E. C. 1 shilling per copy, an's Foreign Missionary Society, 10 shillings a year. Methodist Episcopal Church. Marble Collegiate Church MISSIONARY REVIEW PUB- LISHING CO., INC. Personal Items 29th and Fifth Avenue, New York City BOARD OF DIRECTORS April 11th, 1935, at 8 P. M. ROBERT E. SPEER, President WM. 1. CHAMBERLAIN, Vice-President Dr. Robert M. Hopkins, General Chairman: Robert E. Speer WALTER MCDOUGALL, Treasurer Secretary of the WorId's Sunday Speakers: Rev. K. Scott Latourette, D.D. DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Secretary School Association, is to visit Puerto Rico this spring in the interests of Rev. Iohn A. Mackay, Ph.D. SAMUEL MCCREA CAVERT creating an interdenominational de- Rev. Samuel M. Zwemer, D.D. MRS. ORRIN R. JUDD partment of religious education to be directed by an aggressive full-time A WORLD SURVEY WM. B. LIPPHARD secretary, with perhaps two associates ERIC M. NORTH trained especially for service in the Revealing the Present Unique Oppor- elementary and young people's divi- tunities for World-Wide Evangelism. JESSE R. W'ILSON sions. It is expected that the per- sonnel will be entirely national. The Potentialities of the Indigenous A. L. WARNSHUIS Church.

SAMUEL M. ZWEMER 7.30···MVSIC Editorial Chat *** Organ Recital .•••..•.. Richard T. Percy Solo Violin •••…•. Gizella Ehrenwerth Miss Ruth F. Woodsmall, who has NewYqrkYouth Center SymphonyOrchesua been a member of various commis- Conductor ..•.• Lee Olson sions studying social conditions and What topics, vitally related to the problems of the Near East and Orien- YOU AND YOUR FRIENDS ARE work of Christ at home or abroad, tal countries, and who for a number would you like to see presented in the of years has been identified with the . CORDIALLY INVITED pages of THE REVIEW? The field is so Young Women's Christian Association, has been elected General Secretary of World Dominion Offices the World Council of the Y. W. C. A. Her new duties will begin in Septem- New York City ber. Miss Woodsmall will watch over ••••••••••••• 156 Fifth Avenue great, the opportunities so vast, the the activities of nearly 5,000,000 wom- en in fifty lands. Indian girls still work so marvelous in many cases, that wearing the sari and playing tennis behind curtains; Japanese stenogwe have need for more than human raphers, German girls studying home economics, and Russian refugees in wisdom and vision in selecting topics the hostels of Istanbul learning to earn the Laymen's Missionary Movement. their living-all these will be included A number of nationally known misand authors. in her job. sionary leaders are' among the speak- ers. *** *** Again-do you know of remarkable Dr. Edward Hume, Secretary of and authenticated answers to prayer, the Central Bureau of Medical Mis- sions of the Foreign Missions Conferoutstanding cases of conversion and ence of North America, is visiting India to talk over with medical workthe transformation of communities, ers their problems.

notable types of Christlike work at The America*n o*ffice* of The World home and abroad, or effective meth- Dominion Movement, of which Miss Constance Brandon is the Internaods for stimulating missionary inter- tional Secretary, has been moved to 156 Fifth Avenue, New York. est in the youth or in the church at *•* home? Write the Editor about them *** Bishop Arthur J. Moor.e, of the or tell us who can describe them so Rev. Eugene C. Carder, D.D., as- Methodist Episcopal Church, South, has been assigned to the Orient, that REVIEW readers may be inter- sociate minister of Riverside Church, Europe and Africa for the next four years. After spending some time in ested and stimulated. New York, has been elected president Korea, Japan and China, he has gone to Wembo Nyama, Belgian Congo. The plans fo*r a *spe*cial Home Mis- of the Greater New York Federation of Churches, first Baptist head of the ••* sion number of THE REVIEW are taking shape. Among the twenty topics Federation. Dr. E. J. Pace, Christian cartoonist to be presented are: Home Missions and lecturer on Bible themes who was *** planning to make a tour of the world, Yesterday and Today; The Christian Jorge Bocobo, LL.D., leading was taken seriously ill in the French Youth Movements; The Opportunity Sudan, Africa. He wrote on January Methodist layman of the Philippine 13 saying that he is recovering and expected to return to America. After of the Christian Home; The Church Islands, has been inaugurated as a short rest in Florida he expects to be ready to take speaking engage- . and the Unemployed; Present. Day President of the University of the ments. Philippines, Manila, highest educa- Frontiers; The Church and the Crim- tional institution in the Islands, with inal; Rural Americans and the more than 7,000 students. He is also Church; New Americans and Their Children; Union and Cooperation in president of the National Christian Home Missions; Best Books on Home Council. Missions (annQtated and classified). ••• Do not miss this issue of THE RE- Prof. Arthur H. Compton, a Nobel prize winner in Physics, has been VIEW. Order copies for your mis- elected chairman of the· National sionary circle now. It is to be pub- Young Men's Congress which is called to meet in Chicago on May 2. lished May 25th. All Protestant churches are to par- ticipate in this congress sponsored by *** If you find [161 ] Are you a booster?

THE REVIEW helpful, tell your friends.

LATE LAPSLEY ARMSTRONG McAFEE POSTER OF THE YOUTH MOVEMENT

Used in the United Christian Youth Conferences. A pastor who sent from his church 114 members to full- time Christian service in 15 lands. (See page 175.) (See page 166.) AT THES'PUDENT CONFERENCE ON MISSIONS, HARTFORD, CONNECTICUT, MARCH 1 to 3, 1935. (See page 181.) THREE FORCES USED' TO ENLIST YOUTH IN THE SERVICE OF CHRIST (See pages 166, 175, 179 and 181) ORLD VOLUME LVIII AN INTERDENOMINATIONAL REVIEW OF WORLD-WIDE CHRISTIAN PROGRESS NUMBER FOUR APRIL, 1935 Topics of the Times THE RELIGIOUS CONFLICT IN MEXICO In fourteen states, with a total of over 6,000,- By a recent decree of President Cardenas all 000 population, no priests or clergy are permitted religious literature is barred from the mails in to officiate; in the other fifteen states and the Mexico. This probably means that Bibles, Chris- Federal District the proportion authorized is from tian tracts and religious newspapers cannot be circulated. The reason given is that since the one to thirty clergy for every 200,000 people.* postal service is an important agency for the dissemination of ideas, the Government will not al- These restrictive steps were taken by Mexico low its facilities to be used to transmit ideas con- only after repeated attempts had been made to trary to its own program for national culture. persuade the Papal hierarchy to cease its opposi- This program is distinctly socialistic and anti- tion to Government reform movements. religious-or at least non-religious. General Obregon, long before the religious laws This decree follows other Mexican laws limit- were rigidly enforced, when he saw the fierce Papal opposition to the program of the Revolu- tion, appealed to the Church as. follows: ing the number of clergy in each state, prohibiting I exhort you for the good of our people that you neither secular education by religious teachers, putting calumniate nor injure the progress of that essentially church property under the control of the State, Christian humanitarian program which the Government and forbidding foreign clergy to officiate in reli- seeks to develop in our country. Its oppressed classes have for many long and bitter years experienced sundry gious rites. According to the latest restrictions injusticeS and have missed the spirit of brotherhood and justice which should have prevailed in the directing upper private schools must not propagate any religious classes, who have neglected the noble part of man's mis- sion on earth and instead exerted all their efforts to pile creed. up their material fortunes. I assure you with all sin- The reasons for these restrictions and prohi- cerity that not only will you not encounter any ObStacle . bitions go back to the days of struggle for Mex- ican independence in 1810 when the Roman Cath- in carrying out the tenets of your religion in this country, olic Church took active sides with Spain and in but that you will have the sympathy of every Mexkan.

favor of the monarchists. The papal hierarchy But he appealed in vain. The Roman Catholic and the priests in Mexico have always been active authorities have bitterly opposed practically the in politics and through the great wealth in the whole educational and social program of the State hands of the Church, their private schools and -including socialized and sex education as well religious observances, they have exerted immense as the anti-religious socialism. Students in some influence over the unlettered masses. The fault universities-as in Guadalajara-have engaged in has been with the policies and activities of the strikes and demonstrations against the socialistic Roman Catholic Church which has always stood education and at one place 15,000 people joined for the supremacy of the Church and has antag- in the demonstration. onized Mexican leaders who have sought to promote reforms in politics, economic conditions and The Government is determined to control the education. No fault has been found with the education of Mexican youth and to create as ~ear­ Protestant mission work but this has naturally ly as possible a "totalitarian State," with a; discome under the general ban against all religious tinctly national culture and program. Their prom:.. propaganda. As a result evangelical, as well as ise of success is seen in the fact that a leading Catholic schools, have been closed and all religious educationalist of Teacher's College, ~ew York, 'as- work is being greatly hindered. * According to an unverified statement in Tite ~Chri8tian Century, [163 ]

serts that the Government is putting into effect three states which happen to be its least popu- "the most complete system of universal education lated. Schools and churches were closed in Sonora ever planned by any nation." The largest item but they are gradually being reopened. Recently in the national budget is not for war but for edu- the Presbyterian Mission in Yucatan was recation. quested to reopen its school without signing any kind of a document limiting its activities. Nu- In contrast to the Roman Catholic priests, the merous other Evangelical schools are open, as is Protestant missionaries have conformed to the the American school in Mexico City and many laws regulating their institutional work. While other private institutions. Daily Vacation Bible Evangelical Christians do not sympathize with schools were held last summer with great enthuanti-religious propaganda or the decrees against siasm in various parts of the Republic. Conferreligious liberty, some have spoken in defense of ences on religious education, with a faculty comthe radical reform movement. Dr. Victoriano D. posed of Professor G. Baez Camargo and various Baez, Director of the Methodist Boy's School in visitors, were held in San Luis, in the rural dis- Puebla and a translator of the New Testament, trict of San Miguel, Aguascalientes, and in Rio writes as follows: Verde. Young peoples' camps have also been de- veloped in various parts of the country under the Here in Mexico, facing the strong fanaticism and in- auspices of the Committee on Religious Education. tolerance which has ()Ccasioned unaccountable <l.rawbacks to society and infinite calamities to humble people, why As a matter of fact while institutional religious must- we be frightened at the Revolution? Do we not work is more difficult in Mexico, and some forms love the people and long fervently for their social and of propaganda are prohibited, there is almost unmoral redemption? Do we not have a social creed in the limited opportunity for truly Christian work, if body of our beliefs, extraordinarily advanced, humani- it is carried on by those who have spiritual aims tarian, Christian, in order to emphasize the teachings of and use spiritual methods. The Presbyterian mis- Jesus concerning the incomparable platform of love of sionaries in Mexico, after a survey of the situation one's neighbor? Of what are we frightened, therefore? last December, said: Do we fear that they will close our churches and oblige us to deny our beliefs? Nothing of this kind will hap- It is true that the recently approved amendment to the pen, we feel sure. Federal Constitution, proposed to root out "fanaticism" throughout the country, and that a group within the There are officials in the Federal and State gov- official circle wishes to wipe out all religion, but another ernments who are far from antagonistic to all powerful group within that same circle is definitely aimreligion. Evangelical leaders are convinced that ing to exterminate the fanaticism engendered by the Rothe most effective way to cooperate with them man Catholic system, while leaving the people free to find and to overcome any tendency to persecution, or true religion. curtailment of religious liberty by the State, is not by protests and interference from the United We are convinced that, in spite of the apparent diffi- States, not by economic or social boycott, but by culties in the way of Christian work, Mexico is in reality a manifestation of understanding and sympathy more open than ever before to the message of the Gospel with the best Mexican aims to purify politics, to when presented in a direct, personal way, apart from promote education and reform and to raise the ecc1esiasticalism and other non-essentials. The opportunieconomic, moral and social status of the people. ties for personal work are unlimited. From all sides Protestant missionaries are true friends of the comes the testimony that it is easier to interest people in Mexicans. They are working only for their bene- the Bible than it ever has been. We believe that if the fit, not from any selfish or unworthy motive, and various Missions and Churches take due advantage of the will cooperate with the Government in any way present opportunities, we shall see astounding results in that will advance righteousness, peace, culture, the next few years. Our present difficulties have mostly and prosperity. to do with the impossibility of continuing certain old methods of work in some parts of the field, rather than The Methodist Episcopal Board of Foreign Mis- with the essential matter of the propagation of the Gossions, in declining to join in any united protest pel itself. to the Mexican Government, made this statement: THE STRUGGLE IN SPAIN While we regret curbs on free speech and on religious liberty, we believe that true religion alone can promote Recent disturbances in Spain were chiefly due and support those moral standards, both individual and to the efforts of the Catholic Party to gain consocial, upon which an enduring nation can be built. To trol of the Government, thus endangering the rethis end, real liberty and social enlightenment must ever ligious liberty and other ideals for which Spaninclude freedom of conscience in the worship of God. We iards contended in the revolution of 1931. The are convinced, however, that the type of action now being Spanish people do not object to having Roma'u urged in Congress not only endangers friendly relations Catholics in the Government-Niceto Alcala Zawith our neighbors to the South, but also serves no good mora, elected president by the Republicans, is a purpose for the furtherance of essential religious liberty devout Catholic. The protest is against the activiin Mexico. ties of Catholic monarchists who seek to reestab- lish a monarchy. The Catholic Party is accused Both Catholic and Protestant churches are open generally in Mexico, with the exception of two or

TOPICS OF THE TIMES

of trying to prevent the carrying out of laws gelistic campaign to present Christ to the working and ideals on the basis of which the Spanish Re- classes of Spain. He writes: "If we could only public was established three years ago, and for cover the whole of Spain so as to bring the Gospel this reason Liberals are opposed to having leaders of Jesus Christ to the people, Spain would reof the Catholic Party as secretaries of the De- spond. A new mood is taking hold of the common partments of Labor and Justice. people-a mood that is looking toward Christ rather than toward Karl Marx." The Socialist and Syndicalist Parties in Spain number over two million while those registered A YOUNG MEN'S MISSIONARY CONGRESS in the Catholic Party number only 50,000 voters. General strikes have been promoted by the Social- Three of the events in the past half century ists and Communists as a result of the Catholic that have most powerfully stimulated interest and political activity. Bombs, shootings and general activity in world-wide Christian missions have riots resulted in many deaths and in the destruc- been the formation of the Student Volunteer tion of much property. Dr. Juan Orts-Gonzales, Movement in 1886, the Ecumenical Missionary who was in Spain during the disturbances, de- Conference held in New York in 1900, and the clares that most of the stories of horrible cruelties establishment of the Laymen's Missionary Moveperpetrated by the revolutionaries are untrue. ment in 1910. The first enlisted educated youth, The same authority says that ·Spain "has now the second awakened the Church as a whole, and repudiated both communism and violence"; that the third aroused Christian laymen to a more the Socialist leaders advocate legal methods of sympathetic and adequate support of the work. obtaining their ends; that the present Govern- All were born in prayer, and were promoted by ment is stronger and more republican than ever. prayer and sacrifice; they were based on faith in the Bible as the Word of God, in Jesus Christ as The religious situation in Spain is not reassur- the Son of God and in the need of all men for ing for the masses are still ignorant of Christ salvation through His atoning work on the Cross. and too often link Him up with a political papal party and with greedy capitalism. There is need Today one of the greatest needs is a new awakfor a clearer revelation of Christ and His Gospel ening among the young men of the Churchto supply the moral and spiritual needs and long- potential leaders of tomorrow. They are generings of the people. ally interested in making a better world but if they are not intelligently and sacrificially com- One of the outstanding Spanish leaders of en- mitted to the program and ideals of Christ at lightened thought is Prof. Miguel de Unammo home and abroad, who is to carryon the work? who has been made life rector of the University of Madrid, and who is recognized as representing To bring together young men who are interthe best qualities of the Spanish race. In a lec- ested in the missionary enterprise, and to enlist ture, delivered before the President of the Repub- others, a "National Young Men's Missionary Conlic and of the members of the Government, he gress" is to be held in Chicago from May 2d quoted from the Gospel of John and said: "Have through May 5th. This is a fitting way to mark faith in the Word; be men of God, the supreme the twenty-fifth anniversary of the Laymen's King and supreme Word. Let Him recognize us Missionary Movement under whose auspices the as belonging to Him in Spain." To the Roman congress will meet. Prof. Arthur H. Compton Catholic leaders he said in a widely published of the University of Chicago, the well-known winarticle: "If you had preached Christ as a friend ner of the Nobel award in physics, is chairman of of the poor and humble, instead of a friend of the the Committee on Arrangements. Other promiwealthy and powerful; a friend of sinners in- nent Christian laymen, pastors and executives are stead of a friend of aristocrats, then they would also cooperating with Mr. F. J. Michel, executive have accepted the Christ of the Gospel." secretary of the Movement.

Spain is not dead to moral and religious truth The general theme announced is "Jesus Christ but is greatly in need of the Christ as He is and the World Today." This will be presented by presented in the New Testament. Dr. Juan Orts- addresses by well-known speakers and its various Gonzales and Rev. Juan Vanetto of Argentina phases considered· in a series of twenty simulhave recently conducted fruitful evangelistic cam- taneous group meetings under the leadership of paigns-especially for Protestants. Roman Cath- Dr. Cleland B. McAfee of New York and Rev. olics and Communists have also been reached and C. O. Hawley of Indianapolis. The four main in one city forty-four young men came forward topics to be discussed at the platform meetings and gave their names to form an evangelical will be (1) The world's need and the forces bid- Christian society for worship and service. Dr. ding for world power; (2) our heritage as sons Ortz-Gonzales is seeking the cooperation of Christian labor leaders in England to carryon an evan-

of missionary forefathers; (3) our Christian re- The genesis of the United Youth Programsources and (4) the power of Christ. "Christian Youth Building aNew World"-may be traced back to Toronto in June, 1930, when Among the twenty-four speakers who have al- young people from many Christian agencies in ready agreed to take part in the congress are North America picked up "the trail" which "led President Ralph C. Hutchison of Washington and from a wooden cross on Calvary among the hills of Jefferson College, Dr. Robert E. Speer and Dr. Jerusalem down across the burning sands and des- Ralph E. Diffendorfer of New York, Mr. Living- erts of the world." Following this trail, these young stone P. Moore of Summit, N. J., Dr. C. Darby people have deepened their understanding and Fulton of Nashville, Rev. Leonard Outerbridge of appreciation of Jesus Christ, the Master of men Boston and Rev. Roy M. Burkhart of Columbus. and the Saviour of the World. They have en- visioned the world that would be if He were truly Men today, probably as never before, recognize Master of men in every phase of life. They have the chaotic condition of the world and the need sensed anew the disasters due to man's sin and for a Saviour with a divine program and with the selfishness and his indifference to God. wisdom and power of God. Political, economic, social and intellectual remedies will not suffice to The conference program in each of the twentysave us from destruction. Spiritual life is needed eight cities included discussion groups to study to change individuals and to bring men into har- nine projects: mony with God and His program. To change America, or anyone nation, is not sufficient; all Developing a Program of Personal Christian Living men and all nations must be changed. Who but Helping Other Young People to be Christians God can effect such a transformation? This pro- Cooperation in Bringing About World Peace gram of change represents the purpose and pro- Working to Help Solve the Liquor Problem gram of the whole missionary movement. Helping to Build a Christian Economic Order Providing a Constructive Use of Leisure Time Dr. John R. Mott, who was present at a pre- Being Christian with Other Racial and Cultural Groups liminary meeting to launch the Congress, writes: Preparing for Marriage and Home Life "The timeliness and importance of the Young Developing a Christian Type of Patriotism Men's Congress continues to grow on me. It is highly desirable that each of our Christian com- These topics were freely discussed by leaders munions shall put forth extraordinary efforts to of varied views, not doctrinally but to reach a be represented by the very flower of our younger practical Christian point of view. Many, possibly lay forces. It will do more to help solve the many most, of the young people had first to learn what problems that press upon our churches than any it is to be a Christian and what are the basic single measure I could emphasize." teachings of Christ in reference to these various problems. They were urged to study and to pray The success of this Congress depends. on three in order to find wisdom and power in Christ. things: (1) the spiritual character and messages of the speakers; (2) the ability to bring together The United Youth Conferences were held under a truly representative number of earnest young the joint auspices of the Department of Evangelmen who will respond to the call of Christ, and ism of the Federal Council, the Youth Section of (3) the amount and vitality of prayerful prepara- the International Council of Christian Education, tion for the guidance of God and to insure the and the International Society of Christian Enmanifestation of His power in the Congress and deavor, these interdenominational agencies workin its outcome. ing in cooperation with the local churches and Christian youth organizations of each city. In CHRISTIAN YOUTH CONFERENCES all some fifty-four organizations cooperated-de- nominational and interdenominational- in the It is essential to win the youth to Christ and to conferences held in Cincinnati, (Ohio); J acksonenlist them in His service, not only for their own ville, Elgin, Carbondale, and Springfield, (Ill.); sake but in order that they may help make Amer- Richmond, (Va.); Clarksburg, (W. Va.); New ica Christian and that they may have a part in York City, Washington, St. Louis, Kansas City, bringing the world into harmony with Christ's Lincoln, Denver, Chicago, Des Moines, Huron (S. program. To enlist American youth in this cam- D.); Minneapolis, Seattle, Portland; Berkeley paign a series of conferences have been held in and Los Angeles, (Calif.); Louisville, Nashville, twenty-eight cities across the continent, from Jan- Chattanooga, Birmingham, Baltimore, Boston and' uary 4 to March 31. Over 30,000 young people Philadelphia. Youth of all denominations and have been reached through these conferences races, between the ages of sixteen and twentywhich have been attended by high school and col- four, were invited to attend and take part in the lege students, young people in business and others discussions. The result was naturally a wide difconnected with churches of all denominations. ference in views on many points but "Findings" were drawn up to conserve the results.

at the

By the REV. WILLIAM ARTHUR STANTON, D.D. Jse-.- -ot!it Kurnool, India Missionary of the American Baptist Telugu Mission Since 1892 ENGLAND is now grappling with the greatest of their country. These Reforms, however, did . . constitutional problem that ever faced the not satisfy Indian aspiration. Accordingly, in British Empire. On November 21, 1934, the 1927 Government appointed a Parliamentary Joint Select Committee on Indian Constitutional Commission, of which Sir John Simon was Chair- Reforms presented its Report to Parliament and man, with instructions to make a first-hand study to the British nation. The Report was awaited of conditions in India and report to Parliament both in England and in India with intense inter- what further advance could be made in Indian est. To secure for it the widest possible circula- constitutional reforms. Unfortunately Indians tion, the Report was published simultaneously in were given no representation on that Commission. England and in India and sold at the nominal price Consequently on its arrival in India the Commisof a shilling a copy. So great was the demand sion was boycotted by the Nationalist Party. that it at once became a "best seller," the first Though the Commission made a very exhaustive edition being exhausted in a few hours. study of the Indian constitutional problem, cov- ering two years and the whole of India, and though Planting the Seeds a very able and statesmanlike Report was sub- It is important to remember that this Report mitted to Parliament, it met with a very unsymis not an isolated attempt on the part of Great pathetic and even hostile reception in India. Britain to introduce constitutional reforms into India, but the culmination of a long and persist- Finally Government decided to call a Round ent process of training in self-government. For Table Conference in London, composed of delea century and a half, through her schools and col- gates from British India, Rulers of the Native leges modeled on Western lines, her free institu- States and members of Parliament, all sitting on tions and laws, her system of equal justice and an equality, for the consideration of the Indian enlightened administration, Great Britain has constitutional problem. This Conference was been teaching India the arts of government. In called in the Fall of 1930. It was opened amid the fertile soil of the East she has sown the seeds scenes of great splendor by His Majesty, the Kingof democracy and inculcated the ideas of liberty, Emperor in person and presided over by the Prime justice and equality. Those ideas are germinating Minister. The Indian constitutional problem, today. A tremendous impetus was imparted to however, proved to be so complex and baffling that this movement by the Great War in which Indian one conference was not sufficient, and between troops fought side by side with British soldiers 1930 and 1933 no less than three Round Table in the fields of France and Egypt and Mesopo- Conferences were held. On the basis of the recomtamia, shedding their blood in" a common cause. mendations of these Conferences, in 1933 Govern- In that great crisis in human history India demon- ment issued a White Paper, presenting a draft strated on the battlefield her loyalty to the King- constitution for India. This draft scheme was in Emperor. In recognition of India's service and turn referred to a Joint Select Committee of Parin line with past constitutional development, on liament to consider and report to Parliament. August 20, 1917, the Secretary of State for India The Committee was composed of members of both made his f"amous declaration in Parliament: Houses of Parliament, representing the three po- litical parties of England and was presided over The policy of His Majesty's Government is that of the by Lord Linlithgow. The personnel of the Com- mittee was most distinguished, consisting of three increasing association of Indians in every branch of the ex-Viceroys of India, three former Secretaries of State for India, three former Under Secretaries administration and the gradual development of self-gov- of State for India, two ex-Governors of Indian Provinces, four members of the Simon Commiserning institutions with a view to the progressive realiza- sion and other Parliamentarians who had given tion of responsible government in India as an integral part of the British Empire. .

In pursuance of this policy, in 1919 the Mon- tagu-Chelmsford Reforms were introduced, giv- long service to India. Also as members of the ing Indians a much larger share in the government Committee were the Archbishop of Canterbury, [ 167]

Lord Derby and Sir Austin Chamberlain, who ciples for which every Indian who has been in had not been definitely associated with Indian af- consultation with us fought, viz. Provincial autofairs. The Committee sat for eighteen months, nomy, All-India federation, brought about in a held hundreds of meetings and took volumes of comprehensive scheme, not stage by stage, and a testimony from representatives of all classes and scheme which they will find contains in every all interests in India and from all political parties chapter seeds for future growth." in England. Sir Samuel Hoare, Secretary of State for India, appeared before the Committee as a Reception of the Report in Britain witness for nineteen days and answered over six thousand questions. It may safely be said that A Minority Report is presented by the five Lanever in the history of Parliament has so much bor members of the Committee, specifying that expert knowledge been brought to bear on any Dominion Status shall be definitely stated and great Imperial question. pledged in the Constitution as the goal of India~ a goal to be reached gradually and without fur- The New Constitution for India ther Act of Parliament.

The Report recommends a constitution in many In Britain the Report was taken with great respects similar to our own. It calls for an All- seriousness, in keeping with the magnitude of the India Federation or, as we would say in America, issues involved. The conservative papers of the a United States of India. The Federation is to extreme wing were critical and apprehensive that consist of eleven Provinces of British India, two the Report went too far. On the other hand, The of which are now created in deference to strong Daily Herald, organ of the Labor Party, declares Indian demand, and the Native States. The Prov- that the Report is "shot through with timidity inces, as well as the Native States, are to be au- and distrust." With these exceptions, however, tonomous, having full control of all provincial British papers agree that the Report is a statesaffairs. The Provincial Government is to consist man-like document of great weight and authority. of the Governor, his Cabinet of Ministers and the The Daily Telegraph says, "The Report will rank Legislature. All departments of government, in- as one of the greatest State documents of all time." cluding that of Law and Order, are to be in charge The Times characterizes the Report as "massive of Indian Ministers, chosen by the Legislature, to and closely reasoned" and says, "The first impreswhom also the Governor is to be amenable. The sion is the weight of authority behind the Report." Federal Government is to consist of the Governor- It also emphasizes the fact that the main prin- General, his Ministers and the Federal Legisla- ciples of the government scheme, viz. Provincial ture. The Departments of Defense, Foreign Af- autonomy, All-India federation and responsibility fairs and Ecclesiastical Affairs are reserved to at the center, have stood the most searching test. the Governor-General. All other departments are The News Chronicle says, "The Constitution is to be in charge of Indian Ministers, chosen by the not unqualified self-government, but it is at least Legislature. The Federal Legislature is to be a vast step toward self-government. Worked with composed of an Upper and a Lower House, the honesty and goodwill, it should lead to the sub- Lower House to have 375 members of whom 125 stance. Indian opinion would be wise to give it are to be chosen by the Princes and the remainder a fair triaL" A Canadian paper says, "The Canaby British India. Election to the Lower House is dian Confederation of 1867 pales into insignifito be made by the Provincial Legislatures. In cance beside it." A South African paper charaddition to the reservation of Defense, Foreign acterizes it as "a great and noble venture for the Affairs and Ecclesiastical Affairs, the constitution good of India." provides for safeguards, giving special powers to the Governors and the Governor-General, to be Soon after the publication of the Report, Stanexercised in case of grave emergency. The elec- ley Baldwin called a meeting of the Conservative torate is to be increased from seven millions to Party, of which he is the leader, to consider what thirty-five millions, of whom six millions are to should be the attitude of the Party toward the be women. A Reserve Bank is to be established Reform proposals. Led by Winston Churchill and for the maintenance of the financial stability and Lord Lloyd, the die-hards or extreme'Tories in credit of the country. Also there is to be a Su- the Party had worked up a strong opposition to preme Court for the whole of India. Burma is to the Reforms and were loudly asserting that the be separated from India and given a similar con- proposals of Gevernment would lead to disaster. ' stitution. Commenting on the terms of the Con- In the course of the discussion on the resolution, stitution, Sir Samuel Hoare, Secretary of State the Marquis of Salisbury, Winston Churchill and for India, says: "Let Indians mark that they now Sir Henry Page Croft made violent attacks on the have offered in this scheme three essential prin- policy of Government predicting the direst con- sequences. Summing up the issues in a great speech in reply, Stanley Baldwin sounded this

INDIA AT THE CROSSROADS

warning to his countrymen: "Today you have a along constitutional lines. Mahatma Gandhi has good chance of keeping India forever in the Em- withdrawn from Congress and from political ac- pire. If you refuse her this opportunity for self- tivities and is now devoting himself to the social government, you will inevitably lose India, what- and economic uplift of his country. With a few ever you do, before two generations are passed." notable exceptions Congressmen who were put in His speech saved the day. By a vote of 1102 to jail have been released. The fires of the Terrorist 390, a majority of three to one, the Conservative Movement in Bengal are still smoldering and, in Party voted to support Government in its policy fact, are not likely to be quenched until a substan- of giving self-government to India. This victory tial form of self-government is given. But India practically assures the passage of the bill through as a whole is quiet. The Viceroy, Lord Willington, Parliament. addressing the Central Legislature at Delhi on Reception in India August 29, 1934, made these impressive remarks: "The curtain has fallen, I hope finally, on the In India the Nationalist press and leaders raised civil-disobedience movement. That happy result a storm of protest. The Congress Party at once I do not attribute so much to the action taken by called a meeting and moved to fight for the rejec- Government as to the sturdy good sense of the tion of the Report, characterizing it as "retro- mass of the people of India. They recognize that grade," "reactionary" and "framed in a spirit of true progress cannot be secured by carrying on suspicion and distrust." The Bombay Chronicle an unmeaning and futile struggle with constitusays, "The Report is an insult to India." The tional authority or by revolutionary methods." Ananda Patrika, "The Report will satisfy none." What, then, will India do with the new Constitu- The Leader, "The scheme is unworthy of England tion? That is the momentous question of th~.hour. to offer and of India to accept." Even moderate opinion is dissatisfied. Mr. C. Y. Chintamani Congress or the Indian Nationalist Party, (Liberal) says, "The whole scheme is unaccept- though having abandoned unconstitutional methable to progressive Indian opinion." Mr. P. N. ods, still holds firmly to the avowed objective of Sapru (member of Council of State) says, "The complete independence for India, even demanding proposed reforms are not calculated to satisfy any control of the army and foreign affairs, which section of responsible opinion." Sir P. S. Siva- are reserved subjects under the new Constitution. swamy Ayyar and other leading Liberals of Mad- In the recent elections to the Central Assembly, to ras, in a joint statement, say that unless the the surprise of all, Congress won sweeping vicscheme can be radically altered and improved, "it tories and consequently will enter the new Aswill fail to satisfy the people of India or bring sembly with a very strong representation. The political peace and contentment." Sir Tej Baha- Party is sure to move the rejection of the new dur Sapru, the outstanding advocate of constitu- Constitution. Fortunately, her strength is limited tional reform in India and leading support.er of constitutionally, and unless she can win over other the Government scheme as set forth in the White parties to her side, she is not likely to wreck the Paper, cabled to the News Chronicle of London as Constitution.

follows: The Liberal Party and the Moslems The Report has been conceived in an over-cautious spirit The goal of the Liberal Party is not independand the Committee have been more anxious to conciliate ence but Dominion Status. Its members value the English Conservatives than India, and have accordingly benefits of the British connection and think that intensified the conservative character of the constitution. India can best attain to her high destiny as a No wonder that even middle-minded Indians will feel dis- member of the British Commonw€alth of Nations. appointed, Enthusiasm over the Report is out of the While recognizing that the attainment of this end question, and while I anticipate strong criticism from pro- must be by successive stages and that there must gressive moderate elements, I feel sure that the Congress be in the nature of the case a transition period, with its renewed strength in the Assembly will move its rejection.

The Reforms or Revolution? no form of constitution would satisfy them which did not have Dominion Status as its goal. As the From one point of view it may be said that Hon. Snivivasa Sastriar, one of the leading Libconditions in India at large are more favorable erals of Madras, puts it, "We must make Dominfor the reception of the reforms than ever before. ion Status a test of th€ reforms, and if they fail After a conflict of fourteen years with Govern- to satisfy that test we must not hesitate to dement with the weapons of boycott and non-vio- nounce them as a breach of faith." Now the prolence, the Indian Congress or Nationalist Party posed Constitution as drafted makes no reference has at last awakened to the realities of the situa- to Dominion Status. The word is not even found tion and abandoned civil-disobedience as a policy, in the voluminous Report. Remembering the decproposing now to enter the Legislatures and work laration of Lord Irwin when he was Viceroy in

1929, that "the natural issue of Indian constitu- ing statement of Mr. H. M. J aganatham, member tional progress is the attainment of Dominion of the Madras Legislative Assembly, may be tak- Status," and the declaration of the Prime Min- en: ister to the same effect at the First Round Table Conference, the omission has profoundly disturbed The recommendations of the Joint Select Committee are the Indian mind. It is all the more marked in in the best interests of India in general and the minority view of the fact that' the Minority Report, pre- communities in particular. As a member of the Depressed sented by the Labor members, insists that Domin- Class community and as one who is striving to secure for ion Status as the goal should be incorporated in them the maximum advantages, I offer my profound thanks the Constitution and definitely pledged to India. to the members of the Committee who have gone into every On that point Sir Tej Bahadur Sapru, the leading question affecting the future of India and arrived at conconstitutional lawyer in India and former member clusions which would place India on the sure and steady of the Viceroy's Council, clearly takes his stand: path of constitutional advancement. "I agree with Labor that Dominion Status must be definitely pledged and India planted firmly on Will the Princes Come In? the road. Nothing has shaken India's faith more than the repeated attempts in Parliament to dis- The Native States, numbering over six hunown the Prime Minister's and the Viceroy's dec- dred and comprising one-third of the territory and larations. It is all the more necessary now to one-fourth of the population of India, some of assure her that her position and powers will not them as large as European nations, occupy an imbe lower than those of a Dominion." With that portant and strategic position in Indian national assurance the support of the Liberal Party would life. What, then, is the attitude of the rulers of not be in doubt. these states toward the proposed reforms? Brit- ish statesmen have long dreamed of an Indian The Moslems in India, numbering seventy mil- federation in which this vast and heterogeneous lions, may be relied upon to support the Consti- mass of diverse races and nations which we call tution, with the possible exception of the small India would be welded into a unity, but that dream body in the Congress Party. Though dissatisfied has ever remained unfulfilled. Even the Simon with some features of the Report, they know that Commission, though impressed with the potentialit is in their interest to accept it. Under the terms ities of such a scheme, dismissed it as beyond the of the new Constitution, one-third of British India realm of practical politics. But at times in the seats in the Central Legislature are allotted to life of nations events move with startling rapidity. Moslems, and in many other ways their interests And so it was in this case. At the opening of the are safeguarded. The Moslem papers in general First Round Table Conference in London in N0support the Reforms. Sir Mohammed Usman vember, 1930, when the delegates from India and Sahib, one-time acting Governor of Madras and England were assembled in St. James Palace, the one of the leading Moslems of India, says: "The Princes made their historic declaration, signify- Report is conceived in a generous spirit towards ing their willingness to join an All-India federa- India. The advance proposed is real and very tion.. Speaking on behalf of his fellow Princes, great. I particularly welcome the transfer of Law the Maharajah of Bikinir expressed his convicand Order to Ministers, without which there would tion that "the States would make their best conbe no real Provincial autonomy. The safeguards tribution to the greater prosperity and contentsuggested are very necessary. We must all work ment of India as a whole in a federal system of the new Constitution in a spirit of cooperation Government composed of the States and British and good-will toward Great Britain." India." This statement changed the whole politi- cal picture in an instant, lifted the Conference to Hope for the Depressed Classes a new level, far above party considerations, and by a master-stroke laid the foundations of the The Depressed Classes, numbering sixty mil- constitutional structure which is before Parlialions, cannot fail to recognize the new Constitu- ment today. tion as a boon to their down-trodden community. Taking Madras as an example, out of a total of But that was four years ago. The Constitution 215 seats in the Legislative Assembly, the De- provides that the federation shall not come into pressed Classes are given in the proposed Consti- existence until the rulers of not less than half of tution no less than thirty seats. Adding to these the population of the States and entitled to not the nine seats assigned to the Indian Christians, less than half the seats allocated to the States in most of whom are of outcaste extraction, they the Federal Upper Chamber have signified their would have a total of 39 seats or 18% of the total desire to accede. The question, then, arises, number of seats in the Assembly. As an expres- whether or not this condition will be fulfilled. sion of this community on the reforms, the follow- Since the original declaration was made some of the Princes have appeared to be opposed to the federal scheme and others lukewarm in their in- terest. But it may safely be said that the federal

plan still holds the field. Only last month Sir five years of distinguished service in a very diffi- Samuel Hoare in the House of Commons said, "I cult time in India. "I may say from what I have have no reason to suppose the Princes have in any seen in Madras and at Simla that I am personally way altered their position." Though accession to optimistic and believe that a solution can be found the federation on the part of the Princes is en- such as to make India a happy and contented tirely voluntary, self-interest, if nothing else, must partner of the British Empire." And then speak- inevitably bring them in. A State outside of the ing of the able Indian administrators with whom federation, with no voice in the formation of an he had been associated in Madras, he humorously All-India policy would find itself hopelessly handi- added that he looked forward to the day when he capped. Furthermore, all the larger and more would hear that one of his friends from Madras important States such as Hyderabad, Mysore, was going to be the first Prime Minister of India!

Bikinir, Baroda, Kashmir and many others stand The Call of the Hour firmly by the federation plan. Less than two months ago the Dewan, or Prime Minister, of My- The hour calls for bold and courageous action sore, which is one of the largest and most progres- on the part of Great Britain. India is moving sive of the Indian States, addressing the Mysore swiftly these days. She is thoroughly awake and Representative Assembly, said, "It is necessary aroused. No half measures will now suffice. What for us all to pull together and to do everything would have satisfied her a decade ago will not satthat is possible to make Mysore a worthy unit of isfy her now. Five years ago the Congress Party the federation of the future." This fairly repre- stood for Dominion Status. Now they are revolusents the attitude of a large majority of the Indian tionaries demanding independence. It may not be States. possible-it will not be possible-to satisfy the India's Opportunity Extremists. But the great mass of the Indian peo- General Smuts, former Prime Minister of South ple are not Extremists. The heart of India is sound Africa, on a recent visit to England said, "My and still clings with loyalty and devotion to the message to India would be to work the reforms great nation to which, in the Providence of God, successfully and so prepare themselves for the she has been bound for two centuries. To this' next stage." No wiser counsel could be given in body of sensible and moderate opinion in India, this critical hour than this word spoken by a Great Britain must now appeal. England is strong great friend of India. That the proposed consti- and powerful. She can afford to be generous. But tution represents a great advance in self-govern- the cooperation of India is essential. The new ment in India no fair-minded man can deny. It is Constitution must be worked by the people and, not all that India desires or may fairly claim. It if it is to be successful, it must be worked with is true that the safe-guards loom large, but, as the good-will and contentment. No constitution can Committee points out, these are designed only for be forced on a country at the point of the bayonet. grave emergencies and would not ordinarily be The legitimate aspiration of India must be met. brought into use; and even when the Governor That aspiration can be satisfied only with real, exercises his special powers it would be in con- responsible government, or Dominion Status, as sultation with his Ministers. Furthermore, the its goal. Full and frank assurance of this should Constitution is still in its formative stage. The be embodied in the constitution beyond all manner Bill is now before Parliament and as it is debated of doubt. This would then form a rallying point in Parliament during the ensuing months, it will for all men of goodwill and carry the great underbe subject to modification, revision and amend- taking through to a successful issue. ment. During this period, then, let India fight for her rights with stout heart and good courage, In 1907 Great Britain boldly and generously seeking to get all that she can, and then accept the granted self-government to the ex-Boer Republic, final verdict with cheerful spirit and determina- though counsels of timidity and worldly wisdom tion to prove herself worthy of the Constitution dictated far otherwise. That act of faith won the which has been given her. The statement of the heart of' the Boers and saved South Africa for Select Committee is quite true. "The success of a the British Empire. And now once again, in the constitution depends far more upon the manner course 9f human events, Great Britain is called and spirit in which it is worked than upon its upon to exercise that same faith and, by a great formal provisions." act of statesmanship, to bind India to herself in lasting ties of friendship as a free partner in the In November last Sir George Stanley, Governor British Commonwealth of Nations.

of Madras and for a time acting Viceroy of India, The Outlook for Christianity at the farewell meeting given in his honor on the eve of his departure for England, uttered these ".. What, then, is· the outlook for Christianity hopeful words, spoken out of the experience of under the Reforms. Some view the future with

fear and apprehension. When once the protecting ment of that liberty, we believe that she needs hand of Great Britain is removed, what will be most of all the guiding hand of God and the up- the fate of Christian Missions? Having seized lifting and transforming power of Christ.

the reins, will India tolerate Christian propa- A short time ago there was a unique gathering ganda? Will not the proud spirit of the Brahmin in the ashram of the great Bengali poet, Sir assert itself and sweep away the last vestige of Rabindhra Nath Tagore, at Santiniketan (the the white man's religion? Abode of Peace). It was Christmas Eve. The Such thoughts are born of fear. For ourselves little company had gathered there, at the invita- we have faith in God. In the first place it must tion of the poet, to commemorate the birth of be remembered that after two centuries of strug- Christ. Think of it-a Christian service in a gle, Christianity is now firmly planted in the soil Hindu ashram in memory of Christ! How strange of India. It is no longer an exotic. The seed has and yet how fitting! Men of the East, as of old, been sown far and wide and already there is a bowing at the feet of Jesus! And as they were rich harvest. With six million Christians won gathered there the poet gave his message in these from every race and caste and religion in that words: "Let us bow to Jesus Christ who revealed great land, with her schools and colleges for the to man the divinity of love." While such homage education and training of Christian leaders, with is far from adequate surely the nation that thus a vast army of Indian workers set apart to Chris- bows reverently before Christ, led by one of the tian service and pushing out into every bazaar greatest of her sons, will finally come to claim and market-place, with an Indian Church, strong Him as her own.

and aggressive, rapidly growing in self-support and self-government, Christianity is well prepared to take her place as a vital force in the life of the A CALL TO PRAYER FOR INDIA Nation that is to be. Christian leaders and British Missionary socie- ties have issued a call to prayer for India in view Nor is this all. Far beyond numerical strength, of the great problems presented in the proposed outward organization and external forms, the new constitution. Strong opposing forces in Great vital force of Christianity has been at work now Britain and in India are lined up in the matter for two centuries, silently and irresistibly, in the of Dominion Status and home rule. What British hearts of the people and has wrought a revolu- statesmen offer, multitudes of Indians refuse to tion. The Bible has become one of the Sacred accept, and what Indian moderates demand, the Books of the Hindus and Christ is looked upon British believe will lead to widespread disorder. by multitudes as one of their Avatars. In the As the call to prayer says: "No skill of man can past Christianity has been handicapped by the bring peace to India or Great Britain or to any dominance of the foreigner. It has been tied, so other country, but only the will of God." to speak, to a Western power and entangled in the meshes of Western civilization. Freed from Prayer is asked especially for the Viceroy of this handicap, we may expect Christ to move on India and for governors of provinces, and for all to new victories and to lay still deeper hold on upon whom responsibilities will lie during the the mind and heart of India. coming period of transition, that they may have "a single eye to India's welfare and a sensitive In the second place, Christianity has always regard for her national honor." Pray "that all stood for freedom. Freedom is the very air it faults of temper, whether in Britain or India, breathes. In every land and among every people may be forgiven; and that they may not be al- Christians have befriended the downtrodden and lowed to blind the people to the genuine goodwill the oppressed and have struck off the shackles of which each feels for the other." the slave. As Christians, therefore, and followers of Him who came to set men free, we cannot fail to sympathize with this great people in their aspiration for liberty and self-government. We Dr. Azariah, the Bishop of Dornakal, reports must wish them well. We must stand by as friends that in a recent campaign to preach Christianity and helpers. We must wish for India the attain- to caste people, 2,693 villages were visited, nearly ment of her birthright as a free and self-govern- 12,000 men and women taking part in the caming people. As such we welcome the Reforms. paign; with the result that over 8,000 people in We see in them the working of the overruling nearly 300 villages have asked for further Chris- .

Providence of God. We see India taking her place tian instruction. The same story of spectacular among the nations of the earth as a free and in- advance is told by other missions in the same dependent people. We see her planted firmly on area, and the problem of teaching the great mass the road to liberty. And in the long and arduous of new Christians is one which is exercising the struggle which lies before her for the full attain- Churches and Missions concerned.

Christians Among the Telugus*

~I By REV. C. H. SMILEY, Bitaspur, C. p. Disciples of Christ Mission ~==========================~ T HE Sudras of the Telegu area are coming to New Testament given him by a school master. A Christ-already nearly thirty thousand in young village munsif was called through the read- number, including many of wealth and influ- ing of tracts on the "Cure for Sin" and "The True ence. Practically all the groups within the Sudra Shelter." Six years ago a young goldsmith had a caste from the highest to the lowest are now rep- dream in which he saw his heart before him with resented in the Church. Each year the movement all its sin. Then Christ appeared in a picture with is growing in force. wounded hands and feet and the words written, There are three main centres of the movement. "For you and the sinful world I have come. See In the Nizam's Dominions, Nirmal, beyond Medak, my hands."

the British Methodist field, is the center of a con- In the lower Sudra groups the movement takes siderable movement of caste people to Christ. on more of the characteristics of a group move- Both the caste and outcaste people are coming ment. The lives of these people have been affected together into the new fellowship. In the Church in the same vital way as the higher groups. They Missionary Society Kistna field of Madras many too have come seeking salvation. Many social influential Sudras have come and there is a long changes for the betterment of the groups are also list of enquirers. 'Jihe Yanadis, Waddaras, and evident. The nomadic groups have given up large- Erukulas of the lower Sudra groups are also com- ly their wandering life and show a tendency to ing in large numbers. The third important center settle in one place where regular worship may be adj oining the Kistna field is the Palnad area in held and their children educated. The groups the Lutheran and American Baptist Mission fields. subject to the Criminal Tribe Act show a noted Here the landlor~~ and village munsifs stand out improvement toward upright and honest lives. It prominently in the lists of converts. The move- is quite evident that they have caught something ment is also in its beginning in the Canadian of the ideals of the Christian way of life and have Baptist field in the north of the Presidency where realized that life must now be lived on a higher caste women at one center are coming and there ethical plane. A new life of inner peace, joy and are converts and enquirers from the fishermen purpose has come to these followers of Christ.

caste group. There are twenty-five other places Caste converts are also showing a changed at- where the movement is under way. titude towards Christians of Depressed Classes.

The Sudras are having a vital' experience of Caste lines are still held when it comes to inter- the transforming power of Christ in their lives. marriage although there are cases where caste Over large areas the change is manifest and the differences have been done away with even in joy and victory of the new experience is written marriage. Inter-dining is more common. The upon their countenances. Their coming is more most hopeful feature of the situation is the extent impressive when it is recalled that the Christian to which caste converts have accepted the leader- religion in this area has been associated with the ship in the Church of the Depressed Class and outcaste community. The radical changes brought now accept communion with them.

about in their lives have been evident so that ob- These Sudras coming to Christ undergo perse- servant Sudras have come to realize that Christ cution. It has not been easy for these influential alone can transform the lives of individuals and men and women to take this step and many hin- communities. drances were put in their way before baptism.

The element of the supernatural is evident in One man testified that his crops had been burned the conversion of many Sudras. When the mem- after his baptism. Another influential leader lost bers of the Sudra Movement Survey Team asked the right to a large inheritance of more than Rs.

the question, "Who chiefly influenced your deci- 40,000. One young man was denied the fellowship sion to become a Christian?" the reply from some of his home and family. Abuse has been heaped was "God." Others related experiences of the upon them, and some have been dragged into the miraculous in their conversions. One young courts under false charges. Yet in the great ma- Telugu made his decision through reading the jority of cases these new converts have remained • From the Indian 'Witness, January 24, 1935. faithful. Their faith has given them power to [173 ]

endure. Most of them have remained near their rejected, and downtrodden people of the Untouchrelatives throughout the persecution, with the re- able groups. sult in many places that the very persecutors have come to the feet of Christ. A caste leader, whose Today many leaders in the Church, schools, and son was baptized and was severely persecuted by the Sudra Movement have come from the outcaste an elder brother, stood by his son and was later community~ The Christian mission leaders have baptized. The elder brother was also converted taught them to worship the one true God. Christ through observing the new courage and change has become a reality to them and their lives have in the life of his relative. been transformed. Gradually the persecution les- sened when changes for the better became evident. Spreading the Good News The resentment of the caste people changed to amazement that such marvellous changes could Observers in the Sudra Movement areas are be wrought in the lives of those formerly hopeless deeply impressed by the spontaneous zeal of these people. More careful observation was made into converts in spreading the Good News to their the causes of these changes and gradually it relatives and friends. These influential men and dawned upon the Sudras that Christ alone was women are most zealous and courageous in their the transforming power. The Sudras began to witness to the unsaved around them. One caste read the record of Christ's life. There was furfamily was led to Christ by the daily life and ther observation and then finally acceptance of witness of a Christian servant girl in the home. the religion which had wrought such wonders. She read her Bible daily and taught the widowed There in the villages among the lowly and downdaughter of the family who soon became a be- trodden was God's great field of demonstration liever in Christ. These two then prayed together over a period of a half century and more. daily for the conversion of the mother, who soon gave up her idolatry and accepted Christ. The One Tamil Christian headmaster of more than three then won the father and aged mother in the thirty years residence in the Telugu area, when home and then began to give the message to their asked the reason for the Sudras coming to Christ, neighbors. One outstanding neighbor has already at once replied, "Seeing the improved condition had a vital experience of the transforming power of the Depressed Classes who have come into the of Christ in his life. One bania woman convert is Church." One prominent Reddi convert testified, working regularly on her own time to win her "When I saw the high attainments of the Decaste people and others. One Brahman woman pressed Class Christians this encouraged me to convert is giving full time to zenana work, her become a Christian." Another influential Sudra salary being paid by her son, a Hindu pleader. enquirer, whose relatives had already been bap- One of the lower Sudra caste converts, along with tized, gave a striking testimony. his son-in-law, has been preparing twenty families for baptism. Outstanding in witnessing "Do you believe that the Christians of Deamong the men is Poda Rangaiah, the convert pressed Class origin have been made better by who was disinherited of a large fortune when he Christianity?" he was asked. came to Christ in 1915. . For fifteen years he worked as an unpaid evangelist, supporting him- "The change is beyond comparison. They are self from the few acres of fields still remaining in now living by· order and wisdom while formerly his possession. He has become so effective as a they were wild and lawless." speaker and singer that he now rents out his fields and works on a small salary giving full time to "Why have they been so changed?" winning his own caste people. There is already the beginnings of a strong Church in his native "Because of the teaching of religion of Christ village. This voluntary witnessing on the part of and having made Him their Guru …… For forty new caste converts is a great strength in the pres- years I have observed this influence in the Chrisent movement of Sudras to Christianity. tians of Depressed Class origin. The same power working in us Reddis should bring great change It is evident that the sources of the Sudras' quickly." inspiration is the widespread transformation by the Christian religion of the outcaste groups. The The Telugu Sudra Movement is well under way Christian movement in the Telugu area began in and another decade will doubtless show great the outcaste communities and throughout the gains all along the line. This marks another era in years until the last decade has been largely con- the Church in India. The knowledge of this sigfined to these groups. It is significant that men nificant movement and the personalities associated and women of wealth and influence should turn with it should be spread to the churches and iso- . to a religion so long associated witfl the despised, lated Christian groups everywhere. Christian leaders and workers everywhere will again take new courage and inspiration. New movements in other areas will get under way. Truly God is at work in the land. The Cross of Christ goes on from victory to victory.

One Pastor Did for

By the REV. CLELAND B. McAFEE, D.D., LL.D., New York Secretary of the Board of Foreign Missions, Presbyterian Church, U. S. A.

T HE sudden death on January 18,1935, of the him present arguments for Foreign Missions. His writer's older brother, Rev. Dr. Lapsley Arm- line was to tell about the work, to quote the Scrip- strong McAfee, at Dumaguete, Philippine ture warrants, to point out the spirit and com- Islands, suggests a brief review of a somewhat mand of C4rist and to take obedience for granted: remarkable missionary ministry. Never on the It was a marked asset of his ministry. Not all of mission field himself, except as a visitor, Dr. Mc- his church people believed in missions, any more Afee has had a wider world influence than most than is the case in most churches, but he kept ministers ever attain. It is doubtful if a score of confronting them with the world and with the pastors in the world have influenced the mission- Word and they had to have it out with those two ary purpose of more actual missionaries at home irresistible facts~ and abroad than he was able to do. Yet he was After a brief initial pastorate in the church at never connected with any missionary training in- Park College, his health made it necessary for him stitution, and except for a brief early pastorate in to go to a western parish, and he spent a few connection with Park College, Missouri, which at years in Phrenix, Arizona, where he came into that time was sending out considerable numbers direct touch with the work of missions among the of definite Christian workers, he had little to do Indians and on the American frontier. This ex- with institutional life. He was an ordinary, work- perience turned all theory into practice, and he ing pastor, near a university and awake consist- never bothered much with distinctions between ently to his opportunities for creating and main- home and foreign in making Christ known. That taining the Christian world-mindedness of the was a matter for administration, not for discus- members of his congregation. Moreover, he was sion among Christian believers. never the pastor of what would be reckoned a Then Dr. McAfee removed to Berkeley, Cali- wealthy church, though his last church grew to fornia, and presently became pastor of the First large numbers with the years. Its gifts to mis- Presbyterian Church there. During his pastorate sionary work were largely in terms of life rather the entire San Francisco Bay region fell into one than of funds. During one pastorate of twenty- field for the Presbyterians and he came into close five years he saw more than 150 men and women relation to another phase of mission work-the give themselves to whole-time Christian service- city, the last frontier of American life-for he be- in the ministry and other forms of missionary came an active leader in the development of work in America or elsewhere. It is a record Church extension throughout the whole area. The which may well be analyzed. Berkeley church is very near the campus of the Dr. Lapsley McAfee received the beginning of University of California with its thousands of his missionary interest in his boyhood home where students. Here he gave twenty-five years of his his father and mother, President and Mrs. John strongest service, not primarily for students but A. McAfee of Park College, were well ahead of for all the people of his congregation. He drew their time in their interest in world-wide evan- no lines between town and gown in his program gelism. Mrs. McAfee, especially, was a leader in nor in his interest. He set himself to make as organized women's work in the Presbyterian worthy a Christian Church as he could. No such Church and had part in the founding of the Church could have a timid or hesitant missionary Women's Board of the Southwest, a strong Pres- spirit. His antidote for worldly-mindedness was byterian Board of Foreign Missions with head- world-mindedness. By all measurements the re- quarters in St. Louis, Missouri. It was from his suIt was a spiritual Church of unusual attain- parents and experiences in his early home, as mis- ments.

sionaries and other church leaders visited it from No one ever claimed that Dr. McAfee was a time to time, that Dr. Lapsley McAfee came to preacher of unusual ability. His sermonic meth- take world missions for granted, a Christian duty ods would bear a great deal of discussion. It is not to be discussed but to be performed. Few somewhat arresting that after more than fortyduring his long ministry could now recall hearing five years of preaching, nearly all in active pas- [175 ]

torates, we find hardly a line of sermon outline or young people's societies (which resembled a of sermon notes anywhere in his files! That was county or state convention during the winter sea- not his method. He was strongly and persistently son) as he would name one and another to a biblical in his material, and it was his custom to visitor. One of his young people cannot recall walk his study floor in company with a text or that he ever led one of the meetings nor ever gave a theme for the coming Sunday until an outline instructions about how it should be done. That came to him which he would fill out sometimes was their business. Yet after it was over almost largely in the pulpit. This did not make for anyone present would realize that these young powerful sermonizing and that was not his forte. people had been unconsciously under his influence.

To be sure, if real preaching means the taking of One observer said, years after he had been in the some truth of God and making it so clear to hear- group: "There is a vitality about young people ers that they both see it and set out to live by it, who grew up under Dr. McAfee that you cannot then he was a powerful preacher. But if preach- miss."

ing requires building up an argument with a body This means that the pastor thought of people in of truths, and making primary appeal to the minds individual terms, not as members of a group; and of hearers, then his greatness as a preacher might it is in these terms that the great decisions and be questioned. And it is wholly unimportant. attitudes are settled. It means also that his con- A Builder of Missionary Interest cern for world missions could not seem to be a mere academic question, even the most indifferent.

Two especial and well developed powers gave It was part of life, always expressed in perfectly him strength as a builder of missionary interest. normal, vital terms, like everything else with which he concerned himself and his people. He 1. For one thing, he had and cultivated a sin- was never an abstract advocate of missions. The cere personal concern for everybody whom he whole work was a matter of persons-some needmet. He knew his people and their condition as ing, some helping. Social institutions had their few pastors do. On a mere casual test with his place but they were for persons and those persons Church handbook, he one day gave immediately were of first importance. the address and telephone number of more than a score of people chosen haphazard by a visitor. 2. The second power which Dr. McAfee used to This would be a waste of energy for most minis- the full was his ability to maintain an accent withters; it came naturally to him and he developed out making it a hobby. World missions was to it because it gave him a relation to his people him a matter of course, as has been said, and which was essential to his ministry. His interest therefore it had its place anywhere along the way. was never affected; it was always as genuine as This was rooted partly in a soundly conservative Christian faith, which did not concern itself it appeared to be. greatly with critical questions and current philos- This meant that he held both in mind and in ophies, but grew into full assurance regarding heart the hundreds of students and other young Christ and His saving power, and regarding man people who came to his church and its vigorous and his inescapable need for Christ. To Dr. Mcyoung people's societies. He knew them and real- Afee that was as true in Berkeley as in Bombay, in ized what their individual problems were and California as in China. None of his hearers is what were their prospects as well. He did not apt to recall any hesitant word in his message. need to waste any time overtaking the last talk He knew whom he believed and whom he wanted he had with them. Early in his California min- all men to believe. That is foundation enough for istry he became an influential advisor of the Chris- the missionary appeal. tian Endeavor forces of the State and probably knew by face and name more young people in the He made this appeal in various ways. (1) To Pacific coast region than any other one religious the very end he kept up the practice of the monthly leader. He never felt it necessary to strike a low midweek meeting of prayer for missions – each note among them. He knew how to play games; month taking up that subject as naturally as the he was a natural singer so that he led them in all month came around. In this way he made world kinds of musical events; but he was essentially conditions and missionary work a definite part of and all the time the Christian minister who knew the spiritual life of the Church. Any pastor can them in behalf of Christ first of all. do that if he will. The meeting was varied and He knew the children of the families and unexpected and it cost a great deal of work for'

watched their spiritual advancement, so that he somebody, but the subject was big enough to war- could keep his eye on prospective candidates for rant the cost.

Christian service. It is not likely that he knew (2) He soon established in his prayer meeting all the children in the very large Sunday school, room, where also one group of his young people but it was arresting to hear him in his several met, a large map of the world with Berkeley

WHAT ONE PASTOR DID FOR MISSIONS

plainly marked and with cords running out from in many Christian lives, to be taken as naturally the Church to all the places in the world where as any other step. Parents were not aghast when former members of the Church were at work. It sons or daughters mentioned becoming mission- became a highly tangled map before his twenty- aries and the sons and daughters did not have the five years were over, but it could not fail to bring impression that they had done some unique and inspiration to worshipers and even to casual vis- staggering thing. With needy men always in itors. Moreover it ensured continuous and intel- mind and a commanding Christ always in sight ligent prayer for the world. and a saving Gospel always presented, why should (3) It was Dr. McAfee's custom also, and it is one not be a missionary if opportunity offered?

a growing custom now of Presbyterian pastors, to Something very beautiful was done before Dr.

have in his pulpit the "Year Book of Prayer for McAfee left the pastorate of the Berkeley church.

Missions" issued by the Presbyterian Church and A large bronze tablet was erected in the wall of to sketch before the pastoral prayer the fields and the church sanctuary, showing his portrait well persons suggested for prayer during the week then wrought out and the names of 137 men and women opening. Often it was possible to indicate some who had entered all-time Christian service dur- one person who had been in the church either as ing his pastorate. That number has now been a member or a speaker, to connect the field with reckoned as more than 150. The list included some interest in the church in business or other- workers in Africa, Brazil, Colombia, Chile, China, wise, in some way to make the prayer vital. In India, Japan, Korea, Mexico, Palestine, Persia, the prayer itself there was no laboring of the same the Philippine Islands, Siam, Syria, and a long material. This was taken for granted as in the roster in the United States of America! These hearts of worshipers. He once said: "Reading were all from his church. If there could be added that material is part of the prayer; God hears it the larger number whom his life had touched in and the people hear it." But this habit tended other churches, in the adjacent Theological Sem- again to keep world missions from being narrowed inary, in the Young People's conferences on the to some single field of interest or to the work of coast and elsewhere, in casual t;!ontacts, it would some familiar figure in the missionary ranks. The be an immense roll.

Jewish rabbis used to say that a prayer which did Dr. McAfee's death came in a beautiful way.

not mention the Kingdom is no prayer. Dr. Mc- Having retired from his pulpit as he approached Afee was not a hobbyist, even for missions, but 70 years of age, and having seen it occupied by it is doubtful if there occurred in his services any another earnest missionary advocate, Dr. Francis considerable or comprehensive prayer which did Shunk Downs, his heart turned again to that part not somewhere include the world work of the of the field which he had barely seen-the foreign Church. mission area. His only sister, Mrs. George S.

(4) His people recall that he made much of the McCune, the wife of the President of the Union presence of missionaries when they came into the Christian College in Pyengyang, had been in neighborhood. He gave the impression, says one Chosen for many years. He knew and loved also of his hearers, that a missionary from the home many other missionaries in Chosen and Japan, in or the foreign field was the most honored person China and the whole Far East. He and Mrs. Mc- who could visit the church. The visitor was sure Afee determined upon a visit to the field, though to know something that the people did not know he was fairly warned that it might be at peril of and it was their opportunity to learn. To be sure, his life. After a few months in Chosen, where he Dr. McAfee had his experiences of missionaries brought inspiration to many missionaries, Korean who, with all their virtues, could not make' a good pastors, students and others, "as few visitors have speech about their work. Then he had to save the ever done," he went to the Philippine Islands for situation himself, which he could not always do, the cold months of winter and there, soon after his as he ruefully remarked one day. But he exulted arrival, in the home of President Roy H. Brown, in the coming of a missionary and from most of of the Silliman Institute, trouble arose with his them his people received the inspiration he de- heart and he went to be with his Lord.

sired. Meanwhile, every missionary went away Here was no marvelous preacher, no striking with the assurance that he had in the pastor a figure of ecclesiastical leadership, no author of dear friend and a warm welcome awaited him volumes. Here was a pastor, committed first of there whenever he might return. all to his Master and then to his people; and in All this did not raise money, but it created a the effort to bring the people into closer fellowship missionary atmosphere, which is the central neces- with his Lord he was driven to keen and lasting sity of a missionary church. Out of it came a sense of the world mission of the Gospel which he steady stream of young life dedicated to Chris- so fully believed. What he did in his church any tian service. The church came to see that being pastor can do-not always in such quantity but a missionary is no marvel but merely a next step always in the same quality.

"All Things to All Men" in Korea*

By REV. s. F. Miller, Chung-ju, Chosen Missionary of the Presbyterian Church A S A MISSIONARY sat in his study he heard onto it and from there to the top of the wall by .r-. the kitchen door hastily opened and some- the aid of a Japanese who reached a hand down one cross the floor. It was the "boy" all to give him a lift.

out of breath. On the way back the missionary found a group "There is a fire in the village and I came for of refugees who were afraid to venture into the the fire extinguisher." The missionary opened his swift waters to re.ach safety, so he led some and closet door, grasped the handle of a bucket of carried others across, including one blind man.

extra charges and he and the "boy" carried the When he reached home the Christians asked, extinguisher down the steep hill to the village. "What will these people do for supper, the chil- The straw roof of a house was in a blaze and dren are crying from hunger." Then the mis- women were carrying water on their heads from sionary saw how the Lord had foreseen this cir- the village well, while the men with gourds were cumstance and provided for it.

sprinkling it on the roof, but making no impres- The Chinese carpenters and masons, on finish- sion on the blaze. ing the house and leaving a few days before, had The missionary upturned the extinguisher and asked him to buy three bags of flour which re- directed a thin stream of soda-water onto the roof. mained of their supply. He had done so, won- Immediately the flame died down revealing a sur- dering whether they would keep till used. Now prised man who had been working behind the this flour was used for dumplings and after all smokescreen and wanted to know who had been had eaten they lay down for the night.

squirting water on him. In the meantime the Years later, as the missionary was giving some "boy" had prepared another charge of water, leaflets to a group of farmhands in a ricefield, he soda, and acid, and it extinguished the fire. heard one say quietly, "He is the man who helped A group of old men looking over the fence re- us during the flood"-and the leaflets were ac- marked: "The missionary with his medicine can cepted.

is better than a village of watercarriers." *** This was just one of the little things that make As a missionary pedaled his "go-of-itself-wheel" it easier to preach the Gospel. along a narrow bridlepath down a mountain val- ley, he saw a woman running with alJ…her speed, *** weeping while she called someone who had disap- peared between the natural hedges. He jumped A missionary had been kept awake all night by to the ground and asked what the trouble was. the downpour of water from the sky and eaves and the roaring of a torrent down the hill. It had "My son and I quarreled this morning and he been the worst cloudburst in Chungju in ninety has run away down this road and I can't catch up years, old folks said. with him. What shall I do!"

At daybreak, as he was trying to make up for "Just follow me and I'll catch up with him on lost sleep, the Korea assistant pastor came to say my wheel. Do not hurry, I'll hold him till you that the levee had broken and a crowd of refugees come." were coming to the compound. By the time the missionary had dressed the levee had broken again The bicycler soon reached the boy and asked, j.ust below the house, leaving 200 people standing "Where are you going in such a hurry? You look between two breaks and 100 outside the gate seek- as if you had quarreled with your mother and ing a refuge. He opened the new Bible Institute were running away in your anger. Tell me all building and filled it, the rest finding places in the about it." temporary carpentershop and in the village.

The levee broke in five places, 400 houses were "How do you know all about me?" asked the washed away and forty people in the town were boy, thinking. "These West Sea men's eyes look drowned. In the afternoon the missionary right through a-fellow." He told the truth.

waded and swam to the wall of the city; the water Presently the mother caught up and between was filthy, snakes and other vermin swam here the missionary's urging and the mother's plead- and there. He found a thatch roof of a house ing, the boy agreed to return. The missionary washed against the wall and managed to crawl urged them to let Jesus help them to live in peace, • Condensed from The Korean Mission Field. and offered the boy some Christian leaflets.

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the Student World*

By HOWARD GUINNESS, M.D.

Student Evangelist of the Inter-Varsity Christian Fellowship "IN SPITE of failures in the past, the evan- other spheres? We believe not for the following gelization of the world in this generation is reasons: still possible," said the men and women stu- 1. At the universities and colleges are gath~ dents of the Liverpool University at Park Gate ered the men and women whose influence is likely Retreat in 1933. to be far-reaching. They are being trained as "I can do nothing for China; but God can," leaders of the future-teachers and college pro- said a great missionary. afedsmsionirs~trdaotcotrosr,s and lawyers, preachers, writers, When asked, "What can a woman do," Mary athletes who often get a hearing, Slessor replied, "The question is not what can a especially among young people, where scholars woman do?" but "What can a woman's God do?" fail to do so.

Broken in health after seven years of mission- 2. Men and women passing through their three ary work on the Chinese coast, Hudson Taylor to five years at the universities are impressioncould not silence the ceaseless cry of China's mil- able. If they do not meet Christ there, many of lions as they waited in darkness for the Light. them meet with sin, and, casting aside the re- Nearly four hundred millions of them in the un- straints of morality as well as of faith, they go touched inland provinces have never yet heard of far astray, and lead others with them. Jesus Christ and His salvation. And yet-how can one man meet that need? But the Voice in 3. If the men and women of our universities do Taylor's soul sounded day and night, "Why should not find Christ by the time they end their course, not each of those vast provinces possess a centre it is probable that they will never find Him. Out of light and truth? And why should they not of every hundred Christians who know (more or possess such a witness in your own lifetime?" less accurately) the date of their conversion, ap- Such was the vision that came to him as he waited proximately seventy-five come to Christ by the age upon God in his own weakness. During the next of fourteen, another twenty by the age of twentyforty years, through sorrow and suffering, one, another four by the age of twenty-five, and through danger and privation, through persecu- only one per cent at some more advanced age! tion and martyrdom, through disease and death, If this is so it becomes obvious that the presentathe impossible came true; for Hudson Taylor's tion of Christ offered at college is probably the God was a God of the impossible! Multitudes of last great impulse they will have to enter the Chinese owe their salvation to his response to Christian life. By the time they are graduated that vision. they have become almost unapproachable by the Gospel from the human angle. If we want to ~in True vision is not merely an inward urge and them at all college is almost our last opportumty! desire such as Columbus had with but little tangible evidence to justify it, but true vision is the 4. The Christian student, going up to a univerknowledge of facts combined with insight into sity, is often faced for the first time with t~e their meaning. Both Livingstone and Taylor saw necessity of giving a reasonable answer for hIS millions of souls in a death grapple with sin- Christian faith. He is surrounded by many who without God and without hope. But it did not deny the truth of the Bible. It may seem at that end there. Each saw a mighty Redeemer-and moment that the foundations of his faith are inacted accordingly. Is it idle to urge that the uni- secure and that what he has always believed to be fundamental is now either impossible of belief versities of the world need educated men with the or capable of new co~struction. He needs a st.ea?yvision of a Livingstone or a Taylor to bring to ing hand, wise advIce, and, above all, Ch~lstIan them the Christ? Is it an exaggeration to sug- fellowship, if he is not to go forth to a Christless gest that they constitute one of the most needy life and a Christless eternity. mission fields of the world? Is it wrong to believe that money and time spent here will bring a I once knew an English medical student who greater return for God than that spent in many was studying theology in preparation for foreign missionary service. He was a real power for Christ and to sit near him at mealtimes was an Oh•urCcohndReenvsieedw, and revised from a paper printed In The United India.

[179 ]

inspiration, for he breathed a fragrance other met, and the beginnings were made of a witness than his own. Towards the end of one term he to the saving power of Christ. Today there are seemed to grow more silent and less other-worldly, dozens banded together there to pray and study and eventually broke this astounding news to us: God's Holy Word and win their fellow-students "I have lost my message. The theological lec- for the Saviour. tures I have been attending have robbed me of my The year 1927 found Oxford University without faith. I shall still go abroad as a medical man, but only to do philanthropic work." any distinctive evangelical testimony among the students. The Devotional Union, comprising men Thank God, he had friends who believed the of semi-rationalistic outlook as well as conserva- Word of God, and with whom he used to pray, and tive believers, seemed the more desirable channel he found his message again. of witness because it would maintain an outward unity of all nominal Christians. But little fruit I knew a Canadian theological student who, in could be seen in return for all the effort put into the freshness of his faith and the warmth of his it. A minority of Evangelical believers started love for Christ, longed to win his friends for the to pray for wisdom and vision. They were only Saviour. He was surrounded by destructive sixteen strong. Jonathan in his attack on the garcriticism, and in this environment he became rison of the Philistines, single-handed save for his doubtful of his own salvation and of the truth of armour-bearer, forever immortalized the truth God's Word. He had no evangelical friends with that there is no restraint to the Lord to save by whom to pray and think, and he did not come back many or by few. again into the Light. A week or two later the town was placarded But the tragedy of our universities lies not only with the announcement that four Cambridge in the fact that hundreds of Christian students undergraduates would speak in the Town Hall on are losing their faith every year, but that non- "What Christ means to me." The advertisements, Christian students (whose only idea of Chris- in Cambridge light blue, caught the eye wherever tianity is either ritualism or "do your best and one looked. "Who is running this show?" "What God will do the rest") would like to know God's is it all about?" "Who are these Cambridge plan of salvation and are never told. chaps ?" A thousand questions and remarks were on people's lips as the day drew near. All the In a British university a woman came after a while sixteen men worked earnestly and sixteen meeting and opened the conversation by saying, souls prayed ceaselessly. It was now for God to "Ever since your lecture I have had an irresistible work and God did. The Hall was filled to its calonging to know God. But I know nothing about pacity to hear of the Saviour crucified, risen and Christianity, except that which repels me because exalted, as He had revealed Himself to four underof the uncharitableness of Christians. I go no- graduates from a rival university. And the rewhere to church and never read the Bible. What sult? Go to Oxford ,today, and see more than one is God like? How am I to think of Him?" What hundred men and women banded together in an a pagan darkness was this in which her soul lived ! unquestioning loyalty to the Son of God, and an But what a wonderful answer I could give her! undying passion for the salvation of men. What compassion filled my heart and flooded into the wondrous story of Emmanuel-God with us! Where are the men of vision today? Where What a theme is "Jesus" to those who sit in dark- are the men who have seen the King in His beauty, ness and in the shadow of death! She wanted to by whom henceforth all else is counted but refuse love Him; she wanted Him to be her Saviour. that they may win Christ? Where are the ad- venturers, the explorers, the buccaneers for God One man who wanted to know Christ is said to who count one human soul of greater value far have searched out all the men of Christian char- than the fall or rise of an empire or even their acter in college and spent much time in their com- own reputations? Where are the men who glory pany in the hope that they would speak to him one in God-sent loneliness, difficulties, persecutions, day about their faith; but in vain. He did the misunderstandings, discipline, sacrifice, death? same with clergymen he met; but again in vain! Where are the men who are ready to pay the price He left the university and went out into the world of vision? Where are the men of believing prayer? -an agnostic. Where are the men who, like the Psalmist of old, count God's Word of more importance than their' In 1922 a Christian student at a Welsh Univer- daily food? Where are the men, who, like Moses, sity had a hunger in his heart for fellowship with commune with God face to face as a man speaks others who believed in Christ, and for the salva- with his friend, and who unmistakably carry with tion of his fellowmen with whom he lived. One them the fragrance of that meeting thrtjugh the day notices in chalk appeared on a number of day? Where are God's men in this day of God's blackboards asking all who knew and loved the power? Lord Jesus to meet in a certain room at a certain time! They were signed with this student's name. At the appointed hour several men and women

We Interest College Students?

-'1 By WILMINA ROWLAND Traveling Secretary of the Student Volunteer Movement I~==========================~ W HEN I returned from China a year and a 6. Are not our denominational rivalries a hin- half ago and took up work as a traveling drance in missionary work? secretary for the Student Volunteer Movement, some of my older friends were most dis- 7. If all missionaries were withdrawn, would couraging. Christianity continue to spread in the mission fields? "You're hoping to interest American college students in missions?" one of them remarked. It is thrilling to find how keenly interested stu- "You have my sympathy! I'm afraid you are go- dents will be in a discussion centering around ing to find young people of college age hostile these questions. In fact, in a number of groups to the concept of foreign missions. They are un- it has been necessary to spend an hour or two on friendly to the whole missionary movement." the first question so that often we get no further. If the total result of one of these campus visits Consequently it was with some trepidation that has been no more than to help "straighten out" a I embarked upon the work. After a few weeks, few students on that very significant question, the however, I arrived at a conclusion which has been implications of which strike at the very roots of confirmed in the last eighteen months. College our Christian faith, then the visit has been worth students are not hostile to the idea of missions- while. they are simply totally ignorant of what it is all about! Somehow we have permitted two or three Happily the matter does not rest there. The college generations to grow up without educating educational job is often continued after a secrethem adequately as to the total task of the Church, tary's visit by the formation of a small study and especially that phase which is concerned with group which is eager to inquire further into the the extension of Christianity throughout the why and how of missionary endeavor..

world. All colleges do not present an absolutely un- A further discovery I have made is that young worked field. In four of the five Southern states men and women invariably become interested in 'in which I traveled I found ten or more colleges in missions when the matter is presented to them each state where there is at least a small nucleus intelligently and adequately, and in terms of pres- of students who know what missions are all ent-day technique. , about. These groups go under a variety of names I have been interested in compiling a list of -Student Volunteer Groups, Life Service Bands, questions students ask most frequently concern- Missions Interest Groups, etc. Many are the re- ing missions. Perhaps some of these may sound sult of the efforts of former traveling secretaries, familiar to those who have to answer the ques- and some are the result of denominational pro- tions of adults who are not necessarily students. grams in the colleges. These groups vary in vi- 1. Why should we be interested in foreign mis- tality, but the more alive ones exist not only for sions when there is so much to be done at home? the purpose of study within their own group, but This question never fails to be asked in some to help keep missions in the consciousness of the form or other. Answer it satisfactorily, and you entire Christian Association of the college. Some find that you have a student who is eager to find of the more vigorous groups carryon deputation out more about "this thing called missions." work to other colleges, seeking to interpret the 2. How do missionaries explain to non-Chris- missionary'movement and to communicate their tians the lack of Christianity in America and at own enthusiasm on the subject. If real interest the same time justify the sending of missionaries is aroused, the deputation members help in organ- abroad? izing a missions group. In many states these local 3. What right have we to upset the religious be- groups ar,e bound together in a state organization, liefs of non-Christians by imposing Christianity the Student Volunteer Union, which stages week- upon them? end retreats and state-wide conferences on mis- 4. What is the Christian message? sions. The educational value of these conferences 5. What have missions really accomplished in is great and is ,one of the most potent factors in non-Christian countries? ' interpreting missions to college students.

[181 ]

This educational work in the colleges is, unfor- well-equipped young people in our colleges in seektunately, far too meager. The Student Volunteer ing to understand the missionary enterprise, in Movement has secretaries in the South Atlantic directing it along whatever lines it should follow, Region, New England, and the North Central Re- and in supporting it by money, by intelligent ingion and there are Student Volunteer Unions in terest, and by prayer unless they become acnearly a score of states, sponsoring annual con- quainted with what missions really are seeking to ferences. The National Student Y. M. and Y. W. accomplish and what they are actually doing in C. A.'s have also Christian World Education de- the modern world. We cannot expect to confront partments which suggest programs to local units. the highest type of young men and women with One large denomination is carrying out an inter- the vocational challenge of Christian missions unesting experiment in assigning a missionary and less we do so in the college era. Nor can we exhis wife to work in the colleges, permitting them pect to have as applicants highly trained perto be largely self-directive in determining to what sonnel if, during the formative college years places they shall go and how long they shall stay. which must precede more specialized study, they Visits of a week or more allow them time for un- do not have effectively presented to them the aphurried conferences with individual students who peal of Christian service abroad. We must preare interested in understanding missions. The sent it in terms understandable to the college approaching Twelfth Quadrennial Convention of mind. The call to the Church is, through existing the Student Volunteer Movement (December 28, organizations already in the field and by entirely 1935-January 1, 1936) represents another out- new means, to interpret to American students standing educational opportunity. the modern Christian missionary enterprise far more widely than it is being interpreted at But the Church needs to do more than it is do- present. ing. We cannot hope for the cooperation of these The Influence of Assiut College r-. AN EGYPTIAN lawyer with a large practice ceives in Assiut College just that emphasis which and many years of experience in his pro- the Egypt of today and of tomorrow most needs fession, said: "The greatest danger to the in her leaders.

future of Egypt lies in the growing indifference Many have borne witness to the service that of all classes and ages to the moral duties incul- Assiut College is rendering also to the Evangeli- cated by those religions to which they are all tra- cal Church in Egypt and the Sudan. The high ditionally and theoretically attached with passion-. scholarly standing of its graduates shows up well ate devotion. In particular, the young men show when measured against their rivals from other a constantly increasing tendency to postpone mar- schools of the same grade. But there is an in- riage and its responsibilities, and to throw them- tangible, because spiritual, impress which the selves eagerly into the enjoyments of the purely Christian faculty is stamping on the hundreds sensual-the things that delight the flesh." they teach and through which they help to build a In the solution of this problem the American better Egypt.

College at Assiut is one of the outstanding con- Rev. Samuel M. Zwemer, D.D., editor of the structive influences. The difference that marks Moslem World, who has often visited Assiut, Assiut off from many institutions is the strong writes: emphasis placed on Christian faith and life. In "Assiut College is the antipodes of Al Azhar, the a land where, as every observer knows, religious Moslem University of Cairo. The latter, in its doctrine is rather an arsenal for the weapons of curriculum, buildings, equipment and ideals of religious controversy than a treasury for religious education, looks backward-the former looks for- faith, it is refreshing to see the way truth is made ward. The latter lays stress on the training of at Assiut the groundword of Christian culture. memory-the former on reason and judgment.

All branches of learning are bound together in For the future leadership of Egypt we must look the minds of pupils by the distinctively Christian to institutions like Assiut College, where the cost view of God and the world. Whereas the menace of real leadership is emphasized in daily lessons M of Egypt is a young manhood steeped in pleasure; self-denial, perseverance, clean-living and high'

it is a joy to see this body of hundreds of young Christian ideals. The religious growth, present men who are being trained through personal con- conditions and equipment, most of all the graduate tact with the highest type of Christian character. body scattered as good seed from Alexandria to Clean, consistent, diligent and unselfish daily liv- Assuan-these are evidences of spiritual forces ing are placed above every other ideal of achieve- which are latent and will some day come to their ment. Christian life as well as Christian faith re- own in the new Egypt that is to be."

God and Take Courage-'Why?

Concluded from March ~~Review"-Second Part of an Address Before the Philadelphia Presbytery -·~J.:;I ;;;;PI;;;;E;;;;R;;;;SO;;;;N=====–i.II~ ====;;;;B;;;;Y;;;;D;;;;E;;;;L;;;;A;;;;V;;;;A;;;;N=L;;;;.

T o FACE problems only and to be without ice. Or study the history of the Korea missions, power to solve them is discouraging in busi- where well-nigh every Christian is a Bible stu- ness, in medicine, in political and social life, dent and an evangelist, and we will see how these and in missions. But, like the Apostle Paul on abiding realities have built up a great spiritual his way to Rome as a prisoner, when we see evi- church apostolic in faith, Christ-like in character dences of love, of faith, of fruitfulness, we thank and dynamic in service. God and take courage. For those who have eyes to see, there are almost countless reasons for en- A story has recently been running in the Satcouragement today in spite of many difficult prob- urday Evening Post which gives a fairly faithful lems and disappointments. Note three great rea- history of the Pitcairn Islanders. Nine mutineers sons for thanksgiving in Christian mission work of the "Bounty," with twelve Tahitian women and today. six Tahitian men, lived like animals of the jungle -in the midst of fornication and murder-so that 1. Is there not great cause for encouragement all the Tahitian men and all the white men except in the unchanging realities of Christian faith and two were murdered or committed suicide, and it experience? God changes not, though men's views was difficult to tell who was the father of children of Him may change. Christ is "the same yester- born to the native women. Then, when only one day, today and forever," even though men reject white man survived, that godless British mutineer Him. The Gospel is the "everlasting Gospel" and discovered and, began to study the Bible and exerts the same power today as it did in the days Prayer Book, saved from the "Bounty." Convicof the Apostles. The Holy Spirit "abides with us tion of sin, confession, belief in Jesus Christ, forever"and witnesses to us and with us. Prayers prayer for forgiveness, and reformation followed. are still heard and answered according to our Then he gathered the women and children to- Lord's promise, even though we neglect prayer. gether and instructed them, so that when the little The Bible continues to give clear evidence of be- colony was later discovered by a passing vessel, ing the inspired Word of God, "living and power- these survivors were found to be simple-hearted, ful" and "profitable for doctrine, for reproof, for praying, God-worshiping, Bible Christians, full of instruction in' righteousness." Our understand- love and peace and joy. What other Book was ing of all these unchanging realities and our rela- ever used to effect such a transformation? Thank tion to them may change, but in the midst of a God, there are thousands of such examples of the changing world none of these things, fundamental undiminished power of the unchanging realities to the Christian faith, have changed in nearly two of the Christian faith. thousand years. In spite of unfriendly criticisms, attacks, ridicule, and neglect, the Bible still proves Some Benefits of Change itself to be the Word of God to those who study 2. A second reason for encouragement today is to know and who determine to do the Will of God. found in the changes that mark human history. We may be thankful that governments and their In over forty years devoted to the study of laws change. Years ago, in Turkey, when the Christian work at home and abroad, I have yet expulsion of Christian witnesses was threatened, to discover a mission where these unchanging the sudden death of the Sultan changed the situarealities are honestly accepted and where life and tion. In Japan edicts decreeing death to Chriswork are based on their reality, where wonderful tians, and to the Christians' God, were discarded; results have not followed in the spiritual and ma- Korea, long the Hermit Nation, was opened by a terial transformation of men and of communities. change of mind in the ruler-due to a Christian Look at the West Africa Mission of the Presby- doctor; China, the "rock" that long refused to terian Church for example, or the Scotch Living- open to missionaries, has been split asunder in anstonia Mission in Central Africa. In each of these swer to the prayers of persevering missionaries fields we may find 5,000 former savages, or chil- of the Cross. dren of savages, gather for one communion serv- [183 ]

Other changes have removed hindrances to the in the lives of men and women. This is even more advance of the Gospel-wild men have been tamed, evident today than it was in the days of the as in the cannibal islands; dangers to life from Apostles. The miracles of missions are more wild beasts, and from still more dangerous insects, numerous and more remarkable today than they have been greatly reduced; science has helped to ever were. Our Lord's promise of "greater change pestilential swamps into healthful fields; works" than His own is being abundantly fulfilled.

the growth of knowledge as to sanitation and the The story of Sa'eed the Kurd, recently published care of health have prolonged life and usefulness by the Cokesbury Press and told in the January of missionaries in every field. REVIEW, is a remarkable illustration of the power Changing, growing knowledge and increased of Christ to transform one of the most fierce and use of the forces that God has provided in nature, fanatical Moslems and bitter opponent of Chris- have brought new power to carryon the work of tianity, into an intelligent, devout and evangelistic Christ. What vast advantage has been gained Christian. His conversion, and that of thousands through more intimate contacts with remote upon thousands of others are among the "greater fields! Steamships, railroads, automobiles and works" that our Lord promised. Thank God, hun- airplanes have brought near the "uttermost part dreds of Moslems in Persia are now followers of of the earth." A year ago Dr. Samuel M. Zwemer, Christ and over 40,000 former Moslems in Su- in a few hours, made an airplane trip to West matra are today Christians.

China that usually takes weeks by boat and mule- Missions in Korea have just celebrated their litter. I traveled by airplane from Cairo to Bagh- golden jubilee. Fifty years ago there were no dad in twelve hours, a distance that must have Christians there and the doors were closed to the taken Abraham at least twelve weeks. The tele- Gospel. Today there are between 300,000 and graph, the ocean cable, the telephone and the radio 400,000 Christians with self-supporting, self-gov- have brought changes that greatly enlarge the erning churches. The majority of the church possibilities of missionary service. Not long ago members have passed through persecution and a message was radioed from Central Africa to have become praying, Bible-studying, witnessing America in an hour. By old-time methods of na- Christians according to New Testament stand- tive runner and ocean steamer it would have re- ards. One man, Pastor Kil, almost blind, was quired months for its delivery. The Gospel is now arrested by the Japanese for sedition, for preach- being broadcast not only from many stations in mg that "the kingdoms of this world will become America and England but is being proclaimed in the Kingdom of our Lord." The Japanese police this way in Africa, China, India and elsewhere. could not permit anyone to say that Japan would What possibilities there are when we enlist all ever be subject to another king! In prison Pastor God's forces to do God's work! Kil showed the keeper that his declaration was But the greatest encouragement comes from the not his own idea but was made in the Book of change that is taking place in human hearts and Revelation nearly 2,000 years ago. The keeper minds and wills. We may be thankful that these became interested, borrowed Kil's Bible, read it, are not permanently "frozen assets"-that preju- asked questions and was converted.

dices and taboo, false customs and beliefs and The Power of God Today unbeliefs are not irrevocably fixed. What a dif- ference it makes that caste in India-that so long Yes, the Gospel is the power of God today. We proved an almost unsurmountable barrier to the are encouraged that victories are won,· not by acceptance of Christ – is breaking down. Re- "physical might nor by human power"-including cently letters tell of caste and outcaste Hindus technical training and skill-but by the Spirit of eating together. The mere suggestion would have God working in the hearts of men – but using meant riots a few years ago. Gandhi is helping human witnesses.

to promote this end but the greatest forces used While the most extensive and some of the best to break down caste barriers have been Christian- work is that done under the auspices of great ity and the advance of modern civilization and church boards, it is encouraging to note that all intercommunication. In Medak, Central India, successful mission work is not that carried on by whole churches are being formed of caste Chris- large and financially strong denominations. God tians and one of the greatest influences in this di- is no respecter of nations or denominations. Some rection has been the transformations that caste of the best work is being done by s6-called "Faith· people have seen wrought by the Gospel among Missions." One of the most impressive of the the untouchables. Caste is being undermined and many remarkable pieces of mission work we saw may crumble almost in a night. in India is conducted wholly on faith in God's 3. The greatest encouragement in the present ability and readiness to supply funds, workers, missionary situation is the evidence of the power equipment, guidance, to open doors, and give of Christ, and the effect of His everlasting Gospel harvests, without any direct appeals to men, fol-

THANK GOD AND TAKE COURAGE-WHY?

lowing only New Testament principles and de- Then I met Jesus and today we are brothers in pending on the Holy Spirit, prayer and obedience Christ who died for us both. We know now what to the will of God. The Dohnavur Mission, South forgiveness and love can do. Today we are both India, contains some 450 children and youth who serving as elders in the Church and will soon pass have been rescued from the ignorance and im- the elements that represent His body broken and moralities of Hindu temple service. It is a Chris- His blood shed for us. This could not be true of tian village, the most beautiful and brightest us if the missionaries of Jesus had not come to oasis in India. These Christians are being trained teach us the Gospel of God's love in Christ." for service and many are now carrying the Gospel There are countless such causes of encourageto dark Indian villages, in spite of fierce opposi- ment in every land. Let us never forget it or be tion from Hindu priests. discouraged.

The China Inland Mission is one of the greatest Encouragements in the Home Church testimonies to the living, prayer-hearing and prayer-answering God. It was once a "despised 4. In these days of financial troubles, and other and rejected Mission," much criticised by church difficulties in the home church, we are sometimes leaders, but it is today an outstanding example tempted to discouragement because we cannot of what simple faith and obedience will do with- support more workers, and because of unrespon- out large financial resources, and without elab- siveness of church people, the apparent lack of re- orate institutions. Weare thankful that we need sults, and increasing indifference and unbelief.

not tell God when or how or where to work. We can be of good cheer, Christ has "overcome Great encouragement comes from awakenings the world," although worldly men have not ac- reported from all over the world. Word has re- knowledged His lordship. In His name we also cently come from Manchukuo, telling of rich spir- can overcome and can enjoy the fruits of His vic- itual harvests in spite of disturbed conditions. In tory. Do we ever stop to think of the immense Central and North China, Bethel Bands have co- number of obscure volunteer Christian workers operated with Christian pastors and missionaries who are carrying on and are faithful witnesses to conduct fruitful evangelistic campaigns. From to Christ in our churches and Sunday schools; In Burma and India and Siam come stirring reports rescue missions and on street corners; through of the work of Student Gospel Teams, devoting such organizations as the Pocket Testament their week-ends to volunteer evangelism. In Cen- League with 2,000,000 members; in summer con- tral Africa the harvest seems to be limited only ferences (like the Keswick Conferences in New by the number of laborers. In Persia Moslems Jersey, Canada and England); in the summer are turning to Christ and are ready to suffer per- schools of missions and such influential gather- secution and death in order that they may wit- ings as the remarkable Florida Chain of Mission- ness to Him. God has not left Himself without ary Assemblies? How many thousands of devoted witnesses, and as He promised, He has not left us Christian laymen and women are serving on mis- alone to carryon His work. sion boards and similar organizations, large and Some of the most wonderful evidences of the small, in schools and in Christia:o. homes. All Power of the Gospel are those we saw among the Christians are not idle or indifferent or selfish.

former cannibals of New Guinea. When Charles Hundreds of thousands, unknown to us but known Abel went out there about forty years ago these to God, are loyal, devoted, self-sacrificing followers people had no conception of God or of spiritual of Christ.

things. They were living in the deepest degrada- Again, in spite of the criticisms of modern tion, obsessed by fear and continually fighting and youth, the Spiritual Emphasis Movement among devouring one another. Orie Sunday morning we those in college and out is very encouraging. In saw and heard forty-eight new converts from contrast to the drift away from Bible teaching, these people stand up and individually confess faith and conduct, as seen in too many church Christ as their Lord and Saviour. Twenty-three members and schools, we know that unnumbered of them were won by one lay, self-supporting Christian laymen and women, as well as pastors, Papuan evangelist who devoted his week-ends to are firm believers in the Bible as the Word of personal w o r k . " God and in Jesus Christ as their Divine Lord and No man is so low that he cannot be lifted to new Redeemer. All have not bowed the knee to Baal; • life in Christ by the power of God. This is ,ur the Lord "knoweth them that are His." While greatest encouragement. One day at a commUnIon there are at times severe and usually unjustified service in Kwato aNew Guinea man rose and said: criticisms of the officers and members of the Evan- "A few years ago Paula and I were chiefs of gelical Mission Boards-they are not much more two rival tribes who fought and ate one another. perfect than the rest of us-still the vast majority He captured my wife and according to our custom of them we can trust as loyal, devoted servants of I could not be satisfied until I had been revenged. Christ and His Church. They have made mis-

takes but they are ready to learn and to correct One of the great encouragements in Christian their errors, even if they do not always publicly work is the evidence that good living seed, planted acknowledge them. The present financial short- in faith, watered with prayers, and warmed by age has taught some valuable lessons and is mak- love, continues to bear fruit long after the sower ing more clear the fact that spiritual aims and has gone to his or her reward. Who can measure forces are greater than material and that success- the widespread extent and abiding results of the ful Christian work is not measured by material ministry of spirit-controlled men and women such things but only in proportion as men are won to as Hudson Taylor, Adoniram Judson, D. L. Christ and His service. Is it not encouraging to Moody, Eliza Agnew, Guido F. Verbeck, Arthur note that more emphasis is placed on the prime T. Pierson, George Muller and William and Cathimportance of evangelism and the training of erine Booth. evangelists today than was the case ten years ago, when we were sometimes tempted to be self-satis- As in the days of Elisha, though we may not alfied and self-sufficient – perhaps because money ways see them, ,.the forces that are for us are was more plentiful? Adversity has its advantages. vastly more than those that are against us. Christ Again we thank God and take courage. is our Head, our Captain, our victorious Leader.

There are many other reasons for encourage- On a recent Keswick calendar we find this mesment which we must pass over. Among these are sage and comment on Romans 8: 31, "What shall the many answers to prayer, the desire for closer we then say to these things? If God be for us, Christian "cooperation without compromise" at who can be against us?" home and abroad; the real effort to make Christ dominant in every sphere of life; the number of God is for us. Laborers for Christ, lift up your heads. those who contend valiantly for the faith though Be not dismayed or disheartened, God is for us, who can perhaps not always lovingly and tactfully; the be against us? The mountain is full of horses and chariots sacrificial gifts made to mission work by the poor; of fire, and we must not trust the carnal vision to which the spirit-filled prophets that God raises up on spiritual forces are invisible and unreal. The only way the mission fields-men like Kagawa, of Japan; to do any work for the unseen God is to work as well as Sadhu Sundar Singh, of India; Chung Ching Ye, walk by faith, and not by sight, to beli~ve that beyond the of China; Erasmo Braga, of Brazil, and J. E. K. range of our short vision and finite observation stretch Aggrey, of Africa. limitless realms of truth and fact. Behind all work for God stands God Himself, its inspiration and its assurance, its warrant and its reward. Let us believe that His com- mand constitutes authority and His promise security.

ARTHUR T. PIERSON.

Practical Training for Christian Work By WILLIAM J. WEEKS, New York EXTRA-CURRICULAR activities are often a and delivering missionary and evangelistic ad- very important part of a college or semi- nary. The study of the classroom is supple- dresses. Several filled part-time pastorates; othmented by practical experience. In the National Bible Institute (New York), the Student Prac- ers acted as Sunday school superintendents. tical Work Department is not only a supervised training division but is a medium through which For more than twenty-seven years the National evangelistic effort and Christian educational activities are conducted. During the past school Bible Institute, of which Dr. Don O. Shelton is year the aggregate number of persons reached by the Institute students exceeded sixty-five thou- President, has gone forward proclaiming the Gossand. The professed conversions reported numbered one hundred and sixty. pel and training young nien and women for serv- In addition to their regular studies, the stu- ice on home and foreign mission fields. Thousands dents fill weekly assignments in teaching Sunday school classes; teaching classes in week-day of students have been enrolled in the day and church schools, supervision of young peoples' and children's week-day groups, participation in radio evening schools, and through evangelistic meetprograms, song leading and singing, assisting in rescue missions, conducting outdoor evangelistic ings outdoors and in Gospel Halls hundreds of meetings, assisting in pastoral work, preaching thousands have heard the Gospel. In meetings conducted under the auspices of the National Bi- ble Institute in New York during the past year there was an average aggregate attendance of more than 6,000 people every week. Many gradu- • ates have gone forth as ministers, missionaries, evangelists and Bible teachers.

The Institute has suffered, like other Christian work, from lack of financial income but reliance is placed on God and His promises. .

A Christian College for Chinese W omen*

By W. REGINALD WHEELER, Nanking, China American Presbyterian Missionary on the Staff of Nanking University GINLING College, Nanking, opened its doors and has been the pioneer in the use of the spoken in 1915, with one class of nine girls; in (Pei Hwa) idiom in Chinese newspapers, maga- 1934 there were 213 students from sixty- zines and books. At the recent Founder's Day eight senior middle schools in thirteen provinces. ceremonies at Ginling, he spoke on "An Optimist The faculty has increased from eight to fifty; the in the Current Pessimism." He referred to the courses in the curriculum from eight to ninety; position of women in China in the old days and in the College budget from $10,000 (American) to "Women's Education in China Today," saying: $150,000. The library opened with one set of en- "In spite of the popular cry heard lately that modcyclopedias and it has now over 23,000 volumes. ern education in China is a failure, I believe that much progress has been made. Women are thought to have been oppressed by men in the past; yet women had much power in the home and her position was safeguarded as perhaps it is not today…. On the other hand, they were not treated as persons. Now that women receive education, they are on an equal footing with men.

NEW LIBRARY-,ADMINISTRATION BUILDING AT GINLING The total cost of campus buildings and equipment is 'approximately (U. S.) $600,000. Over 300 women have gone out from the College and are working in fourteen provinces; sixty per cent of the students are engaged in educational work; the second largest group is doing social and reli- gious work; medical work is third; and public service fourth. Each spring more applications . are received for the services of the College grad- uates than there are students to fill the positions.

The able president is Dr. Yi-fang Wu, a graduate of the first class of Ginling in 1919.

Dr. H. H. Kung, a Christian and the Minister of Finance and the Vice-President of the Execu- tive Yuan (Cabinet) of the National Government, who studied in America at Oberlin and received his master's degree from Yale, has given clear evidence of his interest in Ginling and his belief that it is the· best women's college in China, by A GROUP OF CHINESE LEADERS AT GINLING COLLEGE sending his two daughters there. Dr. Hu Shih; Dr. H. H. Kung; Mr. Wang Shin Chsoh; PTesldent Wu Dr. Hu Shih has been the leader of the Liter- Emancipation has given women equality. Alary Renaissance in China which has brought though it may have lost to them some of their old about the relegation of the study of the classics, power, the gain is that they have become intelwith their terse and abstruse "Wen Li" style, to a secondary place in the school curricula of China, ligent, reasonable individuals. The opportunity for personal development which has come to them modern t'Imes puts them under obllg' at'Ion .t 0 In • Glnling College, Nanking, was founded twenty years ago. Found-· er's Day was recently celebrated at the opening of the 'new Library- Administration Building and the Chapel-Music Hall. Many forelgn- cultivate their minds." ers and distinguished Cblnese attended the celebration..

[ 187]

I Were Black*

By LEILA AVERY ROTHENBURGER The Wife of the Pastor of the Third Christian Church, Indianapolis, Indiana AVERY alert and widely read gentleman who education I would have to join my husband as a happened to be a Pullman porter told me wage earner. Culturally we would be cut off from that he would hate to be a white man. His practically every fine feature of advancement and reason, stated without trace of rancor, was that entertainment that the city offers, other than the while the Negro has a hard time physically and public library.

economically he does .not in addition have to battle I begin to list Negro families I know in which his own meanness. It was an evaluation of the the parents are trained folk-doctors, teachers, relative spiritual calibers of two races. religious workers; people whose positions are in- After due deliberation I have concluded that it dicative of their character and preparation.

was the Pullman porter way of saying what Arch- The first is a dentist who maintains a home ibald Rutledge said in another way concerning the comparable, in this case even as to location, to black race, "Their feet may trudge' but their souls mine. Recently during the illness of the little child are winged." in that home, the mother, unable to leave, tele- About four years ago I listened to a Christian phoned to the nearest grocery, explained the situ- Endeavor group discuss the question, "Would you ation and asked that certain much-needed articles rather be born black or blind?" Concentric circles be delivered at her door. The grocer refused. The of thought produced by that incident are still wid- delivery boy, touched by sympathy, surreptitiously ening in my brain. If I were black? Trying to fit took the things to the mother. .

into this mood I have read books, searched tables Next Miss X comes to mind. She is a university of statistics, listened to speakers white and black, graduate and a high school teacher. When "Green made a s·eminar journey into the Southland and Pastures" was booked to appear in my city, the repeatedly have found myself submerged in a sea theater sent letters to all high school teachers urg- of discouraging facts. ing them to see this remarkable play by an all- Many of these facts the whites need to know in Negro cast. Unable to go herself but thinking the order that they may understand how underpriv- invitation sincere, Miss X notified a friend who ileged the Negro is physically, economically and would want to see the play. This person ordered culturally. But when all such facts have been a ticket by mail and on the afternoon before the presented, I am inclined to think that, if I were performance made a trip of one hundred twenty- black, it would not be these handicaps that would five miles to the theater. At the door she was concern me most. They would no doubt worry refused admittance because her ticket was for a me but they would not crush my heart. The thing part of the theater where a Negro might not ven- that would dishearten me is that which is made ture and the limited section to which they were vocal for us in Countee Cullen's poem, "In Balti- restricted was sold out. A member of the board more," in which he tells of the chilling blight of of management of a large Y. W. C. A., and anoth- racial hatred as it falls upon the heart of an erst- er high school teacher had the same experience.

while happy lad of eight. It is this downright They were free to walk the streets while they med- meanness, passed on to childJrom parent, that I itated upon the land with "liberty and justice for should not be able to endure unless indeed my soul all."

had wings. Do you remember the thrill that was yours as a I am the wife of a minister, belong to the so- child when you rode on a merry-go-round; how called middle class, university trained, and I am you picked out the particular charger you desired rearing a family. Suppose my skin were black. to ride? The-tantalizing music set your toes danc- How would the picture change? As a family we ing. Pictures of lovely ladies whirled by so fast would sink in the scale of living. We would be you could not tell which was the loveliest. It was forced to move into a neighborhood much less de- hard to watch both the ladies and the horses.

sirable. Economically we would sink to the verge When your turn came, how you wished that nick- of poverty. If my children were to continue their els. grew on bushes that you might ride and ride.

• From World Call for February. 1935. My third name is that borne by a little lad who [188 ] gazed with shining eyes a long summer through. human meanness that the dominant race in our Why could not he ride? Rather than tell him his land shows to its minority groups. father took him along on a trip to New York. At Coney Island the ride went on and on until the But why go on? Such a recital always irritates pocketbook was cleaned of the last nickel, but certain groups who either accuse one of being whether the lad or the watching father enjoyed it sentimental or fling back with, "Why don't you more only the gods can tell. This father is a tell the good things the whites are doing?" The trained executive, head of an institution that is fine things done are blazed forth. If I were black doing a most constructive work in community up- I should try to talk about them more; being white lift. Judged by his training and what that train- I need to find where I am at fault. ing is doing for the civic body, his child should have every right that mine has. If I were black, I am concerned to know what I would do if day it would be denials of a child's right to happiness after day such things had to be faced. For a long that would give me the Pullman porter philosophy. time I halted between the pronouncements of two other gentlemen whom I might have quoted in Speaking of the child brings to mind the case preference to the Pullman porter. One of them is that runs the closest parallel with mine. It is a Dr. John Hope whose sensitive face comes to mind minister's home. Both parents are college trained as he says, when speaking of a rebuff, "Such and shepherding a large church. One of the chi}.· things are so common in our lives that they no dren has defective eyesight. I can think of noth- longer cause resentment, only fatigue." The other ing that I as a mother would struggle so hard to is Dr. W. E. DuBois who, looking us squarely in keep for my child as that bit of precious vision. the eyes, speaks in his beautiful, well-clipped Eng- When the one class for the conservation of eye- lish, "We grant you whites superiority in only one sight was opened this child was rejected because thing, the technique of personal insult." her skin is brown. If I were black what would I think? Would I One intolerably hot day we sat cooling ourselves be able to show the world a face beautiful as an in one of the well-known chain drug stores. A etching with suffering and weary patience? Or Negro came in and, after purchasing and paying would I, with an assurance born of the knowledge for several articles, asked for a soda. In a voice that I was right, hurl the javelins of bitter truth? that could be heard by everyone present the clerk said, "If you want a soda you'll have to go outside o would I good-naturedly give thanks that I was to drink it." not born into a race whose soul is mean? Since I am not presenting an argument with reference there are many more Pullman porters than there to the policy of the drug store or the above-men- are John Hopes or Dr. DuBois', I surmie~ that, if tioned theater. We are dealing with this matter I were black, I, too, would have the Pullman porof meanness. If commercial concerns are going ter philosophy." to pursue the segregation policy, why are they not decent enough to do it when it means the loss of The term is used, not to indicate that this is the money as well as of what they think is social thinking of this group of public servants, but as status? summing up perchance the rank and file feelings of the tenth of our population who arecdark of Could This Happen? skin. When I repeated this porter's sentence to a well-known Negro writer there came a sudden Not long ago the Federal Council of Churches illumination of the face that told me this evaluaput out a pamphlet entitled Could This Happen in tion of the white race struck a responsive chord. Your Community? We studied the leaflet and found it all too easy to duplicate the instances of Is it true? Do I belong to a race whose soul is mean? Carrying in my mind's mirror the faces of a Hope, a DuBois, a Negro poet and a Pullman porter, I am not at ease.

Christ's true crusaders start with a Pentecost; all else is possible after that experience; methods, machinery, resources-all these God will supply-we must supply the men-the hearts, the minds, the wills.

Great spiritual movements are born in prayer; are the outcome of lives regenerated by God, consecrated to His Kingdom, and baptized with fire by His Holy Spirit. "Aggressive evangelism" does not come merely because a committee or commission passes a resolution that we have it. There is a price to pay, and God only waits for us to fulfill the conditions. The time is ripe for a great spiritual movement in India. God moves-He leads-He calls. -"Go Forward !"-By Bishop Benton Thoburn Badley.

Youth Challenges White Youth*

… [ By J. S. LEDBETTER, T,,,,,,/ing Sal"mdn Ij!o– [EDITOR'S NOTE' The following article comes from a traveling affairs of the American nation. The youth of my salesman of the B~ick Motor Car Co., who m~ils it "en route fro~ race, a minority group tied to you, in spite of Berea" with the statement that "as a travellllg salesman land 0 whatever may be said, by 250 years of the unre- Berve~H he had chanced to drop in, uninvited, on the chape fserv;~e quited toil of their forbears, are wondering if, in of Berea College because he heard that a Negro woman or e your effort to achieve a greater civilization, you first time was to 'speak there. The articl~ is a copy of the notes he will ride roughshod over them, or if in Christian took, with incident impressions and convICtIOns.] institutions like this, built around a religion in- telligently conceived and passionately believed, ·N THE chapel at Berea College, on December you will develop that sense of fairness and justice, 14 was enacted a scene which promises a that expression of neighborly-mindedness that will include them in your plan and program for r ch~nge in the attitudes and thinking o.f thou- the development of a finer and better America in which to live." sands of white youth, not only from the hIlls and valleys of Kentucky, but from the ten or more The students' eyes were fastened on the speaker other Southern states represented by the students. and for full forty minutes she held both teachers and students to an almost uncanny silence in her In a scholarly and dignified manner, .wi~h a cul- appeal for justice for her people. tivated voice and gestures of unusual sIgmficance, a little black woman, who has won the title ?f. Doctorate from one of the outstanding universIties of her people, Charlotte Hawkins Brown, protegee of Alice Freeman Palmer, founder and pron;oter of an unique school for her people in the PIedm?nt section of North Carolina, in an eloquent and Im- What Negroes Want passioned plea, challenged the 1,600 or more. stu- The main points emphasized in these expecta- tions were a guarantee of full protection of the dents of Berea College in an address entitled, law under any and all circumstances. Dr. Brown suggested that they exhibited weakness when they "What the Negro Youth Expects of the White substituted mob law for the civil law which they themselves instituted. She also asked for the fol- Youth in Their Tomorrow." lowing things: This Negro woman was the first woman of he.r 1. An opportunity for Negro youth in any and gr:ouP to bring a message to these students. ~resI­ all vocations for which they show an aptitude.

dent William J. Hutchins, who by way of mtro- 2. Equal educational opportunities. 3. A proper evaluation of human personality duction in the weeks that preceded the visit, and underneath black skin. (She stated that failure in this brought about lynching and flagrant inhad given a partial history of her achievements in justice tv people they regarded as not fully created human beings.) education and interracial goodwill. Now he pre- 4. The abolition of purely Negro jobs and an open door to earn a living, with equal wages for sented Dr. Brown as one of the outstanding wom- equal work. 5. The same respect for members of the Negro en of America. race that white people feel entitled to from the Negro race. As an onlooker and listener it was pleasing to contrast the gentle welcoming applause with the thunderous ovation which followed her last words, "Will you meet us half way?" .

After expressing her delight in the opportumty to be at Berea of which she had ihnetahrdatmdeulcihghdt~uurling her New England childhood, brogue flavored by a little of the North Carolma musical twang, she proceeded thus: .

"There is no gift within the range of the Amen- can people that cannot be yours as American white ' She gave striking illustrations of how lack of boys and girls. The industries, the institutions, ordinary courtesy to human beings because their tqhueeawtheeadltth~ and thTeomgoovrreorwnmtehn~t;eairnes awlriellad~ey be- faces are black causes the looking upon color as you. put the badge of a servant always. She told the story into your hands. From the pOSItion of PresIdent, of how a traveler had once taken Booker T. Wash- mSeonraetoir~paonrdtaCntonogfrfeicsessmoafn,ctooutnhtey smaller but ever ington for the porter and had asked "George" to sheriff and city carry his baggage, and Dr. Washington carried it, councilman, you will have the administering of the and on refusing to accept a tip revealed his iden- • From Advance, Boston, January 31, 1935. tity, to the man's shame and confused apology.

[190 ] The speaker said that race prejudice was nei- what a Negro may achieve in culture and educather inherited nor inborn; it had to be taught or tion, her own best appeal and challenge to the cultivated, that Negro women have the hardest white youth of America for fair play and justice time, because white people generally felt that they to her people. When in her closing sentence she could easily be prostituted. said, "I promise God to teach my youth to strive to establish understanding, sympathy, and inter- Dr. Brown emphatically stated that the Negro racial goodwill," with a voice quivering with deep did not want to be white, that he was not seeking emotion she fiung out the challenge to the youth intermarriage. "Marriage," she said, "is compli- of Berea, "Will you meet us half way?" Tears cated enough as it is, without adding the extra filled the eyes of old and young, and the burst of burden of racial mixture. Furthermore, Negro sustained applause that shook the building was an men and women need not go out of the race for indication that this woman, a credit to her race white skin, because slavery had produced a suffi- and to American womanhood, had struck a deep cient supply of mulattoes for their children, and chord in the hearts of white youths of the South, their children's children, if they want light-col- to whom Berea College itself is a challenge. ored mates. Negroes want a chance for self-expression, fair play, and equal opportunities for The day ended with a conference of the comprotection and advancement." bined faculty of 150 or more members, who, after poignant and searching questions, voted that day The last ten minutes of the address gave a rapid as one of the red-letter days of the year, and many review of the founding of the Palmer Memorial were heard to say that a great forward step in Institute at Sedalia, N. C., the financial and racial race relations had been taken. . struggle under which it had been developed from a church for a schoolhouse, a log cabin as a dormi- Making a Garden tory, to its half-million-dollar plant, its significant and interesting interracial program, and its suc- Man ploughs and plants and digs and weeds, cessful endeavor to enlist the interest of its white He works with hoe and spade; neighbors. God sends the sun and rain and air, The recital brought vividly before the group the And thus a garden's made. fact that, notwithstanding her achievements, Dr. Charlotte Hawkins Brown must still suffer the He must be proud who tills the soil, indignities and prejudices heaped upon the illiter- And turns the heavy sod; ate and undisciplined members of her race. Education and culture make little difference. How wonderful a thing to be In parternship with God. There stood this Negro woman, an example of -Ida M. Thomas, in The Maritime Baptist.

SHOPPING IN NANKING ROAD* A Missionary's Wife Reports Four Interviews with Chinese Clerks By HELEN DAVIES, SHANGHAI Missionary of the American Baptist Foreign Mission Society Shanghai is a place of unfailing interest. One day in Sincere's big department store in Nanking Road, the boy waiting on me said, "Are you a jiao-huei shang tih ren?" (a church person) . I smiled and said, "Yes, are you ?" He said, "Yes, and this store is owned by Christians." I asked him where he learned English and he said: "Oh, this store has a night school. They teach us English and business methods, and dzan-chen (approve) Christia.nity."

A few days later in a shoe shop, the young clerk was so kind, I said to him, "Where did you learn English?" He replied, "I go to the Moore Memorial night school." I found that he was a Christian and I left him beaming.

Later, in a leather-goods shop the clerk said, "I studied in a mission school, and I am a Christian." An older man in the store joined in our conversation.

Believe it or not, once again in a tailor shop, the head man quoted a price and added, "For Christians we deduct 10'10." When he said he was a Christian, I burst out, "Praise the Lord, I am so glad."

I went out rej oicing. What impressed me most was to discover that in four separate business places in Shanghai, Chinese business men were not ashamed to admit that they are Christians.

• From Missions, New York. Effective Ways of Working 'Tested Methods for Increasing Interest at Home Ii s. EDITED BY MRS. ESTELLA AITCHISON, GRANVILLE, OHIO ~r-==================I~ OUR FIELD SURVEY Young I was and full of vigor, . Worship Services for Current When the ringing message came: He Still Lives Themes "Go ye-give to every nation The world cannot bury Christ. Christ the blessed Saviour slain." Mrs. Garret Hondelink, of 417 The earth is not deep enough for His Alexander St., Rochester, New So with prayers and gifts I've York, sends two devotional out- tomb; labored, lines as used by her in her sum- The clouds are not wide enough for mer missionary con fer e nee Here at home and 'cross the sea, teaching, the comprehensive His winding sheet. Telling forth the old, old story, theme being "Bible Light on He ascends into the heavens, Duties to Strangers." The first But the heavens cannot contain Him. How Christ died for them and me. is for use in meetings on "Ori- He still lives-in the Church- entals in American Life." Which burns unconsumed with His Now with faltering steps and feeble, Knowing that my race is run, Chapter I: Transformation of love; Chinatown.- Ex. 23: 9; 22: 21; Deut. In the truth that reflects His image; I implore you, dear young daughter, 27: 19; Ezk. 22: 7; Mal. 3: 5; Job In the hearts which burn as he talks Take the work so well begun. 31: 32; Ps. 146: 9. Music: "Where Cross the Crowded Ways of Life"; with them by the way. Weak-I'm faltering by the wayside- "Lord, When to This Our Western -Edward Thompson. You are strong and young and Land."

A Golden Anniversary brave; Chapter II: What about the Jap- Take the tapers in your keeping; anese? Scripture:-Deut. 24: 14-17; Capitalizing anniversaries for Thou Shalt Not Oppress the Stranger. missionary emphasis is a spirit- Go thou forth the world to save. Music: "Our Country's Voice Is ual conservation of energy. The Pleading. Poem, "Look from Thy following pageant written by (Young woman receives the candles.) Sphere of Endless Day." Mrs. C. W. Emery, of Drexel Hill, Pennsylvania, was used at YOUNG WOMAN: Chapter III: The Filipino. Deut. Bethlehem Presbyterian Church, 10: 12-19. Love the Stranger. Music: Philadelphia, on the occasion of Gladly take I all these tapers, "0 Master Let Me Walk with Thee"; the fiftieth anniversary of the Mother, from thy trembling hand. "Hail to the Brightness"; "Now Be founding of a woman's mission- the Gospel Banner." ary society. Adaptations might B'ravely thou hast borne the burden, easily be made for other occa- Scattered joy in every land. Chapter IV: Light from Hawaisions. ian Experience. Scripture:-Ps. 133. Thou hast freely sent the message, Brethren Dwell Together in Unity. Characters: An aged woman, Where the Saviour was unknown; Music from "Pageant of Darkness and symbolizing the past fifty years, Light." Poetry from same. wearing black gown and head Into souls that walked in darkness drapery and carrying a tray Has the wondrous glory shone. Chapter V: The Riddle of the with fifty lighted candles. A Future. Scripture :-Eph. 2: 11-22. young woman dressed in white Weak I am and most unworthy Fellow Citizens. Music, "In Christ and wearing a wreath on her Of the task so humbly given. There Is No East or West"; "Amerhead, symbolizing the coming ica, the Beautiful"-last stanza. half century. Pray this light upon the pathway May lead many souls to heaven. Chapter VI: How the Church Can AGED WOMAN: Help. Scripture:-Heb. 13: 1, 2; AGED WOMAN (Lifting eyes to heaven Mat. 25: 34-40. Attitude Toward Fifty years of loving service and placing hand upon Young Strangers. Music: "God Save Amer- In my trembling hands I bring; Woman's head): ica"; "Lift Up Your Heads, Ye Gates of Brass." Poem: "America, the Joyful years of sweet devotion Jesus, Saviour, help this maiden; Shouts of War Shall Cease." To my Saviour and my King. Take her, train her for the task; The second outline fits "Japanese Every year a candle blazing, Give her joy in loving service, Women Speak." Sending radiant light afar; While this century shall last. Chapter I: The Church at Work. Into darkest lands its shining Let now thy servant go in peace, Scripture :-Rom. 10: 11-15, adding Tells the story of the Star. With a perfect faith in Thee, Miss Kawai's comment, pp. 4-6. Mu- sic: "Tell Me the Old, Old Story," That the knowledge of Christ shall and hymns on the Church. Poem: cover the earth Vachel Lindsay's "An Endless Line of Splendor." As the waters cover the sea. Chapter II: Selling the Gospel (Aged Woman retires silently Wares. Scripture:-Isa. 55: 1-11. while Young Woman remains holding candles and looking up- ward. A voice or chorus hidden from view sings softly one or two stanzas of "The Light of the World Is Jesus," Young Woman quietly retiring during singing.) [192 ]

1935J EFFECTIVE WAYS OF WORKING

Music: "Sowing in the Morning"; sale and the event is made a for inspection, there is a series "God Is Working His Purposes Out"; large feature. of twelve programs covering a "The Whole Wide World for Jesus." Poem: "Shall We Eat Our Morsel lJramatics Pertinent to the year, entitled "Builders of His Alone?" by Bishop of Derry. Current Studies are requested of Kingdom" whose topics are such this Department from time to as "The Place of Prayer on the Chapter III,' Advance in Education. time. Here are pUblications that Mission Field," "The Red Man Scripture :-Prov. 4: 5-13. Music: have been recommended by those for Christ," "Open Doors To- "0 Word of God Incarnate." Poem: using them: day," etc. A package of acti- Woman's Christian College, report for 1929. "0 Kiku San Weds," a dramatiza- vating leaflets covering the top- tion showmg customs of betrothal and ics accompanies the booklet. Chapter IV,' Building the New marriage m Japan and adapted from Japan. Scripture:–Jas. 2: 14-26. The the play, "The Japanese Weddmg." While considerable of the litera- Motive for Social Service. Music: united Uhristian IVllsslOnary :::lociety, ture is denominational, much of "To the Work"; "At Even, Ere the lviisslOns .tlUlldmg, Indlanapohs, Ind. it is also general and the outlines Sun Was Set"; "Thou to Whom the are all adaptable to any church Sick and Dying." Poem: By a Leper "Chnst in the .I!'lowery ISle." Wom- Patient. an's Hoard of Foreign IVlissions, Re- use. formed Uhurch in Amenca, ~5 .t;. Sec- An Ideal Missionary Society Chapter V,' Women at Home. Scrip- ond :::it., N. Y. City. 5 cents. ture :-2 Kings 20: 12-15. What Have is depicted in an article in The They Seen in Thine House? Music: "The Sword of the Samurai." Cen- Friends' Missionary Advocate, "0 Happy Home"; "Home, Sweet tury Co., 350 Fourth Ave., N. Y. City. Home." Poem: "The Cotter's Satur- Elaoorate pageant, 18 characters. '15 in which we note the recomday Night." cents. mendation: "Programs should not be too long and should em- Chapter VI,' Peace and Internation- "The Cross Triumphant." Three brace both home and foreign al Friendship. Scripture:-See pp. episodes, 40 characters or less if parts 188, 189. Music: "Modern Mission- are dOUbled. 35 cents. "AdoptlOn," work . . . Many think light reary Hymn," by H. H. Tweedy; "In One-act sketch, seven characters. 25 freshments promote sociability Christ There Is No East or West." cents. "The Other Point of View." Poem: "What of the Night, 0 Watch- One-act sketch, six characters. 25 and the benefit derived overbalman?" cents. "Sunlight or Candle Light." ances the cost and labor. Per- One act, five characters. 25 cents. sonally I would dispense with In case the above outlines are in- Missionary Education Movement, 150 them except on special occasions sufficient, it is quite possible that Mrs. Fifth Ave., N. Y. City. . . . Two papers or talks of not Hondelink might be willing to answer a reasonable number of inquiries if "The MonolOgue of a Japanese more than fifteen minutes each accompanied by stamped and ad- B/l'ide." Literature Headquarters of will usually be found long enough dressed envelopes. Woman's Missionary Society, United Lutheran Church, 723 Muhlenberg to carry the message needed and Field Briefs Building, 1228 Spruce St., Philadel- will not weary those who listen." phia, Penna. 2 cents. A Relay Meeting or Story A Worthy Missionary Enmakes a good program for vari- "A Japanese Madonna," Four char- deavor in the Cumberland Mounety, dividing a missionary nar- acters. 5 cents. "The Madonna of tains, in Tennessee, by the Presrative into suitable sections and the Gift Shop." Seven characters. 5 byterians, is the work of the assigning these to different par- cents. Woman's HO'/1~e Missions Mag- Sunday school missionary with ticipants to tell-not read unless azine, January, 1935. "Meiko's Quest." absolutely necessary – the one Two characters. 5 cents. Address the Parent-Teachers' Association starting the story handing the 420 Plum St., Cincinnati, Ohio. in the Sixth District. Certain familiar athletic relay race wand to the next narrator and so on "The Cross Roads." (Data given parts of the program on either to the end. Supplemented with later.) side are coordinated so as to suitable devotionals and music, the editor's story, "When a Kurd NOTE.: The Editor of this Department be of service to the child, the Becomes a Christian," pp. 24-29 carries no literature. AI! requests for In- home, the community and the in the January REVIEW, would formation conce.rning methods must be ac- school without doing violence to be excellent and could not fail companied by return postage. to impress an audience that the a non-sectarian policy. The evangelistic message and method A Reading Course with cred- plan covers the territory of 350 have not lost their power. its and awards is maintained by the Women's Missionary Federa- public schools in seven counties. An Invalids' Auxiliary to a tion and Lutheran Daughters of A report of the Sunday School Missionary Society. The Edin- the Reformation, with headquarburgh (Scotland) Medical Mis- ters at 425 South Fourth St., Missions says: sion Society holds an annual sale Minneapolis, Minn. This course of work done by a coterie of in- includes assigned portions of the Through this mlSSlOn, vacation valids who are thus able to make Bible each year, the Church pe- Bible schools, visitation of communitheir contribution to service. It riodicals and a list of devotional ties, etc., we endeavor to preserve the is given early in the year because and missionary books adapted to religious life which is the bulwark of the committee has decided that the interests of men and boys as our civilization. The places of repurses are not so empty then as well as women and girls. We ligious need shall continue to have under the numerous appeals that note that THE REVIEW is in- our attention. To strengthen, fortify come later. Cards are circulated cluded in the credit list of peri- and maintain this work, friendly conwidely in advertisement of the odicals, and that the book list tacts shall be maintained with edu- includes numerous undenomina- cational and community welfare tional publications such as Rob- groups. We shall continue to work ert E. Speer's "Of One Blood." in behalf of neglected boys and girls and to give them spiritual guidance In their literature packet re- and teaching. The Unit of Sunday cently sent to this Department School Missions occupies, a strategic position in the Presbytery of the Cum- berland Mountains. '

Clever Devices exploited at the according to characteristics of organ- Poster Contest conducted by the summer conference of the Meth- izations, etc. The silver offering made executive committee of the Genodist Woman's Foreign Mission at each table may be allocated as de- eral Synod in the Reformed sired, as: That from the two or more Church in the United States. It Society of the Cincinnati Dis- senior groups pays for the supper, was written by Mrs. F. R. Cas- the junior organizations keeping theirs selman, of Tiffin, Ohio. Sumtrict, at Lakeside, Ohio: for specific objects, etc. One table marized for brevity, its leading furnishes the music, another the de- points are: A large poster with tiny balloons votionals, another a dramatic sketch, attached at the bottom of the sheet, and so on. This excellent idea came A secretary of missions appointed these being advanced upward accord- also from the Lakeside conference last ing to a graduated schedule of each summer. for the Sunday school, this person arwoman's activities in her local society, such as Christmas or Thanksgiving A Choice Pageant is described by ranging, unifying and supervising a offering, use of mite box, field sup- Elizabeth Fensom, of the Baptist Litport, etc., the unique marker going erature Bureau, the title being, "The complete program of activity, inclu- ·'over the top" when the full list was Cross Roads," by Elsie Hand Klinger. attained. It is recommended "for such a time as sive of adult studies and activities. this." The author's foreword says Anyone wishing to get stories, plays, Japanese fan-pockets to be used as that it is not a pageant of pagans and receptacles for dues, baskets and tiny Christians but one which uses the par- books, missionary letters, etc., goes to pocket books serving the same pur- able of the Wise and the Foolish Virpose. gins to illustrate the different degrees her. of consecration between Christians Scrap books of art paper (obtained and Christians. "It is a question not The aim with the beginners is to at ten-cent stores), each page featur- only of reaching or missing heaven ing some department of the society's but also of taking or losing the op- lead them to think in terms of others held work. When a member of the portunity for the fullness of Life." by such means that the little folks will society pays as much as a dollar, she This pageant was first used at the has her pIcture mounted on the page Northfield Summer Conference in not only have interest but also love featuring the specific work toward 1929. Its characters are: Revelation, which her contribution is designated. Consecration, Opportunity, Foreigners for brothers and sisters unseen. If (20 or less, only six having speaking this is well done, there will be no later A poster with a scale up the center parts), Pilgrims, Hindrances, and any of the sheet to mark altitude, one goal desired number in a choir. This may problem of interesting young people of the organization for each point on be obtained through the Baptist Lit- in missions. "One day Charles asked the scale. A heavy curved lme near erature Bureau, 152 Madison Ave., the top indicates the beginning of the New York City, or any similar denom- us to call him 'Mr. Sunshine.' We stratosphere which the organization inational headquarters. Price, 15 or the mdividual desires to penetrate. cents. asked him why, and he said, 'We each This and the poster design pre- The Prince of Peace Declama- have a name. I am Mr. Sunshine. viously mentioned might be used sepa- tion Contests. Since the war rately or combined in one, as the spirit as well as the facts of war Teacher calls Kenny, "Mr. Blackbird." Methodist women used it. are among the greatest obstacles to Christian missions, a number He has a black suit with a red tie. Handkerchief showers for Japanese of denominations are now includ- Mr. Blackbird is an Indian. We play missionaries raising money abroad ing these contests in their misthrough holding bazaars, handker- sionary programs each year. A Indian Sunday school.' " chiefs being excessively high in price booklet containing twelve orain Japan. tions which won first place in In the primary department, picture various State Peace Oratorical Blessing boxes distributed among Contests during 1932-33 has books are made for the boys and girls the membership, a penny to be dropped been printed by the Ohio Council in each time a personal blessing is of Churches and may be obtained in Japan, the materials being cut from noted. from that organization, at 44 East Broad St., Columbus, Ohio. old Sunday school papers and pasted Valuable key words to be used in Price, 25 cents. Information reprograms: "Give to the Lord and not garding contests will be fur- together according to a central theme to the treasurer." "Gush and grin nished free. The United Chrisfolks." "Now (a word of which John tian Missionary Society thinks -pictures about Jesus, about God's and Paul made frequent use), trans- so highly of this phase of misposing its letters for unique effects: sions that it includes two of the helpers, policemen, firemen, bakers "If we work hard now, we shall own declamations in its regular lita share in the missionary enterprise; erature packets. and the like. Groups of nations such and if we own a share or responsi- as Indians, Mexicans, etc., are feability for closing the year satisfactor- A Missionary Program for the ily, we shall also own a degree of Sunday School tured. Next month there will be satisfaction in having done aur part." "Weare won for Christ and are not The Outlook of Missions for stories and songs about the far-away our own: we are bought with a price." June prints the story which won friends, and the following month suit- "The victory will be won if we earnest- the first prize among Sunday ly do all the things suggested in the school teachers and officers in the able missionary plays will be introprogram. The battle over defeat, dis- 1934 Stewardship Essay and couragement and the depression will duced. Still later, "a real mlm from be won and ours will be the reward; India" will be engaged to talk. And but nothing will be won if we allow procrastination to rob us now; so now so the work will enlarge. let us pay our dues, subscribe for the missionary magazine, attain the sev- Among the young people, "Someeral goals, etc." times the teacher leads but more often A Family Party in a church, with a free supper, each organization seat- we have one of the young folks talk ed at a separate table with suitable decorations, money receptacle for of- on a missionary subject. Occasionally ferings, song sheets with homemade jingles to familiar tunes, place cards we have a foreign student or a re- turned missionary speak, or we have snapshots passed around which have been sent us from the field. Once in a while part of a letter from a mission station is read." A temperance leaflet written and illustrated by the Chinese is shown. An Arabian tells of his all- night watches on the hills of Bethle- hem. Each class is named after a missionary or a mission project, and each Christmas a box is sent to the particular stations. In the fall, mis- sion conference reports are rendered in the form of dramatizations, imag- inary broadcasts or informal round tables where the delegates sit around a table and share with us the inspira- tion and information gained. .

The home department of the Sunday school supplies the shut-ins with copies of the home and foreign mis- sion day services, the mission plays given, as well as letters from mission- aries. It is no wonder that the be- nevolent apportionment of such a church is paid fully and on time.

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BULLETIN OF The Council of Women for Home Missions ANNE SEESHOLTZ, EXECUTIVE SECRETARY, 105· EAST TWENTY-SECOND STREET, NEW YORK ~=~~~~~~~~~~~ Missionary Meditations has to be kept up every day and 2. THE PRACTICE OF ETERNITY 1. THE PRACTICE OF THE CROSS all days . . . This was a call to IN OUR HEARTS. give up their current ways of IN LIFE. thinking and to think more On Good Friday, 1927, G. deeply; to change their stand- Studdard Kennedy read the Can the blind guide the blind? ards of good and evil for truer story of the trial and crucifixion Shall they not fall into a pit? of Jesus on whose cross was the ones; to leave their present accusation, placed by a for- Thou who teachest another, selves to attain a higher plane of eigner, "This Is Jesus the King teachest thou not thyself? living together." of the Jews." As one listened to the reader, time and space were Jesus called the multitude It is suffering that has no forgotten. The congregation unto him, with his disciples, and meaning which makes us desper- was present at the trial and the said unto them, "If any man ate; it is suffering caused by crucifixion. And the Son of would come after me let him man became veritably the Son deny himself and take up his man's inhumanity to man which of God, to that assembly nothing cross and follow me." makes us bitter and rebellious, doubting. On another occasion, and breaks both heart and spirit. G. Studdard Kennedy taught, Who was this Jesus who early "We have seen that we are terriin life knew that he was the be- Grant us, 0 Father fied at having to bear the Cross, loved Son of God and who most but sooner or later it comes to us. often referred to himself as the Clear eyes of sincerity, Jesus' means of communication Son of Man? He came out of a That today we may look fearlessly with God were not different from wilderness experience to share over thy world, . ours.. He built up his world for his idea of the Kingdom of God. He gave his life to teaching and And through tragedy, evil and pain himself as we do our own, but his was the real world; it was of healing and did not allow the ac- See indwelling the whole, Thy Spirit. real value and had a meanclaiming crowd to make Him ing. . . . their king. Show us the Cross of Thy passion, 0 Christ, "We may have doubts and Who was this Jesus who wonder whether his way was the healed the sick, comforted the The meaning of all man's past, all his right way, or is there a truer sorrowing, who fed the hungry future, one. He bared his breast to the and then spent whole nights in foes and died in consequence, prayer in preparation for the Bound up in that Cross: and on Good Friday it looked like next day? He was in his early Show us the glory, the beauty, the joy the end of all things but Christhirties when he set his face tianity does not take his death steadfastly toward Jerusalem of Calvary, as the end. Which was right, after he told his intimate Teach us to bear Thy Cross forward. Jesus or His crucifiers? That is friends that going there meant the crucial point. Weare asked his death. His disciples fol- Amen. to stake our life on the principle lowed him. of love and discard hatred and From the Divine Companionship: warfare. Is it possible? It Who was this Jesus who in would not be, if we were left to Gethsemane while his followers J. S. Hoyland do it by ourselves, but we are slept could accept death as the not. God is on our side, so there way to fulfill his life's work? [195 ] is no impossibility. The dis- ciples realized that, as they went In an article called "The As- further with triumph, not as tonishment of the Cross," L. P. failures." Furthermore we have Jacks calls our attention to the each other in the church now enrecord quoted at the beginning, circling the globe. Are we towhich implies that Jesus asked day "like sheep, gone astray"? the multitude, not just his dis- Are we turned "everyone to his ciples, to take up their crosses. own way"? It is "an invitation not to take part in a ceremonial affair once in a lifetime" but to make it "the continuous keynote of the new life … a self-renunciation that

The man who wrote Eccle- PIONEERING TODAY IN Daniel A. Poling, called attensiastes and could write very tell- tion to the "World Day of ingly of the meaning of life and AMERICAN LIFE* Prayer," which this year falls on the vanities thereof, wrote in March 8. She urged that it althis connection: By MRS. ORRIN R. JUDD ways be referred to with the completing phrase "for mis- "I have seen the travail which The alluring theme, "Pioneer- sions," and that women engage God hath given to the sons ing Today in American Life," singly or in groups in prepara- of men to be exercised featured the program of the an- tory prayer at noon on Mondays therewith; nual meetings of the interde- in order that the fullest signifi- nominational Hom eMissions cance of the day be realized. He hath made everything beau- Council and the Council of Wom- Miss Seesholtz spoke of the need tiful in its time; also He en for Home Missions in Phila- of integrity of purpose and of hath set eternity in their delphia, January 6-10. The .the importance of group-action hearts." theme suggests that there is no cooperation, in the pioneering of easy road ahead. There are today. We thank Thee that in Thy presence many obstacles in the way. All barriers break, Churches exist that are indiffer- Home mission literature for ent and self-centered. There are 1935 is based on the theme All illusions dissolve, scoffers who count home mis- "Pioneering Today in Home All accidents of time and space vanish sions "a spent enthusiasm." Missions." It includes the usual Nevertheless there is also con- volumes for various age groups. away, fident hope and faith that the In addition, an American edition All separation, all bereavement, is courage w hie h characterized of a remarkable book recently those who first blazed Christian published in London, has been abolished trails across this continent is issued by the Missionary Educa- In the exceeding glory of Thy audience still a vital force. There are new tion Movement. It is entitled goals to be set and new triumphs "The Jew and World Ferment," chamber. to be achieved. by Basil Mathews.

Grant that we may know ourselves Although separately organ- Courageously both Councils working ized the· two Councils work in faced up to the problems of to- close cooperation. Separate ses- day. Changed conditions of In- Together in Thy one service, sions were planned for the morn- dian life resulting from new gov- Each in each knowing and sharing ings, and joint sessions for the ernment policies, necessitate a The hard and smooth, the bitter and afternoons and evenings. The restudy of service in that field. discussions included intimate Wide opportunities beckon to the sweet, and intricate details of Young united Protestantism for Chris- Members of each other made one in People's Work, Home Mission tian guidance in government In- Planning, Merger of Churches, dian schools and increasingly Thee Work among Migrant People, for friendly service through the One tool to work for Thee. the Christian Approach to the establishment of Christian cen- Jews, Church Building, Coopera- ters in Indian communities. One new creature in Thyself. Amen. tive Service to the Indians, and to New Americans. Promotion That the home mission enter- J. S. HOYLAND. of Home Mission Interest and prise must be adjusted to an in- Beneficence-a kaleidoscopic va- tensive era was the concluding "And Jesus came and touched riety of problems of common in- topic. "Home missions must now them, and said, Arise and terest. Breakfast committee learn to meet the needs of the be not afraid. meetings provided for additional new frontiers resulting from a discussions. From these emerged closing-in process. Moving pop- And lifting up their eyes, they reports for consideration in the ulations were part of an expan- saw no one save Jesus full sessions, such as "The Share sion era. We can no longer solve only." of Christian Youth in the Church our problems by moving away." Life," and "Young People on the Challenging all present to the *** Boards of Local Churches and task of making Christian mo- Their National Organizations." tives and standards more deter- An International Relations mining in all areas of life, this News Release gives news of the The annual meeting of the inspiring meeting of the Coun- Tenth Conference on the Cause Council of Women for Home cils adjourned. and Cure of War, Marathon Missions was pleasantly intro- Round Tables, and a "Message duced on Monday evening by a "And Jesus came and touched to the Churches." The follow- Fellowship Dinner which fea- them, and said, Arise and ing books were recolllmended at tured three addresses on: "Chris- be not afraid. the Conference on the Cause and tian Women as Modern Pio- Cure of War: "The Backwash neers." The president, Mrs. And lifting up their eyes, they of War," by Ellen W. LaMotte saw no one save Jesus (Putnam), $2.00; "Why Wars • Quoted by permission from Missions, only." Must Cease," by Ten Authors March, 1935. (Macmillan), $1.00; "Must We Have War?" by Ascher Henkim (Doubleday), $2.50; "The Power of Non-Violence," by Richard B. G reg g (Lippincott), $2.50; "Peace with Honor," by A. A. Milne (Dutton), $2.00; "Europe Between Wars," by H. F. Armstrong (Macmillan), $1.25; "The International Community and the Right of War," by Don Luigi Sturzo (R. R. Smith), $3.

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1 OUf W orld~wide Outlook ~'~I~====A=M=issi= ona=ry N=ew=spa~per~of=Cu=rre~nt E=ven=ts ~~~~~ INDIA AND BURMA in which it is stated that Islam out of the family and society.

Religious Liberty in New stands ready to sanction plural "We are willing that the Chris- India marriages when there have been tian community as a political en- no children from the first mar- tity should fade out," said Dr.

Dr. Cornelia Sorabji, an In- riage. It was hoped that popular J ones, "provided you allow peodian Christian lawyer, a des- opinion will increasingly oppose ple to stay in their homes and cendent of a Parsee family, re- plural marriage. be frank, open Christians, memfers to the Indian Joint Commit- The conference urged that the bers of a moral and spiritual ortee's promise of religious equal- Sarda Act be more vigorously ganization called the Christian ity and freedom from interfer- enforced. Most women of India, Church, without disability or ence with religious practices. including all the enlightened She contends that this· freedom ones, are opposed to child mar- penalty. They need not change riages. Much can be done by their dress nor their food. They is to be conferred on emanci- such conferences in creating could still be vegetarians if they pated Indians who are "more popular sentiment in favor of definitely outside the affected doing away with this evil. The desired, they could stand in the All-India Women's Conference stream of India's culture and inarea than the British them- will next meet in 'Travancore. terpret Christ in that stream. selves," and cites the Sarda Mar- As Indian women more and more Are you willing to advocate riage Act and the Temple Entry will be taking their place in the this?" Mr. Gandhi's reply was: ordinary councils of India the Bill (for Depressed Classes) as women's conference will find "Personally, I would. If my son types of well-meaning but mis- less and less scope for its activtaken legislative efforts which ities. -The Indian Witness. should become a Christian in the sense which you indicate, and have provoked threats of "blood- New Kind of Idolatry there should be no brandy and shed such as India has never cigars :involved, then I would In Benares, high place of idolknown before." She declares atry, among the shrines to mon- continue to hold him as an honthat the Sarda Act has been in- key gods and elephants gods, to ored member of my home and effective and has set back re- Shiva and Kali, there is now a would allow him to hold his faith form, and sees no protection for temple for a modern sort of wor- without interference. If you religion in the Committee's re- take this attitude most of the port. She calls for the viceroy's objections against Christianity previous sanction for any bill affecting religious usage and in India will fade out." -The Christian Century.

asks a two-thirds majority in the ship. There is no image within; Inter-Mission Business Office legislature for any such bill ad- just a great marble relief map, vocated by orthodox Hindus. Announcement is made of the fifty by fifty feet in dimension, opening of the Inter – Mission done to scale scientifically with Women's Conference-and Business Office in Bombay, Marriage India's mountains and rivers all which the REVIEW has already accurately drawn. Here is na- mentioned as in prospect. Three A women's conference is no tionalism, young India's object American missions are responsilonger a novelty in India; there- of worship-Mother India, spa- ble for starting the project; the fore the All-India Women's American Marathi Mis s ion, meeting at Karachi was not giv- cious and beautiful and ancient. -Sunday School Times. Church of the Brethren Mission en much press notice. A strong Stanley Jones Interviews and the Southern Asia Branch resolution was passed appealing Gandhi of the Board of Foreign Misto women to object to plural sions of the Methodist Episcopal marriages; to refuse to marry a Dr. Stanley Jones, in a recent Church. Three others have exman with another living wife. interview with Gandhi, put some pressed their desire to cooperate, This will be difficult to enforce questions to him about converts and twelve others have already unless others, besides the women to Christianity becoming a sep- entered into a partially cooperto be married, are opposed to arate political entity in India. ating arrangement for one plural marriages. Most of the Dr. Jones pointed out that Hin- year. Some of these have exteeth of this resolution were re- dus do not allow anyone who pressed their desire to consider moved by another resolution chose to follow Christ to remain full cooperation as the office bepassed by the Moslem members, in his own home, but put him comes more fully established.

[197 ]

The advantages of such an of- But one building after another where we preach, entertain male fice will be gained when a few was added, other workers came; guests, and do personal work. We missionaries will be able to re- in 1922 an outstanding need was have one preaching tent sixteen by lieve a large number of missions met by a school for girls. This thirty-two feet and a smaller one for from the necessity of maintain- has had a steady development. the women's work. These tents are ing a separate business office Then the Peabody-Montgomery pitched within sight of one another in with missionary personnel and Home for tubercular women was the villages where we get good heara separate staff. Chief emphasis opened. There is now a school ings. In the evenings we show lanat the beginning is being put on for missionaries' children, giv- tern slides on religious subjects or the ability of the office to offer ing significance to Taunggyi as preach. Around the tent walls we better facilities for the sale of a mission center. Because of the hang Gospel pictures, done by native drafts, arrangement of travel, healthful climate, a number of artists. We have forty folding stools, and banking in Bombay. The retired missionaries live there. and generally borrow a table and office is located at 82, Esplanade chairs from the villagers. I propose Road (American Ex p re s s – Watchman-Examiner. to teach the evangelist in the morn- Bldg.), Fort Bombay. ings, and in the afternoons to preach Missionaries Need Revival Too to the villagers. We intend to spend -The Indian Witness. at least three full weeks in any given At an evangelistic confer.ence center-longer if interest warrants. Epidemic in Ceylon of about seventy-five teachers and preachers at the English Christian Colleges in China Mary Leitch, missionary of Methodist Mission at Kyaukse the American Board in Ceylon, last October, about 40 witnessed Christianity is meeting some is seeking to enlist help in stem- to their faith. But it was a criti- of the fundamental needs of the ming a new plague that has cal moment when one of the Bur- Chinese people as they struggle broken out in Ceylon. Her let- mans said: "Well, it's all very for a new national life. Christer (dated February 6) states: well for us to face up to our sins, tian colleges are a very potent but what about the mission- agency in this reconstruction. There are 12,000 dead and at least aries? Will- they admit their sins Fukien University has made a 1,000,000, one sixth of the island's too? Will they confess as well contribution along four different population, afflicted by the ravages of as we?" A young missionary lines: a mysterious green germ malaria, a then made a complete surrender malady new to British medical science. of his life. He confessed his sins (1) Through the study of science I saw children less than 15 years of and witnessed to the new power and the spread of scientific education. age dragging their dead parents to and love of Christ in His life. graves, and I saw sick and dying men Redemption and release became (2) Through the study of Chinese and women burying their children. real, and then the Burmans too culture with its rich resources ac- wanted this release and joy and cumulated through many centuries. The London Mail of Feb. 4th power which only Christ can reported: give when we are ready to be (3) Through rural reconstruction, absolutely honest about our sins. one of the most urgent problems of The expert of a group of distin- present-day China. guished malariologists told the United CHINA Press tonight that the death total in (4) Through Christian character Ceylon's "green germ" malaria epi- New Methods in Tsinghai building. Many Fukien graduates are demic will probably reach 50,000. The today serving China with consecrated danger is that the disease may spread Mr. and Mrs. John Bell went lives. to India, and from there to every part from Canada in 1921, to work of the world. for the C. 1. M. in Tsinghai. -C. J. L., in the Missionary They are now undertaking a new Herald. Missionary Center in Burma work, described by Mr. Bell in China's Millions: New Medical Work Northeast of Burma are the Shan States under the general We have moved to an entirely new The C.M S. has opened an ursupervision of the British Gov- and unworked district. It is interest- gently needed work in a market ernment, but under the direct ing from several standpoints. The town near Canton, South China, rule of chiefs or Sawbwas. population is made up of Chinese, a center for 20 villages. H. A. Taunggyi is the capital of this Moslems, aborigines and a few Tibet- Wittenbach writes in The Life territory, and 28 years ago was ans. All speak Chinese except the of Faith: without any Christian. About latter. Facing the main street we that time Dr. and Mrs. A. H. have a shop which has been cleared In the first month over 400 patients Henderson, American Baptist of counter and other fixtures, and were treated. There were over 1,300 missionaries, set up a dispensary equipped with a table, two chairs, and visits to the clinic, the average daily and day school for the dozen or some benches. The walls are white- attendance being about forty-five. A so children who s e parents washed and decorated with Gospel Christian dispenser has been engaged. braved the wrath of the Bud- posters. At one end is a small room As yet there is only accommodation dhist community and subjected partitioned off, and in it a kang on for out-patients. Christian and other their children to Christian teach- which the evangelist sleeps. It also posters are displayed on the walls of ing. On Sundays there was Bi- contains a cupboard for literature and the Gospel hall, which serves as a ble teaching and public worship. medicines. This is the preaching shop, waiting room for patients, and church There was vigorous opposition. workers have an opportunity of ex- plaining these, and of teaching those who wait. Christian literature is also available for those who can read. Several new members have been brought into the Church, and the clinic is already having an effect on public opinion.

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

"The Christian Farmer" could resist. We modified the limb published in Isfahan, in its issue we had learned to make, and after of January 3, 1935, published an The Christian Farmer, news- some experimenting we had the pleas- article entitled, "The World paper for rural Chinese, has had ure of seeing Mrs. Liu walking with- Bows Down Before Islam," as a good start. At the end of the out support. Some time later the follows: first two months the paid sub- same Convent sent us a girl of about scription list was 2,400, and rep- nine, who had also lost both feet, and Recently M. Benito, the Italian resented 19 provinces as well as within two days of the last try-on, she, philosopher, has been converted to Korea and Siam. Four-fifths of too, was walking, proud and unaided. Islam. When such deep thinking peothe subscribers were related to We have altogether supplied that con- ple accept Islam for their religion, it some Christian organization. vent with five legs, and received shows that Islam is the best religion. The articles are written in a lan- through them $100 (£7 lOs.) towards M. Benito, after conversion, is pubguage understood by thousands the task of setting China's cripples lishing a weekly magazine on Islamic of recent literates, chiefly rural. on their feet. principles and privileges to give the The paper is published under the news to others. auspices of the North China -The Chronicle. Christian Rural Service Union, In one of his articles he writes, "I and is financed by the Presbyte- JAPAN-CHOSEN want to ask the European missionrian China Council, the Chris- aries who go to the Orient for mistian Literature Promotion Fund Mikado a Moslem?-Not Yet! sionary work why they go there and and other special gifts. The edi- try to disturb the Orientals? What tor is Mr. T. H. Sun, a former The following article (trans- benefit do they give to the followers Secretary of the National Chris- lated) appeared in an Arabic of Islam? Aren't they deceiving themtian Council of China. That this newspaper in Latakia, Syria, the selves? I, who am a Farangi, do my newspaper is filling a great need Al-Irshad for September 24, part in giving the good tidings of is indicated by the following let- 1934: Islam to my countrymen. Islam is the ter from a reader in Kansu only religion of peace and comfort Province: It was reported a few weeks ago and the protector of world peace." that the MIKado of Japan had em- "The Tien Chia paper (The braced Islam. 'l'hen thIS was denied Another Italian teacher writes an Christian Farmer) has given in certain quarters. "He had not yet article in which he points out that up great satisfaction to us all. We embraced lslam, but was sympathetic to some years ago the Christians have about a dozen different towards it-That's all!" But we have showed Islam to be the worst religion magazines here, but they are all come across very important facts in of the world, but fortunately the prepared for the better-educated an article in Al-Ayam, taken from an Europeans, especially their diplomats, classes and are quite beyond the Indian paper DmnWian Star (sic) found out the truth that the only way understanding of us farmers. about the Islamic movement in Ja- to get away from the world. crisis ~s The Tien Chia is the only maga- pan … by accepting the peace-seekmg relIzine in which useful information gion of Islam. is rendered in simple language A Japanese Islamic delegation rewhich even women and children cently arrived in India, Afganistan, Such is propaganda! Can any can readily understand. Weare and Persia, bearing official papers be induced to believe these statesending $1.50 for five subscrip- from the Japanese liovernment, and ments, entirely unsupported by tions for one year." has begun to meet with some of the evidence? The credulity of men Muslim Ulama and confer with them is great, especially if they have -Rural Missions. about a journey to Tokyo to observe no access to facts. The memory the Islamic movement there. The of men must be short, and their Putting China on Its Feet members of this delegation stated that knowledge very limited, if they the number of those who had em- can forget the Turkish and other Dr. Keith Gillison of the Un- braced Islam in Japan up to the pres- Mohammedan aggressive wars ion Hospital at Hankow says ent had reached 65,000 in Tokyo alone! and massacres of racial and rethat no annual report is com- and that there were many eager to ligious foes, which so clearly displete without some mention of adopt this religion but who were prove the preposterous claim artificial legs. waiting for someone to explain to that "Islam is the only religion them its beauties. of peace and comfort, and its Weare now working on leg number protector of world peace." 61. What pleases me most, however, The members of the delegation is the fact that we have not only made added that the government had desig- Facing Religion progress in making limbs, but have nated large amounts in its budget this found it possible to begin tackling year to build mosques in Japan, and A big Japanese daily newspacases of double amputation. The Con- it is expected that seventy mosques per declares that "one of the vent of St. Anne sent me a Mrs. Liu will be built there within five years. most significant developments in who had lost both feet from frost-bite. A member of the delegation was Japan in the past year or so is Previously it had been our rule to re- asked about the report that the Mi- the sudden interest shown by fuse to attempt such cases-it was kado had embraced Islam, and he con- the people in religion." This felt that the type of limb we turned firmed it, saying that the emperor takes the form of making reliout was not suitable for those who had been converted by the Turkish gious books best sellers. The had not one sound foot to stand on. sheikh, Muhammad Ali Bakir. But Broadcasting Association of J a- Mrs. Liu, however, had a pair of ideal some of the European papers attempt pan puts on a morning religious stumps, firmly healed, and the temp- to deny the news for fear that its ef- service. Buddhism, Confuciantation to help her was more than we fect upon Moslems will be to make ism, Christianity, all are being them pro-Japanese. It is enough that considered. "Once," says the an American paper, looking at this Times, "Marxist publications report from a purely commercial and socialistic books were best standpoint, said that the Mikado had embraced Islam to expedite the sale of Japanese goods in the Islamic world.

The vernacular press in Per- sia also publishes stories of the spread of Islam. Erfen, a paper

sellers in Japan, particularly modation was for 730 patients, C. E. Objectives among the younger generation, there were already 910 inmates; From all of Korea's thirteen but today religious books are but they readily agreed to re- provinces, from Manchuria and best sellers. It is quite a wide ceive 80 homeless fellow-suffer- Japan came 2,157 registered step from Marxism to Buddhism ers. delegates to attend the first or Confucianism, but it is true quadrennial convention of the that the people of Japan are At a memorial service at Ai- National Christian Endeavor more interested in religious con- seien a blind survivor told how Union held in Pyengyang, Sept. solation thap. in Marxism or Fas- he himself had been saved by 1-6, 1934. One delegate came cism." Miss Nakano. He had been from over 100 miles beyond Har- walking in deep water, sup- bin. Attendance so far exceeded Methodist's 60th Anniversary ported by her, when a high wave expectations that a second edi- struck them. When he was even- tion of the programs, song books The anniversary of the com- tually saved he cried bitterly on and badges had to be hastily ising of the first Methodist mis- hearing that the chief nurse was sued. It was estimated that sionaries to Japan 60 years ago missing. He wept again at the 2,000 took part in the Convenwas widely observed last winter. service, crying "She died instead tion communion service. At a great mass meeting in Hibi- of me, me, helpless, blind, half ya Hall, Tokyo, 1,500 listened to dead, ugly leper !" A list of objectives was Bishop Akazawa's appeal for a adopted: spiritual solution to Japan's -Without the Camp. present difficulties, and personal Double the membership in four loyalty to Jesus Christ. A joint Uphill Work in Rural Korea years. choir of 120 voices from all the Methodist churches of the city, It has been said that with a Encourage all to read good books under the leadership of Prof. good man, a living allowance and magazines. and a village in which to put Train young people's leaders.

Nakada of Aoyama Gakuin Col- him, it is possible to start a Emphasize temperance. lege, gave assurance by their group of Christians almost any- Acquaint the church with the need singing in Japanese a number of where in Korea. About a year for work among juniors and intermedifficult sacred oratorios that ago the Presbyterian Rural Com- diates, and train leaders for these. Japan is no longer dependent mittee of Korea offered to pay Organize junior and intermediate upon foreign musicians for guid- half the salary of a man to go societies in each church.

ance in music. Another evidence into an entirely non-Christian Each C. E. member teach at least of Methodism's growing power country district, if the Presby- one person to read during the year.

is the announcement that during tery would pay the other half. Keep ownership of land. Do not 1934 nine new churches of the This was agreed upon, and Lee sell even to educate children.

denomination have been dedi- Heung Soo, an elder with suc- Economize. Never spend more than cated, four of them in Tokyo, cessful experience as Bible So- Yen 50 for weddings and feasts. and largely free from debt. ciety colporteur and an evangel- Encourage hygiene.

-Christian Century. istic worker, was sent into one Work land together and use pro- of the most hopeless districts ceeds for young people's work.

Leper Colony Swept Away among the mountains, a place Thank God for Christian Endeavor notorious for its large number of in Korea. Among other disasters result- communists. At first there was ing from the typhoon that swept much indifference and some per- -Korean Echoes. Japan last September, the Soto- secution, with no permanent rejima Leper Colony near Osaka sults to speak of. But Mr. Lee's Young Girl's Prayer was wholly destroyed. Of the last letter says: 594 inmates 170 lost their lives The Missionary Link puband also 14 members of the staff By the blessing of the Lord I am lished the first prayer in Engand their families. Among the well and enjoying the preaching of lish of a fourth year student in latter was the chief nurse, Miss the Gospel greatly. Yesterday, Sun- Doremus Girls' High School, Ja- day, five influential young men of this pan.

Nakano, who did everything pos- district decided to become Christians, Our Father in Heaven: I want to for which I am exceedingly grateful, thank Thee that I can live and thank sible to save the helpless blind and there are many signs of the Chris- Thee every day. We are so happy patients. The colony had been in tian work doing well here now. We that I forget to think of poor people. existence for twenty-five years, have over forty meetings now for Please help me to think about the poor and new buildings which were worship, and in a number of places people, and though I can do but little near at hand several people in each let me do anything I can for them. almost completed. But new and place are also acknowledging themold were all swept away in less selves as Christians. Under the aus- Please let them know God in than an hour. The 424 survivors pices of the township office and the Heaven, because when we know Thee were distributed among five oth- public school an agricultural conven- we can live most happily and lead a er leper institutions in various powerful life. parts of the country. At Aiseien, tion has been held here, and I have national leprosarium at Okay- been attending, and have had many Please give me power and bravery opportunities of speaking a word for in life. Please let me study faithfully ama, where the normal accom- the Church. every day. Please let me spend today in thankfulness. -Korean Echoes. This we ask in Christ's name.

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

PACIFIC ISLANDS Courage in Midst of Danger posts maintained by the church for more than a century. Important Gain in New Britain The Big Nambas tribe in the Scarcely a month before, dras- mountains of Malekula are ad- Only a few years ago Nakanai, mitted to be the most turbulent tic retrenchments by the Nation- New Britain, was 100% hea- cannibals remaining in the New al Council seemed inevitable. In then. Rev. A. E. Brown reports Hebrides. Apon, a native evan- desperation, Bishop James De that within ten years eleven vil- gelist, has volunteered to work Wolf Perry made a personal aplages have been occupied; many in this dangerous field. At a more have been visited, so that prayer meeting, before his de- peal to a small group of individ- ual Episcopalians of g rea t the Gospel is gradually penetrat- parture to his new sphere of la- wealth for five gifts of $20,000. ing the whole area. Mr. Brown bor, he prayed: "Man Big Nam- He not only secured his $100,000 writes of Australian Methodist bas they are fighting and shoot- but an additional gift of $30,000 ing each other, and we are some- from some one who wanted to work: times in danger. But we have build a hospital or a school in Jesus. We thank Thee for His China. In addition to the large There is an increase of fifteen mem- love. He stops with us and gives gifts there were smaller donabers in full, and nineteen on trial, . .tions totaling $70,000 raised by with two hundred and forty seekers; us His great work to do." individuals in a last-minute apand we now have teachers in 36 vil- peal. lages. We have five boys as candi- -The Christian. dates for George Brown College. NORTH AMERICA A Hand Written Bible Great keenness is displayed by the children of the new villages, the teach- Home-the Strategic Center Recently 300 business and er reporting that often when they are working in their garden children ap- There is widespread concern professional men finished writproach and request that they be taught there and then. In our new villages the first steps have been to teach the people the days of the week, for making and keeping Ameri- ing a 4,000 page copy of the Biand to encourage them to prepare food on Saturdays for Sundays. Often the can homes effective agencies in ble in Mansfield, Ohio. The task teacher will be in his house, or per- Christian training. The Presby- was started by the First Luhaps in his garden, when a group of terian Church has laid special theran Church. It was in con- men conversing together will send a emphasis on this during the nection with a Bible course. boy to the teacher to ask him when it will be Sunday again. year, and evidence of intense in- Each man was assigned sixteen terest from all parts of the coun- to eighteen pages of copying. Preaching is their subject for con- try is reaching the Board of versation throughout the week, and When the work was completed often reports of a sermon are carried Christian Education and the the pages were bound together to other villages for discussion. joint committee set up by the and made two volumes of six Conversion of Batak Chief General Council. Requests for inches thickness each. There are materials gIvmg suggestions not many such hand written Rev. Ragnar AIm, American about making the emphasis ef- Methodist missionary to Sumat- copies of the Scriptures in the ra, recently baptized a Batak fective in the local church have world. The scriveners declared poured in in such numbers that they had read and learned more chieftain who had been a bitter enemy to Christianity. After his it has been difficult to take care of the Scriptures than ever bebaptism the old chieftain told of them promptly. Many ser- fore. the large congregation of his long search for peace. As one mons are centering on the em- -Watchman-Examiner. phasis ; study and discussion of their most famous witchdoc- groups are under way, and spe- United Lutheran Policies tors, he had done everything to cial programs are being introplease the spirits, how he offered duced into a variety of situa- The Board of American Misto them on the high mountains, sions of the United Lutheran tions. Other denominations em- Church, recognizing the increasunder the holy trees and at the phasizing family religion this ingly important part which linsacred rivers, but the spirits had guistic groups are playing in the year are having a similar experigiven him no peace. He had. ence. development of American life fought the Christian religion and One Church Balances Budget both in the United States, plans its messengers when they first to subsidize religious publica- came to his village, and he tried Released unexpectedly from tions in foreign languages, espe- to keep his son from its influ- the most trying financial crisis cially those circulating among ence; but all in vain. Then he in its history, the National Coun- Hungarian, Slovak, Finnish, told them of the increasing in- cil of the Protestant Episcopal Spanish and Yiddish residents.

fluence of the living Christ in his Church announced February 14 The prime purpose is to afford own life, and how it was that he the balancing of an emergency the assistance of the Church to had come to realize that Christ, budget of $2,313,115 for the every effort made to counteract and Christ alone, could give the support of home and foreign the flood of godless, communistic peace he for years has been seek- missions in 1935. This result propaganda. The Lutheran ing. His changed countenance forestalls the expected recall of Church is more and more cen- showed that bitterness had given scores of missionaries and the tering all its home mission ac- place to good will. abandonment of mission out- tivities in the Board of Ameri-

can Missions. The Savannah partment of Prison Missions" 14. Fifteen thousand people Convention last fall took tenta- which is now three years old. filled the great Forum to capac- tive action on this, while the The program of the department ity and many were turned away.

New York and the Virginia Syn- is twofold, corrective and pre- A choir of 2,000 voices supplied ods have agreed to put to a test ventive. In the corrective field, the music, accompanied by the the plan's practicability by vol- the gospel is being carried be- Citadel band of the Salvation untarily turning over to the hind prison walls by means of Army.

Board their entire home mission religious services, Bible classes, The seven religious bodies co- activity for 1935. furnishing Bibles and individual operating in this campaign were Closer supervision of finances counseling; and also in this field the Baptist Church, the Church in every group applying for is the rehabilitation and adjust- of England, the Eastern Ortho- home mission funds will be put ment after release. In the pre- dox Churches, the Lutheran into effect. The Board will re- ventive field, the effort is being C h u r c h, the Presbyterian quire each group to submit a de- made to go before the schools Church, the Salvation Army and tailed statement of the pledges and churches of the state and the United Church of Canada. secured in the every-member- present to people their respon- Representatives of each of these visitation, and where the report sibility in the field of crime pre- groups took part in the service, is unfavorable, a trained worker vention. while hundreds of clergy were will be assigned to develop the This work is carried on in given seats on the platform. A group's understanding and prac- Minnesota only. Rev. Roy Olson, touch of color was lent to the tice of stewardship. Operating director, states in his annual re- scene by the black and gold robes upon an absolute "pay as we go" port, that he made 227 visits to of the Eastern Orthodox clergy.

basis, the Board allocated $500,- institutions, conducted 95 serv- The Bishop of Montreal deliv- 000 to about 700 missions in the ices, gave 464 personal inter- ered the principal address. United States and Canada. views, distributed hundreds of -The Living Church.

While the present policy is to- tracts, Bibles, and papers, had Children at Anvik ward strengthening existing 11 conferences with wardens, missions, plans for 1935 include and traveled 31,000 miles by car. Miss Dorothea McHenry, R.N., opening a large number of new -The Christian Century. points. of Christ C h u r c h Episcopal A Saul Becomes a Paul Mission, Anvik, Alaska, writes What One Girl Learned Louis H. Aronson, once a J ew- that she has furnished a room Here is another proof of the ish atheist, rea d Professor for six Indian boys of the misvalue of Vacation Bible Schools. James' "Varieties of Religious sion, ages 4 to 18, who have tu- At the conclusion of the D. V. Experience," with its many il- bercular hips, spine or lungs. B. S. in La Grange, Georgia, a lustrations of conversion and the Of this miniature hospital, Miss summer student worker asked new birth, and was much moved. the older children to write on Then he began to attend the McHenry is the whole staff, doc- "What the Bible School Has Pen i e I Presbyterian Mission tor, supervisor, student body, or- Meant to Me." From Christine Chicago, and there gave himself derly, maid, laundress, cook, Skelton, aged 15, he received the to Christ. He is now combating dish washer, seamstress, and chaplain.

At the time of Miss McHen- following: atheism among Jews of Chicago ry's writing the whole station was listening for the first air Bible school has meant quite a lot in parks and on street corners. mail to Anvik. When the work On a recent Sunday afternoon began there 40 years ago, there to me this year. I did not know very he debated with a leading commuch about the Bible when I started was scarcely one mail a year. LATIN AMERICA because I had never had the chance to munist in their own hall on the subject, "Resolved that the study it like I did these past weeks. Marxian Interpretation of the I also learned the seven essentials of Christian Worship and the seven kinds of prayer and what each meant. Origin and Purpose of Religion Missions Go On Prayer is one of the most important is False." Jews swarmed about phases of a person's life. If you can- the speakers after the meeting, Evangelical Christianity is not pray you should learn how. God asking questions, voicing objec- adjusting itself to the situation is behind every beautiful thing in the tions but withal keenly inter- in Mexico, and finding ways to world. God's works are the most beau- ested in the Christian faith. prove how useful a church can tiful things that you will ever see. If be. In some ways the work has you get out and study nature, and -Sunday School Times. been enlarged. A paster in one look at the beautiful side of things, of the well established churches it will help you to think of life more Montreal's Evangelism of the American Board Mission pleasantly and beautifully. Bible Campaign was forbidden to carryon servschool has taught me to look on the ices of worship in his church. best side of everything. A Service of Christian Wit- -Missionary Herald.

Prison Missions ness, opening a seven weeks' This proved to be a challenge to campaign of evangelism directed him and to his congregation; The Norwegian Lutheran by non-Roman Catholic churches they are using the church as a Church of America has a "De- of Montreal, was held January center of social service, thus

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

reaching people not influenced have contributed ten per cent of New Work at Ocano by it before. this to help relieve the pressure A little. over a year ago the To prepare pastors of other on American fellow-churchmen I c~urches for similar emergen- -The Living Church. Presbyterian Board assigned ~Ies, should they arise, a train- R~v. Thomas E. Barber and his mg conference on the social ap- Changes in Guatemala WIfe to ionpet hn eu pvawlleoyr ka mi noOn gcatnho~ proach was arranged in Guad- located alajara in the early winter. Within the last year or two mountains formed by the head Two of the most important the Roman Church has wakened waters of the Rio de Oro, a leadership training schools con- up to the likelihood that the branch of the Catatumba which ducted by the American Board country may grow Protestant, flows into TLhaekepopMulaartaicoaniboi~ Venezuela. still go on with the permission and now they are putting forth estimated at about 28,000. A of the authorities; lay leaders every effort to recapture lost group of fine towns lie around ~ho can minister to congrega- ground. At the first (1882) the qcana an~ a road connecting tions that have no ordained lead- missionary had to walk on the eIght or nme of these is being ~rs are being trained increas- street with a plain clothes police- conv~rted into a highway, thus mgly..The emphasis on religious man or two with him to guaran- formm~ a convenient circuit.

education and on the production tee safety. But within a few Reportmg their thyeeeaxrp'seriwenocrek~ Mr. Barber said of suitable Christian literature months after beginning that is being strengthened. necessity ceased and fanaticism had been the richest of their -Missionary Herald. kept growing less. missionary life. He described The Church in Haiti Of late the Liberals are begin- Ocana as a place which needs ning to recognize the necessity everything; one where most The Christian Church in Haiti of a closer alliance with the people have no conception of Evangelicals. It is a long call is a black church. Of its 15,698 from the plain clothes policeman what the Gospel is. m~mbers, over 15,000 have dark to one of the principal dailies s~~ns. In a republic of 2,500,000 . the other day publishing a good Scarcely two months after his cItizens, 90 % are black. Of its cut of the Central Church report was written, Mr. Barber (Evangelical) with its congretthweenBtiys-hfoopurancdleDrgey~noKnlryoltlw-aor-e- gation of 582 and the statement was brought to New York critwhite. Most of these black par- ~hat we are numerous and grow- mg, that it is the true Christian- ically ill, and died in the PresasoltnhsowugehreatrfaeiwnefdorinaHsahiotirtittsiemlf~ ity and a moralizing and spirhave been in America. There is itualizing force. byterian Hospital, February 4. ~n excellent ~heological college m Port au Prmce; it has a five- -Guatemala News. He had carried on evangelistic work for the Colombia Mission for 25 years.

Vacation Schools in Brazil year course, twelve months a New Hospital in Nicaragua "If anyone has doubts of the year. White supervision of this efficacy of church v a cat ion Church will probably be deeded A Moravian hospital was schools on the foreign field let opened at Bilwas Karma, Nicf?r another generation./ Par- aragua, in May last year. Grow- him come to Campo Bello M{nas tI~ularly interesting is .the dou- ing attendance at the clinic is BraZ'I1, " says Mrs. J. M."Sydenblmg of the member~hip in a seen in the following figures: May, 351; June, 278; July, 309; stricker. August, 584; September, 564; decade, among a peO'ple almost October, 800. Patients have "In 1932 we had five schools come from over seventy-five difstatic in numbers;' also to be ferent towns and villages, from and last December we put on stihx~ places 400 miles distant. The and not a missionary on noted is the increase in value of missionary in charge, after a trip over the district, reported church buildings,· from $13 000 that people are just beginning teaching force. All six schools to come, and that room must be to $105,750. In other words: ten provided for 125 patients daily. of the Campo Bello church years ago tJle churches were No figures are available for which has a membership of scarcely more than native bhuuiltsd~. the spiritual work, but each about 90, were in out-of-the-way !oday substantial concrete clinic and each operation is pref- and needy places. Three were tmifgusllhyavdeesbigeneneds,ucblsetaintu, teadd~qbueaatue- aced by prayer. The hospital is ~n the country on farms, one was 160 miles from Puerto Cabezas, m a near-by village six miles and permanent. from the railroad. The one in ~hFeon r the three years just opffaesrt~ our branch Sunday school had a general missionary matriculation of seventy. The ~ngs have decreased alarmingly sixth was in an unreached secms!lftfhereinh~ofmroemchaudrcehpreHssaioitniabnes~ tion of town and thereby hangs sId~ WhICh ours is as nothing, of a tale! An eight-year-old girl theIr penury have given more was so downcast because no school was to be held at the cent~an their quota to support mis- the source of most supplies. tral building that I asked her if SIOns other than their own. Fur- Drugs require from six to twelve she would not like to put on one thermore, native pastors, with weeks to arrive. herself. No sooner said than a salary of about $60 a month, -Moravian Missions. done! That same evening she

came with nineteen names that fruitful work among North total over 10,000. Financial she had secured on her street. Africa Moslem students in Paris. straits threaten to curtail this At once she took a 'short course' Though very difficult, the work work seriously. in programs and· direction, took is not in vain. Moroccans are -The Christian.

along enough materials and eager to buy tracts and Gospels. started her school. There was The method is to take up a posia daily average of fifteen pres- tion in a restaurant, or on a Protestant Disunity in ent, and the school ended with bench in the public square and Germany a final program and exposition read aloud to all who will stop Disunity in the ranks of the of handwork at which the proud to listen. Many a Kabyle stu- opposition Protestant clergy has dent has listened attentively, and helped Reich Bishop Mueller. parents were present." Some of the results are a new expressed deep interest. One According to the Ministry of the circle of the Woman's Auxiliary; Kabyle was brought to a confes- Interior's plans, Bishop Mueller a timid country woman has be- sion of faith by reading a tract, was to have been requested to come a capable leader, and her "Which of the Two, Christ or resign, but Herr Hitler discovhusband and three daughters Mohammed ?" ered the Confessional synods have become professed Chris- -The Life of Faith. were not united behind Bishop August Marahrens, who is head tians; Sunday school attendance Paris Tabernacle Church of the so – called temporary has grown remarkably. church government and sup- -Christian Observer. The Paris Tabernacle Church posedly its candidate for the post of Reich Bishop. Sturdy Christians in Bahia is undenominational, but coop- erates with other evangelical The financial administration From seven to 165 members movements. It is self-support- of Reich church affairs has been in ten years is the record of a ing. With only 300 members made entirely independent of Baptist church in Bahia, Brazil. Bishop Mueller by a decree From the parent hive another and none of them rich, it never- issued in the hope that dioceses church has swarmed off, which theless accepts responsibility carries on five Sunday schools. for spreading the Gospel in where the Reich Bishop is not recognized will nevertheless be Bahia is intensely Catholic, Paris, and even in the French willing to pay their quotas to a and when these people learned colonies, so that beside its own neutral finance commission. that the converted priest, Dr. support the church gives about Raphael Martins Gioia, was com- Catholic legal aid bureaus of ing to preach there, they went $10,000 a year to benevolent and Thuringian church workers' oron their knees for a week, ask- missionary purposes. It has six ganizations have been suping for a hall large enough to outstations around Paris and in pressed on ,the order of the accommodate the crowds they Brittany and a mission on the Thuringian Government.

knew would want to hear him. Ivory Coast, West Africa, with Their faith was honored, for the six white missionaries and three city turned over to them the largest auditorium in Bahia native evangelists. There is a Revival in Germany without further charge than the home for aged women and a cost of electric lighting. summer home for children. A Rev. Samuel Trexler, former religious boo k s hop is main- president of the United Lutheran As a result of these meetings tained. Synod of New York, after a two nearly three hundred persons months' tour of Germany and asked for instruction in the -Sunday School Times. Russia, predicts the ultimate things of Christ. Among the victory of the opponents of converts was a Carmelite monk. Christian Missionary Church, Bishop Mueller and his German The little church had to provide Belgium Christian movement. He says: him with a civilian's suit and a ticket to Rio de Janeiro, for fur- Two French-speaking churches "Everywhere one sees evither residence in Bahia would in Brussels of the Christian Mis- dence of an awakened churchhave meant certain death. The sionary Church of Belgium cele- in many cases a revival." In all visiting preacher, Dr. Gioia, had brated their centenary recently. churches he found overflowing to be accompanied constantly by The churches came into being as and eager congregations. He a bodyguard of evangelical a protest against the invasion of speaks particularly of an audichurch members. rationalism into the one Chris- ence of 10,000 people packed in tian community in Brussels at the Tennis hall in Berlin to hear -Sunday School Times. that time. Subsequently, a doc- Dr. Niemoller preach a simple trinal difference rent this church Gospel sermon, free from any. EUROPE and a secession followed. Stilr political allusion. "The most later both churches became part vivid picture that remains with For Moslems in Paris of the Christian Missionary me," says Dr. Trexler, "is the Church of Belgium. The or- noble army of martyrs and ganization today has 42 congre- Two young men of the North gations, 67 Sunday schools, 22 heroes of the faith who are ris- Africa Mission, Messrs. Warren ministers, and three evangelists. ing up in every part of the Rejch. and Hocart, are carrying on a Communicants and adherents They are men of apostolic mold,

1935] OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

and the result of their life and took them back to Poland. There out a man in the audience and asked prayer may bring a new refor- sixty-three were given Palestine him to pass the message on to the mation." -Christian Century. others present. When the leader fin- immigration certificates, the rest ished what he had to say, a round are presumably waiting for the table discussion followed.

Propose Union in Italy day when they, too, may realize In my travels on horseback with their hope. th~ .missio~aries I noted a very in- Methodist work in Italy has spIrmg thmg – the untiring and been carried on by two separate -Our Jewish Neighbors. never-failing efforts to proclaim British and American societies. Christ to passers-by, no matter where If plans for unions are approved AFRIOA or when we met them.

by British Methodists, the work Islamic Missionaries Medical care is sadly lacking. I located only one doctor in all the area visited. Several 'nurses and men of promises to gain in strength. The opposition to' Christian little medical experience are dotted American Methodists have of- here .and ~here among the villages, but fered to leave the field to the missionaries in Egypt last year nothmg IS done commensurate with British brethren. The essen- the need. Seemingly insurmountable tials of the proposed union are: has been followed by one unfore- difficulties are the daily portion, and seen result: defenders of Islam whenever Christ makes a victory in 1. That the Board of Foreign have seen that a live religion the soul of a man it seems the devil Missions transfer to the Mis- . must be a propagating one, and does his best to undo what has been sionary Society of the Methodist notwithstanding the fervor with done. Yet time and again the power Church the present work and of the. Cross has proved sufficient. most of the properties used for which they denounced Christian religious purposes, including the missionaries as intruders, Is- A Pigmy Ohief's Funeral Casa Materna Orphanage, near lamic missionaries are to be sent Naples. to China, Japan, Ethiopia and An extract from the diary of Miss M. Harman, "Heart of 2. That the International Col- South Africa. A training class Africa" missionary among the lege, on Monte Mario, Rome, be has been started in the Azhar pigmies: continued by the American University to prepare these for- Church. The pigmy chief was dead, his wife eign workers fo"r their task, was ill and I was sent for. It was hell The two churches are essen- which they describe as "going to let loose. The corpse with painted tially one in origin and faith. help their brothers in those face, hat on and handkerchief tied Their union will more than lands." A group of Chinese stu- over his mouth lay on a native bed on double the Methodist impact in the porch of a tiny hut. He died yes- Italy. -Christian Advocate. dents now in the university pre- terday and the odor was terrible, but sent an opportunity to train one woman sat hugging his knees, and another was fondling his hands and workers for China. A book is wailing over him. I could not talk to being compiled by Moslem lead- the sick woman for the noise outside.

All Ports Closed ers which is to be used as prop- aganda among English-speaking In the small space before the house A pathetic example of the people. Another committee has was a crowd of pigmies. Some womhomelessness of the Jews is re- undertaken to collect and study en sat in a circle clapping and singported from Poland. A company ing as one danced in the midst. Every- all Arabic publications which atof 318 Jewish young men and tack Islam in order to answer ob- one else was accusing, storming and women, seeking release from cursing. Three or four fights were grinding poverty and fired with jections and prepare young going on at once—a man and woman sheikhs with suitable weapons at each other's throats, two women hope of a bright future in Pales- for the defense of their religion. fighting like cats. Others were holdtine, ancient homeland of their The state radio is being used ing back a swearing woman literally people, embarked on a Greek dancing with rage, while another ship for the land of their dreams. continuously for Moslem preach- rolled over and over on the ground ing and the reading of the screaming. A leper woman worked But the admission of Jewish im- Koran. Once a week there is a herself backwards along the ground, migrants to Palestine is strictly radio talk by a man who calls shrieking, as she went, to throw herlimited. When they reached self upon the corpse. One man broke their haven all attempts to land himself "A Friend of Families." away and threatened to shoot poisoned -Blessed Be Egypt. arrows so there was more screaming were frustrated by shore patrols. and chaos, but one man thought things Turning about, the vessel then In Southern Ethiopia were too quiet and started to ring a set sail for Constantinople. wooden dog bell. There they had the same recep- Dr. R. W. Hockman, United tion. Next Salonika was tried, Presbyterian Missionary in Opening in Nigeria with the same results. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, made a three-weeks' journey into Ethi- In spite of many government The vessel cruised about for opia's southern provinces, and restrictions which are seriously nearly three months with its in the Woman's Missionary hampering Christian work in shipload of three hundred wan- Magazine briefly gives a few of French West Africa, the workdering Jews who were every- his impressions. ers are greatly encouraged. In one town, many of the Moslem where refused a place of refuge -a ghost ship that could find no The first thing which struck me teachers called upon the missionport where it could discharge its was the literal poverty in which the ary and listened very attentively human cargo. At last a Ru- missionaries are living, and yet like it. to the Gospel message. One of them openly admits: "While we manian ship was found which Another thing was the method of Sabbath worship. The leader picked

are in darkness, you have the discussed. Not many years in contributions from Australia, light." The responsiveness of afterwards Elat had the largest with the gradual reduction of the children in another place has Presbyterian congregation in the grants from England, is affectopened up the way for Gospel world. Although the group has ing the work seriously. Some of work in some of the compounds: been divided, Sunday morning the evangelists can only give new hymn books have been attendance at Elat often runs part-time service to churches and typed, and the first four chap- into the thousands. schools because they have to ters of the Acts of the Apostles There are now 94 mission- earn money to pay their poll tax. have been issued in temporary aries, and an African staff of But African leadership is being form. In Nigeria, special serv- 1,811. The work ranges all the developed, and men are showing ices have been held in the Girls' way from the most primitive, wisdom, tact and business abil- School at Wushishi which were among villagers to whom canni- ity, together with real faith and signally blessed. Paiko Chris- balism is still a live memory, to dependence on God as they take tians are keen to get the Gospel well-organized churches and over increasing responsibility. into the surrounding villages, schools under trained African Canon King, of the C. M. S., while new ground is being leadership. Becoming a church writes from Berega: broken at Lalibella, the "Mecca" member in the West Africa Mis- Early in the year the bishop apof the Coptic Church in Ethiopia. sion is not simply a matter of pealed for workers to go to the far belief and readiness to learn. west of Tanganyika to a place called There are t wei v e churches, No one is admitted for two years Dha, where new work is being started. nearly all cut out of red rock in after declaring a wish to join Although we have no difficulty in get- ting people to offer for work in the the mountain sides. Every ef- the Church. During that period his past life is scrutinized, and district, it is quite a different matter fort is being made to replace the anything wrong is set in order. to get them to go to a strange place fear of missionary "invaders" His behavior during the period hundreds of miles away. However, by a feeling of confidence and the appeal was made, and sixteen men, love. -The Life of Faith. teachers and others, offered. Of these, is subject to observation by the the Church council chose four, who were thought to be most suitable for "The Twelve" session. Where wives constitute the work. At a special farewell meet- wealth, polygamous marriages ing each recruit told how he had been An anonymous donor sent a led to offer for this service. It was fund to supply twelve new teach- are usually the most serious an inspiration to listen to their testiers for one year for the Basa problems. The wives must be mony, and afterwards more offers of 4istrict, northern Nigeria. It respectably cared for, and their Service were received. Four men are was felt that it would not be wise dowries repaid. The wonder is preparing for ordination. to open twelve new stations, which might have to be closed at not that an occasional would-be -The Christian. the end of the year, but that it Christian fails of acceptance, but would be better to ask for twelve that so many succeed, with all WESTERN ASIA the drags that pull them back. Turkish Women's Rights young unmarried men to volunteer as itinerant evangelists, go- In Portuguese Congo Letters from Istanbul record ing by twos throughout an al- In 1899 a mission was founded further reforms. One of the lotted area. Several young men at Kibokolo among a virile peo- most recent is the law which who were preparing to marry, pIe whose opposition made them grants to Turkish women the . ht t .. came forward and said they a stubborn soil in which to sow rIg 0 partICIpate in elections were willing to postpone their the Gospel seed. After twenty and to be eligible for parliament. marriage for a year. years the results were so meager Next session, therefore, about 30 women are to be deputies in the "The twelve," as they are that some suggested the aban- t t' I called, have been working since donment of the enterprise. But gKMrueurasutlatfnaaay,lOKanesamiatalssiseAmntbaoltwyii,rkocarllhtehades. May. Every month they meet the pioneer missionaries held on and recount the story of their and were abundantly rewarded. undertaken to put women on a labors; and so far their efforts At present, there are 1,734 f t· f I have been crowned with success. church members; a Christian 00 mg 0 equa ity with men. -C. M. S. Outlook. community of 5,000; 39 organ- Jerusalem Medical Center The Work at Elat ize? congregations; 38 evan- The Jewish E x ami n e r an- West Africa Presbyterian Mis- gehst-teachers supported by the nounces that ground has Jbeereu~ sion is a League of Nations in 2C4h,9u0rc0h;dI. s2p,e1n2s2arys.chatotla~nrsd,ancaensd. broken on Mount Scopus, itself. It was a German colony until the World War, then under salem, for the first medical cen- Much of the area.Is stIll u!lpos- _ ter and graduate school of medi- sessed. -Ltfe of Fatth. cine in Palestine. A nation-wide '

French mandate. Just over the Leadership in Tanganyika campaign is in progress in this border is Spanish Guinea, where country to raise $400,000 for the Spanish is added to the many Financial stringency is acute construction of the institution, African tribal tongues. At one in Tanganyika. The Church can which will be called the Hadastime conditions were so discour- only partially support itself at sah University Hospital, under ,aging that closing the work was present, and the serious decrease exiled German Jewish scientists.

Missionary

Books Briefly Reviewed for the Readers' Information A Christian Manifesto. By Edwin The Omi Brotherhood in Nippon. By pia, it is not a transcendental William Merrell Vories, LL.D. $1.00 colony, or a monastic retreat, Lewis. 245 pages. $2.00. The postpaid. The Omi-Hachiman Press, but a practical demonstration of Omi-H.achiman, Japan. Christianized economics working Abingdon Press. New York. 1934. in the world of today. All the This brief history of the "Omi property, gradually acquired, be- This discussion can be read Mission," founded in 1905, is a longs to all in common." In a straightforward narrative of the group of over 200, there is no with interest and profit even by remarkable experience of one of "minimum wage," and no divi- those consecrated American stu- dends are paid. "Duties are asthose who do not agree with all dents who responded to Japa- signed according to capacity and nese Government's c a II for aptitude. Of all the features of of its positions and implications. teachers. In the out of the way the Brotherhood which command province of Omi, where no mis- admiration from visitors, none It constitutes a serious summons sionary had ever resided, Wil- is oftener remarked than the liam Vories sowed the good seed personnel-the high quality of to the Church to proclaim with- of the Gospel with such effect, ability and character and the that by the middle of his third happy faces. Offers of higher out fear or compromise the es- year there was· a Church in pay never lure any of them away." sential features of its historic Hachiman, housed in a building seating over 100 persons, and (2) All are equal, whatever faith. There seems to be, how- for this work not a dollar of their work. There is one com- "foreign" money had been used. mon treasury for the entire ever, a needless yielding to the The history of that Church af- group, into which go all net earn- fords an effective negation of the ings, and from which come ap- "modern mind" as to the nature philosophy outlined in the Lay- propriations for the necessities men's Inquiry Report. For the of every department and of of Scripture and in the treat- propaganda work of this mission every individual. Every depart- is "carried on by means of ment has a budget, and each inment of c e r t a i n important preaching, as well as by demon- dividual a salary which is sup- stration…. It is truly a lay- posed to cover normal needs-all truths, yet it is the earnest con- men's movement, in the main." to be expended, not hoarded for Starting with the seed of the future expansion, or for "a rainy tention of the authQr that there Gospel, uncompromisingly pro- day." Each salary is determined claimed, the plant has developed by the actual needs of the indiis nothing in modern investiga- in many-sided manifestations, vidual case. The humblest work- architectural, industrial, com- er may get more than a mantion or discovery to make unten- mercial, medical, educational, ager. publicational, but upon all these able "the essential Christian several departments, is the hall- (3) All "see first the King- mark of a burning Christian dom of God." The articles of in- Creed." This creed is regarded evangelism. corporation state, that "at least 51 per cent of the net incomes as a precious heritage from the Perhaps the most unique fea- shall be devoted to Christian ture of this remarkable Brother- work," thus leaving freedom to past. Its corner stone is declared hood is its complete, consistent use the entire income that way, application of the principles of since no profits are divided to be the resurrection of that Christian stewardship, through among officers and stockholders. its entire program. Indeed, it Consequently everyone is work- Christ whom the Gospels pre- would be difficult to find a finer ing to support Christian activi- instance of "taking God into the ties, with the joy of doing useful sent as the incarnate God. The management," than is here to be work, not for the motive of per- found: sonal profit or personal prestige. supernatural cannot be avoided (1) Work for all, and all at or denied without destroying the work. "Although a sort of Uto- Christian faith, for "Christian- [207 ] ity mea n s supernaturalism."

While there may be some uncer- tainty as to definitions or the meaning of terms, the essence of the "Manifesto" is contained ap- parently in the closing chapter.

Here it is maintained that if the Church is to perform its su- premely important task, it must affirm positively what are re- garded as the great essentials of the Christian E van gel.

Among those mentioned are, the reality of a personal God. the authority of the divine Word, the fact of sin as "not merely a defect of human conduct but as a disease of human nature," the absolute necessity of a new birth, the atonement on the cross and "the Gospel as God's pro- vision for the salvation of the whole world." E.

Thus, the whole enterprise be- erate haste of the great redemp- varying degrees of success. The comes a demonstration of Chris- tive purpose of God among a present volume is a notable one tianity, rather than a mere in- . great people. of this kind. The "student" whose "philosophy of religion" come-producer. The elimination Many readers will be sur- is described is not a youth but of the profit motive annuls the prised to discover traces of the the professor of philosophy in economists' theory, that only the Scriptures in China before Mor- Dartmouth College. He has writhope of personal gain can induce rison and Marshman, in the rec- ten out of long experience in human beings to exert them- ords of the Nestorians, the trav- dealing with students, helping selves in productive labor. The eling friars of the Middle Ages, them solve their intellectual and Omi Brotherhood has never and the Roman Catholic mission- moral problems and trying to found it difficult to enlist men .aries of the 17th and 18th cen- convince them of the reasonableof the highest abilities in its turies. In the main stream of ness and value of religious faith. various departments-rather be- the history of translations, the He says that "the purpose of cause of, than in spite of the ab- work of Morrison and Marsh- this book is to furnish college sence of the profit motive. The man, the Delegates Version, the undergraduates and general secret lies in the far greater great Union Versions and others, readers with the necessary data satisfaction there is in promot- are treated with the swiftness – facts and arguments – on ing Christ's plans than in seek- the small compass of the book which they will be able to work ing personal advantage–the at- requires and yet including out their own philosophy of relititude of being God's steward, enough depiction of events and gion." In these studies he rerather than assuming to be an characters to illuminate the views the whole range of reliowner. Thus, every individual as scene. One wishes for more gious thought from its lowest well as every business becomes about the translations among the forms among the aborigines of an instrument of God. Australia, the ethnic and non- dialects and the tribes-though Christian faiths, and the various To brush this lightly aside as Tibetan, Manchu, and Mongolian types of Christianity. He exvisiopary and impracticable, is are given a more liberal space. presses some opinions that many to fly in the face of demonstrat- Four chapters of the nineteen conservatives will deem too libed fact, the fact of this great deal with the work of the col- eral and some liberals will think going and growing concern, car- porteurs and distribution and too conservative. A bibliography ried on for thirty years, in the some of the influences of the at the end of each chapter refers face of stubborn opposition, Bible on character. It is here to standard works on the subamid surroundings the most ad- that much is left untold-the ject. Copious notes add necesverse. The record of such an en- history of publication, the trav- sary explanations, and subheads terprise carried forward to a els of pioneer distributors, the and a full index make the rich triumphant achievement by "a methods used, and above all the store of material available for brother of Jesus Christ," cannot part played by Chinese them- reference. fail to thrill the hearts of all true selves in every phase of the hismembers of this world-wide tory. One feels that brevity, ARTHUR J. BROWN. brotherhood who read this book. however necessary, should not DAVID MCCONAUGHY. have forced out this essential Men and Women of Far Horizons. Edited by Jesse R. Wilson. 8vo. The Bible in China. By Marshall element in the story to so large 214 pp. $1.00. Friendship Press. New York. 1935. Broomhall. 190 pp. $1.00. Illus- a degree. Mr. Broomhall has by trated. China Inland Mission: Lon- It was a happy thought that don, Philadelphia, Toronto. these historical sketches of the led the general secretary of the Bible in China done well by Student Volunteer Movement to The pen of Marshall Broom- those readers who must have it assemble in this book some of hall has served the missionary short and soon; others who may the best articles on foreign misenterprise skillfully for many wish to go deeper and further sions that have appeared during years, especially in m a kin g will be hoping that this book the last ten years in the Bulletin known the work and the heroes will stimulate fuller treatment. of the Movement, later called of the China Inland Mission. In Far Horizons. They do not argue "The Bible in China" he deals ERIC M. NORTH. or reply to criticisms; they simply tell what missionaries are with a great theme in a manner A Student's Philosophy of Religion. doing, cite incidents and experito arouse popular interest and to By William Kelley Wright. 8vo. ences based on personal, first- hand knowledge of missionaries reveal how much more there is 566 pp. $3.00. Macmillan. New and prominent national Chrisyet to be said upon it. Behind York. 1935; tians in their respective fields. These articles make an excellent his vivid pen picture of the One of the major duties of book to give to that much-talkedstruggles and achievements of Christians in each generation is of person-the man who "doesn't believe in foreign missions." pioneers, of translators, of col- the wise interpretation of reliporteurs, and missionaries in gion to thoughtful young people. ARTHUR J. BROWN.

making the Book of books speak It is a peculiarly difficult task in the tongue of scores of tribes this day when so many tradi- and millions of people, one senses tional beliefs are being chal- the movement of a force more lenged and restated. Many writthan epoch-making-the delib- ers have attempted it wit h

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By B. A. M. Schapiro. Bible House, New York. 60 cents. HURLBUT'S STORY OF THE BIBLE B),.JESSE LYMAN HURLBUT. D.O. This is the first part of a series Recommended by all denomlnatlonsforltsfreshness and accuracy. forl18 simplicity of language. for 1t8 freedom from doctrinal discussion. of word studies in the Old Testament which will be welcomed by THE BEST GIFT FOR YOUNG AND OLD every student of the ancient Scriptures. Mr. Schapiro, out of FOR TEACHERS-STUDENTS-FOR THE HOME AND SCHOOL his rich store of Hebrew lore, is One hundred and sixty-eightstories. each complete in Itself. yetformable to make familiar words glow ing a ~ntIDuous narrative of the Biblefrom Genesis to Revelation. Each ofthe world-old stories is told by the noted author in a manner with fresh and unexpected mean- that is vitally interesting and instructive to young and old alike. ings. One who can help us to draw living waters from the Biggest and Best lUustrated Book Ever Sold for the Prlee perennial springs makes us his Beautifully illustrated with 281 pictures in colors and in black and white; over 100 famous Leinweber paintings. 759 pages. PrIce..$2.00 debtor indeed. The suggestive- At all book-toree or Iro", the publiehere . .__ THE JOHN C. WINSTON CO., Winston Bldg., Philadelphia _ _• ness of this first number awakens anticipations of further unfoldings of hidden meanings in THE IDEAL GIFT AT ALL TIMES subsequent issues. J. S. 0.

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TWENTY-FIVE YEARS

THE MOSLEM WORLD SAMUEL M. ZWEMER, Editor A PROPOSED INDEX IT IS proposed to prepare an exhaustive index to the twenty-five volumes of THE MOSLEM WORLD if there is a demand on the part of our subscribers for it. Hith- erto each annual volume has had an index, but there has been call for an inclusive index to the important articles, book reviews, and current topics in all the earlier volumes. A general inde>c would greatly facilitate the study of all contributions made regarding Islam in various countries, the approach to the Moslem mind, or the beliefs and practices of Islam.

Will those of our subscribers who would be willing to purchase such an index at the dose of the year kindly send a post card request? If there is a sufficient demand we will be able to print the index and mail it with the October issue of 1935. It is pro- posed to charge the nomine'll sum of four shillings or one dollar, for the complete index to the twenty-five volumes. EDITOR.

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The Missionary Review of the World — March 1935

MARCH,1935

Two Young Missionary Martyrs Editorial Why I Am Returning to China Beatrice Scott Stevenson Tshekedi……Chief of the Bamangwato A. M. Chirgwin Christianity and the World Today Herbert H. Farmer Twelve Years of the Turkish Republic J. Kingsley Birge Fifty Years of Cooperation in Chosen c. A. Clark 25 Cents a Copy $2.50 a Year

Weigle to study all grades

WINONA LAKE SCHOOL OF THEOLOGY training schools, Bible Schools and WINONA LAKE, INDIANA methods of training voluntary work- ers. -;- ;~ * Evangelical Scholarly Interdenominational Bishop Herbert Welch of Shanghai Courses Almost a score of stutes (besides foreign coun- was one of foul' Methodists to whom English Bible, (J eremiah), Biblical tries) and an equal number of denominations were awarded gold medals by the re- Archffiology, Christian Ethil's, Mod- represented each year, ern Cults, Christian Evidences, cent General Conference of the Korean Hymnology, Biblical Messianism, AdrninistraUol! .' Dr. W. E. BiedlTwolf, Presi- Church. Greek New Testament, Barthian- dent; Dr. J. A. HulTman, Dean. ism, *** Faculty.' Dr. .1. A. Huffman, J )1'. tiamucl ,1. Two Ue'mesters oj 15 days each.. Zwemer, Dr. Harold Paul Sloan. Dr. Leslie Ray The Rt. Rev. Dr. M. T. M. Hard- July 9 to August 11, Work lead- ~Iurstoll, Prof. RoIlin Pease. j )1'. Howard T. ing, Bishop of Qu'Appelle, has been ing to regular Theological Degrees, Kuist, Prof. Mable McQueen Weir. For 11Tin'isfersJ Teachers, JUs8ion- elected Archbishop of the diocese of aries and Laymen, Send for l~-page Pl'osvectu:-; at once to Rupert's Land, and Metropolitan of DR. J. A. HUFFMAN, Dean the province of Rupert's Land. He Marion, Indiana succeeds the late Archbishop Stringer who died October 31.

Dates to Remember Personal Items *** March 1·2-Christian Youth Confer- Dr. John R. Mott, and Mrs. Mott, Rev. Frank P. Parkin, D.D., Secre- ence of Pacific Northwest, Interde- sailed from San Francisco on Febru- nominational, Seattle, Washington. ary 22d to spend a month in Japan tary of the Atlantic Agency of the and Korea, a month in China, and a March B-World Day of Prayer. shorter time in the Philippines. They Pennsylvania Bible Society, has re- expect to be back in America June 5th. signed after 17 years of active service. March B·lO-Youth Conference under The object of this trip is to further the Auspices of the Greater New service of the International Mission- ;~ * * York Federation of Churches, River- ary Council by conferences with the side Church, New York. various National Christian Councils. Dr. Charles E. Maddry, Executive May 2·5 – Young Men's Missionary * * :;:- Secretary of the Foreign Mission Congress under the auspices of the Laymen's Missionary Movement, Dr. Ivan Lee Holt, newly-elected Board of the Southern Baptist Con- Chicago. President of the Fedel'al Council of vention, and Mrs. Maddry, with Dr. Churches, has sailed for China to fill J. B. Weatherspoon, of the Southern May 2l-23-National Council of Fed- a three-weeks' visiting pastorate in erated Church Women. Annual the Community Church of Shanghai. Baptist Theological Seminary of Meeting. Rochester, N. Y. He expects also to visit Australia, and Louisville, Ky., are spending seven Japan. May 26-Rural Life Sunday. months in the Orient to make a de- *** If you use tailed study of Southern Baptist work Dr. Robert P. Wilder, recently sec- in Japan and China. Dr. and Mrs. PRINTING l'etary of the Near East Christian Council, has sailed for England to Maddry plan to return to the United YOU will profit from an ac- spend some months among the British States in July in time to be at Ridge- quaintanceship with us. We University students, holding meetings crest, N. C., for Foreign Mission do the job complete in our own under the auspices of the "Inter-Var- plant, whether it be large or sity Fellowship." Week, August 11-1R. small. * * :i;. * oj; While our specialty is Books, Maga;zines and Pamphlets, yet David R. Porter, who has been act- Archdeacon Briggs of Ugogo, Tan- we have a variety of modern ing-headmaster of Mount Hermon equipment to meet all the re- School, Mount Hermon, Mass" since ganyika, has received the "Order of quirements of your particular the tragic death of Headmaster Elliott the British Empire" award. He has job. You will find our service Speer last September, has been elected prompt, careful and courteous. Headmaster. He was born in Old been working in East Africa for the Town, Maine, in 1882. After gradu- Church Missionary Society for more Will you allow us to estimate ating at Bowdoin he was a Rhodes on your next printing? We be- Scholar at Oxford. Since then he has than forty years. lieve you will be delighted with worked among students as a Y. M. our product, price and service. C. A. secretary. He is the author of * ~; The Church in the Unive1'sities. The EVANGELICAL PRESS Dr. G. O. Teichmann, a Baptist *** missionary and senior doctor of the Printers of Chandraghona Hospital, Bengal, has Dr. Frank C. Laubach, an American The Missionary Review of the World Board missionary in the Philippines, received the Kaiser-i-Hind Gold Med- is returning to America this summer PLANT AND MAIN OFFICE on furlough by way of India, Egypt, al. Third and Reily Streets Harrisburg, Po. Syria, Turkey, Spain and Portugal. He is spending three or four months *' in India studying the situation and attempting to help adapt his teaching Dr. A. J. Hunter, who is doing vali- method to the Indian languages. ant work as a medical missionary *** among the homesteaders in the pioneer Dr. Luther A. Weigle, of Yale, has settlements of Manitoba, has been gone to China for six months of in- tensive service in connection with the awarded the M. B. E. medal by King World S. S. Association. The National George V. Committee for Christian Religious Education in China is anxious to have *** made a study of the problems of train- ing for church leaders and has asked Dr. H. J. H. Cox, of the Church Missionary Society, who has charge of the Peshawar, hospital, Northwest Frontier, has received the Kaiser-i- Hind Gold Medal. Mrs. Starr (now Mrs. Underhill) was matron of this hospital when she rescued Miss Mollie Ellis from Afghan brigands. The great grandfather of Dr. Cox was the first white missionary to preach in Bangalore, India.

* * ;(.

Rev. A. C. Pelly, has recently re- turned to England from India where he has been principal of St. Andrew's College, Gorakhpur, since 1916. He has received the Kaiser-i-Hind Gold Medal. * :j: 'i: Dr. Dandeson C. Crowther, Arch- deacon of the Niger Diocese, has re- ceived the "Order of the British Em- (Concluded on page 97.)

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REVIEW OF THE WORLD need which is not being met by- any other printed page in America. May DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Editor it continue for many years."

VOL. LVIII MAR., 1935 No.3 AMELIA D. KEMP, Executive Secretary, Women's Publication and Business Office– Third and Reily Sts., Harrisburg, Pa. Missionary Society, United Lutheran Church. Editorial and Executive Office– 156 Fifth Avenue, New York City. *** Entered as second-class matter at Plans are being made for the spe- Post Office, Harrisburg, Pa., under cial mission study topic numbers of Act of March 3, 1879. THE REVIEW for the coming year (1935-36) . The Home Mission topic 25 cents a copy-$2.50 a year. will be "Winning America for Christ" Foreign Postage, 50 cents a year. -to appear in June. The Foreign Published monthly, except August. Mission topic is "The Gospel in Latin All rights reserved. Copyrighted 1935. America"-to appear in October. British agents – Marshall, Morgan and Scott, 12 Paternoster Buildings, DO NOT MISS THEM. London, E. C. 1 shilling per copy, 10 shillings a year. *** MISSIONARY REVIEW PUB- Our good friend, Dr. Frederick G. LISHING CO., INC. Coan, formerly of Persia, writes as follows to correct a slight misstate- BOARD OF DIRECTORS ment in the story of the Life of Dr. ROBERT E. SPEER, President Sa'eed Khan which appeared in our WM. I. CHAMBERLAIN, Vice-President January issue. Dr. Coan says: ,VALTER McDOUGALL, Treasurer DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Secretary "I have known Dr. Sa'eed for many SAMUEL MCCREA CAVERT years . . . When he went to Hamadan MRS. ORRIN R. JUDD he was never obliged to work as a stable boy. This is the most menial WM. B. LIPPHAIW position a man can take … Mr. J. W. Hawkes, of the Persia Mission, had a ERIC M. NORmI great deal to do with Dr. Sa'eed after JESSE R. WILSON he reached Hamadan . . . He is the greatest Kurd in history and a very A. L. W AlL'ISHUIS great power for God in Persia today." SAMUEL M. ZWEMER Editorial Chat The annual meeting of THE REVIEW Personal Items SPEEDWAY TO ORIENT was held on F<:!bruary 15th at 156 Fifth Avenue, New York, at 3 p. m. (Concluded from second cover.) YOKOHAMA IN 10 DAYS •. . fastest, shortest Pacific crossing .•. by the Dr. Robert E. Speer presided and pire." He is an African, son of the sister-ships Empress of Asia or there were present a number of first native Anglican Bishop in Afri- Empress of Russia. Or via Honofriends of the REVIEW, including a ca. Although past 90 years of age, he lulu in 3 days more on the Empress quorum of the Directors and Stock- is still an active and enthusiastic holders (in' person or by proxy). The worker. The honorary degree of D.D. of I apan (largest, fastest liner on Treasurer presented his annual re- was conferred on him by the Archport for the year 1934 showing the bishop of Canterbury (Dr. Davidson) the Pacific) or the Empress of operating income $5.00 in excess of fifteen years ago. Canada. expenses, which have been reduced to ~EDUCED ROUND·TRIP FARES … luxa minimum. The Secretary presented *** urious First Class, excellent Tourhis report, revealing some problems ist Class. Also, 10w-costThirdClass. and encouragements met in editing Cannon Pyfrom, Curate in charge FREQUENT SAILINGS ••• from Vanthe REVIEW. An inspiring annual ad- of St. Paul's Church, Bahamas, a na- couver (trains to ship-side) and dress on some world conditions was tive missionary to his own people, has Victoria. Orient fares include pasdelivered by the President; sugges- received the M. B. E. award. sage to and from Seattle. California tions and messages of cheer were sailings connect witlr "Empresses" brought bv Mr. D. J. Fant of the *** at Honolulu. Orient ports-oE-calI: Evangelical Press, Mrs. Charles F. Yokohama, Kobe, Nagasaki, Shang- Wray of Rochester, Dr. Arthur J. Frances Hatton Eva Hasell, Hon- hai, Hong Kong, Manila. Brown, Dr. Courtenay H. Fenn and orary Organizer of Caravan Work in • Also • •• low-cost World Tours. Wm. M. Danner. Miss J. H. Righter Western Canada, was awarded the BOO K LETS, information ••• from presented the report of the Nominat- M. B. E. in ·the .King of England's YOUR OWN AGENT, or any Canaing Committee and the directors were New Year Honours List. A story of dian Pacific office: New York, Chiunanimously re-elected for the ensu- courage and adventure lies behind this cago, San Francisco, and 34 other ing year. Mr. Jesse R. Wilson, Sec- award. Miss Hasell, after doing Sun- cities in tlre United States and retary of the Student Volunteer Move- day School work in England for a Canada. ment was elected a Director in place time, decided to start the Sunday of Dr. Milton Stauffer, resigned. Miss School habit in the remoter parts of Constance Brandon, American Secre- Western Canada. Fifteen years ago tary of "The World Dominion Move- she bought a motor caravan and spent ment," led in the closing prayer. a summer with another woman, trav- eling among the isolated communities. *** Wherever she found children without religious privileges, she held a Sunday Among the recent encouraging School class, and then she persuaded words from readers of THE REVIEW someone in the community to carryon are the following: the work, left books for their guid- ance, and went on to the next place. "I save the REVIEWS for a year to Wherever she went she also enrolled use in our programs and find it one new members of the "Sunday School of the most valuable sources of infor- by Post Movement." mation we have." Now Miss Hasell has 17 caravans, MRS. DANIEL E. MILLER. and each is "manned" by two women Fargo, N. D. (a chauffeur and a teacher). When the road is too bad for driving, they walk or borrow a horse from a farmer.

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courtesy of OMna's Millions. Copyrighted by Keystone Views

HELEN PRISCILLA STAM – "THE MIRACLE BABY" ELIZABETH SCOTT STAM AND JOHN C. STAM, who were killed by Communists in Southern Anhwei, December 8, The three months' old daughter of Mr. and Mrs. John C. Starn was left for 30 hours In an abandoned Chinese house, until 1934. Photograph taken at the time of their marriage, found by Mr. Lo and taken to Wuhu. October 25, 1933.

Copyrighted by tlw Keystone Views 00. HELEN PRISCILLA STAM, CARRIED IN A BASKET FROM. MIAOSHEO TO SHAN CHENG Mr. Lo, a Chinese Christian, with his wife and child, and a Chinese coolie who carried the orphaned baby about 100 miles from Miao- sheo to Wuhu. They traveled on foot for the first 75 miles, and the remainder by railway train. From left to right those in the picture are: Mr. Lo, the Christian colporteur; Charlotte Haia; the coolie, who carried the baskets; Mrs. La; Rev. George Birch, of the C. I. M., and Dr. Robert E. Brown, of the Mission Hospital, Wuhu. Helen Priscilla and Mrs. Lo's four-year-old Chinese baby occupy the two rice baskets. REVIB ORLD VOLUME LVIII AN INTERDENOMINATIONAL REVIEW OF WORLD-WIDE CHRISTIAN PROGRESS NUMBER THREE MARCH,1935 Topics of the Times HOME MISSIONS NOT OUT OF DATE or by a division of territory; to the evangelization of those who have never yet had any adequate op- It requires no argument to prove that the peo- portunity to know Christ and the power of His pIe of the United States owe many and great bless- Gospel- these include many unevangelized Inings to the home mission enterprise which has dians, some Eskimos, the Jews, Mormons and been carried on for three centuries by devoted Orientals; the underprivileged in the Southern Christians. It was they who, as the early settlers, mountains and in other impoverished areas. won the friendship of suspicious and hostile Indians and led many of them to Christ. They The home mission problems before the Church helped to build up and maintain the morale of the today have to do with the evangelization of the pioneers as they pushed into the interior; they godless rich and the unchurched masses in our were instrumental in establishing the schools and cities and rural districts; the more adequate colleges for the training of the youth; they helped Christian training of youth; the rescue of multito make the laws of the land; they established and tudes of boy and girl tramps and the migrant kept alive churches and Sunday schools for re- workers of America; the reaching of criminal ligious instruction, for the worship of God and classes; the more effective presentation of Christ service to man; they welcomed and helped to to atheists, agnostics, and materialists who are assimilate the newcomers from Europe and Asia seeking to destroy Christian institutions and and Mexico. They have been leaders in promoting ideals. The Christ of the New Testament must righteousness and the spirit of brotherhood; they be lifted up in such a way as to draw those who have done an incalculable service in giving the have been following ignorantly a false and caricaolder, more wealthy and established churches tured Christ, or none at all. There is still need an inspiring, unselfish and Christlike objective to evangelize and revivify some of the churches through the home mission enterprise. by the Spirit of God, not by organized human effort. Perhaps the largest and most difficult But with the development of the country the problem before the Church is how to bring indusopportunities and the problems of the work have trial and political activities, social and domestic changed. Today there are not the same vast pio- life, education and the press, under the sway of neering projects in unchurched territory; there Christ and in harmony with His ideals-that is a is not the great need for new independent educa- task that calls for the union of human service tional institutions; multitudes of new and unas- under Divine leadership and power. similated Americans are not now flocking to our shores. But there are still challenging problems But there are in America many reasons for enthat face us today in the task of giving everyone couragement. The signs of God's working are not in America an opportunity to learn of Christ and lacking though our knowledge of them is limited. to apply His teachings to every phase of life. Some Many thousands of churches from coast to coast of these problems and a few of the cheering en- stand true to Christ and are being widely used in couragements were presented in our February winning men and in training and enlisting them number by home mission executives. Other prob- in His service. Most of the Protestant denominalems will occur to many. These relate to the tions report an increase over last year. In every strengthening of existing churches rather than to city Gospel missions, street meetings, prison, home their multiplication; to the elimination of rivalry and hospital visitors-unknown to the world but and duplication by church union and cooperation, known to God-are sacrificially and effectively carrying on the work of Christ. In the midst of [99 ]

the flood of pernicious literature, of indecent films the anti-religious atmosphere of Soviet Russia. and plays, of objectionable radio programs, there Arthur von der Thur, in the Allgemeine Evanare thousands of uplifting, spiritual books and gelisches (Lutheran) Kirchenzeitung reports that radio Gospel messages. The Bible is still by far there is an abating of the denial of God and an the best seller and the Pocket Testament League increase in belief in a Supreme Being. These reand School Bag Gospel League are leading many ports are not based on hearsay of visitors to Russia thousands to accept Christ and read the Bible for but on the statements found in atheistic Russian spiritual light and strength. papers. Several leading anti-religious periodicals have suspended publication for lack of support. It is encouraging that reports of evil deeds are The Bezbozhnik shows evidence of lack of support still regarded as news. Unheralded good deeds, and acknowledges that atheism is not having a normal Christian home life and spiritual activity clear field. in the churches often pass unnoticed because they are not news. There is ample encouragement to The local committee of the Communist party of faith and victory is assured but there are enough the city of Gorky (formerly known as Nizhni Novserious problems to engage all the powers of mind, gorod) and of Molokoff, calls the attention to the body and spirit of the Christian forces in America. necessity of strengthening their anti-religious We must advance on our knees with the realiza- work, not only in the region about Gorky, but in tion that the solution of home mission and other all lands and free states of the U. S. S. R. "The problems depends not on man but on God who success of the first Five Year Plan and the fact condescends to work through man. that the U. S. S. R. has entered the period of an attained socialization, tempts many comrades to RELIGION NOT DEAD IN RUSSIA believe that the anti-religious propaganda has be- come a matter of the third rank. That is a false Christmas was celebrated by large crowds of idea, which in practice leads to an underestimate worshippers in Russia last year, according to a of the fight against religion and to a discharge of correspondent of the New York Times. There is anti-religious propaganda, i. e. to a weakening of plenty of evidence that religion is not dead and the fight against Kulaks and sectarians." will never die in Russia. Some forms of religion may die and the State and individuals may be As to the positive growth of religion, this is without signs of spiritual life. Religion is the noticeable both in the evangelical sects and in the cultivation of a relationship between man and the old Orthodox Church. Christian colporteurs are power of the unseen world, and may be expressed carrying religious literature and their activity in many forms-good and evil. It may be based makes it possible for pastoral letters to reach such either on fancy or on reality. Mankind as a whole of the population as are not in touch with is apparently incurably religious, as history has churches. In many instances priests succeed in beshown. Persecution cannot stifHe religion though coming members of the communistic Kolkhozes materialism may suppress its expression. But and preach and teach within them. Beside the there are so many mysterious phenomena in the anti-religious Kolkhozes there are pure Christian world that men are constantly seeking an explana- collectives. The missionary activity which has tion in the realm of the superhuman. been begun in many places bids fair to become very effective. If religion cannot be annihilated in Russia much less can Christian faith and life be exterminated. Not only do the elders abide by the Christian It may be banned by the State but Christ cannot faith but the younger generation shows a desire be uprooted from hearts where He has already to deny the atheistic views of the leaders. While formed a home. We have His word for that and the Orthodox Church has lost much of its former His Church is immortal. Even the simple unen- influence, the Protestant sects, especially the Baplightened form of Christianity found among the tists and Adventists, are finding a favorable soil. Russian peasants has too much vitality to be They start schools for the illiterate and sewing stamped out by Soviet laws and persecution. courses, they attend to the education of the After seventeen years of communist domination younger generation and enter in where governthe masses of the people refuse to reject what they ment efforts fail. They have started a large numhave learned of Christ as the revelation of God ber of private village schools which are Chrisand His Way of Life. tian and maintain themselves in spite of persecu- tion by tlfe authorities. But there are also thousands of evangelical Christians in Russia whose spiritual life may be The true Church of Christ may· and will pass hidden as in the days of the Maccabees and in the through times of persecution. These will not Dark Ages, but it will not be uprooted. The light destroy but only purify it as a flail separates the may shine in obscurity without being extin- wheat from the chaff. Christians in Russia are guished. Already there are signs of change in suffering and where faith is burning brightly they are experiencing the· way of the Cross-as

TOPICS OF THE TIMES

many can testify. Christians in other lands can life that most deeply interest even serious minded help them with their sympathy and their prayers, folk are revealed by a questionnaire recently sent keeping their own lamps burning and their ma- out by the National Economics League. The an- terial and spiritual resources ready to help when swers show that by far the largest number of opportunity o:ffers. voters are most interested in politics, taxes, mone- tary policies and administration measures; next THE KINGDOM OF GOD AND MONEY in order come how to combat organized crime, the administration of justice, international affairs, Figures have been published that should cause world peace and national defense, economic and industrial problems (including unemployment). Americans to stop and think and seek to change Then follow problems of transportation, public utilities and the conservation and use of national the trend of the times. In 1927-during years of resources; housing, mortgage relief, public health and education. Religion and philanthropy as such unprecedented prosperity – $680,000,000 w ere have no place in this list of subjects most occupy- ing public attention. May not this be the cause spent by the United States Government to prepare of our distress and the reason why the incomes of practically all religious and philanthropic agencies for war with our neighbors, while $833,000,000 have fallen off even more rapidly and extensively than private incomes? Jesus Christ, who knows was used in religious and philanthropic activity. mankind and the laws of the universe, has given us the solution of the problem when He said: In 1933, when depression had gained almost a strangle hold, we increased the amount spent di- rectly on the Army, Navy and air force to $788,- 000,000 (an increase of $100,000,000 or 15%), ro ). while benevolences had shrunk to $550,000,000 (a decrease of nearly $300,000,000 or 60 In the thirty-three years between 1900 and 1933 the Fed- eral Government expenses increased from half a "Seek ye first the Kingdom (the recognition of the billion dollars to five billion a year, or $13,700,000 sovereignty) of God and His righteousness and all a day. War and Navy expenses increased from these things (necessary for our material welfare) about $400,000,000 to over two billion a year-a will be added unto you." fivefold increase; while all gifts to benevolences were not even doubled. The population of the ENCOURAGEMENTS IN THE WEST INDIES country increased fifty per cent in the same pe- riod. Do not Christians need to rededicate to God Mission work in the West Indies has reached a and His service themselves and their possessions stage where the outstanding things to a casual ob- -of which they are only trustees? The need for server may seem commonplace. The national Christian benevolence at home and abroad was leadership is settling down to a more serious never greater. Many wish they had given away understanding of the needs of their own countries.

what they have lost in the past five years! In the unsettled political conditions in Cuba and But the United States is still the richest country under the strain of the present financial depres- in the world-in assets, in average income, in com- sion, the national church has set itself not to be forts and in the average scale of living. Govern- moved by these conditions and to contribute in ment officials now talk in billions of dollars now every possible way toward the stabilization of life.

where they used to ask millions for public appro- Recently a two-day meeting was held in Havana priations. Americans talk poverty and over of the representatives of all evangelical denomina- twenty-five million people are dependent on the tions doing work in Cuba. These men from all Government payrolls—.:either as employees, pen- parts of the island formed a union that seems to sioners or recipients of the dole. Taxes are being mean far more than an organic union. They increased to pay these growing expenses-and the definitely committed themselves to preaching the end is not yet. In the meantime pastors, mission- Gospel of Christ throughout Cuba. This seems to aries and other Christian workers as well as teach- bespeak a new day in the Evangelical cause for ers and other professional workers, trades people, that republic. The national leadership in the clerks and most employees in industry see their Protestant Church is convinced that the only solu- incomes decrease, while taxes and expenses in- tion to the fundamental problems of Cuba is found crease-and there is, humanly speaking, no relief in the Gospel of Christ.

in sight. Consequently gifts to church work, mis- Another encouraging development has been an sions and other benevolences decrease and the organization of Christian students in the Univer- work of God-meaning the work He wishes done sity of Havana. A group of boys has rented a for underprivileged men and women-suffers. house and established a Protestant center. They But there is no lack of money in America, if we are without funds and the accommodations very can judge by the amount spent on amusements, humble, but it is their own and a friend intends theatre, sports, cosmetics, tobacco, strong drink, to help them as much as possible because they are pleasure automobiles, and fiction. The phases of willing to undergo privation for the sake of hold-

ing together those who have similar high ideals on national "Crime Institute" was proposed-a sort faith and daily life. These things are significant of "West Point" training school-where Federal and back in many of the churches from which agents can study the best methods of dealing with these students oome there is reflected a new seri- crime and law-breakers, and where criminal rec- ousness about the development of their work. ords will be available to all.

The days of prosperity are not always the best Third: more strict Federal regulations are days for the Church. needed to govern the sale, possession and use of While there are many reasons for encourage- firearms. Attorney-general Cum min g s also ment in Puerto Rico, unemployment, inadequate called attention to the evil effects of narcotics and schools and general living conditions all help to alcoholic drink, the abuse of parole, the evils of create for the Church an atmosphere that is ex- lax law enforcement and the weakness of present ceedingly difficult. There is, however, consider- forms of criminal procedure. "The whole move- able activity along evangelical lines. For example ment against crime has been too sporadic and in- the Presbyterian mission has been carrying on a effective."

program of tent evangelism in villages which the What have the churches to do with this probgeneral public neve.r visits. After six weeks of lem and how can Christians help in crime preservices the whole town and country round about vention, in law observance, and in the reclamation seem to want to come into the church. Such in- of criminals? stances are duplicated in all the surrounding country. 1. Our whole educational system must recognize Representatives of various mission boards hav- the importance of moral and religious education.

ing work in Puerto Rico are now holding a joint The subject should be wisely emphasized in text- conference on the island to study conditions and books and on the platform; only teachers of high to propose ways for closer cooperation and more moral character and influence should be employed effective work in evangelism, the development of to train youth.

self-support, improvement of the Uniqn Seminary, 2. The Church must unite with all forces ·for the literature program, women's work, and sec- moral betterment to undertake more seriously the ular and religious education. E. A. ODELL. reformation or elimination of extra curricula edu- cational factors – such as the unwholesome mo- THE CURE FOR CRIME AND CRIMINALS tion pictures, demoralizing tabloid press and other pernicious literature. Prof. Thorstan Sellin, of the University of Penn- 3. Must we not give more attention to the moral sylvania, recently stated that there were 1,300,000 major crimes committed in the United States in and religious training of parents – to persuade the year 1933. Only one in four of the perpetra- adults to set a good example to youth-in the obtors of these crimes were ever brought to justice! servance of traffic and other laws, in the adoption of higher moral standards, in abstinence from in- The crime situation has evidently become so toxicants, in discountenancing all forms of gamserious in the United States that Federal and State bling and by the adoption of higher ideals in all Governments, as well as municipalities, are study- forms of amusements. ing ways in which to combat the trend and to make it more dangerous and less profitable to murder, 4. There is also need to return to the Christian steal and betray a trust. The cost of crime in ideals of marriage and the home; to emphasize lives lost, in money, jewels and other property the responsibility of parents for the training of dishonestly acquired, and for law enforcement and children, teaching them the arts of peace rather dealing with criminals, has mounted to an alarm- than glorifying war, and instilling ideals of truth, ing extent. purity and unselfish service.

Recently the Attorney-general of the United 5. The Church and State, working together, can States called together some six hundred Federal, do much more to redeem criminals, to clear slums, State and local officials for a conference in Wash- providing proper housing facilities, and improvington. They finally proposed to state legislatures ing public health and recreation, with better soa program with the following suggestions for combating crime and dealing with criminals. cial and economic conditions. 6. The Church must herself be purified and strengthened to make her more attractive, educa- First: a number of recommendations were tional and influential, both to young and old.. The made looking toward improvements in court pro- real solution of the crime, and of all other moral cedure so as to speed up the course of justice and problems, is after all the regeneration of the indi- to make trials by jury less cumbersome and more vidual. This can only be accomplished through satisfactory. the Spirit of God but Christians are responsible Second: suggestions were made for better co- for proving that Christ does save and give power operation between State and Federal officers. A to overcome evil with good.

Young Martyrs in

The Testimony of Mr. and Mrs. John Stam Who Witnessed to Christ by Their Death at the Hands of Chinese Communists EDITORIAL T HE story of John and Elizabeth Starn is one Mr. Lo, a pastor of the China Inland Mission, was taken of heroic Christian faith and inspiring cour- captive by the communists on their arrival in Miaosheo, age. At the threshold of their missionary but was released when they learned that he had only arservice for Christ in China, these two young mis- rived the day before. He fled to the mountains with most of the townspeople when he learned that two foreigners sionaries were put to death by communists on De- had been killed. He came back to investigate and see if cember 8 about one hundred miles south of Wuhu, he could be of any help. This was a dangerous thing to do. Anwhei. The only reason for the murder seems to He learned that the baby was still alive. The people were have been resentment against all foreigners be- afraid to give information, but finally an old lady pointed cause their governments are siding with the Chi- in the direction of a certain house, where he heard the infant crying and found it after traversing many court- nese against communist activity. The tragic story yards and rooms. It had been left alone without food or care for over twenty-four hours. He took the child out is briefly told by Robert E. Brown, M.D., a mis- and found a Chinese mother who volunteered to nurse the sionary of the Methodist Episcopal Church and baby. He then went to look for the bodies of Mr. and superintendent of the Wuhu General Hospital, Mrs. Starn and found them still lying exposed except for where the Starn baby was born last September. a few handfuls of grass which had been laid over them.

Wuhu is about eighty miles from Tsingteh, the As all local officials had fled to the mountains, Pastor Lo mountain mission station of the China Inland Mis- offered to take charge. sion, where Mr. and Mrs. Starn and their baby were located. Dr. Brown's account, taken from The Chinese pastor found that Mrs. Starn had made pro- vision for the little one to the best of her ability, hoping eyewitnesses, is as follows: * that someone would save it. A ten-dollar bill was found wrapped in a piece of paper among clean napkins between On December 6, 1934, the communists made a surprise the baby's blankets. On the table was an empty tin of attack and entered the town of Tsingteh.. After looting powdered milk, a little sugar, and some crackers. The the place they carried off the Starn family and a number pastor then gathered his own family together and started of Chinese. Early the next day they marched rapidly on a forty miles' journey to Kinhsien, the nearest large fifty li to Miaosheo, and the Starns were left at the post city toward Wuhu. office while the town was being taken. The postmaster offered them fruit and tea and Mr. Starn took advantage Chinese mothers were found ready to nurse the baby of the moment to write a letter which he left with the as they walked the forty miles and so no doubt saved the postmaster. Someone asked Mr. Starn where they were child's life. They arrived in Wuhu, Friday, December 14, being taken and he replied, "Weare going to Heaven." the baby having been in the sole care of Chinese friends for nearly a week. When seen by the members of the The next morning they were led through the streets, and mission hospital staff, the baby was in perfect health and the people of the town who had not fled to the mountains smiled from her little crib, all unconscious of the tragedy were called to witness the execution of the foreigners. It in her life.

is reported that they walked with an appearance of un- A later word from Dr. Charles E. Scott says: shaken courage and calm assurance, probably conscious: of Another walking with them. At·the head of the main "When the Reds forced the people of Miao Sheo street on a hill the communist officer addressed the crowd, to witness the murder of Betty and John, the explaining that the foreigners were hurting China by help- Christian Chinese knelt and pleaded for the lives ing Chiang Kai-shek and the Nanking Government, as of their beloved friends. As a result they were demonstrated by using the people's money to build new themselves led away to torture and death. Even roads throughout the country; therefore they should be non-Christians knelt and pleaded in vain." killed. When they ordered Mr. Starn to kneel down for the knife a number of people, including some non-Chris- The Associated Press has published a dispatch, tians, were daring enough to speak in behalf of the Amer- as from Rev. W. J. Hanna, of the China Inland ican mIssIOnaries. They were rewarded by kicks and Mission, who brought the child from Wuhu to curses. One Christian Chinese fell on his knees before Tsinan to her grandparents, Dr. and Mrs. Scott: the executioner and begged for their lives, finally asking, if they would not spare both, at least to save Mrs. After the execution of Mr. and Mrs. Starn the com- Starn. For his persistence he was accused of being one munist captors were on the point of killing the child to avoid the trouble of taking care of her, but a man who of them and was bound and taken away. We have since had only just been released from the village prison by heard that he was killed. Such Christian courage and Communists, pleaded for the infant's life. loyalty deserves the highest praise. Mr. Starn addressed the crowd. What he said is not known, but it was prob- "Who are you?" a Communist officer asked. "Why do ably a Christian testimony. While he was speaking he you intercede for the baby?" was killed and his wife was then executed. The prisoner replied that he had no connection with "these foreigners," but begged that the baby's life be • Account taken from The Chri••tian Advocate, January 31, 1934. spared and volunteered to forfeit his own life to save the [ 103]

child. He was killed on the spot but the baby was saved. John and Elizabeth Starn were members of the This account was amply authenticated by Chinese wit- China Inland Mi~sion and for academic training, nesses who said that the martyr "gained great heavenly favor" by his act. strength of character and Christlike spirit were among the most promising and attractive mission- This baby girl, Helen Priscilla Starn, was born aries that ever went to China. John Starn was at Wuhu on September 11 just three months be- the son of Rev. Peter Starn, of Paterson, New fore her parents' death. Alinost on the same day Jersey, and was a graduate of Moody Bible Insti- on which the press dispatches reported the cruel tute, Chicago. "Betty" (Elizabeth Alden Scott) tragedy, a letter was received in the New York was born in China and was a graduate of Wilson office of the REVIEW, containing a two-years' sub- College, Chambersburg, Pennsylvania. She was a scription for Mr. and Mrs. Starn. It was sent by gifted and beautiful girl. Her life motto was in- Dr. Charles E. Scott, of Tsinan, Betty Starn's fa- scribed on her photograph: "For to me to live is ther, who wrote at the same time, telling of the Christ and to die is gain" (Philippians 1: 21). In marriage of another daughter, Beatrice, to Dr. the farewell meeting in Philadelphia, before she Theodore Dwight Stevenson, of Princeton, and sailed for China, her last words were: "Whether their sailing for mission work in South China. living or dying, I am the Lord's." Her testimony, , – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – , composed when she made her decision to be a missionary, is as follows: And shall I fear That there is anything That men hold dear Thou wouldst deprive me of, And nothing give in place? That is not so, For I can see Thy face; I hear Thee now: "My child, I died for thee; And, if the gift Of love and life you took from Me, Shall lone precious thing Withhold to all eternity- . One beautiful and bright, One pure and precious thing, withhold- It cannot be."

John Starn, in his farewell message be- fore leaving America for China in 1932, said: God in His infinite grace sometimes virtually pushes us into His way for us, if we are unready to learn in other ways that His will is always good and acceptable and perfect. So He did with me.

I thank God for Christian parents, a Chris- tian grammar school, and a pastor who taught the Word book by book and verse by verse. I thank Him for bringing me to Himself under deep conviction of sin. As a self-righteous young man I needed to see myself as a sinner hope- lessly lost and on his way to an awful hell be- fore I could at all realize my need of the Saviour.

I should have gone right out into active Chris- tian testimony, but to my shame I must write that fear kept me from boldly witnessing for Christ. God in His mercy shook me out of such a condition through a challenge given by my own father. One summer when I asked why our -group hadn't started street work, he 'replied, "Well, why don't you go ahead?" It staggered me-but I went ahead. I had to. God blessed those first half-hearted efforts, ridding me of the fear that old school friends might see me and smile, and filling my heart with joy and bless- By courtesy of "China's Millions," Philadelphin.; photo by John C. Stam. ing in the work. In a few years I found my am- A SCENE J'US'I OUTSIDE ONE OF THE GATES OF TSINGTEH, ANHWEI, bitions to make a success of myself in the busi- THE CITY FROM WHICH MR. AND MRS. J. C. STAM WERE TAKEN TO ness world beg•mnm• g to lose ground, and dl.S- MEET THEIR MARTYRDOM AT THE HANDS OF THE OOMMUNISTS

TWO YOUNG MARTYRS IN CHINA

covered to my own surprise that my chief interest had What could be more glorious? The manner in which they shifted to the work of the Lord. were sent out of this world was a shock to us all, but At the Moody Bible Institute and in its student mis- whatever of suffering they may have endured is now past, sionary activity I was brought face to face with my own and they are both infinitely blessed with the joys of responsibility to heathen millions. The Lord laid China Heaven.

upon my heart, and slowly the conviction deepened that I, It was our desire that he, John, as well as we, should for one, would have no valid reason to give my Lord if I serve the Lord, and if that could be better done by death did not go where the need was so great. God's Word it- than by life, we would have it so. The sacrifice may seem self, prayer, and a study of conditions in China, and my great now, but no sacrifice is too great to make for Him own circumstances soon left no room for doubt that the who gave Himself for us. Lord was assuredly leading. A great volume of prayer was going up for their release It is blessed to know for the future even when we are from their communist captors. We need not feel that these fearful of failing Him, that "He will not suffer his faith- prayers were unanswered. Betty and John were released. fulness to fail." We need your prayers. Pray for us. They were released from the pain and toil of life, and One of the last letters from John Starn to the brought into the presence of the Saviour whom they loved China Inland Mission in Shanghai on December so dearly. 6, shows the caliber of the man and his faith. Weare earnestly praying that it will all be for God's glory and for the salvation of souls. How glad we shall be My wife, baby and myself are today in the hands of if through this dreadful experience many shall be won to communists in the city of Tsingteh. Their demand is the Lord Jesus. How glad we shall be if many dear Chris- twenty thousand dollars for our release. tian young people are inspired to give themselves to the All our possessions and stores are in their hands, but Lord as never before, in a life of sacrifice and service. we praise God for peace in our hearts and a meal tonight. We were honored by having sons and daughters minister God grant you wisdom in what you do, and us fortitude, for our Lord among the heathen, but we are more signally courage, and peace of heart. He is able–and a wonderful honored that two of them have received the martyr's crown.

Friend in such a time. Dr. and Mrs. Charles E. Scott, who have been Things happened so quickly this A. M. They were in the city just a few hours after the ever-persistent rumors missionaries of the Presbyterian Church in China really became alarming, so that we could not prepare to for nearly thirty years, write that Romans 8: 28 leave in time. We were just too late. expresses their abiding conviction. Their only The Lord bless and guide you; and as for us, may God be glorified, whether by life or by death. desire is that the "will of God may be done on In Him, JOHN C. STAM. earth as in Heaven." Dr. Scott has sent us a ,poem which was a favorite of both Betty and The last letter, written in Miaosheo, was given John. It was written by E. H. Hamilton, a misto the postmaster with the request that it be sent sionary and a friend of the Scotts and was inon. Mr. Starn said to the postmaster, "I have no money to pay the postage, but please send this spired by the fact that when bandits asked the Presbyterian missionary, J. W. Vinson, if he were for me." As the mail leaves only once in five afraid, he replied : "No; if you shoot, I go straight days, the postmaster gave the letter to Mr. Lo to to Heaven." His decapitated body was found post at Kinghsien. When he and his wife and later and the incident was told by a little Chinese child set off with the baby for Kinghsien, they girl who was present. took with them the letter which is as follows: Afraid? Of what?

MIAOSHEO, ANHWEI, To feel the spirit's glad release?

December 7, 1934. To pass from pain to perfect peace, CHINA INLAND MISSION. The strife and strain of life to cease?

DEAR BRETHREN: Afraid-of that?

Weare in the hands of the communists here, being Afraid? Of what? Afraid to see the Saviour's face, taken from Tsingteh when they passed through yesterday. To hear His welcome, and to trace The glory gleam from wounds of grace? I tried to persuade them to let my wife and baby go back Afraid-of that? from Tsingteh with a letter to you, but they wouldn't let Afraid? Of what? her, and so we both made the trip to Miaosheo today, my A flash-a crash-a pierced heart; Darkness-light-O Heaven's art! wife traveling part of the way on a horse. A wound of His a counterpart!

They want $20,000 before they will free us, which we Afraid-of that?

have told them we are sure will not be paid. Famine Re- Afraid? Of what? To do by death what life could notlief money, and our personal money and effects are all in Baptize with blood a stony plot, Till souls shall blossom from the spot? their hands. Afraid-of that? God give you wisdom in what to do, and give us grace "Here is a good tonic for timorous Christians; and fortitude. He is able. something to hearten the saints; a challenge to Yours in Him, (Signed) JOHN C. STAM.

The parents of the martyred couple show a like faith and fortitude. The Rev. Peter Starn, of the Door of Hope Mission, Paterson, New Jersey, writes: Our dear children have gone to be with the Lord. They loved Him, they served Him, and now they are with Him.

us to put more spiritual vim into the blood," says With thousands of missionaries living in isolated and Dr. Scott. defenseless stations throughout the whole of China the Betty Scott went out to China, before her mar- problem of ransom is of the greatest importance. If the brigands found that the missionary societies were willing riage, in 1931, and John Starn followed a year to redeem their workers for money, the capture of mislater. They were married in the home of the sionaries would immediately become a lucrative employ- bride's parents in North China and were appointed ment. No one would be safe. The perils of the missionary to the town of Tsingteh, a pioneer mountain sta- community would be immeasurably increased, and the scale tion, where they planned to begin their work of of captures would very soon make ransom impossible. The love and mercy. ransom of a few would imperil many hundreds. There is no deliverance along that road. The only wise way is to A letter (dated January 2, 1935) from the act in such a manner as to cause the brigands to learn that it is not a profitable business for them to take cap- Rev. Howard Van Dyck, of the Christian and tive those who are among them as friends, and not as rep- Missionary Alliance Mission in Wuhu, throws resentatives of wealthy corporations. What may appear some light on the character of Mr. Starn and the hard is in truth the greatest kindness, and some missiontragedy that closed his earthly career. aries, even when in captivity, have asked that no personal We have just returned from a sacred spot which, in sympathy for them should cause their friends to take the days to come, may well be visited by many a Christian false step of payment with worse consequences to follow. pilgrim. It lies at the foot of Wuhu's highest hill, con- In principle all missionary societies are agreed in this trasting sharply with the bare brown slopes, a little matter.

square of living green, a grove of trees and shrubs that The Moody Bible Institute Monthly calls attenmutely testify of tender care. It is the Wuhu Foreign tion to the fact that from the first year of the Cemetery. There today, under leaden skies and in a Christian Church the story of the faithful witness drizzling rain, a solemn group of Chinese and foreigners, gathered around an open double grave and reverently and of disciples of Christ is like a manuscript illumlovingly committed to this quiet resting place the bodies inated with sacred blood. "During the first three of China's latest missionary martys, John Stam and his centuries it is reported that at least 1,000,000 folwife, Elizabeth Alden Stam. lowers of Jesus Christ suffered death at the hands of persecutors. In the forests of pagan Europe, The murder of the Stams reveals dark depths of human depravity. Committed by one of Kiangsi's red armies so loudly praised by foreign admirers of Chinese communism, in India or China, and before the onrush of fanat. this crime is its own commentary upon the nature of that ical Moslem hordes, countless thousands died movement. Led by youths known to possess moder~ rather than deny their Lord. And the story of education, it warns against the fatal folly of filling un- modern missions is another chapter in relentless regenerate wine-skins with the strong wine of economic experimentation. The whole incident demonstrates that persecution. To mark the martyrdoms of only the greatest need of 20th century humanity is the un- the past century on a map of the missionary world changed power of the first century Gospel. with crosses of red would present a picture of startling significance. Not one mission field has That transforming power, a Christian fortitude worthy of Nero's arena, and a remarkable series of divine provi- dences are the high lights standing out against this dark been occupied without the price of the Cross. background. But the blood of the martyrs has ever been the seed of the Church. When the world courts and The roll of martyred missionaries in the China flatters the Church she becomes effeminate and Inland Mission now numbers seventy-four, be- spineless; but the fires of persecution purify and sides thirty missionary children. To this list must produce strength, fidelity and courage. Will the be added the names of hundreds of native Chris- youth of the Church in the homeland feel the thrill tians who have sealed their testimony with their of an hour like this, when challenge and call ring life's blood. so clearly from that ripened harvest field in In regard to the ransoming of captured missionaries, China's Millions says: "The demand for ransom by the captors of Mr. and Mrs. Starn China 1"

did not reach the Mission's headquarters in Shang- The martyrdom of th~se two young missionhai until after their death. The communists who still hold Mr. Bosshardt and Mr. Hayman in cap- aries has created a profound impression in many tivity have demanded an exorbitant ransom in lands. Not only have a multitude of expressions military supplies or in money from the Chinese of sympathy come to the bereaved families and government. In view of the widespread interest to the Mission, and many have offered to adopt in these cases and of a possible misunderstanding Helen Starn, but a number of volunteers have ofof the whole question of paying ransom, some ex- fered to go out to China to take the place of the planation of the position taken by the Mission, martyred missionaries. These offers have come and indeed by the missionary body in general, we not only from the United States but from England cannot do better than to quote part of an editorial and Shanghai. God is able to make this witness note in the December issue of the British edition of His servants, sealed with their blood, abound of China's Millions. to the glory of Christ and blessing to the Chinese.

I Am Returning to

By BEATRICE E. SCOTT STEVENSON, Canton, China A Presbyterian Missionary Mrs. Stevenson, a graduate of Wilson College and of Biblical Seminary, New York, is the daughter of Dr. and Mrs.

Charles Ernest Scott of the American Presbyterian Mission at Tsinan, Shantung Province. She was married last year to Dr. Theodore Dwight Stevenson, a physician, the son of Dr. J. Ross Stevenson, of Princeton Seminary. They will be settled in Canton. Mrs. Stevenson wrote this paper (which is reprinted from The Presbyterian) while she was a student at Biblical Seminary, New York, and before she had become engaged to marry Dr. Stevenson. Her sister, Eliza- beth, and her husband, John Starn, missionaries of the China Inland Mission, were recently murdered by communistic bandits in Anhwei Province. Mrs. Stevenson's article reveals the true missionary call-not merely a philanthropic impulse to serve others. Dr. Charles Scott writes: "It seems as if this article by Beatrice were written under the clear guidance of the Holy Spirit, not only in the general argument but in the very choice of words. There was no thought of the publicity it has gained or the wide usefulness. It has been owned and honored of the Lord-the only article Beatrice has written for publication outside of college magazines. She decided to return to China to lead edu- cated Chinese girls to Christ, and this was in the face of alluring offers to work in America." EDITOR.

PEOPLE have always expected me, as the self wanted more than anything else in life, I saw daughter of missionaries in China, to return then that God expected a good deal more from me there some day-but that is not why I am than a mere complacent endorsement of Chrisplanning to be a foreign missionary. I was born tianity. He wanted a hunger in my heart that in China, and learned from childhood to love the would respond to His will for my life; He wanted East, with its antique culture, its picturesqueness, a personal consciousness of Christ and a burning its calm, happy-go-lucky people – but that is not love for Him which would motivate all my living why I am hoping to return. My own home is over and make me long to "be about my Father's busithere, and the two people I love most in the world ness." And He awakened both in me, by letting -but even that is not what ultimately draws me. me see the selfish, conceited person that was my- For it takes something stronger than home-ties or self, and then showing me by contrast, how altothe spirit of adventure or a sense of duty to make gether lovely is Jesus Christ, and how much better a missionary and keep her on the field. I would qualified than I to run my life. The whole experinever dare set myself up, even as an embryonic ence was a beautiful outreaching of God to me one, if something had not revolutionized my whole that I never deserved and certainly never soliclife first, and given me my first true call to mis- ited-too proud and too blind to see how lonely and groping and dissatisfied I was without Him. sion work. St. Augustine has told my whole story for me, This was a personal experience of the presence of a living Christ in my own life. It came to me, more clearly and beautifully than I could ever quite undesired, shortly after I had reached Amer- hope to do, when he wrote: ica for my college education. I believe I was a Christian before then, but certainly a very nom- And behold Thou wert within, and I abroad; and there inal one, sliding through life on my parents' re- I searched for Thee; . . . Thou wert with me, but I was ligion rather than living in intimate friendship not with Thee. Things held me far from Thee, which, with a .personal Saviour I knew. Yet the experi- unless they were in Thee, were not at all. Thou didst call, ence was not one of my seeking, for there was and shout, and didst burst my deafness. Thou didst flash nothing in the world I thought I needed less. I and shine and didst scatter my blindness. Thou didst was a Christian; I came from a Christian home; breathe odours and I drew in my breath and panted for I had had religious training at home and at school Thee. I tasted, and I hunger and thirst. Thou didst all my life. What more could God ask or want of touch me, and I burned for Thy peace (Confessions 10: me? His answer came, too forcefully to be 27). ignored, in a small Gospel mission in the heart of Chicago. I had gone, chiefly out of curiosity, to My Second Reason In the light of this new experience of Christ, I was able, for the first time, to apply to myself Christ's commandment, "Go ye into all the world."

see how drunken bums "got religion." Suddenly I am willing, of course, to go anywhere He wants I realized that they had what I had never really me to go (if He will only show me the way had, what God wanted me to have, and what I my- clearly); but, naturally, my thoughts swing back [107 ]

with renewed interest to China, my beloved "na- background and knowledge of conditions, if I did tive land," where I have personal acquaintance not cooperate with Him in His great plan for the with the language and the need. That first-hand world, to the best of my ability. knowledge of conditions constitutes, I believe, my second big reason for returning to the foreign Finally, there is a third reason why I am refield. As I look back now at poor, superstitious, turning to the foreign field, and that is-I want war-torn China, I realize that she is not getting something really worthwhile to live for. Like what Christ died to bring her-in spite of what most young people, I want to invest this one life "broad-minded" churchmen today may say. I can of mine as wisely as possible, in the place that see, in the eye of memory, picture after picture yields richest profits to the world and to me. This that was impressed on me as a child walking about may be in China, or in India or Africa, or the with my nurse – a woman weeping loudly at a squalid slums in New York. But, wherever it is, I small grave, without comfort because of the black- want it to be God's choice for me and not my own. ness of death around her child; unwanted girl- There must be no self-interest at all, or I do not babies eaten by dogs on the village commons; a believe God can reveal His will clearly. Certainly procession of idols, with their sightless eyes, car- Paul never saw his vision of the man from Maceried out to view the dry, parched fields; walls donia by looking in his own mirror. I know very and high doorways and crooked alleys, to hinder well that I can never realize the richest, most the ever-present evil spirits in their progress; satisfying life Christ meant for me, if I am not war, disease, hate, fear. China, like so many giving my own life unselfishly for others. Christ countries of the world, is "an infant crying in the said: "He that would find his life shall lose it," dark, with no language but a cry." There is only and He proved the truth of this divine paradox at one solution and that is the Gospel of Christ, Calvary. I want Him to lead, and His Spirit to which (for some strange reason I cannot yet fill me. Then, and only then, will I feel that my fathom), God has left to us – you and me – to life is justifying its existence, and that I am realspread. I would certainly be a quitter, given my izing the maturity in Him that Christ meant for all men, in all parts of the world.

/, THE FIRE OF GOD* A Poem by ELISABETH A. SCOTT, Recently Martyred in Central China Depth And height, All was night. From the mystic holds Of the starry worlds Issued forth the pure white flame Which was called "The Light" by name; And, God being good, the black deep fled From the white fire glowing red-white, red. And the flames grew vast, unfed by fuel above; For the Lord blew gently upon them the breath of love; Till the prophets known to God, whom the Holy One did inspire, Distinguished the form of the Son of God in the flames of fire. Oh, the tongues of the lapping flames about him were scarlet and hard and hot; , But the Son of man with the eyes of God loved the world and faltered not. And the flames of wrath by the will of God have curled themselves into a heap of a cross, Wheref the hate of myself for the love of God was pinning that Figure – Oh, terrible loss To the .will of men! to the pride of men! to lust and conceit, as my sin and the cross are seen! Now the world is cold; but the hearts of men who received the Fire have been burning warm and clean. And, see! on the fringes of earth and heaven, how the flame is a golden wave of tongues that ripples and runs; From the sea of crystal mingled with fire – golden, purple, scarlet, and white – that enfolds the suns.

• Reprinted from The Moody Bible Institute Monthly.

Chief of the

By the REV. A. M. CHIRGWIN, M.A., London, England General Secretary of the London Missionary Society TSHEKEDI'S country is situated between the The Bamangwato, in common with the other Union of South Africa and Northern Rho- Bechuana tribes, are not a conquered people. desia, and is occupied by a scattered popula- They are not British subjects but are a free peotion of cattle-owning people. Like all the Bantu ple, who willingly and by treaty placed themselves they are a friendly, well-mannered folk. Tshe- under the protecting care of Britain. They hold, kedi's own tribe, the Bamangwato, has been more with proper pride, that they have the right to than commonly fortunate in treat direct with the British its recent rulers, and his fa- Sovereign or his Ministers of ther, Chief Khama, was prob- State. The population is ably one of the greatest rulers sparse, being only about one Bantu Africa has yet pro- per square mile, but it is not duced. as sparse as at first sight it Khama was succeeded, after appears. Little villages of a reign of over fifty years, by round mud huts are scattered his eldest son Sekgoma. It over the veld. In the old days was during Sekgoma's Chief- of tribal warfare the African tainship that the present learned the necessity of hid- Prince of Wales vi sit e d ing his home as far as possible Serowe, the capital of the from the eyes of his enemies, Bamangwato, to unveil the and, like the wild t h i n g s tribal Memorial to Khama. around him, he took advan- On Sekgoma's sudden death tage of color protection, build- the hereditary Chieftainship ing his hut with walls of mud fell to his little son Seretse, and roof of grass.

then a child of five or six. A The first time I visited one Regent was necessary, and of these villages it impressed the choice fell on Khama's me as a higgledy-piggledy youngest son Tshekedi, then a place, entirely lacking in any student at a mission school in plan, as though the huts had Cape Colony. grown up as daisies do, any- Bechuanaland is a British how. But I learned later that Protectorate, and makes up, a Bechuana village has a lay- with Basutoland and Swazi- out as clear as that of New land, the three High Commis- TSHEKEDI AND SEMANE York, only different. In the sion territories of Sou t h centre, like the hub of a wheel, Africa. This single area, as large as France and is a large cattle-pen or kraal, where the cattle are Germany put together, is occupied by five Bantu driven at night for safety. Ranged round this tribes, all related and all speaking the same lan- cattle-krall, as it were on the rim of the wheel, are guage, the Bamangwato being by far the largest the huts of the members of one family-group who and most important of them. jointly own the cattle. This ring of huts is the The London Missionary Society, through such unit, and a series of such units makes up a native men as Robert Moffat and David Livingstone, has township.

played a large part in the history of Bechuana- The Bechuana look upon their cattle as their land. It was missionaries of this Society who in- most precious possession and their attitude to troduced Christianity into Bechuanaland over a their cattle has an almost religious quality, point- century ago. ing back, perhaps, to some kind of earlier belief [109 ]

in a mystical connection between the life of the gestions of his advisors in regard to marriage. tribe and the cattle that they own. The Bechuana He determined to marry where he would, and he hoard cattle as a miser hoards gold. dared to seek his wife outside the clearly-defined circles of the tribal aristocracy. Semane, whom But what impressed me most about the people he took as his bride, was not only a young woman of Bechuanaland was their unfailing courtesy. of education and bearing, she was the best Sunday They have a natural dignity of bearing and are school teacher in the tribe. She is today a woman rarely ill-at-ease. I do not recall ever having seen of queenly presence, and carries on still the proj- a single discourteous act, except amongst those ects that were dear to her husband's heart. She who had gone off to the towns and picked up the is a deacon of the Church, a teacher in the Sunday rather casual manners of the European. school, the leader of a large Women's Bible Class, and the president of the Women's Christian Tem- Serowe, the great native town which is the cap- perance Union. In her home and in the Church, ital of the Bamangwato, with its 30,000 people, is she always impressed me by her competence and probably the largest native town in Africa south leadership. She shares with all Bechuana women of the Equator. a love for striking colors. The last time I saw her she was wearing over her shoulders a bright prim- The Chief asked me if I would come to the rose-colored shawl embroidered in orange, and an Kgotla at dawn and preach at the annual "Plough- emerald-green handkerchief knotted round her ing Service" of the tribe. I found some six thou- head. These colors, which no white woman could sand people awaiting me in the Kgotla the next wear, seemed somehow to suit her chocolate skin morning. In the old days it was customary for and royal bearing. the Chief and his sorcerers to arrange for a pagan service just before the people began their plough- Tshekedi was educated at Lovedale, the famous ing. The object of the pagan rites was to secure institution of the Church of Scotland in Cape Colfertility from the spirits of the earth and air. ony, where so many chiefs have been trained. Thereafter the Chief gave the word and the people were free to start ploughing as soon as the Tshekedi's Government rain should fall. Some of the rites were indecent, but at the same time the whole thing was rooted The administration of justice in Bechuanaland, deeply in the tribal life and certain elements were so far as the native people are concerned, remains worth preserving. When Khama became Chief, largely in the hands of the chief and headmen of and the time for ploughing drew near, the head- the tribe, though certain cases go before the men asked him to arrange for the rites as usual, European magistrate. When an offence is reso that the people could begin on their lands. ported, the chief and the headmen gather in the Khama's reply was that if they wanted their rites Kgotla with any adult males of the tribe who are they could have them, he would not interfere; but interested to attend. The accuser and the defendas for himself and the Christians in the tribe, they ant make their statements, the elders of the tribe would have a meeting for prayer in the Kgotla. give their view of the case, often at great length, From that day the "Ploughing Service" has been and then it is open to any man in the assembly to baptized into Christ, retaining the good and drop- speak. The Bechuana are excellent speakers and ping the bad features. Without any disruption of debaters, and make their points in a clear, logical the tribal life the whole course of an old custom way. When the matter has been thoroughly dishad been changed; the pagan rite had been filled cussed, the chief sums up the general sentiment with a Christian content. After the service was of the assembly, and pronounces sentence. He is over Tshekedi rose and gave the word for the thus not an autocrat, but the mouthpiece of his ploughing to begin. The next moment three people. The punishment meted out is generally mighty, long-drawn cheers went up from six thou- either flogging or a fine of two or three oxen. sand throats – "Pula! Pula! Pula!" (literally, "Rain 1 Rain 1 Rain 1"). This Bechuana word for Tshekedi seemed to me to be a hard-working "Hurrah" is significant of the place rain occupies chief who took his duties very seriously. He apin the mind of the people of this dry and thirsty peared to have no relaxations; indeed sometimes land. seems to be too serious and too absorbed for a man of his age. He scorns delights and lives la- Khama, Tshekedi's father, was perhaps the borious days. I found him considerate ·and apgreatest son that Bantu Africa has yet produced, preciative. When an old woman fainted at a a man of strong intellect and stronger character, meeting Tshekedi helped to render first aid and ,who set himself to prepare his people to take their afterwards drove her home in his own car. proper place in the life of the new Africa, and in fact led them a long way along the road from It may be that there are still chiefs in Africa pagan barbarism to Christian civilization. Khama who wear feathers and skins, who live in the was a big enough man to brush aside the sug- midst of either squalid superstition or barbaric

TSHEKEDI, CHIEF OF THE BAMANGWATO

splendor, who are hard-drinking, overbearing, un- For an outside authority, therefore, to remove a tutored polygamists. Tshekedi does not belong to Chief or even to encroach seriously and suddenly their set. He is an educated, quiet-mannered, upon his functions is to deal a blow at the whole competent Christian young man who neither poise and equilibrium of tribal life. To disturb drinks, smokes nor swears. He may not have his the status and functions of a chief is one of the father's stature or commanding presence or surest ways to bring about detribalization, that powerful mind, yet he has courage and persist- worst malady of African life. Tshekedi feels that ence, with, maybe, a touch of obstinacy, combined his main task is the maintenance of his chiefly with unwavering devotion to his tribe. He seemed prerogatives, and he is robbed thereby of the freeto me to be cautiously progressive. He is a dom of mind necessary to think constructively on church-member and a regular worshiper at the the needs of his tribe or to frame a progressive great church his father built, and would certainly policy for them. be a deacon of the church, were it not that both he and the missionaries in Bechuanaland agree The Status of a Bechuana Chief that it is probably not in the best interests of the church or the tribe for a chief to hold office. From the first Tshekedi has taken his duties There are morning and afternoon services every seriously. His guiding principle has been to main- Sunday in the vernacular for the people of the tain the main lines of Khama's policy, and to pretribe in the great Khama church, and whenever serve the prerogatives of the Chieftainship intact the missionary is in Serowe on Sunday evenings and hand them on unimpaired to Seretse when he conducts an English service for Europeans in the latter comes of age. It was to defend the the tiny church which has been built for their use. status of a Bechuana Chief and to prevent the ab- On the Sunday evening when I preached there the sorption of the Bechuanaland Protectorate in the Government doctor played the harmonium, one of Union of South Africa, that Tshekedi came to the traders gave out the notices, and another took England three years ago, and there won many the collection, which, by the way, was on behalf friends by his quiet, courteous, friendly ways and of missionary work. by his courage and competence in standing for the rights of his people. He speaks English fluently, Bechuanaland is a Protectorate, and there is lives in a European type of house, and has a reatherefore a dual authority. The Bechuana are sonable knowledge of English law as well as a ruled both by a European Administration and by thorough understanding of African tribal cusa Native Chief. This situation calls for states- toms. Like most African chiefs he strikes those manship and tact if friction is to be avoided. It who know him well as a trifle secretive, in spite is obvious that with the spread of European cul- of his friendliness of manner. He has not the ture the inevitable tendency is for the Adminis- powerful mind or personality of Khama, and when tration to encroach upon the functions and privi- hard pressed he tends to become obstinate. His leges of the Chief. The powers of the Chief have policy in general is cautious, and is regarded by been considerably reduced since the death of some people as being conservative. He believes Khama, and it looks as though it is intended that profoundly in education, and he himself studied the process shall continue. It is natural that up to the matriculation examination at school. Tshekedi should view the tendency with concern, He maintains at his own expense a school of 700 and that he should offer all the opposition he legit- children in Serowe, and he has spared no pains imately may. He is only the Regent or Acting or money to make it one of the model native Chief, and will therefore be expected, both by his schools of South Africa. He has moreover been nephew, the real Chief, and by the tribe, to hand contemplating for some time starting an instituon the prerogatives and functions of the chieftain- tion of a higher standard for the training of teachship undiminished. ers and for the giving of education of a more ad- vanced character than anything at present pro- But there is something deeper than that in the vided by the Government. Tshekedi is forwarddisquiet with which Tshekedi views the frequent looking, but he is at present engrossed in the infringement of his functions. The Chief in a maintenance of the status and prerogatives of the Bantu tribe is looked upon as something more Chief as against the inevitable encroachments of than a political personage. He is regarded as the European administration. Given a clear and gathering up in himself the whole life of the tribe. acceptable definition of the rights and functions He is a religious symbol of the tribal existence. of the Chieftainship Tshekedi would be free to He has an almost spiritual significance. More- initiate a progressive policy for the Tribe. The over, an African tribe carries subtle nonmaterial Administration would likewise be free to help him elements in its life. It is, in fact, a singularly in its realization. delicate organism, and its balance can be destroyed much more readily than it can be restored. There are one or two elements in the tribal'lif€.

that are not favorable to Tshekedi. Intrigue ing of the women, known as the duduetsa. Then thrives under tribalism. But with the vast ma- an old, old woman of the tribe rose from the jority of his tribe Tshekedi is personally popular ground and went to meet the Chief. She turned and officially respected. The people know that he and preceded him, executing a curious native seeks to maintain their rights as a free people dance. As the Chief reached the front of the under the wing of Britain's protection. They give gathering the great company as one man rose and him their regard and confidence and are making greeted him, with renewed cries of "Pula!" As good progress under his leadership. the cheering died down Semane, the Queen- This was demonstrated in an unmistakable mother, rose from her seat and advanced towards fashion on his return from England. A crowd of her son; she bent her knee,· took his hand and nearly ten thousand men and women gathered in drew it to her lips. In a great stillness Tshekedi, the Kgotla, or place of tribal assembly in Serowe, with tears in his eyes, raised his mother to her and the welcome they gave him demonstrated feet. He had come home; the welcome was com- their loyalty and affection. The great gathering plete.

sat with their eyes turned expectantly towards the Between mother and son there is a perfect shoulder of the hill round which the Chief and his understanding, and as Tshekedi remains unmar- horsemen would appear. It was like watching for ried Semane has many public duties to perform, a king returning from the wars. Presently a but she is none the less friendly and approach- great shout went up as a cloud of dust began to able. Both mother and son are members of the rise and move towards the town. In a few min- Christian Church; both are on friendly terms utes the whole cavalcade galloped round the stock- with the missionaries and other Europeans in ade of the Kgotla, where the Chief dismounted and their town; both are keenly interested in tem- walked slowly up the avenue between his people. perance and in the Boys' Brigade and the Girls'

From thousands of throats rose up the Bechuana. Life Brigade; both are seeking to lift the moral hurrah, or greeting of respect, "Pula! Pula! level of the Tribe and to maintain the best tradi- Pula!" immediately followed by the strange ululu- tions of a free people.

Opportunity-The Way of the Lord By JEAN KENYON MACKENZIE Formeriya Missionary of the Presbyterian Church in West Africa W HO has not wakened in the night to hear ing of the stranger-and all because in a dark a bell strike in the heart-and it is now hour our Lord spoke to us, waking us from sleep, too late to do what we have planned to do, calling us back again into his service. Not as he for we have dallied? called the child Samuel, who must rebuke the faithless with the glitter and dew of his young The child is now grown, the friend is now gone, faith-but as He calls His tried,servant who must the harvest is now passed, the night has now come now bear the heat and burden of the noon and winter seals the door. Across the heart's dark hour. . . . there is a flooding light that reveals with a strange clarity the very path we missed, and we had For this is the Way of the Lord. By much passvowed to take it on a day that passed. ing it is made straight, and those who go there are the caravans of the Future. It is for these jour- How sweet it is then if a friend knocks at the neys that the Head of the caravan has called you door and begs from us three loaves of bread! It again before it is yet day, giving you an hour for is not then we fail to rise and give him. It is not remembrance and repentance before you shall on the morrow of such dark thoughts that we deal arise "renewed to your works, and charity, and stonily with our children, or begin, with our min- service, and faith, and your patience, and your ister, to make delays and excuses. On the morrow works"; and the last-by his mercy-to be more of such a night we are up early to fill the lamps than the first. with oil; we search our purses then for whatever coin may be there; we fill the cup against the com- -From Women and Missions.

and the World To,Day*

By the REV. HERBERT H. FARMER, M.A., -.. ~ Hartford, Connecticut Professor in the Hartford Theological Seminary To ANYONE who believes that God savingly present age is really another way of facing the revealed Himself to mankind in Jesus Christ question what our essential Message is. If we in a final and unique way-and can anything believe that God speaks to the world through the be properly called Christianity which has not that Church we must also believe that He speaks to the belief in one form or another at the heart of it?- Church through the world, challenging it, thrust- Christianity is not more relevant or differently ing it out of its thoughtless and treacherous acqui- relevant to this age than to any other. Its rel- escences in styles of life really alien to Christ and evance is that it is the saving word of God to now receiving God's judgment in the outward mankind and that mankind is confusion and the inward de- mankind. Jesus Christ the same spair of mankind. The subject yesterday, today and for ever, Here is are mar k a b I y of this talk, in fact, could as and mankind, though in a dif- thoughtful paper, read at the well be the relevance of our ferent sense, pretty much the recent Foreign Missions Con- present world for Christianity same yesterday, today and for- ference. Dr. Farmer deals as the relevance of Christianity ever. The point is not unim- with the spiritual as against for our present world. portant, for so soon as we try the material, the eternal as Some years ago an anthroto adj ust our preaching of against the temporal, the di- Christ to the results of our own vine program and power as pologist of international repureflection on its relevance to a against human ideas of social tation, widely travelled, observvast and complex world situa- progress. He shows how the ant, sensitive, cautious in all his tion, the whole work and wit- revelation of God in Christ statements, said in my hearing: ness of the Church is thrown is the only basis of hope for "In my opinion the most iminto the utmost jeopardy. The the rescue and regeneration of portant and disquieting feature men from the inequalities, the of our time is the increasing prime motive of Christian mis- failures and the destruction sense of the futility of life sions must always be the com- caused by the ignorance and which is to be observed in alpelling touch of God upon our sin which are so prevalent in most every section of human own hearts and lives through the world today~ Here is the life." I have thought much Christ, and we should be bound about that statement. One is to obey that compulsion, even Christian philosophy which the more disposed to believe it though the relevance of what underlies the missionary en- true when one can see that there we have to say to the world sit- terprise. God, the loving have been at work in human uation should not at the moment Heavenly Father, has come in life over a long period of years be very apparent. That is to the person of His Son, Jesus certain tendencies of thought Christ, to reveal the value of the individual soul, and to say, our judgment of the rel- make it possible for man to which were bound in the end to evance of Christianity must al- look forward to an eternity produce that sense of futility ways be in a measure a judg- of fellowship with Him. which the observer referred to ment of faith, and not of sight. discerned as deeply underlying Though we must beware of the modern temper.

altering the Message to suit our own superficial In this connection I venture to state categor- judgments as to what the world needs, yet ft may ically two propositions.

happen that certain aspects of the Message are Impor.tance of the Eternal more relevant to some ages than to others and should be proclaimed with special" clarity and The first is that human nature is so made that emphasis and practical endeavor. To ask our- only the awareness of a factor in existence which selves what is the relevance of our Message to the is eternal can give man a sense of permanent meaning and direction and worth-whileness in his en:e;Ot9~5~sed from an address given at the Foreign Missions Confer- life. Without that the sense of futility, though it [113 ]

may be temporarily smothered in the distractions futility. No eternal, no unconditional; no uncon- of business or pleasure, always comes back like a ditional, no meaning; no meaning, nothing in the slow stain spreading from beneath through a end but a hollow sense of futility-that is an un- closely-woven fabric. The hunger for the eternal changeable law of the human heart.

I take to be as certain a fact of man's response to How unchangeable this is is shown by events his world as his hunger for food, though it is not in the world today. I am thinking particularly of so immediately obvious. It arises indeed inevi- the terrific outburst of nationalism tending to tably from the fact that he is self-conscious, and absolute dictatorships and the totalitarian state.

yet at the same time both his own being and all Many causes doubtless have contributed to bring to which he puts his hands are under sentence of these things about, but the deepest one I am con- death and dissolution. vinced is just the hunger of the human soul for an The second proposition is that the living sense absolute, an unconditional to give permanent of the eternal as distinct from armchair philo- meaning and, direction to life. It is pathetic sophical reflections, if it comes to the human soul witness to the emptiness of the human spirit when at all, always comes in the form of an uncondi- it has lost the sense of the vertical, the eternal, tional imperative addressed to the will. By an and merged itself horizontally in the process. It unconditional imperative we mean one which is the nemesis of naturalism. One of two things cla:ims the whole man, one which in principle asks always happens, as Heim has said: either the the surrender of life itself rather than to be diso- process itself gets deified, as in Marxian mate- bedient to it. Just because it is felt to claim life rialism, or one item in the"process, as in the Marx- itself it is felt to transcend life, or rather, what is ian doctrine of the proletariate or the Nazi doc- the same thing, to transcend death, to have the trine concerning the Nordic race. It is all very quality of the eternal. G. K. Chesterton has point- pathetic. Man creates his own pitiful eternal in ed out that whenever men contemplate the total some mythological Nordic race which shall go on giving of themselves they always talk the language forever and conquer all things; his own little tin- of eternity. Leonidas at Thermopylre does not pot deity of a Lenin or a Hitler or a Mussolini; say to his fellow Greeks: "Friends, I think that his own puerile sacraments of swastika banners all things considered Prof. So and So is right when and uplifted arms, and to them he is ready to give he suggests that Greek civilization is preferable himself-ready if need be to die. They are substi- to Persian; therefore I beg to move that we stay tutes for the unconditional eternal. And the here and die fighting." No, he cried, we may sup- strength of these movements is youth, youth pose, with a look up into the sky, "Athens (or which in its relatively unspoiled nature wants Sparta) forever." something to give itself wholly to, and is not able We reach then the familiar proposition that, in to find it. Those therefore who discern in these the long run, men cannot find anything worth liv- modern movements something of the lineaments ing for unless they can find something worth of religion are right. It is substitute religion.

dying for, and they cannot find anything worth The Christian Message dying for unless they can find something which transcends death, something eternal. Whence, What then is the relevance of this to Christian- clearly, the hollow sense of futility which has in- ity? The answer I propose to give is along two fected so much of modern life. For a variety of lines: the first concerns more the content of our reasons modern man has lost the sense of being message, the second more the manner of our wit- related not only, so to say, horizontally to the nat- ness to it.

ural order, but also vertically to something or First concerning the content. I am convinced some one which transcends the natural order and that a very large number of Christian thinkers which alone can make it other than a tale told by and preachers have been deeply infected (without ail idiot signifying nothing. Far more deeply their knowing it) with the prevailing monistic than we have ever realized the modern man has naturalism of this age, and so long as that is so become naturalistic in his whole outlook; he has they will have nothing to say in this present age.

become monistic-that is to say, he has lost the They think of God vaguely as a "life force" run- sense that there are two orders, time and eternity, ning through the processes of nature and history and has tried to live in one only. There is there- and somehow producing what they call values of fore no true unconditional for his will, for his will truth, beauty and goodness. Yet what is that "but is, only part of the ongoing natural process and the horizontal look, the deification of process?

we can all do what we like, seeing that natural They are very hesitant about speaking of God in process makes us like it. Because there is no un- personal terms, as a transcendent will addressing conditional there is no meaning, such is the human the will of man in unconditional demand and ask- heart, but only a growing sense of emptiness and ing for critical decision. How often have I heard

CHRISTIANITY AND THE WORLD TO-DAY

sermons which have not mentioned the word God makes a difference every bit as unmistakable and at all. What is talked about is religion, cultivat- costly as the difference which Communism has ing the spiritual life, integrating the personality wrought in Russia or Hitler in Germany, or Mus- with what is vaguely called life, and being our- solini in Italy, then men will pass it by and go selves as I heard a preacher only last Sunday say, alusting after false gods. I want the young peo- "bits of divinity." Anything approaching the ple of the world to be challenged as absolutely prophetic word, "Thus saith the Lord, the Holy with Christ as they are being challenged by Com- One," to your will asking utter obedience even munism and Fascism, but of what power is the unto death is absent. The same appears in what challenge on the lips of those in whose manner is said about Jesus Christ. There is little sense of of life there is little evidence of the presence of a an absolute, unconditional final approach of the Divine Dictator whose will at any cost is obeyed?

Eternal to the human soul in him. On the contrary Here we touch on something really important; He is looked upon as just a bit of the process, a it is precisely that accusation against Christi- product of evolutionary forces for which we may anity which Communists are continually making, be thankful and which we may as well try to copy; namely, that taken as a whole it has preferred to but He may be superseded at any moment and if establish itself on the comforts of the old order you like Buddhism or Confucius or Karl Marx and has consciously or unconsciously refused to better as the basis of your religion, you are per- make any really cos~ing sacrifices or brave any fectly entitled to adopt one of them and we wont risks for a better way of social life. It is evident worry you with Christ. After all, it is said that that mankind has reached a stage in its history all religions seek the same end; in other words when something radical must be done about life.

they are all part of the one ongoing process. It is surely not without significance that our mod- If that is all a man can genuinely say about ern dictatorships are strongly tinged with social- God and about Christ he must not, on peril of his ism. Communism is the whole thing in an ex- soul, try to force himself to say more. But let treme form, but Nazism and Italian Fascism are such an one remind himself that that sort of thing professedly also attempts to create a juster social is not historic Christianity; if it had been then unity and cooperation. Young German Nazis be- Christianity would long since have disappeared. lieve they are fashioning a new society, and for That sort of thing is pitifully inadequate to the that they are ready to surrender themselves and present situation, being indeed a surrender to make sacrifices.

those very untruths which have produced the A Christian message which is not backed by a present situation. I want a modern Christianity manifest willingness to set right the wrongs of which, without ceasing to be really modern, shall our hideous capitalistic order and to pay the cost recover the sense of God as personal Will, and be of so doing, is irrelevant today.

bold in the preaching of it, shall recover the sense The Dictatorship of Love of God as absolute unconditional demand, which shall really enthrone Jesus Christ as the revela- The witness of the Church on these matters tion of that demand to the sin-darkened spirits of must be distinctively its own, and it is becoming men. I want the Christian Church to set up its increasingly clear what the distinctive Christian Dictator against these other tawdry substitutes witness fundamentally has got to be. It must be which are walking the earth, not in word but in a much more deep-going, uncompromising, costing deed. If we cannot have a Christianity which affirmation of the principles of love, a much more does that we cannot have one which is relevant deep-going, uncompromising, costing manifesta- to the modern world. I want a Christianity that tion of the fact that we stand under the dictator- has emancipated itself from monism and takes ship of love and intend to obey and take all the its stand on the dualism of time and eternity, of risks of obedience. What then do we mean by love?

the divine will demanding, and the human will We mean at lea~t this, an intense passionate sense which must obey. of the value of every individual life because we The Christian Witness see resting on it none other than the eternal love of God with which we dare not and cannot trifle.

This has involved me in the second point, This is intensely relevant to the world situation namely, the manner of our witness to the Chris- today. You have noticed what a shockingly low tian Message. To preach God as Holy Will, save valuation of the individual personality is mani- as our own will is humbled before it, is worthless festing itself. There has always been such in the and pernicious, and never more so than today. world, but today it is peculiarly blatant and un- Unless in actual Christian living there is mani- ashamed, and, curiously enough, it is manifesting fest an austerity of the unconditional Word of itself in connection with the building of what is God, the willingness clearly evidenced that Christ regarded as a new social order. In Germany,

Russia, Italy, Turkey and elsewhere the individual but hardly a.n ideal for man as revealed by the counts for nothing or little, and that not as the God who has shown His face to us in the love of outcome of transient excitement but as a deliber- Christ. The Christian ideal is a fellowship which ately professed theory of human life. The indi- is achieved only as love, that is to say, only as a vidual must be sacrificed ruthlessly to the sup- unity amid the richest individual difference.

posed needs of the whole. This is the theory of Nothing other than that can be the ideal which the the totalitarian state: the state is all, the indi- Christian is seeking to achieve. There is, how- vidual is nothing. ever, one place where it ought to be fully achieved, This seems to be as direct an assault on the and can be fully achieved if we dedicated our- Christian message as anything could well be, for selves to it, namely the Christian Church. The if it is valid then the doctrine of God as love is relevance of the Church today to the world situa- phantastic nonsense. It is indeed inevitable that tion is to show forth a conception of fellowship, we should meet what we are meeting today in this a way of the solution of social problems, which is frightful devaluation of the individual. The based on the keenest awareness of the value of things that have been happening in Germany, every individual in the sight of God. A Church Russia, Italy, are but a violent symptom of some- which reproduces in itself the racial cleavages, thing which is widespread in humanity and is the gross financial inequalities, the caste distinc- very manifest in America, though here it is kept tions, the perverted values which set more store partly in check and driven underground by a on the trappings of the altar and the choir than on stronger tradition of liberty, a liberty which has loving mercy and doing justly and walking in been far too much in the nature of license to flout awed obedience to a Holy Will of love at any cost, the very principles it professed to preserve. in view of the terrific forces which are sweeping This has its roots once again in the loss of the the world today, is an impotent irrelevancy. . . .

sense of the eternal as Holy Will, and the merging I do not see that a Christian message can enter of man in mere ongoing natural process. Never the modern scene with really powerful relevance was there a more pathetic and stupid fallacy than except it is prepared to be frankly eschatological that of humanism which supposes that you can in its outlook, as the New Testament is. By being exalt man by denying God;' in the end man be- eschatological in outlook I mean briefly what comes just an item in process and nothing mote" comes to expression in the epistle to the Hebrews to be treated as such by any tyrant who can win where the writer having exhorted his readers to power and persuade himself that the process is stand firm and absolute in their obedience to for the moment incarnate in himself. If I do not Christ come what may, adds: "for we have not derive my existence from God and my significance here an abiding city but we seek one which is to from His love, then I derive it simply from race, come." This again would be to escape from mon- and race can annul me whenever it wants. The ism into the thought that there is a Divine Will decapitations in Germany and shootings in Russia which, whilst it meets us in history, none the less are perfectly logical. But, mark you, the same transcends history in its ultimate consummation; attitude is to be observed in America, and in the wherefore we can commit ourselves wholly to it in churches. Many Christians take precisely the absolute obedience, no matter what folly it may same attitude to the execution of criminals; they appear to be in the eyes of the world.

feel great satisfaction that society "has been rid God's Concern for Man of such vermin." That is the same attitude at bottom, though in a more restrained form, as What a tremendously significant thing it is that of Goering and Stalin. A less polite name for after all, for you and me to affirm that God is it would be the "swat that fly" attitude. holy, personal, fatherly love, with an individual The Question of Social Reform concern for the personalities of all men and women, and on the basis of that affirmation to The relation of all this to social reform is that call upon one another to walk the way of love, we must take our choice between dedicating our- taking all the tasks, even unto the death of the selves to a Christian idea of social fellowship and cross. What folly it looks on the surface! Sit another idea which is opposed to it. Only we down and read history. The endless procession of must dedicate ourselves to it with the same abso- the generations, millions and millions of individ- lute devotion as the young Nazis. Christian Nazis uals born, suffering, dying; earthquakes, famines, have been surprised when I have pointed out that pestilences, men and women and children wiped a beehive or an ant hill is a perfect social unity, out like flies, Attila and his Huns sweeping across similar to the unity of Russia and Germany and Europe, Ghengis Khan and his bloody massacres, Italy, and doubtless a wonderful work of nature sin spreading a corrupting blight from generation

to generation! Look at the world today, say men it was not necessary to say how; for the moment of the world, and then tell us that God is love, and love was apparently defeated, but what is the ask us to live by love. moment? In His deep awareness of God He knew that in eternity, in the beyond of history, God's What can we say in reply? Only this, that we love was not defeated, that with Him alone was do not claim to understand or to justify the eternal the victory. So with quiet conviction He says: purpose of God in terms of what we can see hap- "hereafter ye shall see the Son of Man, the Crucipening on this narrow, transient stage of time. fied, sitting at the right hand of power, and com- God's purpose is too vast in its scope, too profound ing on the clouds of heaven." Do not let us miss in its meaning, too transcendent in its ultimate the deep meaning of that, because of the imagery glory to be measured by what we can see, or what in which it is expressed. It is the deep assured this world can hold. We have not here an abiding vision of one who sees right through the appearcity, but we seek one to come. Here we "see as in ances of terrestrial events to the transcendent vica glass darkly." If we can live by love and take tory of God. I do ask you to share the vision and all its risks and all its apparent defeats with a to have the peace and the power and the steadfastquiet mind and an unaltered loyalty, it is because ness which that vision alone can bring. Only as we live in the power of a world to come. Thus it we do so shall we be able to stand steadfastly for was with Jesus when He went to the cross. What the way of love in this troubled world; only so utter defeat that was to all outward appearance, shall we be able, if the call comes, to go forth to what triumph of the coarse insolences of worldly Him whom we call Master and Lord, without the power over the weakness of love! Yet Jesus knew camp, to Calvary, bearing His reproach, yet sharthat the victory was not with the crucifiers but ing also His joy. with the Crucified; He could not have said how; THE NEED OF THE HOUR* In the face of a world that is literally sliding towards hell with accelerated speed what shall the righteous do? How can the followers of Jesus Christ bring His spirit and His person to this sin-cursed generation? There is no short way. But the task now faced by the Church can never be done unless it is clearly recognized that there are thousands upon thousands of Christians who are such only in name. They do not believe and have never believed in the way of love even unto the Cross. Only a remnant believes this and upon that remnant God has placed the burden. But God's arm is not shortened in this day any more than it was in the days of Gideon. He can save by many or by few.

But it is not the many or the few that will do the saving. It will be God working through them. The great responsibility now upon these disciples of Christ, who see that this world with all its boasted science and humanitarianism is lost, is to bring Christ into the personal lives and the institutions of men. Only He can take away the lust for possessions and the lust for power which are the basic cause of all tyranny. Only He can give the drive and the courage to fight institutionalized wrong. Only He can give the ethical wisdom to penetrate all the sham and hypocrisy of the social order about us.

"Can ye drink of the cup that I drink of?" asked Jesus. Those early disciples said they could and to their eternal credit they did. But they drank of that cup, and His followers today can drink of it, only if their spirits are continually renewed by waiting upon God. This age is lost unless Christians are raised up who constantly renew their spirits in prayer. Spiritual strength demands spiritual discipline. The task is altogether too great for any man in his own unaided strength. But any man may be a vehicle for the Almighty.

The world can be saved if every Christian who sees the crisis of this civilization will face it with the utter consecration shown by the early Christians as they faced Rome. We know that it is only as we daily and systematically commune with the ever-living God that we can find strength and wisdom for the mighty task before us. To live creatively and triumphantly we must wait upon God. Those who seek the Kingdom will never find it unless they wait upon Him.

• Condensed from The Presbyterian Tribune, New York.

Years of the Turkish Republic*

-ell By the REV. J. KINGSLEY BIRGE, Istanbul, Turkey O N THE 29th of last October the Turkish was natural to leave the affairs of this world, as people celebrated the eleventh anniversary well as the next, to Him. Man's efforts to build of the founding of the Turkish Republic. his own world riot only seemed not worth while, No country has ever made as many revolutionary but even definitely irreligious.

changes in a similar period of time as has this On the other hand, there was the powerful influ- new Republic. ence of the more or less secretly organized dervish, In Turkey at least, the importance of the rela- or religious lodges.. Counting their members by tion of Christian missions to the present world the many thousands, an attitude of reverence for conditions can only be understood in the light of the miraculous powers of the grandmasters of the meaning of these changes. Even the past two these lodges led to a widespread belief in magic months have seen a social development in Turkey and superstition. Admirable as was the devotion of so radical a nature as to make the friend of of many earnest seekers after reality in these Turkey not only feel respect for the leadership lodges, the mental attitude they developed of su- being exercised in that land, but also cherish an perstitious belief in tombs and sacred places, of expectancy that anything may happen there. dependence upon unseen powers of a world of To understand the significance of the recent magic, made them hardly adapted to the social events in Turkey it is necessary to glance into the needs of the twentieth century. Back in the middle more distant past and note the state of affairs of the last century an Ottoman holding high office shortly before this interesting Republic was born. in the state made this remark to a friendly for- For centuries Turkey suffered under an abso- eigner: "Depend upon it, our ministers are laborlute monarch. The dynasty of Osman, beginning ing in vain and civilization will never penetrate with a succession of brilliant rulers, ended its into Turkey so long as the dervish lodges and the absolute sway with the thirty year's reign of tombs (of their holy men) remain standing." t Abdul Hamid. During those thirty years the The point of all these facts is that religion has rights of the people were in every way suppressed. in the minds of many of Turkey's leaders demon- Education was discouraged. Science, particularly strated its social ineffectiveness, even its positively all that was involved in the use of electricity, was harmful influence on human progress. viewed as positively dangerous. Not only the Born into such a world, under the able leader- Christians, but in some respects the Turks, suf- ship of Gazi Mustafa Kemal the Republic of Turfered under the absolutism of Abdul Hamid. key has attempted in the course of less than one When today the Turkish Republic is represented generation to bring about changes which western along with Greece, Bulgaria, Jugoslavia, Rumania Europe and America took centuries to effect. The and Albania in the Balkan Union, Turkey, in imposing array of reforms will perhaps be the common with the other nations feels she has won more impressive if I mention them as they ocher independence from the sway of the old Otto- curred year after year. In 1922 the Sultanate was abolished. man Empire. In those old days the part religion played was In 1923 the Lausanne Treaty was signed grantnot calculated to commend itself to the progres- ing the Turkish people a degree of equality with European nations which had never before been sive leaders of today. On the one hand were the recognized. In October of that year Turkey was teachings of orthodox Sunni Islam. A sublime declared a Republic. conception of one God, breeding a devotion both of belief and worship that is the admiration of the In 1924 two revolutionary changes took plac,e. friendly observer, served also to cultivate a fatal- The medressehs, or Mohammedan religious schools istic attitude toward all life, with a consequent were abolished, and the mekteps or schools mod- stifling of individual initiative. Since God was elled on the schools of the west, took their places. the all-powerful, creating both good and evil, it The Caliphate was also abolished, and the royal family was banished from the country. * An address delivered at the Foreign Missions Conference, Garden t Ubicini: "Letters on Turkey," 1856. I 108, City, New York, January, 19.15.

[ 118] The year 1925 saw three innovations each of a bridge the gulf between the city dweller and the kind to cause a complete revolution in the mental- peasant, an organized social attempt to get the ity of a large majority of the people. The fez, educated interested in the underprivileged man of long identified with their religion, was discarded, the remote village. and men were required by law to wear the headgear of the western world. The tekkes, or dervish In July, 1932, the Society for the Investigation lodges were closed, as were also the tombs which of the Turkish Language was organized, a society had in the past been objects of pious visitation. whose labors for two years are now making them- The calendar and system of keeping time were selves felt in Turkey in one of the greatest literary also changed to conform to the custom of the revolutions any nation has ever seen. European civilization. The fall months of 1934 have brought still more In 1926 complete new legal codes were adopted. reforms. The language has begun to change to a civil code influenced by Swiss laws, a penal code an unbelievable degree, as Arabic and Persian based on the Italian system and a commercial words are cast out and old Turkish words taken code taken from Germany and Italy. In 1926 the in their place. All titles of special respect have first statue in Turkey was unveiled. That began been abolished and a common title "Bay" for Mr. a new era in which the picture for the first time and "Bayan" for Miss or Mrs., have been adopted began to play its part as an influence in school for all, preceding the name, as with similar titles and home. in the west. A recent law has forbidden the wear- ing of clerical dress anywhere except in the place In 1927 the railroad from Ankara to Cesarea of worship, and this last month the constitution was opened, beginning a period of great railroad was amended so as to permit women to share on expansion under government control. Each year absolute equality with men in both voting and has shown progress in the efficiency with which standing for election as members of Parliament. these railroads are run. Two Basic Turkish Ideas In 1928 the constitution was amended to strike out the clause that said that the religion of the Hiding behind this very formidable array of State was Islam. Henceforth in theory, and in- reforms, each with its interesting possibilities, creasingly in practice, a complete separation was are two very basic ideas. One is that if Turkey to exist between religion and the State. In May is to take her place among the leading civilized of 1928 the international numbers were adopted, nations of the world she must somehow or other and in November the incredibly radical move was cast off, not so much the clothes of the past, as made of substituting for immediate use in all pub- the complete mentality of the past. In place of lications of a new phonetic Turkish alphabet the religious mentality of the past with its tendmodelled on the Latin alphabet of the west, and ency toward fatalism and consequent quietism in taking the place of the difficult Arabic alphabet its highest expression, and toward superstition of the previous centuries. and magic in its cruder manifestation, there must be spread abroad the new mentality of the West, In 1929 national schools were opened for adults a belief in natural law and in man's capacity to and the whole nation gave itself to the Herculean shape his own life. task of learning to read in the new Turkish letters. Apparently inconsistent with this almost whole- In 1931 all elementary education was limited sale taking over what they conceived to be the best to Turkish government schools. The law was an of western civilization has been operating all the expression of the belief that education of the time the second great basic force, namely, nationyoung was a primary duty and opportunity of the alism. Itself an importation from the west, na- State. It was also a witness of the great progress tionalism has established itself in Turkey as that had been made in what is perhaps the Turk- strongly as in any country. Peaceable in its forish Republic's most fundamental aim-the edu- eign policy, desiring no aggression toward any cation of all the people. foreign power, Turkey is nevertheless very deter- minedly equipping herself for adequate self-de- In April, 1931, a new law inaugurated the use fense. In her development of a more purely of the international system of measurements by Turkish culture she is turning her eyes to the meters and kilos, although this law was only fully ancient past. Convinced that the earliest civiliapplied in 1934. zations came out of Central Asia, her own home- land, the Turks are being educated to feel that In April, 1931, the People's Party took over the they should be leaders, not so much in war as in full responsibility for operating all over the coun- the civilized ways of peace. . . . try People's Houses, Halk Evleri. The social and recreational needs of the common people were The Turkey which I have tried to sketch briefly thus recognized. One of the encouraging features is the background against which we must try to of these houses was the Department of Village Life, which was organized in them, an attempt to

understand modern Christian missions in this day, is not calculated to make him place the Chris- country. The probability is that the virile leader- tian religion among those useful elements in ship being offered the world today by Turkey will western civilization which he desires.

be followed in many respects by other countries The picture, however, has its brighter side.

as well, especially of the Moslem world. The Foremost is the undoubted fact that Turkish lead- situation in Turkey therefore is of peculiar sig- ers are eagerly studying our civilization to find nificance. every socially useful element in order that they From the missionary point of view there are may import it into their rapidly-awakening land.

two sides to the picture. The dark side shows a . The second factor on the bright side is there only resentment springing from their nationalism if an affirmative answer can be given to a question against every effort by foreigners to influence that strikes at the very heart of our faith: Can their way of living. Any attempt to convert them the religion of Jesus Christ function through mod- tends to defeat that purpose, for it sets people ern missions in such a way as to give expression against what, if left alone, they might have looked to absolutely disinterested goodwill? Is Christi- upon with favor. A second element on the dark anity Christianity only when it is taught by word side is that religion has gained for itself in Tur- of mouth, or is Christianity truly expressive of key a bad name. Mohammedanism has shown Christ's own spirit when, under conditions where itself as a reactionary force, and what the aver- propaganda will defeat its purpose, it seeks to live age Turk has been able to see of Christianity, as in self-forgetting abandonment in service of God's it has worked in Europe and America, not only in children as with very great sincerity they search the Crusades but in the recent World War and in the surface of the earth to find what forces will the social disorders and inj ustices of the present build a better Turkey?

TERSE TRUTHS ABOUT STEWARDSHIP When a man becomes rich, God gains a partner or the man loses his soul. *** Stewardship puts the Golden Rule in business in place of the rule of gold. *** Not how much of my money will I give to God, but how much must I use for myself? * * .* "I will place no value on anything I have except in relation to the Kingdom of Christ." *** The Kingdom of God can never be established by "raising money," but it cannot be ex- tended without sharing money.

*** Give, not from the top of your purse, but from the bottom of your heart.

*** He is no fool who parts with what he cannot keep, and so obtains what he will not lose.

*** The unconsecrated wealth of Christians is the greatest hindrance to the progress of Christ's Church.

*** Jesus teaches that a man's attitude to the Kingdom of God is revealed by his attitude to his property.

*** Diligent earning makes an industrious man; wise spending, a well-furnished man; pro- portionate saving, a prepared man; Christlike giving, a blessed man.

Little children, in a spasm of generosity, often give to those whom they love some posses- sion, and take it back again; or use it without reference to the ownership they had conferred. It is thus that too many Christians act towards Christ. They ask Him to consider all their. possessions as His; but within an hour they spend as if they were as much their own as ever. They determine how much to give to some Christian cause without once asking Him what He desires them to give.-THE REV. F. B. MEYER.

-Sayings from many sources quoted by the Laymen Company, Chicago.

Years of Cooperation in Chosen*

By the REV. C. A. CLARK, Ph.D., D.D., I~- Pyengyang, Chosen ~==============================~, THE last hundred years have been preemi- groups of Methodist missionaries and believers nently years of competition throughout the into one great Korean Methodist Church, the world, in business life, national life and movement which was consummated in 1930; secchurch life. There are undoubtedly many advan- ondly, the growing together from the beginning of tages in competition in stirring men to do their the work of the four Presbyterian missions into very best, and the world is full of good things their one National Church, fully organized in which we would not have obtained except for com- 1907; and the third item, the territorial divisions petition. We have discovered by hard experience, between the two churches consummated in 1909, however, that with men constituted as they are just twenty-six years ago.

and as selfish as they are, unrestrained competi- Those three are the greatest movements. We tion often means the crushing of the weak, and the may add to them the various specific items of taking advantage of accidentally acquired rights union or cooperation in various movements and to deprive others of even their natural rights. Be- institutions. Among those we may mention the cause of these things the world today seems de- following: termined to abolish competition or, at least, to 1. As TO MOVEMENTS: put it under severe restrictions, such that we may get from it its benefits and not have to take its Cooperation in the production and distribution of evils. Literature.

I suppose that there is no place in human ac- The Presbyterian and Methodist Councils. The Federal Council.

tivity where unrestrained competition is more in- The National Council. excusable than between two churches, where each Early movements for making Educational work is equally evangelical in its teaching. We have seen that illustrated all over America to an aston- uniform-the Senate. ishing extent, five or six churches sometimes in Work for Koreans in Japan. Sunday School and other Religious Education work.

a town of less than 1,000 people, or half a dozen Union Medical Association and the Nurses' Assochurches in a city, all with palatial buildings, all ciation.

within a block or so of one another, all half empty II. As TO INSTITUTIONS: and all living at a poor dying rate. Korea has The Chosen Christian College in Seoul. been wonderfully blessed from the beginning in The Union Christian College in Pyengyang. having relatively so little destructive competition The Severance Union Medical College.

of this type. The Ewa College for Women, Seoul. The Union M. E. Theological Seminary in Seoul. When we speak of cooperation in Korea, we The Union Presbyterian Seminary in Pyengyang. necessarily refer to Methodist-Presbyterian coop- The P'ierson Memorial Bible Institute in Seoul.

eration. Other denominations, with one excep- The Christian Literature Society.

tion, did not come into the country during the first Union Hospitals in Seoul and Pyengyang. quarter century of its missionary history. It is a Tai Wha Community Center, Seoul.

matter of deep regret that, when they did come, A. Territorial Division.

none of them were willing to consider territorial To my mind the greatest step ever taken on division or to join the Federal Council or like ac- cooperation lines, as between our two great detivities. It is a matter for great thankfulness, on nominations, was the territorial division of 1909. the other hand, that they did not feel called upon, I do not believe that very many of us here realize except in a few and somewhat recent cases, to what a marvelous thing that has been for all our carryon distinctly competitive activities. work during all of these last twenty-five years. I visited a mission field a year ago where sixty de- As to Methodist-Presbyterian cooperation, the nominations and organizations are at work, with outstanding items for all of the years have been scarcely a vestige of comity or cooperation, and three: first, the gradual combination of the two • From The Korea Mission Field, October, 1934. my heart wept for them. There are over 100 de- [121 ]

nominations in China working with relatively few merely Methodists and Presbyterians that watched comity arrangements. The actual total available their step when they met one another in those force of Christian workers in those countries is early days. I've heard the fathers of our work large enough to quit€ fairly cover their whole tell how, when they were forming their first orfield if all the force were used unitedly and co- ganizations, even Presbyterians looked at Presbyoperatively. As it is, possibly a third or even a terians and Methodists at Methodists to be sure half of the force's vitality is used in duplicate or that something was not being put over on them. competitive activity. What a lot of suspicious folks we are anyway! God has been good, however, and, within our sev- When division of mission territory in Korea eral groups, at least, we have gradually come to was actually signed, we could meet one another trust one another absolutely, and the two groups without automatically putting ourselves mentally have also grown together a long way. in an attitude of self-defence. We could rejoice heartily in every victory of our neighbors across C. Council of Protestant Missions. the dividing lines, for their work and ours were one in the most practical possible way. We speak Dr. H. G. Underwood used to tell how in Janof dividing lines but a better name would be uary, 1886, only a few months after he and the "unifying lines," for real heart' unity became pos- Appenzellers and Scrantons arrived, all of the sible through this division of the field. When I two groups met in a prayer service and asked God am willing to trust my brother with half of the to give them souls that very year for their hire. field and believe that he will evangelize it in as Missionary cooperation in Korea began in the one good or better a way than I could, that is real way which will always be effective, cooperation on unity. If we had tried to force organic union we our knees before the Throne. might have secured an external superficial union, with no real union of hearts. As the work developed, there were many in- stances of cooperation between the two Churches. Many times in the last twenty-five years our As early as 1893, there was a set of Comity Rules Korean brethren on each side of the lines have drawn up as a general guide. In 1905, we form€d wanted to break through. The grass outside the the General Evangelical Council. It looked as pasture always appears to be sweeter than any- though there would be almost at once one single thing inside the fence. We've had very few such union Church in Korea. Our Committees wrote breakings forth and they have always been for us a possible Polity and a suggested Creed. quickly corrected. It is a marvel that we have Then the two Korean Churches were founded and not had a hundred times more breakings through. our hour of opportunity was gone. And yet what possible excuse could any of us have given to our Lord if we had broken through when We've had our Federal Council, however, for everyone of us had within his own boundaries far nearly twenty years and it would be difficult to more than he could ever evangelize within his life over-estimate what it has done for us all. Sometime? times, when we come to this Council, there are not very many live subjects up for debate, and we As these recurrent movements for breaking wonder if it is all worth while. We've already down our division lines have come from time to cut down our voting membership because we time, I have trembled a bit for what might happen thought that it cost too much. If we ever stop some day. A new generation is with us which this Council I believe that it will be a disaster to has nev€r learned the wastefulness and the heart- all our work. We can learn to like people and breaks that go with unrestricted competition in work with them only if we know them. Wholly religious work. I do not think that there is any apart from the many important actions which we greater service that our missionary body can do take here year after year as a body, in relation to our Korean Churches than to teach and reteach, to the Government, or in connection with social to emphasize and reemphasize, what the Lord has or educational or evangelistic movements, the done for Korea on territorial division lines. Only Council pays enormous dividends in making the evil one himself could possibly get an atom, friendships and bringing mutual understandings. of profit from the breaking of those lines. D. The National Council of Churches. E. Organic Union. This Council was our next large venture in co- The second important step that we have taken operation, and it ought to do for our Korean in cooperation was the gradual gathering together friends what the Federal Council has done for us of the two Methodist groups in their Council and and more.' Many of us have not given of ourthen into organic union, and the similar gathering selves enough as yet to make that Council what it of the Presbyterian groups in their Council and ought to be. For the last two or three years, in then in their self-governing Church. It wasn't spite of the many useful actions which that Coun-

1935J FIFTY YEARS OF COOPERATION IN CHOSEN

cil has taken, the groups seem to be growing same time show the benefits of all forms of coop- apart. We need to get into that Council in the eration. Briefly, those benefits as I see them, are spirit of Dr. Underwood's prayer of 1886, and as follows: must do it at once or that Council will fail. 1. There has been a great saving in working E. The Work for Koreans in Japan. force through territorial division. Each Church having but half the field to cover has not needed This work is now being reported to the Na- so many workers and ha~ been able to work its tional Council but it existed long before that field more intensively, with a smaller force.

Council was thought of, and is one of our out- 2. There has been an immense financial saving standing adventures in cooperation, in evangelism. in salaries and buildings and other forms of equip- The work began as a united work in 1912 and has ment.

therefore been running for 22 years. The six 3. There has been an immense increase in effi- Missions in Korea and the two Korean Churches. ciency for every active worker caused by the realong with the Canadian Presbyterian Church's lief from tension which everyone used to feel Mission in Japan and about ten of the Japan Mis- when he had to be on the defensive all the time sions, have cooperated in this work. During this against his brethren. last year three missions have been compelled to withdraw their support and all cooperating 4. There has been a great increase of mutual agencies have diminished their gifts, so we've had confidence and love and we've been able to pray to recall two of our three men there and diminish unreservedly for one another as we could not do the work by 50%. That work could never have before we had the divisions. begun except for cooperation. It would have been a crime to have put two denominational churches 5. Each of our great Churches has been able to there in the early years and to have each of those work out its own unique policies unhindered and ten Japan Missions running small groups of local then each has been able to share with his neigh- Koreans in each of their several neighborhoods. bor the benefits of his free experimentation. By uniting we have built up a strong Church of some fifty congregations, and we have ten pastors 6. Each of our groups has been able to use disthere and a dozen or more other salaried workers. cipline in the work of training the believers, and It is easy in that Church to see the benefits of thereby maintain standards and ideals of conduct cooperation. which would otherwise have been impossible.

7. Each of our groups has been able to develop its own theological standards and to adapt them to this Eastern world without interference.

F. Cooperation in Religious Education. 8. Each group has had the spur of brotherly competition across the line where our activities In the 1925 National Sunday School Conven- have run parallel, and each in his own field could tion it was reported that we had 121,000 enrolled try to excel the victories of his brother without in all the Sunday schools of Korea. In 1929, taking anything from him. 254,000 were reported, a gain of over 100%. In 1933, 369,000 were enrolled, again a gain of over 9. Each group has had the advantage of disin- terested brotherly criticism from across the line 50 %. It is not difficult to see the benefits of co- when he has grown slack in his activities.

operation. These are a few of the great benefits coming Two years ago the subsidy received by the from the sorts of cooperation which we have had in Korea. We should give thanks every day for Korea Sunday School Association from America these blessings which the Lord has given to us. was largely withdrawn, so that each of our denominations has been thrown upon its own resources and we have had to set up denominational Boards tl of our own. For a large part of the work, how- KAGAWA',S WISH, , ever, we stin have cooperation, as to lessons prep- I want to be ever a chHd. . '.' aration, conventions, the Children's Magazine, etc., and we hope that the new arrangement may I want to feel an eternal friendship flf>tthe rainnot imperil the many benefits which we have al- drops, the flowers, the insects~ the. srtowflakes.

ready received. I want to be keenly interested in everything, with mind and muscle ever alert, forgetting my G. Cooperation in Institutions. troubles in the next moment.·, , The benefits of cooperation in colleges and med- The stars and the sea, the ponds and the trees, ical work are too obvious to catalog. I think, however that we can realize especially what the the birds and the animals are my comrades. benefits 'are that have come from territorial division. In indicating those benefits, we at the Though my muscles may stiffen, though my skin may wrinkle, may I never find myself yawning at life. '

and Communism in Japan*

By HELEN TOPPING Secretary to Dr. T oyohiko Kagawa TAST year a granddaughter of the famous attitude, but not fully understanding the Christian L Prince Iwakura was imprisoned on a charge way, she came again to be taught. Dr. Kagawa of communism. After her release she com- told her of a young man, employed in one of the mitted suicide. In happy contrast to this tragedy University Students Cooperatives, who had also is the story of the young woman whom I found been arrested and imprisoned as a communist sus- talking with Dr. Kagawa. She had been waiting pect. He came to report his complete change of since early morning to see him, for a stream of heart and to apologize for having caused Dr.

callers had occupied him. She wished plenty of Kagawa such embarrassment. Many young peo- time, and he intended to give her all she needed. ple go through the same experience. Dr. Kagawa For she had recently been released from more said: "The Christian way is very unpopular with than a year's imprisonment for communism. She the young people because it does not have revolu- was arrested when about half way through her tion in it. But this is the way that all must come course at the Woman's Higher Normal School. As to eventually for real economic reconstruction.

a day pupil, she had been very useful to the com- There is no other way."

munists' organization in carrying communications to and from the school. Even her younger sister, though quite ignorant of what she was carrying, WE ARE MAKING GOD'S NEW WORLDt was expelled from her school because she had a By REV. JAY H. SMITH, Belgaum communist paper in her possession which she had been asked to deliver. The elder sister was also Come forth, ye men of every race and nation! converted to communism through her Normal- We are making God's new world for all the sons of men; Our hearts unite in daring expectation, School sister and was imprisoned for a time, then· For the matchless Lord of Life doth tread this earth again. Behold, He comes as first He came released because of her recantation. The father To write upon the hearts of men in words of living flame is an agriculturalist with a doctor's degree. He His Spirit of Heroic Love, raises dahlias, but the dahlias have not been sell- That one redemptive purpose through this age may move! ing well recently and the family had great hopes of this brilliant daughter when, after graduation, Awake, 0 sons of privilege and power, she could earn a good salary as a teacher. They For the dispossessed of earth to God for justice cry! were making every sacrifice to help her through Let eager hands restore their rightful dower her education. When she plunged them all into Lest the clamour of our greed His Providence deny. The last, the least, the lost are ours; such dire distress, the mother came in tears to Mrs. To their emancipation we devote our ardent powers.

Kagawa who gave her Dr. Kagawa's books to read While they are bound can we be free? and told her to tell the two sisters in prison that The knights of service choose the nobler liberty.

there was a better way of solving social problems We build a world of justice fired with love, than through communism. When the elder sister Where the common good inspires the deep concern of all; was released, Mrs. Kagawa arranged for her to go Where Christly spirits through our markets move, to Dr. Kagawa's Farmers' Gospel School near And all our councils own His Kingdom's sovereign call; Kobe where she helped with serving the meals. A world of truth, a world of good, The girl returned transformed, saying she had A world where beauty's symphony is crowned in brothernever in her life had such a happy time. Now, hood; For this we live, for this we die, through Kagawa's introduction, she is serving at And blending strength with Strength Divine we bring it nigh. the Imperial University Y. M. C. A.

The second sister was not so easily converted. Though lust of power may shake its sinews gory She told Dr. Kagawa that even though her mother We hold ourselves for Thee all loyalties above.

did tell her, while in prison, of the Christian way Though storms of hate may rage in empty glory of saving society, she had been stubborn and not In the splendor of the Dawn we see Thy cross of love. impressed. Since her release, however, she has With healing rays it gleams afar, been attending church, and having personal con- And radiates its deathless hope from star to flaming star. tact with Dr. Kagawa. A change has come in her We march with Thee where martyrs trod, Till all the sons of men become the sons of God.

• From The Kagawa Fellowship Bulletin. t Reprinted from The Baptist MiSSionary Review, India.

[124 ]

Present,Day Problems in Missions*

-..ufll By DELAVAN L. PIERSON llJie– PROBLEMS, difficult problems, are among the teaching and products. But there is one cause . factors that make life worth living. Even for encouragement – we are not content with great disappointments may prove to be God's things as they are, even in America, and we are appointments to point out the way He would have trying with God's help to solve our problems and us go. Every age has its problems, its crises and to better conditions. its critics who think everything is wrong and doomed to failure, unless we follow the critic's Christian missions, in America and overseas, advice. There are today problems in interna- have always· presented an abundance of difficultional affairs and in national life, the youth prob- ties and problems, and never more so than today. lem, crime wave problem, marriage problem, We will consider only a few related to foreign church problem, economic and social problems, work. Home missions have equally important missionary problems. They are a sign of life and problems and difficulties of their own, which are make life interesting. worthy of special study.

Some of our difficulties and failures are due to Fifty years ago there was a recognized crisis in ignorance, some to lack of energy, some to narrow foreign missions. This was due to the fact that views, or the fact that we are too much occupied there were many and great unevangelized fields, with petty, unimportant activities. For the solu- while the forces to occupy them were woefully inion of any great problem we need a clear vision of adequate. At the same time there was prospect God and His will for mankind. We also need a of rich harvests if we could take advantage of comprehensive view of the world-its needs and open doors. The opposition of most non-Chrisopportunities; we need a true conception of the ti,an governments and the hostile attitude of nongoal toward which we are working; and we should Christian religious leaders also called for earnest know how to use the forces available. What a prayer and generous support to overcome the wonderful help it would be if, in the midst of the difficulties. There were few volunteers for forstruggle, we could sometimes detach ourselves and eign service and funds were lacking to carry on view the conflict from the outside to gain perspec- the work. There was great need to arouse the tive and proportion and a right estimate of values! Church at home before it was too late. There were then less than 10,000 Protestant missionaries and In Benares, India, I went through the bazaar the total money given annually to the work abroad with the Rev. J. Chadwick Jackson who has mar- was not more than ten million dollars. That crisis ried an Indian wife and has become as an Indian was met with Christian courage and devotion. to the Indians that he may win them for Christ. The Church was aroused to pray and give and We stopped at a shop to look at some trinkets and send. In answer to prayer and faithful witnessthe Indian shopkeeper recognizing me as a stran- ing new doors opened, hostility decreased, the ger, asked Mr. Jackson (speaking in Urdu which number of volunteers multiplied, the Student Vol- I did not understand) : unteer Movement was organized, and the foreign missionary force more than doubled. Later the "Where does this man come from ?" awakening of the laymen caused gifts to flow into "From America," replied Mr. Jackson. mission treasuries so that the annual receipts in- "Oh, that is hell," said the shopkeeper. creased more than fourfold. New interest was "Why so?" asked my friend, wondering how awakened and spread throughout the Church as clearly the Indian understood conditions in Amer- a result of increased knowledge disseminated ica. through the Ecumenical Conference in 1900. "Well," said the shopkeeper, "they tell us America is down there" (pointing down), "and hell is Today we face a new crisis, and a different also down there, so they must be the same." series of problems in foreign mission work. Some At times we are tempted to think the Indian of these are due to changes at home and others to was not far wrong and we can see why, holding changes on the fi·eld. Let us look at only four or this view, Indians may hesitate to accept our five.

be: t9;~3/ead at the meeting of Philadelphia Presbytery. Novem- 1. There are still unevangelized fields such as the large areas in Central Africa, Central Asia, [125 ]

the interior of South America and the great island particular task. Any talent or training that better of New Guinea. The number of non-Christians fits a man to win others to Christ is desirable.

is greater today than it was fifty years ago, though Others are of doubtful value to a missionary. If the proportion of Christians is larger. But the there is ever a choice between sending out Christ- greatest problem today is how to evangelize the like Spirit-filled evangelists who are not highly un-Christian areas in the life of every nation and trained technically, or sending as missionaries every individual. How are we to bring Christ those who are well equipped mentally and with into control of politics and education, business technical skill, but who lack in spiritual qualifica- and pleasures, social life and the home? Even the tions, we do not hesitate to say that the former Church, in many cases, needs to be evangelized. are far preferable and more effective. In fact the This can only be done through the regeneration latter should not be sent in any case. If a man has of the individual. Godless communism, socialism not experienced the "new birth"; if he has not and other misguided philosophies are today clos- clearly heard the call of God to witness for Him; ing doors that were formerly open to Christian if he has not a true love for the souls of men and evangelists. We need, not less evangelism, but a keen sense of their need for Christ as Saviour more than fifty years ago. New conditions pre- and Lord, then we have no business to send such sent new problems and call for earnest prayer a man, no matter what the need or what his other and sacrificial devotion to the cause of Christ, qualifications. But we occasionally met well-edu- with a clear conviction of men's need for Him. cated missionaries on the field who seemed to feel The Problem of Personnel uninterested in meeting with other missionaries for prayer and some confessed their failure to 2. Linked to this is the problem of how to en- speak to non-Christians about their need for list more adequate missionary forces for the work. Christ as Saviour. In one mission college, an The quality of the personnel is always a most im- earnest Indian Christian was asked about the in- portant factor in any enterprise – commercial, fluence of the missionary teachers in winning stu- business or religious. While the number of work- dents to Christ. He replied: ers is still woefully inadequate for the task, the "The former president did much personal work, greatest problem is to secure young men and for that was his chief aim in life. He made a women spiritually equipped for the work. The practice of speaking to each student at least once Student Volunteer Movement and other agencies' a year, tactfully presenting the claims of Christ.

have rendered remarkable service and yet forty The result was seen in the attitude of the faculty ye~rs' study of this subject, and observations at and in the whole student body. They thought that home and on the field, convince me that undue if this meant so much to the president, whom they emphasis has often been placed on the need for honored for his learning and his loving service, specialized intellectual and vocational training for then it must be very important." The president particular phases of the work and too little em- who succeeded him was very capable but was so phasis on the prime need for spiritual equipment busy with organization, with finances, and with and experience before workers are sent to the field. lectures and surveys and reports, that he had little On the foreign field I met missionaries of over or no time for personal Christian work. The re- twenty-five denominational boards and independ- sults were manifest.

ent societies. One – not a Presbyterian – when Thank God there are many mission colleges like asked about the spiritual results of the work, an- those at Teheran, Persia, and Pyengyang, Korea, swered rather impatiently: "I have nothing to do that still put evangelism and Christian training with that. I'm not an evangelist; I am an edu- first where it belongs, while educational standards cationalist." are not neglected. There are many mission hos- Thank God, I believe this feeling is not general pitals, like that founded by Dr. William Wanless but it is present in some whom the churches at in West India, where the doctor's first interest is ,home have sent out as messengers of Christ. We in the eternal welfare of his patients, while at the believe that a missionary doctor should be a same time he lovingly and skilfully ministers to 'skilled and devoted physician and surgeon, and their physical needs. Would to God that this that a missionary teacher should be as good a could be said of every mission hospital and every teacher as possible for the pupils under his or her educational institution! How to make our institu- care; but the great problem today is to find and tional work truly Christian and at the same 'time send well qualified doctors, nurses, teachers, and effectively evangelistic is one of the present-day social workers who are at the same time and pri- problems.

marily effective evangelists; whose first and high- 3. Another present-day problem is presented in est aim is to win people to Christ by life and per- the development of indigenous churches on the sonal witness, as well as by serving at their own mission fields. Fifty years ago most of these were

PRESENT-DAY PROBLEMS IN MISSIONS

young, feeble and struggling; almost none was tional mission work. There has been a tendency self-supporting or self-governing. Their prob- in the past quarter of a century to build up large lems were problems of infancy and childhood. and more or less elaborate institutions that ap- Today they have grown in numbers, strength and peal to large givers at home and to the governinfluence. Many are independent. But with ments on the field but that sometimes tend to comgrowth have come new problems-,–the problems of promise and are not effective as evangelizing youth. They desire independence but are with- agencies. On our recent world tour, we visited out the experience and training to make that bene- over one hundred and fifty missions of forty difficial. Many of their leaders ask to be supported ferent societies in twenty-eight countries. We by foreign funds but wish to control their own saw some mission institutions built like palaces affairs. With increased membership, factions at great expense-an evidence of faith and genhave asiren to divide the churches. In South India erosity on the part of the founders, but of doubt- -and even in the north-some congregations have ful wisdom from a missionary point of view. perpetuated the Hindu caste system. We were They put American missions in the limelight, and told of one congregation of low caste Christians their equipment compares well in some respects that refused to allow their pastor to serve con- with similar institutions in America but they are verts from the "untouchables." When a request too far above the level of the people they serve was made to allow "outcaste" Christians to use and could not be maintained by them if foreign their church for worship, the caste members set funds are withdrawn. fire to the homes of these outcastes by way of protest. Even in Korea, that banner field, there is When missionaries first went to these nontoday a growing division between the Presby- Christian lands they offered the only opportunities terians of the Northern and Southern Missions. to the people for modern education. Schools were Each desires control. This is not a simple prob- established to teach people to read the Bible and lem and can only be solved when the Spirit and to prepare them for service. Today the national Mind of Christ have full sway. schools and universities are offering high grade secular education and missionary institutions are Correcting Our Mistakes required to meet government standards. In order to do this, and to receive government subsidies, We realize that mistakes have been made in most of the higher educational institutions, and producing and perpetuating on the foreign fields some lower grade mission schools, are obliged to denominational organization, ideals, ritual, and employ a majority of non-Christian teachers, to methods that have their roots, not in the New fill their rolls with non-Christian students, to in- Testament, but in Occidental lands. We recognize crease expense for up-to-date equipment, and the foolishness of having an American-Chinese- even to compromise in their missionary purpose Dutch-Reformed Church and we all cherish the and Christian teaching. Many of these educational ideal of one United Christian Church. Yet union institutions are so largely made up of non-Chrisand even close cooperation – on the field or at tians that they can with difficulty be recognized as home-present their own problems, when efforts missionary projects, though the Christian spirit are made to unite all churches in a given field, the of helpfulness clearly actuates their Christian basis of union sometimes leaves out what many teachers. Some of the short-term workers sent believe to be important elements of our faith- out from America have proved a positive handicap such as the final authority of the Christian Scrip- from a missionary point of view since they are tures; the necessity for the atonement of Christ not primarily actuated by the missionary motive. on the Cross; or the regeneration of the indi- One Chinese Christian wrote home from the vidual. The present-day problem of the church Christian university he was attending: on the field is the problem of maintaining sound, intelligent faith in a harmonious body, with true "Pray for me. This pla,ce is so comfortable that evidence of spiritual life and growth. How.to I am being spoiled for the hardships of Christ's cooperate with other Christians – without com- work in the interior. There is so little prayer here promise-this problem must be solved through that my spiritual life is in danger of being acceptance of the Bible as our standard of faith starved." and practice, with earnest prayer for the guidance of the Holy Spirit, and by faith working through We do not quote this incident as typical but it love. Formal organic union without spiritual illustrates the problem. unity is worse than useless. This is sometimes proved in individual churches and presbyteries at Today the governments of China, Turkey, home. Japan, Persia, Mexico and other lands are threat- ening to take over all educational work, bringing 4. Related to this problem is that of institu- the mission schools and colleges under national control, obliging them to omit religious instruction (certainly in the lower grades), ;:1.nd in some cases

positively requiring them to teach non-Christian 5. How to awaken and maintain missionary in- or anti-Christian ideals and doctrines. In Mexico terest in the home church is another great prob- every building used for education is declared to lem today, as it always has been. Formerly only be government property and the work conducted those Christians most vitally concerned with spir- therein must conform to government standards, itual things, and with the eternal destiny of the which are increasingly anti-Christian. We can human soul, had any interest in foreign mission- see where this will lead when governments are ary work. When missions became more popular, communistic and anti-religious. It is a modern the philanthropic motive was emphasized, many problem. Has not too much money been expended young people responded to the call to go to the and are not too many workers and too much mis- field to train men's minds and save their bodies sionary energy put into large institutions on the without much reference to their souls. The early field. They seem to have absorbed strength that missionaries-like Carey and Morrison, Verbeck should be put into the primary work of making and Livingstone-did not overlook the need for Christ known and in training Christians for His saving the whole man, body, mind and soul, both service among their own people. When a cut in for time and eternity, but to them the soul was the mission budget is necessary, the evangelistic supreme. The change in theological views at home work usually suffers most because the institu- is largely responsible for the change in the main tional work is more complicated and more difficult missionary motive and the lessening of mission- to curtail. ary interest. How can we secure and send out Equipment VS. Life consecrated missionaries, eager to win people to An example of the relation of evangelism to Christ and depending on the leadership and power elaborate institutional programs is illustrated in of the Holy Spirit, when some colleges and even the case of two missions working in the same ter.. seminaries in America teach that regeneration is ritory-one denominational and one independent not necessary, that Jesus is divine only in a larger -and plenty of room for both. A denominational degree than other men, that there was no necesmissionary wished to reach out to evangelize more sity for Christ's atonement for sin, and that after unoccupied territory. His board – which is not all the Bible is a series of human documents, far extravagant – replied that no funds were avail- from an infallible guide; that human judgment able for additional workers and new stations:, must decide on what is true or false. Why should The missionary resigned, joined an independent people at home make sacrifices to go or send if mission on a lower salary and soon went out to the they do not believe in Christ as their Saviour and field with nineteen new missionaries to establish Lord and also that He is the only hope for sufferten new stations. Is there not a temptation to ing and sinning humanity? The Church at home spend too much money to "dig in" for the sake of must be convinced as to the infallibility of the Word of God if we are to have any enthusiasm what we consider permanency? While it is im- about sending out messengers to give the essential portant to establish some strong centers and to Good News to others. How can we expect the men do thorough work, we are too often inclined to of our churches to be interested in missions if they insist that denominational work shall be done on are not fully surrendered Christians and if they too elaborate a scale, sometimes with equipment are not informed Christians. Many of them do and salaries that do not call for enough sacrificial not even hear one missionary address a year and service. Are we not in danger of making the mis- read no missionary books or magazines! They takes of thinking that substantial equipment rep- are simply ignorant on the subject and read more resents permanent and substantial work-both in our churches at home and abroad? The building anti-missionary stuff than tpey read articles that of a new and elaborate church building too often are well-informed. The same is true of the youth. is coincident with a decline in spiritual effective- The communists today, though misguided, set us ness. The one thing most essential for perman- an example of devotion to their cause by their conence and strength in mission work is spiritual vi- viction and passion and self-sacrifice. They study tality. Without that any work is dead; with that, and go out to propagate their views even at the and the guidance and blessing of God, any work, risk of their lives.

however small and poorly equipped, is worthwhile One church in America which, when it was and is sure to succeed. The first Century missions small and- growing and worshiping in a small were conducted with the most primitive organiza- chapel, undertook to support a missionary at a tion and equipment and at a minimum of expense, real sacrifice. Their pastor was a missionary- and yet the results show the power of God and the minded leader. They prayed and studied and gave wisdom of God. The present-day decline in mis- generously. God blessed them. When under a sionary income has, in many cases, proved a real new pastor they built a large church and their spiritual blessing. budget for local expenses increased fivefold, their

missionary ardor cooled and some began to say, the relation of foreign mIssIOnaries to national "we give too much to the heathen, we need to look workers, and problems of how to develop an inafter our heavy expenses at home." The Church digenous Christianity that will be vitally Chrisbecame sick and weak and showed their need for tian in faith, spirit and activity, but unhampered "the missionary diet." If we are not interested by foreign paraphernalia. in saving others we are scarcely worth being saved. There is a church in Cleveland, with a The early Church had its problems and made pastor who has no stated salary and receives about mistakes. Every Epistle of the New Testament, $2,000 a year, but that church supports twelve as well as the Acts and Revelation, deals frankly missionaries and most of the money comes in small with them, but the Apostles of Christ were not gifts from people who are poor in this world's discouraged-neither are we for, like them, we begoods but rich in faith and love and good works. lieve in Jesus Christ as our Lord and Saviour; we believe in the Holy Spirit as our Guide and *** Helper, and we believe that in proportion as we are "steadfast and unmovable, always abounding We might mention many other problems were in the work of the Lord, our labor is not in vain there time. There are the problems of missionary in the Lord." administration, at home and on the field; the problem of how to develop a missionary minded- (The second part of this paper deals with ness in the rising generation; the problem of the "Some Present-Day Encouragements in Foreign relation of missions to governments; problems of Missions." It will appear in our April number.) SOME JAPANESE IDEAS OF CHRISTIANITY In a Japanese magazine, edited by a Japanese Congregational minister of Tokyo, two questions were asked: 1. In what points is Christianity superior to other religions?

2. What is the greatest mission of Christianity to modern Japan?

Here are some of the answers, mostly to the first question: Naoshi Kato, editor of the Kuristikyo Sekai (Christian World) says: "Christianity emphasizes the value and dignity of personality. Religiously, morally, politically and literally, we lack this emphasis."

Professor Keiji Ashida, of Doshisha College: "We lack today a strong religious faith with ethical colors, and a strong idea of personality. Christianity must supply these."

The late Bishop Honda, of the Methodist Church: "The belief in God's fatherhood and man's sonship."

Masanori Oshima (not a Christian), editor of an educational review: "In doctrines, Christianity is not superior to Buddhism. But Christianity is far more ethical and practical than the latter."

The Rev. Seizo Abe, a Congregational preacher: "The unparalleled personality of Jesus Christ."

Professor Tomeri Tanimoto (not a Christian), of the Kyoto University: "The revolutionistic spirit of Christianity, and its emphasis on human personality."

Dr. Eun Mayeda, an eminent Buddhist, and lecturer at the Tokyo Imperial University: "The practical social work of salvation and help. Buddhism is learning this."

The editor sums it all up, the following points of Christianity being looked upon as superior: the transcendent and yet immanent idea of God; the value and dignity of human beings; the highly ethical and social nature of Christianity (morally, especially the purification of motives); the Christ-centric idea. Some more commingling of thought with it may be necessary for us. The future Christianity of Japan will be something different from that of the West, without losing its fundamental character.

*** These Japanese replies are far from complete or satisfying to the Christian who takes the New Testament view of Christianity. None of these Japanese point out the fact that Jesus Christ is the only adequate and true revelation of God and that He offers the only. salvation from sin and the way of life eternal. Through Christ only comes the power to live the life of victory.-EDITOR.

Lepers With a Chinese Doctor*

-4111 By LADY HOSIE IIJ;o- W HEN she lived in India Lady Willingdon en-who respected and looked up to them. One became greatly interested in a Leper Asy- of the men had been a professional acrobat, and lum, which is called by her name. Later on our arrival he gave a display of his prowess, she was interested in a leper hospital that British standing on his head and doing somersaults for missionaries founded in Hankow, China. While our entertainment. The doctors encourage all pos- others went looking round the hospitals and sible muscular activity, as it helps the lepers schools there, we went to visit this Leper Asylum morally and physically. Lady Willingdon, with a with Dr. Duncan Main, its founder and mainstay. kind word, dropped gifts into each leper's hand.

It is one of the few asylums for lepers in China Meanwhile I made the acquaintance of Dr.

and Lady Willingdon wanted to compare it with Wang, Dr. Main's assistant. He was a man of others she had visited in India. The Prince of about thirty, clad in the long grey Chinese schol- Wales said that he might forget the grown-up ar's gown; of no great physique, but with an lepers' misery, but he could never forget the look amazing sweetness and serenity in his quiet eyes.

on the leper children's faces. He is now the Pres- A sort of heavenly candor shone in him, a spir- ident of the Leper Relief Society of the British itual illumination which nobody could mistake. He Empire. told me something of the treatment of leprosy. If I had never seen a leper and my heart failed a leper comes to the hospital before his leprosy me at the thought of visiting them. To her, lepers has been developed seven years, the doctors can were like many other fellow human beings, to be check the disease. The injections will not restore cheered by a little attention from the outside a finger or nose, or bring elasticity back to a world; liking small kindnesses as do other sick solidified joint; but the disease can be arrested- folk, and especially entitled to them considering at least for some years, perhaps longer. There is the awfulness of their affliction. She sent to a hope that the day may come, with research, when Chinese confectioner's for packets of sweet cakes the patient can return to life in the community.

and dainties, wrapped in the gay red paper proper In China, as yet, there has been no law making in China, one packet for each of the seventy lepers. any disease notifiable. Public Health is only be- There are two homes connected with the hos- ginning to be a matter for public attention. We pital, one for men, the other for women, on the in the West have had more scientific doctoring hillside overlooking Hangchow lake, with its boats than the Orient and more understanding of the and white sails and curving parapeted bridges. dangers of infection. When Chinese become lep- Dr. Main thought lepers should have lovely sur,- ers, they usually seek the neighborhood of temples; roundings, even more than other folk. One of the they lie on the temple paths exposing their sores accusations brought against him by the ultra- and misery to move hearts of the compassionate Nationalists was that he, a foreigner, had bought and draw a coin. How else can the leprous father up the best sites round the lake.. They were waste of a household keep his family going? When a land before, and are now being used for hospitals patient came to the hospital on whom the dreadful and convalescent homes and leper asylums. But disease was discovered, Dr. Main had not the Hangchow nowadays is developing into a summer heart to send him away. He determined to grapresort for rich Chinese from Shanghai-and 10, ple with the problem. Hence the asylum. Yet it the lepers have the finest views. is of their own free will that his patients remain The lepers, knowing of our coming, had put on under its roofs. Many of their fellows cannot their clean clothes, and those who could awaited bring themselves to give up lying about the temple us on the veranda. Even among lepers, social precincts: the free life a beggar, though it means distinctions weigh. Two of the women had put on rags and pain and lack of attention, is a more fresh tunics of silk. They came from genteel paying proposition.

homes, and spoke differently from the other wom- Unspeakably bitter must it be to leave wife and child and human intercourse and enter for ever, • Quoted from "The Portrait of a Chinese Lady" by Lady Hosie. confessedly a leper, into a segregated colony. It Published by William Morrow and Son, New York.

[ 130 ] speaks much for Dr. Main's influence that there looked so clean, so wholesome. I put my head were no unscaleable high walls or locked gates to against the bricks and wept.

that asylum and the lepers rarely disobey the ad- The others had gone up the hill, to the Tuber- vice not to go beyond a certain point lest they culosis Sanatorium at the top. Dr. Wang waited bring harm on those outside. It is an appalling beside me, looking at me weeping. I tried to sidelight on Chinese poverty, and Chinese igno- murmur apologies for breaking down. He quietly rance about disease, that poor folk from the peas- stood by and looked at me. Then presently he put antry around have climbed over the asylum wall his hand on my arm. He broke the silence, and and stolen lepers' clothing. this is what he said: "T'a,i T'a,i: only Christ can It was evident that the lepers loved Dr. Main help those poor people. But he does help them." and Dr. Wang. One of the difficult symptoms of I took his hand, English fashion, and from the leprosy is that the moral sense, owing to physical bottom of my heart answered: causes is apt to become perverted. Lepers, for "And you are truly His disciple."

instance, in Africa, are subject to ungovernable He gave a little smile, and we went on to see fits of black rage, which sometimes lead to mur- his tubercular wards. They were not easy to visit der in a leper colony. Yet here were these Hang- for many of the sufferers had come to hospital chow lepers living peaceably together on the far too late.

whole. Ah, but a large proportion of them had I have heard of Dr. Wang. Three months after become Christians! Two were baptized that very our visit his wife died of typhoid, and he was Sunday morning of our visit. left with two children.

We came to a ward where one elderly man, "My poor friend is in sore grief," wrote Dr. with a fellow-leper sitting beside to help him, lay Main who himself retired to England soon after semi-comatose. The footsteps of Dr. Main and this, for he had reached the age of seventy. Lady Willingdon had roused him, and he was raising his head with its sightless eyes an inch from "The lepers came to see us off at the station," his pillow. One glance at his face, and I knew he told me later, "those that could walk the disthat his spirit was loosening its bands. Dr. Wang tance, men and women." Once more they put on stopped and told him, for he was wondering evi- their best clothes, and, keeping in a little band to dently at the footsteps, that some foreign guests themselves, walked through the streets and on to had come to pay a visit and bring gifts. Then Dr. the station platform. The medical school, pastors, Wang looked seriously at me and whispered, school boys and girls, all were there in flocks to "Speak to him. He is dying. Soon nobody will see off this man they loved and his wife whom be able to do anything for him." My heart nearly they loved also, for she had been an equal worker. failed. What could I possibly say? This was beyond speech. But the Chinese doctor kept his "The last people we saw when the train left eyes earnestly on me. That Eastern Christian, so were our lepers," he said. "There they were, wavshort a time a Christian, took it for granted that ing their stumps of arms, the tears running down any woman from the West, with its long tradi- their disfigured faces. Tears ran down my cheeks tion in the Faith, would answer to his call. too. And Dr. Wang was standing by them, look- ing sorrowfully after us." So I steadied my voice, and lifting my head called to the dying leper, with the politeness which When the Nationalists first came to Hangchow, China teaches: they took down the Ten Commandments from the Lord's Table and put up the portrait of Sun Yat "Elder Brother, art thou at peace?" Sen instead. They earmarked the mission hos- pitals for special rigor. They made some attempt And from that frame almost unrecognizable as to keep the Leper Asylum going: but a number human, with an affected tongue and from a lipless of the lepers, fearing them, fled to their homes, mouth, came a voice back to me, cracked yet stead- taking their disease with them. Those who refast: mained wrote sad letters of the treatment which "Yea, at peace, at peace. And I shall soon see they were given.

my Lord." One of the complaints which the lepers in the "The Heavenly Father support thee!" I called asylum made at the oncoming armies was that again. they were forbidden not only to hold services but Unconquerable, wonderful spirit of man-truly to sing hymns. They would quaver away now and a candle lit by the Lord! Exult, oh dust and then, to keep their courage up. "Jesus Christ,"

ashes! said one poster in the streets of Hangchow during I went out with Dr. Wang, clattering down that period, "was born in Palestine, which is some wooden steps. The sun was shining. We under British mandate: and therefore He must came to a gate and a boundary wall. The bricks be a British Imperialist." Another informed the

citizens that Christ and Plato, on whom Western China. The first thinks greatness means possescivilization was built, died two thousand years sions and power, which must be maintained by ago: so what had Western civilization to give to show of military capabilities. The second is char- Modern China? Nay, one poster ran, "Down with acterized by suspicion, of every other nationality, Heaven! It is a dream"-in which case lepers and is susceptible to every imaginary pin-prick: certainly should not be permitted to sing about it. this sort is pervaded by race-consciousness, as the modern parlance has it. The third has discovered And the lepers' second complaint was: "They that the only measure of greatness is the measure have ringed us around with barbed wire!" So of service rendered to the world: that there is they wrote, and wrote again and again as if in no other greatness at all in any nation except that tears. which says, "I am among you as One that serv- eth." Barbed wire! Ah, what it has meant to this generation! Dr. Wang belonged to this last class. It is not so small or select as one might imagine. That Dr. Wang, because he had worked under a mis- barbed wire has been taken down now, and he is sionary society, was a Christian, and remained back with his lepers again, Dr. Wang-the leper steadfast to his foreign friends, nearly lost his doctor of Hangchow. I suppose he has his faults life, and had finally to flee to Shanghai. Yet Dr. and deficiencies, but I did not see them. Wang is a NationaIist. It seems there are three classes of Nationalists· in the world-not only in JAPANESE CHRISTIAN WORK OVERSEAS* The Japanese Government in 1932, reported 760,000 citizens of Japan residing in other countries. Besides 335,685 Japanese in Manchukuo (out of a population of 33,500,000), there were 120,908 in Hawaii, 100,128 in Continental United States, 20,989 in Canada, 5,832 in Mex- ico, and 19,572 in the Philippines. There were 116,647 in the coffee~producing provinces of Brazil, and 20,535 in Peru. In the Straits Settlements there were 6,833, and in the Dutch East Indies, 6,369. In China proper there were 54,965. In most of these countries, except the United States and Canada, there has been a considerable increase since 1932.

The Japanese Christian work for J apariese in foreign countries began about thirty years ago. Though the number of churches in other lands established through the direct efforts of Christians in Japan is small, most of these churches are successful and self-supporting. There have been many Japanese churches established as a result of mission work undertaken by Christians in the United States and Canada, (87 in Continental United States, 30 in Hawaii, and 12 in Canada). Churches established by the Japanese Christians for the benefit of their nationals overseas include the following: In Korea, 59 Japanese churches; in Manchukuo, 32; in Formosa, 34. The first church organized by the churches of Japan for Japanese abroad was in Tientsin, China, in 1903. At present Japanese Congregationalists are carrying on work in Tsingtau, China, Peiping and Shanghai. Rev. M. Furuya, long pastor of a Japanese church in Los Angeles, is the pastor of the Shanghai church. The Japanese churches in China have been almost self-supporting from the beginning. There is also a Japanese church in Hong- kong and one in Singapore.

More than 120,000 Japanese had emigrated to Brazil before the Brazilian Government stopped the rapid inflow of Oriental settlers. One church has been organized in Sao Paolo, with two ministers for that compact Japanese community. The twenty thousand Japanese in Peru have only one lay Christian worker and his wife.

The. newest and most successful work of the Christian churches in Japan for their nation- als oVer&eas is in the Philippines. It is about three years since a Japanese evangelist began work at Davao. In a year and a half he had baptized sixty persons and built a church.

Apparently the only Japanese work among non-Japanese which has been very success- ful has been that in the mandated South Sea Islands, where the Japanese Congregationalists have been carrying on the work formerly under the American Board and a German mission ever since 1919. Within the boundaries of Ponape, a former American Board field, there are 13 native evangelists, 2,100 Christians and 9 congregations. In the Summer Islands of Truk there are 18 native evangelists, 3,392 Christians and 19 congregations. In the Autumn Is- lands of Truk there are 7 evangelists, 1,248 Christians and 7 congregations.

In the effort to extend the Christian work among Japanese overseas, the Christians in Japan have recently organized a Mission Board for Overseas Work.

• Condensed from an article in the Japanese Christian Year Book, 1933, by Rev. M. Kohayashi, formerly executive secretary of the Japanese Interdenominational Evangelistic Association on the Pacific C(}ast.->George W. Hinman.

A Witness for Christ in

A letter from A. MAIR, Chinkiang, Kiangsu Missionary of the China Inland Mission, 1907- My FRIEND, Hsieh Meng Tseh, is unique. strenuously resisted the invitation, but on learn- I have never met another man exactly like ing that no foreigner would be preaching but only him, nor has anyone else. To know him one of his fellow countrymen he reluctantly is a tonic. Meeting him casually one might fail agreed to go. The Chinese evangelist who spoke to find anything specially striking about his per- to the handful of people little realized that the sonality; but listen to him, watch his face as he seed sown that day would, in the coming years, speaks of the faith that is in him, and you realize result in a rich harvest in every part of China.

that you are in the presence of a man of extraor- "God is love," was Mr. Hu's text and message. It dinary force of character – a man of God. If was an absolutely new idea to Hsieh. Was it there has been any attempt to standardize Mr. possible that God could love human beings? He Hsieh, he certainly will have had a quiet chuckle had read of a Supreme Being in the writings of over it. He is a man with a single purpose-to the sages, but somehow they seemed to know little witness for Christ among his own people and win about Him, and never was He represented as a them to the life which he has proved to be life God of love. Here was light indeed-a conception indeed. that invested life with new meaning! He was His call to this ministry reminds us that God's gripped as he had never been during the course ways are totally different from man's ways. "God of his thirty years.

hath chosen the weak things of the world to con- Many a talk had Hsieh with the evangelist dur- found the things which are mighty; and base ~ng the following days and countless were the things of the world and things which are despised questions he had to ask. There was one matter hath God chosen, yea, and things which are not of vital import which puzzled him and seemed al- to bring to nought things which are." Until he together beyond his understanding. Why was it reached the age of thirty Mr. Hsieh was without necessary for God to send His only Son to this hope and without God. Life to him had always world to suffer such a cruel death on the Cross?

been a serious matter, yet somehow it seemed The evangelist insisted that this was the supreme wholly without aim or meaning. There was some- demonstration of God's love to mankind, but Hsieh thing lacking, and although this seeker after could not fathom the meaning of such a statement.

truth yearned for a revelation somehow beyond "For a whole year," he said, "I pondered the his ken he seemed to get nowhere. meaning of the Cross but seemed to get nowhere.

Ho-Yueh-Chow, a small island town situated on Then one evening God revealed His Son to me.

the Yang-Tsi River, was the place where our I have no explanation as to what happened; I friend first heard the Gospel. He was a money- simply state the facts. In a flash, as it seemed to lender, and his profession brought him into con- me, my room was flooded with light and before tact with all sorts and conditions of people. He me a Cross was upraised, and upon that Cross was heard in a vague sort of way of a strange religion the Son of God. With eyes of love He looked at which foreigners were seeking to propagate me and said, 'I suffered this for you.' When I throughout his native land and, while resenting came to myself I found my face wet with tears; such a palpably foolish proceeding, felt that it and from that hour I have never had the shadow did not concern him in any way. But who could of a doubt as to the necessity of Christ's atoning dream that the foreigners were to come to Ho- death on Calvary for my redemption and the re- Yueh-Chow from Anking, secure a house, and demption of every sinner."

preach every day to crowds of people? Strangest Shortly after this striking revelation which of all, there were folk belonging to the place who changed the current of his life and made him a seemed willing to stake everything on the truth of man with a message and a mission, Mr. Hsieh re- this new religion, and found a positive joy in do- moved to Anking, the provincial capital of Anh- ing so! What did it all mean? wei. His testimony was already proving effec- One day an enquirer asked Mr. Hsieh to ac- tive, for both his wife and mother had become company him to the Gospel Hall. At first he believers in Christ. What he would do in Anking [133 ]

had not yet been decided, but it was clear to him in that wonderful school of faith and service. In that God had a plan for his life, and that resi- Mr. and Mrs. Westwood, Hsieh found understand- dence in Anking formed a necessary part of it. ing friends, and was greatly helped by their kindly He rented a house near the mission compound so encouragement.

that he might have constant opportunities of fel- A Man of the Book lowship and service. But what a cramped, dilapi- dated-looking building was that first home of his! The Scriptures have meant more to Hsieh than Yet he and his were as pleased as if it had been a pen can describe. He has always been a man of palace! A joy unspeakably sweet had come to one Book; and his methods of study have been abide with them and life had become wonderful. peculiarly his own. Commentaries or "helps"

Then came a real testing of faith. Hsieh had con- have never appealed to him. Others might use served as far as possible the money brought from them, but he left them severely alone. "Would it Ho-Yueh-Chow, but it gradually dwindled away not be wise," he was asked on one occasion, "to until little or nothing was left. Although the know what interpretation the commentaries New Year was at hand-China's time of feasting give?" "I like to make my own commentary,"

-this family, for a number of weeks, lived on was the characteristic reply. His method was what was practically pig's food. He spread the simply that of meditation and prayer. He be- needs of himself and his family before the Lord, came steeped in the Scriptures; six or seven and believed that provision would be forthcoming hours of study was his daily routine. His medi- in the right way and at the appropriate time. At tations in the Word of God were to him a matter New Year the Chinese, according to long-estab- of life and death. He believed that God was in lished custom, paste on their doors strips of red need of men with an experimental knowledge of paper bearing suitable mottoes or quotations for Himself through the Word so that they could be the year they have entered. Hsieh expended part ready for anything. The pages of his Bible were of his remaining coppers on red paper, and the covered with notes-the results of his prayerful words written on his cracked and battered door meditation. He was greatly helped by Evangelist were singularly significant – "The House of a Tong, his closest and most understanding friend.

truly rich man." He was able to testify later how He was a man of prayer and, in a rare degree, wonderfully the Lord provided for him during versed in "the deep things of God." The Word of that testing period. God was Tong's very life, and those of us who Soon he was taking part in street chapel work, knew him were keenly conscious of this fact. Un- and here his genius in attracting and influencing like his friend Hsieh, he was always on the out- individuals was early perceived. He was genu- look for books and tracts, written by men of spir- inely interested in people, and those with whom itual insight and experience. How he revelled in he spoke were immediately aware that here was a the biographies of Luther, Miiller, Moody, Spur- man with a truly vital message to impart. Not geon and a host of others! They belonged to a only had he rare understanding of their ordinary fellowship which he joyfully realized was also his, everyday needs and problems but also a peculiar and to view the truth with them from some new insight into the feeling, desire and condition of standpoint was to him a sheer delight. And every their hearts. Sin was ruthlessly exposed and con- fresh discovery became doubly precious when demned and the sovereign remedy invariably pre- shared with his friend and fellow-worker. Thus sented: "Behold the Lamb of God who taketh Hsieh's life became enriched and enlarged away the sin of the world." There was no falter- through fellowship with one who communicated ing in his proclamation of the truth; he himself what he himself had learned of the grace of God had received the revelation, and his supreme pas- from the life and witness of others.

sion was to lead others to the Crucified Saviour. During those early. years Hsieh was truly a Gradually the scope of his service began to "son of Thunder." Full of zeal, and himself widen. He accompanied the missionaries in long wholly consecrated to God, he was amazed when and arduous itineraries in the districts lying others who named the Name of Christ lightly re- north of Anking, and "south of the River" (the garded His claims, and lived as if their own af- Yang-Tsi-Kiang). As they journeyed they dis- fairs were of primary importance. His denuncia- tributed portions of Scripture and tracts, and tions were scathing in the extreme; sin was ex- everywhere-at the wayside, on the ferry-boat, in posed in all its hideousness and utterly condemned.

temples full of idols, inside and outside country Some resented such plain preaching-especially inns, in farmhouse and shop-the Gospel was pro- when the application was of a somewhat personal claimed, and signs followed. Years afterwards, nature-but he fearlessly proclaimed his message, when his name was known in every part of China, believing it would be owned of God in the convic- he used to speak of the priceless benefits received tion and conversion of sinners. I recently heard

A WITNESS FOR CHRIST IN CHINA

him express the opinion that perhaps he was too small in comparison. He was a man who realized fiery and unsympathetic at the beginning of his that the supreme need of his country was a spir- . ministry. Time, however, had given him a larger itual message, and he himself had proved that understanding and a deeper love. And yet in the only effective message to meet the crying need those days he was utterly true to the light that he of every heart, and the problems of every compossessed. His opinions and judgments were munity, was the knowledge of a Crucified Saviour, clear-cut, either white or black, and woe betide the risen and exalted, who could: one who thought otherwise! And yet there was nothing little or mean about him; rather was Break the power of cancelled sin there something unusually arresting-something And set the prisoner free. that marked him as a man who would not falter in his witness for Christ, cost what it might. He During the subsequent years I was privileged to did not toy with opinions; he expressed convic- be in almost daily contact and fell0.wship with Mr. tions. Hsieh. These were for him years of preparation and deepening experience for a wider ministry. ANew Experience He had many difficult lessons to learn but these contributed in no small way to make him the man At this time Hsieh received a new experience he ultimately became. His extraordinary indeof the unsearchable riches of Christ. Dr. Jona- pendence in thought, word and act made it at than Goforth was holding special meetings in the times-especially for the uninitiated-rather diffinorth of China and reports of the marvelous cult to work with him. Those who knew him, and workings of the Holy Spirit in that district appreciated his real motives, were more than willcreated a desire in many hearts throughout China ing to stick to him through thick and thin. His that the work would spread. Hsieh accompanied eldest son, a lad of about ten years of age, con- Mr. Westwood to the province of Honan, and tracted spinal trouble, and the father's tenderness there God met him and spoke to him. From that as he daily carried him into our compound and time there came to him a new accession of power, looked after his comfort was beautiful to see. Sufand his message was charged with fresh unction fering love charged his independent spirit with a and urgency. The awfulness of sin was revealed new sympathy and thus he became the more fitted to him in a new way. He saw men and women to .tell others the message of Calvary. stricken down by the convicting power of the Holy Spirit and crying to God for pardon. He wit- Going Further Afield nessed those same people changed by the transforming touch of God's Spirit, testifying to the Gradually there came to him the realization that possession of a priceless peace which the world God wanted him to go further afield. His centre could not give. Hsieh yielded himself to the Lord would remain Anking, but he would be ready to -body, soul, and spirit-for anything, and thus go wherever the Lord directed. The church at there commenced for him a new spiritual epoch. Anking held a peculiarly sacred place in his heart as it had been to him a spiritual home since he Never shall I forget Hsieh's return to Anking first knew the Saviour. He began to dream of a and its sequel. Trouble had broken out in our city. revival society within the churches, and soon he We were on the eve of great political happenings, had in mind a number of schemes which he longed and it was feared that Anking would be within the to see carried out. It was about this time, while fighting area. Our friends returned from Honan visiting the Province of Hunan, that he met Genjust in time to enter the city before the gates were eral Feng, the Christian General. Feng had evishut. An hour longer and they would have had dently been impressed by the sincerity and indeto wait outside for several days. The following pendent bearing of Hsieh, and invited him to call day was for many a time of acute anxiety, but at his camp that they might have a meal and talk Hsieh was not troubling about it in the least. together. "We had not any grand fare," said Firing began in the evening, and nobody seemed Hsieh to me, recalling the event, "the food was as to know what the outcome was to be. That same plain as it could be-in accordance with the Genevening Hsieh was addressing a gathering of eral's invariable custom-but after dinner we had Christians, and never shall I forget the intensity two hours of Bible reading." Feng was so pleased of feeling with which he spoke of the things which with Hsieh's visit that he pressed him to visit he had seen and heard. His words were punc- him daily while in that locality that they might tuated by the crack of rifles, but he was so ab- study the Word of God together. So for a month sorbed in his subject, and the desire to make or two they met every day, and after each meal known the wonderful vision which had dawned Bibles were produced and Hsieh spoke to the Genupon him, that the events taking place outside- eral of the things of God. Feng fully sympathized events which were the prelude to the fall of a with him in his· desire to commence a school for dynasty and the setting up of a republic-seemed the training of workers in evangelism and offered

a large donation for that puropse. The conditions he was assured that the time had come for his attached to the offer did not satisfy Hsieh, and visit to those country churches. For seven years so the matter was allowed to drop. Years after- he was away from home proclaiming his message wards I heard him express the conviction that in all the Northern Provinces. He arranged his God restrained him from carrying out the project time-table as the Lord directed. Here he would he had then in view as he was not meant to settle spend a few weeks, and there a month or two, down in one place; his parish was to be the whole holding daily meetings for Bible study, and helpof China. ing believers and enquirers by personal talks. In those country places, at certain seasons of the The Revival Society really came to be Mr. Hsieh year, the farmers have little or nothing to do, so himself. In course of time invitations to conduct Hsieh gathered companies together in numberless special meetings reached him from districts far districts and faithfully sowed the seed which has removed from' Anking, and thus began his mis- already brought forth a great spiritual harvest. sionary journeys throughout his. native land. He had not the slightest doubt as to God's leading in His supreme desire is to see Christians wholly the matter; the call came and he obeyed. But he surrendered to the Lord, and his Bible talks are had a wife and family and what of the where- directed to this end. He usually plans to have wit~l for their support? Hsieh's reply was clear these meetings daily, and seldom speaks for less and final: "The Lord is sending me; He will be than an hour and a half. There is nothing speresponsible "for the supplies." Arrangements cially attractive about the delivery or style of his about money received for his work have been emi- address, yet all sorts and conditions of people nently sound and sensible. I have met with no simply hang upon his words. They know that he one anywhere with less desire to use money for is dealing with spiritual realities which he himhimself and his own plans than Hsieh; nor have self has experienced, and his illustrations are so I met anyone more careful of money for the Lord:s apt and to the point that even the unlettered have work. He himself did not personally accept con- no difficulty in grasping his meaning. But it is tributions for his work, but requested that such his spiritual insight and power which draw peogifts should be sent to Pastor Hu at Anking to ple to hear him. I have in mind now a talented be entered in the Revival Society account. Once young Chinese teacher, extremely up-to-date and a month the pastor gave Mrs. Hsieh a fixed a staunch nationalist, who had listened to several amount for household expenses, and as Mr. Hsieh of the most outstanding preachers in China; yet had given instructions about the matter it is al- he felt there was a quality in Hsieh's message most unnecessary to add that the amount given which met his deepest need, and satisfied him as for this purpose was certainly not more than ade- no address had ever done. The Lord has used the quate. Often did he say, "the money is not mine; life and the message of His servant in various it is the Lord's." In every possible way he sought parts of China to lead many to dedicate themto curtail personal expenses in order that he selves to the preaching of the Gospel, and scores might have more to use in the Lord's work. On of Christian workers have been inspired by his one occasion he informed me with a smile that on example of whole-hearted, unremitting zeal in the returning to Anking from a certain down-river service of Christ. port he had traveled fourth class. This I could scarcely credit as the lowest fare on any steamer When he was at Anking about three years ago is third class. Hsieh explained that on certain it was learned that he intended giving a series of steamers there is accommodation somewhere be- Bible talks to the members of his family who were low for beggers traveling from one port to an- at home during the summer. He thought that in other, and he had availed himself of the oppor- this way he would be making up to them in some tunity to travel with them. "But," I enquired, measure for the long periods when he was away "was not such a proceeding rather risky? Did from home. Several friends suggested that others none of your neighbors make off with your be- might be permitted to attend as well as the memlongings ?" "Oh, no," he replied, "it was the bers of his family, and that the meetings might safest place on the ship; no one dreamt I had any- be held daily in the church. He agreed, and every thing worth stealing, otherwise I wouldn't have afternoon during the extreme heat of the summer been there. The important thing about it," he an eager company gathered for the study of God's added, "was that I had an opportunity of preach- Word. At each meeting there was an atmosphere ing the Gospel to those poor people." of keen expectancy. Not a few regularly attended at no small sacrifice to themselves. Hsieh sug- About 1916 he received pressing invitations to gested the study of one of the Gospels, taking a visit a number of outlying districts in the North chapter a day. He requested that all of them of China, and, as for some time he had been con- should prayerfully study the chapter and be pretemplating such a journey and praying about it, pared to say a few words on one of the verses.

Few could have conducted the meetings on those be absolutely sincere, and he will assuredly meet lines so naturally and effectively as this veteran with us, and give exceeding abundantly above all Christian worker. At each meeting over a dozen we ask or think." people, some of whom had never spoken in public before, commented on verses of Scripture. As The keynote of those meetings was reality, and day succeeded day it was remarkable how their the working of the Spirit of God was truly eviwords gained in clarity and effectiveness. Hsieh dent in our midst. What must be the cumulative summed up after the others had spoken, and his result of thousands of similar meetings held by comments were always helpfully suggestive and Hsieh among all types and conditions of people to the point. He then gave his own special mes- throughout China? He continues to preach and sage bearing upon the chapter' and had any of teach with unabated zeal. I bade him goodbye at our Western commentators been there they would Anking two years ago as he set out on a preachhave marveled at the typically Chinese coloring ing tour to the Western Provinces. God has been given by him to certain passages of Scripture. It mightily using him, and I have heard from variwas clearly evident that he was steeped in the ous quarters of lives having been won and trans- Word of God, and that his chief delight was to be formed through his witness for his Saviour and God's messenger to others. One evening when requesting several to lead in prayer, he said, "Do Lord. not make a prayer, please, but speak to God, and Pray that men of like spirit may be raised up ask Him for what you really desire. We need to to carry the message of Life to every part of this great and needy land. Only in this way can China be won to Christ.

"I LOVE JESUS"

In the stillness of a schoolroom where the American Indian children were studying, a child's voice rang out like a Christmas bell: "I love Jesus."

"What does the child mean?" thought the teacher who looked into the shining eyes and the glory-glinted face.

The child had heard the story of God's great Christmas gift to the world. Christ had come to dwell in her heart and she bubbled over in her joy because of His gift to her. There in the sunlit schoolroom sat the little Indian shepherdess, her heart flooded with the heavenly Light such as crowned the hills near Bethlehem more than nineteen hundred years ago.

Before Christmas seventy-eight boys and girls enrolled in the Tuba City Indian Government School, came to the missionary with these same words – a song on their lips: "I love Jesus."

Jesus is all the world to me; I want no better friend.

. I trust Him now; I'll trust Him when Life's fleeting days shall end.

A thrill stirred the air in the little mission chapel when they sang the song on a Sunday afternoon when these young people came before the congregation to be baptized. Later they sat at the Lord's Table, in company with "believers in Jesus in Navajoland," and partook of the broken bread, emblem of His broken body, and of the fruit of the vine, emblem of His shed blood.

Thanks be to God for the unspeakable joy He gives to those who are his voice in proclaim- ing His Christmas gift to an impoverished, heart-famished world! "I love Jesus." Our hearts unite in the song of gratitude that this timid shepherdess sang so that comrades and teacher were startled in the silent schoolroom.

Danny-A High..-Grade

~-tijf I By F. A. ROBINSON, Ph.D., Toronto, Canada I)ilt— N o OTHER home in the district was avail- honor of sleeping with the minister was scarcely able for the visiting preacher so there was worth the ordeal his mother's suggestions in- no help for it, he had to sleep with ten-year- volved. old Danny. The shack contained three beds and there were eight to be accommodated. It was use- Two or three hours later the preacher did his less to make any other suggestion for the little best to get Danny out of his monopolistic position prairie home contained no lounge nor even chairs across the bed, and lay alongside .of his soundly that could be used as a possible excuse for sleep- sleeping little bedfellow. It was not long ere the ing separately. Danny's usual berth was with his mother's prophecy was being fulfilled, and Danny father and mother, but the coming of the preacher was "snuggling" up to the preacher with much necessitated a general change. more enjoyment to Danny than to his bedmate. The dirty little arms and tousled head seemed to "Danny's a bit restless," said his mother, "but vie with one another in getting into the immediate he never wakes up when he strikes the pillow, and vicinity of the preacher's nose and mouth. he's as good as one of those hot water bottles. Early in the morning the curtain was pushed We can't keep a fire going all night, and after it aside and a tin bowl containing warm water was has been out a while, it gets a bit frosty along the placed on the rough box that served as a table. logs. It was twenty below most nights last week. "I thought you might like warm water to wash in. When it gets that way Danny snuggles up real Danny, you come out now and bring your clothes close." so's the minister will have room to dress." Danny The last bit of information did not add to the was scarcely wide enough awake to heed his preacher's enthusiasm over his bed fellow. mother's command. After a few minutes he Danny's general appearance was not encouraging. pushed back the hair from his forehead and be- Facilities for keeping clean are not many in the came intensely interested in w a t chi n g the kind of shack occupied by the Wiggins family and preacher. Danny really had no use for "facilities." He washed his hands and face only under the utmost At last his surprise at the intricacies and myspressure, and a bath in winter-time was an un- teries that were involved in the preacher's method of dressing could be restrained no longer. With thought-of thing. When the "slough" was warm something akin to a sigh, he said: enough, it was difficult to keep him out of the "Say, Mister, how often do you wash yerself water; but to Danny's type of boy, a swimming hole and a wash-bowl are as different as Paradise like that?" and Hades. His tousled hair looked as though it With a smile came the answer, "I don't often had never come in contact with a comb. In the shack his coarse shirt and semi-long trousers were do it just like that, but I like to have at least a all he could be persuaded to wear. The latter good sponge off every morning. Water is a bit were so large and ill-fitting that they gave no in- scarce out here, isn't it?" dication as to whether Danny was coming or going. Evading the question, Danny asked, "Say, Mis- ter, how often do you pull that there black thing Shortly after supper on the night of the preach- through yer hair like you was doin' for sich a er's arrival, the mother got Danny behind the spell?" curtain, where the crudely-made and unpainted bedstead stood. Danny had to listen to a number "Well! I'm afraip my hair often gets rough, of "don'ts" that also reached the ears of the Danny. I carry a comb in this little pocket, see, preacher. "Now, don't you sit on the bed with then I can comb my hair whenever it needs itthem dirty pants of yours. No! you can't get in maybe half a dozen times a day." bed that way! Now, Danny, you undress properly! You're going to put on your Sunday shirt Danny's face had on it an expression of mingled pity and disgust as he said wearily, "You must be an awful pile 0' trouble to yerself, Mister."

Breakfast with Danny revealed the fact that he was "just an appetite with a skin pulled over now that you're sleeping with the minister." him." Not until that morning had he ever been Danny's answer was in a tone that suggested the present where family worship was conducted.

[138 ] The reading was of the lad's small store of loaves the cow stable. With his face on his arms as he and fishes and the preacher had Danny look on leaned against the logs in a dark corner, the little the Testament with him. It was something new lad was shedding many tears. "I don't want you for Danny to kneel down, and he went about it to go away, never!" was his only response to the rather awkwardly as though uncertain what came kindly touch of his preacher friend's hand. A next. few farewell words of confidence in Danny's fu- ture and the preacher hurried to the big box In the approach to the Father of us all, strange, sleigh. Wrapped in well-worn blankets and with deep yearning for Danny came into the preacher's a carpet of straw, they started on their cold jourheart and he saw more than an untidy, tousle- ney across the prairie. As the preacher turned to headed boy. That yearning led to efforts to gain get another look at the shack that had been his Danny's confidence. He helped him to carry in home for the past three weeks, he saw the little the wood and chopped through the ice for the lad with the coarse shirt and baggy trousers gazdaily water supply. Then there were ways of ing wistfully in the direction of the sleigh. A adding to the lad's fun. A few old boards were little hand responded to the farewell wave and fashioned into a sleigh that did quite well on the then the boyish figure disappeared-perhaps to go snow-covered slope after the preacher had shov- back to the dark corner again. elled the snow so as to make a surface across which they could easily glide. Within a week the *** two were good friends and Danny accompanied the preacher whenever allowed. He was permitted Twelve years passed. Many new settlers have to go to two of the evening meetings conducted come to the foothills district where once stood the by the visitor and especially enjoyed the music. Wiggins shack. In the same district stands a small church in which there is a Sunday school Within two weeks Danny was showing more superintendent whose name is Danny Wiggins. concern about his hands and face and hair, and And two thousand miles away a preacher gives was following the preacher's example in a number thanks to God for the strange little chap who, of ways. An illustrated edition of a pocket Testa- twelve years ago, shared with him the bed behind ment, in which the preacher had printed the boy's the curtain in the log shack on Windy Plains, and name in full, was the first gift of any value that who has so grown in the knowledge of the Lord Danny had received and his pride in its possession Jesus as to be leading others into paths of rightwas manifest. eousness.

On the last evening of the preacher's stay in the SILVESTER HORNE'S LAST CONVERT* lonely settlement he had a talk with Danny. "I believe you are going to be a fine boy, Danny. I Silvester Horne, the great English preacher, shall be a long distance away from you, but I am died on a St. Lawrence steamer. The captain of going to count you as one of my friends. Every that steamer told the story and its sequence: day I shall be reading from a little book like the one you have, and I shall be thinking of how my It was on this very boat. I chanced to see him fall and friend Danny is reading from the same book, and ran toward him. His wife holding his head called out in it would be one of the biggest disappointments I agony, "Are you dead?" An instant later she turned to could have if my Danny was not true and brave me and said, "Captain, is my husband really dead?" I and clean. You remember about the boy who nodded my head, and ordered some sailors to carry the brought all he had to Jesus. You are doing that, body into the cabin; but that was not the end of the tale. aren't you, Danny? You are going to let Him Mrs. Horne came in and immediately knelt down beside count on you to help make this world a bit hap- the body. She turned to me and commanded, "Captain, pier. You won't go back on me, will you, Danny, you must kneel." I was altogether indifferent to religion, because I want you for Jesus." The little lad with but I hesitated only a second, then knelt. Her prayer was the coarse shirt and baggy trousers looked up into the simplest, most beautiful and most natural prayer I the preacher's face and said with a bashful smile: ever heard. She mentioned all the children by name, the "I'd like to be jes like you and preach." church, and various causes that had been dear to her hus- band's heart. I have never been able to escape from that "God bless you, Danny, my boy. I'm not anxious prayer. It brought me to Christ. Whenever I can I you should be like me, but I want you to be like attend the little church of which I have become a member. Him, like Jesus. He was so good and brave and I was Silvester Horne's last convert. kind." The radiance of that life has continued to shine, When the sleigh came early next morning to and we have no doubt that a great many who knew take the preacher to the railway station, twelve him and loved him were brought to Christ as they miles distant, Danny was not in sight. There was remembered his thrilling words. But the capno response to the calling of his name. The tain was brought to Christ as much by Mrs. preacher hurried around the little shack and into Horne's marvelous courage and trust as by any- thing that Silvester Horne had ever said or done.

• From The Watchman-Examiner. Effective Ways of Working 'Tested Methods for Increasing Interest at Home EDITED BY MRS. ESTELLA S. AITCHISON, GRANVILLE, OHIO ~========================~======I New "Tools in Type" A MEN'S MISSIONARY LEAGUE boys' mISSIOnary society. The boys' work shall be supported and directed BULLETIN NUMBER Two One of the foregoing plans by the League. may well commend itself to Readers of THE REVIEW will every pastor. It was the ideal of With all due honor to the the Rev. George A. Brown, of recall that some months back the the United Presbyterian Church faithful women who have so long Professional Advisory Section of Elyria, Ohio, to develop a mothered boys' missionary or- men's organization which, in inon Missionary Education of the terest, activity and spirit, would ganizations in the local church, International Council of Reli- equal any woman's missionary your Department Editor vengious Education brought out a society. The resulting league tures the opinion that this move bulletin giving a bird's-eye view has for its object the "promotion toward "fathering" is a distinct of best methods among all coop- of an intelligent, active interest erating denominations. Weare in missions on the part of the advance. glad to report that the wide- men and boys of the church" inspread appreciation of that first volving the following particu- OUTCOMES OF STUDY CLASSES effort has led to the issuance of lars: Bulletin No. Two, which is over- In the setting of the subject flowing with stimulating sugges- 1. The recognition of the privilege tions for all departments of and duty of sharing the Lord Jesus matter in this Department last church life, including that of the Christ with the world through the enpastor. This is mimeographed tire missionary enterprise. month, Bulletin items under the and may be obtained at cost price of twenty-five cents, from 2. A comprehensive educational pro- above heading are particularly Miss Ruth Heinmiller, 2969 gram for the thorough missionary in- West 25th St., Cleveland, Ohio. struction of the men and boys of the apropos. The contributor, Mrs. Some idea of the contents may church. be gained from a few of the lead- Phillip H. Waddell Smith, of ing topics, such as: Reading 3. The practice of definite, intelli- Suggestions (detailed informa- gent prayer for missions in general Princeton, N. J., tells us that tion as to the best missionary and especially for the missionary books available for all ages, five agencies of our own church. when her church studied "The large pages being devoted to this a Ion e); Missionary Movies; 4. The actual support of some spe- Church and the Community," Young People's Work; Mission- cific missionary project which we will ary Education in a State Denom- have as our own and for which we will the text was taken seriously so inational Program; Group Cor- be personally responsible financially. respondences (keeping in contact that a playground for children with definite mission stations) ; 5. The rendering of definite, per- Children's W 0 r k (excellent sonal missionary service as we may of the streets was started with plans); Men's and Women's have opportunity and ability. Work; General Suggestions and one paid worker and daughters Promotion (plans of various de- All men over eighteen years nominations for effectively fur- of .age are eligible to member- of interested parents as helpers. thering work in the whole field ship. Included among the comof missionary education). Such mittees is one to select, supervise The project still continues as a live, usable material as is cov- and handle the correspondence ered by the foregoing outline of some definite project for ac- Summer Bible School with atshould be in the hands of every tive participation. The article local church worker. It repre- in the constitution headed "De- tendance increasing each year. sents literally a "League of De- partments of Service" reads: nominations" under the leader- Children enlisted in the earlier ship of the Prince of Peace. In order for the full realization of the final objective of the League, which years have become, themselves, is that of a growing likeness to Jesus Christ in life and service, the follow- competent helpers, branching ing things shall be emphasized: Bible study and prayer for personal spirit- out into service at homes for ual development; faithful church at- tendance; personal evangelism; Chris- crippled children, and in other tian stewardship; welfare work; Christian fellowship; the work of the projects. At first supported en- [140 ] tirely by women in Mrs. Smith's own church, the enterprise was eventually taken up in coopera- tion by other churches until it now has three paid workers and many volunteers. Each year the handwork is displayed in the show windows of one of the lead- ing stores. .

Another year the problem of the rural church was studied with the result that the women of the Princeton church volun- teered their services in helping near-by country churches, either

EFFECTIVE WAYS OF WORKING

by leading their meetings or 'The Way of Holiness.''' The oring new members, a. Guide helping them plan their work. mottoes are, "I am the Way," Post of "Keep to the Right," One year a summer school was and "In all thy ways acknowl- Proverbs 4: 11-18, with the started and a worker was paid edge Him and He shall direct warning, "Danger! Cur v e s for on condition that mothers of thy paths." Between these two Ahead !" Two guides conducted the country children provide the Scripture verses is their poetic the program. entertainment for her during correlate: November brought the year's her term of service. To every man there openeth study topic, "Japan," with a The study of the Caribbean A way and ways and a way. "Highway Tea Garden," a problem eventuated in making The high soul climbs the High Way, "Cross Road Guide Post"-Luke 24: 13-32-and a topic of "Highsupplies for victims of the hurri- The low soul gropes the Low Way, ways and Byways of Japan," cane in the Dominican Republic. That project, also, still lives on And in between on the misty fiats with guides as in all other meet- The rest drift to and fro. But to every man there openeth in service to mission hospitals in A High Way and a Low, ings of the series. And every man decideth the region. Which way his soul shall go. The December meeting was in charge of the World Wide Guild A NEW MISSION STUDY PLAN The poem for the year is, and continued the study of Ja- The First Presbyterian church "When We Walk with the Crowd pan, with "The Dinner Gong," of Berkeley, California, decided in the Road," by Walter J. Gres- a Guide Post of "Safety First"- under the leadership of their ham, and the Travelers' Song, Psalm 119: 117-and "Youth pastor to assign to each organ- "It Is Glory Just to Walk with Glimpsing New Roads" for the ization and Sunday school de- Him." At the head of each de- program, the guide being a partment a given field or coun- partment is also a stanza of an young woman. try in which the denomination appropriate poem, such as this Burma was the theme for the January session. There were a maintains mission work, in or- for the Missionary: Dak Bun g a low Luncheon, der that old study books, letters, Through desert ways, dark fen and "Grades and Curves" for the pictures, etc., may be examined deep morass, for information. Twenty-three Through jungles, desert ways and Guide Post-Luke 3: 4-6-and a mountain pass, program on "Mountain Trails in assignments were made, some- Build ye the road, falter not nor stay; Burma." Prepare across the earth the King's times more than one group co- White Cross (mission hospioperating on a topic. The study Highway. tal) work was under way in Febculminated in early December in a three-days' exposition, turning And for the Worlef Wide Guild ruary. Luncheon was served at the entire church into a "world" (young women's organization) : "The Wayside Inn"; the Guide Post was "The Emergency Staand displaying the returns from And where the vanguard rest today tion," Luke 10: 25-37; with "Sathe study in booths, pictures, The rear shall camp tomorrow. maritans on the Road" as the graphs, talks, pageants, etc., arranged by different units in the This organization has its peri- subject of the missionary seschurch. Research like this will od of industrial work in the fore- sion. often yield more than cut-and- noon, its luncheon, its business In March the topic is "Chris- session with ensuing song serv- tian Education." Luncheon is dried textbook material. ice, its devotional periods, and scheduled to be served at "The A GOOD UNIFIED PROGRAM finally the missionary program. Half-Way House," with school Your Department Editor re- The luncheons are all shaped up seniors as guests. The Guide ceives repeated requests for in motifs, decorations and menus Post is "One Way Road"-John series of programs, all ready to to the theme for the day: the 14: 6. "A Skyline Drive" will use with adaptations. We are song service is called, "Songs be featured in the program. glad to present a fresh series Along the Way," and the devo- Home Missions will be taken from the woman's society in the tional period is designated the up in April, with a "Roadside First Baptist Church of Santa "Guide Post." At the September Cafe" for the meal, a "Winding Ana, California. It evidences meeting, a box luncheon was Road" Guide Post-Isa. 30: 21careful thought, research and a served as the tourists began, and "Easterners on Western mind to give the very best of "One Year's Journey," and the Roads" at the formal service. one's endeavor to definite King- Guide Post was entitled, "Stop! In May "South India" will be dom building. The subject is, Look! Listen!" with Isaiah 55: featured. There is to be "A Pad- "Christ of the Beckoning Road" ; 6-9 as the keynote. Then fol- dyfield Luncheon" at which rice and as an artistic, faintly lowed the program on "Blazing will undoubtedly be the piece de sketched background for every the Trail." Any pioneer mission- resi'stance. The Guide Post printed page there appears a ary work or the early features of reads, "Dangerous But Passbeautiful highway leading up- endeavor at one station would able," 2 Cor. 11: 24-33, and the ward past a wayside cross. The fit in, with the program leader topic is "Jungle Paths." motif on the first inside page is: termed the Guide. An Americanization meeting "And an highway shall be there, In October came a civics pro- comes in June, the luncheon be- and a way, and it shall be called gram, with a picnic dinner hon- ing termed "Curb Service," the

Guide Post, "No Left Turn"- (dramatization of a month's is- This unique correlation be- Josh. 1: 7, 8-and· the program, sue of the denominational maga- tween program and social fea- "Courtesies of the Road." zine, Missions); "A Study in tures is worth trying and lends itself to much ingenuity, espe- The series closes in July with Darkness and Light" (address cially in communities where the the annual meeting, luncheon to by missionary worker); "Keep- church needs to be the social as be served at "An Alpine Tav- well as the religious center. ern," the Guide Post appropri- ing the Home Fires Burningately placed "At the Summit"- The Annual Campfire and Busi- THE DAY OF PRAYER 2' Tim. 4: 7, 8-and the meeting ness Meeting"; "Candles of the termed "The End of the Trail." March 8th marks that impor- Lord-a Memorial Service for tant event. While ready-made The final poem among the Past Leaders"; "The Farther outlines furnished by denominanumber in this beautiful pro- Lights-a Meteor Shower" (re- tional as well as undenominagram booklet is : ception of gifts for some mission tional organizations render de- station according to ascertained tailed plans in this Department I do not know the road o'er which unnecessary, we wish to stress My feet must run the race, needs). Leaders of these several the importance of more than a meetings were designated as Dis- perfunctory observance. Prayer But I do know though rough it be, furnishes not only our guidance Though steep in many a place, tributors of the Light, Lamp but our dynamic. "Only men Lighters, Projectors, Heralds of and women in personal relation- That He has said: "Sufficient the Star, Torch Bearers, Path- ship with the Holy Spirit receive Is my grace" finders, Bonfire Builders, Search His teachings, feel His power As I go on. Lights, Service Lights, Star and become His effective agents …… Neither plans, however Your editor has no intimate Dust, etc. The officers were clever, nor organizations, howdetails of this series, although listed as Headlights and the cir- ever efficient, can accomplish she knows personally the caliber cle leaders as the Cluster Lights. spiritual results unless they are of the activating membership; spiritually conceived, inspired but it is quite possible that the Mrs. Maude Rose Wellman, and supported." corresponding secretary, Mrs. Charles A. Harp, 419 West the social chairman, writes of Prayer is the tide for which the vessels Washington St., Santa Ana, Cal- the correlated meetings: wait ifornia, might be willing to let her light shine a bit farther if an At the opening birthday rally the Ere they can come to port. And if occasional request were made ac- social feature was termed "Following it be companied by a stamped, self- the Gleam to Our Natal Day," each addressed envelope. entrant being given a symbol indica- The tide is low, how then canst th()u tive of the month in which she was expect COORDINATING SOCIAL AND MIS- born (sketches of snow flakes, fire crackers, roses, etc.) which furnished The treasure ship to see? SIONARY a clue to lead her to the table assigned to that month and decorated corre- Thousands of our invalid or In the woman's society of the spondingly. Appropriate songs and elderly folk may carryon their Granville, Ohio, Baptist Church, jingles for these months were inter- former work by way of the a social hour follows the mis- spersed with the luncheon. Throne, by enlisting as "prayer sionary program; and this year partners" of some efficient misthe unique plan of linking up Some of the other coordinated topics sionary worker, interceding conthemes for the two sessions was were: Following the Gleam over Land stantly for work they have devised. The general topic for and Sea (exhibit of curios from a num- adopted as their own. "Shut-in the year is "Light." The suc- ber of mission fields with demonstra- But Not Shut-out" is the unique cessive missionary programs are ti()ns by costumed hostesses); Through title of a leaflet dealing with this entitled "The Lights of Home- the Orchard (guessing games with method of restoring the joy of Autumn Rally and Luncheon"; fruits); To High Lights of History service to earnest souls in life's "The Searchlight of Christian (character guessing game); Into Erin sidelines. Patriotism" (evening meeting (celebrating St. Patrick's Day); Into jus t before November elec- the Mission Fields; Through a Treas- "Money-that is what I want tions) ; "Oriental Lantern Bear- ure Hunt (for hidden parcels brought to learn from Him above allers in America" (dramatiza- for the donation of gifts), etc. money the cause of so much tion); "Rays of Light from the temptation and sin and s9rrow Sunrise Kingdom" (dramatiza- At the meeting where Japan was and eternal loss; money as it is tion of the study book, "Japa- the topic, "Following the Gleam into received and administered and nese Women Speak"); "In the the Garden" was carried out in the distributed at the feet of Jesus, Light of the Christmas Star" following manner: Leaves were cut the Lord of the Treasury, be- (cantata or dramatic sketch, fol- from paper of an appropriate green comes one of God's choicest chanlowed by social for the Sunday and each leaf bore a letter in the name nels of grace to myself and othschool); "T h e Festival of of some Japanese flower or fruit. To ers."-Andrew Murray. Lights" (all-church dinner in group the letters ()f one word, the reevening, with elaborate program verse side of each letter in a given honoring missionaries and their word was inscribed with a number. families); "The Torch of Wis- For instance all the letters in the word dom-a L i v i n g Magazine" "chrysanthemum" bore the number one on its back, and so on. The groups having the same number worked to- gether to guess the word. After these names of flowers were completed, Jap- anese games were provided-Gomoku, a game similar to our logomachy; Jan Kim Po and a Japanese fish game. The rooms were decorated with Jap- anese lanterns and cherry blossoms made from crepe paper and attached to twigs to suggest a Japanese garden.

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BULLETIN OF The Council of Women for Home Missions ANNE SEESHOLTZ, EXECUTIVE SECRETARY, 105 EAST TWENTY-SECOND STREET, NEW YORK ~'~I ~~==~========~====~~ " … of Such an Astonishment" viduals, classes, races, and na- ines he is somebody, he is deceiv- tions. ing himself, for he is nobody; let VVhosoever on ye night of ye In the United States of Amer- everyone bring his own wor,k to nativity of ye young Lord Jesus, the test-then he will have somein ye great snows, shall fare ica the VVorld Day of Prayer thing to boast about on his own Offerings will, unless specially account, and not in comparison forth bearing a succulent bone designated, be divided equally with his fellows. FOR EVERYfor ye loste and lamenting among four missionary projects, ONE WILL HAVE TO BEAR hounde, a wisp of hay for ye namely, Christian literature for HIS OWN LOAD OF RESPONshivering horse, a cloak of warm women and children in Mission SIBILITY.

raiment for ye stranded way- lands, VVomen's Union Christian -From Letter to Galatians, farer, a bundle of faggots for ye colleges of other lands, Religious Moffatt Translation. twittering crone, a flagon of red VVork among students of U. S., ". . . of Such Astonishment" wine for him whose marrow Indian day and boarding school~, withers, a garland of bright ber- and Christian service among MI- Except the.Lord build the house, ries for one who had worn grant laborers and their chil- They labour in vain that build chains, gay arias of lute and dren. [The offerings may be sent it: harp for all huddled birds who directly to the editor for distri- Except the Lord keep the city, thought that song was dead, and The watchman waketh but in divers lush sweet meats for such bution.J babes' faces as peer from lonely It is well for us as we enter vain. And it shall come to pass that windows-to him shall be prof- upon this world-wide prayer and fered and returned gifts of such service to read the excerpt from the mountain of the an astonishment as will rival the St. Paul's letter to the church in Lord's house shall be eshues of the peacock and the har- Galatia from which the theme is tablished in the top of the mountains, and shall be monies of Heaven, so that taken- exalted above the hills though he live to ye greate age- Brothers, you were called to and all nations shall flow into it. when man goes stooping and be free; onl11 do not make your Except the Lord build the house querulous-yet shall he walk up- freedom an opening for the flesh, They labour in vain that build it. right and remembering, as one but serve one another in love. For the entire Law is summed whose heart shines like a greate up in one word, in, You must love star in his breast. you r neighbor as yourself -Source Unknown. (whereas, if you snap at each , Bringe ye all the tithes into the other and prey upon each other, World Day of Prayer for take care in case you destroy one storehouse Missions another) ….. . That there may be meat in mine the First Friday in Lent The harvest of the Spirit is house, March 8, 1935 love, joy, peace, good, temper, And prove me now herewith, The theme for the day's medi- kindliness, generosity, fidelity, saith the Lord of Hosts, tation and prayer throughout gentleness, self-control: – there the world is "Bear ye one anoth- is no law against those who prac- And prove me now herewith, if er's burdens." Together the I will not open you the world on this day will be pray- tice such things . …. .As we live windows of heaven and ing for the missionary enter- by the Spirit, let us be guided. by pour out a blessing that prise and for all who share the Spirit; let us have no vamty, therein; for a quickened con- no provoking, no envy of one an- there shall not be room science toward the world's bur- other. Even if anyone is detected enough, that there shall den bearers; for courage to in some trespass, brothers, you stand for the right and willing- not be room enough to reness to accept the sacrifices in- are spiritual, 'you must set the of- ceive it. fender right in a spirit of gentle- .Bring ye all the tithes into the storehouse ness; let each look to himself, in And prove me now herewith case he too is tempted. BEAR saith the Lord of hosts.

volved for us all in the building ONE ANOTHER'S BURDENS, The above scriptural song, written of a better world; for justice AND SO FULFILL THE LAW by James G. MacDermid, is published and understanding among indi- in two keys by Forster, 218 South OF CHRIST. 1/ anyone imag- Wabash, Chicago. 40 cents. , [143 ]

MIGRANT CENTER BASEBALL TEAM WAITING TO BE FED I found the little fellow in an old dark stall. I could just make out his DEAR FRIENDS: the active cooperation of State form lying in bed. The father brought out an old kerosene lamp which helped. Those of you who are meeting Departments of Education and I could see he was critically ill and on this WorId Day of· Prayer are Health. that if he made the long 35-mile trip among the best friends of the over the mountain to the hospital, it migrant children. Much has At the Christian centers in might be too late, but that was his been accomplished in Migrant many camps, hundreds of chil- only chance. This suggestion terrified Work this last year. Your gifts dren not only were protected the mother. "But he too sick; I'm on the last WorId Day of Prayer afraid he die! Only two months ago, helped tremendously. Cooperat- from exposure in the fields and little Mary die with pneumonia while ing on State Labor Standards the dangers 'of cannery machin- we are 'in cots.' " Committees, and through the ery, but they grew stronger Federal Children's Bureau and physically and spiritually. You Finally she consented. Typhoidsimilar bodies, the Council of cannot imagine how we have pneumonia was the diagnosis. For Women for Home Missions has days the doctors held out no hope for worked on various phases of the struggled to carryon within the his recovery. Then he began to imsituation, such as hours, wages, budget. It has meant volunteer prove slowly and soon was out of danand child labor. Those employed service on the part of many ger. Surely a loving Father watches in agriculture are still unpro- young women and the doing over and cares for these little wandertected by the codes that have be- ers. come effective in so many lines without much needed equipment. of work. Carrying a program for 40 or 50 Faithfully yours, While at work on the problem children, ranging in age from in- COUNCIL OF WOMEN FOR fancy to 9 or 10 years, through- HOME MISSIONS. itself, the Christian social serv- out a 12-hour day, is not easy. Our youngest was 21 days old! *** ice has gone forward with rather remarkable success in 30 fields In the evenings and on Sundays, DEAR FRIENDS: in 11 states, with increasing co- the young people and adults need operation of employers and local leadership. A visitor at a center Please remember me, toogroups in migrant areas. We Indian American Youth. have in mind one field in particu- marveled at the accomplishlar. Three years ago we entered ments and her comment was, REBECCA EVANS the Connecticut Valley tobacco "So much with so little " Miss Winner of the Health and Beauty Contest, situation when many leaders in Barnes, who is known as the that area declared there was no' "angel of the cotton camps," Indian Presbyterian, U. S. A., MisSion, need for work. Last summer writes: Ganado, Arizona these leaders not only recognized the need but provided for a pro- Late one afternoon as I was hurry- We of the Church whO work gram on four plantations instead ing home, some one stopped me. In an with the Indian American are of one. In two states this past old barn a short distance away; a little learning that ours must be a year, for the first time, we had boy was very ill. With a sigh of relief ministry to the whole personal- the mother greeted me for we had met ity. Our pattern is "the beauty the year before "in peas." "My little and grace of the Lord Jesus boy, he have too much fever and talk Christ." too much at night. He been sick ten days. We took him once to doctor but have no money to take him back. The doctor say he too sick, should send for him earlier but we have no money."

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1 OUf W orld~wide Outlook ~1,1, ~-, A Missionary Newspaper of Current Events ~ NORTH AMERICA WJBK-Detroit, Mich. Isaacs, retired clothing manufac- Need for Home Missions WIP-Philadelphia, Pa. turer, left about $875,000 out- Let those who assert there is right to sixteen Catholic, Jewish KQV-Pittsburg, Pa. and Protestant welfare agencies WPRO-Providence, R. I.

WHBF-Rock Island, Ill. WIL-St. Louis, Mo. no need for home missions pon- which is divided between the folder the following: The Home WTNJ-Trenton, N. J. lowing institutions: Federation Missions Council recently re- WOL-Washington, D. C. for the Support of Jewish Philported that there are 10,000 vil- WIXBS-Waterbury, Conn. anthropic Societies; Brooklyn lages in the United States with- These programs will inform Federation of Jewish Charities; out a church of any kind. There and interest people in the world- Catholic Charities of the Archare thirty thousand villages wide program of Christianity. diocese of New York; Federawithout a resident pastor. There Internationally known men and tion of Protestant WeI far e are more than thirteen million women will speak out of their ex- Agencies; New York Guild for North American children, under perience of Christil:m work all the Jewish Blind; Hebrew Natwelve years of age, who are not over the world and outstanding tional Orphan Home; The Cath- missionaries and Christian na- olic Guardian Society; Associain church or Sunday school. tionals of other lands will give tion to Aid Crippled Children; Kentucky Mountaineers vital messages, news events, and New York Institution for the In- answer questions. Comments struction of the Deaf and Dumb; Clear Creek M 0 u n t a i n and suggestions on these pro- Young Men's Hebrew Associa- Springs, Inc., with Dr. L. C. grams will be heartily welcomed. tion of Borough Park; Camp Kelly of Pineville, Ky., as Presi- Inquiries should be addressed to Sussex, Inc.; Harlem Home of dent, is an organization designed your nearest station. the Daughters of Israel; United to help mountain people of Ken- Jewish Aid Society; St. Pattucky. (See page 232 May RE- A Forward Movement rick's Home for the Aged and VIEW.) During the past summer Infirm; Society for the Relief of a school was held which reached Plans for a forward movement Half Orphans and Destitute in 1,200 people. A camp for boys of sweeping proportions, aimed the City of New York. had an attendance of 185, and a to revitalize and invigorate the camp for girls had an attendance missions of the Protestant Epis- A Children's Church of 145. For four weeks a moun- copal Church, were adopted at a tain preachers' school brought meeting of the Joint Commis- An i n t e r den 0 min atogether sixty ministers, from sion. The movement aims to re- tional church, with its memberfifteen district associations. vitalize the spiritual life of the ship made up exclusively of church in every branch of its children, has been organized at -Watchman-Examiner. work. the Ohio Soldiers' and Sailors' Orphans' Home in Xenia, Ohio. Missions on the Radio Each church member will be It is believed to be the first of urged to live up to his full re- its kind. Chaplain C. C. Haukins Through the courtesy of the sponsibilities as a Christian dis- has spent ten years of research American Broadcasting System ciple, by regular prayer and in planning its organization. the Foreign Missions Confer- meditation, sincere repentance, ence of North America is spon- unfailing attendance at worship, A committee of chi I d r e n, soring a 15 minute program on outpouring of money and serv- guided by Chaplain Haukins, Friday afternoons at 3 o'clock, ice. No new organization is to wrote the Constitution of this Eastern Standard Time, known be set up; the work will be "Community Church for Chrisas the "World of Missions." This through existing departments. tian Youth," and it will be afprogram is available on the fol- filiated with the Community lowing stations: -The Churchman. Church Workers of the U. S. A.

WMCA-New York City. Unusual Jewish Bequest The executive secretary of that WABY-Albany, N. Y. organization, Richard E. Shields, WCBM-Baltimore, Md. Protestant, Catholic and J ew- has given personal attention to WHDH-Boston, Mass. ish charities r e c e i v e d their the development of the plan and WEHR-Buffalo, N. Y. largest Christmas gift when the was present at the installation WJJD-Chicago, Ill. will of Reuben M. Isaacs was probated December 24. Mr. of officers. More than 100 chil- WFBE-Cincinnati, Ohio. dren are charter members. WDEL-Wilmington, Del.

[145 ]

Medical Missions Conference sider Christian missions as a sep- on the opening Sunday, preached arate project, without any par- by a visiting minister, was on Under the auspices of the For- ticular relationship to the local "How Large Is Your World?" eign Missions Conference sev- parish program but no church this being a background for enty-five doctors and nurses can remain vigorous in a spir- eight nights' study of "Christ in from more than twelve foreign itual sense and surrender its Our Modern World." Ruth T. countries met for their fifth bien- vision of its world-wide mis- Fulton, in a statement sent to nial Medical Missions Confer- sion." the Missionary Education Moveence in New York City, Decem- ment, says: ber 13-15. Papers were pre- Islam' in America sented on tropical and oriental At 4: 30 p. m. the curtains of our diseases, preventive medicine The Moorish Science Temple small world and individual prejudices and the health problem of wom- of America is a national organ- were pushed back to welcome to the en candidates and missionaries. ization, founded by Noble Drew Home a colored girls' quartet (brought The way in which different gov- Ali with religious, social and hu- from a near-by school) who had come ernments view the missionary manitarian purposes; among to give our opening program at night physician ranges from definite other beliefs they maintain that at the School of Missions. Langdon restrictions, as in Turkey, to ap- Noble Drew Ali was a prophet girls for the most part erased lingerproval with financial coopera- descended from Mohammed and ing and long-felt race feelings, evition, as in Congo BeIge. Resolu- guided by his Father God Allah; denced by the desire to meet these tions adopted by the conference that colored people and Moors girls of a duskier skin and eat with called for a concerted effort to descended from ancient Moab- them. There were still, however, bring church members to a ites, who left the North Western those who emphatically said, "My deeper appreciation of the "min- and South Western shores of Af- mother taught me never to associate istry of healing"; of the impor- rica; that the names colored with them," or, "I certainly don't tance of establishing more med- folks, black people or Ethiopians want to eat with them"; and so these ical colleges to train native phy- and Negroes are misnomers, be- looked with rather disapproving wonsicians, because of the decrease ing names applied to slaves by der upon our upper classmen who ate in the numbers of Western doc- slave holders; that Friday is a with the interesting guests. tors entering the service; of the holy day of rest; that love, advisability of having hospital truth, peace, freedom and j us- At the ensuing evening church management trend toward local tice must be proclaimed and service the small town turned control and of the necessity of practiced. out almost en masse to hear the having the Christian Church concert, at least a hundred peomaintain its leadership in for- The organization has more ple standing for an hour and a eign hospital work. than 100,000 members in this half listening to "naIvely worded country who pay 50 cents a and strongly rhythmical spirit- Some Impressions in Mid-West month to local temples, and 25 uals." So warm was the wel- cents a month to the national coming feeling that even the girl Rev. Wilbur S. Derning re- body. Trouble recently arose in who quoted her mother's advice cently paid a visit to the Con- Moorish Science Temple number said, the following morning, "1 gregational Christian Churches 10 in Newark, N. J., over the don't have any race prejudice of Indiana, Illinois, Wisconsin payment of contributions to the any more." All the girls had and Missouri, speaking in 71 "reincarnated" Noble Drew Ali felt their world enlarge greatly. centers. He enumerates in Ad- when it was asserted the prophvance some of the impressions et "departed from this life in Crowds came so early to the received. The first impression the year 1929 and his return to study classes that a preliminary concerned the effectiveness with this earth is impossible in that song service had to be arranged which state organizations are short space of time, according to to fill the time of waiting. A working. He also found unity recognized conceptions of the grand pageant closed the school in the midst of diversity. Some Moorish Science T e m pie of on the eighth night. The total churches minister to rural, oth- America." -Moslem World. enrolment had been 429 (in a ers to urban and suburban small place) with an average atareas; some struggle with in- Mission Study Downs Race tendance of 308 over 175 the dustrial problems and shifting Prejudice year before. "Denominational populations, yet there was a high walls crumbled at least to common Christian fellowship At Mt. Vernon, Kentucky- the place where we can stand on and Dr. Derning was greatly im- the seat of Langdon Memorial foundations and join hands in a pressed by the sympathetic hear- Home, maintained by the Pres- completely united effort to face ing given to the missionary mes- byterian Board of National Mis- common world problems tosage. "I am fully convinced," sions for girls of the surround- gether and begin our practice of says Dr. Derning, "that the spir- ing region attending school at brotherhood in our own comitual health of a church and its Mt. Vernon-a c omm u n i ty munity." mISSIOnary horizon are closely school of missions was held last connected. Some may still con- year which had most valuable LATIN AMERICA corollaries. The morning sermon Putting Pressure on Mexico Three Protestant denomina- tional papers recently made

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

stern protest against persecu- they could not read. Occasionally an ligious and social field; and (c) tion in Mexico. The Christian enemy was found. Anything which the Council of Religious Educa- Advocate, of the Met hod is t took the mind away from work did not tion, whose end is to promote co- Church, South: "The govern- meet with the supervisor's approval. operation, especially in the ment has struck hard at the One of our converts, a tall Guaiqueri sphere of religious education. Church, with the result that re- Indian, told me of his experience in ligious freedom and education Maracaibo. He was almost over- Leper Colony in Paraguay are imperiled. . . . Any nation whelmed one morning as he saw the which limits the freedom of reli- sin and vice on every hand, following Paraguay has set aside 2,500 gion and of education to teach in the wake of the oil boom. Later he acres of land about 75 miles the truth, and establish moral noticed one of his countrymen pass by from Asuncion to be used as a principles in the minds of the with a Bible and hymnal in his hand leper colony. Initial plans call people turns back the clock of and saw him enter the Evangelical for the construction of 36 cottime, and invites the return of Church. He thought of the times tages. For this work and for the Dark Ages." when he had buried his arms in de- the cleaning up of the land the cayed oysters in an old hull and government is at present using The Lutheran: "Lutherans of brought up shining pearls; so these Bolivian prisoners. Plans pro- America will not approve the en- human gems, he thought, are reached vide also for the construction of forced displacement of the Chris- by Christ's arms and are brought up a general hospital, a laboratory tian religion by atheism. . . . out of the corruption of sin. and other necessary buildings. We have sympathy for the vic- This will furnish refuge not only tims of Mexican politicians and Federation in Brazil to the lepers in Paraguay, of we believe a godless government which perhaps there are more a dangerous neighbor of our own Progressive efforts tow a r d than 5,000, but also to the many nation." Protestant cooperation have been others on the continent who may made in Brazil during the last 30 be able to go there. The New Outlook, Un i ted years. In 1903 the Brazilian Church of Canada: "A fanatic Evangelical Alliance was organ- Dr. Webster E. Browning, strain marks the group now in ized; in 1910 the Evangelical after a careful survey, estimates power at the Mexican capital, Council of Religious Education that there are more than 75,000 and it is doubtful whether the was formed. As a result of the lepers in South America, not protest of the outside Churches Panama Congress in 1916, the more than 5,000 of whom are will have any salutary effect at Brazilian Committee on Coop- cared for in any institution. the moment. . . . The ineradi- eration in Christian Work was The new colony is under the gencable religious impulses of the formed, one of the most effective eral direction of the council of human heart will ultimately pieces of constructive work yet the medical faculty of the Namean the restoration to the done in Brazil. The Federation tional university, and Dr. John Catholic Church of the free of Evangelical Churches was or- Hay has been named director. exercise of its rights and teach- ganized in 1931. Almost the last ings." work of Rev. Erasmo Braga who -The Christian Century. died in 1932 was to outline in Other periodicals – Rom a n clear terms the sphere of serv- Birth of an Indian Church Catholic, Hebrew and Protestant ice for each of these organiza- -have also voiced vigorous pro- tions. A plan was submitted in The Inland South America tests. December, 1933, to all cooper- Missionary Union reports prog- ating societies, embodying a con- ress in evangelizing the Forest Pearl Fishers of Venezuela stitution for "The Evangelical Indians of South America. Bur- Confederation of BraziL" Five ity is a colony of 400 Terena In- Rev. Donald Turner, of the of these denominational bodies dians, and two years ago Mr. and Orinoco River Mission, has been met in 1934 and approved the Mrs. William Hunrichs spent working among the pearl fishers plan. The two Bible Societies, seven months among them. of Venezuela, with the help of the British and Foreign and the Later, a school was organized. the National Bible Society of American, and several cooper- Except for occasional visits, the Scotland. In the Quarterly Rec- ating societies and foreign mis- work is now in the care of naord of that Society he gives a sion boards likewise gave their tive pastors from Bananal, 100 glimpse of this work. approval. On June 19, the body miles away. was definitely organized. The In the Dio8 Te Salve we sailed for constitution provides that "the This embryonic church is a the pearl fishers' huts along the coast three departments of the Con- missionary force and the memof the Carribean. We had not been federation are as follows: (a) bers have been preaching among out long before we appreciated the The C 0 u n c i I of Evangelical the scattered white farmers, meaning of the boat's name, "May God Churches of Brazil, for the pur- many of whom have accepted the save you." The sailors sighted several pose of publicly representing Gospel. One man, a leader of sharks, one almost as long as our boat. Protestantism and treating of evident strength of character, Soon we landed at Las Maritas. As matters pertaining to inter-ec- tells an amazing story of sufferwe went from one palm hut to another clesiastical relations; (b) the ing from witchcraft and demon offering Scriptures we were given va- Council of Cooperation, whose possession from which he has rious receptions. Some took the litera- object is to attend to general in- been entirely liberated since acture eagerly, saying that they had terests of cooperation in the reread such before and liked the Gospel. Others were indifferent, and said that

cepting the Gospel, brought by ders have been busy planting preserved and continue to funcone of the Indians from the col- tion. ony of Burity. Oriental branches of their or- Because of the difficulty of get- -Amazon Valley Indian. ders. These have adopted the ting money out of Germany to the foreign mission fields, the EUROPE eastern ritual, a thing which is Executive Committee was re- quested to notify the Church German Missions in Difficulty unique in the history of the through the press not to send any gifts for foreign missions to The annual report of the Leip- Catholic Church. Novitiates on Germany. American contribuzig Mission: tors may send gifts to Dr. Ralph the Russian border of Poland H. Long, Director of the Na- "The great changes in State tional Lutheran Council, 39 East and Church in Germany cannot are holding themselves in readi- 35th Street, New York City, and for long leave the missionary so- friends in non-German countries cieties untouched. They too will ness for the coming work in of Europe may send to Dr. Alhave to undergo changes in cer- fred T. Jorgensen, Vendergades tain aspects. With this in mind, Russia. Table lessons are read 28, Copenhagen, Denmark. the leaders of the German missionary societies are endeavor- in four Slav languages by turns The third Lutheran WorId ing to prepare the way for great- Convention will be held in Paris, er unification of the missionary and in the chapel the mass is in October 13-20, 1935. life, but this will not be possible until the Church itself has found Russian, as well as the calenda"r. Protestants in Italy a fixed form. In 1930 the conversions had Protestants, who are also "In a quiet way the Leipzig called Evangelicals, in Italy are and the Neuendettelsau Missions mounted to 300. C. T. B. not so weak numerically as many have taken an important step to- may believe. The government ward closer cooperation at the Lutheran World Convention census of 1911 estimated their home base and to divide all gifts number as 123,000. Since that received for both corporations The annual meeting of the time no religious census has been on the basis of a fixed ratio so as Executive Committee of the taken, but at present one may to prevent rivalry. It is hoped Lutheran World Convention for safely estimate the number of that by means of this collabora- 1934 was held November 12-20 Protestants as 200,000 communition the love of the Bavarian at Munich, Germany. Luther- cants. If we include catechumens, congregations for missions may ans of Munich declared that the sympathizers and other friends, be strengthened. mere appearance of the Execu- this number would be much tive Committee at this time for larger. "The missions are grievously a meeting in Germany was a affected by the contests now tak- source of helpful moral support Mussolini has written to all ing place in the Church and educators in Italy, according to there is danger that the missions to them in view of the issues the Watchman-Examiner, recomwill be ground between the exist- they have to meet. Enthusiasm mending the use of the New ing antitheses." shown by students and profes- Testament as follows: sors at a meeting of the Commit- Roman Catholic Methods tee at the University of Munich All professors and teachers shall attested the support of academic read the New Testament, shall ex- The Evanglisiches Missions- circles; while the farmers of plain this divine book to the children, magazin (Basel) reports on new Bavaria showed where they and see to it that they memorize the missionary methods employed stand when they sent a delega- best passages. This wok shall not be by the Roman Catholic Church. tion to Berlin to confer with Hit- missing in any school library, for it is F. X. Schrenck discusses the ler about pending issues, to ever new throughout the centuries. It question of a coming union be- whom unafraid, they said: "If is the greatest of all books, the most tween the Roman Catholic ''and the choice is between party and necessary of all books, because it is the Greek Orthodox Churches. ' church, although we have hither- divine. The national government de- to been loyal members of your sires by it tQ capture the children, and Pope Benedict XV founded a party, we choose the Church, for through them the soul of the Italian -p a par congregation separate we must obey God rather than people, for the discovery of the sure from the Propaganda, for the man." way which will lead the Fatherland Oriental churches. Next, Pius to the worthiest and truest greatness. XI founded the "Oriental Insti- The physical and spiritual distute" for the cultivation of ori- tress of Russian Lutherans, and Peasant Youth Movement ental sciences. In 1928 occurred the crisis upon Austrian Protesthe founding of the Russian Col- tants were considered. Other Last summer, in a small Eslege in Rome, the school for fu- vital problems were the plight of thonian village, the first conferture missionaries. minority Christian churches in ence of the Student Christian Rumania, and of most churches Movement in Esthonia was or- The most striking recent de- in the smaller countries border- ganized for the Russian peasant velopment is that occidental or- ing on Soviet Russia, from Fin- youth of that country. land on the North to the Black The response was extraor- Sea and Rumania on the South. The success of the Protestant movement in Ukrainia, already mentioned in the REVIEW, was ground for real encouragement.

Important missions i'n India, China and Africa, f 0 u n d e d through Lutheran Missionary Societies in Germany, have been

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

dinary. There were about 70 Symbolic Substitution year before. So it proved, when members present, of whom If present plans mature, by all the gifts came in. more than 50 were Russian -Woman's Missionary peasants, boys and girls, who 1937 ltussia will have a colossal Magazine. came from various parts of Es- symbol of the substitution of the thonia. Subjects discussed in- religion of communism for the Missionary Becomes an cluded: the Soul of the Russian religion of Christ, and of the Ethiopian Nation; Religion and Culture; the Life and Beliefs of Youth in deification of Lenin for the wor- Dr. Tom Lambie, well-known Soviet Russia, and Science and ship of God. Ground was broken medical missionary of the Sudan Religion. Daily church services last summer and construction Interior Mission, who worked were attended by large numbers was begun for the "Palace of the among Ethiopians for 30 years of peasants. Soviets," in Moscow, to occupy under the United Presbyterian Church, has decided that he can As a result of this conference the site where formerly stood the best present the Christian mesa Russian Christian Peasant world famous Cathedral of the sage by becoming an Ethiopian Youth M 0 vern e n t has been Saviour. It was demolished by citizen. Accordingly he has created, which has as its object: dynamite by government decree taken the oath of allegiance to shortly before Christmas three years ago. The structure will 1. To help its members to build their house the Soviet Congress, vari- His Majesty, Heila Selassie. private lives and the life of the Community on the foundation of Christian ous departments of government "Because of my love for Ethitruths. and two immense amphitheatres. opia," says Dr. Lambie, "because The building is planned to rise to 2. To organize missionary w 0 r k of my sincere desire to help her, among the unbelieving peasant youth. a height of 1,100 feet, 112 feet and because I believe that ac- 3. To assist one another in spiritual higher than the Empire State quiring Ethiopian citizenship is and cultural development. Building, so as to form a mighty the best thing I can do to further pedestal for a statue of Lenin the ends for which I have On the Polish-Russian Frontier that will rise 260 feet higher. worked for nearly 30 years, I do -Missions. now voluntarily become an Ethi- Rev. K. J. Jaroszewicz, as a opian citizen. representative of the Union of AFRICA Churches of Christ, spent the "I realize that there is an elepast summer in Poland and on Blind Evangelis,t's Faith ment of risk; that no matter what happens to me, I cannot apthe Russian border. The 40 con- Maallim Aziz, a blind evan- peal for American protection or ferences held were great evan- gelist in Assiut, Egypt, who died assistance, even in a matter of gelistic gatherings at which 100,- last year, was a man of unusual life or death, but I am prepared 000 heard the Gospel. Hunger character and influence. His work was akin to that of a Bible- to take that risk if it might be for the Word is best described woman; being blind, he could true, that to the Ethiopians I by the following incident which visit in the homes, and visit he might become as an Ethiopian, was a typical experience. that I might win the Ethiopians Arriving at Pinsk very late Satur- did with great faithfulness. He to Christ. day night, the local preacher tried to had a singular disregard for "To our friends in America hide us from the crowd which was al- money. One family was so apready on hand for the meetings of the preciative of his work that they and elsewhere, I need hardly add next day. He told the people that insisted he should make them a that I venture the hope that rethey could remain in the chapel over weekly visit for which they lationships •with them will be night, to sing, pray, talk and read the would pay him a dollar a month. even closer than ever. It will Bible, and that the first meeting would After a while he felt he was not not prevent visiting America start early in the morning. free to follow God's leading in whenever we wi.sh. As Paul the use of his time owing to this writes to the Philippians, our We went into the barn on the hay engagement. "I am a poor citizenship in in heaven from to try to get some sleep, but by the man," he said. My communion whence also we look for a Savtime we had nicely fixed ourselves the with God is the only treasure I iour." visitors discovered where we were. have. I cannot afford to give it These exclamations followed: "We up for a dollar." -United Presbyterian. have been waiting so long for you. It is not right that you should lie down In 1932 it seemed impossible A Missionary's Interruptions in sleep .while we have been waiting that the 'Assiut Thank-Offering three years for you!" There was noth- could equal that of the previous Those who offer prayers for ing to do but to climb out of the hay year in view of the financial de- missionaries should petition that and go to the chapel and preach to they may keep their poise in the them. When our host came in the midst of interruptions. A mismorning to call us we were in the chapel still. He took us home and gave us a little breakfast and about two hours of rest. The first service pression, and plans were made sionary in West Africa who sat started at 8 a. m. and closed at 1 p. m., for curtailing the work. Then with a full hundred converts. Aziz asked that such plans be down on a "normal" morning to type a letter home mentions the Everywhere one plea stood held in abeyance, saying he had following interruptions which out above the rest. It was for long been praying that the of- occurred before the letter was Bibles and missionaries. fering would not be less than the finished:

(1) An old faithful Christian comes out assistance from the Church WESTERN ASIA to discuss the boundary of his farm; Missionary Society. the local king is not settling the ques- The New Palestine tion as he should. (2) Two sawyers New Church in Tanganyika who have supplied timber for the While ancient Palestine may crafts come for payment and haggle The town which is, or will soon still be seen, a new Palestine for half an hour. (3) A deputation become the most important town with modern roads, farms and comes twelve miles to discuss the sit- on the east coast of Africa is factories is gradually emerging, uation caused by the death of the late Dar-es-Salaam, seat of govern- a transformation due to the comchief, and the difficulties arising from ment of Tanganyika Territory. ing of Jewish immigrants from the three claimants to the office. (4) The Episcopal Mission forces Europe and America. The J ew- A smaller deputation wants to know have just com pIe ted a new ish popUlation of Palestine has why their pupil teacher has been taken church there, for which the doubled in ten years. There are away, and requires proof that one can- Bishop of Zanzibar has been col- today more than 150 Jewish setnot have what one does not pay for. lecting funds for many years, tlements. Agriculture is being (5) I am called to the District Officer's from both Europeans and Afri- modernized, commerce stimucourt, where a young teacher is be- cans. The new church will be lated, and factories are built. ing prosecuted for libeling another used by both groups, in separate The country now claims fourth teacher. (6) The head master of the services, English and Swahili. place in the world market for lower middle school comes in with a The opening service was at- oranges. The Jordan's rapid question. (7) A youth who complains tended by the Governor and waters supply the country with that he is ill has to have his tempera- many other dignitaries, English electric energy, and even the ture taken and a dose administered. and African, and the form of Dead Sea yields through a scien- (8) Two ladies come to stay the week- service was printed in two lan- tific exploitation of its chemicals end, and to hold meetings. guages. Zanzibar is one of four a yearly income of millions of dioceses making up the field of dollars. The great majority of -C. M. S. Outlook. the Universities Mission to Cen- these Jews have little or no in- tral Africa. terest in religion; many openly African Enterprise declare their radical atheism. "Dorkasy" Society The story of two instances of – Watchman-Examiner. initiative comes from Kabete dis- The woman of Madagascar trict in Kenya. A school was has attained wide freedom; she In the Land of Bashan burned by a man who had op- reigns in her home, equally with posed the teaching of the Gospel. her husband, who often seeks her Mr. Arthur T. Upson who has Work was suspended for only advice. She also holds the fam- had a long experience in distribone day; on the second day it re- ily purse. uting Christian literature, espeopened under the trees where cially among Moslems, is now livfor some weeks school and serv- Attached to a I m 0 s t every ing in Nazareth. He recently ices were held. Meanwhile re- church is a Dorkasy, which is made a trip to the territory of building started almost at once. what the name suggests-a sew- Og, king of Bashan, lying in The Christian elders of the ing society. M e e tin g s are eastern Syria. In his account of church each offered what he usually held once a week to sew the trip he says: could towards the rebuilding- and work for the poor, and to one offered to give wattle trees, prepare for an annual sale of I preached in Arabic ten times in another stone, another nails, work, quite an elaborate affair. all, and in the various villages made others free labor. They then At these weekly meetings a short careful distribution of portions to sent a letter to all the other service is frequently held. These selected persons. On arriving at the churches in the Kab.ete district, societies each have their own house in a Druze village where the asking for help by work and by president, secretary and treas- meeting was to be held we found a gifts. In six weeks they had urer. Besides the weekly pay- very large room which easily accomraised a fund of over £15, suffi- ment which each member is sup- modated our audience of 60 or 70 percient to guarantee a better build- posed to pay, there are many sons. In the old Syrian style, a whole ing than the original. items of expense to be entered house consists of one such large room. week by week. Each Dorkasy No chairs, bedsteads, etc., are to be In another district there was is responsible for the expendi- found in these villages. Preacher and no church or school nearer than ture of its own money, and many hearers alike recline on rugs, some about six miles. A Christian causes receive assistance_ from supporting themselves on the right elder gave a plot of land and all them. The native missionary so- arm which rests on a pile of cushions. the wattle trees necessary for a ciety is helped twice a year; The audience formed three sides of a school-church, and undertook there are twenty-two native mis- square, facing us on the fourth side. full responsibility for the Sun- sionaries in the heathen parts of day services as soon as the the island, and the native church In one town, where three services church should be built. Every has supported this work for were held, a descendant of one of the school in the district gave its many years. -The Chronicle. old high Syrian families-now a fairly services and helped to build, and poor man-was given a copy of the when it was ready to be opened "Way of Salvation." Next night he there were sufficient funds in came again and told us he was sick of hand to equip it with a teacher a sinful life and wished to find the for one year. Both these proj- way of salvation. After the service ects were carried through with- we talked and prayed with him and his wife. At our third visit–a few days later-he told of his new joy in

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

finding Christ and that he now offers Great Britain's Inter – Varsity menial tasks, such as tending to a little family prayer with his wife. Fellowship, with two Indian the cattle, pounding the grain graduates, is m a kin g a six and sweeping the house. But -Scripture Gift Mission months' tour of the colleges, not she was a real Christian, and News. to start branches of the Fellow- these high caste people watching ship in India, but to share with her, were won by her faithful- Armenian Bible Centenary the students the experience of ness. The young woman who students in other parts of the led them to Christ and the girl A unique celebration among world who, having come into of the caste family have just enanniversaries and centennials vital touch with the Living tered the Bible Training School was held in New York City, De- Christ, are putting their shoul- in Nellore to train for definite cember 9. The year 1934 is re- ders to the missionary task. service. The caste girl is about garded as the 1500th anniver- twenty years old. She was marsary of the translation of the Proportion of Missionaries ried at the age of seven, and her whole Bible into Armenian. In husband died when she was nine. 434 A. D., two vigorous Arme- The United Church Record She is in the school, eating, sleepnians, Mesrop, tea c her and gives the percentage of mission- ing and living with those of the priest; and Sahak, a Patriarch, aries to the population of India. depressed classes." with the help of others, completed this first translation. BOMBAY PRESIDENCY: – Watchman-Examiner. They also inspired the translation of other works, stimulated One missionary to every 37,575 In- Pasumalai's Growth education, and brought about a dian population. renaissance of national religious Lloyd Lorbeer, manager of the and intellectual life that has in- UNITED PROVINCES: Congregational Training School fluenced all the varied history of at Pasumalai, writes that enrol- Armenia and the Armenians. One missionary to every 66,956 In- ment increased to 912 last year, The recent celebration was spon- dian population. and the increase was largely sored by the American Bible So- Hindu and Moslem. Parents ciety. -The Living Church. CENTRAL PROVINCES: appreciate more and more the home for their children where INDIA One missionary to every 42,639 In- they are surrounded twenty-four dian population. hours a day with a wholesome re- Need for Forward Movement ligious environment; there is no PUNJAB: caste or communal distinction. Red terror which oppresses Girls are increasing in numbers China is not lacking in India. One missionary to every 60,690 In- and in participation in school af- The Central Government has dian population. fairs, and eight of the forty-five warned provincial authorities to teachers are women. More boys take swift and stern action, and BURMA: are working to earn part of their Calcutta leads with mass demon- expenses, and work is being strations to strengthen the hands One missionary to ev~ry 37,700 In- looked upon more as a privilege. of authority. A more urgent, dian population. An ever larger portion of the evangelistic presentation of financial support is coming from Christianity to meet India's pres- MADRAS: Indian sources and the school ent need is the subject of impor- has become thoroughly indigetant articles in the Indian press. One missionary to every 41,124 In- nous. -Missionary Herald. Mass movements also are crit- dian population. ically surveyed, and the conclu- Roadside Dispensaries sion is reached that unless the CEYLON: converts receive systematic in- In a radio address, Dr. Ida struction and Church care after One missionary to every 32,973 In- Scudder told of the roadside disbaptism their value to the dian population. pensary work undertaken by the Church is largely negatived. At medical force in Vellore to meet Landour, the United Church of RAJPUTANA: the great need of neighboring Canada, American Presbyterian villages. This was begun in Mission, and the Methodist Epis- One missionary to every 14,363 In- 1909. copal Mission have been in con- dian population. ference, discussing the principles The people had been informed that of the indigenous expansion of CENTRAL INDIA: at an appointed time the following the Church. Practically all In- week medicines would be dispensed dian missions are grappling with One missionary to every 75,171 In- and anyone needing medical help the problem of bringing Indian dian population. would receive it-but the person must Christians to a realization of be along the roadside and hold up a their responsibility for evangel- However, these figures do not bottle if help were desired. The folizing their own people. tell the whole story, since half of lowing week we started forth in a the missionaries are engaged in one cylinder motor car-the only one Dr. Howard Guinness, of medical, educational and indus- at that time in our vicinity. The road trial work, thus giving to each was lined for its twenty-eight miles evangelistic missionary twice the number of population above specified.

Servant Wins Caste Family "On the Vinukonda fie I d, South India, there is a Kamma family which became Christian about two years ago, and are proof of the power of God," writes Florence Rowland, Bap- tist missionary of Ramapatnam. "They had had in their home an outcaste Christian, who did the

with the sick stretching forth their They readily grasped the essen- tion of a more Christian organbottles. In one way it was amusing, at the same time very pathetic. It tials of orderly debate. ization of the Chinese economic The chief problems w h i c h system, missionaries in Nanking showed the distress and the necessity for such help. After that trip, nine faced the conference were (1) are undertaking a new experi- stopping places were planned under the supply of the Tibetan min- ment. Silk weavers, thrown out great over-spreading trees where the sick could gather and wait for the istry, (2) the augmentation of of work by changing conditions, medical motor car. Now each week the staff of evangelists, (3) the are being taught to weave wool; the blind, the lame, the diseased of all reestablishing of the West Hima- and in addition to the technical kinds and the lepers are waiting for laya Local Board, (4) the revi- training a cooperative society of us. They come in hundreds, and the sion of rules and regulations the workers is being formed to days are filled with extreme activity. which grew out of past experi- share the profits. A further de- ence gathered since the last field velopment of the cooperative We meet diseases, the description of which do not seem to appear in our medical books of the West. Often conference of 192'0. idea was the organization of slight operations are done along the roadside-even to the extent of giving The growth of the church ih ricksha men, resulting in a chloroform for the worst cases. The the direction of a keener sense greatly improved e con 0 m i c very sick are treated and told to wait of responsibility, the desire for status for these lowly workers.

until evening when the ambulance will a workable machinery of church When the kind of organization return and take them to the hospital. So urgent has been the demand for government, and the urge for best suited to each situation has greater unity in church life off- been worked out on a small scale, this medical aid that at present we are covering four roads instead of set the meager numerical results it can be duplicated all over one. of long years of strenuous work China. It will be an effective Aged Convert in Mysore among these people. The keen challenge to Communism. The interest, and intelligent partici- program is to get college grad- Mr. Neilson, of Mysore City, pation in the debates, and the uates, men and women, to give unity of purpose among Tibetan tells of an Indian Christian from Christians presented a hopeful two years or more of their lives Dehra Dun, United Provinces, outlook for the future. eighty years old, who testifies to to going into these areas and livhaving been a convert from Is- -Moravian Missions. lam for the past fifty years. He ing very close to the people to Malayan Mission Jubilee was formerly a cloth merchant, find out their needs and then reand gave up his business in order Methodists in Malaya cele- brated the Jubilee of Methodist port higher up. From this exto travel through India preach- periment it is hoped a more ef- fective Christian civilization will emerge. -World Call.

ing and singing the Gospel in work in Singapore, Straits Set- Communists Active Urdu. Several opportunities of tlement in January. This miswitnessing for Christ were afforded him in Mysore. His re- sion was founded by Bishop A recrudescence of commumarkable memory, so abundantly James M. Thoburn. Bishop W. nist trouble is reported from the F. Oldham, the first Anglo-Chistored with Scripture verses (in nese School in Singapore, the diocese of Kwangsi-Hunan. The fact he claims to have memo- pioneer of a group of schools situation became so threatening that the Chinese clergy of the rized the entire Bible in Urdu) which now enroll 15,000 pupils has earned for him the title of C. M. S. asked all missionaries "Hafiz-i-Bible," w hi c h means was founded by Bishop W. F. (to leave for a time. Similar "One who has the whole Bible by Oldham who was pastor of the heart." His preaching, inter- first Methodist Church in Ma- troubles in Fukien prevented spersed by snatches of song, was laya, which now numbers 132 some missionaries from returnenjoyed by s eve r a I indoor churches. A forthcoming his- ing after their holidays. At groups; and it is hoped that this, Loyuan the hospital was looted, and his street message will find tory of Methodism's development and in the country districts a place in Moslem hearts. in Singapore will cover various phases of the work, including the around Lienkong the bishop -Fellowship of Faith for generous cooperation of the Chi- says, "A regular Soviet govern- nese; the devoted labors of In- ment has been set UP, with Sov- iet stamps, etc., and the redivi- Moslems. dian and Chinese pastors and sion of the land has actually been laymen; the missionaries who carried out. It may be some West Himalaya Field have carried the Good News to time before normal conditions laborers on distant rubber es- are restored."-The Christian. The future of the Moravian tates, to the Sakai aborigines, Mission in Western Tibet was and to thousands of Asiatic Eng- The General Tours the discussed at a field conference at lish-speaking people. Provinces . Leh last August. In recent years -The Christian Advocate. Tibetan Christians have devel- General Chiang Kai-shek and oped a keener sense of constitu- CHINA Madame Chiang have recently tional church government, so that they are in a better position New Task for Missions made an extensive itinerary, fly- ing to the widely scattered prothan formerly to legislate for the Feeling that the cooperative vincial cap ita I s throughout future church of Christ in Tibet. principle is one step in the direc- China, and other cities of com-

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

mercial and strategic impor- ological Seminary. It has grown a victrola with both Western and tance, in order to form closer under his leadership until there Chinese records is very popular contacts with the people. Five is now a congregation of 1,000 and the game of skittles is their years ago this would not have who meet every Sunday morning great delight. Reclining wicker been possible; the fact that the for an hour of reverential wor- chairs furnish a place to relax or general can now travel all over ship. All are earnest, eager stu- sleep, and a Chinese nurse looks China, without a bodyguard to dents from as many as six of the after the simpler medical needs. defend him against assassination schools in Swatow. Not only are In addition, "Thousand Characby rival war lords, is evidence of they deeply interested in this ter" lessons are provided, enprogress. They were enthusias- hour of worship, but they gear abling the coolie to lift himself tically received wherever they their religious enthusiasm to va- to the possibility of a better powent, and showed a deep interest rious projects to help Christian- sition. in the Christian movement. ize the community life. They explicitly sought to enlist -The Presbyterian Banner. An unforeseen development Christians in the "New Life has been the influx of children Movement" which is seeking to National Churches who come to listen to the music. enlist China's 400,000,000 people To keep the Shelter freed for the in a program which is in har- The National Christian Coun- men, the workers have contrived mony with Christian ideals, al- cil of China issues a Bulletin a Children's Hour with Bible though it makes no definite men- which gives some up-to-date fig- stories, music and games. tion of Christianity. ures in regard to Chinese Chris- tians. There are four national -The Living Church. -The Presbyterian Banner. churches: Anglican with 32,390 communicants; Lutheran with Women's Practical Service The Christian Drive in 1934 23,930; Presbyterian with 22,- 701 and Church of Christ (Un- The Women and Girls' Mis- The Chinese Recorder sums up ion) 119,746. In addition there sionary Service League has the achievements on evangelistic are numerous mission stations branches in the eleven dioceses lines during 1934. In general, maintained by missionary soci- of China. It was started about there have been many cam- eties whose headquarters are in thirteen years ago and is similar paigns of evangelism throughout Australia, England, America, to the Mothers' Union, with parthe churches. There has been an Canada, Germany, Nor way, ticular emphasis on the winning indigenous revival movement in Sweden, Denmark and Finland. o f non-Christians. Eve r y Shantung,-a movement within The China Inland Mission has Wednesday afternoon the M. S. Christian circles in China. The 77,277 baptized Christians; in L. members meet for Bible read- Bethel Band, a group of Chinese the missions of the British, Ca- ing and prayer, with a social evangelists, visited between Au- nadian, American and European hour. Requests for prayer and gust, 1930 and January, 1934, 91 Societies there are almost 400,- praise are given out and encourlarge cities, including the largest 000. The Lutheran Church in age many to pray and to witness. in population. In the same peri- China, known as "Sin I Hui," These meetings are attended by od they organized a total of 777 has 63 stations maintained by church workers, Bible women, Gospel teams throughout the ten churches and societies in oth- and volunteers; they are open country. Though linked with a er lands. In these missions there to any church member, whether foreign mission group the work are 326 missionaries, 58 Chinese rich or poor, educated or not edis thoroughly indigenous; its clergymen and 23,390 communi- ucated. leaders are all educated, its in-' cants. fluence is growing. The Oxford Each member is invited to Group Movement in China has Adventure in Brotherhood contribute at least one article to registered large growth in 1934. the annual sale usually held a Its main promotors have been The j inricksha coolie has a month before Christmas. This missionaries, although Chinese bitter lot. Underfed, exposed to sale realizes from $1,000 to $2,- are responding in many places. extremes of weather, exploited 000, and the proceeds are divided The Five Year Movement, clos- and despised, it is small wonder among the most pressing needs ing in 1934, has helped deepen his average life of service is only of the diocese, such as rent of the con sci 0 usn e s s of the 15 years. Unable to remain in- mission hall, training and supchurches as to their mission. different to the hard lot of these port of Bible women, and care of Lastly, In 1934 a Christian cam- men and boys-some begin at the sick. . paign for spiritual and moral the age of 10-the Protestant upbuilding among the youth of Episcopal Mission in Auking One League member holds a China was launched. opened a Ricksha Shelter a year children's service in her home ago to provide recreation, shel- once a week; others go into Chinese Youth Church ter, and rest to many tired men. heathen homes and teach the In winter a coal fire is provided Gospel. -C. M. S. Gleaner. S w a tow has a "Youth where the men can dry their wet Church," built up by Dr. D. H. garments and warm themselves; Suppom for Christian Colleges Zi, a graduate of Hartford The- hot tea is theirs for the asking; The China Colleges is the name of a new pUblication put out by the Associated Boards for

Christians Colleges in China. In ship and all the neighbors, in- ,JAPAN-CHOSEN its second issue it describes the vited and uninvited, drop in, too, way in which the Chinese are be- to see the excitement. By this A Positive Attitude ginning to share in the support system the family and friends at of Christian colleges. least discover what "family wor- Rev. L. C. M. Smythe was ship" is like. From this the cus- deeply impressed by two special For some time the national govern- tom has grown up during the meetings which he attended in ment has been quietly making a study last two years that any special Tokyo, and records the impresof all the universities and colleges in occasion be celebrated with a sion in the Christian Observer. China, apart from the government in- special meal and a family worstitutions, to determine which of them, ship service. It has increased These meetings were not nearly as in this time of economic stress, are very much the interchange of in- large as many I have seen here, one most worthy of public endorsement vitations among the church being of about 600 people and the othand support. A few weeks ago it an- women, and drawn them closer er perhaps half as many. But they nounced that it would this year grant to one another in the common were one hundred per cent; Japanese, $720,000, silver, to a selected list of purpose of penetrating more ef- and local. No missionary had anythirty-two institutions. All the uni- fectively their own homes and thing to do with getting them up, nor versities and colleges in the Associ- neighborhoods with the Good was any outside financial help or outated Boards are included in the list, News. side speaker obtained; the local and together will receive $232,000. churches and local pastors did the The National Government has recent- Children's Day in Soochow whole thing. Each meeting was adly turned over to the University of dressed by five men, pastors or lay- Nanking the first half of its gift of China has a National Chil- men, each speaking twenty minutes. $200,000, silver, for a new library dren's Day, and last year schools, Every man had something to say and building, and will soon be paying the churches, cit y organizations, said it. These were all Christian remainder. Nanking also receives shops, theaters, banks, news- speeches, from a Japanese viewpoint, from Chinese sources about $80,000 a papers, orphanages and factories without any compromise, declaring year for the support of its work in in Soochow-all did their best to that Christianity was Christianity and agriculture. make "Happiness for Children." not to be changed and accommodated to prevailing national needs; one man Revival in Shensi The program emphasized two declaring that Japan's mission to the phases of child life, public enter- world was to let Christianity work in The general secretary of the tainment and home life. In con- Japan, leaven the Japanese spirit, and Church of Christ in China, Dr. sidering the former, the question then give that to the world. One man C. Y. Cheng, with a team of as- of movies was the first to come brought out the fact that the Kingdom sociates recently concluded a re- up; a committee called on the of God is international and universal, treat in the far interior province manager of the Soochow Theater that no one nation can be saved withof Shensi among the churches of and was able to get the promise out all the others being saved, and the synod in that province. In of three performances for a very that when the Kingdom comes the one of the centers, 700 have been small cover charge. There were world becomes a great family of God.' baptized during the last 12 twelve hundred children packed months and 600 enquirers are at in for each performance on each Campaign for Aoyama Gakuin present in the course of training, of the three days. The Bureau preparatory to baptism. The of Public Safety sent six extra A year ago Aoyama Gakuin in membership has increased in policemen to protect the children Tokyo set out to raise 500,000 that one place 1000/0. During the from the traffic jam. yen, of which America was to three days conference, everyone supply 200,000. The Japanese of these 700 new communicants For the other phase of the soon found that in addition to and 500 old timers, 1,200 in all, program, "The Child in the their own three-fifths, they must were in attendance. Home," there was a complete ex- raise the American quota as well hibit at the Kong Hong Church -and they resolved to do it. The -The Presbyterian Banner. open each afternoon from two manager of the campaign was a to six o'clock, with lectures from Y. M. C. A. secretary, who gave Lunch and Family Prayers three to four. The child's desk, 'up a better salary to do the job. bookcase, magazine rack, books, He was a skillful organizer, but The typical Chinese woman of pictures, curtains, the well-se- the secret of his success was his the lower middle class has her lected toys and a place to put unceasing and importunate social contacts, except those in them, the games, a blackbeard prayer. The Christian Advocate the family, entirely with wom- to catch the marks that often reports that four-fifths of the en, as the man has his with men, mar the walls, blocks, tables, total has been pledged, mostly in the tea shops and in the rear and chairs – all gave valuable by Japanese, and there was a of small stores. The "Five-Year suggestions to the hundreds of fair prospect that the campaign Movement" has emphasized the parents seeking helps in develop- would go over the top with nuimportance of "family worship" ing their children into the best merous SUbscriptions, large and in the home. Many women can- of citizens. -World Outlook. small, from Japanese business not bring their families to see men who attended the school; a the value of this, so they begin fact which reveals the lasting inby inviting in a few Christian fluence of the school upon the friends for lunch, after which lives of its students. everyone gathers for family wor- Morale Must Be Maintained The usual amount for repairs allowed by business firms in J a-

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

pan is three per cent of the prop- two or three children's relief in- resenting many local societies in erty value. The Episcopal Mis- stitutions in the famine district, the churches of the Province, sion in Kyoto tries to get along and in addition to find as many adopted a constitution and with six-tenths of one per cent Christian families as possible agree to work for an extension for repairs, because of reduced who will take in girls in danger of information and interest in appropriation. But the moral of being sold into a life of vice. every church. Seventeen of the effect of neglect and delay is fifty places of worship reported. serious. "You know the spirit of -The Christian Century. Many important plans were the people here," one missionary made, looking toward deeper wrote after the last typhoon. Survey of Korea's Christian spirituality and larger service. "Repairs begin the moment the Population earthquake stops and the wind – Watchman-Examiner. falls. There is no despair. Anti- Korean Christians reported Christian papers are telling of the following figures at the jubi- Revising the Register America going communist and lee of the Presbyterian Mission churches going out of business in Korea: A recent checking was made and foreign missions b e i n g of the parish register for St. stopped; so we must show that Korean m e m b e r s of all Anne's Mission, Besao, and its we mean to go on." churches outstations, in the Philippine Islands. The staff devoted the Church for Deaf and Dumb Oriental Missionary Society. . 2,332 school vacation period to going Seventh Day Adventists …. 3,084 over everyone of the 2,027 Mr. K. Takahashi, graduate of English Church Mission …. 6,548 names on the register and ended North Japan College, has taught Salvation Army ………… 6,927 with but fifteen unidentified aftfor 20 years in an Osaka school Methodist Church ………. 19,555 er combing twenty or more surfor the blind, deaf and dumb. Presbyterian Church ……. 103,302 rounding villages for informa- Ten years ago the school was di- tion. Native names are readily vided, and Mr. Takahashi was (73,657 connected with N. P. Missions) changed, and the same child may made principal of the school for sometimes, innocently appear the deaf and dumb. About 300 Non-Roman Total …… 141,748 twice for baptism. Deaths were children are enrolled. A church Roman Catholic ………… 127,643 not always reported. Parents has been erected adjoining the were usually not Christian, godcampus, where preaching is done (Including Baptized Children) parents were sometimes inacby signs, and singing by posture. tive, and the numbers were too It is the first and only deaf and Total …………….. 269,391 many for the few pastors to care dumb church in Japan. for In addition to this communi- Mr. Takahashi is one of the cant membership there is the Besao church people are now most prominent Christians in great body called "Other Adher- being card-indexed as well as Osaka and is in demand as a lec- ents" which includes catechu- registered, and as the staff of naturer before teachers' and par- mens, who are enrQlled and re- tive catechists slowly increases, ents' meetings. He keeps in close ceive regular instruction; bap- the work will become more satistouch with the parents, as well tized children, also enrolled and factory. as with the children after their under instruction; also those graduation from the school. He who, while not on the roll, are They Use Their Heads often arranges marriages for known as Christians-most of them. -Outlook of Missions. them members of the families of Enrolment at Damaguete Bi- those already enrolled. In 1932- ble School is larger than ever, Christian Work for Children 33 (the 1933-34 figures are not and scholarship standards stead- yet finished) they numbered, in ily rise. From the mountain One of the most outstanding the Methodist and Presbyterian tribes of Luzon, once head-hunpieces of public service yet Churches, 218,565. While there ters, have come two students to undertaken by organized Chris- are not so many in the other the Dumaguete Bible School, tianity was that decided upon by bodies, their total must be well Philippine Islands. Both were the National Christian Council over 230,000. We therefore have high s c h 0 0 I valedictorians. on behalf of destitute children in Korea today, in a population When they finish they will rein the famine area of Northeast of roughly 20 millions, not less turn as the first Christian pas- Japan. This was at the sug- than half a million known Chris- tors to their people. Seven jungestion of Mr. Kagawa, whose tians. There are thousands iors in this school are doing trial original pro p 0 s a I was that more, once identified with the work out in the country. They united Protestantism place a Church, who have moved to vil- are meeting all sorts of opposithousand children in Christian lages where there is no church tion, says Miss M. Alice Towne. homes throughout the empire organization, and yet they are One lad after working hard to and support them for a period faithful. -Stanley Soltau. get a chapel had it broken into of from six months to one year. and desecrated. Two girls are in It was later decided to establish ISLANDS OF THE PACIFIC the mountains living on $1 a month, plus a little food. Often Philippine W. C. U.

During the summer of 1934, the Women's Christian Union of Iloilo Province, P. I., was organ- ized. More than 250 women, rep-

they have only rice and corn to Java. After allowing for Chris- sionaries of the Am e ric an eat. One teaches first grade with tians in Java who have come Board. About 1,000 people as- a single book. They fill every from outside, such as Chinese sembled about the monument minute of the day and evening Christians and those of animis- which marks the spot where with activities in the village. tic origin from Celebes or other these men laid down their lives -American Board News. islands, there remain in Java for the Master. 60,000 Christian church mem- A representative of the Dutch Practical Peace Proposal bers who are all of Islamic ori- Government, expressed fine ap- gin. Either they or their fathers preciation of the influence of From the Philippines comes a or grandfathers were converts Christian missions. single peace proposal. The suggestion is that nations pair off from Islam. Of these, rather Seven men who are descendtheir citizens and exempt them ants of the village group refrom fighting in any war which more than two-thirds are con- sponsible for the tragedy a hunmay be declared between two nected with the Dutch Protes- dred years ago are leaders in the nations, as legislators on oppos- tant and Calvinistic Missions, Batak Christian church. ing sides of a bill pair off when they prefer not to vote. and the remainder with the Ro- -Missionary Herald.

The idea was born on Armis- man Catholics. MISCELLANEOUS tice Day, 1933, at a meeting of A new venture, the result of Moslems and Christians held to Dr. Grenfell Meets Dr. pray for peace. Among the sign- a carefully thought out policy, Schweitzer ers are twelve Sultans, and nearly two hundred Sheiks, Hadjis, was tried at Malang, where ten In Edinburgh last November, Imams, Panditas and guros as years ago there were no Chris- Sir Wilfred Grenfell of Labrawell as over a thousand other dor and Dr. Albert Schweitzer Moslems. There also appear the tians. A hospital, schools and a of Equatorial Africa met at a names of 200 Christian Filipi- theological school were built. A luncheon arranged by Dr. G. F. nos, 20 Americans, 18 Chinese, Barbour Simpson. Everyone and four Japanese. This propo- considerable number of Chris- present felt the dramatic elesal has been sent to kings and tians migrated there, especially ment in the meeting of these two presidents of forty-five nations, as workers in the hospital. The Christian pioneers. Dr. Simpson and to Pope Pius XI. afterward remarked: "I could number of Christians in Malang only compare the occasion with -Missionary Herald. and the neighborhood has now that famous meeting between Livingstone and Stanley." Dr. Sturdy Christians in Samoa reached 500, and there are about Schweitzer and Sir Wilfred fifty adult baptisms every year. talked together for two hours, Evangelistic work is carried on, under the direction of the mis- sionaries, by Javanese pastors and by students of the theologi- cal school. -Nation Christian Council Review.

The Church in Samoa, insti- The Dyaks of Borneo each growing enthusiastic about tuted by the London Missionary the other's work in such differ- Society, is a great missionary C. R. Deibler of the Alliance ent climatic conditions.

organization. Two hundred Mission writes in The Pioneer: Samoans are ordained ministers During the last four months I have "I Want a Christian Injection" in charge of churches in which there are 8,000 members and had the joy of baptizing 628 Dyaks, At. the annual meeting of the 30,000 other adherents. Samoan the privilege of establishing three new Mission to Lepers a missionary people are habitually lavish in churches, the opportunity of preach- told of a woman who was willing sharing their possessions. They ing to hundreds of Dyaks who heard are exceeded by none in sponta- the Gospel for the first time, and the to walk twenty miles to a misneous generosity, contributing realization of a cherished desire to sion station and twenty miles not only to the support of the witness to the Dyak of the heart of back to get her injection when home church, but to other mis- Borneo. Besides these, I have had a she could have had it near where sions also. regular ministry among the Dyak she lived. "I want a Christian Christians, and now the joy of begin- injection," was her remark, and A· joyous celebration of the ning construction on the first Dyak Centenary in 1930 included the church building. However, what has you know there is a difference dedication, free of debt, of a new already been accomplished is as noth- between an injection adminischurch costing £7,000. ing compared with what is yet to be tered by a Christian and that done. Dyaks come in canoes to convey done by someone who is merely -The Chronicle. me to their villages to teach them of paid for it; a difference in the Christ, and often I must send them back with a promise to come as soon touch and the hand that is be- as possible.

Christianity in Java Honoring Christian Martyrs hind it, animated by a heart that is radiating the love of Christ.

J ava's population is over 40,- The Rhenish missionaries in That woman had come twenty 000,000 and with a few excep- Sumatra held an impressive me- miles and was willing to walk tions all are Moslems. Until the morial service on the centenary twenty miles back in order to get last few years, a third of all the of the martyrdom of Samuel a "Christian injection."

pilgrims to Mecca came from Munson and Henry Lyman, mis- -Conquest by Healing.

'~II====~========================~I'~

Our Missionary Bookshelf Books Briefly Reviewed for the Readers' Information Recent Developments in German through the deviations from Lu- Japanese freely opened their Protestantism. By Otto Piper. 48. hearts to him, and officials and Student Christian Movement Press. ther's theology, through the war- people respected and honored London. 1934. him. After forty years of serv- time experience of Germany and ice he and his equally devoted The Church Controversy in Germany. wife returned to America in By Andera Nygren. 28. 6d. Stu- the post-war reaction. He then 1928 as honorably retired mis- dent Christian Movement Press. sionaries of the Presbyterian London. 1934. interprets the theological cur- Church in the U. S. A. In this small but important book, which The courageous struggle of rents in contemporary Germany, he says is "no disguised attempt at biography," Dr. Pie r son German pastors against coercion emphasizing the new under- vividly describes the experiences by the State has won the admira- of an evangelistic missionary in tion of thoughtful people around standing of Luther and the new Japan. The principal character, the world, but the deeper mean- "Andrew Strong," is "an ideal, ing and import of the conflict are interest in the social outreach of a composite of several rural misgenerally not clearly understood. sionaries"; but this reviewer, For those who desire to get be- the Christian Gospel. The in- who knows Dr. Pierson's life and work in Japan, has no hesineath the surface of the German fluence of Karl Barth is a part tation in terming the author scene, these two little books are himself a fine example of the invaluable. The first, written by of the picture, as is also that of "ideal" which he modestly disa young German theologian who claims. Those who do not know was removed from his chair at Paul Tillich, whose "critical the need of rural evangelism in the University of Munster by the Japan, and how richly fruitful it Nazi authorities, gives a thor- realism" is regarded as of great is, should read this book. ough analysis of the theological significance for the thinking of ARTHUR J. BROWN. and historical background of the German Protestantism of today. the younger generation. India's Social Heritage. By L. S. S. The second, written by a profes- O'Malley. 194 pp. $2. Oxford sor in the University of Sund, The rise of the so-called "Ger- University Press, New York. 1934. Sweden, is a narrative of what has happened during the present man Faith Movement," which The author, a retired member struggle. of the Indian Civil Service, gives has gained force as a rival of a simple statement of the prin- As analyzed by Dr. Piper the cipal features of the social sysmaj or issue in the German strug- Christianity by magnifying the tem of India. Successive chap- ters deal with caste, the degle is not one that concerns Ger- old Teutonic myths and the pressed classes, the frontier many alone but is of significance tribes, tribes of the interior, the for the whole world. It is this: spirit of racialism, is also por- village community, the family, To what extent can Christianity marriage, the purdah system, attain a national form without trayed. It is conceived, in part, and social changes in modern losing its universality and ab- times. He makes very little mensoluteness? This, it will be read- as a protest against a theology tion of the work of Christian ily seen, is a question of vital im- missions, but the book could be portance, especially for the for- that was too detached from the used as supplementary reading eign missionary movement. Dr. on the topics discussed. The active life of the Church and the treatment is factual, with refer- Piper shows that theological ac- ences to older authorities. tivity in Germany has, from the experience of the people. In the D. J. FLEMING. outset, been animated by a desire present situation in Germany the to give to Christian truth an expression adapted to the charac- chief aspect-as Dr. Piper sees teristics peculiar to the Germans. He traces this development it-is that the true meaning of through the medireval mystics of Germany, through L u the r, the Gospel is so obscured that "nationality has been placed above evangelical values."

Prof. Nygren's little book tells the story of the struggle of the protesting pastors, now organ- ized in the "Confessional Synod,"

down to September of last year.

It is a vivid and an inspiring story. S. M. CAVERT.

Let Us Go Into the Next Town. By George P. Pierson. 93 pp: $1. Revell. New York. 1934.

Dr. George Pierson is the type of missionary that one loves to know and read about. As a mis- sionary in Japan for forty years he presented a sound evangelical message, tirelessly, faithfully, tactfully and persuasively. The Any of the books noted in these columns will be sent by the REVIEW publishers on receipt of price.

[157 ]

Financial Recovery for the Local Ploughed Under. The Story of a to an African to live on a white Little Lover, told by Amy Car- man's plantation and reports Church. By Julius Earle Crawford. michael. A Dohnavur Book. 12 mo. some of the injustices suffered 204 pp. $1. Cokesbury Press, Nash- 155 pp. 68. 6d. S. P. K. London. under British laws, which may ville. 1934. (Obtainable in America from Hope have been imposed with the best Church Sunday School, Semple and of intentions. The chapters on This book, by one who is ex- Cote Brilliante Aves., St. Louis, Life in Kenya and on Education ceptionally.qualified to deal with Mo.) are e s p e cia 11 y illuminating. Africans of the Kikuyu tribe so complex and so vitally impor- Few books are so fascinating who have not changed their retant a theme, is the outgrowth of as this rarely beautiful story- ligion believe that God has two extended practical experience. true and told in a charming forms, white and black, and they In constant contact with the style. A little Indian child began pray to both. They have great churches throughout the South to ask questions that his Hindu faith in charms, incantations for years past, Dr. Crawford father could not answer: "Who and witch doctors to cure dis- is the greatest god; the god who ease, break drought, and to undo brings clarity of vision and san- made things; the god who can the evil wrought by sorcery. ity of judgment into well bal- change people's hearts? Where They have definite moral codes anced treatment of this problem do dear little children go when and customs which should not be they die?" None of the child's discarded unless replaced by betwhich just now affects prac- relatives could answer her desire ter. The period of change from tically every church. for knowledge. The story de- old to new is especially difficult scribes her search, her struggles, and calls for wisdom. Dancing, Starting with a comprehensive her finding, her sufferings and drinking, marriage, slavery and her joyful experiences in the methods of tribal government all view of the church's chief pur- Dohnavur Fellowship of service. require careful study in order to "Star of Grace" (Arulgi Tara), do away with the evil elements pose, her message, program and as she was called, gives us an in- and to preserve the good. timate view of Hindu life, beachievements, the author leads liefs and customs as met in One of the greatest obstacles South India. We see the thorny in the way of the educated on directly to a swift survey of road that those must travel African accepting the Christian there who would follow Christ. religion is due to the humiliating several typical plans of support The story also reveals the work- un-Christian race and class dis- ing of a prayer hearing and tinctions – especially as shown as followed first in Jerusalem, prayer answering God. We by British and Americans – in- come into deeper understanding cluding missionaries. Antioch and Corinth. The au- of the Dohnavur Fellowship in the work of rescuing and train- Mr. Mockerie's book offers a thor finds their common denom- ing for Christ Hindu boys and good tonic to anyone planning to girls. Here we see depicted the work among Africans. inator in the application of the great need of India and the only Power that can and does meet The Ideals of the East and W'est. By fundamental principles of Chris- that need. Kenneth Saunders. pp. 248. $2.50. tian stewardship, which he pro- Macmillan. New York. 1934. ceeds to set forth succinctly An African Speaks for His People. and interprets compellingly. By Parmenas Githendu Mockerie. The author dedicates his book Then he presents the premier Foreword by Julian Huxley. 8 vo. to the Gaekwar of Baroda, at leadership required from the 95 pp. 38. 6d. Hogarth Press. whose suggestion it was written. pastor, indispensably sup p 1e- London. 1934. It is a study of the ethical ideals mented by the enlistment of the of various peoples which the auentire body of laity, men and Here is a clear and striking thor says "does not aim at comwomen. In such a combination, picture of how the educated pleteness or claim originality." ample support of the Church, African black man looks on the The ethical ideals which are conand of her far-reaching enter- white man and his civilization. sidered are those of India, the prise throughout the world, fol- Mr. Mockerie a young Kikuyu, Chi n e s e, the Japanese, the lows inevitably. Her building trained in Kenya, British East Greeks, the Hebrews and Chrisrequirements are also met with- Africa, was sent to England to tianity. It is interesting to note out resort to questionable meth- represent his people and lived that the ethics of India are dealt ods. Then there looms up clearly, two years in Europe. He de- with under that title but the and in due proportion the King- scribes his visit to the strange ethics of the Chinese, the J ~pa­ dom of God, the great objective white man's country and tells nese, the Greeks and the Hetoward which all lines of ac- frankly what he thought of brews under the name, not of the tivity should converge. European ways of life. He also land but of the people. In the pictures life in Kenya, interprets case of Christianity it is not the The remaining chapters, VIII the tribal customs and shows the land or the people that is dis- faults and advantages of foreign cussed so much as the system as to XII, deal with detailed plans rule and education. For in- construed and interpreted by Dr. stance, he shows what it means for raising the local Church budget and the enlisting of the membership as a whole in the entire program of the Church, the author gives some inspiring concrete illStances drawn from the actual experience of the Church. The general reader's in- terest may lag, when it comes to the minutia necessary to work out successful plans, but church officers will find here what con- stitutes a compendium of real value. DAVID MCCONAUGHY.

OUR MISSIONARY BOOKSHELF

Saunders. Each chapter is fol- baptized Prote,stant Christians which knowledge is superseded, number 243,077 and the total but rather a discipline akin to lowed by brief excerpts from the Christian community at least meditative prayer by which all 600,000 or about one per cent of the powers of our being are conreligious literature of the people. the population. Miss Koto Ya- trolled and concentrated for the mamoto tells of the "Forward vision of the highest." The Christology of the chapter Movement A m 0 n g Japanese Women"-political and social, R.E. S. on Christian ethics is not the educational and international, industrial and rural. She deals Das Buch der Deutschen Weltmis- Christology of the Christian with movements rather than sion. In Verbindung mit den Evan- with leaders and the record is gel i s c hen Missionsgesellschaf- Church, and one may be sure one which girls have reason for ten. Herausgegeben von D. Julius encouragement. Unfortunately Richter, D.D. 331 pp. 138 illus. that the last critical judgment the chapter on activities of wom- Gotha: Leopold Klotz Verlag. en in the church was not rethat will be formed with regard ceived in time for publication. This is an extraordinarily in- teresting contribution to the litto the New Testament will not In Formosa only two societies erature of missions, due to the are at work, with a foreign staff indefatigable industry of the be the judgment assumed in this of 49 and a native staff of 290. compiler with the cooperation of book. The Aborigines who number fifty-three others who represent 200,000 are almost wholly neg- the leadership in German mis- As the title indicates, the book sions at home and abroad. As lected. an encyclopedia of German misdeals with ideals rather than sions, an art gallery of mission- The Katha Upanishad. By J. N. Raw- ary history, and a tribute to the with practices and does not at- son. pp. 242. $5.00. Oxford Uni- heroes and martyrs of the Ger- versity Press. New York. 1934. man church in many lands, the tempt to appraise the extent to book will appeal to a large pub- This "An Introductory Study lic. But it is more than popular. which the ideals of Asia have in the Hindu Doctrine of God There are a dozen papers of a and of Human Destiny," by the scholarly character on the presbeen already profoundly modi- Professor of the History and entation of the Christian mes- Philosophy of Religion in Ser- sage to primitives, Hindus, Mosfied by their contact with Chris- ampore College, India, is a book lems, etc. There is also an equal for the scholar rather than for number ()n the missionary printianity. There is no chapter on popular reading. Principal Das- ciples that should control evan- gupta of the Calcutta Sanskrit gelical education, the problem of Mohammedanism or the ideals College writes of it: "This is race, and our attitude toward something quite new in the way politics and foreign cultures. of Islam, although a Mohamme- of Upanisad Commentaries and should meet a real need. It gives These introductory chapters dan trader appears in the Epi- a clear, readable exposition, bring us to a series of historical which should be intelligible even sketches regarding each of the logue. R. E. S. to those who know no Sanskrit, German missions, and finally we and should be of interest to all have biographical sketches of The Japanese Christian Yearbook. students of the history and phi- outstanding missionaries, such Edited by Roy Smith. 8 vo. 401 losophy of religion. At the same as Nommensen of Sumatra, Kag- ;pp. Yen. 2.50. Kyo Bun Kwan. time it impartially supplies the awa of Japan, Aggrey of Af- Ginsza, TokIo. 1934. Sanskrit student with all the ma- rica, and others. Dr. Martin terial needed for forming an in- Schlunk contributes a carefully No one who wishes to keep in- dependent judgment on the in- prepared and annotated bibliogformed on the progress of Chris- terpretation proposed." raphy, while Dr. Richter gives tianity and of missions in Japan the latest statistics of German can afford to ignore this annual. There is a general introduc- missions. Fifteen Japanese Christians and tion discussing the Upanishads and the beginnings of India phi- Altogether this is a book alive twenty missionaries contribute losophy in the Rigveda. Then with the missionary passion, the thirty-eight chapters,. re- follows a special introduction to true to the great fundamentals ports and other features. The this theistic Katha Upanishad, of our faith, and opening a door first fifty pages are devoted to and then the text, the transla- to portions of the world field tion and the commentary, with with which American Christians describing "Japan Today"-its a number of appendices, closing are often unacquainted. In a international relations, its eco- with some discussion of the na- day when German Christianity nomic condition and intellectual ture of Yoga, setting forth that is passing through a crisis, when progress. Then 150 pages are the Katha Upanishad means by their souls are in the furnace of Yoga not "the production of an affliction, it is good to have such used to describe the Christian hypnotic trance or ecstasy in testimony of missionary faith activities and outlook-in Sunday schools, rural areas, the unevangelized districts, the social welfare work and religious education. Formosa is given two chapters; there are reports from various communities, statistics and a missionary directory. Here is a rich feast and a storehouse of information.

Dr. Kagawa writing on "Unevangelized Fields" says that 11,123 cities, towns and villages are still untouched by the Gospel. Of these places over 600 have each a population of from 10,000 to 30,000 people. Evidently Japan is not yet evangel- ized, although 58 mission boards and societies are working there, with 1124 foreign workers and 5000 on the native staff. The

and ardor, with such an outlook stormy night, and at the gay known mISSIOn authority, Dr. on the future as displays an in- fiesta. The story makes an atdiscourageable hope. tractive gift for junior boys and Julius Richter, who reviews the girls and the author writes from S. M. ZWEMER. first-hand knowledge. present conditions in foreign The Cambridge Shorter History of The Translated Bible. 1534-1934. mission lands. There are other India. By J. Allan, Sir T. Wolseley Edited by O. M. Norlie. 8 Vo. 222 Haig, and H. H. Dodwell. Edited pp. $1.00. United Lutheran Pub. timely articles by leading Ger- by H. H. Dodwell. Pp. 970. $4.00. House. Philadelphia. 1934. Macmillan. New York. 1934. man missionary authorities, a One of the most important Four of the six volumes of the events in history, since the first summary of German missions in great Cambridge History of century of the Christian era, was India were edited by two of the the translation of the Bible by the world, together with other authors of this Shorter History Martin Luther into the language which is in three parts: First, of the German people. This tabulations and a fine missionary Ancient India; second, Moslem event, four hundred years ago, India; and third, British India. which gave them the open Bible bibliography edited by Dr. Mar- It is a political history, very dif- is fittingly celebrated this year, ferent, for example, from particularly by the Lutherans of tin Schlunk. The pamphlet is Green's "Short History of the the world. They now number English People," it being a his- 20,000,000 members. Recently filled with useful information on tory, not of the people of India, 100,000 of the 1534 Martin but of the political rulers of the Luther Bibles have been circu- the subject of German world country. It does not deal with the lated. Dr. Norlie includes in this social, or the intellectual, or the anniversary volume twenty-two missions. C. T. BENZE. religious history, although there chapters by twenty authors. They is one chapter on education as deal with the life of Luther, an An African Prophet. W. J. Platt. related to political development account of his Bible work, the Illus. 12 Mo. 157 pp. 28. 6d. Pain the years 1858 to 1892. There story of different versions, the per cover. Student Christian Moveare more references to Curzon in work of Bible societies and the ment Press. London. 1934. the index than there are to relation of the Bible to missions. Buddha, and Sir Philip Francis This volume will be of interest William Harris was a remarkfills a far greater place than not only to Lutherans but to all able, unlettered African evangel- Gandhi. As a political history, who realize something of the ist of the Ivory Coast about ten however, the story seems to be great part the Bible has played years ago. Thousands of people accurate and as complete as pos- in human history. left their primitive way of life sible in the space available. and began to worship God. To God's Unspeakable Gift. By H. A. many Harris himself was almost There are specially interesting Ironsides, Litt. D., 12 Vo. 192 pp. worshiped and many were the chapters on Alexander, Asoka, 28. 6d. Pickering & Inglis. Glas- stories of his wonderful faith- Akbar, and his successors until gow. 1934. healing and casting out of dethe end of the Mogul dynasty. mons. It is an impressive story The chapters on Warren Hast- The well-known pastor of the as told by a missionary. Harris ings and the India Mutiny are large Moody Church in Chicago built up churches but the movealso interesting, although John gives here twelve addresses on ment was largely emotional and Lawrence and the men who evangelical themes. These in- has died down. But it has left broke the Mutiny would have clude simple practical, and its impress on the people and written a somewhat differently powerful messages on the Gos- prepared the way for more inbalanced account of its causes. pel, the Son of Man, salvation, telligent Christian teaching. The love, the cross, the resurrection prophet lived to be over three ROBERT E. SPEER. and the second coming. Those score years and ten, an impres- who are seeking light on the sive, dignified, white-bearded old Pablo and Petra-A Boy and Girl of Gospel, or looking for sugges- man who went about preaching Mexico. By Millicent H. Lee. Illus. tions on how to present it effec- and doing good. The story is by Leslie W. Lee. 8 vo. 152 pp. tively to others, will find help impressive and worth reading. $1.50. Crowell, New York. 1934. here. Yasu-Bo and Ishi-Ko-A Boy and The Crowell friendship series Jahrbuch 1935. Die deutsche evan- Girl of Japan. By Phyllis Ayers of books deal with boys and girls gelische Heidenmission. Herausge- Sower. Illus. 8 vo. 143 pp. $1.50. of Japan, China, Siam and geben von Professor D. Julius Rich- Crowell. New York. 1934. American Indians. Pablo and ter. 120 pp. Publication House of Petra are just a boy and a girl the German Evangelical Mission- Boys and girls of America in a strange land, wearing dif" shilfe, Hamburg. will like this story of boys and ferent clothes, with some strange girls of Japan with their kimocustoms and ways of speaking, This Annual is published by nos, obis, sandals, rice cakes, but American boys and girls will the United German Mission Con- lanterns, flowers, inc ens e, understand them. They have ferences and edited by the well- temples, rickshas, banners, and adventures in market places, on many strange sights and curious the road, at the mill, in the customs. It is not a missionary story but will make for under- standing and friendship with our neighbors across the seas. Mrs. Sowers is already well known for her stories of chil- dren in China and Siam. She has lived in the Orient and can therefore be trusted for her facts. Her sister, the artist, has illustrated the book attractively.

Books was traveling secretary of the Student School for Creek Indians at

Volunteer Movement and was married Church Growth in Korea. Alfred W. in 1915. Three years later they went Indian Territory, superintendent of Wassan. 175 pp. $1.75 cloth, $1.40 to China as missionaries of the Amer- paper. I. M. C. New York. 1934. ican Board but ill health compelled Oak Hill Industrial School and later, her to return in 1922. She was a di- Chant of the Night. C. Kuipers. 213 rector of the China Colleges and a Sunday School missionary among the pp. $1.25 cloth, $1.00 paper. Zon- member of the Ginling College com- dervan Pub. House. Grand Rapids, mittee. Dr. Smith is Executive Sec- Indians in Oklahoma. Mich. retary of the American Section of the Universal Christian Council and of *** Church and State in Latin America. the European Churches Committee of J. Lloyd Mecham. 550 pp. $4.50. the Federal Council of Churches. Robert Fletcher Moorshead, first University of North Carolina Press. Chapel Hill, N. C. *** medical secretary of the Baptist Mis- sionary Society, died December 4, Desires of the Heart. Joan Geisel Rev. Edward G. Haymaker, mis- Gardner. 218 pp. $1.50 cloth, $1.00 sionary among Indians, died Decem- 1934, in England, at age of 60. When paper. Zondervan Pub. House. ber 1, at Winona Lake, Ind., in his Grand Rapids, Mich. 76th year. He had been assistant su- the Auxiliary celebrated its semi-jubi- perintendent of a Home Missions Divine White Right. Trevor Bowen. lee 60 doctors and 56 nurses had been 309 pp. $1.75. Harpers. New York. sent to the field and an annual income of £24,000 had been reached.

Dr. K. G. ** *Scottish medical Fraser, missionary in the Southern Sudan for the past 14 years, under the Church Missionary Society, died recently.

Obituary Notes How We Assist The Rev. Dr. Lapsley Armstrong Denominational Work McAfee of Berkeley, Calif., former Moderator of the New Mexico and vVe are sometimes asked as to whether or not our work conflicts with the California Synods of the Presbyterian work of denominational churches. Our reply is that our Sunday-schools Church, died after a heart attack on in the rural areas of the land arc confined to sections and communities that January 18th, while visiting missionR are unreached by the programs of regular church organizations. in Dumaguete, Philippine Islands. Dr. McAfee was seventy years of age Ve welcome changes in social and economic conditions which may make and had been a delegate from America lJossible the establishment of a congregation and regular services of wor"hip to the fiftieth anniversary of the in any of our Sunday-school constituencies. '1'housands of denominational founding of the Presbyterian Mission churches owe their origin to our work. The majority of the"e cases were in Korea. related to the work of the Society during the first century of its work. The record for the first twenty-five years of what may be, if God wilis, another Dr. McAfee in 1925 and 1926 was a century of labor for the American Sunday-School Union, indlcates that candidate of the conservatives for the 1,045 churches were organized from Union Sunday-schools under the direcoffice of Moderator of the General Assembly. tion of our missionanes, divided among the denominations and in the number listed below. A native of Ashley, Mo., Dr. Mc- Afee was a son of the founder of Park }Iethodist …..••…… 338 Lutheran ……………….. . 23 College, Missouri. He was graduated Baptist . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2~7 Peutecostal ………..•……. 3 in 1885 from what is now the Presbyterian Theological Seminary, Chicago, Presbyterian . • • • . . . . . . . . . . . . . 09 ~'ederaLed …..•…•….•.•••• 7 and held pastorates in Parkville, Chl"lstlan ••••……………. 53 Mellnonites ……………… . Ariz., 1888-98; Phoenix, Ariz., 1898- 3 1905, and Berkeley, Calif., from 1905 until his retirement in 1931. He was Brethren •……………….. 29 Commulllty ……………… . 1:< a brother of Dr. Cleland B. McAfee, 4 secretary of the Presbyterian Board Evangelical …..••••……… 22 Disciples ……………….. . of Foreign MissionR. Nazarene. ..••…•.••…….. 20 .l;;piscopal ………………. . 1 Albert Alexander Hyde, .founder Church of God •..•..•……… 15 Christian and Missionary Alliance 3 and chairman of the board of the Congregational ..•..••.•…… 37 Friends ………………… . 5 Mentholatum Company, and a very generous supporter of mission work in Holiness ………..•…•….. 14 Reformed ………………. . 4 many lands, died of heart disease at linion (Interdenominational) …. 72 Free en urch …………….. . his home in Wichita, Kansas, on Janu- 2 ary 10th. He was eighty-six years old. CllUrch of Christ …….••….. 11 Moravian •………………. 1 Mr. Hyde was born in Lee, Mass., These and all other churchcs organized following the work of our missionon March 2, 1848, the son of Alexan- aries were turned over to the church leaders of the various denominations der Hyde. indicated.

Mr. Hyde was widely known as a These figures indicate only a small measure of the direct assistance renphilanthropist, giving liberally to the um'ed to denominational churches. Each year, many of those who confess American Missions in China, and the Christ in our Sunday Schools, Daily Vacation Bible Schools, Evangelistic Omi Mission at Omi-Hachiman, Japan. }leetings and Young People's Bible Conferences, are led to active memuer- He was a member of the International ship in churches in ncar-by towns and cities. Committee of the Young Men's Christian Association, a trustee of Fair- '1'he most significant fact relative to the assistance we are rendering to the mount College, Wichita, and a warm regular denominations of the land is that we are performing a task in the friend and supporter of the REVIEW. otherwise unreached sections of America for which organized Christianity is responsible. In a very real sense, we are the representatives of the church at * * ;.i: large in our particular field of effort.

Mrs. Eleanor L. Cory Leiper, the 'vY0 are seeking in every ,Yay possible to administer this work in a manner wife of the Rev. Dr. Henry Smith tha t will meet with the approval of every well informed churchman. Our Leiper, died at her home in Leonia, chief concern is that we may have the "well done" of Him in whose Name N. J. on January 30th.. Mrs. Leiper and for whose glory we labor. was born in Englewood, N. J., fortyfour years ago. After having been The Department of Missions graduated from Smith College she AMERICAN SUNDAY-SCHOOL UNION 1816 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, Pa.

Gospel For Moslems JAPAN—A

The walls of opposition are tumbling down OR A CHALLENGE in many Moslem centers, as the walls of Jericho fell in days of old before the ad- Dr. Charles W. Iglehart, who has been a missionary in Japan for twenty-five years, sees vance of God's army. Today the Gospel the problem presented to Asia and to Amer- ica. He also sees the challenge and the in Print is being used to break down preju- present opportunity. dice and to win Moslems to Christ. Will you accept the challenge and mdke You can help by sending a contribution use of the opportunity? to supply this Christian literature to som~ Send for copies of Dr. Iglehart's leaflet and of the millions of Moslems yet unreached. distribute them in your church, your club, your social circle. Dr. Iglehart draws a stir- Will you do it? Send your gift to ring picture—one to hold the attention dnd stir to Christian action. The American Christian Literature Society for Moslems An American layman was so stirred by this message that he provided for the publication 156 FIFTH AVENUE, NEW YORK of a limited number of these leaflets—with WILLIAM I. CHAMBERLAIN, Ph.D., President the confident hope that you will help distrib- ROBERT E. SPEER, D.D., Vice-President ute them. (Special price, 50 cents a hundred.) SAMUEL M. ZWEMER, DD.D.D., .,5ls ecre t' JAMES M. CANTINE, (Send t() dries The Missionary Review of the World DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Acting Tred5urer Third and Reily Sts., Harrisburg, Pa .

_- …. . . . . ~.. – – – – . . "-~'~-~" -~ -.-.-~~ AGENTS WANTED CUTS FOR SA~ !

THE MISSIONARY REVIEW Excellent halftone plates and line cuts (undam- can be sold in quantities to aged) used in THE MISSIONARY REVIEW every Missionary Society. It fur- during the past two years. nishes information in brief, in- teresting form for leaders and For sale at one-third the cost. These are val· discussion groups. Why not act udble for local or denominational papers. Vivid as our Agent in your church or pictures of life allover the world. community? You can advance the cause of Foreign Missions, American Highlands and at the same time can earn American Indians Africans···Heathen and Christian A Liberal Commission China···Old and New Japan and Korea • India's Idols and Christians Results in Moslem Lands Address···Circulation Manager Savages and Saints The Missionary Review of the World ., The Pacific Islanders Third and Reily Streets cf)end to Harrisburg, Pa. The Missionary Review of the World .__ . ____._ _.._.._ ……. __~_..____.. ___.J Third and Reily Streets Harrisburg, Pa .

The Missionary Review of the World — January 1935

1935

Robert Laws of Livingstonia D. R. Mackenzie Problems and Encouragements Robert E. Speer John R. Mott Robert P. Wilder Robert H. Glover Stephen J. Corey C. Darby Fulton A. C. Snead The Present Situation in Missions Julius Richter New Cooperative Advance at Home Charles E. Schaeffer When a Kurd Becomes a Christian Delavan L. Pierson Mrs. E. E. Olcott-An Appreciation Samuel M. Zwemer

to Remember Obituary Notes widow,Mary Wentworth McConaughy

January 2-4-Annual Meeting, For- The Rev. Henry C. Velte, D.D., two brothers, one of whom is Dr. eign Missions Conference, Garden missionary in India for the past fifty4 David McConaughy, expert on stew- City, N. Y. two years, died at Saharanpur on N0- ardship; by a sister, a daughter and vember 19th. He was a highly hon- January 6-12-Universal Wee k of ored missionary of the Presbyterian two sons, one of whom is Dr. James Prayer. Church, U. S. A., and for 20 years was at the head of Saharanpur Theo- McConaughy, President of Wesleyan January 7-ll-Annual Me e tin g s, logical Seminary. Five years ago he Home Missions Council and Council was elected Moderator of the United University, Middletown, Connecticut. of Women for Home Missions, Phil- Church of Northern India. The situa- adelphia, Pa. tion changed greatly during his mis- The Rev. Al*ber*t * Fulton, D.D., sionary career and Dr. Velte was born January 22-February 16-C 0 r nell in Wertheim, Germany, in 1857, and A. School for Missionaries, Cornell, was educated in Hopkinton, Iowa, and N.Y. McCormick and Princeton Theological for 42 years an honored miSSionary of Seminaries. He is survived by his FLORIDA CHAIN OF MISSIONARY wife Charlotte Haduth Velte and a the Presbyterian Board of Foreign ASSEMBLIES son, the Rev. F. Mowbray Velte, who is a missionary in India. Missions, died on December 10th in For further information, write to Miss B. Louise Woodbud, 930 23d *** Pasadena, California. Dr. Fulton was Ave. N, St. Petersburg, Fla. Mrs. Wallace J. Anderson, a mis- born in Ashland, Ohio, in 1849 and January 26-30-0rlando. sionary of the Presbyterian Church, January 27-30-Deland. died in Seoul, Korea, of peritonitis, after being graduated from Princeton January 30-February I-Palm on November 30th. Mrs. Anderson College and Seminary, was appointed (nee Lillian E. Beede) was born in a missionary to Canton, China, in Beaches. Charleston, Nebraska, and was edu- February 2-7-Miami. cated at Occidental College and the 1879. He was preeminently a pioneer February 7-S-Bradenton. University of California. She went February 7-S-Fort Myers. to Korea as a missionary in 1917 and missionary, est a b lis h i n g many February 9-1S-St. Petersburg. was engaged in educational work in February 10-13-Clearwater. the Girls' Academy and Bible Insti- churches and preaching halls in South February 13-1S-Tampa. tute, Seoul. She is survived by her February 17-19-Lakeland. husband and two young daughters. China. When he went to China there February 17-19-Winter Haven. was strong opposition to Christianity February 19-21-Gainesville. *** and almost no railroads, electricity or February 23-26-Jacksonville. other modern improvements. The Dr. David S. Oyler, former mis- Presbyterian Church is almost the II If you use sionary of the United Presbyterian only agency to carry the Gospel to Church in the Egyptian Sudan, died 8,000,000 people of Kwangtung Prov- PRINTING in Monmouth, Illinois, November 19th. ince. Dr. Fulton was honorably re- Dr. Oyler was born in Nortonville, tired in 1922 and returned to America. Y OU will profit from an ac- Kentucky, January 11, 1881, and after quaintanceship with us. We graduation from Sterling College and Mary Halse* Gr*igg*, wife of Rev. do the job complete in our own Xenia Theological Seminary, Ohio, plant, whether it be large or went to the Sudan in 1910. After Ernest Grigg of Burma, died October small. seventeen years of service in Dolieb 15, 1934, after more than 40 years of Hill, he was obliged to return to service in that country under the Bap- While our specialty is Books, America for health reasons and be- tist Foreign Mission Society. Her Magazines and Pamphlets, yet came pastor of the United Presby- work was carried on among Chins, we have a variety of modern terian Church at Cutler, Ill. He is Chinese, Indians and Shans. equipment to meet all the re- survived by his wife, the former Lil- quirements of your particular lian Picken, and four children. *** job. You will find our service prompt, careful and courteous. *** The Rev. and Mrs. John C. Stam, Will you allow us to estimate Rev. James E. East, D.D., formerly American missionaries under the on your next printing? We be- a Negro missionary to Africa from lieve you will be delighted with the National Baptist Church of Amer- China Inland Mission, and their 10- our product, price and service. ica, died in Philadelphia last October. J ames East was born in Alabama, weeks-old daughter, were captured on The EVANGELICAL PRESS fifty-three years ago and in 1906 December 10th by Communist bandits went to South Africa, and was sta- in Southern Anhwei Province, China. Printers of tioned at Ganda, Middlerift, where he The Missionary Review of the World did notable work among the Bantu, Mr. and Mrs. Stam were murdered helping to found over forty native but the baby was allowed to live and PLANT AND MAIN OFFICE Farmer's Associations and coopera- was restored to her grandparents. Third and Reily Sireet. Hlrrlsburg, PI. tive banks. Then Dr. East was called back to America to become secretary Mr. Stam was 27 years old and was of the Foreign Mission Board of the National Baptist Convention, with the son of Rev. Peter Stam, pastor headquarters in Philadelphia. of Star of Hope Mission, Paterson, Dr. James M*cC*ona*ughy. of Phila- N. J. Mrs. Stam was a daughter of delphia, for some years secretary of the Rev. and Mrs. Charles E. Scott, the American Sunday School Union, American Presbyterian missionaries died in his home in Germantown, Pa., on December 6th at the age of seventy- at Tsinan, Shantung, China. seven. Dr. McConaughy was for- merly a teacher of Bible in Mount Her- Mr. Peter Stam and family, in a mon School for Boys and did a notable work as Bible teacher, author, editor telegram to the C. 1. M., give clear and executive. He is survived by his testimony to the victorious spirit in which they received the heart-rending news: "Sacrifice great but not too great for Him who gave Himself for us. Experiencing God's grace. Ro- mans 8: 28." (Concluded on 3d cover.) Sunday School Supplies J'ouoo:, spliiltml ~i1osofk WI'IlJ,JUI'-I"''' I-fIotirlIe/rInII6ktlHiM!tngifnIeflrIsiHMIss

MISSIONARY look well on any library table in the post-war experience. Recently

REVIEW OF THE WORLD country." WILLIS CHURCH LAMOTT. has been a good deal of building and I am not certain that 'eight in a room' DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Editor Tokyo, Japan. would still stand true."

VOL. LVIII JAN., 1935 No.1 *** "As to my own expense fund, I re- ceive $5.00 a month while I am at Publication and Business Office "Each issue of THE REVIEW brings K. H., and it should be added that my Third and Reily Sts., Harrisburg, Pa. a vast amount of very helpful infor- travel in England, postage, phone ma.tion, and I have been enjoying to calls and medical attention are pro- Editorial and Executive Office the fullest extent this splendid mag- vided free, so that I am well cared for. 156 Fifth Avenue, New York City azine." REV. MERLE ApPELGATE. My own annuity fund is operated Entered as second-class matter at solely by the working people of the Post Office, Harrisburg, Pa., under Act Christian Church, Los Angeles, locality and provides 'home helps" for of March 3, 1879. California. families where a crisis leaves the 25 cents a copy-$2.50 a year. mother in need of help." Foreign Postage, 50 cents a year. "The October*RE*VIEW* , with its chal- Published monthly, except August. Personal Items All rights reserved. Copyrighted 1934. lenging and informing array of ar- British agents, Marshall, Morgan ticles on Japan, surely ought to be a The Rev. Alex. Harsanyi, Pastor of and Scott, 12 Paternoster Buildings, valuable number for supplementary the Hungarian Presbyterian congrega- London, E. C. 1 shilling per copy, use in the foreign missions study pro- tion of Yonkers, N. Y., a descendant 10 shillings a year. jected for the current year." of a Hungarian Protestant martyr family, was honored and feted re- MISSIONARY REVIEW PUB· WILLIAM B. LIPPHARD, cently by his people and his American Editor of "Missions," New York. friends at the fortieth anniversary of LISHING CO., INC. his ordination to the ministry. As TWO CORRECTIONS organizer of a number of Hungarian BOARD OF DIRECTORS congregations, as author, editor, and RoBERT E. SPEE'R, President Dr. E. W. Koons, of Korea, calls at- pastor he has rendered great services WM. I. CHAMBERLAIN, Vloe-Presldent tention to an error in the September to the cause of Christ among his coun- WALTER MCDOUGALL, Treasurer REVIEW (page 395) where the title to trymen. Mr. Harsanyi is Nestor of DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Seoretary the picture of the "public notice the Hungarian Protestant ministers SAMUEL MCCREA CAVERT against foreigners" should be cor- of this country. MRS. BO.RRLIlNPPHRA. RJUDDD rected to read: WM. *** "This tablet containing public no- ERIC M. NORTH tice warning Koreans against for- Martin L. Harvey, a young Negro MILTON T. STAUFFER eigners was made in 1866 and was set of Hempstead, L. I., has been elected up by the Tai-wun-Kun in the center president of the Christian Youth A. L. W ARNSHUIS of Seoul in 1871. The translation by Council of North America. He is the SAMUEL M. ZWEMER Dr. L. G. Paik, reads: When foreign first of his race to fill that position. barbarians invade the country we Editorial Chat neither wage war nor make peace *** with them. We warn our descendants Have you recommended THE REVIEW for 10,000 years." Dr. Frank C. Laubach expects to to your pastor and friends as an up- visit India some time after March, to-date and delightful way to keep in *. * * 1935, to demonstrate his method of touch with the progress of the work teaching which has been so successful of Christ throughout the world? Some Miss Muriel Lester, of London, in reducing illiteracy in the Philipof your friends would appreciate a writes that there are some slight in- pines. gift subscription and their interest in accuracies in the article on "Voluntary missions would be stimulated. Poverty in Action" which appeared in *** our November number. Miss Lester Here are the recent comments of says: "It was my grandfather, not Samuel Coles, agricultural missionsome of our readers: my father, who went to work as a ary at Galangue, West Africa, under bricklayer at the tender age of 8, the American Board for twelve years, "A friend of mine expressed the con- when his father had been press has been loaned for a period of three viction that if all the magazines in the ganged to fight in the Napoleonic years to the Booker T. Washington country would follow your step in de- wars. Again, overcrowding in the Institute of Katata, Liberia, to supervoting an issue to the cause of Chris- East End of London was much worse vise their building program. He is tian missions among other races, the than 'eight in a single room' in my very enthusiastic over the possibilities problem of racial understanding would in this new field. not be such a difficult one. I agree USED CUTS with him." – Jose G. Deseo, Pastor- *** Director, Filipino House of Friend- Plates and half tone illusship, Stockton, Calif. S. Franklin Mack, Publicity Direc- trations used in THE tor for the Presbyterian Board of * * *. Foreign Missions, is now engaged in MISSIONARY REVIEW making a three-months' tour of Latin "We appreciate the service rendered American countries to take motion through THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF during the past two years pictures and secure other publicity THE WORLD, and are trying to pro- material. The itinerary calls for a mote its circulation." for sale from 25 cents up, visit to Peru, Chile, Argentine, Brazil, Venezuela, Guatemala and Mexico. MRS. S. L. V. TIMMONS. plus postage. The material secured will be widely Director of Educational Dept., used in connection with the mission The Missionary Review study of Latin America, projected for Women's Work, Presbyterian 1935-36. Church, U. S. of the World *** *** THIRD AND REILY STREETS HARRISBURG, PA. Dr. Robert P. Wilder. formerly "The material in the June issue is General Secretary of the Student Volan excellent exposition of American [1 ] unteer Movement and later Secretary Oriental life and I hope the magazine of the Christian Council of Northern will receive wide circulation." Africa and Western Asia, is now in America but plans to go to England GRANT K. LEWIS; Secretary, United Christian Mis- (Concluded on 3d cover.) sionary Society.

*** "Let me congratulate you on the Japan number of THE REVIEW. It covers the field so thoroughly that I am wondering what else mission study classes will have to study! I like the make up of THE REVIEW. It would

FOR PRACTICAL INDUSTRIAL TRAINING IN LIVINGSTONIA

A GThOUP OF AFRICAN PASTORS PREPARElD TO EVANGELIZE THEIR OWN PEOPLE TRAINING CHRISTIANS IN LIVINGSTONIA, CENTRAL AFRICA REVIB ORLD VOLUME LVIII AN INTERDENOMINATIONAL REVIEW OF WORLD-WIDE CHRISTIAN PROGRESS NUMBER ONE JANUARY, 1935 Topics of the Times BEGINNING THE NEW YEAR the direction and help of Almighty God and by A man's character is largely indicated by the men and women filled with the Spirit of Jesus Christ. way he closed the old and begins the New Year. It is fitting then that again, at the first of the While New Year's Eve an'd New Year's Day are year, Christians be called together to observe the "Universal Week of Prayer" (January 6 to 13). widely and variously observed all over the world, This custom was organized by the Evangelical Alli- ance nearly ninety years ago (in 1846) and has some observe them by hilarity, drinking intoxi- been observed annually ever since, not only in America and Europe but now all over the world. cants, by feasts and ente~tainments; others ex- Great things are accomplished through prayer, not only subjectively in those who pray but objectively change friendly greetings, or join in Christian by the working of the Spirit of God to bring har- mony to the "good and acceptable and perfect Will Watchnight services with prayer and song. It is of God."

a time to take account of stock; to settle old debts This year preachers everywhere are asked to co- operate by preaching and leading prayer groups on and complete unfinished tasks; to prepare for new the following topics so that a world-wide circle of joint thinking and prayer may unite Christians undertakings and seek fresh visions for larger everywhere. The world situation at home and abroad calls for this more than ever. There are service. To some the New Year season is one of grave dangers that face church and home and State, but there are also reasons for good cheer and waste and frivolity, while to others it is a time of encouragement. The following are the main topics suggested: sobering thought, prayer and preparation for a new advance.

The old year is gone-irrevocably-and we can- not undo the mistakes we have made or all the harm that has been done. There has been waste and folly; gossip and unfriendly criticisms' self- ishness and greed; thefts, murders, oatdhuerltsemriaes~ blasphemies and other sins. We and suffer because of the mistakes and follies of the past but we can learn valuable lessons from them if we will. With the New Year come new oppor- tunities to learn, to grow, and'to achieve what is Sunday, January 6, 1935. TOPICS FOR SERMONS: worth while. There are new opportunities to pro- Trust in God-John 14: 1; Mark 11: 22, 24; 1 Tim. m?te peace on earth in place of war; to do away WIth race and class prejudice; to develop and ap- 4: 1~ . ply the principles of economic and social justice in place of unfair rivalry and oppression; to estab- Fellowship with Christ and Other Disciples-1 John 1: 3, lish honest politics and the true and equal observance ?~ laws, in place of political chicancery and 7; John 17: 21.

Service of Man in the Name of Christ-Mat. 25: 40; Mat. 28: 19-20; Mat. 24: 14.

Hope and Its Basis-Acts 26: 6; Rom. 8: 18-25; 1 Thess. 1: 3, 9-10.

favorItIsm; to promote education that develops Monday, January 7. NEED FOR REPENTANCE.

character rather than a system of fads and un- Thanksgiving for God's loving provision for all human tried theories; to express religion in deeds not need; that Christ finished the work of man's redempmerely in· words; to furnish the money and life tion and committed to us its proclamation to all men. needed to give the Gospel of Christ to all men without rivalry or prejudice, rather than spend money Confession for our failure to respond to human need' a,nd effort on luxurious church equipment and for our selfishness, pride, indolence, and lack of faith, rItual at home. Here are achievements worthy of for our hardness of our heart that hinders true reour best effort-but they can only be attained by pentance.

Prayer that God may open men's eyes and soften their hearts, bringing repentance and forgiveness. That [8]

the burden of the need of others may be felt by His from the outcastes and primitive peoples of India, children everywhere. Africa and other lands; for a revived interest among Christian statesmen in the cause of minorities. Scripture Readings-Rom. 3: 1-26; Gal. 5: 1-26; Ps.51. Confession of the growth of anti-Semitism in many na- Tuesday, January 8. THE CHURCH AND NEED FOR FAITH. tions; of the slow response to the needs of oppressed and persecuted peoples. Thanksgiving for the Church which includes peoples of every nation; for increasing opportunity and power Prayer for a keener sensitiveness to the needs of the to witness; for evidence that the GQspel is the power oppressed and helpless; for a fresh vision of Christ, of God unto salvation. who, without respect of persons, welcomes men and women of every class and nation. Confession of lack of faith and enterprise in completing the world-wide work; for lack of humility and for Scripture Readings-Rom. 11; 1 Cor. 1: 18-31; Rev. 7: failure to interpret truly Christ's spirit and message. 9-17.

Prayer for a new vision of our spiritual resources in Sunday, January 13. SPECIAL SERMONS ON CHRISTIAN Christ; for a deeper faith in God's power to establish UNITY, WITH C,QMMUNION. "That they all may be one His Kingdom through faith and obedience; for a vital …… that the world may believe that Thou hast sent spiritual quickening of the Church today. Me." John 17: 21.

Scripture Readings-Acts 2: 1-21; Mat. 16: 13-28; Col. THE FELLOWSHIP OF THE SPIRIT* 1; John 17: 9. An interdenominational fellowship of Chris- Wednesday, January 9. THE NATION'S NEED FOR FELLOW- tians has been formed to unite those who seek a spiritual reinvigoration of the Church, with new SHIP. power and enthusiasm; along Apostolic lines. It is similar to the First Century Christian Fellow- Thanksgiving for forces which restrain men's selfish am- ship – or Oxford Group Movement -with em- bitions; for all that nations have to give one another. phasis on Gospel witness, soul-winning, regenera- tion and enduement with power of the Holy Spirit. Confession of national self-seeking, suspicion, and jeal- ousy; of intolerance and suppression of freedom of Dr. William Carter, the Chairman, issues a speech and conscience. challenge to the churches to awake in these days of adversity. He says in substance: Prayer for a new sense of the nature and possibilities of fellowship; for wise leaders in national and inter- Times of prosperity affect us adversely just as much as national affairs. That each nation may contribute its times of adversity. Speaking of the rich, Job says: "They peculiar gifts to build up the Kingdom of God. spend their days in wealth, and in a moment go down to the grave. Therefore they say unto God, Depart from us; Scripture Readings-Rom. 12; Isa. 2; Isa. 52; Micah for we desire not the knowledge of thy way. What is the 4; Rev. 21: 1-7, 23-27. Almighty that we should serve him?"

Thursday, January 10. WORLD EVANGELIZATION. Times of adversity come and wealth is swept away; affluence becomes indigence; assurance becomes despair. Thanksgiving for a world-wide awakening to the pri- Then it is that some "Job's Comforter" comes crying: mary need of evangelism in Christian service; for na- "Dost thou still retain thine integrity? Curse God and tional leaders who are calling their fellow-countrymen die!" Many do both! The whole trouble with the Church to widespread evangelism; for the growth of self- is that we have joined altogether too much with the world support and of extension among native churches. instead of trying to win the world to Christ.

Confession of the narrow outlook of many Christians; Thank God, the material and physical crises cause some of the lack of sensitiveness to the need of the millions to turn to God, and these become the leaders not of a for- who have not yet heard the Gospel; of our reliance on lorn hope, but of a victorious advance. When Pentecost human resources rather than on the power of the had fully come, Peter turned from his cursing and denials Holy Spirit. of his Lord; James and John turned from their seeking for preferment; Thomas turned from his doubting to un- Prayer for a realization that every Christian is called alterable faith and love for his Lord and Master and all to be a missionary everywhere and at all times; for commenced, boldly, to preach the unsearchable riches of the realization that Christ and His Church can meet Jesus Christ their Lord. The cult of cowardice was the spiritual needs of this generation. changed into the cult of courage. These men crossed the seas, braved martyrdom and still preached, even to their Scripture Readings-Mark 16; Isa. 61; Acts 1: 1-11. jailors and persecutors, the unsearchable riches of Jesus Christ, their crucified Redeemer. Friday, January 11. YOUTH MOVEMENTS. No class, no condition, no age is kept from the blessing Thanksgiving for Christian homes, Sunday Schools, and if they watch and pray earnestly for it. Every day may all movements for the spiritual welfare of youth; for be a Pentecost to those fulfilling the conditions. Are we the new earnestness among the youth. looking for Pentecost? Do we want the same blessing? The godly Joseph Neeshima, of Japan, in a time of great Confession of failure to give youth a larger place in Christian enterprise; of neglect of the family as the • The chairman Is Dr. William Carter, a Presbyterian clergyman, chief means of Christian training. formerly of Brooklyn, New York; the secretary Is the Rev. Frank E. Simmons, of Brooklyn, New York, and other members of the gen- Prayer that the youth of this generation may surrender eral committee Include William A. Harbison, Hugh R. Monro, Dr. to God in Christ; that teachers of youth may utilize Don O. Shelton, Dr. Will H. Houghton, President of Moody Bible their opportunities and realize their responsibilities; Institute, and Rev. Daniel A. Poling, President of the World's So- that the enthusiasms of youth may be directed into Ciety of Christian Endeavor. The headquarters are 1421 Madison right channels. Ave., New York.

SC'npture Readings-1 Sam 3; Joel 2: 18-32; 1 John 2: 1-17.

Saturday, January 12. RESPONSIBILITY TO THE JEWS AND TO OUTCASTE AND PRIMITIVE PEOPLES.

Thanksgiving for the increasing response to the call of Christ among Jews; for large accession to the Church

TOPICS OF THE TIMES

stress said to his Christian followers: "Brethren we must This evangelical movement among Italians was advance, but we must advance on our knees." This is a great need of the Church today-to pray. To be effective, not the product of the missionary societies, but prayer must be personal, importunate ….. . came rather from the faith and passion of two The Church is needing another Pentecost. The President, his helpers, governors, mayors, and leaders in gen- Italians converted through American friends. A eral, are urging people to strive to solve these present national and international difficulties by moral and spir- little more than fifty years ago Antonio Arrighi itual means. The phrase most upon their lips is: "The Life more abundant," which means, in ecclesiastical terms, began his work on the lower east side of New the life that is hid with Christ in God. Evangeline Booth in her farewell address urged the nations, that had tried York which has continued in the far reaching everything else in their depression and anxiety, to "Try religion!" The Presbyterians of New York have inaugu- ministry of the Broome Street Tabernacle. Later rated a "Spiritual Crusade" and a "Covenant of Reconsecration." All of these are signs of what is expected of Michele Nardi, a talented young Italian padrone the Church and that the Church is getting a larger view of its duty to the perishing souls of men. in a mining camp, was given a New Testament The Fellowship of the Spirit stands for: (1) A recog- which so gripped him that he gave up his mining nition of the Lordship of the Holy Spirit in lives and hearts of men; (2) A whole Bible as the Word of God; and began the life of a missionary lay preacher. (3) A place for prayer in daily life; (4) A witness for God to others who need Him; (5) Individual sacrificial Italian churches in Pittsburgh, Chicago, New service to save the individual, the nation and the world, from itself, to God. A practical experience of these things York and other important cities trace their origin will revitalize the Church, stabilize society and change the world. to Nardi's flaming evangel. A report made to the This movement is only one of many that reveal Presbytery of New York in 1907 shows his influa hunger in men's hearts today and a sense of need for God and what He alone can supply. It ence by the following report: "During the past is evident not only in America and England but on the continent of Europe and in many parts of year two new Italian missions have been estab- India, China, Africa and other lands. But it is still a very difficult thing for human nature to lished and have been blessed with almost phenommake full surrender and then to follow the Way as revealed by the Spirit of God. enal results. The one in East 106th Street in the EVANGELICAL MOVEMENT AMONG colony known as Little Italy, with the noted evan- ITALIANS gelist, Mr. Nardi, in charge. He labors without compensation. From the first the room which accommodates only 114 has been crowded to over- flowing." Later, the city mission and denomina- tional home missionary societies gave their sup- port to the movement. Christian mission work of a very distinctive sort will be required for many years in the more congested and poorer Italian colonies. The continued need of these people de- mand the continuing interest of the missionary societies, but the responsibility for the conduct of the churches and for the direction of the work must reside in the Italian language churches and their leadership. W. P. SHRIVER.

A national interdenominational conference, SHALL WE ABANDON MEXICO?* which may well mark a new epoch in the evan- gelical movement among Italians in America, was Recent events in Mexico have prompted some held in New York, the first and second days of to question the worthwhileness of carrying the November, at the suggestion of the Italian Evan- Gospel to a people who are promoting education gelical Ministers Association. The conference was along nationalistic lines and seem to want no reconvened under the auspices of the Home Mis- ligion at all. When the liberal Constitution of sions Council and Council of Women for Home 1857 was adopted by Mexico and the Reform Missions, and began with a fellowship dinner, Laws promulgated, a section of the Mexican peowith over four hundred present, to celebrate the ple availed themselves of the privilege of religious contribution of Italian life to America. The ad- liberty and formed an independent evangelical dress was given by the Hon. Eduard Corsi, Di- church. When the Constitution of 1917 was rector of the Department of Public Welfare of adopted, all the provisions of the Juarez Constitu- New York. A united service of the fifty Italian tion were embodied. Church property was nacongregations of greater New York later brought tionalized and religion became a matter of govtogether an audience of nearly two thousand ernmental regulation. Moreover in Article 130 which filled the auditorium of the Fifth Avenue of the Constitution each State was given the right Presbyterian Church-a most unusual gathering. to decide how many clergy are to officiate within A fine spirit of unity prevailed throughout the its borders. Very little effort was made to enconference and the Home Missions Council was force these severe provisions during the years of asked to create a permanent committee to foster continuing cooperation in evangelical work among • Extracts from a statement prepared by the Rt. Rev. Frank W. Creighton, who was Protestant Episcopal Bishop of Mexico from the four and a half million Italians in America. 1926 to 1933.

reconstruction following the active period of the King Dormitory and Gymnasium were destroyed; Revolution. In fact not until 1927 was there any Junka Hall and the Dining Hall were badly dam- enforcement act passed by Congress. aged and other buildings suffered severely. The In spite of difficulties, evangelical Christians in total damage is estimated at Yen 123,578 but for- Mexico are doing an effective and helpful piece of tunately there was no loss of life.

work and are growing stronger in numbers and The Doshisha was started in 1875 with eight in zeal. Two articles of the Constitution of Mex- students. Today it has a total enrollment of 4,456 ico, as well as parts of others, deal with the ques- students (1,184 girls and 3,272 boys), 302 protion of religion. One of those articles grants en- fessors and instructors, with 12,591 alumni. The tire religious freedom under the law and one sec- Doshisha now consists of a Girls' Academy, Boys' tion of the Department of Interior is charged with Middle School, Woman's College, Semmon Gakko the duty of religious administration. Mexico is (a professional school of junior college grade), still very much concerned about religion, but is College of Commerce, Preparatory College, and very insistent as to the kind of religion to be University. It has always maintained the Christaught and how it shall be practiced. Mexico's tian principles of its founder, "for the advanceis a one-party government and any opposition is ment of Christianity, and the furtherance of eduanti-government agitation. When the Roman cation, to train men of living power for the serv- Catholic Church finds itself opposed to practically ice of true freedom and their country." every ideal of the Revolution and says so, the issue becomes clear. Protestants are not antagonistic The typhoon is also said to have greatly affected to the Government but suffer because of the con- Japan's political currents so as to force their actinuous strife. But the followers of Christ can- tivities into new channels to repair the damages. not either run away from difficulties or abandon An extraordinary session of the Diet was called the field because difficulties are acute. Such a sit- to meet the demands of the situation. The rice uation tries our mettle and steels us to go on. crop has been very seriously damaged and imme- Mexican Christians need our prayers and our sup- diate relief was required. The silk industry, on port as they go forward to make the living Christ the other hand, has been suffering from over-proreign in Mexico. We must respond to the crying duction, due to lack of foreign demand. This sit- uation and the need for relief have called for a need for the Gospel. decrease, rather than an increase, in appropria- The editor of World Dominion says: tions for the army and navy.

Mexico is making gigantic efforts to build up an original, THE FEDERAL COUNCIL LOOKS AHEAD genuine and national culture embracing all aspects of human life, without trying to copy or to be dependent upon The annual meeting of the Federal Council of other cultures and countries. The Indians are sharing the Churches of Christ in America was held in Dayresponsibilities of government. ton, Ohio, December 2d to 7th. Dr. Ivan Lee Holt, pastor of St. John's Methodist Episcopal Mexico is emphasizing, more than any other country in Church, South, of St. Louis, was elected president Latin America, the need of a school which will be coherent to succeed Dr. Arthur W. Beaven of Rochester. from the very beginning with the whole life of the Mexican The new vice-president is Dr. George W. Richnation, basing it more on life than on theories, more on ards, President of the Theological Seminary of the doing than on learning, and adapting itself to the daily Reformed Church in the United States, at Lanlife of the average Mexican-particularly the Indianmaking the schools, the text and the teaching to promote more a better life than general knowledge.

EFFECTS OF THE TYPHOON IN JAPAN caster, Pa.

The most terrific typhoon ever experienced in As in many other groups, the need for evan- Japan in modern times swept over the Osaka- gelism-the personal salvation of men through Kyoto district last September and destroyed or the Gospel of Christ-was emphasized, rather damaged many mission schools and churches in than the need for new methods of social service Osaka, Kobe, Kyoto and elsewhere. Approxi- and more money for education. A national mismately 3,000 people were killed and 14,000 in- sion to reach the "unchurched" was proposed, with jured. Eighty thousand houses were demolished, daily open-air evangelistic meetings in as many 350,000 were flooded, and 300 primary and sec- cities of the United States as is possible. Plans are ondary schools collapsed. Of 60,000 factories in being made for a ten-weeks' tour of twenty-five the Osaka district, 22,000 are reported damaged metropolitan -centers, with a team of some ten or or destroyed, causing merchants, artisans and twelve speakers. peasants to call for relief. The Federal Council stood strongly against One of the Christian institutions which severely traffic in alcoholic drink and in favor of all efforts suffered is the Doshisha University, Kyoto, to promote social and economic justice and interfounded by Joseph Hardy Neesima in 1875. The national peace and goodwill.

A VILLAGE ON THE SHORE OF LAKE NYASA – MT. WALLER IN THE

Robert Laws of Livingstonia By the REV. D. R. MACKENZIE, Edinburgh, Scotland IF ONE had to put into a single word his im- years, it is justly regarded as an outstanding ex- pression of Dr. Robert Laws, the first impulse ample of Christian progress in a heathen land. would be to say "massive." He was like a great block of Aberdeen granite, firmly rooted in the Pioneering soil congenial to his soul-the soil of the Kingdom of God. But "massive" after all means little; and David Livingstone died at Ilala in 1873. While Laws meant much over a wide area of human life the great traveler was pursuin,i his epoch-making in Central Africa. He did more for that great discoveries, his almost equally great spiritual sucland than any other man, of whatever rank or cessor was preparing himself for the task soon to occupation. He was a man of wide vision and far be placed in his hands. This was the task of givseeing wisdom; of purposes firmly held in the ing continuity to the work and shape to the asface of difficulties and opposition; of unfailing pirations of the Blantyre lad who had become the skill in the use of whatever materials lay to his world's hero. hand; and of sagacious adaptability in entering doors which either stood open or which, more fre- Robert Laws was born in Aberdeen in 1851 and quently, he was the means of opening. Add to this began to work as an apprentice in his father's a staunch courage, often called upon in those days shop, learning cabinet-making; but he was nursof the beginnings of his work, and always equal ing in his soul higher ambitions. Through the to every emergency. Equally massive are his difficulties and hardships which many another achievements. The Livingstonia Mission, under Scottish lad has overcome, he finally emerged, a his wise guidance, moved from one great success fully qualified physician and minister, a carpenter, to another until today, after a history of sixty with some knowledge of building, and a general handiness that never lost its skill in all the half century he was to spend in Africa. When the [7]

news came that Livingstone had died, Laws was guage had to be learned, houses and other buildready; and prosperous Christian men in the great ings to be erected, communication with the outer cities of Scotland formed a committee and estab- world to be maintained, and the health of the staff lished the Livingstonia Mission, now famous all cared for. It was a task for strong men, and over the Christian world. strong men had it in hand.

One watches in imagination a band of young Lengthened Cords and Strengthened Stakes Scotsmen, with Laws as one of their leaders, start out on the twelfth of October, 1875, to make their The tribes around Lake Nyasa shared to the toilsome way into the heart of Africa. Up the full the superstitions and beliefs of the Bantu great Zambesi River, with its age-long romance, peoples to whom they belonged. Witchcraft spread its baneful influence. The poison ordeal weeded out the enemies of the witch-doctor and the chief. The, spirits of the dead, always of- fended, were believed to send disease and death. Dangers lurked everywhere; for lions and leop- ards, controlled by evil men whose power was never doubted, sought the enemies of those who hired them, and killed or mauled them. Hunters went to the forest, and fishers to the river, guarded and reinforced by charms and magic medicines. Sickness was rampant and knowledge small of how to deal with it. To all this add the horrors of the slave trade, "the open sore of Cen- tral Africa," and inter-tribal warfare with its WHERE MARRIED APPRRiNTICES LIVE IN LIVINGSTONIA INSTITUTE they traveled into the hitherto little known Shire, A PARTLY COMPLETED NATIVE-BUILT CHAPEL its huge tributary. At last, in their tiny steamer, the "Ilala," rebuilt after passing the Muchison terrible toll of human lives and you have the ma- Rapids, they sailed out into the mighty waters of terials for a picture of what Laws and his com- Lake Nyasa, Livingstone's proudest discovery. panions were facing. And one listens, still in imagination, as these young men fling their challenge to the winds of a They faced it with a message of the Love of continent: "All people that on earth do dwell, God, and with a Book in which that story was sing to the Lord, with cheerful voice." Was it a told; but it first had to be translated into the lanchallenge, or was it merely a glad recognition that guage of the people. at last the end of their long journey was in sight? The winds carried the words three hundred and The first five years at Cape Maclear were years sixty miles up the Lake; then over hill and plain of toil and death. It was evident that if real progto what is now Northern Rhodesia; far out east ress was to be made a change must come. In and west to Zanzibar and the mouth of the Con- 1881 the headquarters were moved up the Lake to go; and in all that vast region there was none to Bandawe, in the land of the Tonga people. From join in the song, and none to whom the words, that time the development was rapid. Schools even had they been understood, would have con- were opened and teachers trained; men were veyed any real meaning. taken into the carpenter's shop for instruction; At Cape Maclear, famous as the first station of the Mission, the party settled down to work. Slowly the years passed; men came and went; or they came and stayed until death claimed them, and there they lie, witnesses to the compelling power of Christ, and to the strange tenacity of His servants in every land and every age.

Laws made voyages of discovery in the little "Ilala"; he undertook long overland journeys, establishing contacts with leading chiefs up and down the lake shore. An utterly unfamiliar lan-

ROBERT LAWS OF LIVINGSTONIA

others were taught bricklaying, printing, book tions were formed, with Kirk sessions and minbinding, and agriculture. The whole region was isters and evangelists, and schools were spread explored, and Dr. Laws, in such intervals as he all over the land. The Livingstonia Mission could command, took up his great task of trans- reached out into Northern Rhodesia at Ilala, at lating the· New Testament, preparing school Lubwa, and at Mwenzo; the people thronged to books, a grammar of the language, and dictionary the schools, eager to seize every opportunity for the use of new members of the mission who placed before them. were now coming to his aid. Under the direction of the Rev. A. G. MacAlpine a great mother The mind of the African race was being slowly church was built up, slowly other congregations reformed by many methods. Into the now safe were formed and other stations were opened world they went far from their home to work in throughout the land. Teachers, doctors and nurses the gold mines of Rhodesia, the copper mines of were sent out from Scotland and the Mission The Belgian Congo, and to other enterprises as was fully established.

Reforming the Africans But trouble arose. The wild and warlike Angoni, an offshoot of the fierce Zulus of South Africa, swept down from their high- land plateau and harried the unhappy Tonga people, burning villages, killing the men, and carrying off the women and children. Robert Laws went up into their country where he met the great warrior chief, Mombera, and the two strong men formed a friendship which was never broken. As a result of this conference Dr. Elmslie went to Ngoniland, and, after adventures that would have satis- fied a Knight of the Round Table, he won over the people and Christian progress was assured.

Meanwhile other events were happening.

Laws had long foreseen that the British Gov- ernment must take control of the country and, after a preliminary blunt refusal by Lord Salisbury, this was done in 1889. A great impulse was thus given to the forces of progress; peace was assured; the postal service united the country from end to end; roads everywhere began to be made; magis- trates administered the law, and numerous ancient feuds died out. Other missions were coming in. The Church of Scotland had long had its headquarters at Blantyre; the Church of England Mission established itself on Likoma Island; while the Dutch Reformed Oopyright-MoUat, Edinburgh. ROBERT LAWS OF LIVINGSTONIA Church of South Africa was working in the southern parts of Nyasaland. The Roman Church far as Zanzibar, and Durban. The homecoming also took up work, as well as the Baptists, and of these far traveled individuals brought new others. ideas to the villages, with new clothes, new ameni- The transformation of Africa was proceeding ties of civilization, new sources of wealth.

apace; and Laws, now a recognized authority in All this brought fresh problems to the mission- all matters concerned with mission work, was the aries, but Laws and his colleagues were equal to guide and counsellor of all. His advice was sought the demands made upon them, though often at by government, as well as by the heads of the new great cost to themselves in loss of health, and industries with which the country was being de- occasionally in loss of life. The problems of suc- veloped. Most important of all, the native Church cess took the place of those of failure. The great was growing with amazing rapidity. Congrega- crowds attending church and school had to be or-

ganized and shepherded. In 1894 it was decided In 1908 the Scottish Presbyterian Church be- that a central institution for training and educa- stowed on Dr. Laws, now grown famous, the high- tion must be established, and as a result the Ov- est honor in its power: he was summoned home ertoun Institution was founded, with Dr. Laws as to fill the Moderator's chair of the General As- principal. The Home Committee responded with sembly of the United Free Church. Already uni- funds and men and, as the years passed, this great versities had conferred degrees upon him, D.D., institution came to be regarded as the most im- M.D., LL.D.; the Government bestowed upon him portant educational work between the Zambesi the C.M.G. (Companion of the Order of St.

and the Congo. Students flocked from far and Michael and St. George); The Africa Society near, all keen to seize the unique opportunity pre- gave him the African Medal, which so very few sented to them. The Overtoun Institution trains have received. In the United States, which he teachers, ministers, evangelists, doctors, as well visited more than once during his furloughs, he as carpenters, bricklayers, book printers and bind- made many friends and highly esteemed support- ers, agriculturists, engineers, tailors. Today one ers. There were few to dispute with him the title, can see there, as now elsewhere in Central Africa, from which he himself would have shrunk, of the the sons of men who knew of no implement but greatest living missionary; for the Livingstonia the hoe and the spear, controlling complicated Mission was now, under his inspiring leadership machinery at the mines, on the river steamers, one of the greatest epics of the Church of Christ.

and in motor cars; the fathers knew nothing but But the years took their toll. In 1927 he was war; the sons preach the Gospel. The fathers asked by the Mission Council to meet the Gover- heard the drums beat for vile dances, the sons nor of Nyasaland, along with other leaders, to hear them summoning the people to worship God. discuss the question of Government assistance to An Independent, United Church education which had become of first rate impor- tance. But his health suddenly failed and he The story now runs with great rapidity. The sailed for home where he underwent a severe operchurches of the Presbyterian Missions, Scottish ation. He lingered on, still vigorous, and taking and Dutch, combined their presbyteries to form an active share in the concerns so dear to him, one United Synod of the Church of Central Africa until August, 1934, when he passed to his reward. Presbyterian. The natives wholly supply the funds of this church and draw nothing from Great Brit- Mrs. Laws was the great wife of a great man. She was great in herself; a great linguist; a great hymn writer, whose hymns nourished for a generation the native Church which· her hus- band did so much to establish. Indeed her history is so much the history of her husband, that it is difficult to think of any activity of his in which she was not his efficient and loving helper. She was, too, a woman of wit and wisdom, ready at repartee, a famous housekeeper and hostess, and the willing friend of all her husband's colleagues.

Men are great, not merely in virtue of the great -deeds they did in their own proper persons, but they are great because others have contributed to that greatness. Livingstone had his Laws; and Laws had his great lieutenants: Elmslie and Stuart who brought in the wild Angoni; Mac- Alpine, who built up the great Mother Church at Bandawe; Fraser, beloved at home and abroad; MacMinn, whose linguistic work is bringing fame to .Livingstonia; Chisholm and Moffat, who A CiHll:Ral-IS~T-IA-lN-FA-M-I-L-Y-I;N;"-L.;:aIo"V".I:oN:;;G:;;.;s'-TO-N-I-A—…&. brought in the tribes of the north and west. The history of the Livingstonia Mission will never be ain. There is a native Central Fund Treasurer; fully told until the great deeds of these great men the Clerk of Presbytery is a native minister; and, have had their full count of credit. So long as so far as possible, they are encouraged to manage the Church can find such men, and send them out their own affairs, but always with the mission- and support them, the fame of Robert Laws will aries to guide them where that is necessary. The go on and that for which all great servants of Church in Central Africa is standing on its own Christ stand-the evangelization of the whole feet, subject only to its Divine Head. world-will suffer neither eclipse nor collapse.

Problems and ,Encouragements

As Seen by Some Foreign Mission Executives T HE difficulties of the present hour are so many and so obvious that we are sometimes prone to be discouraged and to overlook the encouragements. In the home and foreign mission work the prob- lems were never more numerous, and sometimes they seem baffling. They clearly call for earnest study as to their causes and solution and they require faith and greater dependence on God rather than on human wisdom and power.

In response to a letter sent to a number of missionary leaders in America replies have been received to the following two questions: 1. As you see it, what are some of the special present-day problems that we face in the foreign mission enterprise? Such problems may relate to finance, changes in policy, difficulties in the field or in the home church.

2. What are some of the encouragements that you note in the hQme church and in the field? Such encouragements may relate to improvement in finances, to increase in interest in the home church, to the attitude of the young people, or they may appear in reports from the field as to the progress and outlook.

The answers received-somewhat condensed-throw much on the present situation. An editorial presentation of the problems and encouragements will appear in the next number of the REVIEW.

EDITOR.

I. SOME PRESENT-DAY PROBLEMS 1. The need for taking the whole subject of cooperation far more seriously than at present is ROBERT E. SPEER being done, judged by the results. There is im- perative need of our Christian forces entering Secretary of the Presbyterian Board of Foreign Missions more promptly and thoroughly, having counted the full cost, upon what I call the third stage of Among the problems we face in the foreign mis- cooperation. By this stage I mean not only for sion enterprise today I would name the following: chiefly the pooling of knowledge and experience, but more specially pooling of plans (before they 1. Problems arising from false nationalism. A are made or entered into), personalities, money, true nationalism is inherent in Christianity and names, administration. in the missionary idea. Weare seeking to help each nation to achieve its own true personality 2. In almost every field and in almost every and accomplish its own mission of service in the board there is need of re-stating and revising proworld and we are doing our best to build up in- grams, looking ahead for a period of five years. digenous Christian churches to serve in the fullest I would find it difficult to name a half dozen agenway the true interest of the national life. The cies which have done this and have their program difficulties of the problem lie in the spread of a or plan in a form to be submitted, and have it false and unworthy nationalism. generally understood and accepted by their lead- ers near and far. This is very serious. 2. The problems which secularism and the naturalistic view of the world and of life present to 3. There is need for the creation of a deep and the Christian Gospel. We must have missionaries unshakable conviction on the part of the leaders eqUIpped to deal with these problems both by rea- and other discerning members of the churches son and by love. that the missionary enterprise has by no means attained. It is a shocking, tragic fact that with 3. The problems of devolution as it is called, reference to totally unoccupied mission fields (by meaning thereby the transfer both of control and which I mean those in which there are no misof responsibility from the foreign mission to the sionaries, or almost none), we stand just about national churches. where we did at the time of the Edinburgh Con- ference in 1910. In the partially and even largely 4. The problems arising from confusion and occupied fields we have, in most cases, only encontroversy among the Christian forces, absorbing in internecine conflict the energies which are needed for the work of aggressive evangelism of the New Testament type.

JOHN R. MOTT tered upon the period of high specialization, and, in my judgment, have still to render many of our Chairman of the International Missionary Council most distinctive and critically important services Among the most pressing major problems of in the work of evangelism and the training of the foreign missionary enterprise, as I see them, Christian leaders.

are the following: 4. The catching of the imagination of a new [11 ]

generation with such vividness, with such appeal keener sense of responsibility for the evangelizato the heroic, and with such compelling force as tion of the world in this generation. There is to ensure beyond peradventure a tremendous re- also the problem of finance, which must be solved sponse. In this respect the Church of Rome just if the work is to be carried on adequately.

now is putting us to shame.

Basically these and all other problems that are ROBERT HALL GLOVER pressing upon us will not be solved until we make much more ground than we have been making in Home Director of the China Inland Mission for North America recent years in solving our problem of leadership, 1. As related to the work of the mission in among missionaries, indigenous churches, and China there are the following problems: mission boards and their auxiliary agencies. a. The continued communist menace in several provjnces of Central China. The present situation ROBERT P. WILDER in Kweichow and Szechwan is particularly seri- ous. Two C. I. M. missionaries in Kweichow have Formerly Secretary of the Student Volunteer Movement,. been in the communists' hands since October 1, Recently Secretary of the Near East Christian Council and two others have recently been killed.

1. Some of the present day problems in the for- b. The difficulties confronting the Chinese churches in their efforts toward full self-support eign mission enterprise are the problems due to and taking a larger share in the work of carrying the Gospel further afield. I refer especially to the non-Christian religions, humanism, secular- exhorbitant taxation, burdens imposed by milita- rists, and heavy losses through communist banism, nationalism and the growing power of com- munism. / 2. Among indigenous Christians are the prob- lems due to persecution, especially on the part of ditry and calamities such as flood, famine, and fanatical Moslems and caste-ridden Hindus. pestilence.

There are also the problems of indifference. Often c. The cruel persecution of Christians among among indigenous Christians, the second and third several of the aboriginal tribes of Southwest generations have lost some of the glow and radi- China, notably the Lisu in west Yunnan. Bitter ance which the first generation possessed. This persecution is being meted out there by greedy is sometimes shown in diminished evangelistic and unscrupulous officials, because of the Chriszeal, in less of the prayer spirit, in doubt as to the tians' refusal to grow opium, and because of the full trustworthiness of God's Word, less reliance steady shrinkage of the whiskey trade due to the upon the power of the Holy Spirit, and less time rapid increase in the number of Christians. given to Bible study. 2. As related to the enterprise in general- 3. Among missionaries we find at times it is a problem to establish a firm conviction about the Undoubtedly the greatest problem, far more necessity of maintaining the devotional life serious than the financial depression, is the loss through giving an adequate time each day to Bible or weakening of conviction on the part of so many study for personal spiritual growth and private in the home churches, ministers in particular, reprayer. Work presses in, especially when the mis- garding the great essential truths of the Christian sionary staff is depleted owing to the financial faith. "Modernistic" teaching in seminaries and crisis. preaching in many pulpits are directly responsible for this. The inevitable and obvious results are 4. Some missionaries seem not to realize fully the waning of missionary interest and the dehow essential it is to know how to do personal crease of missionary giving among those thus work with individuals. Some are strong in pre- affected. senting the claims of Jesus Christ to an audience, but weak in helping an individual to take the de- If the missionary work of the Church is really cisive step in definitely accepting Christ as per- a divine enterprise, and not a merely humanistic sonal Saviour and Lord. project, then how can God's blessing be expected upon it, if ~ny are harbored in its ranks who are 5. It is not always easy to warn young mission- disloyal to His Word and reject the truths that aries against an assumed superiority as belonging lie at the very heart of the Gospel which we have to a better race than that to which the people been commanded to take to the whole world, and belong, among whom he labors. The Christian if "another gospel" is substituted? It is idle to a't- Gospel is one of love and should always produce tempt to make the economic depression wholly rein a missionary the right attitude toward other sponsible for the falling off of missionary support races and religions. when at least part of the cause clearly lies else- where. The ,cure cannot be effected until the 6. In the churches in America, we find the prob- cause is acknowledged and removed. lem of how to secure a deeper spirituality and a

PRESENT PROBLEMS AND ENCOURAGEMENTS

STEPHEN ]. COREY during the past three years that there is danger American Secretary of the United Christian Missionary Society lest we lose our capacity to be distressed at the injury to the work. The depression attitude has The problems, as I see them, include: already become a habit with some people, and 1. An exaggerated feeling that personal and lo- while many are in genuine want, others have been cal problems eclipse all else, although this is not too ready to avail themselves of the excuse af- as evident as a year ago. A sort of "pernicious forded by the psychology of the times.

localitis" effects both interest and giving. Anxious to prove to their constituencies that 2. The difficulty of maintaining interest when every economy was being practiced, boards have so many missionaries have returned from the vied with one another in making reductions in fields. We have been too slow in building interest their budgets and it has actually been true that a around Christian nationals and churches. We board which could show the most drastic cutting must press this point hard. They are our children has gained the highest approval of the Church- in the faith and greatly deserve and need our and this at a time when the need of the world for prayer, interest, and our support when necessary. Christ is so desperately apparent!

3. There has been too much dependence upon 3. In certain quarters there has been a relaxa- loyalty to organization and not enough on the tion of those basic Christian convictions that con- inherent necessity of the missionary enterprise stitute the very premises of the missionary enter- as an inevitable and inescapable part of an ade- prise. The nature of sin and its consequences, the quate Christian program. depth of man's need for Christ and the indispen- 4. The ideals of internationalism and world sability of Christ as the Saviour of the world, are brotherhood have received a severe blow. This elements in the missionary imperative that have has slowed down missionary interest in some either been challenged or rendered indistinct by quarters. the humanistic philosophy that has accompanied 5. The ideals of Christian stewardship have modern "liberalism." These basic Christian prem- slipped somewhat in recent years, due ises are essential to a vigorous missionary attitude a. To the excessive burdens taken by American and program.

churches in more prosperous days, with new build- 4. The spiritual condition that we confront in ings and equipment. The churches now find them- the world today is more difficult to reach than selves taxed to the utmost to amortize and stabi- were the simpler forms of paganism of the past.

lize their capital investments. While millions still cry vainly to gods of wood and b. To the tendency to be satisfied with paying stone, other millions have merely exchanged idol- taxes for relief in substitution for church and atry for godlessness. Surfeited with the super- individual efforts of love and mercy. The first stitions of the past from which they feel them- is necessary, but people forget the wider interest selves emancipated, they have turned violently of the church in a Christian program which state against all religions, and have become repudiators and municipal help can never reach. of faith, haters of God. Professing no God of their own, they deny freedom of worship to others, C. DARBY FULTON and are working to bring the world into one united Executive Secretary, Executive Committee of Foreign Missions, blasphemy. The difficulty of reaching these is immeasurably great. Presbyterian Church in the United States First of all, may I share with you some of our A. C. SNEAD problems: Foreign Secretary of the Christian and Missionary Alliance 1. The most obvious problem is due to the fifty per cent decline in financial support, from $1,248,- In the twenty mission fields of The Christian 000 in 1926 to $611,000 last year. Despite these and Missionary Alliance three problems stand out rather desperate figures, we have not had to recall as of major importance. any missionaries, though sickness, age, death and retirement have reduced our missionary personnel 1. In a number of the fields, particularly French from 516 seven years ago to 403 last year. Cuts West Africa, French Indo-China, Netherlands amounting to about thirty per cent in missionary East Indies, southern Philippines, and some provsalaries and stipends, and even heavier reductions inces of China, many' peoples and tribes give eviin appropriations for the work have had to be dence of being moved by the Holy Spirit to a made. Reserves possessed by institutions or by recognition of their need for Jesus Christ as Savmissionaries individually have been used up so iour and Lord when they first hear the Gospel. that we are now face to face with the time when This is so marked in some tribes that the number the work must depend only on its present support. of missionaries and native Christian workers is much too small to properly present the Word of 2. We have become so accustomed to reductions God to interested inquirers.

2. Another problem, met especially in Borneo 5. The widespread interest in evangelization and a French West Africa is that of shepherding and the breaking out of remarkable evangelistic the new converts who have been baptized. For movements in so many parts of the world, also in example, 628 were baptized by one missionary in the raising up of new and mighty evangelists, as one month recently in a district in Borneo, yet to well as apologetic writers and lecturers, within teach these converts and the more than 1500 other the past one or two decades, both among mission- Dyaks baptized during the last three years there aries and nationals. are available only one missionary and two or three native workers. ROBERT P. WILDER 3. A third problem has to do with government Some encouragements, as I see them, are: opposition in some areas, the imposing of an income tax and an increase in property taxes by 1. A growing desire for a religious awakening some governments, thus diverting funds from the missionary work. at home and abroad.

II. PRESENT-DAY ENCOURAGEMENTS 2. A greater spirit of cooperation among re- ROBERT E. SPEER ligious bodies, as seen in the work of the Christian Among the encouragements we see in mission and Missionary Councils and International Miswork today one would suggest: sionary Council; also in the movements which 1. The spirit of the young men and the young women who want to give their lives to foreign look toward church unity, as in Persia and South mISSIOns. A number of first-grade candidates have been earning their way by giving transfu- India and the recent conference of missionaries sions of their own blood. and indigenous Christians on evangelism, Chris- 2. The evidences of the working of God's spirit in individual and collective life, as, for example, tian education and on the production and circulain the baptism of Brahmans in India and the movement in the upper castes. tion of Christian literature. There are also signs 3. The increasing acceptance of the moral au- of closer cooperation between Oriental and Occithority of Christ in non-Christian lands. This is not enough but it is something and it represents dental Christians, as in the Fellowship of Unity a great advance. in Egypt, and in the work of the World's Sunday 4. The reality of the rootage which Christianity has taken all over the world and its indestructibil- School Association. ity by the most hostile forces, even in Russia. 3. The recent growth in the membership of in- 5. The steady growth of the churches on the mission field, in autonomy and self-dependence. digenous churches, as in India where there are 6. The increasing evidence that there is no hope now 6,296,763 Christians; in China' where the for man save in Christ; that the evil forces of the world cannot be conquered except by His Five Year Movement, from 1929 to 1934, has repower. sulted in stimulating the Christians to a deeper JOHN R. MOTT spiritual life and shows a willingness on the part Among the greatest encouragements in foreign missions today I would name: of the Chinese Christians not only to win others 1. The evident growth in conviction among dis- to Christ, but also to shoulder a larger proportion cerning Christian leaders as to our shortcomings and sins of omission. of the financial load carried by missionary soci- 2. The multiplication of fruitful and very re- eties. The Forward Movement in Japan has rewarding pieces of experimentation in missionary methods and practices, covering a wide range in sulted in 50,000 having signed cards, signifying the missionary program. their purpose to follow Jesus Christ. Though all 3. The growing interest in cooperation, notwithstanding failure to take the whole subject of these have not yet joined the Church there is more seriously. increasing evidence that Christians in Japan are 4. The fact that doors are open today, as at no time in the past, to the friendly and constructive recognizing their responsibility to evangelize their ministry of the Christian Gospel. fellow countrymen in Japan and overseas.

4. Another encouragement is found in the work of the Bible Societies. The Bible is still the best seller.

5. It is said that while Latin America has large- ly turned away from organized Christianity a speaker presenting the Christian message, as a new and vital challenge, can always get a sympa- thetic hearing. In Buenos Aires, Santiago and in student centers in Brazil, Colombia and Venezuela there have been eager audiences to hear the Gos- pel. – ROBERT HALL GLOVER 1. We of the C. I. M. are greatly encouraged by the sustained interest of our constituency of friends at home, as evidenced by their many let- ters, and also by our contacts in the autumn con-

ferences in the East and the West. Our Prayer Japan, China, India, and Africa all face great Union membership, composed of those who ex- issues and are in expectancy.

press the desire and purpose to pray regularly for 5. The penetration of Christ's influence, far China and the work of the Mission, is steadily beyond what we can count in statistics or mem- increasing. bership in the churches, is a matter for great 2. There has been a steady succession of appli- encouragement. The New Life Movement in cations for service in China; the number during China, based largely on Christian ideals, is an the past year has been particularly large. We illustration. It would be hard to find among edu- sent twenty-six new recruits to China in 1934, and cated and religious nationals anywhere in the non- we must have dealt with three or four times that Christian world, one who would not hail Jesus as number of applications. the ranking ethical teacher of the ages.

Eighteen new workers have also been sent from Great Britain and twelve from Australasia last C. DARBY FULTON year. Over against the problems and difficulties that 3. There has been a steady and substantial ad- face us today one could set a long list of encour- agements that far outweigh the difficulties. I vance of our Forward Movement on the field, with mention three that seem to stand out strikingly ever increasing visible results in conversions and in the missionary picture: baptisms. The opening of nineteen new main centers of work, and the baptism of 7,221 con- 1. The increasing open-heartedness of the peoverts, during 1933, made that a record year in ples of the world to the Gospel of Jesus Christ. the history of the Mission. This is not inconsistent with the fact that many governments seem to be slowly closing to religion. 4. There has been marked blessing attending In the time of Christ, just when the chief priests the special services on many of our stations for and the rulers of the Jews were seeking to destroy the deepening of the spiritual life of the Chris- Him, the common people were hearing Him gladly. tians, and the stirring of them to increased zeal A missionary writes: and effort in behalf of the salvation of souls here at home and the spreading of the Gospel farther "The doors for Gospel advance are flung wide as never afield. Chinese workers and foreign missionaries, before. The church in Brazil faces an unprecedented op- have conducted such services with blessed results. portunity. Crowds everywhere, as reports come in from Special encouragement has also attended the far and near, are willing to hear with attention and symholding of short-term Bible Schools throughout pathy the call of God to repentance and faith in Christ. our mission field, with the object of increasing The day of march has come!" the knowledge of the Word of God among the Writes another: "God evidently wants Africa, for never was the Holy Spirit more manifestly present there. At rank and file of our Christians, and fitting them Luebo Station alone we baptized this year 2,548 adults, and the church is aflame with zeal for Him." for more effective soul winning, and some among From another missionary comes this message: "There them for full-time preaching. During last year 329 such schools were held with a total of 11,500 is a mighty tide sweeping through China. It is the tide enrolled, in addition to our regular Bible Schools, of God's spirit moving upon the hearts of men." for the fuller training of Chinese pastors, evangelists, and Bible women. Dr. Stanley Jones declares that China presents the greatest evangelistic opportunity in the world. Dr. George Truett, returning from a South Amer- STEPHEN J. COREY ican tour, says the supreme challenge is there. Surely God is at work in all the world!

As to encouragements I see the following: 2. The new fervor for evangelism is one of the 1. An increased wistfulness on the part of min- most encouraging factors in the present mission- isters and others for the realities of religion. ary outlook. Despite the limitations that falling 2. Increased cooperative effort on the mission income have placed upon the work, our mission- fields. aries and their fellow workers are everywhere 3. Humility on the part of Christians in the manifesting an eager desire to extend the work recognition that as a church we have not come into unreached territories. In some fields this abreast of Christ's ideals in America and that centrifugal instinct of our missionaries is quite we must go to others depending upon Him and conspicuous. It is interesting to compare the lat- not on our own superiority. est reports of work in Brazil with those of fifteen 4. The great issues that face us abroad bring years ago and see how the names of stations and stirring challenges. The tides of secularism, na- outstations of former years are being replaced tionalism, and communism, call Christian people, from year to year by new towns and communities.

as never before, to take the message and life of The older ones are not abandoned but they are Christ to the whole world. The distress and dis- being brought to self-support as rapidly as pos- quietude of mankind summons us. Also lands like sible in order to release money and personnel for

the work of extension. It is gratifying to note that remains to be finished; there is even more that in several fields, despite every discourage- that yet remains to be begun. ment of the depression, new work has been opened and is being successfully sustained with most 4. The world has always needed Christ. Her gratifying results. need of Him today in the face of her complexity, bewilderment and sin is more apparent than ever. But it is the native leaders themselves that offer the most conspicuous examples of this evan- 5. In some lands, governments seem determined gelistic fervor. One needs only to mention the to close the doors against Christian missions. Kingdom of God Movement in Japan, the Five Year Plan in China, the evangelistic movement 6. The young life of the Church is ready to go that is sweeping certain sections of the Belgian forward. Applications from volunteers are pour- Congo under the leadership of Tshisungu Daniel ing in to our offices from some of the choicest and others, and the quiet revival of prayer and young men and women in the Church, who are personal work in Korea, as examples of such zeal. prepared to answer the need. The significant thing about these movements is that they have not been born in the initiative and 7. When in ~:very sphere of life the peoples of leadership of missionaries, but are the expression the world are being reminded of their mutual of the evangelistic fervor of native sons who have interdependence and responsibility, shall the set their hearts upon the winning of their own Christian Church forget her responsibility to people for Christ. every man or allow her sense of world mission to be dimmed? Dare we forget that our Lord's 3. Where two such movements as the foregoing, command has never been revoked and still conthe eagerness to hear on the one hand, and the stitutes the marching orders of the Church? eagerness to tell on the other, are found parallel, things are bound to happen. And things have A. C. SNEAD happened. The past year has been the most fruitful results in all the more than 70 years of our In presenting the problems I have already made foreign mission history. Outstanding among the results of the year is the record number of 8,383 mention of some encouragements in the fields. added to the church on profession of their faith 1. The Alliance is privileged to preach the Gosin Christ. It is granted that we cannot always measure spiritual results by statistical standards. pel and to have a share in building the Church However, it is a cause for great joy and thanks- of Christ in more language groups today than giving throughout our Church that last year in our foreign fields the number who stood before ever before in its history. The Church in the fields the world to acknowledge their sins and receive is taking over territory formerly under mission Christ as their Saviour exceeded by more than 2,000 those who took this stand in any previous responsibility and the Mission and the Church year. together are going forward into new tribes and To summarize, it is our feeling that the time new areas where the Gospel is thus being preached has come when a call to advance should be sounded for the first time. among the churches of America. Today the whole world situation is like one vast syllogism every 2. Despite government opposition in Cambodia, premise of which leads to but one inevitable con- the results during 1933 and 1934 are more encourclusion, namely, "Forward again in missions!" aging than at any time since the field was entered 1. The openness of the hearts of men and wom- in 1923. In a few fields the work of translating en around the world to the message of Christian the Bible into tribal languages is being steadily missionaries, attested by the letters that come carried forward and last year one of our mission from every field, constitutes a clear call to renew presses printed over 25,000,000 pages of Scripture our missionary advance. portions and Gospel literature.

2. The unparalleled productivity of mission 3. Both in the home church and on the fields work, yielding richer returns than ever before, there is evidence of the gracious working of the encourages us to move forward. Holy Spirit in causing believers to humble them- 3. Vast untouched areas await a new venture selves before God and definitely seek for a revival. of faith. With national churches gradually taking 4. Twenty-six new missionaries were appointed up the burden of the work we have been doing, it should become more and more our missionary for our Alliance fields in 1934 with the expectation aim and purpose to press out into territories where Christ is not known. There is much work of their sailing during the year or in the early months of 1935.

5. We praise God for increased missionary in- terest evident in many of the home churches and for the missionary zeal shown in the younger churches in -the mission fields. .

I believe that, despite every hindrance that Satan brings, we are facing a day of marvelous opportunity for evangelization in many parts of the world and we are encouraged to press forward in the name and by the enabling of Christ our Lord.

Situation in

As Seen by Dr. Julius Richter of Berlin I N THE Neue Allgemeine Missionszeitschrift, is the well organized propaganda such as that of Dr. Julius Richter of Berlin deals with a num- Agha Khan in the Tanganyika territory and oth- ber of present-day problems which are so im- ers. portant that they deserve close study. The first problem is that presented by the world- The fifth consideration is that to which we are forced by the world-wide propaganda of Bolshewide depression, which demands an adjustment vism. Its soil is amazingly well prepared by the to the shrinking incomes of all mission groups. unworthy and in many instances impossible con- This question in the background of all "recent dis- ditions of obtaining a livelihood among the procussions of missionary problems is "How can the letarians of the earth, as for example the 30,000,- important part of mission work be preserved even 000 unemployed and the abysmal poverty of though many related developments must be cut hundreds of millions of peasants in Imlia, China down ?" Can the present retrenchments of the and Japan. The great strength of this kind of sending bodies be made fruitful by granting the propaganda can hardly be over-estimated. new national churches in the mission field a greater measure of independence, and by urging great- Sixth, there looms the awakening, floodlike and er self-support in view of the diminished income powerful influence of an increasing nationalism. from the home boards?" These efforts of the Hand in hand with it, we observe the awakening younger churches on the mission fields are oc- of the national religions and sometimes the recurcurring at the time when they too are affected by rence, as in Germany, Turkey and Persia, of earlier and forgotten religions, which oppose the world depression. Christianity as being irreconcilable with the new Many factors have altered the position of Prot- ethic.

estant missions since the end of the World War. Changes Since the World War The first factor is the enormous loss of prestige Such conditions are entirely different from the which Christian nations suffered by the disillu- sionments which have befallen the non-Christians. views which prevailed before the war. It was These matters are too well known to need discus- then held that occidental civilization was either sion. identical with Christianity, or at least closely con- Second there is the growing gap between Chris- nected with it. This was the great time for such tianity and some views of modern science. All splendid movements as the Student Volunteers, nations want modern sciences and arts; but they the Missionary Education Movement, the Lay- are very reticent about any desire for Christianity men's Movement and for such slogans as "Evan- or the Christian Church. If we meet within the gelization of the World in this Generation." In body of Christendom such a thing as Bolshevism, Germany, in this period, the great colonial expan- with its radical hatred of all religion, and even in sion gave an impetus to missionary undertakings.

a country like Germany see a decided self-asser- Now, however, many churches are passing tion of a new German paganism on a nationalistic through an era of an ebbing of interest, a reac- basis, need we wonder at a holding back from tion! This reaction is to be deplored. During the Christianity on the part of non-Christian peoples? time referred to there were in most of the fields Third, we should earnestly consider the sur- efforts at work which were to crown the preceding prising progress made by the Roman Catholic efforts, by leading the young churches toward a Church in Africa and the Dutch East India, with complete self-support. But such aims demanded an expenditure of men and money such as the time for maturing. The highly developed conduct combined Protestant missions cannot equal. In of Protestant missions contained within itself an French, Belgian and Portuguese countries this inclination toward institutionalism, such as the Papal church may count on a far-reaching assist- founding of colleges, universities, hospitals, Y. M.

ance from the colonial authorities. C. A. buildings, publication houses. In the case Fourth, in the last few years before the World of even a great lessening of the supply of men War it seemed as if the progress of Islam had and means, there arises a danger of freezing up been retarded. Now we observe that in equatorial the assets of such enterprises. The men and Africa and in Further India, this religion is mak- monies necessary for the work of evangelization ing its power of assimilation felt among the prim- and the growth of the missionary enterprise leave itive peoples within its reach. A decisive factor too few means available for the magnificent enter- [17 ]

prises which have already been called into being. There is the hope that these young churches Dr. Richter thinks that there should be a new will develop a sufficiently large and strong initia- consideration of the work of missions but he de- tive that they will be able to take care of the non- clines such a study on the basis of some sugges- Christian masses surrounding them. We point tions in "Rethinking Missions." There should not with great hopes to the Five Year Plan of Cheng- be any reduction of the Biblical message of salva- chin-yi, the Kingdom-of-God Movement of Kaga- tion. Neither can there be any "moratorium" of wa and can well rejoice in what they have the missionary obligation on account of urgent attained. But as yet, the new churches, notwith- demands at home. The all-obliging missionary standing their excellencies, have not acquired the command, the royal authority and the divine missionary attack that is needed. Besides, we promise are sufficient for all believing Christians. can hardly compute the comparatively enormous What May We Expect? expenditures of effort and means required to carry on such work asthe occidental churches can carry, What may we expect as the fruit of our mission owing to the momentum acquired through the work? Dr. Richter enumerates answers to this centuries.

question, based upon experience gained in many 3. This places us before a great and difficult ages and many countries. task. At present many free missions are hunting 1. There are in Christian history three typical for unoccupied fields for their activity. Most of developments: First, the permeation of the Ro- them fail. The result is that Protestant missions man Empire by the Christian spirit and the Chris- tend to degenerate into aimless guerilla warfare.

tian Church in its competition with Oriental Besides, when we consider the many costly un- mystery cults, then the century of effort to realize dertakings carried by the sending churches, such "One Church-One Empire," and a failure of all as the establishment of such institutions as were these efforts since the rise in the fifth century of mentioned above, how can we expect these young- various separatistic churches. er churches to undertake work of such dimensions, Secondly, in the Germano-Slavic middle ages without abundant assistance from the sending the passing over of entire tribes and peoples under churches?

the leadership of their rulers and then a very slow 4. In the last century the missionary enterprise and very gradual penetration of these peoples with found open doors everywhere. Dr. Richter shows the Christian spirit and ethics. Thirdly, in the by the example of the missions in Africa that, Spanish-Portuguese national or state missions of while then one could be of the opinion that paganthe sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, with ism would soon collapse and what was most Church and State in close alliance, the setting-up needed was to gather the new Christians into of a hierarchy with state subvention. Modern churches, this is far from being true today. Modmissions offer few parallels to such work as the ern civilization is entering Africa by the three christianizing of the South Sea Islanders, largely channels of Protestantism, Catholicism and Islam under the influence of their rulers. and these forms are fighting each other tooth and 2. Nowadays the attention of Protestant mis- nail. However the Protestant churches today face sions is focused on the development of Christian the task of gathering the Negro peoples, so far as groups, with the aim of making them National possible, into Christian churches and train them Churches. It is generally thought that, when this into a real Christian life.

aim is attained, there will be no further need than 5. In Asia the strata first reached by the new to assist such churches in the case of emergencies. influences were the cultured circles. This may be Is such an expectation justified? First of all, in traced most easily in the case of three leading most mission countries the Protestants constitute countries. In Japan, the Samurai were the real only a small percentage of the total population. light bearers of culture. They have also given the For instance, in China two-thirds of a million church some outstanding leaders, such as Neeamong 500 millions, in Japan, 200,000 among 65,- sima, Ouchimura, Kagawa. In India, broader 500,000, in India five millions among 350 millions. areas were more quickly reached, but the caste In none of these countries is the Christian increase system stood in the way. In China the literati less than the increase in the number of births, so that the ratio is constantly shifted. Secondly, in were the on£s who hindered the spread of the all these countries we cannot fail to notice two incoming religious influence, but in more rece'nt peculiar characteristics, the one tending to isolate times there was being prepared a notable change the Christian bodies, the other to absorb them here too. However, since the war, the condition completely. We are not yet advanced to the point of things has changed surprisingly. The greatest where we may be sure that the present day Chris- difficulties today come from the growth of nation- tian groups will escape a similar fate. alism, which in most cases has become a violent

PRESENT SITUATION IN MISSIONS

passion and proves a considerable hindrance to 9. A noteworthy fact is seen in the circumstance the spread of Christian missions. that early Christianity faced a world in the proc- ess of dissolution, while the modern missionary 6. The question arises whether we might not finds that ancient systems are becoming more conhave some other means of reaching the great solidated. This is eminently the case with Hindumasses of Asia, aside from the natural work with ism and Confucianism and only in the case of individuals. In the world of Islam, most mission- Islam in Turkey is it possible to observe a general aries still feel that they must observe a waiting breaking down of the old. attitude before closed doors. But we still have the tried means of entering wedges, such as medical In early mission work in Europe, the bearers of work, schools and colportage. In Japan the work the Gospel found fresh youthful masses that were of Kagawa seems to find access to the masses. In not influenced by any great civilizing movements. India the efforts among those not in the castes We meet such a condition now only in Africa and seem to be gaining in influence. In China we face the South Seas; but in Asia the missionaries have a catastrophe in civilization, and that of colossal had to face ancient cultures, and their initial sucdimensions. Two overpowering influences are at cesses were gained mostly among the lower strata work through the collapse of the ancient Manchu of society. Today the problem is to reach those power. This involves not only the whole ruling who are the possessors of higher culture. In the system with its prestige and its cultural forms, attitude so far observed among such peoples, many but also the break-down of the old Confucian missionaries have had the feeling that all doors system of scholars and men of letters. Three were closed and all seats occupied. Now there are great forces are now entering the country: an indications that catastrophic changes are impendun-religious science, communism and Christianity. ing. Bolshevism is a new force which is present- China and Africa present the greatest missionary ing an aggressive front all over the world and problems in the Christian Church today. people are weighing the claims of Bolshevism against those of Christianity. Here the mission- 7. Christian leaders are sure that foundations ary faces not only a challenge, but an opportunity. have to be dug deeper along three important lines. The first field is the ethical, and spiritual. The 10. Since Lausanne, Christians have come to an problem shows itself most clearly in Africa. There understanding of the definite and essential conpaganism appeared under six forms, ancestor wor- tent of the Christian message. In this there has ship, magic, tyranny of chiefs, polygamy, slavery been a decided gain for the preaching of the and tribalism. Since missionaries were convinced Gospel. that these conditions were impossible among Christians they very properly proceeded to exter- 11. Dr. Richter says that great spiritual moveminate them. However it was frequently over- ments usually pass over peoples like great waves. looked that in the conditions that had matured for He thinks that all countries are at present not on centuries, there might prevail aspects that could the crest of any such waves, but in the depressions be used for the implanting of that which is truly between them. He refers once more to the great Christian. In many cases the African was con- losses which the world has incurred in recent sequently so denationalized that there remained years, such as the collapse of the church in Russia, nothing that could be done, except to ingraft a the liquidation of Panislamism and the Caliphate, life that was really foreign. Now the problem is and the breakdown of Confucianism in China. seen under the aspect of so anchoring the Chris- He mentions also the stop of great Christian movetian church in the native life, that the strength ments in the United States, and similar collapses that actually inheres in it may be used to make its in Germany. powers helpful to the Christian development. A careful study of present-day conditions and Three methods have been held proper in India. resources must give us the conviction for our faith The Roman Catholic Church acted as if paying no and a guidance for our conduct as follows: attention to caste. The Leipzig Mission regarded caste as a social and civil order, which merely That the living God is quietly building His Kingneeded to be purged of non-Christian extrava- dom through all the confusion of the peoples and gances. The Anglo-Saxon missions in the main that this is the end of the ways of God. regarded caste as a satanic perversion that must be utterly exterminated. That the person of Jesus Christ is central for all Christian proclamation and that all mission- 8. A similar problem arises from the conditions of language. At present it is being more fully ary preaching must have its start and goal in it. recognized that the language of a people contains peculiar elements of power that may be fully util- That Jesus Christ and His salvation is the final ized and thus become of great help in the develop- and deepest answer to all questions of human bement of a people. ings and that it is our task to hear the questions that arise from the depths of men and to give the true answer to them.

IF I WERE A MILLIONAIRE* By REV. W. H. Moss, M.A., B.D., HYTHE, ALBERTA, CANADA Do you sometimes plan what you would do if you suddenly became a millionaire? I am do- ing that today after spending two days of pastoral calling in a homesteading part of my parish. I parked my car near the highway and borrowed horse and buggy for the bush trails. Later I parked horse and buggy in the bush and walked more than two miles to visit a lonely bachelor on the far side of a muskeg over which horse and buggy could not travel. Incidentally I got my feet wet. My friend served dinner-fried potatoes, fried eggs, fried meat. (How do their stomachs stand it year after year?) As I was going from place to place, I was wishing I had money. If I were to become a millionaire, I think I should do some of the following things: 1. I should ask for Divine guidance in the discharge of such a responsible mission as the wise handling of so much money.

2. I should give at least one-half to the Missionary and Maintenance Fund.

3. I should continue to be a home missionary.

4. I should, as long as possible, let no one know that I had money, lest I become the prey of those who would besiege me with requests for help and so interfere with my regular work.

5. I should payoff the debt on the local church and relieve my people of the almost intol- erable burden of paying eight per cent interest and thus put new heart into them for complet- ing their place of worship.

6. I should send to Edmonton for a hundred-dollar violin that was sent in by a new settler for repairs two or three years ago and is being held there until the bill of thirteen dollars is settled. Thereby great joy would return to this music-loving homesteader who really needs his beloved instrument for the good of his soul.

7. I should take a pair of shoes to the cobbler and have patches put on the soles.

8. I should accede to the unusual request of one man for certain drugs for the treatment of bedbugs. He says he can't abide them.

9. I should buy school books for a girl. The grade desired is being taught in the local school and all she requires to continue her education is about eight dollars for books.

10. I should send a most promising young man to university in order that he prepare him- self for the Christian ministry.

11. I should buy organs for three log schools where I hold services.

12. I should provide a home in this village under the care of a Christian matron, so that several girls in the surrounding district might go on to school. Their people can supply meat and vegetables; what is needed is a place to stay and that place ought to be under reliable supervision.

13. I should build a hospital here, for the nearest at present is forty-five miles away and difficult to reach when roads are blocked in winter. I should have free medical service for the poor. Then there would need to be no babies born in crude shacks without a doctor in attend- ance.

14. I should give to every minister on a home mission field a year's leave of absence once in seven years and pay all expenses while he and his family visited their friends and he took a term at college.

*** But as I am not a millionaire, I pray that I be not like the Irishman who had a needy friend and said that if he had two cows he would give him one; and yet he did have two pigs and would not give one of those.

• Adapted from the United Ohurch Record and Mi88io,nary Review.

Cooperative Advance at

By the REV. CHARLES E. SCHAEFFER, D.D.

President of the Home Missions Council; Secretary of the Board of Home Missions, Reformed Church in the United States I T SEEMS anomalous under existing conditions These Christian leaders felt that a new social in the Church today to be speaking of an ad- order, new conditions territorially, religiously 1l.nd vance. The organized forces of Christianity ecclesiastically required a new strategy and a new are almost everywhere sounding the note of re- approach to the whole problem. Consequently treat. The slogan along the whole battle line is they launched "The New Cooperative Advance." that of retrenchment. Nearly all the home mis- If the advance of former days had spent its force, sion boards are either marking time or have re- a new advance would have to be made, so that called a large part ·of their forces from the field. home missions might always be true to its real Whole areas which were once missionary ground genius and spirit.

have been given up and the financial pressure has This new advance was to be along three distinct been such that curtailment of effort has become lines.

imperative and has caused grave concern among 1. The old home mission advance was on de- missionary leaders. nominational lines and the early religious history The heart and kernel of the work of home mis- of America was based largely upon denomination- sions has always been the pioneer spirit. The alism. This was practically inevitable when home mission forces have always constituted the America was new and young. Denominationalism advance guard of the Church. They have blazed had its rise in national, social, lingual, creedal, new trails, opened up new highways, discovered new areas and have always marched breast for- and racial peculiarities. I ward at the van of the procession. That is the very genius of this great movement in the bosom Some of these were an importation from the 'old or world, and some grew out of the religious soil ill America itself. But whatever their origin of the Church. A little more than a century ago historical basis, these denominations were per- the religious forces of North America were cen- petuated and extended into other sections of the tered in the eastern part of the continent. Then country. This has resulted in an oversupply of when the various denominations became auton- churches in many communities and has become the omous and indigenous, there followed a wave of chief target of the critics and of the cynics. It missionary expansion such as has never been wit- has resulted in the multiplication of churches of nessed in any age or in any land. Impelled by an many stripes and names, of sects, some of which onward urge the forces of Christianity pressed are so small as to be mere insects. This has been into the virgin lands and into the frontiers of our the scandal of Protestantism in America. Some country. The results were astounding. Churches churches are so small that they have no ability to and schools and colleges sprang up like Jonah's function effectively in Kingdom building. They gourd overnight and dotted the land with religious have a struggle for self-preservation. They be- a,nd educational institutions. All this was accom- come ends in themselves and thus they obscure plished practically within the space of a century the real mission of a church in a community.

and a half. Then suddenly, as though a hand had The new home mission advance now shifts the reached down, this expansive program of the emphasis from denominationalism to interdenom- Church was arrested. It halted along the whole inationalism. It does not advocate undenomina- front until today we are compelled to take an in- tionalism but it espouses interdenominationalism.

ventory of stock and make a fresh 'appraisal of It believes that there are foci points where denom- our task. Noone so keenly sensed this change of inations can join hands and where united effort conditions as did the home mission leaders. About becomes more effective, if not more economical, ten years ago they began to see which way the than single handed denominational activity.

wind was blowing and undertook to set their sails 2. The second new line of advance is that of in the right direction. They who walked late on cooperative effort. The old home mission enter- the deck saw strange lights rise and fall and they prise was inspired largely by the competitive prepared to meet the new situation when once it spirit. Each denomination tried to outrun, out- confronted them. strip, outdo the others. The law of the jungle [21 ]

prevailed. The Nietsche law of the superman in activity. Even this is better than unfriendly rivreligious circles dominated almost every situation. alry and un-Christian competition, but it by no Consequently there was a rivalry for place, pres- means exhausts the meaning of comity. There is tige, power. The rivalry was not always friendly. a positive aspect which involves not merely keep- The Kingdom of God suffered violence and the ing out of each others' way, but also means muviolent took it by force. There was a regular tual support and aid. Comity involves the idea stampede to occupy territory first, to erect the of the "big brother" on the part of denominations. most handsome, most costly edifice, and to secure Thus when a given field is allocated to a denomthe largest possible membership. Proselytism was ination the other denominations should say not practiced beyond measure and the church that had merely "Go to it-God bless you," but they should the pull and had the preacher and had the purse, come forward with their treasures, their money, got the lion's share and the others had to take the their members and pour the same into the allohindmost. Many a poor, discouraged minister had cated field so that the denomination that has asto be satisfied with the gleanings in the corners sumed responsibility for it can meet the situation of the field which had been neglected by the har- adequately. This can be done far more readily in vesters who reaped the full harvest. And all this new than in old communities. In new communitime the established Church in the East kept pour- ties local loyalties and traditions have not yet had ing money into these "mission fields" which were time to take root and develop as is the case in old largely competition centers. and well-established communities.

The wastefulness, the extravagance, the sinful- Certainly such principles of comity could be ness of this sort of ruthless rivalry in due time readily worked out among foreign-speaking comlaid hold upon the consciousness and conscience munities. Already much progress is being made of missionary leaders. They saw what a violation along many lines. I name only a few. There is this was of the spirit of the Christ whom they the matter of Religious Work Directors in Govprofessed to serve. And they said among them- ernment Indian schools. There is the work among selves, "This thing must stop!" There must be a the Mexicans, where nine denominations are cosubstitute for competition. There must be an end operating in work among Mexicans and Spanishto ecclesiastical rivalry. And happily they hit speaking Americans. There are the Summer upon the word cooperative, and declared that the Schools for rural ministers; there is the Chrishome mission advance must be along cooperative tian Approach to the Jews; there are definite lines. They set up committees on Comity; they local projects such as at Radburn, New Jersey; advocated the organization of State and City Boulder City, Nevada; the Tennessee Valley Councils, and projected programs of united action. Project; the work in the West Indies, in Puerto This involved a change of the whole psychology Rico and Santo Domingo. There have been set up of the churches but this cannot be effected over Denominational Community Churches, Federnight. Prejudices and policies are too deep seated ated Churches, Undenominational Community to be immediately supplanted by something else. Churches and Affiliated Churches. It is evident A long process of education is required to change that the home mission forces are on the advance people's mental and moral attitudes. Today no in Comity and Cooperation. one can question the rising tide of interest in comity and cooperation throughout the Protestant 3. The old home mission work centered its ef- Church. This growing interest proceeds in part forts almost exclusively upon individuals. The from practical considerations. Our Home Mis- work of making Americans Christians has been sion and Church extension agencies are financially only a partial success, as statistics sadly reveal. embarrassed and sheer necessity is compelling Out of 125,000,000 people, at least 70,000,000 rethem to pool their forces and resources with main outside of any organized institutions of reothers if the task is to be completed. This interest ligion. The National Home Missions Congress in springs also from spiritual considerations. Minor Washington, 1930, stated the task of home misissues which divide us are being put into the back- sions as involving "the winning of men and women ground and major issues which unite us are thrust to discipleship of Jesus Christ and to unite them into the foreground. The clearer vision of the with other disciples in the fellowship of the Chrismeaning, and the mission of the Church is serv- tian Church." ing as a great unifying and cooperative impetus among all right thinking people. This is only one phase of the task. The Con- gress went on to say that the task is also "to bring But comity has both a negative and a positive the Christian impulse to bear upon the broad, aspect. Negatively, it means not interfering with social and civic questions of our day." In other the plans of my Christian neighbor. It is the easy, words the new cooperative advance includes em- "let alone" policy in the field of denominational phasis on the social application of the Gospel of Jesus Christ, the christianization of all of life as

NEW COOPERATIVE ADVANCE AT HOME

well as of every life. It insists that all relation- and unified promotion of all the interests of the ships of life must be brought under the dominant Church. control of Christ. Here we face a task of tremendous proportions. This is a real job and the 2. An Advance in Promotion. This involves: task remains unfinished until every area of life (1) The bringing to the Protestant Church of is thoroughly christianized. Horrie missions today America a new vision of its entire task. (2) A is as nect!ssary and its opportunity is as great as thorough coordination of all the agencies of the ever in the history of our nation. The enterprise Church in an inclusive program in order that their somehow must recover its ancient passion and essential unity may be adequately expressed. (3) power. To the Church there must be restored a Not only to express this essential unity but at the sense of urgency and obligation in christianizing same time to contribute to the efficiency, the econ- America. But this task must be done not in the omy and the goodwill of the total task. haphazard, helter skelter fashion of pioneer and frontier days, but along well planned and defi- In the language of Dr. Henry W. A. Hanson, nitely constructive ways. The program must be President of Gettysburg College and Chairman of along educational and inspirational lines, based the Special Committee on Review and Forecast: upon sound ethical principles involving construc- "If Christianity is to make an impress of any contive methods of comity and cooperation. sequence, it will be done by a cooperating Church. The time has come for suspicions and misunder- The Home Missions Council and the Council of standings, based largely on superficial differences, Women for Home Missions have planned this co- to be put into the background. The great task of operative advance along two fronts: putting Jesus Christ into the life of our age will be achieved only by a cooperating Christian 1. An Advance in Program. (1) This involves Church. Will the Church be equal to the opporan adequate occupancy of every community with tunity of the present hour? If we fail in this the Christian ministry. (2) The avoidance as far as possible of all duplication of effort and of com- hour, the opportunity will be gone and we shall petition. (3) The setting up over the whole field of interdenominational organizations, in regions, stand condemned as unprofitable servants who states and cities, for the purpose of church planning, comity adjustments, cooperative activities have failed in a great crisis."

In the language of Dr. E. Stanley Jones: "We cannot go further unless we go deeper."

Satisfied I do not ask that I may see all of the road But if my groping hand can find Thee close beside My feet must press from day to day. Me, when the darkness closes round; I do not pray that all the burden of my load, If o'er my heart Thy love flows like a tender tide From off my heart be dropped away. When heavy burdens press me down; I do not wish that all the stones that bruise my If I can feel Thine arm about me when I fall feet Because the path is rough and steep; Be flung from off the path I climb. If I can lift my tear-stained face at Thy sweet I do not want the sorrows that my soul must meet, call Changed to some ecstasy sublime. When torn by pain and sorrow deep.

Then will the wounds I bear more precious be than gold, Or any treasure I can gain.

Then sudden shock or conflict fierce will find me bold To stand for Thee, nor heed the pain.

Then with Thy tenderness my brother's head I'll raise, And walk his faltering steps beside; Rejoicing in Thy love and at Thy smile of praise. And .0-1 shall be satisfied. -Don C. Carver, in The Christian Intelligencer.

a Kurd Becomes a

The Remarkable Story of a Moslem Mullah of Kurdistan -~I J; ;I ;;;;;;PI;;;;;;E"""RS_O;;;;;;N=====!.III~ ====B"""Y"""D"""E"""L;;;;;;A;;;;;;V;;;;;;AN=;;;;;;L;;;;;;.

ISLAM is proverbially the impregnable rock or religious dignitaries, and his father, Mullah which defies the advance of Christian mis- Rassul, was a distinguished Moslem theologian. sions. Raymond Lull, the early apostle to Mos- The boy was brilliant in mind and devout in spirit. lems, declared that he would die content if he At six years of age he could read the Koran and could see one follower of Mohammed truly con- soon mastered the Persian classics and Moslem verted to the Christian faith. Of all Moslems theology. When he was thirteen his father died there are probably none more fanatical and bit- and Sa'eed, a student of Moslem law and theology, terly antagonistic to Christianity than the Kurds became a teacher in the mosque school. He ad- of Kurdistan. These people are hardy mountain- vanced rapidly in religious and literary circles, eers, living in the territory of western Asia, a was considered a brilliant theologian, a master of t~rtitory extending from Lake Van and Mount Persian literature and a pious worshipper in the Arttrat to Kermanshah in Persia. They are fierce mosque. He was initiated into the mystic and fighters and many are brigands. Dr. Isaac Yonan powerful Naksh-Bandi order of the Sunni sect of'/(jrumia calls them generally "illiterate, crafty, and was looked upon as the rising star of Senneh.

wild, fanatically religious, warlike, lazy, treacher- While he was still in his teens people came from ous, cruel, hospitable, independent and remorse- far and near to ask him to write prayers, to be less robbers ….. To a Kurd a rifle of any new sewn in their clothes or hung in their houses, to European model is worth more than a wife, and ward off sickness and misfortune.

a good horse is worth more than a wife and two While Sa'eed was still in his early teens, he first concubines!' These people are all blindly fanat- came into contact with Christianity. Two of his ical members of the Sunni sect-those who strict- private pupils were sons of a Roman Catholic ly follow Moslem tradition. merchant and in their family he saw the use of Can one of such a race, and with such inborn strong drink which is very obnoxious to orthodox prejudices and wild ways of life, be persuaded to Moslems. A copy of the New Testament in Per- forsake his people and religion and become a true sian came into his hands through a student but follower of Jesus Christ? It is certainly impos- he could not understand it and a Catholic priest sible through any message or philosophy'recom- whom he ·consulted could not explain passages mended in the Laymen's Missionary report. that puzzled him. So he cast the book away in But that such a transformation is possible disgust. Image and picture worship, both ana- through the Gospel of Jesus Christ, is clearly thema to Moslems, which he saw in Catholic homes proved in the story of Sa'eed the Kurd, of SennElh' .a.nd.:cliurches, jed~himto believe that all Chris- who became Sa'eed, Khan, the Beloved Physician tians were idolaters and gewors (heathen). He of Teheran. His experience is one of the most gave thanks that he was a Moslem and determined remarkable and thrilling in the annals of mission- to do all in his power to bring infidel Christians ary history. The man is today an answerable to the true worship of.Allah as revealed in the argument for the power of Christ and the worth- Koran. .'~ whileness of Christian missions.* Thus he became~till more studious and devout Sa'eed was born seventy years ago in Sen- in his observance' of all the requirements of his neh, a city of some 60,000 inhabitants, with the Islamic faith. – reputation for being the most fanatical in Eastern At about this time an Assyrian Protestant Kurdistan. It has more mosques than any other Christian, Kasha Yohannan (Pastor John) of city of its size. Sa'eed came of a line of mullahs, Urumia came to Senneh, sent by the American –;-;rhls remarkable life-story is told In "The Belo·ved Physician of missionaries as an evangelist. He inquired for bTuerhyeraPnr,e"ssb, yNDasrh. vIisllaea,c TYenonneasnseoef. Pe$r1s.i0a0.. Published by the C<>kes- some one to teach him Persian and was referred [24 ] DR. SA'EED KHAN, THE CHRIST'I'&N KURD, AND HIS SONS to Mullah Mohammed Sa'eed as he was then called. controversy was an eye-opener for Sa'eed and Finally an agreement was reached whereby the created in him a genuine admiration for his mullah would teach the pastor Persian in ex- Christian teacher. change for lessons in Syriac. They used the Psalms and the Gospels in Persian and Syriac as At this time the elder brother, Kaka, the head a basis for their study. At first Sa'eed would not of the family, became disturbed over the growing give a "Salaam" (peace be on you) on entering friendship, and forbade Sa'eed to continue assothe house of this unbeliever so he deceived him by ciating with the gewor. But when the young man saying "Sahham" (may the sword come upon explained that his purpose was to expose the unyou). While the Prophet Mohammed indorsed tenable position of Christians and to lead them to both the Old and New Testament, Moslem tradi- the true faith, Kaka was persuaded to withdraw tion teaches that the Bible of the Christians is a his prohibition. The brilliant youth continued to hopelessly corrupted form of the original text. visit and argue with the older pastor who dis- Pastor John's prayers were not formal but sin- cussed with him patiently the relative merits of cere and included confession of sin and petitions Islam and Christianity, comparing the Bible and for friends and enemies alike-something abso- the Koran, Jesus and Mohammed. Sa'eed began lutely foreign to Islam. The pastor was a man to see that the Pastor understood the Bible and of tact and loving spirit. He did not criticize also the Koran. They read together the Sermon Mohammed or the Koran but lived a Christian on the Mount and the Gospel of John, one prelife before his pupil-teacher and so won his con- senting the social principles of Christianity and fidence and respect. the other presenting the evidence of the deity of Jesus. The Psalms and Isaiah brought to light Christian work among Moslems being pre- the Old Testament prophecies of the Messiah-all scribed in Senneh, Pastor John started his mis- points of controversy between Moslems and Chrissionary work among the Jews. One day a group tians. Sa'eed's interest deepened from day to day. of young Jews challenged him to prove that Jesus He compared the prophecies, the birth and life was the promised Messiah of the Old Testament. and death of Jesus with the history of Moham- Sa'eed happened to be present and, as a neutral, med. The explanations of Sheik Imam J umeh was asked to act as judge. Later Sa'eed wrote: were not satisfactory, while those of Pastor John "Pastor John, throughout the discussion that last- showed knowledge and honest reasonableness. ed three hours, impressed me with his unpreju- Sa'eed had been taught that Old Testament prophdiced honesty and remarkable knowledge of the ecies referred to Mohammed not to Christ but Old Testament. I often had to rebuke the Jews as he read the forty-second chapter of Isaiah and for their stupidity and hardness of heart." This other passages he could not fit them into the his-

tory of the prophet of Mecca. The one was the Finally Christ conquered. Sa'eed says, "In the embodiment of love and purity and peace; the twinkling of an eye the raging sea was hushed, other was the prophet of the law, of compromise and peace flooded my soul. I could not have ex- with the flesh and an advocate of war. Sa'eed plained why I loved Jeesus but I was simply began to study Hebrew so that he might find out charmed." It had taken two years to reach this if the Old Testament had ,been accurately trans- decision and Sa'eed had counted the cost. He knew lated. Later he said: that apostasy was looked up'on among his people "The things that impressed me most and caused as a crime worthy of death.. ,' His bigoted brother the light to come into my soul were the beautiful and uncles and the whole clan would be enraged life of Pastor John, his truthfulness, his wisdom at the thought of one of their number-a mullah- and knowledge of the Scriptures. As I compared becoming a renegade. It was a gigantic battle this with my own life and the lives of great Mos- for a youth of eighteen, but he felt convinced that lem ecclesiastics I said: 'Surely there must be in God was with him. Soon after this Pastor John Christianity something more sweet and powerful was obliged to.1eave Sennah but before leaving he than there is in Islam.' ….. One day I asked the baptized Sa'eed behind closed doors.

pastor plainly: 'What do Christians think of Mo- For some time the young convert continued to hammed?' He hesitated and then said, 'Jesus said teach in the mosque and to perform his duties as that false prophets would come after Him. The a muezzin five times a day. Then one day, as he life and character of Mohammed are such that read the words of Christ, "Ye cannot serve two we do not think he is a worthy prophet to repre- masters," he seemed to hear a voice saying to sent the Holy God.''' him: "Sa'eed, you are trying to serve two mas- But Sa'eed was not ready to yield. He was ters. You do not believe in what you testify in angry and returned Pastor John's Bible, ceased the muezzin call that 'Mohammed is the apostle his visits for a time and devoted himself more of God.''' That evening he compromised and in than ever to the Koran, to his religious duties, to place of calling out, "ashad-inna" (I testify) he his religious teaching and to his work as a muez- used the words "astakh-/er-Allah" (God forbid) zin (giving the daily calls to prayer). But he that Mohammed is the apostle of God. But this could not escape from Christ. One day the thought did not long satisfy his sense of loyalty to his came to him: "What, after all, if Mohammed was Master. One day when he was sitting in a vine- an imposter?" The shock was so terrific that yard, reading the story of the crucifixion and men- Sa'eed began to buffet himself saying, "0, cursed tally picturing Christ's death on the cross for him, fellow. Satan has got hold of your heart." He he had a desire to celebrate the communion.

sought cleansing and peace by ablutions and Opening his handkerchief he took out the bread prayers, but in vain. He was in agony and con- for his luncheon squeezed grapes into the palm tinually sleepless. One night he jumped up de- of his hand and partook of them in memory of termined to atone for his blasphemy against his Christ. "The vineyard became a temple and the prophet. He branded his legs with live coals, common meal a sacrament." New strength came making two deep scars to remind him that he was into his soul and he decided that he must deny a Moslem and that he must never again converse himself, take up his cross and follow Christ. That on religion with a gewor. night there was no muezzin call from the minaret.

Still peace did not come to the soul of Sa'eed. His kinsfolk noted the silence of Sa'eed's voice As the scars on his legs healed the burning in his and feared that he might be ill. When the young heart grew more unbearable. The. more he studied and taught the Koran, the more he discovered its man came home he found members of the clan errors. One night, as he returned from the mosque gathered and he handed his brother a letter which he stumbled and fell. Lifting up his voice he read: cried out, "0 God, make plain to me the right way and I will follow it. Otherwise I will go insane." In the nu'/11./l of one only God My Brother: The dangers to my life grow greater day by day. I am a Christian and confess it to you openly. If you will murder your brother my life is in your hands. I cannot escape-yet death will be gain to me. If you In an instant he says, "I felt lifted up and made spare my life, I will be thankful and will serve you as up my mind as to what I should do." much as I can. My wish is to leave here so that you Again he began to visit Pastor John and spent may be in peace. Your brother, Sa'eed. hours each day in study of the Bible, memorizing the Sermon on the Mount. He was particularly A bomb exploded in the midst of the company impressed by the book of Isaiah, the Gospel of could not have created greater consternation.

John, some of the Psalms, and the narrative of Women pulled their hair, beat their breasts and the suffering, death and resurrection of Christ. the men shouted "Ka/ir" (blasphemy). Kaka, his At the same time he studied and compared the brother, laid his hand on his dagger with the im- Koran and the Moslem commentaries. . pulse to slay the renegade who had become an

WHEN A KURD BECOMES A CHRISTIAN

infidel. The uncles urged delay and suggested that was called to their homes all over the city, night Sa'eed was deranged and that he be given an op- and day. Later he visited England to perfect portunity to recant. That night while the family himself in surgery and in the treatment of eye, were asleep on the roof the young man left his nose and throat. When he returned to Hamadan home determined to flee to Hamadan and there he specialized in eye surgery and word of his won- take refuge with the missionaries. He was over- derful kindness and skill spread to every part of taken and beaten. When his brother threatened Persia.

to kill him Sa'eed calmly said, "My brother, do During an insurrection he was called upon to not kill me-not for my sake but for your own." accompany the army of Ain-Douleh, son-in-law The Moslem's rage subsided before the gentleness to the Shah, to minister to the soldiers. In this of the Christian; the spirit of Christ was vic- campaign his private tent was next to that of the torious over the sword of Mohammed. As the general on whom his humble Christian life and brothers returned home Sa'eed began to tell his unselfish service made a deep impression. In rec- brother why he had determined to follow Christ ognition of his services, Sa'eed was given a yearly but Kaka only cursed him for his blasphemy. allowance for life and the honorary title of Khan.

Murderous threats followed from the fanatical He became for a time private physician to Ain- uncles. Again at night Sa'eed fled and again he Douleh with whom he had many private conversa- was followed and brought back but the third time, tions on spiritual themes. When one of the favor- by avoiding the highways and traveling at night, ite wives of the Shah, Muzaffar-AI-Din, was taken he reached Hamadan weary and famished. Here ill Dr. Sa'eed Khan was chosen, instead of any of Dr. Alexander, the Presbyterian mission surgeon, the foreign doctors, to perform the operation. He gave him food and shelter and after hearing his prayed earnestly to God for strength and the oper- story put him to work at the menial task of ation was successful. Thus Dr. Sa'eed Khan, the stable boy. persecuted and despised apostate Moslem, one- Now began a new period of Sa'eed's life. As time stable-boy in the American Mission, became the young man thought of his Master born in a one of the high dignitaries of the Persian Capital, manger, the stable became a sanctuary where he in great favor at the Shah's court.

could read his Bible and worship God without At one time he was called to the bedside of an fear. His family gave him up for lost but as the influential Moslem ecclesiastic who had been bit- news of his apostasy spread, all Kurdestan was ter in his hatred for the apostate doctor. The case stirred with rage; bazaars hummed with gossip was discovered to be beyond the help of medicine and decrees were issued by leading sheikhs sanc- or surgery. This was explained to the patient and tioning his murder. Dr. Sa'eed asked his consent to carry the case in Another Assyrian Christian from Urumia, Pas- prayer to the Great Physician. Now Sa'eed the tor Simon, who was living in Hamadan, soon dis- doctor became Sa'eed the intercessor. Taking the covered in Sa'eed a true Christian and a scholar cold hand of the mullah he kneeled down by the whose talents and training were too valuable to bedside and prayed, be devoted to caring for horses. He engaged the "0, blessed Jesus, our only hope for the recov- young man as a teacher of Persian language and ery of this Thy sinful creature is in Thee alone.

literature, while in his spare time Sa'eed studied Thy power and mercy are without limit. If it be English and medicine under Dr. Alexander. Be- according to Thy Holy will, wilt thou restore him fore long Kaka came to visit Hamadan, in search to health again."

of his brother, and was so impressed by his joy As he prayed, the tears rolled slown his cheeks. and beauty of character that he too became a The effect was startling-his courage, his sym- Christian. pathy, his honesty and his sincerity made a deep The Christian Doc.tor impression. The patient recovered and became the After a period of preparation Sa'eed became an life-long friend of the doctor.

assistant in the mission hospital and seven years But while friends increased, his enemies were later began his own medical practice. He also still many and bitter. At one time he desired to gave public adresses in Christianity to patients visit Urumia to see his wife's relatives and to meet and students. On all his visits to patients, both again his old friend and spiritual father, Pastor rich and poor, he carried his Bible and never John. His road led through Kurdestan which was missed an opportunity to speak to them of sin, its in turmoil on account of an effort to rescue a girl consequences and its cure and of the Great Physi- who had been taken by force into the harem of a cian of souls. Thus, in a remarkable way, he ef- Kurdish chief. The roads were unsafe and Dr.

fectively combined ministry to the physical and Sa'eed was urged not to pass through Kurdestan, spiritual needs of his patients. His fame spread the stronghold of his enemies who had sworn to so that hundreds crowded his dispensary and he kill him. After prayer, however, he decided to

trust in God's protection and to take the journey. begged to be excused from this liberal hospitality He went through the hostile country, ministering and settled at the home of Shamasha Shumel everywhere to the sick and giving medicines to all (Deacon Samuel), who was the native missionary in need. His courage, courtesy, kindness and from V rumia. An hour later a secretary of the skill disarmed the hostile Kurds and they became Governor appeared with four or five servants his friends. bringing a few cones of sugar, a quantity of tea, But Dr. Sa'eed's heart still yearned to help his some candy, and two young lambs for our supper, own people in Senneh, who were still bitter in as well as a letter of invitation to dine with the their hatred of the apostate who had disgraced Governor the next day. Our visit with the Gov- the family name. Since he himself could not re- ernor was most pleasant. He embraced Dr. Sa'eed turn home, he finally persuaded Dr. Jesse Yonan, very cordially for the two had become acquainted an Assyrian physician who had studied in Amer- when Zafar VI Mulk was Governor-General in ica, to go to Senneh to serve his people as a Chris- Hamadan. After dinner we met several of the tian physician. Dr. Sa'eed accompanied his sub- high dignitaries who all knew Dr. Sa'eed by repu- stitute for some distance on the journey. On the tation, as an apostate from Islam.

way they met a noted brigand who came to consult Many of the mullahs were anxious to meet Dr.

the doctor on prevalent diseases and their treat- Sa'eed for a religious controversy, and they ment. Learning something of the doctor's fluency crowded into the large living room at Shamasha in speaking and writing in Turkish, Kurdish, Shumel's. The doctor met their questions with Arabic, Syriac, Persian, and English, the chieftain such clear, uncompromising statements that Jesus asked him to write something that he could keep. is the only Saviour and gave such evidence of his In response the doctor wrote John 3: 16 and superior knowledge of the Koran and his ac- signed his name. The brigand was astonished to quaintance with the Bible that the audience was find that the name was Kurdish and when the greatly impressed. Instead of challenging him, doctor confessed that he was a Christian a change as had been their intention, they were spellbound came over the visitor and he said: "It is a pity under his earnest exposition of the Bible. After I have accepted your hospitality so that I cannot listening for more than an hour these men were kill you." Without another word he withdrew. changed from enemies to friends. Two "men"

At another time the doctor was waylaid by from Senneh who had vowed to kill him, ap- brigands but when they found that he was a physi- proached Dr. Sa'eed. They had been boyhood cian they only asked about the treatment of cer- classmates in Senneh and everyone expected them tain diseases, received a supply of quinine and to attack him; but as soon as they neared the boric acid and then sent a guard to accompany the doctor they embraced him most affectionately. The "Honorable Doctor" to his next stopping place. occasion was very solemn and made a profound Dr. Yonan, his companion, writes: impression upon all those present and the would- "Monday morning, before starting out, we were be murderers departed with love in their hearts.

warned by the Rev. Benjamin Labaree, not to go When Dr. Sa'eed and Dr. Yonan left Souj- through Souj-Boologh, because he was informed Boologh more than one hundred and fifty people, that two men from Senneh had come to Souj- most of them Kurds, from all walks of life, came Boologh and were waiting there to meet and kill to see them off and the two men, who had come Dr. Sa'eed. We hesitated and then the doctor with murder in their hearts, wer·e the last to say said: 'All of yesterday and today we have been good bye. No miracle could have been greater preaching to the people about the presence of God than the change from assassins to kind, and brothand about His p~otecting power; now we are dis- erly friends.

playing our own lack of faith in that power.' We Some twenty years ago Dr. Sa'eed received a decided at once to take the route through Souj- very urgent appeal to come to the help of a Kurd- Boologh and started out much encouraged. The ish sultan (or great chief) who lived at Awraman, city of Souj-Boologh is the seat of the govern- eight days' journey on horseback from Hamadan.

ment and is situAted on a mountain slope. The The danger was great and the Doctor's friends Governor's palace was in a most commanding strongly opposed his· risking his life among wild position, from which the Governor could observe, and fanatic Kurds many of whom were brigands with his field glasses the movements of the travel- and one of wbose sheikhs had issued a "decree of ers on the main road leading to the city. He evi- sanction" to murder Sa'eed as an apostate from dently saw our caravan long before our arrival Islam. The Kurdish sultan sent an armed escort for we were met by a deputation sent to inform and promised to be responsible for the Doctor's us that the Governor was greatly pleased to know safe return home, so after laying the matter be- of the presence of Dr. Sa'eed, Khan, and desired fore God in prayer, Dr. Sa'eed felt it was his duty us to be his guests at the mansion. Politely we to go. He reached Awraman safely, performed

the operation that successfully restored the sul- Dr. Sa'eed was teaching his regular Bible in his tan's eyesight and ministered to many other pa- home in Teheran, a man entered with a few of tients. The hostile sheikh, realizing that he could his followers. It was Mahmood Khan Sanni, the not kill the doctor while he was under the sultan's notorious Kurdish brigand. He had been capprotection, endeavored to win him back to Islam tured by Government troops and brought to Teby sending a large delegation of the mystical heran as a hostage. Now, conscience-stricken, he Naksh-Bandi, the society to which Sa'eed had fell on his knees and kissed the hem of the docformerly belonged. The doctor describes the tor's robe. Then he sat down and heard the good scene as follows: physician expound the passage from Romans 5: 8-10, "While we were yet sinners, Christ died for The court was packed as I entered and the sheikh wel- us." "If, when we were yet enemies we were comed me in the name of all, and showed me a place to reconciled to God by the death of His Son, much sit by his side. After a~ exchange of formal greetings, more, being reconciled we shall be saved by His everything became very quiet. As I looked around the life." audience, what a sight! Every eye was fixed on me. I could see blood and hatred, violence and vengeance, in At the close of the Bible study, the former brigthose serious and gloomy faces. A feeling of anxiety for and made a humble confession, and received a a moment depressed me and I prayed in my heart, "0 Bible and religious tracts. Since then the peni- God, I am in a lions' den. Be as close to thy servant as tent sinner has been a frequent visitor in the home thou wast to thy servant Daniel." of the doctor and he and his men have received hundreds of dollars worth of medicines and treat- At a sign from the sheikh all the audience at ment free of charge from the one whom he once once began to sing and chant, at first in moderate tried to kill. Once more Christ-like love has and subdued tones, then slowly growing louder proved itself more than conqueror over hatred and wilder. When they were well warmed up, and murder. reason gave way to emotional excitement; they beat their uncovered breasts and faces, shouting The captain of the sultan's band that escorted and howling like madmen. Their mouths were Dr. Sa'eed on his perilous journey was a devout foaming, but they still repeated the word "Allah" Moslem and a descendant of the prophet. On the until they had lost their voices. When they had journey he saw Christ and the Christian religion reached a high pitch of excitement, slowly they so clearly exemplified in the Doctor's life and in began to lapse into a state of hypnotic insensibil- his testimony from the Word of God, that he too ity. Dr. Sa'eed wrote: later confessed Christ as his Saviour and Lord. He visited Hamadan to learn more of Christ and took The sheikh had arranged this performance with the back with him Bibles in Persian and Arabic and idea of warming my cold heart, and to make me return tracts to distribute among his people. to the true faith. But as I listened and observed, how my soul bowed before Him, the Son of God who had sev- Can Moslems be converted? Can a fanatical ered my chains and had set me free from this wild slavery. Kurd become a Christian? Is Christ greater than Tears came to my eyes and I had difficulty in keeping Mohammed? Is the Word of God more powerful them back lest they should fall at the wrong time and than the sword of Islam? Who can doubt it after carry a wrong impression. Did not my soul tell him, reading the history of Dr. Sa'eed, Khan, the Be- "I have more understanding than all my teachers: for loved Physician of Teheran? He is now over thy testimonies are my meditation. I understand more seventy years of age and has been a Christian than the ancients, because I keep thy precepts?" (Psalm for over half a century. He has grown daily in 119: 99, 100.) Christian experience, has reflected Christ in his daily life and in his medical service. Without During the performance, which lasted over two slighting the requirements of his medical prohours, the doctor was a quiet listener and ob- fession he has been a true evangelist. He has server. When the meeting was over, he expressed been a constant student and teacher of the Bible, his thanks and returned to the sultan's house. and his faith and COlll"ag-e and love have never failed. Thousands of Kurds, Persians, Jews, The sheikh, seeing that his "spiritual perform- Turks, Assyrians, Armenians and others of all ance" had accomplished no result, wrote and stations and conditions-high and low, rich and asked for another private interview but the doc- poor, learned and ignorant-rise up to call him tor wrote him a letter, quoting verses from the blessed. Can anyone estimate the result at home Koran and traditions, and concluded by inviting and in the mission fields if ('very Christian would him to become a Christian. so reveal the spirit and power of Christ in char- acter and dailv jifp? What Jesus Christ can do The hostile sheikh, defeated in his purpose, for a converted Kurd, He can do for men and hired a notorious brigand, Khan Sanni, an enemy women of any other race or nation. of the sultan, to waylay the doctor and kill him on the road at night. This plot was discovered and the sultan sent the doctor and his escort by another road. After the brigands had waited in ambush for five days, they returned "like whipped dogs" to report their failure.

Fifteen years later one Sunday afternoon, when

Eben E

.If Devoted Friend of Missions and Missionaries _~I.L.._=R=E=V==.=AS_AnM_AU=EppL_rM_e._ZCiW_aEtM_iEoR_,n_D_b.yD=.t,hP_rei=n=c=et=o=n=,;N;;.!]J.il~~._ W HEN Kate Van Santvoord Olcott, of New ficial benevolence were all to one end, the advance- York City, fell asleep on Thanksgiving ment of the Kingdom of God. Day, November 29, in her eightieth year, Since 1901, Mrs. Olcott was a faithful member the missionary enterprise lost one of its most un- of the Woman's Board of Foreign Missions of the selfish, most loyal, most devoted friends. The Reformed Church in America. She became corworld's needs were always on her heart. Her responding secretary for Arabia the same year practical love and intelligent sympathy stretched and continued in that work until 1930. For all across all frontiers. An those years she carried on earnest Christian from her her heart the burdert of the earliest youth, she walked pioneer work in Arabia (at with God for eighty long that time a land of neglect years. To all who knew her, and darkness, of fanatic opher well-ordered life was a position and hope deferred) constant example of the with the intimacy and tender beauty of holiness and the solicitude of a mother. She calm of a life centered in was friend and counsellor, and source of spiritual en- God. couragement to each worker, U ntH the very day of her always eager to give prac- tical help where opportunity departure, Mrs. Olcott was arose. Every member of the about the King's business. Arabian Mission thinks of Like Moses, faithful in all her with deep affection and her house, she wist not that loyal devotion. To all memher face shone with a light bers of the Mission she was never seen on sea or land. an example of Christian self- At the funeral service held in the Collegiate Church of St. Nicholas no one in the lessness and faithful stew- great gat her i ng of her ardship.

friends needed a reminder When Mrs. Olcott retired that the two hymns rendered KATE VAN SANTVOORD OLCOTT from her secretaryship she by the soloist were an inter- wrote a tribute to the unflag- pretation of her life. Her "walk was close with ging zeal of the women of the Mission with whom God, calm and serene her frame." And Whittier's she had had "the high privilege of close associa- poem on the life "without strain or stress"-like tion for nearly thirty years."

that of the Master's by Lake Galilee-seemed a A nobler band of consecrated Christian women never full-length portrait of her who had fallen asleep. lived, and they have held on in the midst of great discour- Indeed her daughter found her early in the morn- agement-in "persecution often," in sickness, in separaing with the latest issue of the MISSIONARY RE- tion from loved ones and even unto death! VIEW OF THE WORLD turned open at Dr. Latourette's article, "The Evangelization of the World in Great will be their reward in heaven, and even now they are reaping a faint measure of it in the high esteem in which they are held by those among whom they are work- This Generation." It was the last thing she read. ing. Their homes have been veritable Light Houses amidst No student volunteer ever lived out the spirit of the gross darkness of Islam, and their family lives have the watchword more faithfully than Mrs. Olcott. shone out in contrast to those about them!

Her study of the Scriptures, her prayer-life, her "As his part is that goeth down to the battle, so reading, her talents of administration and counsel, shall his share be that tarryeth by the baggage; her indefatigable correspondence, and her sacri- they shall share alike." This is true of all who [SO]

MISSIONARY DOGS AND AIRPLANES

work at home for the foreign field. But great was always eager to send out all the money in the David's Greater Son has a far better promise, ful- treasury to meet urgent needs on the field. Her filled in her life: "Give and it shall be given unto thoughtfulness for others and her self-forgetfulyou; good measure, pressed down and shaken to- ness included long waiting at the steamship piers gether and running over, shall men pour into to welcome returning missionaries or to bid fareyour bosom." well to those who sailed. Her generous hospi- tality was proverbial and genuine. She had a In 1905, on the occasion of the Jubilee of the spirit like Nathaniel in whom there was no guile. Arcot Mission in India, Mrs. Olcott visited the for- Loyal to her own Puritan principles, she was eign field. Not only Arabia, but India, China, and tolerant of those who differed from her and had Japan shared her personal interest. For many a mind open to receive new truth. The center and years she supported her own missionaries, con- goal of her life was Jesus Christ her Lord and tributed to the regular work of her denomination, Saviour. The Bible and the place of prayer were cared for the Jacob Chamberlain Memorial Band the secret of her strength and beauty of character of Evangelists in India, had her share in the es- -a river of influence that made glad the city of tablishment of the Woman's Union Medical Col- God. lege at Vellore, as well as in many other union enterprises and efforts at home and abroad. In Mrs. Olcott's words were few in mission gath- 1911, Mrs. Olcott was one of the delegates to the erings for she was ever modest and retiring, but Edinburgh Missionary Conference and was an en- when she opened her mouth to speak it was with thusiastic supporter of its findings. She was one wisdom, and her tongue was ruled by the law of the charter members of the American Christian of love. All who knew her rise up to call her Literature Society for Moslems and its efficient blessed, and her own works praise her in the gates. Treasurer until the day of her death. No treas- May God raise up many others who will follow in urer was ever more faithful in securing and ad- her footsteps and emulate her character and ministering funds. A generous giver herself, she service.

Missionary Dogs and Airplanes By BISHOP P. T. ROWE, Seattle, Washington Protestant Episcopal Bishop of Alaska W HEN I went to Alaska, in the spring of dogs I pioneered the great interior of Alaska and 1896, the white population was estimated made a journey of 2,000 miles each winter. There to be 2,000. The conditions were much as were no road houses to spend the night in. You they had been under the Russian Government. simply camped for the night in the snow, what- There were no roads and no trails. Having in- ever the temperature, and the temperature went spected the southern coast, which meant Wrangell, as low as 78° below zero at times. Juneau and Sitka, I headed for the interior and crossed the mountains via the Chilkoot Pass. In For thirty-four years my winters were spent in doing so I hauled my own sled. Dogs were not traveling with the dogs. In doing so I not only obtainable. When I reached the interior and traversed the inland of Alaska but reached the winter approached, I got dogs from the Indians. Arctic coast and began work among the Eskimos. These dogs were maImutes and of wolfish descent. I had to train them and while doing so trained The use of dogs and travel, such as I have demyself so that I could meet the severe cold and scribed, is still a demand in Alaska, though not to travel on snowshoes without going lame. the same extent. Having grown old in the service requiring dogs and snowshoes, it is a happy I had also to cook beans, then freeze them, so change to use airplanes and to look down on places that I would have food for months of travel. For where you had terribly hard sledging, and fly in the dogs I had dried fish. The dogs drew the sleds comfort over the same. The airplane in Alaska loaded with my food, sleeping robes, and the dried is a commercial boon. It is also a boon for people fish. It was not possible to ride on the sled as the who are seriously ill or have met with an accident. snow was deep and you had to "break trail" for The airplane has come. I welcome it, and, though the dogs. Were you to ride you had to dress in I did much work by and through the dogs, I am furs, unsuitable for snowshoeing. So with the glad to take the airplane in their place. Effective Ways of Working I 'Tested Methods for Increasing Interest at Home EDITED BY MRS. ESTELLA S. AITCHISON, GRANVILLE, OHIO ~'=I= = = = = = = = = = = =_________'I~ NEW WAYS FOR NINE- sionary activity and study, after meeting to which the missionary careful survey of Sunday school, .. committee, all officers and chair- TEEN THIRTY-FIVE young people's work, etc. Is the men of standing committees, A New Year's greeting to pas- work coordinated or haphazard, Sunday school teachers, etc., are tors and church leaders 1 What advance are you planning over each department on its own?) personally invited, and formuthe means and methods of last 3. Report from the Lookout at late a plan to gear every departyear? Is your church thoroughly aroused, informed and geared the Mast Head; or a Bird's-eye ment of church activity into a for missions? Don't rest back View of What Other Churches comprehensive missionary proupon an active group of women (bless them 1) plus two mission- Are Doing. (Cast your eye over gram. For such an endeavor, ary sermons a year to qualify you under the Great Commis- the Methods Department of THE read carefully the articles on sion and the Crying Need. Start the New Year right by a mission- REVIEW for-say two years past "Plans for Pastors and Church ary "arousement" which will stimulate the life currents in -and give a summary of what Leaders," February, 1933, page every department of church activity. How about devoting an impress you as the best plans 99 in THE REVIEW; also "Plans especially advertised mid-week meeting – or maybe an all- for mission study, children's, for Fresh Beginnings," Septemchurch evening dinner-to some such program as the following, young people's, women's, men's ber, 1933, page 452, these arusing either the plain or the fanciful titles according to con- and Sunday school work; for the ticles indicating the ideal comditions, but remembering that a touch of fancy in the presenta- field has been carefully covered position and functioning of the tion of a theme creates relish and so receptivity? and only such plans as have been basic church missionary commit- tested in reliable use appear. If tee. Abundant suggestions for you have not kept your files of implementing details are scat- THE REVIEW, let this be a lesson tered all through the year.

to you: and if you are not al- ready a subscriber, send in your STEWARDSHIP DECLAMATION subscription at once, as you can- CONTESTS not afford to limit yourself to Mrs. Carter Wright, South- brief surveys of the copy in the wide Stewardship chairman for public library. Articles through- the Woman's Mission Union of out the magazine afford ready- the Southern Baptist Conven- to-hand material for activating tion, and Miss Juliette Mather, many of the plans.) its Young People's Secretary, "Go YE-INTO ALL THE WORLD" 4. The Importance of the Log have brought out plans and ac- Book; or the Prime Place of a 1. Sailing Orders; or the Live Missionary Magazine that tivating material for a series of Place of Missions in the Church Records Daily Progress in the contests which should go far to- Program-Occasional or Perma- Kingdom of God. (Exploit your ward training a generation of nent? (Not as an adjunct to the systematic and proportional givwork but the Church's supreme own denominational organ or endeavor without which it has organs, and THE REVIEW which ers. no justification for considering "Few projects," they say, itself more than a club or fra- gives a world-wide view afforded ternal organization. Missionary by no other missionary publica- "have grown in favor and popuendeavor constitutes a test of the tion. Plan for follow-up work in larity as rapidly as the Stewardreality of our professed faith the way of solicitation of sub- ship Declamation Con t est s, and loyalty, for the very heart of scriptions w hi I e interest is delighting both the young parthe Gospel is missionary. Mis- warm. If you wait to draw the ticipants and the admiring audisions now have a strategic op- net, you may lose many possi- ences attending the contests. portunity, for they must save bilities.) Everywhere people speak of the the world from the tragedy of value of the contest in teaching human selfishness which has al- 5. Setting the Sails to Cateh the Wind; or Seeking the Dy- tithing and developing a real most wrecked it.) namic. (Season of earnest prayer sense of stewardship. The decla- 2. Taking the Reckoning; or mations present stewardship of for the Spirit's motive power What Our Own Church Is Doing. and guidance.) tithes and offerings, that the (Accurate statement of all mis- emphasis be clearly given this At the earliest possible oppor- difficult phase of stewardship.

tunity after this service, hold a The W. M. U. understands that [32 ]

EFFECTIVE WAYS OF WORKING

stewardship includes more than American Life" appeared in part market or bake sale to which tithes and offerings, but in the in our September issue, sends each woman takes a basket of contest this is the theme." the following suggestions in the fruit, vegetables or other food capacity of her position as Mis- whose value equals her annual Sunbeam Band members (the sionary Education Secretary for dues and which, when sold, entiny tots) are asked to memorize Illinois under the Baptist wom- ables her to pay in full at the one of the two series' of Scrip- en's organizations. start. Call this a Dues sale. Use ture verses in a given leaflet, a Blessing Box, each person such as Gen. 1: 1; Psalm 24: 1; 1. Have each member of your young dropping in a penny whenever Job 41: 11; Psalm 50: 10; Hag- people's group read at least two books she has occasion to be thankful. gai 2: 8; Lev. 27: 30; Mal. 3: on the year's themes-Home and For- Or have roll call at each meet- 10, 11 and 2: 2; Lev. 26: 2, 12. eign. "Gold Mountain," by Payne; ing, members coming forward The second test is the Parable of "Lim Yik Choy," by Shepherd; "Ty- to pay, or answering to their the Rich Fool, as given in the phoon Days in Japan," by Spencer, names with "paid" or "unpaid"! twelfth chapter of Luke. and "Japan and Her People," by Hughes, are especially recommended. BUILDING THE NATION Junior organizations each se- BEAUTIFUL lect one of the talks furnished in 2. Present a play or pageant deala leaflet, memorizing and pre- ing with the themes, such as "The A Christian Americanization senting these at the contest, Color Line," "The Cross Triumphant," Pageant memory counting for 50%, enun- or original dramatizations from such ciation for 25%, posture for books as "A Daughter of the Samu- A summer survey of the new 10% and expression and inter- rai" and "A Daughter of the Narikin.' missionary literature revealed, pretation for 15%. among other things, that most 3. Present a debate on a topic ap- denominations are responding to Intermediate age groups select propriate to the year's themes, such the plea for more dramatizations and write upon a topic from a as: "Orientals in the United States as effective vehicles for both given list, some of which are: should have the same citizenship priv- information and inspiration. "Tithing Pays"; "Is the Money ileges as do other foreign-speaking Outstanding in artistry and im- Ours or God's?"; "Non-Tithers' residents"; "J a pan's geographical pressiveness is one arranged and Excuses Answered" ; "Obedi- limitations justify her expansion pol- directed by Mrs. T. J. Hopkins, ence the Master's Test." Essays icy." of Wayne, Pennsylvania, and as delivered are limited to five given at a Christian Americanminutes. 4. Have at least three meetings on ization meeting of the Woman's each of the themes, preferably basing American Baptist Home Mis- The Young Women's organi- them on current study books. Recom- sionary Society, at Washington, zations give original talks not mended for such use are "Out of the D. C. While couched in feminine. exceeding seven minutes in de- Far East" (Hunter) and "WorId terms in adaptation to its immelivery, based on such subjects Tides in the Far East" "Mathews). diate purpose, it is easily transas: "Owners-or Stewards"?; latable into the masculine or "My Partner's Portion"; "In Ac- 5. Have a creditable proportion of mixed terminology to be used in count with God" ; "Giving a Part your membership in a mission study a young people's group as well of Worship"; "The Tithe-God's class, in a school of missions if possi- as among their elders, and would Preventive of Covetousness." A ble. be very effective among pastors speaker exceeding the time lim- for· an evening service. The acit in delivery is penalized by a 6. Service activities: (a) A per- tion, costuming and staging are deduction of five from the sonal friendship with one or more so simple that groups of limited judges' final grade for each min- Oriental Americans; (b) A carefully resources would find it available ute's excess. All contestants are arranged visit to Chinatown; (c) A with a minimum of rehearsal. presented by number only until public program embracing all of your after the judges' decision is an- denominational agencies among Ori- The Master of Ceremonies nounced. entals in the U. S.; (d) A similar pro- states by way of introduction gram for Japan; (e) An international that Christian Americanization Awards (such as missionary forum with representatives or imper- work lends itself to the beautifybooks) are optional, but some sonations of Orientals, to discuss ing of the nation, for it is truly small token to each winner is "What are the next steps in interna- beautiful only as it is Christian. both stimulating and delightful. tional cooperation?" (f) A Japa- -A guest is expected. Here she The contests begin in the local nese festival; (g) Sending of desired comes now! church, progress through their supplies to a mission among Orientals. winners to the association, then Enter a woman called Mrs. the district and end in the state POLICY POINTERS FROM SUMMER Uncle Sam, or Mrs. U. S., competition. Is not this plan dressed in full red skirt with worth trying, either partially or CONFERENCES white stripes and close fitting in its entirety? waist of blue. Accompanying Programs are not the sole end her is a woman dressed as a PRACTICAL PROJECTS FOR and aim of our planning. The scribe and carrying a book made following excerpts from the of heavy 11×14 paper with the YOUNG PEOPLE Methodist women's meetings at Lakeside, Ohio, furnish policies Mrs. B. P. Heubner, whose in a nutshell: Begin the year outline study for "Orientals in with the sketch of a bare tree as a symbol of the local organiza- tion, and paste on a leaf for each new member. This year substi- tute cherry blossoms. Have a demonstration at the opening of the year to show what the mis- sionary dues and other contribu- tions do, using impersonations and dramatics. If commercial methods are unavoidable, hold a

American flag drawn on its cov- the Key Stones in the structure. next speaks to the Guest, hoping er. On the several pages are in- The Master Builder tells of the the purpose of Americanization work has been made clear and scribed in bold lettering the es- foundation in Jesus Christ (see mentioning the rare gifts of the sential points of the program, Isa. 28: 16 and Eph. 2: 20, 21) foreigners themselves: the Ital- and introduces several Ameri- ian love of music; the Armenian "Foundation," "Keystone," etc., canization workers to give brief with his steadfastness of purthese being displayed at the ap- pose; the Japanese-lover of propriate poi n t to reinforce talks on their work. children; the Chinese, devoted through eye-gate the coincident The Master of Ceremonies to the family; the Mexican with his gaiety; the Pole-strong of messages through ear-gate. The next describes the need for Mas- body and willing of spirit; the Master of Ceremonies introduces ter Craftsmen, and introduces Greek with his art, etc. A blend- Mrs. Uncle Sam saying she has one to speak on "Materials for ing of these gifts in the Chris- tianized foreigner will help crebeen invited to the gathering to the Superstructure" – stones ate the Nation Beautiful. record the essential points of the such as human life, men and work and then to carry back to women of varied gifts and a na- Mrs. United States then asks the women of the nation the idea tive love of the beautiful, "ma- permission to speak; and turn- terials of great price; folks with ing the pages of the great book of its worth and magnitude and one by one, she recapitulates the tell them the part it plays in souls as precious as our own, points made (which appear in building our "Nation Beautiful." bought with the blood of Christ." large lettering) and promises The guest responds suitably, She appeals to the Guest of the that this plea for Master Buildpromising to catch the spirit and evening to broadcast a plea for ers, Artisans, Master Craftsmen and Artists shall go from coast have the proceedings faithfully greater interest in the foreign to coast. She bids Godspeed to recorded in the book by her woman, a closer touch with her all the assembled group of mis- longings and needs with a view sionaries and volunteer workers scribe. The two latter are then to transforming her into choice and wishes them success. seated at a table on a platform slightly higher than that of the material for the Master Archi- Thanking the Honored Guest Master of Ceremonies. tect's use. for this promise, the Master of Ceremonies closes with the fol- Three stanzas of "America the The call for Craftsmen's Tools lowing poem and the singing of Beautiful" are then sung, after is next sounded by the Master of the last stanza of "America the which the Master of Ceremonies Beautiful" : makes the opening talk. She Ceremonies-the human materistates that the words just sung al (foreigners) becomes more To each one is given a marble to give inspiration to go out from carve for the wall: the meeting and engage in a beautiful after certain influences are brought to bear through the A stone that is needed to heighten Kingdom enterprise of nation- implements wielded by the Arti- the beauty of all: building; for making the nation sans, one of whom will now And only his soul has magic to give Christian is a vital part of the speak. it grace; 'missionary endeavor because it The Artisan tells of the use And only his hands have the cunning means Christ in the hearts of of the Book as the Rule, English to put it in place. men, women and children. Nehemiah of old, returning to re- lessons as the Mallet to drive Yes, the task that is given to each one build Jerusalem, set the people away ignorance and misunder- no other can do, at their tasks by groups made up standing, Friendliness as the of families, one building by the Level to straighten out the rough So the errand is waiting-it has wait- places for the foreign folk. ed through the ages for you. East Gate, another by the Fountain Gate and still another by One thing more is called for And now you appear: and the hushed the Sepulcher of David. We do by the Master of Ceremonies- ones are turning their gaze our missionary work by groups, Cement to hold all portions of the building together firmly- To see what you do with your chance one by the Good Citizenship and the speaker impersonating in the chamber of days. Gate, one by the White Cross Gate (hospital supplies, gar- this element makes a strong plea -Edwin MU1·khum. ments for the needy, etc.), an- for more Prayer to make the weak efforts of man into a USING SCREEN PICTURES other by the Literature Gate, mighty power and force. while Christian Americanization Harry S. Myers, of the Baptist workers build the portion by the "A building becomes beauti- Stereopticon Bureau, writes: Foreign Gate. The Master Architect-God Himself – supply- ful," says the Master of Cere- "The Religious Motion Picture monies, "through the skill of Foundation, 140 Nassau St., ing plans for the Nation Beauti- Artists who m a k e possible New York City, is an invaluable ful : under Him a Master aid in arousing interest in mis- Builder to carry out the plans. stained glass windows, frescoes, sions. The School of Missions in blended colors in tapestries and past years has been a consider- The first concern of the Master walls. Mrs. B-, who is one of able user of this material. The Builder, to have a secure founda- these Artists, will reveal the pos- missionary offering of 0 n e tion. Mrs. A- (Christian sibilities of music among our church was increased many Americanization superintend- times by its utilization." ent) will now give a glimpse of foreign friends." This Artist sings, "Come Ye Blessed of My Father." The Master of Ceremonies The Council of Women for Home Missions ANNE SEESHOLTZ, EXECUTIVE SECRETARY, 105 EAST TWENTY-SECOND STREET, NEW YORK ~=~==~===============~ EPIPHANY OR "REVELATION Church, Honolulu, the editor guese Evangelica, Mr. Talmage FESTIVAL" learned that churches, once be- longing to the foreign mission writes: -Chinese Christian. enterprise, have under the direc- tion of the Board of the Hawaii- In 1891 it was felt necessary to or- "They offered him gifts" an Evangelical Association ad- ganize work among the Portuguese of vanced into the cooperating, Honolulu. The Portuguese group, at "Praise the Eternal, 0 families of the coordinating stage of Christian that time, as now, was largely Roman nations fellowship. Catholic, but there were many children who were being entirely neglected by praise the Eternal for his glory and After many years of leadership in any church. his might! the missionary work of the Hawaiian Islands, during which time the Board A young man, Mr. A. V. Soares, praise the Eternal for his open glory organized its work by committees, was called to the Islands from the enter into his courts with an offer- representatives of Chinese, Japanese, Portuguese colony in Illinois. After Portuguese, Hawaiian, Filipino, and some years of constructive work, Mr. ing." English-speaking races, the Board in Soares and his assistants built up a "Let the skies be glad, let earth re- 1933 made what was felt to be a for- substantial small church. ward step, by placing all of the work joice of these various committees under one In 1926, Mr. Soares became ill, and let the sea and all within it thunder interracial group. it seemed an opportunity to make some Let the land and all it holds exult, radical adjustments for the church. let all the trees of the forest sing Up to that date each one of these The older people, all of whom spoke committees had been composed of the their mother language, decided that for joy, Anglo-Saxons and representatives of it should be an English-speaking at the Eternal's presence-for he the particular language group. church as soon as possible. After some months of supply preachers comes, Beginning 1933 these various races from the Hawaiian Board, the present he comes to rule the earth, were combined with the Anglo-Saxons pastor was called. Since that time, to rule the world with justice for the conduct of the church work aside from one Sunday School class and the nations faithfully." of the Board. for elderly people, and the rare use From Psalm 96-Moffatt translation. of a Portuguese hymn, the work has Whereas, in the past, the individual been carried on almost entirely in MODERN MISSIONS IN committees meeting once a month, had English. HAWAII been tending toward isolation, now it is impossible for any race to consider The encouraging thing in the From Rev. T. Markham Tal- itself alone. change from a foreign – speaking mage, pastor of the Pilgrim church to English was the fact that Of necessity our agenda is appall- the old people, who dearly loved their ing in length and often concerns in- church in their mother-tongue, made tricate situations, but there is a very the decision for the change to English. great gain in having our various races sit as advisers to determine the poli- When it was realized that this cies of all. Further, authoritative ac- meant for many of them, giving up tion is cumulative, as the races are the services of worship that they forced to act upon each others' prob- could understand, and around which lems. had been built their whole life, it seems to be one of the most beautiful This committee has now been work- and sacrificial offerings growing out ing for a little over a year, with some of our mission in the islands. This definite gain. It is exceedingly diffi- change was made because of the real- cult, but those who worked with the ization on the part of the older people committees in their old form, know that the church worship could not be that that plan also had its difficulties. vital to the younger people if carried on in a language which they could not Under the old arrangement, the understand. The older people took present chairman of the Churches upon themselves the situation usually Committee was the chairman of the demanded of the younger. Japanese Committee, and a member of the Portuguese-English-speaking Com- A YOUTH COUNCIL AT THE mittee. He can see no lessening of friendly interest from the Japanese ANNUAL MEETING OF group, due to the change. THE HAWAIIAN EVAN- This committee has under its leader- ship 91 churches, of which there are GELICAL ASSOCIATION 62 Hawaiian, 16 Japanese, 6 Chinese, 6 Filinipo, 1 Portuguese. Our church gatherings in Ha- waii, like our political cam- Concerning the church for- paigns, are very colorful. The merly known as Egreja Portu- Annual Meeting of the Hawaiian [ 35 ] Evangelical Association is a big event in the lives of the delegates. It means travel between So we had a conference and we them, customs have grown up the Islands, a week of splendid called it a "youth council." When and have been unchallenged for meetings, excellent Hawaiian it was all over, we found that years, and here as elsewhere we food, meeting of friends and 204 persons had registered and must keep gilding the monu- relatives, flower leis, music and attended at least one of the three ments of the past. Something lots of aloha. morning sessions, and 42 church- happens to the religious interest This year the 112th Annual es had been represented by them. of young people when they enter Meeting of the Association was The choirs were from Hawaiian high school age. It does not held in Hilo, Hawaii, June 23-27, churches only. Hence the major- seem to be a loss of religion.

1934. Hilo is the home of the ity of the young people were of Rather is it a change of values.

boarding school founded by Gen- that race. Yet we had Japanese, The reevaluation process goes eral Armstrong, who 1ate r Portuguese, Chinese, and Fili- on in relation to all of youth's founded Hampton Institute. Ha- pino representatives also. beliefs at that time. He becomes waii is the "Big" Island with its The Association gave official an explorer, and sometimes he two mountains Mauna Kea and recognition to the council and al~ seems to explore too boldly in Mauna Loa, both over 13,000 feet lotted two and a half hours each the sacred areas of religion. He high. On this island is the vol- morning for a meeting. becomes critical of the church's cano which has been very active It was the first major attempt program, its preaching, its mem- recently, always in a friendly of the great gathering of dele- bership. But he still expects the manner. The churches on four gates to give a real place on the church to be an institution deal- of the five main islands of the program to young people and ing with religion. The Christian group sent delegates by steamer. their problems. The meetings be- way of life, the unselfish and One whole ship was devoted to gan with a worship planned and gracious Christ, the ideals of them and they overflowed into conducted by the young people. Christian living, all make their another one-a happy, singing, They found Augustine Smith's appeal to him. Unless the church friendly crowd, most of them "New Hymnal for American meets him at this age and goes wearing wreaths of flowers Youth" very helpful for this with him into adult life, he tends called "leis." purpose. to become material-minded.

Hilo provided a royal welcome. They were very much inter- So the practical question More than 500 delegates partook ested in the discussion groups, arises, how to bring the church of three meals a day, cooked and which had about one and a half nearer to this group and this served by the volunteer helpers hours each day, to consider the group nearer to the church? of the entertaining church. They needs of their own churches. Our council decided that the were provided with beds and They asked and answered the first thing is to create clear unblankets and linen. They were question, "What does the church derstanding in this area, and the entertained at evening parties expect of the young people ?" second thing is that th€y should attended by over 700 people. and summed it up in the word choose their own representatives to sit as full voting members on And a notable choir contest was "Loyalty."

held the first night. In this con- They tried to determine what the official board of the church. test seven choirs ranging in num- young people expect of the Upon the s e representatives ber of members between twenty church. It may surprise us that should rest the responsibility to and sixty competed before a they decided that the church explain the attitude of the young great audience, singing in Ha- should be primarily concerned people, to see that the young peowaiian words Mozart's "Twelfth with religion. There was clear ple and their organizations are Mass," arranged by the leader of thinking on this subject. They given adequate consideration and the Hilo church choir. There is knew the church felt called upon to carryover to the young people probably nothing like this choir to develop activities. But they the high and broad principles contest. Memorized music, with- felt that there were enough ac- upon which the church operates, out instrumental accompani- tivities in school and community to see that the church calendar ment, a little pitch pipe in the life. They expected the church of activities is free from conhands of the leader to start them to be "a flaming torch leading us flicts in dates and plans. In fact off, and yet – and yet – music on to greater and higher things, they are to be ambassadors of whose chords and timing, timbre but today the church is like an goodwill. and phrasing and balance are so ambulance travelling behind, perfect that listeners tingle with Some of us who were privileged to appreciation and excitement. picking up the wounded." work with this group throughout the Then they spent some time sessions, felt that a very important It was this choir contest which with both feet on the ground try- step has been taken. made the conference of young The Association has officially rec.ogpeople possible. Many of the ing to devise practical ways nized its obligation to its own children. whereby the church might serve It is not starting a new organization. choir members are under 30 the youth of these Islands. They It is welcoming them, and acknowledgyears of age. The contest was felt that there is too great a dis- ing them as sons and daughters in held at the very beginning of the tance between the young people the Christian Church.- NORMAN C. meeting. After that the choir SCHENCK, Associate Secretary of the members had very little to do. and the older people at present. Board of Hawaiian Evangelical Asso- Language barriers separate ciation.

NEWS William Martin, well known as student cannot busy

editor of the Journal de Geneva, with his books in the face of Future of Christianity says in a recent article: "Never present threats of war…. It is Dr. Cleland B. McAfee of New speak of the 'next war'-for in this world of mass influence York, secretary of the Presby- nothing is more dangerous. Wars terian Board of Foreign Mis- become fatal at the moment and mass movements that the sions, says that if Christianity when people believe in them; keeps on its present rate it will that is, when they begin to per- claims of Christ have to be become the world's majority re- suade themselves that war is in- -Far Horizons. ligion within fifty years. This evitable. There is no such thing made." opinion was expressed recently as an inevitable war! There will in an article in the Portland, be no next war if the people do Russian Asks Christian Unity Oregon, Journal. Dr. McAfee not want it." who has given 46 years of his A plea for united, universal life to active Christian service, If "the people" want peace Christianity was given by Serobserved that he had seen the enough to work for it, to take as gius Bulgakoff, dean of the facbottom fall out of things several their slogan, in place of "War is ulty of the Russian Orthodox times before in his long life, and atrocious and futile, but," "War Theological Academy, Paris, at finds nothing in the present is atrocious and futile and-it the New York Cathedral of St. world economic upheaval to wor- shall not be!"-then we may see John the Divine, Sunday, Octory him in so far as the Christian fulfilled the prophecy, "From ber 7. religion is concerned. He is now on, war by governments equally positive that the Church shall be changed to peace by "Both spirits, that of the Tower of must supply the leadership in peoples." -World Outlook. Babel and that of Pentecost, have this time of need. He is confi- influenced the life of the Church durdent that: "We have reached Handicaps to Study ing her history," Fr. Bulgakoff dethe day when we are going to clared, "but the prevailing spirit have to have a better spirit in Dr. Visser 't Hooft, Secretary until now has been the schismatic the world, because we are living of the World's Student Chris- one. Fortunately, we are now able closer together than ever before. tian Federation, in a recent to notice a remarkable change. A We must learn how to live to- speech in England mentioned an new message sounds through the gether and the Christian Church Indian professor who said that world, a new spirit is breathing, the is the one institution able to give twenty-five per cent of his stu- spirit of Pentecost, the message of this message and program to the dents were in prison, twenty-five universal Christianity. world." per cent were engaged in politi- cal propaganda, twenty-five per This ecumenic spirit is now awak- Promoting Peace cent were spying on the others, ened as a first realization of the and the rest were doing a little Church's catholicity in our days. In- studying. He referred also to a stead of mutual exclusiveness and thousand Shanghai students haughtiness there comes a desire for mutual acquaintance and understand- ing in the spirit of peace and love. This change has already begun, as the representatives of many different confessions meet now with one an- other without feeling their own orth- odoxy endangered.

Fr. Bulgakoff pointed to two Dr. Mary E. Woolley tells us who asked for a special train to causes of separation between what we can do to promote Nanking in order that they Christian bodies-differences in peace. 1. Assure the President might express to the President creed which should not be evaded that you will support in every their views on the Manchurian in the effort for reunion, and difpossible way a program for situation. Their request re- ferences caused by provincialism "practical pea c e, permanent fused, they sat down in a body and narrow-mindedness which peace, real peace throughout the on the tracks so that no train should easily be overcome. -The Living Church. world." 2. Do not hide your light was able to enter or leave the under a bushel as far as your station. They got their train! EfTective Preparation senators and representatives are In Nanking they stood in a concerned. Rather, set it upon a freezing temperature before the In Basil Matthew's biography hill-that they may not fail to palace for forty-eight hours of John R. Mott, he gives the see where their constituencies until a deputation was received notes made for Dr. Mott's per- stand on this momentous ques- and promises of action given sonal guidance in preparation tion of international cooperation, them. for conferences.

versus national isolation. 3. Do Dr. 't Hooft, continuing his Personal: not join the "defeatist group." address, said: "The European Keep the Morning Watch.

[37 ]

Spend eight hours in bed; also The Elyria League has already of New York City by the Times take nap in afternoon. undertaken a specific work-the Square Mission. The record for support of a native evangelist in September indicated that more Take drive each afternoon. India. The Women's Missionary than 23,000 attended the open- Take time for preparation before Society has also taken on new air meetings. This only included all public work. life as a result. persons who stayed as long as Plan each day. twenty minutes. Many raised Before each address and confer- A College Student Church their hands for prayer and many ence remind oneself of the need of remained for interviews. Forty the Holy Spirit and definitely claim Last October Dr. Hutchison, thousand tracts and Gospels His help for the work at hand. President of Washington and were distributed, and 95 hours Be mindful of the things of others Jefferson College, Pennsylvania, were filled during the month -especially associates. presented to presbytery the with these outdoor meetings on Avoid: church letters of 44 students, one of the busiest corners of Sins of the tongue. with a request that these men be Broadway. The mechanical versus sense of vo- made the nucleus of a fully accation. credited Presbyterian Church on The Cost of Crime Content with small results versus the college campus. Dr. Hutchivery great, i. e. real spiritual results. son explained that none of the Not every one knows that Expect large results: present methods of providing re- Remember that there has been an ligion for students has proved crime costs us 25 % of the naadequate cause from which great re- successful, because the students sults may be expected, namely, the have had no responsibility for tion's income. Here are some long preparation, the self-denial, the the form or expression of their figures that came recently from prayers of many all over the world, religion. Under this new plan a Senator Copeland: the working of the Living, Almighty church will be organized entirely God. of students. Not even professors Losses through frauds. $1,270,000,000 of the college may belong. Elders Property losses and eco- "Spirit of Missions" will be ordained, all other church offices will be filled by students. nomic value of 12,500 Centenary The pastor will be Rev. Cameron m u r d e r s (annual Ralston, director of religious ac- toll) ………….. $1,160,000,000 At the end of 1934 The Spirit tivities for the college. Law Enforcement …. $4,000,000,000 of Missions begins its one hun- Waste involved in dealdredth year of continuous serv- Signs of Church Life ing with crime …. $6,503,000,000 ice. One can read in almost any In the first three months of The Protestant Episcopal paper that the Church is about 1934, four-fifths of all those ar- Church's only official periodical to die, but Dr. Herman Weber, rested were under 30 years of is entering its second century editor of the Year Book of age and many were only 19. Of with confidence and enthusiasm. American Churches has a differ- 12,000 murders during the last It will continue to depict the ent opinion. He says: few years, 4,000 were caught mission fields in America and and sentenced; only 153 paid the her possessions, afar in the Ori- More than 30,000,000 Americans, extreme penalty. It seems that ent, in Africa, in India. More attend services in Protestant and one may murder with a 3 to 1 than 4,000 missionary workers Catholic churches, and Jewish syna- chance of not being punished at have spoken through its pages. gogues every week. The churches all, or a 1 to 80 chance of paying are gaining members at the rate of the death penalty-a little less -Circular. 750,000 a year. Church buildings risky than going swimming! have increased sevenfold in number NORTH AMERICA in the last 75 years. The last census Hartford Mission Fellowship showed 232,154 houses of worship in A Men's Missionary League the country, and the church debts What do the young people of amount to only 11 per cent of the this decade think of foreign mis- A "Men's Missionary League" value of church property." We are sions? Are they responsive to has come into being in the First also told by Dr. Kieffer, president of the world's need of Christ? A United Presbyterian Church of the Association of Statisticians of group representing six denomi- Elyria, Ohio. The League began American Religious Bodies, that ap- nations has been formed in the with 16 men, including the pas- proximately one half of the popula- Hartford Seminary Foundation. tor, Rev. George A. Brown, on tion of the United States is definitely Twelve mission boards were con- October 20, 1933. The present related to some church. While the sulted, and the outcome was the membership is 37. After a full population of the country increased appointment of a Committee of year of experience the men and 22 fold between 1800 and 1934, church Nine to guide the training and their pastor, have a deep con- membership in the same period -in- activities of the group. This viction that they should give creased 80 fold. Hartford Mission Fellowship their testimony to the Church. has presented its message at A leaflet entitled "An Adventure -Presbyterian Banner. twelve student conferences and in Masculine Missions" has been several churches, and it is hoped sent out to leading men through- Times Square Mission to continue to reach colleges and out the denomination. The leaf- preparatory schools as far as let contains the Constitution and A notable piece of evangelistic possible. By-Laws, and, condensed, a ser- work is being done in the heart mon preached by the pastor on Men and Missions Sunday, "Missions-A Man's Job."

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

The group is seeking to go as 3. To stimulate older Christians in courses offered are training prayer and service. graduates to meet these needs. a unit, without stated salaries, 4. To instruct Christian workers to A religious education club, orand take up work in some unoc- ganized by students, is studying cupied mission field like Tibet, make their ministry more effectual. 5. To combat the error and evil problems of rural churches, con- centrating on methods, materi- Mongolia, India, Africa, Japan and deliver those who are being en- als, organization and equipment or China. Recently the group snared. for all ages which can be used has decided to concentrate its study on China and surrounding 6. To provide worth-while employ- ment for those who wish to serve Christ. 7. To furnish Gospel sermons and successfully. territories. Bible teaching to those communities which do not have a resident minister. The Farm School, N. C., has a New England's Student Gospel Team, numbering 35, Movement Nearly 400 different titles, with a waiting list. The team covering a wide range of sub- visits mountain communities On October 19, 20 and 21 students from all over New Eng- jects, are published today, and within a radius of 125 miles but land gathered at Northfield to 57,692,350 books, booklets and has concentrated in four near-by form a new united Student tracts have been distributed. settlements as an entering wedge for an intensive study to see Christian Movement, made up of representatives from 41 colleges, A Notable Work whether Farm school can put on an all around extension program and including both adults and Many useful organizations are there. Agricultural aid, health students from Y. M. C. A., Y. almost unknown and receive lit- work and recreational leader- W. C. A., S. V. M., and church tle recognition. A century ago ship, in addition to religious acyoung peoples' societies. the "Female Moral Reform So- tivities are possibilities under The"Aim and Purpose" are as ciety"-later the "American Fe- consideration. follows: male Guardian Society" was -Presbyterian Banner.

The Student Christian Movement founded in New York by a group Methodists Celebrate is a fellowship of students, men and women, who are challenged by the of women, who after years of More than 1,200 delegates replife and teachings of Jesus to seek enduring ridicule, secured legis- resenting the various branches for themselves the sources of His lation to punish abduction, and of Methodism and coming from power and to manifest, in all the re- by other laws to protect young all parts of the United States, lationships of their lives, His rever- boys and girls. The society later ence for personality and truth. started nine industrial schools Canada England and Australia A committee of 22 adults and for poor children, and initiated gathered recently in Baltimore 30 students was appointed to fresh air work. It provided a for the principal celebration of carry out the purposes of the sewing machine fund, which admovement. One of the aims is vanced money to poor women so the sesquicentennial of Amerito merge activities of church that they might pay for them in can Methodism. Practically groups, the Y. M. C. A., the Y. installments, and pioneered oth- everyone of importance in Meth- W. C. A., and the Student Volun- er forms of relief. Its various odism was present, as well as teer Movement in New England. orphan homes are doing effective various leaders in other denom- A similar movement was organ- work and 37,000 children have inations. An oratorio, "The gone through its institutions. At Evangel of the New World," and ized in the Middle Atlantic re- a pageant, "The Spreading gion last summer, and a national least one well known Presbytericommittee is studying the possi- an minister and editor, John Flame," were presented. bilities of cooperation through- Bancroft Devins, was brought up in a home of the Society and An interesting historical sumout the nation. the manager of the Tribune mary of the beginnings of. Meth- odism in this country was Issued, Forty Years Colportage Work Fresh Air Fund. with a message especially pre- -So S. Times. pared for the book by E. Stanley The Bible Institute Colportage Studying Mountain Needs Jones. Society of Chicago, founded by -The Christian Century.

D. L. Moody, celebrated its 40th At the Asheville, N. C., Nor- Lutheran Anniversary anniversary on November 15. mal and Teachers' College the This agency was started for the junior class is studying a typical Observing the 200th anniverpurpose of publishing and dis- sary of the landing of the Luseminating, evangelical books mountain community, to discov- therans in America at Savannah, er the number of regular church Ga., and also the 400th anniverand booklets, Scripture portions, attendants, standards and re- sary of Martin Luther's tran!'la- sources of religious, sodal and tion of the Bible, the Umted and Gospel tracts. economic life, number and type Lutheran Church in America The Association has kept sev- of schools, distribution of wealth en objectives in mind: 1. The salvation of lost souls who as shown by types of homes, and held its biennial session in Saotherwise might never be reached vannah early in November. The with the Gospel. manner of living. The students convention moved to bring about then turn to the school's curric- a union of all Lutheran bodies in 2. To establish young Christians in ulum to see how concretely the the faith and to develop fruitful lives.

America and created a commit- ard of the Indian Bureau, fed- After Sixteen Years ~ee to work out a plan for mergmg. eral policy toward the aboriginal "Mission Folks and Facts," a leaflet on Baptist home mission There are seventeen branches Americans was such that more work, says: In 1918 the Baptist of Lutheranism in the United Home Mission Society sent out States and Canada. Replies to a than 50 per cent of them "ceased its first missionary to Nicaragua. questionnaire sen t to every Beginning with a small group of clergyman of all these branches to be Indians and failed to be- less than fifty believers, he built up a Sunday school, trained show that 89 % favor a merger come whites." The Indian's en- teachers, and opened out-sta- tions. At the same time the into one Lutheran Church. If tire life was organized on a woman's society sent out its first this union should take place, it missionary teacher and founded would form a church of 4,381,- group basis. He could not suc- a primary school. The primary 094 members, with 15,469 con- school has developed into an ingregations. The L u the ran cessfully compete in white soci- stitution embracing all grades Church is now the third largest through high school, and now en- Protestant communion in the ety which is based on the indi- rolls over 400 boys and girls. The country, following closely upon church of 400 members has the Methodists and Baptists. vidual. In half Shaepacredn,tutrhy~ grown to be one of the largest according to Mr. in all Latin America, with a Sun- American Lutherans, with day.school of 425 and an evening Lutherans and evangelicals Indians lost 91,000,000 of the audIence of 600. The pastor is a throughout the world, oppose the native Nicaraguan. A Christian efforts of the German reich- 138,000,000 acres of land in the community has grown up, and skirche to force pastors of Ger- ~rained .l~aders in the ministry, man Evangelical Churches to original allotments. A few, the m medicme and teaching have support a political program at been sent out. the expense of their fidelity to Pueblos among them, which conthe historic confessions of the Church. tinued their communal traditions Large Home Mission Field lost little or none. Under the old In a block comprising all of order, the majority of the red Utah, Nevada, Wyoming, Arizona and New Mexico, and part men saw their own culture deof Colorado, Idaho and California, there is but one Protestant generate and were unable to ac- Christian colI e g e-Westminster, in Salt Lake City. quire that of the white man.

Westminister College has a Hence grew the unfair assumpthreefold task: to maintain a high standard of scholarship in tion that they are lazy and a Christian atmosphere; to provide college courses for Protes- worthless. tant young people in the Mormon are~;. and to offer this type of One of the Bureau's innovatrammg to young Mormons. Ten years of enlarging buildings tions is the training of Indian and equipment, followed by five years of depression, have left a teachers to work among their deficit of $75,000, which the management is now seeking to own tribesmen. secure in a three-year campaign. LATIN AMERICA EUROPE New Chance for the Indian Bitterness Toward Religion Salva..tion Army Work The Government is giving up the attempt to make the Indian A law was passed in Mexico On November 1st a great farea white man. Instead, he is be- two years ago forbidding the well was held in Royal Albert ing encouraged in self-govern- teaching of religion in all Hall, London, for General Edment, in his own native arts and schools, and since then there has ward J. and Mrs. Higgins. The is being provided with modern been a gradual increase in the sanitation and the comforts of rigor of enforcement. Control Duke of York, who acted as civilization. of education and the press is an- chairman, said: other government policy. Since 1887, says Ward Shep- The Salvation Army makes a great The present situation is one of bitterness, suspicion and confu- claim upon the regard not only of sion. An amendment to Article III of the Constitution, which members of the Royal Family but on has been passed by congress but not yet submitted to the states, all sincere and thoughtful people …. I requires that all education shall be socialistic, excluding all reli- believe there is today more mutual gious doctrines. Teachers in pri- vate schools must agree with sympathy and understanding, nation- these requirements. Religious all~ and internationally, and the Sal- corporations, ministers of reli- vatIOn Army, among other religious gion, and societies connected di- rectly or indirectly with the and philanthropic bodies, has had a propaganda of a religious creed, are forbidden to take part in pri- full share in bringing that about. mary, secondary or normal schools, or to give them economic Men of many faiths, some of them support. leading representatives of those faiths It is impossible to foresee the -Angli~an, non-conformist, Catholic, full effect of all this on Protes- tant mission work. Jew, Hmdu, Mohammedan-meet in glad accord to show their apprecia- tion of the retiring general, and thus pay ther tribute to the work of the Salvation Army. .

General Higgins reviewed the widespread activities of the a.rmy, which include the opera- tIon of 89 main hospitals, seven for lepers only; 18 separate col- onies for placing poor families on the land; 120 homes for de- tsheertperdovaisnidonoorfp3h4a,n0e0d0,0c0h0ilmderaeln~' in a year for the hungry poor;

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

139 labor bureaus, and 224 Russia; while the American under the Italian law and coop- workshops; work in 172 slum Christian Committee for Ger- erating with the Foreign Mis- areas in the large cities of the man Refugees, which is endeav- sion Board of the Southern world; the preaching of the Gos- oring under the chairmanship of Convention. The new president pel in nearly 17,000 mission Dr. Cadman to aid in caring for of this Italian Convention is Rev. halls, of which over 6,000 are in the non-Jewish refugees from Ignatius Rivera, pastor of the non-Christian countries; and Germany, is finding great diffi- church in Florence, who finished the direction and control of 45 culty in arousing any general his education in Glasgow, Scot- training colleges for officers. land, and is a well trained realization of the situation. It preacher. The Boys' Brigade is said that one in five of these refugees is a Christian. De- – Watchman-Examiner. In 1883, William A. Smith, a scendants of the Huguenots in Sunday-school superintendent of France have shown, perhaps, the Gipsies in Austria Glasgow, was faced with the problem of holding boys past 11 most concern. Jewish generosity There is still in Europe one years of age with two other men, toward Christian refugees has people who know almost nothing 'and 30 boys, he formed the been remarkable. -Advance. of God, and of His salvation "Boys' Brigade," a movement through Jesus Christ. This is which has spread throughout the Jews Turn to Christ the small nation of gipsies, rov- world. Within three years there ing, despised, often persecuted. were 61 companies in and The Maranos of Portugal are Many who formerly lived in the around Glasgow and later the Hungarian territory known as movement reached such propor- Jews who were forced into Ro- Biirgenland, have now* through tions that Mr. Smith gave up his the Treaty of Versailles, been business to devote all his time to man Catholicism by the Inquisi- transferred to Austria. Thou- the Boys' Brigade, until his sands of them are living in death in 1914. In 1909, King tion. They have retained Jewish closed settlements of miserable Edward made him a knight. mud houses. Isolated settle- customs and forms of prayer, ments are also found in Carin- There are now companies of thia and Upper Austria. To the Brigade in Canada, India, and have kept themselves from bring the Gospel to these gipsies Australia, New Zealand, Africa, is a task undertaken by a lay West Indies, Ceylon, Newfound- intermarriage with Catholics. worker, Walter Miiller, a former land, U. S. A., China, Latvia, student at the Bible School for Denmark, and now in Malaya. Orthodox Jews have been at- southeast Europe in St. Andrae, The object is, "The advancement near Villach. He reports: of Christ's Kingdom among boys tempting to win them back to and the promotion of habits of A gipsy invited me to come to his Obedience, Reverence, Disci- Judaism, but they are unwilling house, telling me that the thirty New pline, Self-Respect and all that Testaments I had forwarded to him tends towards a true Christian to return to a Christless syna- had arrived, and that they had been Manliness," and the motto "Sure reading them till 10 p. m. In that and Stedfast." gogue. So a Hebrew Christian room I found thirty gipsies assem- bled, and I was asked to speak of Relief for Evangelical Alliance of Portugal has been Christ. The gipsies sat with crossed legs on the floor listening devoutly Churches formed by a number of Portu- and eagerly, while the audience stead- ily increased. Thus I found that An important meeting of the guese Christians of Hebrew these despised people are open to the Central Bureau for Relief of the Gospel, and it has been. a joy to me Evangelical Churches of Europe, race,-teachers, ministers and to see their eager response to the now identified with the Ameri- message of Salvation. I am finding can Section of the Universal business men, to bring them into many open doors and many new coun- Christian Council, was held re- try places which up till now have cently under the chairmanship evangelical Christianity. On the been visited by no one with the pur- of Dr. William H. Foulkes. pose of circulating the Word of God. Plans were made for continuing badge of the new organization the important services which An Anti-Christmas Campaign this agency has been rendering are the letters XN. In the six- under the leadership of Dr. According to the New York Adolf Keller in Geneva. As teenth century Maranos, when Times, anti-religious efforts have fast as tthe situation improves so slackened and Christian or- in one European country, new signing official documents, were ganizations are so increasing problems arise in one or two their strength in Russia that the others. Many challenging situ- obliged to append these initial executive committee of the ations confront the churches of League of Militant Atheists have letters with their names. They issued a call for a "Christmas campaign" against religion, to stand for Christao Novo ("New begin November 25 and continue two months. The whole Soviet Christians"), in contradistinc- tion to Christao Vetno ("Old Christians," that is, Roman Catholics) . Mr. Pereira, the vice-president of the new Alli- ance says: "we are not ashamed to own that we are New Chris- tians of Jewish descent who have accepted Christ as Lord and Master." -So S. Times.

Italian Baptists There are in Italy about 3,000 Baptists organized into fifty-one churches and sixty out-stations, under the supervision of South- ern Baptists. Now the Italian National Baptist Convention has been organized with a board of directors legally incorporated

network-the Young Communist Mission, gave some pertinent sionary thinks he is sharpening organization, trade unions, agri- facts about that part of Africa his bush knife on the Lord's Day, cultural advisers, village teach- which are perhaps not generally but finds that the little hut is a ers and the movies, radio, press known. The Sudan is almost as Christian prayer house where and clubs is asked to mobilize to large as Europe, with an esti- the Ndali people hold evening push back the rising tide of wor- mated population of 32,000,000. services. Some people are passship. The northern portion is chiefly ing with hymn books and Testa- Mohammedan, the southern ments. Striking the stones was Reports to the central head- mainly pagan. There are over in imitation of church bells. quarters of the militant atheists 600 distinct tribes. For many indicate that there is some rea- hundred years it was closed to Inside the church were several son for the atheist league's dis- evangelism; now it is practical- little seats, consisting of forked quietude. In many villages not ly open throughout. limbs stuck in the ground and only are there no actively pro- supported in the fork a limb on fessing atheists but Communist Twenty-one missions are at which the people could sit. The party members are winking at work, with 180 stations and 672 speaker had a little stand conthe practice of religion or even missionaries, whereas thirty- sisting of a board resting on engaging in it. Most churches three years ago there was but three sticks of wood and behind that have not been turned into one station in occupation. Only it a firm, little bench. The movie theaters, warehouses, or about 50 per cent of the people church measured only six feet demolished, are f r e que n t I y have been reached so far. Some by twelve and the windows were crowded with worshipers. sixty-three languages have been mere openings in the walls. The reduced to writing sufficiently gardener made a short prayer, AFRICA for some portion of Scripture to the people then revently sang a be issued therein. There is no hymn; the gardener read Luke Covering Large Areas overlapping of missionary effort. 14, with much stuttering, giving his own original explanation. Nearly 30 years ago, Lord -The Life of Faith. He said: Cromer, then High Commissioner for Egypt, invited the C. M. S. Leper Work in Nigeria "The banquet which the King to enter the southern Sudan. In Himself cooked, and offers to us, 1905 the first party went in. The work of the Mission to that is the word which we hear Owing to climatic and other dif- Lepers at Garkida is beginning every day." ficulties all but one of that party to solve the tremendous leprosy had to retire, the present arch- problem in Northen Nigeria, Donald Fraser Hospital deacon who is still at work there. where there are at least 3,000 The C. M. S. has sole responsi- cases. There are 500 under August 16 the Donald Fraser bility for a vast area, compris- treatment at the Garkida colony. Hospital was opened at Sibasa. ing many tribes and tongues, Aid from the Nigerian govern- This event marks a further stage and it is in order to occupy the ment is promised in increasing in the development of the mediwhole territory that the eleven measure; gifts from the Ameri- cal mission established at Gooldstations are spaced about 100 can Mission to Lepers are ville in 1930 by the Church of miles apart. At each station ex- matched by the government. It Scotland. The hospital has been cept the newest, Ler, there is a is hoped that this whole area built and equipped from funds native church growing up. At may be rid of leprosy. raised in South Africa, and is Yei, the growth has attained the the first and only hospital in an proportions of a mass movement. -Without the Camp. area with a population of 150,- During the past year, between 000. At present, there are only 2,000 and 4,000 people have as- Small East Africa Church twelve beds, but it is hoped to sembled monthly for special add an additional ward very gatherings for the deepening of From time to time mention is soon. spiritual life. One of the leaders made of very small houses of here is a young chief from Yam- worship in which the spirit of The appreciation of the native bio, who secured leave of absence God is at work, and where men people was shown by the large frbm his small chieftainship for are led to Christ. European mis- numbers who gathered at Gooldtwo years and volunteered for sion journals give a description ville on the day of the official this service. This young church of a small church in East Africa opening. Early in the morning at Yambio contributes toward which shows under what varied the church was filled with those the work in other sections. circumstances the Spirit of God who had come to give thanks to is at work. Moravian Missions God, and to seek His blessing on -C. M. S. Gleaner. gives us the following account: the new hospital.

In the Sudan Missionary Gemuseus, comIng -South African Outlook.' to a congregation in the little vil- At the World's Evangelical Al- lage of Ndali, East Africa, hears Revival in South Africa liance reunion in London last a clear sound. On approaching, October, Mr. Gilbert Dawson, he finds a gardener crouching Under direction of the Move- Secretary of the Sudan United before a little hut, striking one ment for World Evangelization, stone upon another. The mis- Rev. Lionel B. Fletcher, who has

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

been conducting a six months' ing in some weeks more than understood by all he must exevangelistic campaign in South Africa, reports a spiritual awak- 2,000 people in Beirut and neigh- press himself in no less than ening which amounts to a sweeping revival. He was greatly boring parts of Syria. Last four or five languages – Arabic, pleased to find that converts won during his campaign twelve year's eleven graduates are scat- Turkish, Armenian, Kurdish and years ago have made marked progress in the Christian life. tered in Bulgaria, T u r key, Assyrian.

One man had deliberately com- Greece, Syria, Lebanon, Cyprus A pastor-at-Iarge is greatly pacted to sell himself to the devil, and had actually served the and Palestine. Students conduct needed to cover the entire field devil for sixteen years. By what some people would call coinci- a Sunday service each week at until organized churches can be dence, his saintly parents came from a distant part of Africa to Lebanon Hospital for Mental established. attend one of the evangelistic -Syria News Quarterly. meetings, not dreaming that Diseases, attended by all who are their wayward son, for whom they had prayed through the well enough to be there. It is one years, would be there. Their joy was unbounded as they saw this of the things to which patients New Ideas in Sidon son and his wife walk up and testify that God had saved them. look forward, and seems to bring Teaching in Sidon Girls' solace to their troubled minds. School is not in vain. One class -Life of Faith. studying "Home and Commu- -Syria News Quarterly. Opportunity in Near East American Press Centenary nity" was asked to write on the Dr. Charles R. Watson, Pres- topic: "What Have I the Right ident of the American University at Cairo, says that the Last year the American Press to Expect from My Commudegree to which old ideas in the in Beirut celebrated its hun- nity?" Here is a composite of Near East have yielded to sci- dredth anniversary of Arabic eight papers: ence is almost unbelievable. The changes have affected profound- publication in the city of Beirut. "I have a right to expect from my ly intellectual life, social life and The Press is actually 112 years community safety, clean streets, pure even political life. The auto, the movie, travel to Europe and the old, but the first twelve years water, good roads, electric lights, ice modern newspaper have been were spent in Malta and Smyrna. made from pure water, clean markets, factors in widening the horizon Several hundred million pages of of the rising generation. Educa- meat screened from flies, and the tion is advancing by leaps and religious literature have issued examination of milk and meat. bounds. Feminism is another movement of unusual signifi- "I expect the community to collect cance to lands that have hitherto kept women veiled and secluded. from it in half a dozen different garbage, care for sewage, isolate peo- In Egypt, unlike Turkey, the fez languages, and have been scat- ple who have infectious diseases, and is still worn by men and the veil tered all over the Near East and to punish dirty people; to pass laws by women, but many free social to keep the health of the people in relations between the sexes are even in China, India, South good condition, to open schools so that permitted. Africa and the Americas. the people may be educated, to use the Dr. Watson believes that with money I pay in taxes in the right way. this new day that has dawned To help defray expenses, all comes an opportunity for serv- sorts of commercial printing is "I expect the community to drive ing these people such as Chris- turned out. The present equip- out child labor. I also look for a good tianity has never had before. position and respect for women as WESTERN ASIA ment has been running contin- well as for men. These things will uously for 30 years. cost me a great deal, they will cost me Near East School of Theology courage and ability to work, for it is -Caravan Trails. not enough to see and say, and not to A glance at the field work program of the Near East School do anything. They also cost me time, of Theology indicates that its influence is very extensive, reach- Al Jazireh and this time, energy and money I should save by planning everything at Al J azireh is an island-like home. I should follow the laws of the community, pay my taxes on time and portion of Syria, lying between . be a good example." the two rivers of ancient history -the Euphrates and the Tigris. These ideas were put into Its missionary interest centers practice in a preliminary sani- in five villages, each having a tary survey of Sidon community. small, but earnest group of Under impressive police escort Christians. In Haseecha there groups 'of girls inspected the is a church building, and the men's p r is 0 n, the women's twelve Protestant families are prison, the public bath, the anxious for a school. Am- slaughter house, the meat, vege- moudah is a thriving wheat table and milk markets.

market, seemingly oblivious of When the girls were ready to the depression. The town's present their report they invited most distinguished citizen is a the honorary members of their Protestant. Kamishlie has 81 club, a group of Sidon women, Protestant Christians; they have and a representative of the purchased a site for church and Women's Club in Beirut. With- school. Aleppo station is help- in two weeks the Sidon Women's ing to supply a preacher-teacher. Club came into existence, stat- There are about fifty Protestants ing as its purpose: "The Im- in Ain Diwar, the most hetero- provement of Family and Com- geneous group to be encountered munity Life." Three committees anywhere. If one would be have been organized, the prison

committee, health committee and ing its influence felt in India suIts will be made, and plans outa committee to help the poor. also. Under the influence of lined for future work. INDIA some of the Roman Catholic pre- The initial expense is covered Evangelistic Week in Dornakal lates in India branches of this by a gift received through Dr. The Bishop of Dornakal believes that rural India is ready, league have been formed in cities E. Stanley Jones, whose work as never before, to receive the Gospel. Nearly 12,000 baptized like Calcutta, Madras and Bang- with the higher classes in India Christians were voluntary witness bearers during evangelistic alore. A public meeting was makes him appreciate the possiweek last May in Dornakal diocese. During the campaign held· in Madras under the aus- bilities of reaching in this way in the Kistna area nearly 5,000 people definitely decided to be- pices of the Catholic Social Guild large numbers of educated, but come Christians, and 21,000, of whom 12,000 were caste people, to protest against the unwhole- heart-hungry men who have stated that they wanted to know more about Christ. some cinema films shown in that little direct touch with Chris- -C. M. S. Outlook. city. Protestants and some non- tians.

What About Ceylon? Christians took a prominent A changed viewpoint has be- part in this meeting. In India, . Missionary Coordination come rather prevalent in Ceylon, expressed concretely in a book it is very rarely that Catholics Representatives of ten misby an English professor, "A and Protestants cooperate. sions met in Bombay September Buddhist Pilgrimage." The idea is that when a backward people -The Christian Century. 5 to discuss the question of eshave been lifted by a degree of western civilization they should tablishing a joint business office be left to work out their own des- Appeals for the Colleges in Bombay. The views expressed tiny. All religions are good, but for the Singhalese none is better Advisory committees on Chris- indicate that there will be many than Buddhism. tian higher education in India advantages arising from a joint office. The sale of American The C. M. S. has a large share have been set up in Great Britain in upholding a belief in Christ in and in North America, and in drafts will be facilitated and Ceylon, but there are only 30,000 India a Central Board of Chris- other items of business, par- Christians of the Anglican ticularly those that have to do Church in a population of over tian Higher Education has come with transit and shipping, will 5,000,000. The Anglican Church into existence. The object of has been renamed "The Church these bodies is to see that the be handled much easier from a of Ceylon"; it is the first fruits recommendations of the Lindsay central office. There will also be of 100 years' work. In nearly a a considerable saving in office hundred villages schools are Commission are carried out by staff· and equipment when the staffed with Christian teachers· the colleges, and to help the oran urgent need is that of,keeping ganizations connected with these work of ten or more societies can the faith of these teachers at a colleges to give effect to the be carried on through one office. high level, since even they are in It is recognized that at least two danger of succumbing to the recommendations. An appeal missionaries will be required, axiom "Buddhism for Ceylon." for £130,000 for Indian colleges and possibly a third to make At least a third of the 147 teachers are Christians of ten years' was launched last March; and provision for necessary furstanding, or less. However, in the colleges which are run by loughs. There would be one or many villages there is real prog- American missionary societies more permanent office assistants ress, and a steady flow of those have asked the American Ad- in addition. If this experiment who are "added to the faith." visory Committee to appeal for is made and proves successful, it -C. M. S. Outlook. Rs. 1,500,000 for helping the de- is quite possible that other mis- velopment of colleges like For- sions will wish to share in the Legion of Decency advantages of such a joint. office. man College, Lahore; the Chris- The Legion of Decency started tian College, Allahabad; the -The Indian Witness. in America on the initiative of Christian College, Lucknow; the Roman Catholic bishops is mak- American College, Madura; the CHINA Isabella Thoburn College for Women, Lucknow, and the Chris- New Broadcasting Station tian College, Indore. The largest broadcasting sta- Experiment in Press tion in Asia, and the third Evangelism largest in the world, has recently been opened by the Chinese Gov- Newspaper evangelism, al- ernment in Nanking. A circle ready a tested and successful with its wavelength as a radius means of Christian work in and Nanking as the center in- Japan, is being introduced in cludes Irkutsk, Chita, Delhi, Cal- India. Dr. James E. Manry, of cutta, Burma, Sumatra, New Allahabad, writes that during Guinea and the Caroline Islands. the coming winter it is planned Just what are we likely to hear? to insert articles on Christianity The program from 8: 00 a. m.

in a number of the best Indian till 9: 00 p. m. includes the news dailies, both English and ver- (broadcast in Mandarin spoken nacular. After a four-months' with a South China accent), lec- experiment, a check-up on re- tures and musical numbers.

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

Both Ginling College girls glee from the God of its fathers! It is the literature, and forming personal faith of the Pilgrim Fathers that club and the girls of Methodist made America great." contacts with men and women in Hui Wen High School have pro- the towns and villages in their -The. King's Business. districts. -Chinese Recorder. grams. A Professor of Nanking Theological Seminary has spoken A Model Parish Government Aid for Colleges on the topic "Educational Foun- dations of World Peace." At Pastor Tien Li Kung has made There are encouraging signs the invitation of the Chinese Government, messages from sev- his parish a model for the whole of cooperation between Chriseral Christian institutions are country. This out-of-the-way tian conferences and governbeing sent far and wide. church had been going down hill ment schools. A youth workers' -Woman's Missionary Friend. until only five members were conference, for instance, was held on the campus of the pro- Press Literature Prizes left, but Pastor Tien threw his whole energy into his task and vincial college at Wusih. A Two prizes were offered by the preached for 50 nights in the young people's conference in Presbyterian Chi n a Council, with a view to stimulating the street, organized two day schools Honan was held on the campus production of Chinese Christian and four night classes, all taught of a provincial rural normal literature. One prize of $300 by volunteers. In each of these school. Mutual understanding was awarded to the author of the centers he conducts a weekly best original production of preaching service. Difficulties and appreciation was one result. Christian literature in Chinese This is one aspect of the very published during the year 1934. which fill others with consterna- Another prize of $150 was tion only rouse him to action. cordial relations now existing awarded for the most effective between Christian and other intranslation of Christian litera- Pastor Tien's example has pro- stitutions in China. The Univerture into Chinese published dur- voked both the county normal sity of Nanking has during the ing the year 1934. The name school and the higher boarding "Press Literature Prizes" has last year received more than a been given in recognition of the school to zeal for the under- quarter of a million dollars service rendered by the Presby- privileged. For the first tim~ in (silver) from various public orterian Mission Press. their history they are conductmg ganizations, among them the na- tional government. Yenching -Chinese Recorder. classes for those who cannot read or write. Twice recently University, also, received about students from the latter institu- $60,000 (silver) from the minis- tion have paraded the city ex- try of education.

horting the illiterate to enroll in -The Christian Century. night classes. The results have Oriental Views America been commendable. New Mohammedan State -Christian Advocate. Chinese Turkestan is a poten- A distinguished Chi n e s e Friends' Work Strengthened tially rich land commanding the leader, Mr. Leland Wang, of Honkong, who paid a visit to A real strengthening of the trade routes that connect India, America recently, was educated Russia, Mongolia, Tibet and in three Chinese Naval colleges, Friends' forces in China has China. It has a large Chinese and at the time of his conversion Mohammedan population. Genin 1918 held a high position in been made by the return of five the Chinese Navy. Later, he re- eral Ma has now declared the signed his position to devote his missionaries from furlough, and state independent of China and time to evangelism. He has wit- given it the name of Islamistan nessed to his profession in al- the sending of two new ones. most every province of China, (the realm of Islam). Accordand in other lands as well. Re- Friends in England have made ing to reliable private informaturning from his visit to Amer- tion, "no Christian will be tolica, he has made various obser- this possible. In the two la~ge vations: erated in the State of Islamistan, cities of Szechwan, Chungkmg and Christian refugees are be- "We have traveled over eleven thou- ginning to trickle down through sand miles in three months, besides and Chengtu, each with over taking about one hundred meetings in the Northwest frontier into different places. One of my impres- 5s0ha0~0e00wiinthhaboitthaenrts,chFurrchi eesn ds India." There have been murder, sions of America is that there are too in imprisonment and torture in the many automobiles here. It is a nation on wheels." evangelistic and educational ef- small Christian community, and the reports declare that there With keen spiritual insight, forts. At the city of Chungking, will be exile for all survivors. Mr. Wang views America's real need as well as that of the whole Chinese Friends maintain the This son of an English manu- work unassisted. In Central facturer in London, a convert to Mohammedanism has assumed Szechwan, a large district with the title "King of Islamistan."

Tungchwan as its center, Friends are the only Christian represen- tatives. Further south, there has been a successful year in hospital work at Suining; while in the Tungchwan and Suining districts the workers have de- world, when he says: voted much time to what one of Inaccessible Turkestan them terms "old fashioned evan- "How sad it is to see this country, gelical work," h?ldin~ m~eti~gs, About the most inaccessible which puts the inscription 'In God preaching, teachmg, dlstrlbutmg spot in the world is that strip of We Trust' on its dollar, departing

territory stretching along the Pan-Pacific Buddhist has appointed pastor F. L. Ching northern side of Tibet through Conference and his wife to open work in which runs the age-long caravan A Pan-Pacific Buddhist Con- these islands. They are the first route from the Mediterranean ference was held in Kyoto last missionaries to enter this field. to the Pacific. Last year a com- July, attended by nearly 700 del- The prevailing religion among pany of six young men under the the island tribes is a mixture of egates representing Buddhism Mohammedanism and animism. direction of a veteran mission- all over the world. A message -The Evangelical Christian. ary entered the territory via the was sent to the Conference by Gobi Desert on two motor trucks. Mr. Gandhi, from which the fol- Jubilee in Malaysia One of the group writes of the lowing is taken: way this large, unevangelized It is impossible for Hindu India to- Malaya Methodists celebrate district is being reached. this month the fiftieth anniver- day to retrace her steps and go be- sary of the opening of the work On Sundays we hold services in our guest room, singing simple hymns and hind the great reformation that Gau- in Malaysia by William F. Oldgiving out gospel message to those tama effected in Hinduism. By his immense sacrifice, by his great re- who come. Quite a number of men nunciation and by the immaculate ham, now Bishop, who is planand school boys have come to listen, purity of his life he left an indelible ning to be present with Mrs. and a goodly number of people, both impress upon Hinduism, and Hinduold and young, just stroll in to see ism owes an eternal debt of gratitude Oldham. They will be guests of what is going on, attracted usually by to that great teacher. . . . .. Wherever the conference. Miss Sophie the sound of my little organ. We have the Budha went, he was followed by Blackmore, who opened the had many visitors from the various Woman's Foreign Missionary peoples that live here–dhinese, Tun- and surrounded not by non-Hindus gans, Turki, and others – and have but by Hindus who were saturated Society work in 1887, comes had opportunities to talk with them from Australia as guest of the about the things of God. . with the Hindu law. But the Bud- As there are many sick and suffer- dha's teaching, like his heart, was alling people here without proper medical aid, the traveling missionary expanding and all-embracing, and so Woman's Foreign Missionary always carries his medicine case, as it has survived his own body and Society. Bishop Badley will rep- swept across the face Qf the earth. resent the Board of Bishops. well as Bibles, gospels and tracts. Buddha never rejected Hinduism but Thus we have found it helpful to do he broadened its base. He gave it a A pageant entitled "The Morna little dispensary work for two hours new life and a new interpretation. every morning. During the last month Gautama was a Hindu of Hindus. ing Light," prepared by Mrs. E. or so we have seen some three hundred sick people, and have been able -The Christian Century. F. Lee, will be presented in Victo relieve much suffering. We hope toria Hall, Singapore. The hisin this way to show forth something ISLANDS OF THE PACIFIC tory is given in a book entitled Religious Education Library Malaya Rejoices.

-The Christian Advocate.

of the love of God in Christ, and win In response to an appeal made Fijian Friends the confidence of the people. by Secretary Enrique C. Sob- repefia of the Philippine Com- It seems to be characteristic of -Moody Bible Institute the Fijians that when a new Monthly. mittee of Christian Education JAPAN -CHOSEN that the Philippine Islands be thing takes their fancy they put made one of the religious educa- amazing enthusiasm into it. The Professor Becomes Evangelist tion library centers, one hundred observance of Mothers' Day is choice books on religious educa- one instance; children do all the Here is a bit of early Chris- tion have been shipped to Manila work on that day to give their by the World's Sunday School mothers a rest. Sons send gifts, tianity in modern Japan. Mr. Association. These books will Suzuki, formerly teacher of form the nucleus of a circulating and students go home for the Physics in the Imperial Univer- library for use by religious edu- week end. Fijian women have cators in the Philippines and in linked up with the rest of the sity, has taken up a small farm Malaysia. in a mountainous region of world in the celebration of the northwest Japan, and built for Advance in Dutch East Indies Women's World Day of Prayer, himself a home from which, as a West Borneo, South Sumatra and attach tremendous imporbase, he engages in evangelism. and the 200 islands lying be- tance to it. They conduct their tween, a field comprising from He was once an agnostic, but his seven to eight million people, meetings in a fine, devotional contacts with the Omi Mission brought him to Christ. He fin- spirit. -The Missionary Review ished his scientific studies and (Australia). then mastered Greek and Hebrew in order to search the must be classed as unreached Scriptures in the original. Even- territory. These islands are in" WHY DO YOU GO?

tually, he felt called to give his habited by Chinese and Malay- Some go to church just for a walk, whole time to Christian work, speaking people in a proportion Some go there just to laugh and talk, and chose.this remote and unat- of about fifty-fifty. The Chinese Some go there the time to spend, Foreign Missionary U n ion, Some go there to meet a friend, tractive region. He has an as- Some go there for speculation, sembly hall in his own house which has seven Chinese mis- Some go there for observation, where he holds meetings and sionaries working in pioneer Some go there to doze and nod, Sunday school. -So S. Times. areas of the Dutch East Indies, Some–how few-to worship God.

'~I================I'~

1 Our Missionary Bookshelf j Books Briefly Reviewed for the Readers' Information ~,=====–==============~=,~ The Living Religions of the Indian carried on its great work result- able. The pages, too, show an ing from Stanley's call and the enthusiastic admiration for People. By Nicol Macnicol. Pp. beginnings by Hannington and China. The illustrations are Mackay. The book is a careful vivid and most attractively done. 323, 10 shillings, 6 pence. The study of the social and economic No child can read the book with- structure of the Baganda people out coming away with a warm Southern Christian Movement Press, as affected by European in- appreciation of the Chinese and fluences which have pressed in with something of a knowledge London, 1934. upon them. The writer is sym- of the sweep of Chinese history pathetic with the ethical prin- -and it is to be hoped with a The six chapters of this book ciples of Christianity and in the desire to know more. In what main with its social influence. appears to be its primary purwere presented in connection He thinks that missionary effort pose the book has been very suc- "would be infinitely more val- cessful. with the Wilde Lectureship in uable if its emphasis was trans- ferred from its present objects It is, however, easy for the Natural and Comparative Reli- to the advocacy of ethical ideals." To him it is conceivable that specialist to criticize a book of gions at the University of Ox- "ideals of altruism in which the this kind. Obviously it is writ- strength of Christianity has al- ten by one with no particularly ford (1932-34). They deal with ways lain might come to be re- garded as not necessarily insep- expert knowledge of China. The Hinduism, India Islam, J ainism, arable from a code of sexual morality which no European so- literature on which the book is the religions of the Sikhs and the ciety has in fact ever followed." based is good but does not in- clude enough modern works on Parsees, and with Indian Chris- In other words, he thinks that history to incorporate the re- Christian missions should lay sults of the best recent scholartianity. They are a temperate less emphasis on theology and be ship. The author apparently satisfied with their social and knows nothing of the fascinatand restrained study both of the moral influence, with an adapta- ing glimpses which within the tion of moral ideals to the old past two or three decades archrehistorical background and of the African social organization. The ology has given of the begin- evidence is complete that west- nings of Chinese culture, and present situation in the case of ern civilization is going to mod- still narrates simply the time- ify radically the life of the honored story of early monarchs each of the religions of India. African people whether for good who at best are probably only or for evil. The problem for myths. Lao Tzu is spoken of as They represent an attitude of Christian missions is as to how an historical personage, and no much they can contribute to the doubt seems to have troubled the great fairness, not to say of change for good and how little author's mind concerning his au- to the change for evil. thorship of the Tao Te Ching. tenderness, in dealing with the S 0 m e noteworthy characters ROBERT E. SPEER. who might well have been made non-Christian religions of India, very attractive, such as Wang The Pageant of Chine.s,e History. By Mang, Wang An-shih, and Chu but there is no question with Dr. Elizabeth Seeger. Illustrated by Hsi, are not even mentioned. Bernard Watkins. New York, Long- The romanization is frequently Macnicol as to the place of mans, Greene and Company, 1934. Pp. xvii, 386. $3.00. of the type which is not in ac- Christ and no equation of Him cord with the most generally ac- The author has avowedly writ- cepted usage. Moreover, the with any other. Dr. Macnicol is, ten for children, and most de- modern period is dealt with en- lightfully she has done it. The tirely too sketchily to introduce of course, thoroughly equipped style is vivid and eminently read- even children in any adequate fashion to the stirring events of with knowledge and understand- ing for his task and this is a good book like others which he has written. There is a slight slip in the footnote on page 160 in placing Kerbela in Persia in- stead of in Iraq. R. E. S.

An African People in the Twentieth Century. By L. P. Mair. Pp. 300, 12s., 6d. George Routledge & Sons, London. 1934.

This thesis, by a lecturer in Colonial Administration in the London School of Economics, is "A study of the influence of European civilization on the structure of African society and of the practical lessons to be learned in the shaping of colonial policy."

The people studied are the Baganda of East Central Africa -the people among whom the Church Missionary Society has Any of the books noted in these columns will be sent by the REVIEW publishers on receipt of price.

r 47]

the late decades or to an under- A History of Religion. By Herbert observe the distinction between standing of the China of to-day. H. Gowen. 8vo. 698 pp. $3.50. facts and the author's opinions. Nor does the author seem to Morehouse Publishing Co. Mil- Noone can prudently challenge know much about missions; the waukee. 1934. the authority of the professor of only mention of them in the nine- history in Harvard University teenth and twentieth centuries is Dr. Gowen, Professor of Ori- when he makes statements of by way of semi-disparagement. ental Studies in the University fact, but his opinions are in a of Washington, and the author more debatable category. For It is, therefore, a pity that a of several volumes on the sub- example, the fact that Mark bebook which in many ways is ex- ject, writes as an historian lieved that Jesus claimed to be cellent should not before going rather than as a theologian or the Son of Man is coupled with to press have been perused by missionary but his viewpoint is the opinion: "I do not think that experts and so have been able to avowedly Christian. His pur- Jesus can have meant Himself" avoid some of the defects which pose is to trace God's purpose (pp. 42-43). Anyone with the now are obvious. and method of leading men from New Testament in his hands can darkness to light and from judge of that. K. S. LATOURETTE. death to life. The untranslated quotations do not tend to make There is much in the book that A Bosporus Adventure. Istanbul the book suited to popular use. is fine but throughout the Bible (Constantinople) Woman's College, and Jesus (the term Christ is 1871-1924. By Mary Mills Patrick, Dr. Gowen begins with primi- avoided) are discussed from a Stanford University Press, 1934. tive religion, discusses ancient thoroughly rationalistic view- Pp. 284. Price, $2.25. and modern religions, and closes point. He frankly declares: "I with an attempt to look into the do not believe in the existence of Here is the story of a great future. He finds some difficulty any creator, and when I use the adventure in education for the in defining religion; "Man's word God, I mean the totality of womanhood of the Near East by faith in an ideal beyond him- values, not a person or a personal the president emeritus of Istan- self" is too broad a definition being" (p. 85). The reader is bul Woman's College. Dr. Pat- for it would include those who told that "Paul's teaching difrick went to Constantinople as a have no religion. The same ob- fered seriously from the teachteacher in 1875, four years after jection holds with regard to the ing of Jesus" (p. 75), and that the founding of the school. She author's treatment of Judaism the Christianity which will surretired in 1924. During this pe- and other religions, which he de- vive is neither St. Paul's teachriod the college grew from a scribes as "designed to prepare ing about Jesus, nor that of any girl's school of forty pupils to an men's minds for the dawning of one else, not even of Jesus himinstitution with several hundred a new spiritual day." If this self, but that which is freshly students, in modern buildings was the design, all except the evoked in each generation by the and on a campus of seventy Hebrew religion have failed to spirit which animated Jesus and acres. fulfil their purpose. He accepts Paul in theirs." We wonder the historicity of the Old and whether the students who heard The story is told in accordance New Testament but does not these lectures realized that what with the periods of Turkish rule, seem to recognize the Old Testa- they were getting as "modern before and after the Revolution. ment as a special divine revela- scholarship" was simply old in- Conditions under the reaction- tion to prepare the way for fidelity in a new dress. ary Sultan Abdul Hamid and un- Christ. He accepts Christ as dider the new republic are strong- vine Lord and Saviour but does ARTHUR J. BROWN. ly contrasted. The aut h 0 r not pronounce on such matters sketches the dark days of op- as virgin birth, the miracles and Ein Christ auf den Strasen der Welt. pression, the struggle for free- the resurrection. Das Leben des Dr. John R. Mott. dom, and the atmosphere of old By Basil Mathews. Herausgegeben Turkey as the background for The book has an immense von Professor Julius Richter (Berthe new day in modern Turkey, amount of information on the lin). Berlin: 1m Furche-Verlag. which she believes is one of the different r e Ii g ion s and is Price, R. M. 4,80. Pp. 347. most progressive of republics. adapted to discerning students She pays tribute to the noble rather than to the general read- Dr. Mott and his world-wide women who were her colleagues er. There are numerous refer- circle of friends are to be conon the field, and not less those ences to source material. gratulated on t his excellent who contributed of their substance so liberally for the build- translation of his life-story through the indefatigable pen of ing of the College and its endow- Paul, His Heritage and Legacy. By Prof. Julius Richter of Berlin. ment. We are surprised that Kirsopp Lake. The Mary Flexner there is almost no reference to Lectures on the Humanities at Bryn Islam, until recently the state Mawr College. 153 pp. $2.00. Ox- The original work by Ba'sil ford University Press, New York. Mathews was reviewed at length religion of Turkey.

An excellent bibliography, a This is not a biography of in this Magazine. It will suffice list of publications by the Amer- Paul but a general discussion of therefore to note that the trans- ican members of the faculty, and Jewish and Gentile Christianity, lation is unabridged, except for a good index add to the value of with Paul viewed as a "bridge" the omission of the maps and il- the book. S. M. ZWEMER. between them. Readers need to lustrations. S. M. ZWEMER.

and the Cosmos. By Theodore Missionary Facts from W orId Fields. Apolo, the Apostle to the

Graebner. pp. 352. $3.00. Wil- 18 pp. 15 cents. Baptist Board of Wm. J. W. Roome. 95 pp. 1s. liam B. Erdman Pub. Co., Grand Education. New York. Marshall, Morgan & Scott. London. Rapids, Michigan. 1934. The Omi Brotherhood in Japan. Wm. Church and State in Latin America: This author, a professor of Merrell Vories. Illus. 180 pp. A History of Politico-Ecclesiastical $1.00. Omi Brotherhood. Omi- Relations. J. Lloyd Mecham. 550 plIilosophy in the Concordia Hachiman, Japan. pp. $4.50. University Press. Chapel Hill, N. C. Theological Seminary in St. The Responsibility of Success. W. Wilson Cash. 92 pp. 1s. C. M. S. Shintoism: The Indigenous Religion Louis, calls his book "a critical London. of Japan. A. C. Underwood. 126 pp. 2s. 6d. Epworth Press. Lonanalysis of atheism." This is a The Re-Discovery of the Spirit. Wm. don. Owen Carver. 160 pp. $1.50. Retrue characterization. The vol- vell. New York. Zoroastrianism. J. W. Waterhouse. 134 pp. 28. 6d. Epworth Press. ume is a cogent and vigorous Something Happened. Mildred Cable London. and Francesca French. $2.00. 320 and, to the unprepossessed mind, pp. C. I. M. Philadelphia. Jesus Christ and Primitive Need: A Missionary Study in the Chrisa convincing statement of the in- Southern Baptists in the Great Ad- tian Message. C. P. Groves. 260 venture. T. B. Ray. $1.25. 201 pp. pp. 6s. Epworth Press. London. validity of any theory of life and Baptist Sunday School Board. Nashville. Problems of the Pacific, 1933. Prothe world based on materialism, ceedings of the 5th Conference of Stories of Hymns We Love. Cecilia the Institute of Pacific Relations. mechanism or atheism. There is M. Rudin. $1.00. 50 pp. John Edited by Bruno Lasker and W. L. Rudin & Co. Chicago. Holland. 490 pp. $5.00. Universa great wealth of quotation from ity Press. Chicago. Stories of Indian Saints. The Late an immense mass of reading and Justin E. Abbott. Rs. 3. 500 pp. Personal Items United Theological College of Westthe material is presented so ern India. Poona, India. (Concluded from page 1.) clearly and simply that any Peace by Revolution: An Interpreta- in January to conduct meetings under tion of Mexico. Frank Tannen- the auspices of the Inter-Varsity Stuthoughtful person can follow the baum. Illus. 317 pp. $3.50. Co- dent Christian Fellowship. lumbia University Press. New argument. There are some ty- York. *** pographical errors which should Sixty Years of Service on Behalf of Dr. Ju Sam Ryang, general super- Lepers and Their Children. 94 pp. intendent of the Korea Methodist be corrected in another edition. Mission to Lepers. London. Church since 1930, has been reelected for a second term of four years. Dr. It would be well if the authori- A History of the Church in Vene- Ryang is a graduate of Vanderbilt zuela-1810-1930. Mary Watters. and Yale Universities. ties quoted were more fully 260 pp. $3.00. University Press. Chapel Hill, N. C. *** dated as some of them also are Rebel Destiny: Among the Bush Ne- Rev. John W. Nichols, D.D., was perhaps outdistanced and sev- groes of Dutch Guiana. Melville J. consecrated Suffragan Bishop of and Frances S. Herskovitz. Illus. Shanghai, November 1st. eral authorities still living are 366 pp. $3.00. McGraw-Hill. New York and London. •*• quoted in terms to which they Malekula: A Vanishing People in Sir Wilfred Grenfell, who is nearmight justly take exception. But the New Hebrides. A. Bernard ing three score years and ten, plans to Deacon. Illus. 789. 42s. Rout- retire from active work in Labrador no such mass of material as this ledge. London. and Newfoundland but will continue to promote the work for people to could be assembled without some The World Wide Church-1934-5. whom he has devoted his life by help- 130 pp. 1s. Church House, Press ing promote the work of the Internaqualification, and the book can and Publications Boards. London. tional Grenfell Association. He has 1934. been for more than forty years a big be heartily recommended as a Christian brother to the people of The Case for Missions in Modern Labrador and the Newfoundland coast. straight out, plain spoken, well India. E. C. Dewick. 25 pp. 3 as. Palghat Mission. Palghat, South informed statement of a positive India.

Christian view of God and the Africa and the Making of Books: Being a Survey of Africa's Need of world. R. E. S. Literature. Margaret Wrong. 56 pp. 6d. International Committee New Books on Christian Literature for Africa. Obituary Notes Donald Fraser of Livingstonia. By China's First Preacher, Liang A-Fa, (Concluded from 2d cover.) Agnes R. Fraser. 7s. 6d. Hodder 1789-1855. G. H. McNeur. Illus. & Stoughton. London. 128 pp. Mex. $1.50. Kwang Hsueh The Archbishop of Rupert's Land, Pub. House. Shanghai. Jesus Christ and Primitive Need. By Rt. Rev. I. O. Stringer, D.D., died Charles Pelham Groves. 6s. Ep- Builders of the Indian Church. worth Press. London. Stephen Neill. 159 pp. 3s. 6d. suddenly in Winnipeg, Manitoba, on Hodder & Stoughton. London. Das Buch Der Deutschen Weltmis- his way to take part in a parish meet- sionen. Julius Richter. Illus. 332 Sadhu Sundar Singh: A Personal Mem- pp. Leopold Klotz. Gotha. oir. C. F. Andrews. 256 pp. 3s. ing. Since 1892, Bishop Stringer had 6d. Hodder & Stoughton. London. China's Problems and Their Solution. ministered to dwellers in the Arctic Wang Ching Wei. $2.50. China Aggrey the African Teacher. Wm. J. United Press. Shanghai. W. Roome. 94 pp. 1s. Marshall, wastes. *• * Morgan & Scott. London. Christianity Tested. Oscar Macmil- Dr. Marcus C. Mason, a retired lan Buck. 255 pp. $2. Abingdon Press. New York. pioneer missionary to Assam, died in The Daughter of Abd Salam. Flor- East Aurora, N. Y., October 15, 1934. ence Mary Fitch. Reprint. Illus. For fifty years he worked among the 75 pp. $1.50. Bruce Humphries. Boston. savage tribes of the Garo Hills. His Ein Christ Auf Den Strassen Der first task was to reduce the Garo lan- Welt-Dr. John R. Mott. Basil Matthews. 348 pp. Rm. 4.80. guage to writing, and it is due to him Furche-Verlag. Berlin. and to Dr. E. G. Phillips that the The Faiths of Mankind. William Pa- Garos have the Bible in their own ton. Second Edition. 156 pp. 2s. 6d. S. C. M. P. London. vernacular. THE MOSLEM WORLD SAMUEL M. ZWEMER, Editor SOME ARTICLES IN THE JANUARY NUMBER: Unitarianism and the Gospel …………………………… Archbishop of York The Study of the Koran Text ……….•……………………… Arthur Jeffery Does the Bible Speak of Mohammed? ………………………. James Robson A Baha'i Pontiff in the Making ………………..•………… Albert E. Suthers AI Madina: Arabic or Aramaic ….•…….•…..•………….. Eric F. F. Bishop Moslems in the United States ……••.•….••..••…………•… G. H. Bousquet Christianity and Islam in Lanao ……..•..•.•.•…………….. Frank C. Laubach To Whom Will Ye Liken God? ……………………….. Laurence E. Browne A Moslem Shrine in Buda . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . " …….. Ladislaus Draskoay The Moslem Doctrine of Revelation ……………………………"Orientalist"

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Price In Gr••1Brlllln, EIShl Shllllns•• Yell, nel ~njov qoo~ Rea~in9 ~()e'tv ?nonth Readers of all denominations, in all lands, see the making of history through the eyes of missionaries and world leaders who write for:: niE MISSIONARY ~RID DO NOT MISS THESE COMING ARTICLES: Idols Falling in China .. " ……………………..James P. Leynse A Robber's Church in India …………………….H. R. Coventry Visiting Lepers with a Chinese Doctor ………………Lady Hosie Among the Italians in America ………………….. A DiDomenica An Unrivalled Missionary Opportunity ……….. J. Campbell White Present Day Problems and Encouragements .;. ~ . . . . . . . . . .. Editorial The Evangelization of Brazil …………………John C. Granberry Pioneering in Madagascar ………………………W. Kenall Gale The Success of Missionary Children ……….Ellsworth Huntington $2.50 a Year SEND YOUR SUBSCRIPTION TODAY 25 Cents a Copy THE MISSIONARY REVIEW PUBLISHING CO., Inc.

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The Missionary Review of the World — December 1934

1934

Ancient Persia Goes Modern H. A. Lichtwardt Present-Day Shinto in Japan Albertus Pieters Present Value of Medical Missions Nathaniel Bercovitz Evangelization … in This Generation Kenneth Scott Latourette The Second Coming of Christ Henry W. Frost Go, Preach the Good News James H. Nicol

to Remember ABSOLUTELY FREE!

December 4-7-Federal Council of A CHRISTMAS GIFT EVERY MONTH FOR YOURSELF the Churches of Christ in America, AND A WORTHWHILE GIFT TO A FRIEND Biennial Meeting, Dayton, Ohio. God so loved the world that He gave His Son December 9-Universal Bible Sunday. Christ so loved mankind that He gave His life January 6-12-Universal Week of Millions of men and women have never even heard of this gift Prayer. of love. As a result they have not the benefits of this gift. What are you doing to make God's gift known? January 22 – February 16 – Cornell School for Missionaries, Cornell, Scripture Text Calendar, 1935 THE MISSIONARY N.Y. ~~W>RID FLORIDA CHAIN OF MISSIONARY Size of Calendar, 9% xl6 inches Makes known, month by ASSEMBLIES month, the need of men. FEATURES-This nationally ad- January 26-30-0rlando. vertised Messenger Scripture Text Cal- It describes January 27-30-Deland. endar has thirteen full-color copies of The wonderful work of God in January 30-February 1-Palm Beaches religious paintings of suitable size for February 2-7-Miami. framing. Brief stories of the, pictures. all parts of the world. February 7-8-Bradenton. Daily Scripture quotations. Schedule Carried on by all evangelical February 7-8-Fort Myers. showing how to read the Bible through February 9-15-St. Petersburg. in a year. Golden Texts for Interna- agencies. February 10-13—Clearwater. tional Sunday School lessons. Flower The spread of the Gospel in all February 13-1S-Tampa. and birthstone of each month. Pre- February 17-19-Lakeland. ceding and following month on each lands. February 17-19-Winter Haven. page. Phases of the moon, tides, holi- The transformation of men in February 19-21-Gainesville. days, etc. Value, 30 cents each. February 23-26—Jacksonville. all lands. The modern Miracles of Mis- To Rid Ohina of Leprosy SIons. Rev. T. C. Wu, M.A., B.D., the general secretary of the Chinese Mission Why not send THE REVIEW to Lepers, reports that he has found to your Friends-to some pas- Kwantung and Fukien Provinces to tor, missionary, parent, teacher? be most heavily infected with leprosy; It will bring the Christ Message Yunnan, Kwangsi and Kweichow are every month. This message second; Anwhei, Hupeh, Hunan and brings joy-peace-life. Kiansi third; Shantung fourth; Kiangsu and Chekiang fifth; and Shensi, Will you give as God has Kansu, and Manchuria with lesser given to you-FREELY? numbers. The total of China's lepers is estimated to be at least half a mil- CHRISTMAS CARD BOX ASSORTMENT lion. This gift box contains sixteen beautiful cards Mr. Wu's tours throughout China and folders, each with a Christmas sentiment, have resulted in the formation of engraved Bible text and an envelope to match. many local auxiliaries, and in the Every Scripture text card you mail will bear a establishment of leper hospitals at Christian greeting. The quality and variety of strategic centers. One of these, the both message and design found in our cards are Nanchang Leprosarium, was the first most attractive. They are produced by one of to be built solely through the efforts the finest art lithograph houses in America. of the Chinese. A campaign has been Value, 50 cents. conducted, under Mr. Wu's leadership, to have leprosy prevention informa- NOTIFICATION CARD tion presented to the public through posters, pamphlets, and text books. If desired, with every Christmas gift subscrip- The Nationalist Government was led tion we will send free one of our beautiful notification cards, size 5!4 x3!4 to enact suitable leprosy legislation inches, in colors. and to include "ridding China of leprosy" in its public health program. With every SUbscription we offer to send you FREE either The first National Leprosy Conference a box of assorted Christmas cards or two Scripture Text ever held in China was another proj- Calendars. ect of the Chinese Mission to Lepers whose latest step has been the spon- Send in your list of Christmas gift subscriptions today. We will send THE soring of a campaign to build a model MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD and Notification Card in time to National Leprosarium in Shanghai, reach their destination for Christmas, and your premium selection to you promptly. as a treatment center for Shanghai's estimated 2,000 lepers and as a dem- Subscription price, United States and Canada, $2.50; foreign countries, $J. onstration center' for the training of nurses and doctors in the care of Subscription Department leprosy. MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD Mr. Wu was educated at Shanghai Baptist College, and has also studied Third and Reily Streets, Harrisburg, Pa. in America at Rochester Theological Seminary, at Columbia University and THIS OFFER IS ONLY GOOD UNTIL DECEMBER 25, 1934 Chicago. Returning to China in 1919, he' founded and became pastor of the • North Shanghai Baptist Church, resigning this post to assist in organizing the movement which has given China a place of leadership and influence among the nations seeking to banish leprosy from the world.

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REVIEW OF THE WORLD Dr. William B. Millar, former gen- • DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Editor eral secretary of the New York Fed- eration of Churches, has been made with SPEED VOL. LVII DEC. 1934 No. 12 secretary of the Motion Picture Foun- COMFORT dation of the United States, recently ECONOMY Publication and Business Omce organized. The Foundation will com- Third a.nd Reily Sts., Harrisburg, Pa. bat undesirable motion pictures by EmpresJ ofJapan . .. queen of the Pacifi~ supporting or actually subsidizing GO DIRECT … reach Yokohama in Editorial and Executive Omee good pictures, giving financial aid to 10 days on the fast sister-ships, 156 Fifth Avenue, New York City independent producers of motion pic- Empress ofRflSjia and Empress ofAsia Entered as second-olass matter at tures who show a high moral tone. … the Pacific's shortest, fastest Post Omee, Ha.rrlsburg, Pa., under Act crossing. of March 3, 1879. *** OR VIA HONOLULU •.• the Empress oj 25 cents a copy-$2.50 a year. Japan (fastest liner on the Pacific) Foreign Postage, 50 cents a year. Rev. Ren Da Ling, graduate of the and Empress ofCanada reach Hono- Published monthly, except August. Baptist Seminary, University of lulu in 5 days, Yokohamainjust8 All rights reserved. Copyrighted 1934. Shanghai, is the first pioneer mission- days more. ary to enter the land of Mongolia un- REDUCED ROUND -TRIP FARES ••• MISSIONARY REVIEW PUB- der support of the Chinese Home Orient fares include passage from LISHING CO., INC. Missionary Society. He is supported Seattle. Luxurious First, excellent entirely by Chinese Christians. Tourist, low-priced Third Class. BOARD OF DIRECTORS FREQUENT SAILINGS ••• from Van· RoBERT E. SPEER, President *** couver (trains to ship-side) and WM. 1. CHAMBERLAIN, Vloe-Presldent Victoria. Orient ports-of-calI: WALTER McDOUGALL, Treasurer Dr. John W. Bradbury has resigned Yokohama, Kobe, Nagasaki, DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Seoretary his pastorate of the Wadsworth Ave- Shanghai, Hong Kong, Manila. SAMUEL MCCREA CAVERT nue Baptist Church, New York City, Booklets, information . .. from your MR8. ORRIN R. JUDD to join the editorial staff of the own travel agent or any Canadian WM. B. LIPPHARD Watchman-Examiner. Dr. Bradbury Pacific office in N ewYork, Boston, ERIC M. NORTH is widely known through his writing Chicago, St. Louis, San Francisco, MILTON T. STAUFFER and preaching. Montreal, Toronto, Vancouver, A. L. WARN8HUIS Winnipeg, and many other cities SAMUEL M. ZWEMER *** in United States and Canada.

Editorial Chat The Rev. Harold H. Kelley, of Los Angeles, has been appointed superin- The Editor and the Directors of tendent of the Seamen's Church In- THE REVIEW heartily wish our read- stitute of New York. He succeeds the ers, and missionary-minded Christians late Rev. A. R. Mansfield. everywhere, a most Joyous Christmas and blessed. New Year. The only *** reason for the existence of THE RE- VIEW is the great Advent that we com- The Rt. Rev. Derwyn T. Owen, memorate at Christmas time. Christ D.D., Bishop of Toronto, has been is also the only hope for a truly elected Primate of All Canada, suc~ Happy New Year in any heart and in ceeding the Most Rev. C. L. Worrell, any part of the world. Archbishop of Nova Scotia, who re- cently died in Halifax. *** *** The coming year will be full of problems, and of opportunities, as is Dr. Alexander Hodge, of London, a true of years that are passed. One of these problems you can help solve graduate of Spurgeon College, has if you will take the opportunity to speak a good word for THE REVIEW been installed as pastor of the Baptist and the work for which we live and labor, and will do what you can to Tabernacle, Auckland, New Zealand, increase the number of subscribers. Help us to circulate our special num- where he suceeds the late Rev. Joseph bers and to promote interest in missions by leading others to read THE W. Kemp. He is regarded as one of REVIEW. If what readers say is any criterion, both you and they will be the most promising younger Christian gratified over the result. scholars and evangelical ministers of Here is a quotation from a recent letter: the conservative British Baptists. The Auckland Tabernacle is one of the '.'We are always glad to push the strongest churches in New Zealand sale of the MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD and at our National Con- and has connected with it an excellent vention I shall be glad to have extra Bible Training School for Christian copies and call attention to them by a special poster. We always list the Workers. special numbers in our monthly magazine in connection with Mission *** Study material. We also recommend them in our monthly program. Dr. Robert R. Moton, for nineteen "It is always a pleasure to us to years principal of Tuskegee Institute, forward the interests of the REVIEW, is resigning from that important powhich we feel is indispensable to our sition. Dr. Moton is 68 years of age work." and will retire May 1, 1935. He has MRS WYTHE F. MOREHEAD, Executive Secretary, Literature been called the "Elder Statesman" of 12,000,000 American Negroes. After Committee, Woman's Mission- 25 years at Hampton Institute he was ary Society, The United Lu- theran Church in America, called to succeed Booker T. Washing- Philadelphia. Pa. ton at Tuskegee in 1916.

*** Miss Michi Kawai, author of "Jap- anese Women Speak," is filling speak- ing engagements in the Middle West and in December will be on the Pa- cific Coast. She sails for Japan about Christmas time.

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REVIB ORLD VOLUME LVII AN INTERDENOMINATIONAL REVIEW OF WORLD-WIDE CHRISTIAN PROGRESS NUMBER TWELVE DECEMBER, 1934 Tapies of the Times CHRISTMAS AND THE CHRISTIAN Jesus himself proclaimed that He "came into Can a Christian be uncooperative in Christian the world to save sinners." History makes clear missionary work? That many who profess to be that men of all nations have made shipwreck of Christians are not missionary minded is self-evi- their lives. They have broken God's laws and as dent. They do not even claim to be interested. a result their lives have been destined for the The same anomoly applies to Christmas. Many scrap heap. They are like automobiles that have who celebrate the coming of Christ into the world failed to fulfill the purpose of the Maker so that seem to have no real interest in the work He came they need to be remade-to be saved-if they are to do. They join in the annual celebration but that again to function properly. is all. This is true in lands where Christ is generally know'll and widely acknowledged, as well as All that Jesus did on earth was done for the in nonchristian lands. In India, China and Japan, purpose of "saving the lost"; men who had lost and even among Moslems, one sees Christmas the way in the world; had lost their contact with decorations and festivals and the exchange of God; had lost their power and purpose. To seek· gifts. But the promotion of the Christmas spirit and to save men Jesus Christ came to reveal God is too often for social and commercial reasons and to men-in the fulness of His love and power. is not based on any desire to commemorate the He came to redeem men who were slaves of sin birth of Jesus Christ. Nevertheless the prevailing and under penalty for broken laws. He came to spirit of joy, of unselfish thought of others, and a show what men are intended to be and may bedesire to spread peace and goodwill among men come in the purpose of God. He came to make of all ages and classes and races, is something to clear that life on earth is but thEt threshold of a be fostered and promoted even though it fails to larger life, the school in which to prepare us for express the heart of the Christmas message. "God eternal life with God. is love . . . . . . if we love one another, God dwells in us and His love is perfected in us." Jesus came to bring joy to men, but it is the joy that follows release from bondage, the experience But the meaning of Christmas and the heart of of full fellowship with one another and harmony the Christmas message is not revealed in the spir- with God. Jesus Christ completed His work-the it of friendly joy and good fellowship, nor in the work of revelation and redemption-but He left giving and receiving of presents that bring pleas- His followers to complete the work of making ure to the recipient and profit to the tradesman. known the "Good News" to others. The heart of the Christmas message is the "Good News" that Jesus Christ brought when He came Nineteen hundred years ago He commissioned into the world over nineteen hundred years ago. us to carry the Christmas message, the Gospel, by word and life, into all the world; and yet today at least two-thirds of mankind have no clear knowledge of this Gospel. Too often the deeds of How then can anyone truly celebrate Christmas professing Christians have shouted so loud that and at the same time fail to be vitally interested the world cannot hear what our lips testify of in Christian missions? We enjoy Christmas mu- Christ. While the Christmas spirit of giving and sic; we give Christmas presents; we join in love is expressed by gifts and songs, does ;not the Christmas festivals and listen to Christmas mes- anti-Christmas spirit prevail through the year- sages-but what are we doing to complete the the spirit of selfish getting and indifference to the work which Christ Jesus came to do and which temporal and eternal welfare of our fellowmen He has entrusted to those who believe in Him? and women?

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Christmas celebrations are a mockery unless in these sufferers and to stir up governments to they are dominated by the spirit of Christ. This make adequate provision for them and the study spirit of One who gave Himself is best expressed of their disease; (4) to promote steps to rid the by giving ourselves to His service for the redemp- world of leprosy-by prevention, segregation, the tion of our fellow men, to carry out the purpose proper care and medical treatment of lepers, and and program of Christ. Can anyone be a true through a scientific study of the disease. Christian and be lacking in missionary mindedness? Those who would truly celebrate Christmas The problem is as yet far from solved. Much and show the Christmas spirit will feel no indif- has been learned about leprosy; thousands of sufference to the needs of men and progress of Chris- ferers have been comfortably housed; good food tian missions. "Let this mind be in you which and medical treatment have lessened their sufferwas also in Christ Jesus," who, "being rich, for ing; many have been discharged as cured or the our sakes became poor that we through His pov- disease arrested. Homes for untainted children erty might become rich." of lepers have been founded and the coming gen- eration have thus been saved from contamination. THE MISSION TO LEPERS More than this, healthful occupations, have been provided; hope has been given them and thou- One of the most unique and Christ-like pieces sands, who have come to know Christ as their of mission work in the world is The Mission to Saviour, have experienced the joy of new life in Lepers which celebrated this year its diamond Him. The only happy lepers in the world live in jubilee. It was founded sixty years ago in a draw- these mission homes where the love of Christ preing room near Dublin, Ireland, by Wellesley C. vails. Bailey. Thirty-seven years later the American branch of the Mission was organized and was in- But the vast undone overshadows the work accorporated in 1920 as The American Mission to complished. The American Mission to Lepers is Lepers. Christians have long been interested in carrying a large share of the work-in China, lepers; .for centuries isolated missionaries, like Japan, Korea, Siam, the Philippines, India, Per- Father Damien and Francis of Assisi, have sia, Africa and Latin America. The British Comworked among them here and there, but never, mittee is responsible for the work in India and until Mr. Bailey had it laid upon his heart, was Burma, Palestine and Syria. It is an interdenomany systematic effort made to interest people in inational work in which the Mission builds the the whole world problem, and to minister to their hospitals and supplies funds for running expenses needs wherever these sufferers are found. while the denominational boards support their own missionary workers who superintend the hos- Wellesley Bailey was a missionary in India and pitals. The need is great. was deeply impressed with the sufferings of lepers and their neglected condition. He was convinced The reports given at the recent annual meeting that the love of Christ must constrain His follow- of the American Mission show that this Christers to seek to obey His command: "Cleanse the like work has been wonderfully blessed. Christlepers" both physically and spiritually. mas is a great time for lepers and gifts of extra food and clothing have brought joy to hundreds Sixty years ago there was very little being done under Christian care in all parts of the world. In for the 2,000,000 or more lepers of the world, cleansing the lepers, physically and spiritually, we scattered over Asia, Africa, South America and minister not only to them but to ourselves and to the Islands of the Sea. Today as an outgrowth of Christ.* Mr. Bailey's work there are some 180 leper hospitals and settlements at which lepers are cared A REMARKABLE MASS MOVEMENT for by Protestant mission workers of many denominations in forty-four countries. These mis- Dansk Missionsblad calls attention to a remarksions are helping about 11,000 (not including able movement which suddenly and unexpectedly government institutions) lepers out of the 2,000,- has created problems that may prove to be of far 000 sufferers from this disease in all lands. Mr. reaching importance. Several thousand former Bailey still lives in Great Britain at the age of Roman Catholics of the lower classes have come eighty-eight and has the rare privilege of seeing to ask for reception into the Lutheran Church. the work which he started, under the guidance of God, extending its Christlike ministry in all parts In the Trichinopoly and Tanjore there are large of the world where lepers are found. areas where the Catholic influence is so great that in some places, where there are no evangelical The fourfold purpose of the mission is (1) to Christians at all, there are thousands of Roman minister to the physical needs of lepers; (2) to Catholics. Among them the caste question seems proclaim to them the Gospel of Christ and min- to loom large, the upper classes being privileged, ister to their spiritual life ; (3) to awaken interest • Gifts may be sent to the American Mission to Lepers, Inc., Flem- Ing H. Revell, Treas., 156 Fifth Avenue, New York. Dr. William J. Scheffelin is President and William M. Danner, General Secretary.

TOPICS OF THE TIMES

having beautiful churches and other advantages State interference. The Socialistic state believes setting them above the lower castes. Great oppo- in a totalitarian State with the State dominant sition has made itself felt among the lower castes, and no interference by the Church in politics, edu- especially under the influence of the Self-respect cation or business. Formerly in Roman Catholic Movement which has been stirring up the people and Moslem countries it was a question of liberty with promises of social equality and similar ad- or the dictatorship of the Church; today in many vantages. Under the agitations of agents three lands the conflict is between liberty and State dic- year:s ago many thousands of people left the Ro- tatorship. In Mexico any property used for edu- man Church without seeking affiliation with any cational purposes reverts to the State. It is ru- other. Their hopes were far from being realized mored that all Roman Catholic churches may be and since the Indian soul is essentially religious, closed as a result of the present dispute. Under and these people have lost confidence in the Ro- the Mexican constitution any Mexican receiving man Church they are turning in great numbers to appointment or commission from a foreign power the Lutherans. In a meeting which was said to (and the Pope is such) loses his nationality-and represent 30,000 people, they resolved formally to therefore priests of Rome, engaged in propaganda, turn to the great Tamil Church and the Leipzig are subject to expUlsion.

Mission which stands back of it. We cannot ignore the fact that the .Roman A commission, composed of Missionaries Fryk- Catholic Church, which was dominant in Mexico holm and Wangsjo of the Swedish Mission and for so many years, failed to educate or uplift the Dr. Grafe from the old Leipzig Mission, traveled people economically or socially. After four hun- all over the affected area and their report of the dred years of the monoply of education, 85% of investigations was recently published in Svenska the people were in dire poverty. In the fourteen Kyrkans Missionstidning. The commission was years since the State has taken over responsibility everywhere received in large gatherings and with for education, illiteracy has reduced to 35% and much ceremony. Their Indian speakers expressed economic and social conditions have been greatly their intentions of joining the Lutheran Church improved. The question now is-To what will and assured the commission that the spiritual the people be educated? Will they use their knowl- urge was the most important motive. They em- edge for the benefit of the whole country and will phasized the fact that great difficulties would at- there be liberty to worship God and to teach the tend their return to the Roman Church and that rising generation to know, to worship and to serve they expected no material benefits from joining Him. The Protestants of Mexico do not object to the Lutherans. the State control of education, provided that the While some of the motives do not seem entirely State does not prohibit or limit religious education clear and in several meetings representatives of and the worship of God as He is revealed in Jesus the Self-respect Movement seemed to be among Christ.

the prominent speakers, the commission was per- suaded that the movement deserves earnest con- PROTESTANT EPISCOPAL PROGRESS sideration.-C. Theodore Benze. This body of evangelical Christians, that has CHURCH AND STATE IN MEXICO recently held its General Convention in Atlantic City (October 10 to 20), voted to retain the name Now the Chamber of Deputies, the lower house Protestant. Thus they continue to link them- of the Mexican Government, has unanimously selves with those who have "protested" against voted to deport all Roman Catholic bishops and the abuses of the Papacy, while they continue also archbishops from Mexico on the ground that they to claim that they have always been truly "Cath- have engaged in subversive propaganda. This ac- olic."

tion is in line with the policy to exclude religious The convention in the great auditorium some- teaching from all schools so that the Government times numbered over 30,000 people including over can have full control of the education of the peo- one hUlidred bishops and a choir of nearly one ple. The archbishops and bishops are fighting thousand voices. The convention was dramatic against communistic or socialistic teaching l;tnd and even sensational at many points. On October thus the Church is considered an enemy of the 14th there was a "youth demonstration" when a State, which is endeavoring to control the press, seemingly endless line of hundreds of young peo- the schools, the industries, and the government. ple from six to sixteen years of age from all over The Roman Catholic Church believes in a union of the land, filed into the hall and listened to a stir- Church and State, with the Church dominant. ring address by Bishop James E. Freeman, of Protestants believe in the separation of Church Washington.

and State with the Church free to promote the re- The formal presentation of the United Thank ligious and spiritual life of the people without Offering, contributed by the women during the

past three years, was taken up by 150 members State, the new Reich Church proposes to provide of the Girls' Friendly Society at the corporate Nazidom with an alliance of Christianity with communion service of the women. The total Nationalism and Socialism on a cooperative basis.

amount of the offering was announced as $807,- This has led to the clash between "German Chris- 747.87. tians" and the conservative Evangelical Chris- At a joint session of bishops and deputies, the tians.

Presiding Bishop emphasized the fact that mis- Roman Catholics have been invited to join the sionary work is the chief business of the church, new Reich Church, but they have refused to let saying: their Church be used to further the ends of the "Weare here as Christian men and women to Nazi State. Some Protestants, on the other hand, perform the chief work which Jesus Christ has have cooperated with the State. The present con- committed to us. The whole membership of the flict is between German Christians who approve, church is embraced in the Domestic and Foreign and those who oppose this surrender.

Missionary Society. Tlle foundation stone of In spite of official optimism, the experiment with faith is loyalty of the individual to His Lord. the Church is not showing signs of a successful "Missionary work is the work of carrying out result. Some think that under the Reichsbishop the mission of our Lord Jesus Christ to the world. the Protestant Churches would eventually become This work is seriously hampered and endangered Free Churches, as in America, while others pre- by lack of support. Vacancies in the field cannot dict a more complete domination of the Church by be filled; volunteers for service must be turned the State. The situation may grow worse before away and work on the mission field must be a final settlement is reached.

closed." Current national problems affect all religious as This is true both at home and abroad. America well as political thinking and give color to the must not be allowed to become pagan. There is idea that "Germany needs her own type of Chris- need for vision, for courage and for self-sacrifice tianity." The widespread enlistment of the youth, in loyalty to Christ. A deficit of $529,804 was the unemployed, and the able-bodied men and reported in the missionary treasury. At the mis- women in the regimented political organizations sionary mass meeting, a young man knelt at the of the Nazi Party tend to popularize the slogan, altar and then made an inspiring appeal for a "One People, One Nation, One Church."

truly sacrificial offering. Only $5,000 had been The enthusiasm that has marked the political received from over 25,000 people. He pleaded that revival under Adolph Hitler was brought into the those who really cared would reach into their church by men who have banded themselves to- pockets and bring a ten-dollar bill or whatever gether and, according to Hitler's wish, called them- they could to the steps of the altar and lay it there selves 'German Christians.''' These men, led by with a prayer for the mission of the church. He Hossenfelder and Ludwig Mueller, a former naval led the way to the steps and, kneeling there alone, chaplain, resolved to reorganize the "church of placed the first offering. There was a breathless the people." From the start there was no clear moment of surprise, and then the Holy Spirit distinction between religion and politics.

moved that great gathering and they began to It is too early to judge the controversy object. come forward-at first by twos and threes, and ively. There will be a fight to the finish unless a then by hundreds and thousands until the mis- great Reformer appears to bring unity out of the sionary bishops had to act as ushers to guide the present division. The press is muzzled and men vast crowds. There were tears in many eyes, as learn little of what is going on; they see effects men and women old and young, bishops, priests without knowing their cause. The bad effects of the and laity, surged forward and placed $7,916 more struggle have cast a blighting shadow on the spiron the altar. itual health of the nation. The removal of 800 * GERMAN PROTESTANTS PROTEST clergy from office by the Reichsbishop belies the claim of liberty of conscience or of speech. The Protestantism in Germany is in a crucial state dissolution of the Protestant youth organizations in a great experiment. The Hitler Government and their merging into the Hitler Youth deprives has attempted to merge Lutheran, Reformed and the Church of its former influence on the younger Prussian Unionist churches into a new National generation. Nazi thought welcomes the help of the German Church. Protestants the world over have Church but does not protect it from the aggressive been anxiously waiting to see what will happen. so-called new heathenism and its unchristian standards of morality. The Aryan paragraph pro- Organized on the same principle of leadership motes racial discrimination and thwarts the uni- -the "Fuehrerprinzip"-that underlies the Nazi versality of the Gospel.

* This account of conditions In Germany Is written by a Lutheran C. THEODORE BACHMANN.

theological student w'ho spent the past summer In Germany.

PERSIAN PULLMAN CARS). ONE ON EACH SIDE OF A CAMEL ACCOMMODATES A WOMAN AND

Ancient Persia Goes Modern By H. A. LICHTWARDT, M.D.

American Hospital, Hamadan, Persia PERSIA, to many people, is just a word that itation, and had some fine sculptors, wonderful brings up visions of camel caravans winding artists and brilliant painters. their way along endless desert trails; of sweet-throated nightingales singing their beauti- Various factors entered into the decadence of ful songs in the deep-scented rose gardens; of this fine old civilization, causing Persia to lose veiled women and bearded men walking through her position of leadership. First there was milinarrow, winding village streets; of the quatrains tary invasion; the Grecian troops under Alexanof Omar Khayum as they have been so admirably der the Great swept from one end of the country translated by Fitzgerald. to another, robbing, pillaging, destroying, burn- ing, as was the custom of invading armies in those But Persia is more than that; Persia is a nation days. Gengis Khan and Tamerlane and their of fifteen million Aryan men and women striving hordes came down from the north, even more deto awaken from a lethargy of many centuries; structive and cruel. Arthur Upham Pope writing struggling to emerge from a political, economic of these latter invasions, says: and religious morass that has engulfed them for This dreadful succession swept over the country like a centuries. The Persians are a very intelligent bloody foam, leaving the fairest cities a wilderness of rub- People, capable and industrious " and are J'ust now throwing aside the heavy blanket of superstition, bish and rotting corpses. Their speed, their fury and their ignorance and illiteracy, and are stepping forth mastery of every branch of warfare, made resistance not into the light of the new day with political free- only futile but impossible. Their mark was a series of massacres and devastations, which not only destroyed dom, religious liberty and economic independence. every kind of public monument with invaluable contents, Persia was once one of the greatest nations of works of art and books, but blotted out whole cities. The destruction of human life was equally appalling; the acthe ancient world. Twenty-five hundred years cumulated knowledge and traditions of ages were obliter- ated. (Pope; Persian Art. Page 31.) ago, that progressive empire, under Cyrus, Darius Famine and flood have also played their part and Xerxes, was the most highly civilized, the through the centuries, as well as earthquake and most modern on earth. Today excavations at Per- epidemic, but in my opinion the most destructive sepolis and Damghan and Rhey are bringing new influence of all has been the invasion of Islam. evidences of the wonderful culture of that period, Forced upon an unwilling people, this philosophy showing us that they were great builders, fine of the prophet Mohammed, distorted at times by architects, had knowledge of engineering and san- his successors, was of a type that did not encour- [551 ]

age education, research or progress of any kind. ing about him men of real ability, his majesty The result was a mental stagnation of brilliant has succeeded in awakening a spirit of construcminds; a pathetic lethargy settled upon a capable tive nationalism such as Persia has never known nation. During these years too Persia was often before. Formerly the government was greatly inunfortunate in her type of leadership; she had fluenced, and at times actually controlled, by the some splendid men, such as Shah Abbas, who was Moslem ecclesiastics, the mullahs, of whom a few contemporary with Queen Elizabeth of England, were capable honest men, but many of whom were selfish, narrow fanatics. This is now changed, ANCIENT GRANDEUR~EXCAVATED RUINS OF PERSIPOLIS and although Persia is still officially a Mohamme- dan country, the mullahs are only the clergy, and and who earnestly tried to improve the condition have no voice in the central government. There of his people. is religious liberty in Persia today, although the government's interpretation of what this means When we went out to Persia in 1919, the coun- is not as broad or liberal as we should like. try was being ruled by a boy-king, Sultan Ahmet Shah, a selfish, sensual lad, surrounded by even Two decades ago, only one boy out of a hundred more selfish advisors. The central government had a chance for education, and only one girl out was weak, taxes were high, education was at a of ten thousand. Education in those days was standstill, industries were most primitive, and most primitive, with the exception of a few govthe lot of the peasant and laboring man was in- ernment schools and some well-organized mission deed difficult. This young Shah had no patriotic schools in the larger cities. Under this new Shah, motives, no desire to improve the condition of his Persia has had an educational awakening and the people, but merely strove to gather riches for him- leaders, at least, are becoming school-conscious. self; spending his life in luxurious indolence The Department of Education has been re-organeither in his capital city, Teheran, or in Paris. ized and the present head of that department is a The most constructive thing he ever did for Per- splendid Persian, a graduate of the American sia was when he finally went to Paris and re- Mission College in Teheran. New schools are bemained there until he died a few years ago, leaving ing opened even in the smaller cities-schools for an estate of several million dollars, squeezed out girls as well as for boys. The mission schools are of starving farmers and poverty-stricken working people. THE GATEIWAY TO TEHERAN–THE CIAPITAL CITY A new leader, however, was being developed in still maintaining their leadership and are present- Persia. A young man, born of an ordinary family ing a fine program of modern Christian education, in Mazenderan, who as a lad had no opportunity and are reaching hundreds of the finest of the for education, entered the Persian army as a pri- young men and young women of Persia. vate soldier. With no wealth nor influence, but by sheer force of character and ability for leader- In accordance with the government edict severship, he won his way gradually up through the al years ago there are no primary schools con:. ranks, until he became the commander-in-chief of trolled by the missions; however in some centers, all of the troops of Persia. He then became the such as Hamadan, the local Christian group has minister of war, then the prime minister, and assumed charge of the primary school, which is finally in the spring of 1926, he was crowned the real progress. The high schools and colleges in king of kings, the Shah of all Persia. In the eight charge of the missions, in various parts of the years that His Majesty, Riza Khan Pahlevi, has country, are exerting an immeasurable influence in been the ruler of Iran there has been more real progress, more constructive changes in Persia than in the previous eight hundred years.

Inspiring patriotism in his people, and gather-

ANCIENT PERSIA GOES MODERN

PERSIAN DEI.EGA.TES TO A STUDENT CHRISTIAN CONFERENCE, TEHERAN, 1933 Of these delegates, nineteen are from Moslem parentage. Others include Armenians, Assyrians, Jews, Greeks and Americans.

the spread of Christian ideals, as well as in the and textbooks. Post mortem examinations are al- presentation of modern pedagogy. so forbidden, which of course retards medical The new leaders of Persia realize that in addi- progress considerably.

tion to agriculture and the raising of sheep, there Since 1919 we have been working up at Meshed, must be industries developed to take care of the in the northeastern corner of Persia, 100 miles needs of the people; and in the past few years south of the Russian border, and 120 miles west mills have been established that weave a good of the borders of Afghanistan. Our little hospital grade of cloth; other factories make soap, thread, there (The American Christian Hospital) is the shoes, and many other items that formerly had to only one equipped with X-ray and modern surgi- be imported. The government is exerting a wise, cal equipment in that entire province of two mil- paternal control over these various industries to lion people. The Persians however are building avoid duplication and unwise competition. new hospitals gradually, and in Meshed itself, a As a physician, the thing that appalled me most large 300 bed general hospital is in the process of when we first went to Persia, was the great construction. But, even as in America, the physi- amount of disease; sickness, suffering, misery, cians tend to congregate in the larger cities, and death and so little being done to alleviate condi- as one travels through the villages, and up in the tions or improve them. Those who live in Amer- hills, one realizes the tremendous amount of suf- ica, where there are so many fine hospitals, fering and disease. Hundreds throng about the splendid clinics and excellent doctors cannot imag- doctor begging for relief; timid mothers holding ine conditions in a land like Persia with inade- up emaciated babies that have been hopelessly quate medical facilities, and a general lack of blinded by smallpox; young men prematurely knowledge of hygiene, sanitation or even ordinary aged by pulmonary tuberculosis, come in cough- cleanliness. In America today there is one doctor ing, coughing, spitting blood, and ask for medicine for every 780 people; in Persia there is only one to relieve the tightness of their chest: others come well-trained physician to every 100,000 people. holding out crippled hands or feet, covered with The only place in Persia where the young man sores, wounds, ulcers, open to the dust and dirt, may study medicine is in the Imperial Medical sometimes literally black with flies, sometimes School at Teheran, an institution which is gradu- white with maggots, occasionally covered with a a ally improving, but which is still far from what green leaf or a piece of paper, but no clean gauze would be considered class "A" medical school. or dressings such as we are accustomed to. Doz- As Persia is a Mohammedan country, the human ens come, shielding their eyes from the glare of body after death is considered very sacred, and the sun and the desert, and beg for eye-drops to thus the medical students in their study of anat- relieve this constant burning from trachoma or omy are not allowed to dissect the cadaver, but conjunctivitis; so much blindness everywhere, must endeavor to learn the subject from charts little children, old men, young women; blindness

not only from smallpox, but from gonorrhea, and filthy drinking water. Recently when cholera from trachoma and its various complications. threatened from an adjoining country, a vigorous Pale, anemic women, shivering, shivering with the quarantine was established. Free clinics are bechills of malaria, petition for some health-giving ing opened in various centers, and more-or-Iess quinine; crippled deformed lepers hold up their qualified public health doctors are being stationed fingerless hands and ask for some cure for their throughout the country. Medical practice laws disease. are being revised and strengthened to abolish quacks and charlatans, and there is a general im- It is all so pathetic and so unnecessary, for most provement in sanitary conditions, although there of Persia (except regions near the Caspian and is still so much to be done. In the capital city, Teheran, with its 310,000 inhabitants, although MODERN EDUOATION IN THE AMERIC'AN COLLEGE, TEHERAN there are many beautiful wide avenues, and large public buildings, there is no piped water system, down near the Gulf) is very healthy, as far as no proper sewage system, and much disease. climate is concerned; a high, dry plateau with little rainfall and an abundance of life-giving, One of the most hopeful things is that the edugerm-destroying sunshine. Most of the disease is cated Persians themselves are beginning to realpreventable, if only the folks would know how to ize the need of improvement of conditions and live, how to take care of themselves, and if ade- their own newspapers are full of editorials conquate medical facilities were available. We found, demning destructive practices and are suggesting, and even demanding, reforms. In the July 4th in 1920, that 85 % of the little children were dying issue of the Shafagh Sorgh, one of Teheran's larg- est papers, we find an editorial discussing the under the age of five; conditions are gradually question of why the population of Persia is deimproving and our last figures show that only creasing. The writer says that it is not that the young men are not marrying for they do, and 60 % are dying before that age. But even 60 % some get more than one wife. He continues: is much too high. Can you imagine the morbidity, MODERN ME[)ICAL CARE FOR CH~LDREN IN THE the needless suffering, the pain, the agony, the AMERIC'AN HOSPITAL distress, the misery? These conditions are due sometimes to ignorance, sometimes to over crowd- Moreover it is much better that this number do not ing, sometimes to superstition. Much of the in- marry, and not pollute the blood of the next generation fant mortality was due to the Mohammedan cus- with syphilis germs …… A few months ago I was visittom of child marriage; little girls of 9, 10 and 11 ing some of the southern cities …… I saw fathers who being given in marriage to men much older. These during 20 years have had 15 or 16 children, and have girls became mothers at 14 or 15 and know noth- buried all of them, one after another…… I saw quite ing of the care or feeding of infants. The new big villages or towns whose whole population is overtaken Persian Government has passed stringent laws, with malaria, ~hile the crops were left in the fields and forbidding this child marriage, and is enforcing there was nobody to take care of them. One passes them, indicative of their new attitude towards through hundreds of villages and towns without seeing a progress, and towards the general improvement single physician …… In some larger towns one physician of conditions for the Persian people. who has been sent by the government can be seen and this one was a fortune-teller. He diagnoses syphilis as sore The Public Health Department of Persia has throat and treats it in such a way that there is little ·hope been re-organized and improved; smallpox vac- of living. If someone has appendicitis they think it is a cination is being offered in the cities and villages, mere stomachache and in a short time will kill the paand in some places is being required before chil- tient. . . . .. (Shu/ugh Sorgh, July 4, 1934.) dren are admitted to school. Typhoid innoculations are available although few use them, and there is still a great mortality from typhoid, dysentery and various diarrheas spread through

However I am not pessimistic about Persia, for fluence. Commencing a century ago, in western when one considers the obstacles to be overcome, Persia, the modern Christian church has gradual- marvellous progress has been, and is being made. ly spread eastward, until today groups of believ- Superstition must be combatted, lethargy must be ers are found as far east as Khorassan on the destroyed, illiteracy must be removed, ignorance Afghan border, in all the larger cities both in the must be eradicated, immorality must be wiped north and south, and even in some of the smaller out; and all tlIe~e things require patience, wis- towns. Through the Christian schools and Chris- dom, energy and leadership. tian hospitals, as well as through the direct evan- Ancient Persia is going modern; new roads are· gelistic work, carried on by American and British being built, schools are being opened, industries are being developed, disease is being slowly com~ batted. In my opinion, what Persia needs today is not primarily a new civilization, with its new education, its new sanitation its new transporta- tion, as fine as all these things may be. What Persia needs today is a new salvation. The old philosophy of Islam has been weighed in the bal- ances of time and experience and has been found wanting. Persia today is drifting, and in what direction?

Sir Arnold Wilson in his new book on Persia, says: "The present tendency amongst educated Persians is towards a somewhat unenlightened materialism. They have thrown off the shackles of Islam, and have as yet found nothing to take its place; a rigid determinism underlies much of the popular expressions of thought."* DR. LICHTWARDT AND HIS SUNDAY; SCHOOL We who have been working in Iran, as real CLASS OF PEJllSIANS friends of Persia, feel that in the teachings of the missionaries and by the Persian Christians as Christ, there is a genuine philosophy, a workable well, this Gospel of hope is now being spread plan, a real salvation, which can and should take through the entire land. The workers are all to the place of Islam, which has not proven satisfac- few for the field is so large, and there is so much tory. Some of the young men of Persia are drift- to do, but backed by the intercessory prayers of ing into atheism, some into agnosticism, some into Christians throughout the world, we feel that the Communism, but more into Bahai-ism, which is Church of the Christ is the real hope of this new an offshot of Islam, an easy type of universalism, Persia.

that would appeal to a discontented type of shal- Not only does Persia need Christ, but the whole low mind. world needs Him. With so much strife, discon- The Church of Christ in Persia is growing, year tent, bloodshed, lust, hatred, violence, uncertainty by year, in numbers as well as in strength and in- and doubt, the hope of the world today is in the • Sir Arnold Wilson, Persia, page 184; Scribner, 1932. loving, sacrificial saving Christ, and in Him alone.

EXPERIENCE AND EXPRESSION The Wesleyan Movement made two great contributions to the world. One was the fact that the whole movement was founded up'on an inner experience of God which transformed and lighted up the whole of life. All else was secondary to this one central thing-a radiant experience of God. The chief business of the Christian Church is to produce the moral and spiritual miracle of conversion. When it has lost power to do this, the Church has lost its right to live. God has raised us up for the perpetuating of this miracle. Confused and paralyzed men need this today as never before.

The second great contribution of Wesley was his conception: "The world is my parish." There was to be no territorial or racial limitations to the redemption movement.

These two things stand together. One is the experience and the other is the expression. The experience goes to the depths of the individual's need and extends to the need of the earth's last man. Cool either one, and you kill both. We must hold to this vision and reaffirm that the world is still our parish. Put within that word "world" a deeper content than geographical extent-the world of economic relationships and the world of race and international relationships must be our parish. Christ must conquer it all.- E. STANLEY JONES.

A Brahman Becomes a Christian By the REV. H. G. HOWARD, Kodoli, India • Missionary .of the Presbyterian Church. U. S. A.

I N SOME sections of India where there have been mass movements among the outcastes there are now considerable numbers of middle caste aod high caste Hindus becoming Christians. In our part of India there has been as yet no such movement among the middle castes, though we think there are so many Marathas who are convinced of the truth of Christianity that if a few will take the lead in accepting Christ and enduring what persecution may result, many others will follow them.

A few months ago a young man, a Brahman doctor, trained in the Miraj Medical School, accepted baptism after having his heart filled with devotion to the Lord Jesus. Before being bap- tized he visited his home in South India to tell his brother and other relatives why he was taking this step and to try to persuade them, too, to accept the Saviour.

Last May I spent a week in Mahabaleshwar, where the language school for new missionaries is held. On the way there a Hindu sitting near me in the bus asked me where I was going. When I replied he said, "You will see Harshe pandit there; he has become a Christian." I answered, "I have known Mr. Harshe for many years; he is a Poona Brahman. How do you know that he has become a Christian?" "I read it," he replied, "in the newspaper."

On my arrival there I learned that Mr. Ha~she had been baptized on the preceding Saturday. As the service had been announced beforehand it was no secret and Mr. Harshe received many let- ters from people who urged him not to become a Christian. A delegation of Brahmans from Poona went to try to persuade him not to be baptized. When they found out that he was taking the step because of his personal convictions, they said that they would no longer try to dissuade him. An Indian queen wrote him that she supposed he was becoming a Christian because he was probably loaded down with debt, in which case she would give him Rs. 3000 to help him pay his debts and to keep him from being baptized. He replied that he was not in need of money, but it was because of his faith in the Lord Jesus that he was accepting baptism. She then wrote him to go ahead and be baptized. Mr. Harshe said that he could find beautiful passages in the Hindu sacred books, but he could not find in the Hindu books the power he had found in Christ and it was because of his having experienced the power of Christ that he was publicly accepting Him.

Especially interesting in connection with his baptism is the fact that his family did not disown him. His two sons, young men 21 or 22 year~ old, published a letter in the newspapers stating that they were still Hindus, but that they loved thelt father and would not disown him, in fact they hon- ored him more than before because of his acting in accordance with his convictions. Mr. Gandhi wrote them: "I congratulate you on your attitude toward your father. If you find in Hinduism the peace you need, it is your duty to remain Hindus in spite of your father's change of religion." The sons are seriously considering their duty in the matter; they wish, if they become Christians, to do so because of their own personal convictions, not because their father has become a Christian.

When the family returned to Poona in June the father was wondering whether his landlord would let him come back into his house, in the midst of Brahman neighbors. The landlord, how- ever, when he met him, embraced him and said, "You have been my friend all these years; you are still my friend." Many neighbors have asked for Bibles or New Testaments as they say they want to find out what it is in these books that has attracted Mr. Harshe. His sons say they had to get quite a supply of Bibles and New Testaments to give to their inquiring neighbors.

Pray that Mr. Harshe may be strengthened in his faith in the Lord Jesus, that he may have the joy of seeing his wife and two sons and daughter accept the Saviour, and that they may be used to lead others openly to confess the Lord Jesus.

From a letter dated September 10, 1934.

Present–Day Shinto in

By the REV. ALBERTUS PIETERS, D.D., Holland, Michigan Formerly Missionary of the Reformed Church in America; Now Professor of Bible and Missions in Western Theological Seminary THERE is at present one pagan empire in the require us to render it "gods," not god, for in all world-one only-the Empire of Japan. By historic time the Japanese have been, as they are a pagan empire we mean one that, on the one now, a polytheistic people. They have "gods many hand by the prevailing faith and worship of its and lords many." If you ask them how many, the population, and on the other hand by the formal conventional answer is: "Yao yorodzu no kami" profession and determination of its government, -800 times 10,000 gods. This is not to be underis committed to that form of religion that we call stood as an accurate census return of the divine paganism; which is primitive nature worship, population, but rather as a round number for an spirit worship, and hero or ancestor worship, un- uncounted multitude.

modified by philosophic thinking. The first chapter of the Epistle of Paul to the Anciently, the whole world, with the exception Romans contains an accurate description of the of the commonwealth of Israel, was pagan in this paganism of Japan. Sketched from life, as he saw sense, and practically every organized government the worship of the Roman Empire all about him, was pagan; irreligious governments being un- no change is required to make it applicable to that known in ancient times. Today it is not so. There of Japan today; from which we learn that, in its are still pagans enough in many lands, notably in essential principles and results, paganism is as China, India, Africa, and the islands of the sea; unchangeable as Christianity. Its root idea, but, with one exception, there are no "pagan" gov- everywhere and always, is the deification of the ernments. Africa and the South Seas have only creature.

unorganized races, or simple tribal governments, This creature worship takes various forms. In with scarcely a kingdom worthy of the name; one form it is the direct worship of the natural India is under a Christian sovereign, and the lead- object itself: the sun, the moon, mountains, rivers, ing general of the Repul1lic of China is a Chris- trees, animals, and insects. All these are wortian. It is thus Japan-Japan alone-that stands shipped in Japan. The Japanese have coined a forth in the 20th century as a survival of this proverb, half serious, half facetious: Aka iwashi ancient state of things. From the standpoint of no atama de mo shinjirlr-"even the head of a dried religion and missions this is a most interesting sardine may be a god." fact. At the same time Japan is a strong, virile, In a little higher form it is worship of the spirit expanding, military nation, the destiny of which, that resides in a natural object, or is symbolized whether for peace or war, is intimately linked to by it. Scholars call this "animism." Japan is full that of the United States. It is therefore impor- of it. People worship the "kami" of the mountain tant for us to know what the paganism of Japan or river. Although generally to be rendered is, and how this paganism is likely to influence its "god," the word "kami" in such connections means spirit, its attitude, and its actions. the spirit of the mountain rather than its god.

The paganism of Japan goes by the name of In still another form there is personification of Shinto, legitimately anglicised into Shintoism. the natural force or object; and the imaginary This is a compound word, being the Chinese read- person thus produced becomes, to the common peoing of two characters that stand for two Japanese pIe, a real historic individual, although the fact words; "kami"-god, or gods, and "michi"-way, that it is a personification only, remains clear or path: therefore also doctrine. It means, there- enough to any ,student. Thus we have the supreme fore, the way, or doctrine, about the gods. It does divinity of Japan, named Ama Terasu-"She Who not mean the doctrine that comes from God, or the Shines in the Sky"-plainly enough the Sun gods, for Shinto does not profess to originate in Goddess. Her shrine at Ise is the Mecca of Japan, any divine revelation. Although the word "kami" and in the mythology she is the ancestress of the in itself is neither singular nor plural, the facts Emperor, through her grandson, whom she sent [ 557]

down from heaven to rule the world. So nature cruder forms of Shinto, such as find expression in worship passes over into hero worship, ancestor these "ungraded and village shrines." Hence the worship, and emperor worship. decrease in the number of such shrines, both abso- lutely and in proportion to the population. Hence, Paganism, as briefly described above, consisting also, the very dilapidated and neglected condition of primitive nature, spirit, and hero worship, has of many that remain. Besides that, there are arisbeen since the dawn of history, and is today, the ing new forms of Shinto, organized in better harfaith of the masses of Japan. That Buddhism is mony with modern social conditions, and the Govalso largely prevalent, is not inconsistent with this ernment, for its own purposes, is providing larger statement, for most Buddhists are Shintoists at and more popular shrines. the same time. Now, since Japan, for fifty years or more, has been in touch with all modern devel- New Forms of SlrirlIto opments, has enjoyed the privileges of modern education, and has been the field of zealous Chris- The new forms of Shinto are a most interesting tian propaganda by missionaries and Japanese study. Many of them, in terminology and form of preachers, it is an interesting and important ques- organization, are very plainly imitations of Christion how far all this has had an effect. Is modern tian churches. This appears, first of all, in the Shinto losing its hold, and is it in any way differ- fact that they are not community affairs, but are ent from ancient Shinto? groups with voluntary individual membership. lIn its primary form, Shinto, like the ancient pa- Modern Shinto ganism of Greece and Rome, is a community in- terest. The temple is the village temple, main- One can point out certain effects of these mod- tained at village expense, and everybody belongs ern influences, partly in the outward manifesta- to it, merely by virtue of the fact that one resides tions of this ancient paganism, partly in its inner in the village. There is no group of which the life. Outwardly, one of the first results of Japan's individual is a member on account of his own faith contact with the Western world was the abolition or by his own choice. With the new forms of of all public phallic worship, that is, the worship Shinto, however, the case is different. They have of the sex organs. In the past, this logical develop- their membership lists, and a person may join, or ment of nature worship has been almost universal refuse to join, or withdraw after he has joined; in aH pagan countries. Japan was no exception, and therefore his membership is an expression of and when the missionaries began their work in his personal faith in certain doctrines. that country, this worship was carried on openly, in very indecent forms. It was abolished by the There are thirteen sects, or "churches" of this Government out of regard for the feeling of de- kind officially recognized and licensed as Shinto cency of the world at large; and is not now known sects, and their total membership foots up to the in Japan except in some out-of-the-way country impressive total of more than seventeen millions. places where it may still be found if sought for. Beside this, there are others, like Oh Moto Kyo, that carryon a vigorous propaganda, without Statistics of shrines seem to indicate another having, as yet, been officially licensed. The smallnoteworthy change. There are in Japan Shinto est sect, "Misogi Kyo,"-the Religion of Lustrashrines maintained at the expense of the nation tion, is credited with 307,000 members, and the or of provincial governments, for religio-political largest, "Tenri Kyo,"-the Religion of the Heavpurposes, of which we shall speak presently; many enly Reason, with nearly four millions. Brief others are maintained by the people voluntarily as notes on some of these new religions will give the the spontaneous expression of their religious feel- reader an idea of this modern development of ings. These latter are called "village and un- Shinto. graded shrines." From the official figures given in the "Japanese Year Book" for 1924, we learn TENRI Kyo is the most prominent. Besides its that there were at that time 111,181 such shrines, work in Japan, it carries on missionary work and from the same annual statistical publication abroad, having, at least some years ago, a mission for 1934, that there are now only 107,134, a de- station in London. It issues some literature in the crease in ten years of 4,149, or 415 a year. The English language, the latest publication of this proportional decrease is considerably greater, kind being a fine volume of 319 pages, in which since the population of Japan grows at the rate may be found-all that the authorities of the sect of more than half a million each year. It is clear wish the English reading public to know about that something is happening. Either the people their history and doctrines. The new religion are losing faith in their gods, or their faith is find- originated with a very devout woman, Mrs. Miki ing expression in other ways, or both. Nakayama, who was born April 18, 1798, and died on January 26, 1887. In the year 1838 she Probably both causes are responsible for this began to have certain experiences that caused her change. There is a weakening of faith in the

PRESENT-DAY SHINTO IN JAPAN

to think that ten gods, expressed by name, had of Japan, they say, are the model upon which the taken up their abode in her and wished to speak rest of the world was molded, and the superiority through her. These ten divinities are called col- of the Japanese, they teach, is seen in many ways, lectively, The God of the Heavenly Reason, and the but particularly in their hair, which is an instruclaim is even put forward that Tenrikyo is a mono- ment of divine inspiration. Hence devout Oh theistic faith. After the death of Mrs. Nakayama, Moto Kyo believers wear their hair long, for the divine revelations continued through her youngest longer the hair the better the divine influence can daughter, and a follower named Iburi, but these penetrate. It is the supreme misison, they say, had to do mostly with the organization and man- of the Japanese nation to govern the entire world, agement of the church. They ceased altogether bringing all nations into sUbjection to the Emin 1907. peror, who alone is a legitimate ruler, the vice- gerent of heaven upon earth. This sect has offices As now taught, Tenri Kyo is distinctly an eclec- in Paris, and even in Sao Paulo, Brazil. tic religion. Its theology is Shinto. The "eight million gods" are not denied, but practically wor- These two are given as samples of the new forms ship is confined to the ten that took up their abode which ancient Shinto is taking. There are many in the prophetess. Its ethics and its conception of more. All of them make much use of faith healing, the moral state of man, are from Confucius. Its and can produce as many and as striking instances view of the state after death is taken from Bud- of such healing as Christian Science in our own dhism, but with an important modification. Tenri country. Thus the decline in the number of "vil- Kyo accepts transmigration, but not into lower lage and ungraded shrines" is partly counterbalforms of insect or animal life. The soul is re- anced by the growth of these "churches." born, but always in another human body. In its emphasis on faith and love, its organization, and The most important influence in this field is, in much of its popular preaching, it is so nearly no doubt, the attitude of the government. The Christian that many Tenri Kyo exhortations can statesmen of Japan, fearing the disintegrating scarcely be distinguished from Christian sermons. effects of modern civilization, and eager at all Thus the various elements in Tenri Kyo are seen costs to rally the people around the Imperial to be simply those elements from other systems throne, found in Shinto an instrument ready to that have come to be the common intellectual and their hands. With more emphasis than had ever moral property of the common people of Japan. been known in Japan before, they taught the di- They are items of religious faith and feeling that vine nature of the Emperor and the divine basis pass as current coin, and no one asks where they of his authority. They did this so strongly, and were minted. It is not difficult for the ordi- with so little regard for the facts of history, that nary Japanese to become a Tenri Kyo believer. Its Prof. Basil Hall Chamberlin, an outstanding audoctrines are what he has always believed, and thority on all things Japanese, charges them with what seems to him reasonable. Of course it is the invention of a new religion. It is not really nationalistic, intensely so, as the following quo- new in content, but it is in emphasis. tation from one of the Tenri Kyo magazines will illustrate: This new form of Shinto is designated "Em- peror Worship." It has no separate shrines or Japan is the parent nation of the world. It is the source ceremonies, but attaches itself to the established whence the salvation of all nations proceeds. He who is Shinto worship. In many respects it closely rehostile to this nation opposes the will of God. (From the sembles the emperor worship of ancient Rome. "Michi no Torno," Sept., 1914.) As there, so in Japan, the basis is found in ancient faith and feeling, modified for political purposes. This fanatical nationalism finds perhaps its ex- Japan is a modern nation in most respects, but treme expression in OH MOTO Kyo-The Religion not so in religion. So far from belonging reliof the Great Origin-the origin, that is, of the giously to the 20th century, she is not even medire- Japanese Empire and people. This is definitely val. There is no parallel to her religious state an attempt to carry the faith of the people back closer than the state of Rome in the first three cento the ancient gods. It began with the incoherent turies of the Christian era. Dr. Robert E. Speer babblings and scribblings of an ignorant, and per- is reported to have said: "Think of Japan in terms haps demented woman who thought herself in- of ancient Rome." That is a correct summary of spired by one of the gods, and it has grown into her religious condition. a very considerable sect, claiming a million adherents.. In religious and moral content it is The rulers of Japan, in promoting Emperor perhaps the pObrest of all the modern varieties Worship, are not so much interested in religion as of Shinto, but it has certain very attractive mag- in finding a firm basis for the Imperial authority. ical or mesmeric practices. It claims for Japan If it were not for that necessity, they would cheerthe headship of the entire world. Even the islands fully dispense with Shinto, in which they probably believe as little as other intelligent men; but since

faith in the divine nature and descent of His Im- popular. The Christians, of course, object, and so perial Majesty cannot be divorced from faith in do the more earnest Buddhists. Collisions bethe Sun Goddess and all the rest of the ancient tween such dissenters and the government policy mythology, therefore that mythology is taught in occur from time to time, and of late with growing all the public schools as veritable history. There- frequency, chiefly in connection with the requirefore, also, it is required of school teachers to take ments imposed upon the teachers and students of their pupils, from time to time, to the local shrines, public schools. Not many months ago the teachers to do obeisance to the local gods. and students of the Ogaki city school went on an excursion to Ise, to worship at the shrine of the Such instructions to teachers encounter an ob- Sun Goddess. Three of the girls, being Chrisstacle in Article XXVIII of the Constitution of tians, refused to join in this worship. They were Japan, which guarantees freedom of religious expelled and fourteen or more Christian churches faith. To get over this difficulty, the Government in the province were closed by government order. makes a distinction between two kinds of Shinto, called respectively State Shinto and Religious The Roman Catholic Church, of course, stands Shinto. In the latter are included all the various out firmly against any compromise in this matter; new sects already alluded to. Profession of such and on the whole the Protestant leaders are no faith is absolutely a matter for private choice. less inflexible, although there are some among In the former term are included the chief shrines them who are inclined to yield. It is almost preof the ancient faith, and these are officially de- cisely the same conflict as that between the early clared not to be places of religious worship, but church and the Roman emperor worship. If conplaces for the commemoration and honoring of ditions were now as in ancient times, there is no national heroes and of the Imperial Family. At- doubt that the scaffold and the stake would again tendance and worship at such shrines is the duty be appealed to to settle the controversy; but presof every Japanese subject, no matter what his ent-day Japan is too sensitive to international religious beliefs may be. Meanwhile, however, public opinion to employ so crude a method. the old priests remain, and the same old rites are performed, the same prayers are said. Meanwhile, there is no doubt that the Govern- ment policy is meeting with a large measure of In any other country, the attempt of the Gov- success. The decline of Shinto, evident in the disernment to declare that to be irreligious which in appearance of many of the smaller shrines, is the faith and practice of the people has always measurably checked, and the progress of the Chrisbeen the heart of their religion, would be amusing, tian faith is retarded. The larger shrines, estabbut it is not so in Japan. Most people take it seri- lished and maintained at government expense, are ously or pretend to do so, and comply without hesi- becoming more and more popular; and the day tation. Hence, although the smaller shrines are seems to have been indefinitely postponed when decreasing in number and in the number of their the last pagan empire shall cease to be pagan. worshippers, the new shrines are increasingly A PIONEER CHINESE WOMAN DOCTOR By M. P . WALKER, Shanghai, China American Episcopal Church Mission, China AH MEl WONG was one of the few Chinese women doctors in China. She was the daugh- l'".. ter of the Rev. Kong Chai Wong, the first Chinese clergyman of the Episcopal Church in China and the younger sister of Soo Ngoo Wong (afterwards Mrs. F. L. Hawks Pott). After attending St. Mary's Hall, Shanghai, Dr. Wong trained as a nurse in the Memo- rial Hospital at Wuchang, and in St. Luke's Hospital, Shanghai. Wishing to become a doctor, ….1&he went to Canada and studied medicine in Toronto, where she was the first Chinese woman ';i"!medical student at the University. .

When she returned to China she set up a private practice in Shanghai, showing most unu- sual skill and general ability. She was highly respected by Chinese and foreigners alike and all her life was a devoted member of the Church. She continued her regular medical prac- tice until a few days before her death on May 7, 1933, at the age of sixty-five.

She bequeathed to the St. Elizabeth's Hospital over $190,000, Chinese currency, to found the Ah Mei Wong Endowment Fund, the income to be used by the hospital for maternity work.

Present Value of Medical

By NATHANIEL BERCOVITZ, M.D.

American Mission Hospital, Hoi How, Hainan, China A QUARTER of a century ago medical mis- of its value. There have also been great advances sionary work was looked upon as of special in medical science, especially in tropical medicine. value in opening doors, making friendly The bulk of medical missionary work has been contacts, and giving an opportunity for the presen- done in tropical or subtropical countries, and it tation of the Gospel. There are innumerable in- has been possible to bring about a better general stances where entrance, hitherto impossible, was state of health because of better methods of treatmade possible by medical work; where friendships ment. of great value to the whole missionary cause were made by doctors, and where vigorous churches Medical education has been carried forward in grew up as a result of faithful preaching in hos- lands where medical missionary work has been pitals and dispensaries. done and has resulted in the training of native men and women in modern medicine and surgery, The need for medical missions has been recog- with the result that interest in modern medicine nized. Throughout the world, and especially in tropical and subtropical countries, there was a vast amount of illness, formerly untouched by modern medical science. Many of the medical and surgical ailments encountered were imperfectly understood by medical science of that time, for some of the greatest strides in tropical medicine, in public health work, and in sanitation and control of epidemics have been made within the past twenty-five years.

Conditions in mission fields were appallingepidemics ran unchecked; infant mortality was the rule rather than the exception; fetichism and quackery, born of ignorance and based upon superstition, were all that the people had in the way of medical care. Existing conditions made a powerful appeal to doctors in America and Europe, and many consecrated noble men and women went to needy places, and established medical work in has become widespread. Some native practitioners response to the calls for help. may have been coolies in the mission hospital; some may have been amahs in a maternity ward; They went to alleviate suffering in places where but on the other hand, many have been trained in no other trained medical help was available; the best medical schools in their own country, or where disease, superstition, and the grossest hea- in Europe and America. In any case, what they then practices prevailed; and at the same time had to offer at the worst was better than the suthe love and power of Jesus Christ was preached perstition and quackery existing before they came. to transform lives, to make. for better living, and The qualified native doctors have done good work to do away with the unspeakable conditions under among their own people. In most cases financial which the people lived. gain has been their object, but even so, much good has been done, especially in an educational way. During the past twenty-five years there have .others have practiced medicine from altruistic been many changes in regards to medical work, motives. Not all of the native doctors, qualified especially in countries where conditions were the or unqualified, have been Christians, but it is safe worst. The work of pioneer medical missionaries to say that nearly all have come in contact with has borne fruit-much of the fear of modern Christian hospitals. In many countries, where scientific medicine has been broken down, and the medical missionary was the first to introduce people are now ready to accept medical and surgical treatment because they have been convinced [561 ]

modern medical science, the governments have druggists, and treatments by hospital doctors. In undertaken medical and public health work on a general these druggists have helped to stimulate large scale. interest in modern medicine and have helped to It is evident that the problem of medical mis- break down the earlier barriers.

sions as regards the scope and field has changed, A new problem is being faced now in the fact and that a new evaluation of the whole subject that several assistants have accepted positions as should be made. doctors in the Chinese army-with much higher While medical conditions throughout the world, pay than what the mission hospital can afford.

especially in countries where medical mission- For many years Dr. McCandliss worked hard to aries did their pioneer work, have generally build up the maternity work of the hospital. The changed along certain lines, there are still many Chinese in Hainan have been particularly quick places where the medical missionary today is as to realize the benefits of this work, and all over much needed and his work is much the same as Hainan there have sprung up maternity hospitals it was fifty years ago. For such places no new run by young women who have had some training evaluation need be made, except, in anticipation, as midwives in Canton. These midwives are al- as conditions are likely to change. Even in these leviating suffering and what help they give is places, although working under pioneer conditions, better than what the people had previously.

the doctors should be equipped with the knowledge The question is whether the hospital has lost an of modern medical and surgical methods, and opportunity as a missionary agency in not getting must expect to work under better conditions. into the field early, establishing such centers as But where health conditions are different from part of the hospital work, manned by midwives those of twenty-five years ago, new problems arise trained under our supervision, and sent out to do because of these changed conditions. These prob- this work in connection with the other activities lems are concerned with administration, relation of the mission. One maternity center and branch to local hospitals and practitioners, and to the of the hospital has been established in a town 44 local governments. Each missionary hospital must miles west of Hoi How, and is developing this face its particular problem. In view of the chang- work in a very needy and superstitious center.

ing relations between the local churches and gen- Another center was opened in a town 47 miles eral missionary work, the relation of the native south of Hoi How by a group of Christian women church ·to the missionary hospital must be con- as a project. Both centers are doing fairly well, sidered. The present financial situation, with con- and are helping in the study of rural medical mis- sequent limitation of many missionary activities, sionary work.

must also be studied. A former assistant in our hospital at Kachek The medical work in Hainan, China, was begun completed his studies as a doctor, and after three forty-nine years ago by Dr. H. M. McCandliss, years graduate work at the Peiping Union Medical who was superintendent until 1926, and was en- College returned to Hainan to establish a hospital tirely pioneer in its nature at the beginning. of his own in Hoi How. He enlisted the support Through years of assiduous labor he succeeded in of many wealthy Hainanese, and succeeded in building up a remarkable medical work and now erecting a three-story building, fully equipped. there is a well equipped group of buildings, with This hospital is about 300 yards away from our a trained staff of assistants, a training school for hospital and has been fairly successful.

nurses, and seven doctors. During 1933, the new If the Chinese can build, equip, and run a hos- inpatients registered in the hospital numbered pital as well as Dr. Chu's hospital, what is the 2,859, of which 739 were maternity cases and 580 need for the American Presbyterian Hospital in were surgical operations. The patients come Hainan, even though we are crowded with pa- chiefly from the northeastern section of Hainan. tients?

With the growth of the hospital many problems To date the government has not taken over pub- have been encountered. Assistants, trained by lic health work which is still a great untouched Dr. McCandliss, left the hospital and set up for field in Hainan. The American Presbyterian Hos- themselves, on the growing reputation of the 1;1os- pital is well known, and the people usually friend- pital, and their connection with it. At first those ly. How far should this hospital undertake public men attempted everything, although their train- health work? – The problems are extremely prac- ing did not qualify them for such operations as tical. What is the value, need and purpose of cataract, or dissection of the glands of the neck. medical missionary work under changing condi- Later, except for treatment of such diseases as tions? Has medical missionary work served its malaria and dysentery, these men gradually limit- purpose and is its work finished?

ed themselves to the sale of medicine. Gradually It is the opinion of the writer that the ultimate the people learned to differentiate between these purpose of medical missionary work is active ex-

1934J THE PRESENT VALUE OF MEDICAL MISSIONS

tension of Christianity through medical work. other lines as well as strengthening existing mis- This includes the pioneer type of work, as well as sion hospitals to reach the largest possible number every other type of medical missionary work. of people, in the hospital, in the rural dispensary, Without this purpose the field might as well be and by various projects. left to other medical agencies serving only humanitarian and scientific purposes. But the time Christian missions mean the proclamation of should never come when a mission hospital can the direct Gospel message; but the work includes cease to be an active evangelizing agency, as well living the Christian life in every phase and relaas a medical center. tionship, every good deed which is the fruit of the Spirit. Christian propaganda is the living witness One particular case in our work in 1932 was of Christ within men; a powerful demonstration worth the work of the whole year. A man came to all who come in contact with the work that to the hospital with a surgical condition and was there is something in Christ and in Christianity cured. The evangelist sat with him, and when the which is unique and is worth while having. patient left gave him some tracts and a Bible. Some months later the pastor of the Hoi How In all of the rooms of the Hoi How Hospital are church visited the region where this patient lived, placed Bibles and Bible texts are printed on the and was invited to visit the patient's village. The walls. It is not unusual for an educated patient pastor was amazed to find a group of ninety-four people asking for examination for baptism in a to read through the Bible while in the hospital and village where no evangelist had ever gone, and many ask for copies on leaving. One man, whose where the only work had been done through tIiis wife had a very serious surgical operation, said one patient in the hospital. The pastor felt that that one night when her condition was the lowest sixty-one of these candidates were ready to be he never took his eyes off the text on the wallbaptized. Since that time many have had to en- "God is our refuge and strength, a very present dure persecution, but a recent visit brought the help in time of trouble." word that the group was standing firm, a strong Christian nucleus in their village. It is advisable for hospitals to have the as- sistance of an advisory board, on which church It does not mean that because of this ultimate leaders have a prominent part. The church can purpose of medical missionary work that there be invited to assist in the evangelistic work in the should be any but the highest standards for the hospital, and follow up the work with patients who medical and surgical work. On the contrary, if have been in the hospital. Public health work, the mission hospital is to be most effective in rural health centers, clinics, and district maternity achieving its evangelistic purpose it must be out- hospitals, can all be conducted in cooperation with standing as a place of healing. Missionary hos- the church. pitals should be developed to the highest degree of efficiency in staff, nursing, buildings, and equip- As long as we adhere to the main purpose of ment, to do the highest grade of medical work. medical missions, Christian propaganda through With this purpose in view and under these condi- medical work, there is increasing opportunity for tions we believe that missionary hospitals should this form of missionary service. It should reseek enlargement and an increase in the numbers ceive unqualified support; its future should be of patients. They deserve the support of their planned along broad lines; it should be regarded constituencies in the homeland, and of the church as a major missionary activity; its opportunities on the field. should be fully grasped and used. We believe that the blessing of God which has been poured out so It has been argued that as the national medical richly in the past will be given in even greater agencies make progress medical missionary work measure, so long as this form of missionary acwill become less important. If the missionary hos- tivity is kept right in purpose, and in operation. pitals are to do merely humanitarian and scientific work then it might be reasonable to say that their work will become less important but since the great purpose of medical missions is to advance the cause of Christ, the mission hospital holds a unique mission. For this reason its work has not been completed. It will continue to be needed, no matter how much medical work is done by local agencies.

There should be continued activity i:q medical missions-extension of health work in rural districts, maternity work,caring for the poor, and

A Pioneer Journey in

Excerpts from a Letter from Mr. Raymond Joyce, Edsingol, Minghsia Province, to Dr. R. H. Glover, China Inland Mission O N THE edge of the Edsingol Delta, (North- pleasant. Slower going and perhaps more digging west China), with over half our journey would make it better. Cars with a lower center of to Tihwa behind us, we are faced with gravity would find it much less risky than we seeming impossibilities before we can continue. thought it to be.

There are four or more rivers to be crossed and The next part of the journey was mostly they are very full. through country made lumpy by tall grasses grow- It has taken us twelve traveling days to reach ing in clumps. This is the main feature of the here from Kalgan, seventeen days altogether. We route as far as Rain Unter. The river beds pre- rested two Sundays and spent three other days in vious to Rain Unter may give trouble, but are all repairing one of the cars. One of the little springs right if you keep going. The surface is gravelly in the universal joint either came out or, more sand but underneath is sticky red clay. We got probably, had never been put ~n. The whole back stuck before leaving the last river bed before Bain axle had to come off. Apart from this, however, Unter and took five hours to get out! One car we have had no serious mechanical trouble. Apart stopped in changing gear and the other car, fairly from the above delay we have had no undue hind- close behind, slowed up and both stuck and rance. Once we got stuck in a river bed of loose wouldn't start again but sank in. We made a sand with clay underneath and it took us five hours trench from the rear wheels towards the front of digging and "road-making" to get out. On a wheels gradually getting shallower. This was few other occasions it took an hour or two to get laid with stones and brushwood and one car was going again. However, considering the country, rushed out and up the bank. The other car was we have come through very smoothly. Not a few jacked up at the rear, a big pit dug under each cars have found it impossible and most of them back wheel and a firm stone bed made under the have taken longer than we so that there is much wheels. The first car then helped to pull this one to thank the Lord for. Rain on the stretch from out.

Kalgan to Sunit Wang would have meant mud, From Bain Unter onwards is desert and in but we had good weather. The same applies to the main the surface is firm, being gravelly, and the road after Uni Ussu. The sandier part of the flat. The chief trouble is soft patches of ground, journey, between Siao Ch'uan Tsi and Muringol, and hard low-gear work. The water question was fairly good owing to the sand being damp- gives no trouble. We passed water every day, ened by rain just before we arrived. In many though we did carry two drums or more from ways we know that the Lord has undertaken Bain Unter onwards.

for us. The journey from Yagan onwards is really good We had no trouble in getting away from Kalgan going and much of it is down hill after passing -no customs examinations or charges. This was through the hills.

chiefly because we were missionaries. Mr. Soder- The trip has been a somewhat strenuous journey bom was a great help, and Mr. and Mrs. Williams, but enjoyable-the daily round being:-break- were very helpful. Hattin Sumu was a very in- fast, packing, traveling, unpacking, supper, bed.

teresting little place. The missionaries were on We stopped for an hour at mid-day for light lunch.

furlough but the Mongol pastor entertained us As for food we have done very well. We have seen there and children sang hymns to us in Mongol! some wonderful sunsets and beautiful country, The journey as far as Yang Ch'ang Tsi Goh is though desert. The tent has proved waterproof, very interesting. You see lovely droves of horses and we have been glad of sleeping bags. Some careering over the steppe; you pass camel cara- nights have been quite cold but we've had no really vans and gaily dressed Mongols, Lamas and mer- cold weather yet.

chants, all were very friendly, interested and In EdsingoI we found Dr. Horner of the Sino- happy (outwardly at least). Beili Miao was busy Swedish Expedition. He entertained us royally, when we pased through as the Panchan Lama seeking to help and advise us in every way. He was there and many pilgrims had come to see has loaned us a large yurt (Mongolian circular him. felt tent). So we are very comfortable and are Yang Ch'ang Tsi GQh was our first rough ex- waiting for Cerat to return from his inquiries perience. It is not really unsafe but quite un- regarding a guide to take us to Hami.

[564 ]

Evangelization of the World in

Generation By PROF. KENNETH SCOTT LATOURETTE, Ph.D. New Haven, Conn.

Professor of Missions and Oriental History, Yale University WHAT has happened to the motto, "The ever, as many of us remember, was meant giving Evangelization of the World in this Gene- to all those now living an opportunity to hear the ration"? Many who are still in their late Gospel with a sufficient knowledge of it intelligentyouth can recall when much was made of it. As ly to accept or reject it.

the official watchword it was blazoned in huge Another factor has been the reaction from the letters across the platforms of the Quadrennial "extensive" to the "intensive" policy in missions.

Conventions of the Student Volunteer Movement. To many, "The Evangelization of the World in Its realization was one of the chief objectives of this Generation" has meant the establishment of the Laymen's Missionary Movement. Many pro- a large number of mission stations, most of them claimed it as an attainable goal. It had a marked understaffed, a superficial, broadcast method of influence in shaping missionary policies and pro- proclaiming the Gospel message, either by the grams. written or the spoken word, and the neglect of a Yet in late years we have heard less and less careful tending of the communities of those re- of it, and that little is often accompanied by a cently become Christian. The "extensive" policy half apology or thinly veiled cynicism. Officially has often meant absence of careful supervision, it remains the watchword of the Student Volun- lack of emphasis on trained leadership and of teer Movement, but no publicity is given it. Many growth in the Christian life. Laying the founda- of the younger generation of Christians, even tions for a strong continuing Christian commu- those committed to the missionary enterprise, nity, capable of taking its share in spreading and have scarcely heard of it. Certainly it forms no making effective the Gospel message, was sacri- part of their thinking. No longer is much said by ficed to reaching quickly as large a district and most of our major boards of the "unoccupied as many people as possible. From this policy, :flelds"-those regions still vast where the Gosp~l with its disastrously superficial results and its must be carried if all men are to have the privi- waste of missionary life and money, a reaction legp. of hearing it. Here and there are movements, was to be expected and has been in progress for some of them engaging the interest of large num- some years. bers of Christians, who hold to the motto and seek Still another possible factor is more serious, for to meet the challenge which it embodies. For it may indicate that, for the time being at least, most supporters of Protestant missions, however, great sections of the missionary enterprise are it no longer has an appeal and it would be a hardy slowing down and losing the sense of urgency.

mission board which would place it in the fore- Back of the watchword was the passionate confront of its publicity. For the time being at least, viction of the need of all men for the Gospel of "The Evangelization of the World in this Genera- Christ and of the infinite tragedy of the untold tion" seems to have been relegated to the archives millions who die without ever having heard it.

of half-forgotten slogans. In many of our church circles this sense of need The muffling of this watch cry of other years has weakened. As a partial substitute for it has is no accident. The causes are many and the come the conviction that missions have an impor- change may prove to be an indication of a funda- tant function in rural and village reconstruction, mental revolution in missions. One factor is to in meeting evils in industry, in relieving famine, be found in a widespread misapprehension. By in establishing better racial relations or an im- many "The Evangelization of the World in this proved international order. As a rull, these ob- Generation" was believed to be equivalent to "The jectives do not call forth such devotion and sacri- Christianization of the World in this:Generation." flce as does the conviction of the eternal loss suf- Under such an interpretation the watchword fered by those who sink into Christless graves.

would, of course, have been fantastic. By it, how- Many have acquired an easygoing tolerance of [ 565]

other faiths and to large numbers the threat of tinues, in some regions at an accelerated pace. "secularism," which has been substituted for non- Those peoples who, like the Japanese, have suc- Christian faiths as the major enemy, does not cessfully revolted against the control of the West seem sufficiently grave to warrant heroic meas- have achieved their political and economic autonures. On top of all these elements in the situation omy only by sacrificing their cultural independcame the World War, with its subsequent disloca- ence and adopting much of Western civilization. tions, and now has followed the financial depres- This continued disintegration of the older cultures sipn with its staggering blows to Board incomes. means that the traditional forms of resistance to the Christian message are continuing to weaken. As result of these many factors, the missionary The place of the foreign missionary is most cerenterprise is tending to dig in rather than to ex- tainly being altered, but, if new methods are pand, and even to retrench. To be sure, this is formulated and the younger churches can be put not all loss. It is leading to the placing of more in the forefront of leadership, the door of opporresponsibility on the younger churches which have tunity was never so widely open to the Christian arisen out of the missions of the past century and message. a half. It is accompanied by a more critical appraisal of methods and results than we have yet The factors which have been responsible for the had. neglect of "the evangelization of the world in this generation" must not be permitted to obscure the The Expanding Program continuation of the obligation embodied in that slogan. We must revive it, if not in these exact However, we need to recognize the significance words, then in others which will convey the same of the change. From the time of William Carey meaning and sense of urgency. We must, indeed, the Protestant missionary enterprise has had a not only revive it but greatly add to it. It reconstantly expanding program. We have believed mains eternally true that if the Christian message that, no matter how dark the immediate present "is not true for all, it is not true at all." So long might be, the future was "as bright as the prom- as we remain convinced Christians we must seek ises of God." We have had the conviction that we to share the Gospel with all mankind. If the faith must be ever entering new fields, opening new we profess is not the wellspring of our lives, then missions, founding new stations. In this we we had best either discard it or ask whether we shared the spirit of our age and civilization. The are missing what it may hold in store for us. If missionary enterprise has been intimately con- God in Christ is the source of life we must en- nected with that expansion of European peoples deavor to make others aware of Him. If the Gosand cultures which has been such an outstanding pel is true it remains the obligation of each genfeature of the past four and a half centuries. eration of Christians, as it has since the very be- That expansion of Europe, however, is ceasing, ginning, to try to give that message to all their at least in its economic and political aspects. The contemporaries. If we Christians ever lose sight tide has, indeed, begun to recede. In the Far East of that objective, if we narrow the horizons of European supremacy is being effectively chal- our planning to anything less than the entire hu- lenged by the Japanese, and only somewhat less man race, then we are both recreant to our trust effectively by the Chinese and Filipinos. In and are tacitly admitting our lack of conviction as India Western political domination is passing. Of to the importance of the Gospel for ourselves. the major sections of the world, only in Negro Africa is the frontier of European dominion un- What ,the Watchword Means shaken and unthreatened. We now see that this recession of the wave of European conquest has This does not mean that we must abandon the about it an air of inevitability. Western peoples "intensive" and adopt once more the "extensive" could not permanently hold the remainder of the policy of a superficial broadcast preaching of the . world in subjection. Other peoples were certain Word and many small understaffed Christian sooner or later to acquire the machines and the centers. Nor does it mean that we must close our political and economic organization by which they eyes to what being Christian involves in trying to had been subdued. Christian missions, however, make the Gospel effective in the social, economic, inescapably feel the results of this decay of Euro- international, and interracial relations of life. We pean domination. The efforts we are making to must bear in w.ind future, unborn generations as transfer to "nationals" the control of the churches well as our own, and for their sakes we must do we have founded are merely one evidence of that all that we can to see that strong, intelligent Chris- associatiOIf. tian communities are developed in every land to carryon, in ever-growing power and with decreas- We must not too lightly assume, however, that ing foreign assistance, the Christian task. We the passing of Western political and economic must, too, if we really strive to love our neighbors, control means the end of Christian opportunity. The disintegration of non-European cultures con-

THE EVANGELIZATION OF THE WORLD IN THIS GENERATION

seek in every way possible to help them realize ested. The writer recently gave to the Student that fullness of life, free from debasing economic Volunteer Movement a copy of the pledge which conditions and soul-destroying enmities, which we reads: desire for ourselves as .we pursue it, the implications of our Christian calling become ever more We hold ourselves willing and desirous to do the Lord's complex and far-reaching. work wherever He may call us, even if it be in a foreign land.

It does mean, however, that we must never al- Under this pledge are the names of thirty-four low present discouragements or apathy to narrow girls. Grace Wilder, our gifted and consecrated our horizons. We must continue to plan with the leader, served in India; Elizabeth Post, at Graaf whole world in view. We must not be content to RO.eiPnreets,tSoonu, t1h88A2f-r8i9c;a;anadlsoAninnaSoCu. tCh uAmfmricinag, sM, 'a8r3y, see Christians acknowledge, even tacitly, that any who was Vice-Principal and Principal of Huguehuman being exists who does not need the Chris- not Seminary, Wellington, South Africa, where tian Gospel or who does not possess an inalien- her service was lifelong; Mattie Pixley, '86, who able right to hear it. Nor must we ever be will- joined her parents in East Africa; Carrie Koering supinely to consent to compromises with a ner, '85, later Mrs. Lyman P. Peet, of Foochow, pagan faith or manner of life. We cannot com- China for twenty-eight years; Mary Hall, '83, pletely withdraw from the world. In practice, taught at Constantinople College; Helen Flint therefore, we are often less than Christian in the also taught in Constantinople College; Emily Bismany institutions and contacts in which our com- sell, '83, gave forty-four years to India; Marie plex civilization binds us. To be content with Oldham's field was Poona, India. While Ellen being less than Christian, however, is to deny the Peet's name is not here, she was a member, who, faith. We must continue to be awake to the eter- as Mrs. George H. Hubbard, gave her life to China nal tension between our Christian principles and and was buried there after forty years of service. the less than Christian society in which we are More than thirty years of the writer's life were inextricably enmeshed. We must never be satis- spent in work for girls in the Near East, under fied until that tension is removed by that society becoming fully Christian. While we may not see the American Board. the evangelization of the world a reality in our Not all were called to foreign lands; some were generation, we cannot, if we are Christian, be content with planning for any lesser goal. Let us, called Up Higher to special service; others, to then, once more revive the slogan of other years, and add to it. service in the homeland. It would be impossible to count the years of foreign work or of useful labor in the homeland The Story of the Mount Holyoke Mis, which were given by the members of this M. H. sionary Association, 1878,1884 M. A. Not all names have been mentioned, but these will suffice to prove that the M. H. M. A. By MARY L. MATTHEWS, has a right to be called the predecessor of the Student Volunteer Movement. It is the under- Recently a Missionary of the American Board in Macedonia standing of the writer that Grace Wilder told her brother Robert to go to the Conference at Mount NEARLY half a. century has passed since the Hermon and organize the S. V. M. and she would founding of the Student Volunteer Move- be praying for him at home in Princeton, N. J. ment at a Conference at Mount Hermon, What her life has meant to the world in foreign Massachusetts. Dr. Robert Wilder and Rev. John missionary work and in turning others in that di- Foreman will always be honored for their con- rection, no human being can estimate. nection with the Movement from its beginning. Many missionaries went out from Mount Holy- Probably less than a score of persons now liv- oke Seminary in the years before the M. H. M. A. ing know that there was a forerunner of the S. was formed, but that organization gave an added V. M., dating from 1878 to 1884, at Mt. Holyoke impetus to the cause. A tablet on the wall of the Seminary. It was called the M. H. M. A., mean- College Library lists the missionaries who were ing the Mt. Holyoke Missionary Association. Here pupils in the first fifty classes of the school, and a band of girls formed what was probably the the writer counts it a high honor to be named on only secret society in the Seminary. that tablet. The names of foreign missionaries from the institution in its second fifty years are M. H. M. A. meetings were held on Sunday inscribed in a beautiful parchment book. afternoons, once a month, and little notice was taken of the girls as they. passed quietly into the The Student Volunteer Movement has rendered room. Members were recruited by personal in- immeasurable service to the wide world in recruit- ing missionaries from many institutions of learn- vitation to those who seemed likely to be inter- ing.

Preach the Good

From the Baccalaureate Sermon Preached to the Graduating Class of the Near East School of Theology By JAMES HOWDEN NICOL, Beirut, Syria PREACH the Gospel-this is the whole com- mankind throughout the world, to their food and mission and the charter of the messenger of clothing, their transport by land and sea and air, God. The commission was delivered by Christ all are the legitimate field of trade. Of course himself. It has been passed down the centuries trade is legitimate and essential, but it is some- through a great succession. The Gospel-the times so sinister as to slink into the forests of "good news" of God's loving interest in all men, Africa and South America and the islands of the a loving interest exhibited in the earthlyexperi- sea, and pillage and rape and even murder in its ences, the death, the resurrection, the revealing own interest; it may make the people virtual words of Jesus the Christ. This is the content. slaves; and such are the distances in time and And what is the spirit! Someone has said, "the space between the deed and those who are ulti- ministry dare not be a profession at all, it is a mately responsible for it, that even Christian peo- passion." The great apostle said "Woe is me if I pIe may profit from it, blinding their eyes. And preach not the Gospel." This ,is the passion. those who thus exploit life, are the first to oppose Now the preacher goes forth to preach, and the approach of our servant of God with his pas- what does he find? If the world were eager for sion to witness about the worth of the soul of man preaching, the world would not need it. Its need -his passion to tell the Good News of God's lov- is in proportion to its reluctance. Therefore the ing interest, his passion to tell of the abundant minister's passion must be sufficient to carry him life for rich and poor alike.

past and through the world's opposition and We are commended for saving little children; through this reluctance to hear the Word of God. from starving, when we give them cleansing, food, The world seems to be clear for every sort of clothing and shelter, but many dispute our right preaching except the preaching of the G0spel. to share with them our knowledge of the Friend The passion of the servant of God to spread his of little children. I can give them much that is wares seems alone to provoke a strange opposi- good, but I am told not to give them of my best- tion. A bright salesman of a new variety of soap, my passion is taboo.

or of a new excellence in cosmetics, or of new As to the reasons for this strange prohibition models in radios, or new streamlined autos, which too often inhibits our passion to proclaim arouses no resentment and no opposition, unless the Word of God, we might mention two or three.

from competitors in the same line. Unfortunately There is always opposition from those whose, the same is true of the spread of less harmless selfish aims are frustrated by the presence and the wares. A company of men can sit down to plan preaching of the true servant of God. This has a great crusade, to create a great slogan and se- always been so. And it will be so, so long as sin- lect a goal, which may be to "put a cigarette into ful men can exploit weakness and ignorance and the mouth of every man, woman and child in poverty. It was so in Paul's day when the preach- China," and from the world there is little but ing of the apostle interfered with trade in amulets praise for the clever and effective extension of and idols. Demetrius the silversmith and indi- trade. But for a company of men to sit down and rectly Alexander the coppermith had cause to be counsel how they may put the word of a new and angry. And it will always be so. One of the things abundant life into these same Chinese raises a about Jesus that caused bitter opposition to Him storm of protest. Extracting oil from under the was that because of Him the poor had the Gospel feet of the inhabitants of Persia and Irak is an preached to them, and it opened to them the pos- enterprise to command the admiration of the sibilities of personality that made oppression less world. But any suggestion for a more aggressive easy. This makes it one of the functions of the effort to share with Persians and Irakians this Christian sometimes to preach as did the forerun- Gospel of Christ, is met with coldness and suspi- ner of Jesus, John the Baptist, to stir up these cion. Men do not hesitate to use the influence of nests of poisonous vipers and make them flee from politics and government to gain their commercial the wrath to come. Any preacher should know ends. From the oil and minerals under the feet of that life round about him, with all its seeming [568 ]i fairness and beauty, is full of these. There were sists in sharing, and there must be a way whereby preachers in the days of Amos who gave their we can freely give our best. attention to those who oppressed the poor. So today these oppressors must be warned to flee Sometime ago a very earnest Moslem leader from the certain wrath to come. With this John turned impulsively to me, clasped my hand the Baptist preaching there must be the preaching and said: "Oh, my brother, would that you had of hope to the penitent-but until he becomes the joy that comes from allegiance to our Great penitent he will like neither the preaching nor Prophet." He was living the life of sharing. He the preacher. Today, he and his kind, operators should be free to do it everywhere. So should you of unfair homes, and unfair shops and unfair and so should 1. That is what makes a happy factories-will tell the preacher to keep still, or world. "Freely ye have received, freely give." worse, will tell him to prattle sweet nothings to soothe the souls of the oppressed and make them 3. A third phase of our life today that leads forget their wrongs. Shall I allow this to silence to the same difficulty is the growth all over the my voice, or limit my speech, to make the Word world of the intense nationalistic spirit, connected of God of none effect? in many places with a growing strictness and with serious limitations on the preaching of the Gospel. Religion and Religions The spirit regards such preaching as subversive of social peace and a proper patriotism. 2. A second inhibition comes from the distinction between religion and religions; from the What then shall we do with our commission and seeming necessity of respecting all religions, even our passion to preach? Well, men of God have at the cost of losing opportunities to share our always refused to be silenced or limited. Our own with others. In these Near Eastern lands, business is to introduce Jesus Christ to the world where the three great monotheistic faiths meet, which needs what He has to give-with no trapthe problem becomes most difficult, further in- pings of ecclesiasticism, or undue insistence on tensified by the divisions within the religions creeds and forms, but only as the Saviour from themselves, especially among those called Chris- sin and the Lord of Life. The chances are that tian. Because of this, the minister with the pas- trade, religions, nations will find benefit rather sion for witnessing is inhibited at the very start than injury from a greater knowledge of Jesus, from freely sharing his faith. He himself feels but that is not for us to judge. Men struggling it is not quite Christian to discount another per- with sin and wrong need him, and that is enough. son's religion; he naturally hesitates to break up Our passion is to share with all our knowledge of home allegiances even if Jesus did say that such a great Friend whom not to know is to suffer revolutions in family life were sure to follow the grievous loss. Now in this work of introduction preaching of the Gospel. Here in the Near East let us clearly understand two things: his hesitancy is increased by the fact that political and personal rights are linked up with religious Introducing Jesus, the Saviour allegiance, so that what was meant to be a simple relationship between the soul and God, becomes 1. Be sure that it is Jesus the Saviour whom a most complex thing, with courts and judges, you are introducing. Inevitably there comes the legal forms, sanctions entering in. All this has temptation to present Him so that He shall be brought extreme sensitiveness, tending to dis- attractive and undisturbing to the world as it is. courage the frank sharing of one's faith with During the Great War we even had Jesus preothers. sented as preaching the necessity of armaments. The minister of Christ, seeing the world as it We hear constantly that religion must be left is with its notions of success, its personal rivalout of account while we concentrate on "good ries, its material pride, its exclusiveness of feeling" and brotherhood. Nor is this confined to race and wealth, its changing philosophies and the Near East. Everywhere in the world there pyschologies, each having its vogue for a dayare praiseworthy attempts to bring about a spirit this Christian witness ashamed at the "foolishness of understanding between the Christians and the of preaching" this other worldly Gospel, shrinks Jews but such attempts may be so conducted as to from the thought of introducing Jesus to this leave the Saviour practically outside the door of world. Oh, that He had been more practical, more a good fellowship meeting. Surely no Christian sensible, more successful; less in the clouds and should hesitate to cooperate with high-minded more on the earth. Oh, that He had kept still men of every faith, but not at the cost of losing about some things that make Him so unacceptable his message. We should not be satisfied with a to life as it is! Surely He didn't mean all He said! world like that, an unprogressive world that So the Christian witness says to himself: "I'll does not admit of the free sharing of good gifts leave out this and I'll put the soft pedal on that, and good news with each other. True living con- and I will make Him more like the pattern of life as it is. Thus too often a strange person is being introduced, made up of partial views of the Christ,

the Great Saviour of the world, and being partial, ality. In some way or other these qualities must an insult to God and a tragedy to needy man. I be made to appear in the life of the witness in wonder if to such a witness God's word may not some degree. The great words must be embodied well apply, "I would that thou wert cold or hot, in a consistent life. It must never be truly said of but since though art neither cold nor hot I will us that our lives are so loud with the noises of the spew thee out of my mouth." world, that the people can hear nothing of His words through us. Living letters are we. What It is the whole Gospel, the whole Person, the do the people read as we pass by? whole Word, with all its implications, that is to be preached. Christ is not to be made acceptable There was a nobleman on his way to visit a to sinful man, but sinful man, seeing Him in all friend in the country. A servant was sent to meet His beauty is to be made acceptable to Him. the guest at the station and asked, "How shall I know him?" "You will see a tall man helping 2. Moreover preaching is not confined to spok- somebody." en testimony. Many discount the value of sermons today, saying that Christian living is pref- Here then is the servant of God with his COlllerable by far, and the less preaching the better. mission which is also his passion. Let us go into There is no need of praising or discounting either the quiet places with our Lord and Master to get to the detriment of the other. And yet the preach- the strength that is needed to preach the Gospel er does realize that the Saviour whom he presents to a needy world-the Gospel which is the "good to the world cannot be'exhibited as a visible and news" of God's loving interest, expressed in the tangible person. We know nothing of His person- fullness of Jesus Christ.

WHY SUPPORT CHRISTIAN MISSIONS?

Because I am a Christian, a member of the Church, which is the Body of Christ. Our Lord established the Church on earth to evangelize the world. If I do not work towards the purpose for which the Body was made, I have no right to membership in it.

Because as a representative of Christ my love must embrace all nations, all types of men as His does; my sympathy must have bounds as wide as His.

Because in these days civilization is reaching to the outposts of the world and changing the lives of even the most primitive races. Civilization emanates primarily from the white races of which I am a member. It brings disease and death and an overturning of age-long beliefs, and can only be a blessing to the world in so far as its power is used in the name of Christ.

Because every nation has a special gift to bring to the Church of God, and until all have made their contribution, the Church can never reach the fulness of its life.

HOW SUPPORT MISSIONS?

1. Consider the call to personal service abroad. I have no right to send others unless I myself am ready to go, if God demands this of me.

2. Pray for missions. My prayer must be intelligent and regular. I must pray not only for the world, but for individual missionaries and their work, and my prayer must be offered in certain expectation of a definite answer.

3. Give to missions. Money is a sacrament, inasmuch as the use of it is the expression of those things we believe to be most worth having. I must compare my personal expenditure with my gifts to God. I must compare my own circumstances with the needs of others. I must compare the help, sympathy, and skill that I can claim with the loneliness and suffering of others.

4. Study and learn. There can be no real prayer without knowledge, for without knowledge of the ·magnitude and glory of the work there can be no intelligent desire for its progress; and prayer to be effective, must be the outcome of intense desire.

5. Interest others. Therefore, I will ask God to cast out from me the dumb devil of false pride and false reserve and try by my own enthusiasm and willing sacrifice to win others to help in evangelizing the world.-From the Presbyterian Mission House, 16 Falkner Street, Liverpool, England.

Second Coming of

Does the Premillennial View Cut the Nerve of Missions?

By REV. HENRY W. FROST, D.D., Princeton, New Jersey Author of "The Second Coming of Christ",' American Home . Director Emeritus of the China Inland Mission I T IS not the man who determines his objective; His heavenly state. He was, in consequence, an the objective determines the man. Objectives incomplete and unperfected man, but, as he saw are fixed; it is the man who changes. Hence, Christ exalted and enthroned, he fell at His feet as a man thinketh, so he is; and, we may add- as dead and immediately became God's mightiest since a man thinks as he sees-as a man seeth, so seer and prophet. These were transformations he is. Let a man see small and he is small; let by objective, Paul and John and many another him see large and he is large. Let him see near New Testament saint being utterly and forever and he lives near; let him see far and he lives far. altered in character and purpose by looking upon Let him see earth and he is earthy; let him see Him whom to see is life indeed.

heaven and he is heavenly. Objectives are forma- It was in expression of this principle of transtive in their influence, transforming the watcher formation by objective that God set before Israel for woe or weal. Objectives, therefore, are pro- in Old Testament times the promise of a coming ducers of character; of whatever sort it is. Cer- Messiah. From the garden of Eden, when the tain men of old discovered that certain other men seed of the woman was predicted, to the Bethlewere Christlike. Their explanation was that they hem manger, when that seed was brought into had been with Jesus and in seeing Him had be- life and light, God, by all the enticements that He come like Him. could devise, sought to make men look up and on God recognized this principle in Old Testament to the coming of Him who should be called Wontimes. It was not enough for Him to create Adam derful, Counsellor, The mighty God, The everand Eve; in addition, He gave them an environ- lasting Father and The Prince of Peace. It was ment of "all things fair and beautiful." It was this objective which made Israel to differ from not enough to give them to see growing herbage the nations about her and enabled her to become of tender green and fruits and flowers; He gave a separated, holy and mighty nation. That statethem also the vision of the Lord Gop, who walked ment concerning Moses in Egypt, "He endured as with them in the cool of the evening of every seeing him who is invisible," is symptomatic, day. And thus, long later, He revealed Himself being the explanation of the miraculous fact that to Abraham, Moses, Isaiah and many others as Israel has never been assimilated or annihilated. the "Vision Beatific," the sight of whose person In spite of her blindness of heart, she has looked could lift the low to the high, the little to the for a King and a kingdom and so has been strong great, the self-centered to the ~.ltruistic. to endure.

It was this same principle of transformation by Now, it is to be noted that what God did for objective which was so powerfully operative in Israel, He has done for the Church. For He has New Testament times. Take, for instance, the set before His present people, a new and great man Saul, who became Paul: spiritually speak- objective that He may lure them by sight of the coming King and kingdom, to nO,ble purpose and ing, what a small-minded and small-souled man splendid action. He has been frank to tell them he was as he went on his way to Damascus. Of that hard tasks are required. But He has incited course, he thought he was large and great, with them to undertake and accomplish these by the letters in his saddle-bag from the influential San- very splendor of the ultimate in view. As to the hedrin and with the mighty purpose in his breast outcome, think of these statements of the apostle of haling men and women and committing them Paul: to prison. But God suddenly gave him to see himself as he was by showing him Jesus as He was, Do ye not know that the saints shall judge the world? and from that moment Paul was transformed . ….. Know ye not that we shall judge angels? from the paltry. persecutor of Christians into the great apostle to the Gentiles. And think of that other statement made by the apostle John, Or take, f or m· stance, J 0 hn the apostIe wh0 had givIesnawunthtorotnheesman..d.t.h.e.yansdattuhpeoyn ltihveemd aanndd jurediggmneedntwwiaths seen Jesus on earth but had never seen Him in Christ a thousand years.

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Such VISIOns of future power and glory are universal kingdom. That was premillennial teach- almost overwhelming! And yet God gives them ing and it then and there changed the whole cur- to us. Moreover and above all, He grants us to rent of my life, for I saw that riches, music, foresee the future, infinite exaltation of Christ as literature and other like things were desirable, King of kings and Lord of lords. And all this is but very secondary, and that the one great ob- to constrain us to gaze upon the glory that ex- jective in life was to prepare the way for the celleth in order that we may pass from glory unto coming of the King. The result was that I gave glory. Israel had a great vision set before her, a my life to missions, and to foreign missions, that babe, a man, a cross, an atoning death, a resurrec- I might do my small part in gathering out God's tion and an ascension. Powerful was the influence elect against the day of Christ's return. Since of this sight upon those who had eyes to see. But then I have become acquainted with hundreds of God has placed before us "the vision magnifical," great and good men in England, America and a coming, a throne, a crown, a scepter, a King, a other lands, who have gone through a somewhat kingdom; and he bids us visualize these things similar experience and have confessed that the that something of their luster and power may fall dedication of their lives to the cause of Christian upon us. missions, at home or abroad, was largely brought The writer of these lines believes in the pre- to pass by the acceptance of premillennial truth.

millennial second coming of Christ. But he would Indeed, I have reason to believe that literally thou- not say that the premillennialists are the only sands of men and women have gone forth into Christians who have an inspirational objective the darkest and hardest places of the earth, con- before them. The postmillennialist looks for the strained by the hope of hastening the coming of personal return of Christ and for a kingdom the Lord. Mr. Hudson Taylor once told me that which, through Gospel preaching, will be estab- the premillennial view was the inspiration of his lished on the earth. And the amillennialists look life and had been the chief incitement that had for a personal return of Christ and a kingdom taken him to China and had led him to form the which will be realized in heaven through the eter- China Inland Mission. Most of his followers have nal ages. By the token of sanctified lives, all the been like their leader, for the large majority of world knows that hundreds of these saints, as the over one thousand missionaries connected with they have looked upon the face of their Lord, have the Mission are in China today largely because been irradiated by the light that comes from His they are looking and waiting for the advent of the person. Moreover, men recognize the fact that Christ.

this light, in the persons of these saints, has been While premillenarians would not compare them- shed abroad into most of the dark places of the selves with others, and would not criticize those earth, until tens of thousands of those who were who differ from them in respect to prophetic dwelling in midnight gloom have come to know truth, they harbor the conviction that premillen- that the splendor of God's sunrising has shone nial views hav.e given them certain important and even upon them. So then, it is our conviction that precious outlooks. I have no right to speak for true Christians who look by faith upon the glory others in this particular, and yet I may venture of the Lord are, each in his own measure, trans- to classify their thoughts somewhat as follows: formed both in life and service. First, this doctrine has made Christ nearer and But the writer cannot leave the subject just dearer to them, and His promised coming more here, for his experiences have been too deep and long to allow him to pass lightly over the value of realized and desired; second, it has given to them premillennial truth, and this as related to mis- a sense of spiritual proportions which they might sions. I well remember the day in Attica, New not otherwise have had, wherein the things which York, when Dr. William J. Erdman expounded to are seen are temporal and the things which are me the meaning of Nebuchadnezzar's dream as not seen are eternal; third, it has developed withrecorded in the ,second chapter of Daniel. I was in them the consciousness that there is only one a young man then-it was forty-nine years ago- thing really worth living for, namely, the gatherand filled with earthly ambitions, to be rich, to ing out, the world over, of the elect of God in excel in music, and to make my name known as a order that the way of the Lord may be prepared; writer, with little thought of saving souls of men fourth, it has formed within them the conviction at home or abroad. But the good Doctor showed that the only-hope of the Church in her pathetic me that God's objective in the present age was weakness, and of the nations in their pitiable disthat of making the Stone smite the image of the tress, is in the coming of the King, the establishnations until it should become a great mountain, ment of His visible kingdom and the dispensing filling the whole earth. This, my friend said, of law and justice such as no king, queen, presi- pointed to the coming of Christ, the subduing of dent or judge has ever been able to bring to pass; His enemies and the setting up on earth of His and lastly, it has given them a desire, and with

WHEN THE DEACON TALKED IN CHURCH

some a veritable passion of longing, to see the With such facts before us, and with the added wrong that was done to Jesus Christ when He was fact that it is indisputable that a large part of here on earth, wholly and forever righted, and the peoples of the earth has been evangelized by this in the very places where He was defamed and those who believe in the premillennial return of dishonored, which is His most just due. This, as a Christ, it seems almost puerile to ask, "Does the total, is the great objective which premillenari- premillennial view cut the nerve of missions?" ans believe God has placed before them, and they Manifestly, it never has; and if those who have as find it uplifting and transforming in all the va- their objective the glorious and impending appearrious walks of life. It is this objective that lures ing of Christ will continue to walk with Him who, them onward and outward as evangels of the King in promising to come again, commanded that His and the kingdom, for in thus doing they seek to gospel should be preached to every creature, it "occupy" till Christ shall come. never will.

When the Deacon Talked in Church * ====;;;;;!JI~- -··+ilfIl!.1=====B;;;;y;;;;W;;;;I;;;;L;;;;LI;;;;A;;;;M=T;;;;.;;;;G;;;;U;;;;N;;;;N;;;;'

IT WAS a warm Sunday in June, and our for- Then he prayed. The choir didn't sing that day, eign missionary sermon was to be given. But but the organ played while the collection was be- we had slept, I may say, through both sermon ing taken. Old Deacon Bright got up to pass the and offering many a time before. The sermon plate on his aisle. He was as fine a man as you didn't seem different from usual; but it just hap- could meet in a day's journey-as good a neighbor pened to come home to the deacon. The preacher and as honest a man as ever lived. He owned a took for his text the verse about, "Go ye into all good two-hundred acre farm, and had a fine family the world and preach the Gospel to every crea- -all members of the church. Jim ran the farm; ture"; and he dwelt on the "go ye." He said it Jack, the second boy, was just ready to go to coldidn't say anything about taking up a collection, lege; and Mary had her diploma as teacher, and but it did say to go, and that the Lord would never was studying to be a nurse. The mother, too, was be satisfied until we went. as fine a woman as you could find anywhere.

Most of us hadn't ever given much, only just The old deacon had been getting considerably enough to look respectable when the plate was deaf of late years, and always sat alone in the ·passed. But the preacher showed us that this front pew. He seemed to be sort of dreaming over command, "Go ye," meant just what it said, and the sermon; for as he rose to get the collection that everybody was included. I always thought plate he began to talk out loud to himself. As far that there was some special kind of call that came as I can recollect, this is what he said: to one here and another there; and that only those who felt the call had to be missionaries. But he "So that 'go ye' means me and everyone of us; said that wasn't in the Bible, and that everybody this is the Lord's plate, and what we put in is was commanded to "go"-unless they had a spe- our substitute for going ourselves; it shows how cial call to stay at home. Even then they were much we love Him and how much we are worth bound to do their best to find a substitute to go to Him, if we don't go ourselves." for them, and to help everyone to go that could. He asked us how we would feel if we hadn't any He went to the back seat, and passed the plate. Christ to go to for forgiveness of our sins, or for The back seats are always full of young men, and help in our trials, or strength against temptations, as they put their money on the plate the old man or comfort in sorrow, or guidance in perplexity; went on: "Twenty-five cents from Sam Jones. no Christ to tell us how to live here, or to tell us My boy, you'd been worth more than that to the about the love of God, and where our loved ones Lord. Ten cents from David Brown, five from went at death. This is what makes life so dark Tom Stone, and nothing from Steve Jackson; and hard to the heathen. In our gifts the preacher forty cents for four boys, and everyone of them told us to think of the Lord's command to us and could go, too; and they's worth at least twentythe heathen's need for us to go. five dollars a week each to their fathers, and only forty cents to the Lord." • Condensed from an old leallet printed by the Ringe Missionary Literature Committee. In the next pew sat Mr. Allen and his family. Mr. Allen put on a dollar for the family, and the old deacon moved away, saying, "The Lord died

for the wife and little ones too, but they have noth- too, on the plate, wife. Jim, my boy, you'd be ing to give." worth far more than that to the Lord." Jack and In front was Judge Purvis with his wife and Mary sat in the choir. two daughters. "Less than the price of one of your dinners down town; half the cost of that So the old man went on from pew to pew until pair of gloves you wear; almost as much as you he came to the front again; and there he stood spent for ice cream last week; one box of candy," for a moment, the plate in his left hand, fumbling were the deacon's comments as the coins fell from in his vest pocket. But he said, "No, that isn't the hands of the judge and family. enough, Lord; you ought to get more than that; you've been very good to me." He put the plate Then farmer John Robb put on a bill rolled up, down, and, taking out an old leather wallet, and Mrs. Robb put on another; Johnnie Robb, a counted out some bills on the plate, and said: "I little envelope bulging with coppers; Maggie am sorry, Lord, I didn't know you wanted me to helped the baby to put on another gift; and the go. Jim will keep mother and me on the farm, old deacon said, "God bless them." now we're getting old; but I won't keep Jack back any longer, and Mary's been wanting to go, too, We were all listening by this time, though we only I wouldn't let her; take them both, Lord." didn't dare to turn round, and lots of us were mighty glad the deacon wasn't taking up the col- Then the old man sat down and buried his face lection in our aisle. in his hands.

John McClay's pew came. "Worth a dollar a Deacon Wise jumped up, and said, "Pastor, we year to the Lord, and two thousand a year to him- haven't done our duty, and we know it. Let's take self," said the deacon. "Seventy-five dollars for up the collection again next Sunday." A chorus a bicycle and twenty cents for the Lord don't of Amens came from all over the church. match, Tommy McClay. Miss Eden, it looks queer for a hand with a hundred dollar ring to drop five The pastor got up, with tears in his eyes, and cents on the plate. said: "My friends, I haven't done all I could, either. I want to give more next Sunday, and I'll "Less than last year, James Stevens, but the give my boy, too." Lord bless you, too. A new house for yourself and an old quarter for your Lord, Alec Bovey. Then we sang a hymn as we closed, but it sounded different than it ever had sounded be- "God bless you, Mrs. Dean. You take in wash- foreing and can give five dollars to the Lord! What! and Minnie has some, too, and wee Bobbie. Love so amazing, so divine, Demands my soul, my life, my all.

"Fifty, seventy-five, eighty-five, ninety; ah, The organist said she believed it went through your dinner will cost more than you have given, the roof, and I guess God thought so too. Mr. Steele. A bright, new dollar bill, and spread out, too, Mr. Perkins; ninety-five cents was for The old deacon felt pretty bad when he found show. A check from Mr. Hay. It'll be a good one, out how his daydreaming had been done aloud; too, because he gives a tenth to the Lord. Two and one or two felt pretty hard at first, but they· dollars from you, Harry Atkins, is a small gift to knew that what he said was true. the Lord that healed your dear wife. That was what started our missionary church, "Ah, Kitty Hughes, that fifty cents never cost and we've kept on ever since. Fourteen members you a thought, and you Marian, only a quarter, of our Christian Endeavor Society have gone out and you could both 'go ye' and support yourselves as missionaries in the last five years-six of our . . . . . . Five cents from the father and a cent each best young men and eight of our brightest girls.

from the family; John Hull and family don't seem Jack Bright? He married the organist, and to love the heathen very hard …… Ah, Mrs. Mc- they are out on the border of Tibet, where his Rimmon, that means a good deal to you; the Lord medical skill is winning a way for Christ. Mary keep you till you join your good man that's gone Bright married the minister's son, and they went . . . . . . Charlie Baker, and you too, Effie; I doubt to Africa. The old deacon has gone to his rest if the Lord will take any substitute for you. Noth- now. I wish we had more like him.

ing from you, Mr. Cantile? not interested, I I have two of my own boys in the work, one in s'pose. Heathens at home; perhaps you're one of India and another in China, and another is get- them. ting ready to go. My name? John Donald. You're "Five cents, Mr. Donald. I don't think you'd laughing? Yes, I was the one that gave only five· want to put that in the Lord's hand; and you, Mr. cents that day; what the old man said about put- Jenkins, no more." ting it into the Lord's hand stuck to me. But I The old man came to his own pew, and as his hope to give the Lord a boy or girl for everyone wife put in an envelope, he said: "Ah, Mary, I ·of those five cents. My two youngest are talking am afraid, my dear, we've been robbing the Lord about going already" You see, the Lord said, "Go all these years. We ought to put Jack and Mary, ye"; so we're going.

of a

-<tUf11 By R. c. TILLINGHAST, New York 11)Be- I LOOKED fondly at my bookshelves. I had been some books in the hospital, where, "men have lain reading of missionaries abroad as well as in for days without a thing to read." Do you know the United States who are far from public of closet shelves loaded with the accumulation of libraries and have very few books and periodicals. a year or more? It is as easy to send them to him They are hungry for such literature but are unable as to your next town and costs little more. Is it to buy. As I looked, the pleasant feeling of pos- not better to use one's own head and heart in session turned to uneasy discomfort as I became choosing various destinations than even to use the conscious that I was a miser, for a miser is one Salvation Army where you can not know how they who hoards what he does not need. My embar- are disposed? rassment increased as I thought how superior a book-lover should be to the selfishness of one who Why save things you will never use? hoards mere money. The feeling grew until I From a college of the Reformed Church in resolved to "bring forth 'books' meet for repent- Europe a professor, who is also an editor and an ance." Some resulting experiences have been so author, writes: "My college has lost all its funds, stimulating as to almost free me from the selfish only the buildings being left …… we cannot order habit of keeping books. Some of these may serve foreign papers …… a real treat to us ……hunothers as an antidote to this seductive habit. gry and thirsty for the best literature." Probably the libraries of clergymen contain a A missionary, who is so far up country in China larger percentage than others of books which are that it took 41 days for his letter to reach me, has valueless beCause they are as out-of-date as last written to thank me heartily for some second- year's newspaper. Had these books been passed hand reading matter. He tells about passing it on when new they might have been useful to many. on and on, speaks of how the cuts in the budget I know of widows who are burdened with inherhave forced them to "dispense with what are really ited libraries which cannot be sold for an aggrenecessities, but commonly are regarded as lux- gate of five cents per volume. There is no such uries-books and periodicals." He tells of a book thing as posthumous generosity. I remember no club through which, "If your friends can spare a promise of blessing or thanks for what is bebook of travel, discussion or (even) fiction ….. . queathed. It seems wise right now to avail ourit will reach over fifty people here and in other selves of the blessing referred to in Acts 20: 35. cities." The young people among whom he works That passage is not generally believed, for if we are "keenly interested." It costs less to mail to believed it we would Jive up to it. The mail, home him a book weighing two pounds than to send it and foreign, brings proof that it is true. I will be glad to assist any penitent like myself to Oregon. who has difficulty in starting a list of donees. By contrast, I saw in a friend's apartment rows The scheme is simple and costs only it few cents now and then for postage. Just take a book from and rows of books which are seldom if ever dis- the shelf, put it in an ordinary manila envelope, turbed except to dust them. The fact that some put on that your return address, and "Secondare handsomely bound and a few were gifts hurts hand Book. No commercial value." Erase any no one but a book-miser like myself. A library notes which may make it liable for a higher rate which was intended as a "lyceum" may become of postage; address it to an appropriate recip- ient; attach llhc for each two ounces for foreign, a "mausoleum." or parcel post rate for domestic, and drop it into the Our sailors and marines on various foreign sta- mail box. Then go out and tell some other miser all about it and laugh at the glassy stare you tions are very likable boys. One of the duties of receive. the chaplains is to provide for the reading-room. From an oriental port where we have about 1,800 of them, "Private Elwin C. Weston" writes of distributing some back numbers of magazines and He that is mastered by Christ is the master of every circumstance. Does the circumstance press hard against you? Do not push it away. It is the potter's hand. Your mastery will come, not by arresting its progress, but by enduring its discipline, for it is not only shaping you into a vessel of beauty and honor, but it is making your resources available.

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Medical Needs of the Negroes*

By ANDREW H. CARNEGIE ~- Secretary of the Negro National Hospital Fund .nA .DEQUATE hospital facilities for the Negroes A National Board of Trustees of this Fund has in America constitute a great and crying been organized, with Mr. George E. Wibecan as need, not only for the sake of the Colored Vice-President and Rev. Amos H. Carnegie, race but for the welfare of the White race as well. Executive Secretary. The movement will be in- To supply this need the Negro National Hospital corporated as soon as the other officers have been Fund has recently been initiated, the purpose of elected. This movement is an interracial coopera- which is the establishment of a standard hospital tive enterprise. From all indications the White in every city, where there are 10,000 or more and Colored races are destined to live together.

members of the Negro race. This plan has already It is, therefore, of mutual interest to both groups won the endorsement of the American Hospital that the health of all be the best, for if one is dis- Association, The American Medical Association, eased, it will not be long before others are dis- The American College of Surgeons, The National eased and endangered, regardless of efforts to Hospital Association (a Negro association) and prevent it. Dr. B. C. H. Harvey, of the University of many well known leaders in education, busi- of Chicago Medical School, quoting from the ness, State and Church. United States Public Health Bulletin 174, for Dr. Bert W. Caldwell, Executive Secretary of 1928, says: the American Hospital Association, is deeply in- The mortality among Negroes in cities of the United terested in the problem and has given advice and States is 187 per cent of the mortality among Whites, and encouragement to the movement. in the rural areas it is 149 per cent. As compared with the death rate for the white population, that of Negroes Dr. William J. Walsh, former Executive Secre- from malaria is 344 per cent; pellagra, 327 per cent; tary of The American Hospital Association, has tuberculosis, 236 per cent; typhoid, 174 per cent; puerthis to say: "The need for adequate provision for peral sepsis, 170 per cent; lobar pneumonia, 166 per cent; the hospitalization of the Colored people when Whooping cough, 162 per cent; gastric ulcer, 154 per cent. required, at a cost within their means, is acute These are the diseases that swell the Negro death rate, in almost all localities where there are large num- and they are diseases which can for the most part be prebers of these people; I am convinced that if the vented or cured. Their prevalence among Negroes indi- cates a deplorable lack of medical and sanitary care and leaders among the Negro group will take the ini- education.

tiative in a movement to remedy this deplorable Whatever improvement of a lasting nature situation, the aid of many sympathetic white peo- comes to members of the Negro race must come ple will be soon secured." Mr. Alden B. Mills, as a result of their own initiative. In spite of Managing Editor of The Modern Hospital, which their poverty, they should lead in an effort to solve is regarded as the greatest hospital magazine in their own problems and we believe that $150,- America, said: 000,000 can be raised in twenty years almost alto- gether by Negroes giving on an average of one One of the most pressing social needs in this country at cent per week. the present time is for better facilities for the hospital care of Negroes and for the education and training of The promoters of the movement propose to call Negro physicians who shall be competent to bring to the members of their race the best fruits of modern medical on the Colored pastors throughout the country, science. In so far as the Negro National Hospital Fund who are the recognized leaders of the race, to rally is able to meet these pressing social needs it will assist in one hundred per cent behind the movement and elevating the living standards of a large and important allow the use of the 42,600 Colored churches as body of our citizens. By providing opportunities for professional activity among members of their own race for collecting centres.t the ablest Negro youth, the movement will help to solve t A strong steel bank, provided with a Yale lock will be placed the economic problem which has been the root of some of our racial difficulties and conflicts. If wisely and intel- In each church and the key placed in the hand of the banker with ligently administered, this movement deserves every whom the church dOes business. From week to week the members of the church will deposit their contributions in this bank and each success. member of the church is to make himself a committee of one to win one unchurched individual to Christ, to the program of the local * The Negro National Hospital Fund is a movement founded by church and to the program of The Negro National Hospital Fund. The movement will seU this idea to the pastors and the pastors in the Rev. Amos H. Carnegie, a Methodist Episcopal minister of the turn will seU it to the people, for, after aU, whatever improvement East Tennessee Conference, who was released from the pastorate on comes to the race, must come through the leadership of the pastors. October last and sent out by Bishop WaUace E. Brown of the At the end of each month, a hospital committee, which will be or- Chattanooga Area, to give himself to the realization of his dream ganized in each locality, will take the bank to the banker, have him of adequate hospitalization of the Negro race in America and open it before them, count the contents, buy a cashier's check with proper training for Negro physicians, nurses and social workers. the amount, and send it to the treasurer in New York, who will be The movement Is nonsectarian, but Christian and humanitarian. an outstanding banker.

[5761. While the hospitals will be interracial in man- ment in one payment and get rid of it. Very few agement, until the Negro race becomes capable of people will pay one cent a week. If we can just managing them, they will be owned by the Colored see that the thing is going, twelve millions of us people and managed in the highest interest of all will put it over in a little while."

by their duly elected trustees and their successors. The following are some of the blessings which The whole enterprise will be legally arranged may be expected to come to the Negro race if the from the very start so that it will be impossible program of the National Negro Hospital Fund is for any group of individuals to deprive the race of successfully carried out: their institutions. It will offer high training to Negro physicians, We hope not only to open doors of opportunity nurses and social workers. This will be accom- for the highest training within the realm of the plished by the help of medical schools of the North, medical science to Negro medical students, by af- East, and West, in which physicians will receive filiating fifteen teaching hospitals with as many their clinical training. Each of these medical of the great medical schools of the North, East schools will be asked to take a quota of Negro and West, but to offer them, after they have fin- medical students who exhibit the highest scholas- ished their training, standard hospitals which tic ability, moral character and lofty ambitions.

shall be modern in physical set-up and scientific It will open a door of opportunty for hospital equipment, so that every new discovery or inven- practice and administrative leadership in standtion, contributory to the conservation of health, ard hospitals to Negro physicians, nurses and so- will be placed at their disposal. Sound moral cial workers, which opportunities are beyond character, unquestionable skill and unselfish ap- their reach today. proach to the problem of medical care will be the It will open a door in the clerical field to the unalterable prerequisites of every physician who women of the Negro race to serve as bookkeepers, aspires to a place on the staffs of the hospitals and stenographers and typists, which is closed to them every hospital is to be imbued with the spirit of today. service. It will reduce the enormous death rate in the White leaders in every walk of life are not pre- Negro race, which runs as high as from ten to pared to share the privileges of their institutions twenty times in some sections of the United States with the Negro race socially, economically and higher than for the White population, according culturally, but they are prepared to encourage and to statistics from a very reliable source. assist the Negro to develop his own institutions It will teach the Negro race that they must and derive therefrom the training in independence and self-determination, without which the experi- paddle their own canoe and not look helplessly ence and discipline of life cannot be acquired. to others to do for them that which they can do for themselves. There is a new day ahead for the Negro race, but it must come from within. The Negro must It is estimated that the seventy-six hospitals to decide what he wants and then he must go out and be established throughout the country by the Fund get it. He must learn to exercise rigid economy, will give employment to from 30,000 to 40,000 thrift, simple habits of life. He must begin at Colored people. the very bottom and through a process of Christian education, based upon the impregnable Rock The Negro race will follow honest and unselfish of Truth, as Gladstone called the Bible; through Negro leadership. They want a practical program that has as its objective the uplift of the masses.

the development of rugged character, such as is inspired by hardships; through hard persevering "Don't waste your time in longing for great impos- toil, which is the price of real progress; through sible things, honest, virtuous living, which is the secret of Don't sit supinely yearning for the swiftness of every great people; through peaceful organiza- angels' wings; tion and collective planning; through unselfish Don't spurn to be a candle because you're not a and patriotic leadership in the pulpit, in the class- star, room and in every walk of life, he must forge his But brighten some bit of darkness by shining way forward, and, by God's good grace, he may where you are.

yet teach a lesson of far-reaching importance, not There is need of the tiniest candle as well as the only to this country, but to the entire world. giant sun, Everywhere the colored people of the United The humble deed is ennobled when it is worthily States have manifested keen, fervid interest in done.

the Negro National Hospital Fund. They see in You may never be called to brighten the darkened it the beginning of the physical salvation of the regions afar Negro race, and they promise to rally to it. One So fill, for this day, your mission by shining just man said: "I will payoff my twenty-year assess- where you are." -E. A. Guest.

Dividends in West Africa*

Reported by MRS. EDWIN COZZENS, Elat, Cameroun CARPENTERS, tailors, mechanics, shoemak- must go on to the next town the Spirit of God ers, sawmen, masons and apprentices they would remain to convict the man of sin. Three are usually called; but for the month of days later this obdurate father sought out the July (1933) they were evangelists. The Frank nearest evangelist saying, "I can't eat, I can't J ames Industrial School was closed down in so sleep. My heart keeps saying, 'Repent! Repent!'

far as was possible so that one hundred and Here are my fetishes. I will trust in Jesus."

twenty of the graduate employees and the appren- *** tices might, at their own expense, devote them- "Don't waste your time talking to me. I'm all selves as Christians to the business of winning right. Why, I beat the drum for all the meetings men and women to Christ. July was preceded by in the chapel and I put money in the collection intensive Bible study and many hours o'f prayer and do all the things I should. Go hunt the bad as part of the preparation for the adventure to people."

which we all looked forward. "But the evangelists would not leave such a A prayer meeting at dawn was the start, and man without expounding to him the third and from there the men went in groups to their des- fourth chapters of Romans, "We have all come tinations as far as thirty, even sixty miles out on short of the glory of God; we are justified freely the many paths radiating from Elat. Returning by His grace. Where is boasting then? It is ex- four weeks later, a report hour was held in the cluded by the law of faith." .

Elat Church. Thus another man moved his house from the "We did not experience what we expected," re- sand onto the Rock.

ported Simon Nna Nsim for his group, "but great *** joy far surpassing anything we had believed. Only "We heard that you Tellers-of-the-Good-News the words of the one hundredth Psalm can express were coming but we don't want to hear your Good our joy and thanks." These industrial-evangelists News in this town."

had seen the power of God triumph over many "But we've come to be your guests!" That was untouchable hearts. an arrow which lodged in the most vulnerable "Don't talk to me about God. He killed my wife; point of a Bulu man's pride. So, they broke bread He killed each one of my four children. I was together-Bulu bread, and finally, "Living Bread born into the world an innocent babe; it is He which came down from heaven; if any man eat who should make peace with me, not I with Him." of this bread, he shall live forever."

The evangelists did their best to show the poor *** man that God gave His only Son to bring to us life, abundant life, everlasting life. They talked "You won't find any men in the next town. long and earnestly, reading from the open Testa- They were going off to repair their stretch of ments in their hands; but felt that they had ut- road." terly failed. During the middle of the night one of the group was awakened by this same bereaved The industrial-evangelists went off to the inman who said, "I cannot sleep for my heart tells dustrious road makers. me that it is I who have done wrong, not God." And there, deep in the night, this Nicodemus was "Greetings, brothers!" born again into the tribe of God's children. "Greetings! But we've no time to talk to you today. The policeman is going to put us in jail if we don't finish our road." "Sure enough, and he will. We'd better help *** you." The evangelists set such a pace for work They did their best to present Jesus as the Way, that the townsmen were soon leaning on their the Truth and the Life to a man sitting by his shovels gasping for breath. Ashamed to have own fire. They made one final entreaty before their volunteer helpers outdo them, they kept at leaving his house to which he replied again, "I their job. Soon they suggested going back to refuse. I absolutely refuse!" Immediately his their town to eat, inviting their helpers to accomlittle daughter cried out to him, "0, my father, pany them. "There are no lunch counters in the I'm only a child but I know that God IS. Don't jungle; food had to be prepared. The soul win- refuse, don't refuse!" ners reached into their pockets and laid before the The hearts of these soul winners were troubled hosts that Word which is the Life and the Light for this father and they gathered the next morn- of all men. Into five of those darkened hearts ing before daybreak to pray that even though they that Light shone that morning and Life became • C<Jndensed from The Drum Call, Elat, Cameroun. their life.

[578 ]

WHAT'S RIGHT WITH THE RURAL CHURCH

A leading citizen, a graduate of their own in- out ceasing unto God." At daybreak they began dustrial school, had reverted to polygamy, influ- again to revisit the town. By nightfall twenty encing his whole town in his downfall. All day souls had been won for the Lord whom they had long a group of ten had visited in his town with- trusted. out arousing one spark of interest; without winning one soul for their Lord who had been so Weare told that there is joy in the presence of dishonored by one of their own alumni. What to the angels of God over one sinner that repenteth. do? Go on and mark that day down as a failure? We dare, then, to call you, who have sacrificed No! Prove God to be a living God. The ten evan- that the work of Christ in many lands might not gelists found a house in which they could all sleep be crippled, to rejoice with us over the twentytogether. They divided into four groups, the night three hundred and thirty-two lost sheep who were into four watches; and "prayer was made with- found by these jungle business-men-evangelists during the month of July, 1933.

What's Right With the Rural Church By RALPH A. FELTON, Ph.D., Madison, N. J.

Professor of Rural Sociology, Drew University O NE day while talking with a man in Roch- three thousand counties have from a dozen to ester, New York, I was told that there seventy-five boys in reform schools at a cost of would be no country churches left in Amer- six or seven hundred dollars each per year. Crime ica in ten years. This man said he knew what he is expensive in more ways than one.

was talking about for as a traveling salesman he A high school girl in a rural village was on the spent all of his time visiting churches. verge of being arrested for delinquency. A Sun- This was ten years ago, and I can't see any de- day s~hool teacher took time off from her busy crease in country churches. The 101,000 rural life to win the girl's affection and enlist her in churches in America are, in fact, stronger than Christian living. As a result she is now in college they were ten years ago. Other institutions and preparing for worth-while service.

agencies have come and gone, but the rural church The church is saving countless young people is still the farmers' most loved institution. What from reaping the wages of sin, and at the same makes the church live on through periods when time saving law abiding citizens from paying the other agencies disappear? cost of crime.

The Grange is a powerful force in rural Amer- The church is our most effective missionary ica, with 8,000 units and 700,000 members who institution. Who ever heard of a shipload of are a real social and educational factor in Ameri- Rotarians sailing off to New Guinea or Burma can life. It is the only secret institution to which to give their lives to teach the ideals and prin- the fathers and mothers both belong. But on ciples of Rotary! Today 7,000 missionaries of "Grange Night" the children are left at home. In the church are preaching the Gospel in China, most states the father leaves all of the family at 6,000 are proclaiming "the Christ of the Indian home when he attends the Farm Bureau or a meet- Road," 3,000 more are at work in South America ing of his Cooperative. Rotary, Kiwanis, Zonta and as many in Africa. The church is our only and other service clubs take father or mother, but institution whose members are concerned enough not both and never the children. The girls may for its teachings to carry its message to the ends attend the Camp Fire Girls, and the boys may be- of the earth.

long to the 4-H Club or the Scouts. The church Life on the farm often becomes humdrum. The is the only institution to which the whole family dairy cows do not take a vacation. Canning sea- may belong and which all can attend. In these son in the farm kitchen comes just when a trip to days when so many things tear the family apart, the seashore is most needed. But the Christian the church is still a family institution. It is of message in the church lifts our horizon from interest to all ages; it serves all; it unites all. monotonous chores and limited fields and stifling We hear and talk much today about a "crime kitchen, so that we become a part of God's great wave." It has been estimated that the average universe. We thus renew our faith in Christ and family pays thirty dollars a year in taxes to care become more loyal and effective in carrying out for our delinquents and criminals. Each of our His program for a better world.

A Woman of Ten

, An Appreciation of Helen Barrett Montgomery I -ef I By Her Friend, LUCY W. PEABODY, Orlando, Florida Jie- I FIRST met Helen Barrett Montgomery nearly team in their home, in their church and in social fifty years ago at a missionary meeting. Since life. Mr. Montgomery had a large Bible class of then I have known intimately the life and won- men and was respected for his sterling character derful accomplishments of this great and noble and business ability. These won for him wealth leader. Young, beautiful, radiant with a com- in his latter days, so that these two magnificent pelling appeal, her greeting to me, a young mis- stewards had the joy of giving largely for the sionary just home from India, was that of a highest ends.

friend, not a stranger. We both lived in Roches- Helen Barrett Montgomery was an educator ter, and met often. Later, as Secretary of the more than a mere teacher. After a year of teach- Woman's American Baptist Foreign Missionary ing in Philadelphia, she married, and then began Society, of which Mrs. Montgomery was a mem- her life, chiefly given to Christian and missionary ber, I realized the great power of this young col- education. In 1900, the year of the Ecumenical lege woman, a graduate of Wellesley, and much in Conference in New York, Women's Boards of Mis- demand for lectures before women's clubs, politi- sions formed a committee to prepare books for cal groups and college societies. united study of foreign missions. Following the Her home education was remarkable. Her fa- founder of that committee, Miss Abbie B. Child, ther, head of a boys' school, and later pastor of a I served from 1902 to 1930 as Chairman. During great Baptist church in Rochester, gave Helen her those twenty-eight years we were fortunate to sekeen intellectual inheritance. Her mother, .a bril- cure Mrs. Montgomery as author of six study liant, delightful personality, with a wide range of books: "Christus Redemptor," a study of the Is- interests-primarily in the church-endowed her land World; "Western Women in Eastern Lands,"

daughter with charm, versatility and power of ex- which gave the suggestion of the Women's Mis- pression. As life went on her talents and training sionary Jubilee in 1910 and 1911; "The King's were all consecrated to great spiritual ends. Highway," written after her return from the tour Mrs. Montgomery was a firm believer in wom- of mission fields; "The Bible and Missions,"

an's suffrage, and was active in Rochester's civic called by some experts the best mission study book and educational interests. She served two terms ever published; "Prayer and Missions" followed, as Commissioner of Education-the only woman and, last, "From Jerusalem to Jerusalem," written to hold that position. She was President of the after the International Missionary Council Meet- State Federation of Women's Clubs, and might ing in Jerusalem in 1928. These books had a sale have gone on in these interesting activities to the of more than a half million copies and did much very top. But Mrs. Montgomery's supreme inter- to educate women and girls for the highest mis- est was centered in Christ and the Church. For sionary ideals. years she taught a Bible class, numbering hun- Mrs. Montgomery was the most popular lec- dreds of women. She gave much time to the work turer at summer Schools of Missions. She began of missions in church and county, finally becoming at Northfield when the first Mission School opened Secretary for the Baptist Board in Western New in 1904 and her work extended across the conti- York. Her freedom from home cares, through nent. -the presence of "two mothers" and a devoted aunt, One of her great achievements was the transla- was not from lack of ability or interest and we tion of the New Testament from the Greek, which were often diverted from our major missionary commanded the respect of great Greek scholars.

program to one of recipes. Dr. A. T. Robertson, of Louisville, our first Amer- William A. Montgomery, her devoted husband, ican authority, said: "It is remarkable in its ac- deserves special mention and credit for Helen Bar- curacy and clear expression. I prefer it to Mof- rett's achievements. It was an ideal marriage, fatt's translation." She did this "Just for the joy happy to the very end. She, the intellectual, col- of the work." Mrs. Montgomery had ten talents, lege woman, learned many practical lessons from and she used them all.

him, the keen business man; they made a glorious In the Woman's Foreign Mission Jubilee, which [580 ] we planned one day in Boston, she carried inspira- women, there was nothing to do but to secure tion from coast to coast. The celebration brought funds to found the Seven Colleges for Women of voluntary gifts of one and one-fourth million dol- Asia, with the motto: "Lighted to Lighten." lars to the Boards participating and resulted in With the little Indian lamp as a symbol, the womthe organization of the Federation of Women's en of America made possible the building of Col- Boards of Foreign Missions of the United States leges in Japan, China and India. Though Helen and Canada. Montgomery had taken on the executive work of President of the Woman's Foreign Mission So- She was the only woman ever called to serve as ciety of the Baptist denomination-an absorbing President of the Northern Baptist Convention. task-there was still time and strength for this Wellesley College gave her the honorary degree educational work for women.

HElLEN BARRETT MONTGOMERY A favorite and essential type of mission work in which she was greatly interested was to proof LL.D., while other colleges also conferred de- vide for Christian literature for women and chilgrees upon her. dren in non-Christian lands. Her legacy of $25,000 toward a fund for this department of Out of our memorable trip around the world, work is an example of her wise stewardship.. The with our daughters, came her book, "The King's interest will help the scanty contributions from Highway," over which we traveled together over-burdened Boards. through Egypt, India, China and Japan. Having told a little of what Helen Barrett Mont- The daughters, one from Wellesley and one gomery did, how can we describe what she was? from Vassar, added to the joy of the travels and A loving, lovely, sympathetic, generous friend, an interested great companies of girls from mission ideal woman in her home-life, her church activischools, who begged for women's colleges. They ties, her social contacts, she was deeply, truly have them now. After the trip, not merely around spiritual. Christ, her Saviour, was her dearest the world but into the heart and life of Oriental Friend-always a reality. In these days when men trust so much to intellect, and seem to lose it in a maze of doubt, she, who was always a stu- dent and scholar, retained her firm faith in the supernatural, inspired Word of God.

In later years we met often in Florida, which we adopted ten years ago as our winter home. One more "Missionary Adventure" remained: The Florida Chain of Missionary Assemblies. We had been together at the School of Missions in DeLand, the first in Florida and later, in St. Pe- tersburg. Mrs. Montgomery was delighted to see these links grow into a chain-which now an- nually covers the State.

Last March she came over from St. Petersburg with her brother, Professor Storrs Barrett, and his wife, and was her dear, radiant self. Impaired health did not matter, and days of sunshine, flow- ers and memories, with the group of friends who gathered for the "surprise party" made it a beau- tiful climax to our friendly fellowship here.

Helen Barrett Montgomery has made her own memorial, which will continue. She was interna- tional long before most American women awoke tc, that relation, and realized that the only suc- cessful internationalism to date is Foreign Mis- sions: asking nothing but World Friendship based on faith in the World Saviour. It may be that, in our present dream of making the mission colleges permanent through endowment, we may have a Helen Barrett Montgomery Chair in at least one woman's college in the Orient. This should be made possible by the many whose lives she has blessed.

~' '~

Effective Ways of Working 'Tested Methods for Increasing Interest at Home EDITED BY MRS. ESTELLA S. AITCHISON, GRANVILLE, OHIO ~'=I==============================.~ CHRISTMAS MEDITATION congregational singing of carols. In would make a deeply inspiring our program we tried, by entirely missionary presentation. An Suppose that Christ had not been oorn eliminating congregational singing, to abundance of such material is to avoid any interruption to the worship be found in most denominational That far away Judean morn. period, that all might feel the deep literature departments. Excel- inspiration and power of quiet, rev- lent Christmas pageants and Suppose that God, Whose Mighty hand erent worship. plays for schools, churches and Created worlds, had never planned clubs are listed in a catalog leaf- Carols played by a quartet of trump- let by The Woman's Press, 600 A way for man to be redeemed. eters stationed in the lighted tower Lexington Ave., New York City. Suppose the Wise Men only dreamed room drew an audience outside the church in addition to the one as- Christmas Suggestions for That guiding star whose light still sembled within. As the service was Children's Organizations glows to close exactly at midnight, pains had been taken to see that the watches An Oriental slant may well be Down through the centuries. Suppose of all persons taking part were timed given to celebrations this year. correctly. Carefully prepared pro- True stories from our mission Christ never walked here in men's grams in the hands of the minister, work in Japan and China might sight, choir director and pianist gave the be presented under the topic, closing time of each number, so that "Treasures for the King." Dec- Our blessed Way, and Truth, and adjustments could be made with ease orate the room with the usual Light. if the service proceeded faster or more emblems, arranging the chairs in slowly than had been planned. The a circle with alternating red Suppose He'd counted all the cost, items had been carefully timed at re- and green streamers extending And never cared that we were lost, hearsals, and took place in this se- from their backs to a central quence: chandelier. Under the light on And never died for you and me, a small table, set up a miniature Nor shed His blood on Calvary 10: 45 to 11: OO-Carols by trump- Christmas scene of small trees eters, beginning with "It Came Upon covered with snow and icicles. Upon a shameful cross. Suppose a Midnight Clear" and ending with Under these trees have two open That having died He never rose, "0 Come, All Ye Faithful." jewel boxes-one empty, with a gold star pasted on the lid, the And there was none with power to 11: 00 to 11 : 03-Prelude by pianist. other containing strings of pearl save As the last note of the trumpets died beads, rings, bracelets, etc. The away, the pianist took up the same story of "The King's Special Our souls from darkness and the carol and played it softly while the Treasures" may first be read grave! robed choir and the minister took from Mal. 3: 10-17, emphasizing their places. God's special treasures – his *** "jewels" – and stating that we 11 : 03 to 11: 04-Foreword by min- want to bring others to know As far as piteous heathen know, ister. Him too, adding to His jewels, as These things that I've "supposed"- missionaries are trying to do. 11: 04 to 11: 06-"The First Now- Then let each young person who are so! ell," sung by the choir. tells an assigned story of some- one won for Jesus in a mission.. MARTHA SNELL NICHOLSON. 11 : 06 to 11: 09 – The Christmas ary kindergarten or otherwise story from Luke. hold in her hand while she talks CHRISTMAS WITH A MIS- an object from the box of jew- SIONARY KEYNOTE 11: 09 to 11: 15-Carols by choir. els-the first story, perhaps, be- ing about "Rings of Gold," the A Christmas Eve Service 11: 15 to 11: 23-"Service of Lights" next about "A Ruby Necklace," pageant by young people. another about "A String of *Rev Carl H. Olson, of Kent, Ohio, writing in Church Busi- 11 : 23 to 11: 41-A Christmas story ness, says in part: read by minister.

The commercialization of Christmas 11 : 41 to 11: 47-Christmas anthem is a challenge to the Church to re- by choir. awaken an appreciation of the religious significance of this holy season. 11: 47 to 12: OO-Christmas sermon- Last year our church met this chal- ette by minister. The climax of this lenge with a Christmas Eve serv!ce sermonette was an exhortation that which extended throughout the entIre the bells of Christmas Day might find community. joyous echo in the hearts of men, and coincided with the ringing of the bell In many Christmas Eve services, which announced the advent of the the effectiveness of the atmosphere Day. created by dim lighting is destroyed when the lights are turned on for the By having pageant, story, etc., of a missionary application and • Duplex Envelope Co., Richmond, Va. giving the sermonette the same Copyrighted. keynote-all most appropriate to the occasion – the foregoing [582 ]

EFFECTIVE WAYS OF WORKING

Pearls," still another about the winner is the one who fans lated, for the most part, to the "Diamonds Rare," etc. through goal first. theme for the corresponding Every Christian may have a part and may bring extra jewels Good handwork would be mak- month. When a member reads for the King, to put into the ing a Japanese garden as a gift a book, he checks it, and if he empty box. Let the members for Mother at Christmas. "Use reads an additional one, he lists suggest what we may place a china bowl, a piece of low pot- it in a blank underneath. What within it: Our money, our pray- tery or a pie or cake tin; a small a widening of horizons that ers, acts of service at home and mirror for the pool of water or amount of good missionary readin community and, best of all, else moss arranged to use real ing will accomplish in each life. "A Christmas Gift of Self." As water; small pebbles for paths, these are enumerated, emblems etc. Make some green things Among the titles of the such as small red hearts or other growing by sprouting carrots or appropriate articles wrapped in monthly meetings are: World silver and gold tin foil, white sweet potatoes in a glass. A ten- Highways; The Highway to the cards inscribed with individual cent store can supply wee names to represent gifts of self, bridges and people to walk in the West; Highways of Goodwill; etc., are to be deposited in the garden, or these can be molded empty box. It is suggested that from clay or putty or carved Setting Sail; In and Around in boys' organizations, nuggets from soap. Tokyo; Seeing the Country, etc. of gold, bags of silver and such The foregoing suggestions like would be especially attrac- Leading thought questions are: tive, the parallel being that have been taken from "The (1) What are the qualities or Window of Y. W. A.," a publimany lads in other lands or com- cation of the Women's Auxiliary characteristics possessed by our munities in our own land would of the Southern Baptist Conven- pioneer leaders? Wherein do tion. they differ from the qualities we need today? (Blanks provided for written replies.) (2) What are my attitudes toward the Jap- anese Americans? Would I be become real gold treasures for High Lights of Some Litera- willing to (a) Meet them sothe King if they had an oppor- ture Packets cially? (b) Admit them to our club? (c) Fellowship with them tunity. As a souvenir there may be pinned on each child a red bell Your Department Editor was in the church? (d) Form friendinscribed with the name of a pleased to note at summer con- ships with them? (e) Entertain Chinese or Japanese missionary. ferences the attractive forms in them as guests in the home? It would be Oriental to send which missionary literature is (3) When you think of Japan, around invitations to s u c h presented nowadays, even to the what comes to your mind? (4) Christmas-missionary functions delight for the eye of exquisite As world Christians we discover on a tray-just one, not a whole coloring and artistic decoration. all people are more alike than supply, on the tray at one time, Real down to date psychology is different. Record here racial the tray-carrier being in J ap- manifest, also, in the adaptation qualities or characteristics which anese costume and doing his of subject matter to the natural seem to you to be universal. (5) work with much bowing and interests of the various age As we leave Japan, we carry groups. The Editor will be memories of Christian men, greeting. Oriental curios such as Jap- pleased to pass on the high lights women and youth who have anese parasols, vases, prints, of denominational literature dis- helped us to know and underfans, etc., should be used to dec- plays and packets whenever they stand their country. Record orate the meeting place. Ohaio are presented to her for review. here your impressions of the is the word of greeting; Sayo- The United Christian Missionary Japanese people.

naro that of departure. To Society has an attractive buff In a similar program guide, create a merry atmosphere, a program guide for its High-Tri "Toward Understanding," to be few native games may be played clubs, the outline taking the used among young people's mis- beforehand. In "Japanese Ball" membership on an imaginary sionary circles, some suggestive one bounces the ball very hard, trip among Orientals in the topics for consideration or meditrying to whirl around and get United States, then on to Japan tation are: (1) What seem to be back into position ready to catch for six months. During the first the most outstanding problems the ball, then trying to hit it period a statement or question which the Japanese-American back to the floor instead of han- for each meeting proposes for faces? How can we help in solu- dling it. This should be done consideration some problem as it tion of these problems? (2) five times in succession. relates to the individual in the What are my own interests?

"Japanese Volley Ball" re- group life. During the second Are they contributing to Chris- quires each player to use a fan. period the guide becomes the tian growth and development?

The goal is made by putting two Travel Book in which members (3) In what way does our books on the floor a foot apart. are expected to record the names church share with the Japanese Then a three-inch square of of interesting places they visit, in the United States? (4) What tissue paper is to be fanned people they meet and types of are the religions of Japan?

through the goal from the start- missionary work that impress What is their appeal to youth?

ing line six feet back. Each them. The "Book-of-the-Month" (5) What is the appeal of player has a separate goal, and page suggests a book that is re- Christianity to me? In what

way is it a vital part of my life, come a globe of the world. Hesi- our Church in the face of Roman interests and enthusiasms? (6) tantly touching and seeming to influence in Mexico? Why send missionaries to a cul- gaze into it, she turns to the tured, educated people like the Your Help Wanted! Japanese? Write your answer audience and tells what she sees from time to time. This subject Your Department Editor is to this question beforehand. matter may pertain to the begin- ever on the alert for "Ways of Would you revise it after the nings of missions in general or Working" that have approved discussion? If so, how? (7) in any given field, certain faces themselves in action. What a joy What do I think of the Nation- seeming to stand out as the story it is when usable material is sent alistic theory that "Nations can proceeds. At an appropriate in. Have you something triedlive to themselves"? How do we point, costumed folk enter softly and-proved-good that might be gain or lose by wholesome rela- from behind the gazer and en- passed along? While plans for tions with other nations? (8) act a scene with dialogue, then all departments of church mis- What are the reasons for Japan's softly slip out again. In this sionary activity are acceptable, foreign policy? What is the at- way a fascinating story is told, there is an especial dearth of ma- terial for pastors and Sunday titude of Japanese Christians? with action to make it seem real. school workers. (9) Can I be a Christian and be- The second crystal gazer relieve in war and the preparation places the first presently and **• for it? Could I participate in it? says: "A glorious past. But we Mrs. T. J. Hopkins, of Wayne, (10) Has Christianity made any cannot dwell in the past. What Pennsylvania, a program builder impact on the everyday world in of the present? May I read of note, has sent an outline used Japan? If so, in what ways? what I see?" And in this sec- at a national gathering in Wash- (11) After studying Japan have ond episode, missions are pic- ington, D. C., on "Building the I gained any new facts? Formed tured, in narrative and action, Nation Beautiful" which will apany new attitudes? Decided on as they are today. The future is pear in this department next any procedure of Christian left problematic in a soul-search- month. She has already subethics? ing way as it hinges on present mitted an outline for a year's acute needs. The close is an an- meetings on the theme, "God's An instructive recreation de- swer to the challenge. Harvest Field," in which the scribed in the packet of litera- monthly topics – usable in any ture is called "What? When? The number of dramatic group-are: "The Field" (Fer- Where? in The World Call- sketches in this packet shows tile Soil); "Preparation of the this being the denominational how much this best-of-all ways Soil" (Pioneers of Yesterday) ; magazine. The method is to di- of vitalizing the truths of mis- "Sowing" (Neglected People, vide the participants into Groups Migrants, Frontiersmen) ; "Sun- A, B, C and D, giving to each sions is being used by wide- shine and Rain – God's Part" group three magazines (of dif- awake workers. (When Christ Was Born – a ferent dates) and twelve ques- Christmas Playlet); "Cultivations. Working together, the ••• tion" (Teaching, H e a lin g, group must find the answers in Preaching) ; "Reaping" (Inthe magazine and write them out In The Luther League Leader, gathering Through Christian or check the page on which each an organ of the American Luth- Centers); "Binding" (Brothermay be read. A time limit- ran Church, questions for study hood Through Good Citizenpossibly ten minutes-is set, the ship), and "Storing and Sharwinning group being the one and discussion reveal the amount ing" (Stewardship R 0 u n d which is through first or which of real thought young people are Table). A Mothers' and Daugh- putting into their mission study ters' Banquet and a Book Refinds the most answers in the nowadays. Some outstanding view meeting were interspersed time. questions are: among the topical sequences.

"Missions Through a Crystal" Do you find any reason for a A budget isn*'t s*um*s to me; is an excellent program device friendly internationalism in It's happy school girls' faces, which may be worked up with Paul's address from Mars Hill? any subject matter in any de- (Acts 17: 26-28.) It's tired, sick mothers getting well, nomination. On a stand at the How do national leaders have front is placed a globe of the responsibility for changing the It's light in gloomy places. world draped completely with a viewpoints of the people as did It isn't just long columns full square of white cloth. A candle- Samuel? (1 Sam. 12: 20-25.) lighted room is preferable for Of "headachy" addition, this gazing scene. The leader To what degree do you think It's missionaries sailing out says there are present two crys- the truth in James 4: 1-3 is back tal gazers who can see into the of warped national points of To fill a Great Commission. past, present and future, telling view? It's you and I, who'd like to go, the audience what they see. The How does the preaching of And send our gifts to prove it. first of these sits down before Christ's Gospel influence the How wonderful a budget is ! the globe, gently removes the world for peace? silk scarf from it and starts It lives, and so I love it. when she sees the crystal has be- Has the Church a right to ex- press a public declaration on the -Edith G. Estey, in The question of international rela- Watchman-Examiner. tionships? (Mat. 10: 7-15.) What is the evident duty of The Council of Women for Home Missions ANNE SEESHOLTZ, EXECUTIVE SECRETARY, 105 EAST TWENTY-SECOND STREET, NEW YORK by their prophets, probably more missionary enterprise, steward- ship, and a practical leadership than Chinese who lived the training course. Groups inter- truths taught by their leaders. Yes, there is but one God the ested in dramatics, music, life- Father from the beginning who saving, and nature study were is ever seeking to express Him- also cared for. self in the sons of men; and Jesus was born Son of God and The editor seems to recall that Son of Man. some one in Honolulu said the name Kokokahi means "of one The Christian records show that Mary was not disobedient blood." One is reminded of the to the heavenly vision. "Mary Chinese saying, "Under heaven, said, 'I am here to serve the one family." Lord. Let it be as you have said.''' When Mary listened to the story of the shepherds on the birthday of the little one and heard what was said about the child and that the angels sang of "peace on earth goodwill among men," we are told that "she treasured it all up and mused upon it."

Sometimes we Christians for- get that there was a Holy Fam- ily,-father, mother and child; and that within such a family, Joseph protected mother and child by flight to Egypt.

And "Jesus increased in wis- dom and in stature, and in fa- vour with God and man."

From the New China. YOUNG PEOPLES' CHRIS- Are we Christians preparing TIAN CONFERENCE now for His advent so that in MODERN CHINESE our land the shepherds and all MADONNA At Kokokahi on Kaneohe Bay, shall hear the angels' song on the annual conference for young In our Western world the Ma- people between the ages of 16 Christmas Eve? donna is Mary, mother of the and 25 was held August 26-Sep- Christ-child. Often in China, tember 2. From breakfast at 7 young Chinese women students a. m. to "Lights Out" at 10 p. m. who know that in their tradition the days were filled with wor- even five hundred years before ship, recreation and work in Christ there were prophets or study courses such as How We teachers of men who taught a Got Our Bible, Beginnings of the way of life similar to the Chris- Christian C h u r c h, Missions, tian way, ask "Why should God young peoples course for leaders, not have come as the Christ- and a discussion course on child among us?" And one an- youth Problems. The univer- swer can be that there was a sity age group studied "the im- goodly "remnant" among the plications of the Christian reli- Jews who lived the truths taught gion for social life"; also the [585 ] Why the Church of the Cross- Church of the Crossroads this roads? in part as follows: last summer in an open, covered "The spirit of Hawaii during the pavilion where during the week years from 1915 to 1923 the year the children of the neighborhood in which the church was organ- had gathered for activities and ized was definitely turned to- which for the Sunday services ward interracial cooperation, had been made a churchly place and the intermingling of racial with a simple altar with the groups in business life and so- cross and exquisite lilies. A lay- cial life. Racial lines were not man asked for volunteers to so important as they used to be. come one hour before services Language was no longer a bar- the next Sunday to prepare the rier. Some· of them were eager place of worship. He also called to meet together in religion." attention to the children's handi- REV. AND MRS. GALEN R. WEAVER The Hawaiian Board of Mis- craft work outside the pavilion. sions met the request of young During the meditation period, CHURCH OF THE CROSS- people of various racial back- ROADS grounds for a service in English, a beautiful victrola selection and known as "The Young Peoples' the far view from the open pa- Friends from afar sent Aloha vilion strengthened the bond in May, 1933, to the Church of Service." Attendance averaged existing among the Christians the, Crossroads, Honolulu, T. H., about 100 persons. of several races who "resorted for the tenth anniversary of the with one mind in prayer." founding of the church. Jane In May, 1923, the Hawaiian Addams wrote from Chicago: Board approved the recom- The place was filled with the fragrance of the beauty of holi- The Church of the Crossroads seems mendation of the Religious Edu- ness and life. to me a singularly successful and an cation Committee "that the reunusually brilliant effort to unite quest of 61 applicants for a For your Christmas program through participation in a common cause, people of varied origins and church be granted, and that the send for Services of Worship for experiences. I predict that its his- Secretarial Council in conference World Understandihg and Peace, tory will long be cherished as that of with Mr. Weaver shall take steps a pioneer in a path so often needlessly toward the organization of the 15c; C rea tin g a World of beset with insuperable difficulties. Friendly Children, 25c; A Mes- church." Kagawa, from Japan, wrote: sage to Christians of All Lands.

I am glad to send a message to your Rev. Galen R. Weaver has MISERERE ehurch's tenth birthday. It is very interesting that your church represents been a very true pastor to the God have mercy upon us miserand serves so many nationalities, and group since the organization of that in the Hawaiian Islands you able sinners, have a Christian brotherhood, to some the church. The present par- God have mercy upon us misextent, of all races. May it be per- ticipating constituency of the fected! And may God bless your erable sinners. church to that great end! ….. . church (that is members, asso- For our ignorance and our greed ciates, and attendants in Hono- We must have a world awakening. lulu and active in one or several which have brought to I do not say "revival," for here in the parts of the program totals about Orient we have not yet heard the Gos- 250 of whom 80 are in adult di- multitudes starvation in pel, so I use the term "awakening." vision, 85 in young peoples' di- the midst of plenty. Please pray for all nations, for the Lord, have mercy upon us. so-called Christian nations, and for the mission field. In Honolulu, where From sense of our own virtue at you can look out on all the world, both eastward and westward, you can have some slight charity to the the truly international viewpoint, and do much to bring the world together unemployed, in the Christian world brotherhood, the world family of God our Father. Good Lord, deliver us.

The Rev. Norman C. Schenck, From luxury and display, while of the Hawaiian Board of Missions, answered the question, many have not where to lay their heads.

Good Lord, deliver us.

From spending billions for bat- tleships while the unem- ployed live upon a crust, Good Lord, deliver us.

MEMBERS OF THE CHURCH OF THE That it may please Thee to guide CROSSROkDS, HONOLULU, EXAMIN- us quickly into the good ING THE ACHIEVEMENTS OF THE life in which there shall be peace and plenty; a· WE'EK-DAY SCHOOL vision, – and the rest younger. sharing of labor and leis- ure and joy by all the On other islands, there are 39 members. There are seventeen children of men, members on mainland United We beseech Thee to hear us, States, and eight in other coun- good Lord.

tries. The editor worshiped -From "Prayers for Self and with the congregation of the Society," by James Myers.

AMERICA unions, but a closed shop on reli- runs one story, "and never saw a

gion, especially as regards the steadier set of officials than the Century of Progress Campaign 'Leadership Group' made up of ones that have comprised these officials and office workers. In meetings, which have been well Midnight evangelism by wom- this connection, an advertise- attended. The drouth-stricken en was a feature of the Century ment for a stenographer for the areas are ghastly in their ap- of Progress threefold Evangel- mill specified 'none but active pearance, but the men have said istic Campaign, conducted in a Christians need apply.' Prayer that those grieving the loudest congested district of Chicago's meetings have been held since are the non-religious and non- West Side, under auspices of the 1916, and since the day now has members of the churches."- Presbyterian Church. A com- two shifts the meetings are at 6 Christian Advocate. mon experience of the women in a. m. and 2 p. m. The whole at- charge was to find girls under mosphere of the mills has Giving of Poor and Rich the influence of liquor attracted changed in these 18 years. There to the meeting, and to be able to has been friendliness, a better A recent book by Robert R. help some of them physically, spirit, and more.important still, Doane, "The Measurement of morally and spiritually. Anoth- the people are happy and con- American Wealth" makes clear er activity was the nightly open tented. Through all the labor that in the prosperous year 1929 forum, when a mixed group of upheavals that have occurred, only 13% per cent of church and 150 to 180 persons-educated this mill has come through un- benevolent contributions came and uneducated, bolshevists and scathed." from persons with an annual in- atheists, communists and other come of $25,000 or more. Those radicals-gathered in the chapel U.ndaunted in Drouth with incomes from $3,000 to of Third Presbyterian Church to $25,000 gave 18% per cent of discuss social, economic, political It is reassuring to read re- all that was contributed, but and religious problems. Ques- ports from drouth stricken areas those with incomes of $3,000 and tions were presented by the au- of the West, and find that faith less gave 68 per cent of the total. dience and answered by newspa- and courage have survived. A When it is remembered that in per men, lawyers, business lead- Methodist district superintend- 1929, a total of 1,122,650 per- ers, college professors, clergy- ent in Nebraska says: sons made income tax returns men and political and social showing incomes of $20,055,- authorities. "Our churches are rallying 000,000 but deducted from those marvelously. In this worst hit returns gifts to charity totalling A third feature was the eight section almost every church will only $380,000,000 or slightly less o'clock evangelistic me e tin g meet its estimate in full. Of sev- than two per cent it is evident when the Gospel was pr.esented enteen churches not more than that the economically better off directly and simply to men and one or two will fall below, and class of Americans have not giv- women of all walks of life. Defi- most of these will attempt to en till it hurts. nite acceptances of Christ were raise the same salaries next reported daily. year. I have never seen such -Presbyterian Tribune. heroic self-sacrifice on the part Prayer Solves Business of both ministers and churches." Curbing Drunken Drivers Another writer from the same Troubles area declares: "The hardest hit An Independence, Kansas, folks are showing the most faith daily newspaper is using this John E. Edgerton, President and vision. The greatest com- unique method to rid the streets of the Lebanon Woolen Mills in plaining is done by those who of drunken drivers. When a citi- Tennessee, believes firmly that have the most. My admiration zen of Independence is arrested Christian principles will cure for the great majority of the for drunken driving he is likely any labor trouble or any other ministers and for many laymen to appeal to the local paper to kind of trouble, if they are not has been heightened by the way keep the matter out of its col- only believed in but practiced. they are facing up to the crisis. umns. Whereupon the editor "Some mill workers in the South No church has refused to make places before the favor-seeking may excel in leading strikes," an estimate for next year." driver this pledge: says a press report, but in the Lebanon Woolen Mills they are Iowa is not. behind in the The undersigned, having been ar- able to'lead a prayer meeting. midst of overwhelming disaster. rested for drunkenness and fined in ,The factory is an open shop on "I have held 21 conferences," the police court of Independence, [587 ]

wishes to have no mention made of ments – religion and crafts. Indians. This work began in the incident in the Dail" Reporter. Classes will be held during the the year 1834 under Rev. Thom- In case no mention is made of this week as well as on Sunday. The as S. Williamson, M.D., at Fort incident we promise to leave liquor only requirement is that each Snelling, Minn. The first Indian alone, and in event that we get into child or adult registered must be church had seven members, and police court again for reason of enrolled in both departments. from this beginning the church "breaking over," then the Reporter has grown to 1,475 communihas our consent to publish a news Courses will be elective, and cants, in 39 churches. story concerning the same, as well as include: Bible study, religion to mention the particulars of the case and biology, normal training -Presbyterian Banner. which caused us to sign this pledge, and likewise the fact that we signed class; confirmation class, church Broadcasting in Alaska it. res ear c h, religious forum, church history, wood cutting, Recently the broadcasting sta- More than a hundred citizens printing, process printing, ec- tion in Anchorage, Alaska, was of Independence have signed this clesiastical embroidery, piano, equipped with the latest and pledge up to date. Only three boys' choir, first aid, weaving, most efficient machinery for have broken it. In all three cases broadcasting. In the fall of 1932 the newspaper gave the full scout craft, camp fire craft, sea- the minister of Anchorage First story to the community. manship, Indian craft, Indian Presbyterian Church made ar- lore, knotting, leather tooling, rangements with the station for -Christian Century. model building, cooking, wood a weekly broadcast of religious carving, folk dancing, sewing services during the winter. The Spiritual Service for Hospitals station agreed to give the use of and dramatics. its equipment for such offerings The Federation of Churches as could be secured from the lisof Rochester, N. Y., has engaged Lutheran Strength teners-in, seeking as a goal $10 a Dr. Frederick Palmer to visit Sunday. Measured by the interhospital patients in the capacity In 59 cities of the United est shown, it was a success from of personal counselor and Chris- the start. Missionary E. L. Wintian friend. Rochester's fifty States the Lutherans are the terberger writes: "We have a hospitals, public and private, board of deacons of 12 members with more than 1,048 patients, largest Protestant denomination. appointed from those who are were thus visited in 1933. One interested, and we issue yearly of the hospitals was so much Among these cities are Albany, certificates of membership to all impressed by Dr. Palmer's serv- those who make contributions. ice that it sent courtesy cards to Buffalo, Chicago Dubuque, Du- The missionary speaks to men, all the ministers of the city. The women and children, the messuperintendent of the Highland luth, Detroit, Milwaukee, Minne- sage of life and hope as they sit Hospital writes of Dr. Palmer's about their firesides, away off in work: "I have so many times apolis, St. Paul, Toledo and the remotest cabins. Two Eskinoticed the beneficial physical mo boys up at Wainwright heard results following the visitation Wilkes-Barre. In 28 cities they the services and asked Dr. Greist of patients by a spiritual adviser if it would be all right if they that I am of the opinion that you are the second largest denomi- took down the sermon and gave are actually a part with us in the it to their people in Eskimo on work of the hospitaL" nation, the list including Cleve- the following Sunday."

Taking Care of Leisure Time land, New York, San Francisco –':"'Presbyterian Banner.

The Church of the Ascension and Tacoma. Lutherans are first LATIN AMERICA in Chicago believes that the church of today has two great in number in eight States,- Whole Family Won problems: First, the teaching of religion; and second, the Michigan 199,694, Minnesota The Baptist Church of Barteaching of the proper use of ranquitas, Puerto Rico, had esleisure; since wit h shorter 483,905, Montana 19,339, Ne- tablished a preaching point in a working hours for adults, lack home about six miles out of of playgrounds and recreation braska 130,826, North Dakota town. One evening the pastor for children, the devil has ample found a congregation gathered, opportunity for the use of idle- 134,424, Pennsylvania 604,684, but no meeting place, because, ness. This church has accord- the owners of the house were ingly worked out a new plan for South Dakota 90,190, Wisconsin away. Preparations were made its school. for an open-air meeting, when 484,348. -So S. Times. an invitation came from a neigh- "The child being father of the bor to hold services in her home man, the child in the Sunday Dakota Indians Conference This family had not accepted the school is certainly father of the Gospel. After giving the mes-. man in the pew," says the an- A most interesting commemonouncement of the new plan, ration of the 100th anniversary which provides for two depart- of Presbyterian work among the Sioux Indians was observed at Fort Peck Indian Reservation last August. One thousand per- sons attended the conference. Each family brought its own tent. Ten churches of that sec- tion of Montana acted as hosts, delivering daily rations to the tents. These consisted, among other things, of 20 head of- sheep, 10 head of beef, a number of pigs and $800 worth of gro- ceries. Each evening a group of 200 persons presented a pageant representing the various stages of progress of" Christian mis- sions among the Sioux Tribe of

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

sage the pastor extended the in- Continuing, the letter says: experience. Dinner-hour meet- vitation to those who were "Yesterday I saw the Minister ings have also been held in facwilling to accept Christ as their of War again, and demonstrated tories; hospitals, schools and Saviour. The first one to come the hand grenade and the billy centers of the unemployed have forward was the owner of the …… The demonstration of the been visited, and 3,000 children house, followed by his wife, and hand grenade was ……entirely have been gathered nightly to then the remainder of his family successful. The Minister of War listen to Bible stories. -six young people; and finally asked your best price on 100 bil- -So S. Times. three young men from the neigh- lies and 200 hand grenades." borhood, making a total of elev- Simavi in Holland en who were converted that Morris Schools Nationalized night. This grouping of letters rep- The Argentine philanthropic resents a new contribution to the -Watchman-Examiner. schools and institutes, popularly formation of alphabetical names. known as the Morris Schools, It stands for six Dutch words: Convinced at 87 Years are being taken over by the na- "Steun In Medische Aangelegen- tional government. Rev. Wil- heeden Voor Inheemschen," i. e., A Bible Society worker, con- liam C. Morris organized and Assistance in Medical Matters versing with a fervent Roman administered the schools over a for Natives. This charitable or- Catholic of 87 years of age, in a period of about 30 years. These ganization assists medical missmall village of the state of San schools have been the outstand- Luis Potosi, made him see clear- ing philanthropic work in the sion work in the Dutch East Inly the difference in the Ten Com- Argentine republic. In 1930, 6,- dies, the German work in Nias mandments which appear even 200 children were enrolled in in the Catholic Bible, and the ten them, and 330 orphan boys and and Sumatra and the Basel Misdeficient commandments which girls were housed in the orphan- sion in Borneo. appear in the Catechism of Fa- age. In the course of those years ther Ripalda; at which the old 140,000 Argentine children have The founder of Simavi was a man was very much surprised, passed through the Morris Dutch medical missionary, Dr. saying: "Eighty-seven years schools. The work has been sup- Hubertus Bervoets, who died have I lived, and I had not seen ported by private contributions July 22, 1933, in Java. He volthis bait held out to the inno- by Argentine citizens and by unteered in 1894 with his bride, cent." He invited the colporteur public spirited foreigners resi- expressing the urgent desire to to speak to all the people of the dent in the republic. In recent be allowed to carry the Gospel village "in the name of God and years the schools have also re- to the natives of Java. He was of the truth." He went person- ceived a considerable subsidy the first medical missionary in ally to give the invitations and from the national government. eastern Java and worked with ordered that the bells of the Upon the death of Mr. Morris in his wife up to 1909 in the hos- Catholic church should be rung 1932 these schools found their pital Modjowarno, to the great -there having been no priest in continuance uncertain. The de- blessing of the people. He began this church for some time. The velopment of the government people congregated, enthusias- school program had lessened the the training of native medical tically listened and bought copies need as well as the. appeal for helpers. He also founded a leper of the Bible. their support, resulting in a asylum. The last commission heavy deficit during the past two given him by the colonial gov- -Bible Society Record. years. A bill providing for the ernment was to build a hospital nationalization of the schools re- in Patio This he was no longer Missions or Hand Grenades? ceived final approval by the sen- able to finish. Dr. Bervoets and ate and was converted into law his wife worked in this field for The Living Church quotes Sept. 28. more than 37 years, their motto from a letter read into testimony being, "He who enters the servof the Senate munitions inquiry. ice of missions, has made his Rev. Paul Young, sent to South choice for his whole life!"

America by a Christian mission- -The Christian Century. French Novelist's Conversion ary board to preach the Gospel, The Methodist Times and wrote to his brother, who is EUROPE president of Federal Laborato- Student Soul Winners Leader, London, tells of a re- markable religious awakening in ries, Inc., makers of gas bombs Eighty-five undergraduates of France which is taking place in and machine guns, as follows: "We have just spent a week Cambridge University, both men the Roman Catholic Church, and of joyful life at this Indian sta- and women, have held a ten days' is going far towards influencing tion. It was a blessing to us and evangelistic campaign in the thought and remodeling life in the two devoted girls who live manufacturing city of Oldham, that country. A remarkable at this post. Six or eight In- England. Open-air meetings thing about the movement is dians expressed a desire to fol- have been held nightly at twelve that one of its leading spirits low the Lord. They have had the places, where crowds varying and most effective evangelists is desire before but have been from 75 to 300 have listened to a novelist of note, Francois pulled down by sin. Indian work the testimony of these students Mauriac. He was born in 1885, needs a great deal of prayer." regarding their own Christian and in 1922 succeeded in produc-

ing a work which placed him in AFRICA Slrull Worshippers the front rank of writers of his time. Later, he experienced con- Demand for Literature The forests of Spanish Guinea version, and thereafter devoted his literary gifts to the service Except in Arabic-speaking are still full of idols, and the of Christ. With a sensuous book areas, Africa is still without a in hand at the time, he re-wrote native literature. Now, with the Okak still ardently worship the it, condemning his former writ- demand for education increasing. His influence is now said to ing, Africans are beginning to skulls of their ancestors. Pracbe widespread and profound. read for pleasure. Missionaries add the writing of books to other tically every hut contains a box Socialists Return to Church absorbing and ·exacting duties, and African authors are increas- or basket of family skulls. In One result of the riotous up- ing. In South Africa some notaheaval at Vienna last February ble literary work has been done each tribe is a "priest" or leader has been the great flow of social- by Africans, and in East and ists back to church membership. West Africa authors are appear- of their worship. When some- Daily papers spoke of 10,000 ing. In 1933 the International having rejoined the Roman Institute of African Languages thing has gone wrong in the Catholic Church in a few weeks, and Cultures, in response to a and many are also joining the competition, received 87 manu- town, a misfortune, loss of Protestant churches. Some 2,- scripts written by Africans in 300 joined one church alone. five different languages on a va- wealth, sickness or disaster, the While the motives are partly ma- riety of subjects. This awakterial and partly political, many ened desire for reading material men gather together the skulls are doubtless moved by desire has' led to the formation of the for better things. Bible Society International Committee 0 n and adjourn to the forest shrine. colporteurs are taking advan- Christian Literature for Africa, tage of the unusual opportuni- supported by a number of mis- The priest is there; the skulls ties not only in Vienna but in sionary societies in England and Graz, Linz and other places. One America. Its bulletin, Books for are heaped into a pile, and the colporteur in Graz, in his house- Africa, goes to over 2,000 misto-house visiting, found himself sionaries in Africa. The maga- idol is placed on top; the people in the midst of a crowd of armed zine Listen, printed in simple socialists. They at first took him English for schools and village are seated on the ground. A for a spy and threatened to hang people, is used in East, West, him, but he showed them his bag and South Africa, and material chicken is provided, and as the full of Bibles and New Testa- from it is translated into a numments, and they let him go. ber of languages. priest wrings its neck over the -Bible Society Record. -C. M. S. Outlook. pile, the blood is sprinkled over Temperance in Russia Boys' Club Wins the skulls and the idol. The Russia, drastic in everything, In the sfums of Cairo a boys' spirits of the ancestors are then is also drastic in seeking to curb club was started by the Church intemperance. Thomas Murray, of England mission less than addressed. Offerings of food Secretary of the Scottish Tem- ten years ago, in the face of perance Alliance, describes their strong Moslem opposition. Ser- are placed at the foot of the pile method in the Christian World. mons in local mosques denounced The advertising of liquor is pro- the Christian effort, Arabic and the men return to their hibited, and vodka shops merely papers thundered, neighborhood intimate 'Vodka sold here,' walls were scribbled with "Be- town. The wife of the priest sometimes adding, 'But you are ware of the Missionaries." From advised not to buy it.' At the a vacant lot across the street cooks up the food and the priest entrance to factories there is a mobs collected stones and bricks miniature model cemetery with and hurled them night after has a feast. If the men complain little crosses, on which appear night; three times the premises the names of workers who are were nearly wrecked. Courage that the trouble continues, the inefficient through drunkenness. and faithfulness on the part of- The names remain there until Egyptian helpers backed up the program must be repeated with reformation takes place. If be- English missionaries, and the ing made a laughing-stock does work developed. Now a new more elaborateness, and a dounot produce the desired result, building and a playground octhe 'habitual' is given a commu- cupy the very lot where the bling of the food offerings. But nal trial by fellow-workers and stone-throwers collected their sent to an anti-alcohol clinic." missiles. for all that, many prayers once addressed to wandering spirits are now ascending to the true God. JOSEPH McNEILL.

Benito, West Africa.

Unity in East Africa A united communion service at Kikuyu in 1913 marked the first definite step toward unity, and this was followed in 1918 by the formation of the .East Africa Protestant Missionary Alliance which affirmed the three great principles of faith in the Triune God, firm belief in Holy Scrip- tures as the Word of God, and regular use of the two sacra- ments, Baptism and the Lord's Supper. There was a variance regarding ordination, but this Alliance declared its purpose to work in as close harmony as pos- sible with other missions. In 1932, with the South India scheme for union in mind, a con- ference was held in Nairobi of delegates appointed by the Scot- tish, Methodist and Anglican Churches, and a representative committee was formed to work

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

out a draft Basis and Constitu- as a medical missionary of the Anatolia College tion. This was published in L. M. S. among the same Bak- July, 1933, and expressed a hope wena people from 1845-1852. The crowning achievement of that this might be a starting There is now a strong mission a strenuous decade was realized point for a much wider union of church there. An agreement on June 17, when the new Churches in East Africa. has been made between the camP1:ls. of Anatolia College at L. M. S. and the United Free SalomkI, Greece, and the build- -C. M. S. Outlook. Church of Scotland, whose rep- ings so far as finished, were resentative Dr. Shepherd is, d~dicated. President Ernest W. Helping Ovimbundu People whereby the activities of this RIggS believes that this was a historic station shall be carried most successful inauguration of Dr. W. E. Strangway, who on henceforth by the United Free the second decade of the service has just returned to his work at Church. There will be no sev- of the college. The friendliness Chissamba, Angola, writes for erance of the church life from of the Government, the Church the United Church Record of the its parent stock, the L. M. S. and the people shown at that encouraging outlook among the Church of the Bechuana, but time was most gratifying. A Ovimbundu people. "The chil- both bodies will form a common class of nineteen graduated the dren do not have to be urged to membership, working toward valedictorian being an Arme'nian attend school. They are all the ultimate aim of an indig- who spoke in Greek. At the afgrateful for the opportunities of enous African Church. There filiated School for Girls 32 dieducation. In almost every case will be no break in the existing plomas were granted, making 51 the classroom is filled to capac- Advisory Council nor in the na- young people going out this year ity. The church, too, is rapidly tive ministry. This is a new to take their share as capable increasing her membership. venture in missionary coopera- and public-spirited citizens in Seldom a service passes without tion. The actual erection of the Macedonia and the Near East. some making application to join Hospital buildings is an illustra- A former student has put the one of the catechumen classes, tion of the use of native skilled college in his will as a residuary and €ach time there is a com- labor. legatee, hoping that this will munion service a large number ultimately provide for the erecare received into full member- -South African Outlook. tion of another building, plus a ship." student scholarship fund. THE NEAR EAST Most of Dr. Strangway's time INDIA is spent in hospital work, and he The Christian Council says: "Gradually are we gain- Why Christians Are Needed ing their confidence as they lose The Near E a s t Christian faith in the witch doctor and the Council was organized eight The editor of Dynanodaya medicine man under whose spell y.ears ago to bring into coopera- thinks that the Bishop of Dornathey were so firmly held not tIon groups of missionaries un- kal spoke very much to the point more than a decade ago. Only a known to each other. Twenty when he said recently to the few years ago, when we asked missions united at the start; Medak Indian Christian Assothe lepers from certain com- thirteen others have come in ciation: munities to come for treatment, during the past six years. The the elders and chiefs laughed at Council area comprises eighteen We Christians are necessary factors us, saying that our medicine countries-M 0 roc c 0, Algeria, in the future of India. How? India would surely fail. A number of Tunisia, Tripoli, Egypt, Sudan, today is drifting away from all rethese outcasts have now returned Abyssinia, Palestine, S y ria, ligion. Our people are today more to their native villages with the Turkey, Cyprus, Greece, Bul- materialistic than 100 years ago and leprous sores cleansed, and no garia, R 0 u man i a, Albania, nationalism has now become the'relitrace of the dread disease re- Arabia, Iraq and Persia. In gion of many of our leaders. India maining. Ovimbundu people are these eighteen countries are 181 has been known as a land of religions very appreciative of any help we Christian organizations, with a and the people of India are nothing give them and express their sin- total of 1,997 workers. Through if not religious. Next to the Jewish cere thanks in many different standing committees, coopera- nation, I can say without any fear of ways. Many of them return to tion is attempted in Christian contradiction, that Indians are incorus every year to tell us the story literature, evangelism, educa- rigibly religious. That sacred heritage of how they have been helped." tion, rei at ion to Eastern 1S now threatened…… Materialism churches and work for Jews. and godlessness are threatening the Living.stone Hospital The Council has, after eight future of India. The old gods and years, succeeded in sharing ex- religions of India have ceased to The establishment of a med- periences, reporting causes of satisfy the thinking people. We Chrisical mission at Molepolole marks failure, pooling as far as pos- tians believe that Christianity is really a notable advance in medical sible their resources, preventing the .religion that will satisfy religious service in the Bechuanaland overlapping, and promoting in IndIa; and the onset of no-religion Protectorate. Dr. P. M. Shep- some cases united action. cannot be stopped except through alherd is opening up the tracks of legiance to Jesus Christ. The reli- David Livingstone who worked -Bulletin. gious nature of the Indian nation will respond to the truth of the revelation of God in Jesus Christ. There is an- other reason why Christians are a necessity for the future national life of India, and that is the growth of corruption in public life. Weare not

ignorant of the bribes, official inter- Drink Reform Needed through His servants in spite of many ference, underhand machinations that failures, ….. in view of the greatness are becoming too common at election The Madras Christian Council of the task which awaits us in the times. Giving of bribes to electors, in August passed a series of century to come …… and finally, in and receiving of bribes from candi- view of our own weakness and utter dates, are polluting our civic life. resolutions with reference to insufficiency, of our need of wisdom What can Christians do at this junc- present social and economic and power from on high, ……thereture? We ought to be the conscience problems; among them one on foreof the country. God has given us a drink reform: conduct superior to others. 1. Resolved, That throughout the (1) That in the opinion of this coming year, we give ourselves most A Christian Procession earnestly to prayer every day, thank- Council the Christian public must ing God for mercies received, humbly Ahmednagar, one of the confessing before Him our shortcom- American Board stations, has work for the extinction of the trade ings and sins, and waiting upon Him witnessed drastic retrenchment. for a mighty outpouring of the Holy Somehow the impression got in intoxicants for the following three Spirit ….. . abroad that Christian work was collapsing. When Easter came, main reasons: (a) That from the 7. Resolved, Finally, that a similar the Indian leaders, of their own call be sent to the older churches in accord and uninspired by mis- economic point of view the manufac- the U. S. A., by whose faith and sionaries, decided to have a pro- prayers and gifts the work was becession of Christians through ture and consumption of intoxicants gun, and who are still helping us to this city of 50,000, singing is mere waste. (b) That from the carry it on, asking them to pray with hymns appropriate to Easter. us and for us throughout the year. They said we must let the non- medical point of view it is injurious Christians know that the Chris- to the public health. (c) That from -Presbyterian Banner. tian movement is not dead. In this same district, because of re- the moral and religious point of view Baptist Telugu Mission trenchment measures, the responsibility for evangelizing the it is an impediment to the full de- From the Report of the Amervillages has fallen directly on velopment of the highest type of life, ican Baptist Telugu Mission, Indian leadership. This last South India, we find the total year has been marked by the whether individual or corporate. population is 7,648,139; mission baptism of a considerable num- stations are 28; missionaries on ber of Hindus, their preparation (2) That the ultimate goal of any the field, 78; organized churches, being entirely the work of In- 337; churches self-supporting, dians. Drastic retrenchment Temperance Movement is the creation 145; church members, 110,690; has brought its problems, but In- of a public opinion which accepts and and baptisms for 1933, 4,776. dian leadership has accepted its In 952 Sunday schools there challenge. acts on these propositions. were 27,550 pupils. The number (3) That the Council appeals to of ordained preachers was 67. Legislation on Temple Girls the churches to study the problem There has been a revival in Some of the more progressive the Kurnool field, with large in- Indian states were the first to from the religious standpoint, and to gathering. During the year introduce legislation which made some of the Christians were the dedication of girls to temple discover and live up to the full im- called to undergo persecution. service illegal. A few years ago Some were unj ustly thrown into the Madras legislative council plications of Christian discipleship in jail because they refused to vote passed an act by which this evil for certain officials, and others was met in the Madras presi- this matter. were imprisoned for refusing to dency. Last week the Bombay participate in Hindu worship. legislative council passed a bill (4) That the Government be urged Fiery persecution came to a which is more or less on the lines beautiful Komati girl of fourof the Madras legislation. Ac- to use all possible methods to educate teen years, and often her back cording to the bill just passed the rising generation on the economic, was covered with welts from the dedicating a girl or woman as a cruel rod. Her testimony was, devadasi (servant of the god) in hygienic and moral aspects of the "You may take my life, but I any place in the presidency of question. will not deny Christ." Bombay, even if it were to take place with the consent of the (5) That in the opinion of this -Watchman-Examiner. person dedicated, is prohibited. This ancient custom is attended Council the dependence of the Govern- CHINA with grave evils, for the girls ment on the liquor traffic as a regular thus dedicated become in reality Far East Awake prostitutes. source of revenue must be injurious The 97th Annual Report of· -The Christian Century. to the public welfare, and they would the Board of Foreign Missions therefore urge: (a) that steps be of the Presbyterian Church sur- veys the present situation in taken to find other methods for re- China, Japan and Korea: placing the revenue; (b) that so long All barriers and opposition seem to have vanished; the anti-Christian as any traffic in liquor continues it movement of a few years ago is should be taxed as highly as is pos- sible, short of driving it into illicit channels; and (c) that so long as any revenue from this source continues to exist, it be set aside for capital ex- penditure. especially for grants for original outlay on scientific research, medical or other philanthropic proj- -Dnyanodaya. ects.

Another Centenary November 5, 1834, marked the founding of Presbyterian missionary work in India, with the arrival of Dr. J. C. Lowrie in Ludhiana. It was from this Punjab station that, in the dark days of the Indian Mutiny in 1858, went out the call to prayer which resulted in the Week of_ Prayer throughout the Christian world. Early in this centennial year a similar call was sent out: In view of the completion of a cen- tury of Christian work by our Mis- sions in India, of God's great goodness to us throughout this long period and of the great things He has wrought

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

drowned in an ocean of interest. An ism, he said that this reverence or a certain organ designated by unbelievable harvest is waiting. The is more of a cultural than reli- the Central Government to look harvest is not only waiting; it is be- gious character, more accurately, after matters relating to drouth ing gathered…… The Japanese a school of philosophy. This prevention, its functions to be to Christian leaders feel that the Ap- does not detract from its value, direct and guide the farmers in praisal Commission tended to idealize or the greatness of the character the cultivation of late crops and the native faiths of Japan and did not of its founder. see them as they really are, "that they cereals which mature quickly, saw Buddhism and Shinto from the The Government holds in the seed to be directly supplied; front and not from the rear," as equal esteem all rei i gi 0 n s, to investigate actual conditions Doctor Ibuka, President Emeritus of whether it be Buddhism, Mo-. in the stricken areas and direct Meiji College, put it. They also say, hammedanism, Christianity, or farmers in the irrigation of "We want to make it clear that to any other faith. It also expects their fields; to make plans for neglect preaching in the pioneer stage all religious sects in the country the apportionment of seeds for of evangelism in which we find our- to maintain an attitude of toler- winter sowing; to supervise selves does not fit the national con- ance towards all other religions various districts in the creaditions obtaining in Japan" …… The besides their own. The Govern- tion of emergency organs for the "All Korea Evangelistic Campaign," ment will not, for instance, hold relief of the drought; to regulate in which Presbyterian and Methodist Buddhism in special favor be- the supply of foodstuffs in the Churches united, began during the cause of its desire to pacify the affected areas and stabilize the preceding autumn with a season of people of Tibet; nor will it hold price of cereals; and to prohibit prayer and study in the Churches de- Mohammedanism in special fa- making wine out of cereals. signed to deepen the spiritual life of vor because of its wish to pacify the members……after which the the Mohammedan people, Presi- 2. A drouth prevention fund churches and the missionaries distrib- of $1,000,000 be specially approuted 1,400,000 copies of a twenty-four dent Wang said. page "Life of Christ." priated, of w hi c h $800,000 -Chinese Affairs. should be expended on the pur- The Ohristian Population English Language Banned chase of seeds for distribution The National Christian Coun- among the farmers, and the balcil has attempted to compile statistics of the Christian popula- As an evidence that the ance of $200,000 to be used as tion connected with all non- Chinese are increasingly nation- administrative expenses. Roman churches, and of the -Chinese Affairs. number of foreign missionaries. conscience, desiring to preserve This has been the more difficult because national churches cross their country from cultural indenominational and missionary lines, but the following figures vasion from outside lands, Prof. Ohristian Rural Service Union are considered approximately Henry Huizinga of the Univercorrect: sity of Shanghai cites the re- The Kiangsi Christian Rural 1923 1932 cently adopted rule of the gov- Service Union is an organization ernment in Nanking, that no of Chinese and Western Chris- Communicants …… 402,539 488,539 signboards of Chinese stores in tians who feel the call to help Under religious in- Nanking may henceforth carry build a new rural citizenship to fit the new China. The work struction ……… 292,857 239,655 English words. Professor Hui- area is Lichuan Hsien in South- Ordained Chi n e s e zinga writes further: "In many eastern Kiangsi on the border universities Chinese professors of Fukien, one of the recently re- clergy ……….. 1,966 1,865 are no longer allowed to lecture covered Communist areas. The Foreign missionaries. 7,663 6,150 in English. In many parts of project is to be manned chiefly by young Chinese Christians The Church of Christ in China both teachers and stu- with special training, who, for China, comprising "the Presby- dents must wear clothes made nothing more than a bare living, terian and Congregational com- only in Chinese style and of cloth will dwell in the midst of the munions, ….. also small groups woven in China. At the recent people, identify themselves with of independent and Baptist National Athletic Meet in the their needs, and work with them Christians," with a communicant capital city, the English lan- in solving their problems of remembership of nearly 120,000, guage was drastically banned building life. In this area deis by far the largest group, the structive social forces have long China Inland Mission coming from the athletic fields. Church been at work, leaving poverty next with 77,000. services, prayer m e e tin g s, chapel, and many other kinds of the underlying menace to an -The Church Overseas. student meetings which used to orderly and abundant life. Inde- be held in English are now ex- pendently financed, the project Religious Freedom clusively in Chinese." President Wang Ching-wei has reaffirmed the principle of -Missions. religious freedom. It cannot be attained, he pointed out, except To Oope with Drouth leaders will be quite free to through religious tolerance-re- bring the principles of Chrisspect for other sects and faiths. The Ministry of Industry has tianity to bear upon the acute Referring in particular to the approved a series of measures to problems of the countryside. national esteem for Confucian- cope with the drouth problem, The general plan is one of using providing that: local village men and women 1. A special organ be created who, through the "training-in-

service" method, will be molded show what this service has JAPAN-CHOSEN into leaders in their own com- meant. Gospel Towels munities. The movement is fi- "One poor fellow, lying on his nanced largely by Chinese Chris- bed in a state of extreme ex- Every Japanese has a towel tians. haustion was too far gone to somewhere on his person or near -Agricultural Mission Notes. speak, we were told. After sev- by. Accordingly, Kagawa con- eral of the other sick ones in ceived the idea of putting a peace that ward had been spoken to, message and a graphic portrayal Missionary Requirements we sang a hymn, which was fol- thereof on towels, and distrib- In the midst of all the hazards . lowed by a few words of ex- uting them to help Gospel work. of living in China – bandits, planation. Suddenly from one For example: "If these should murder, pirates – a rigorous of the beds a man called out in hold their peace, the very stones search for ways of strengthen- quite a loud voice, 'I believe on would cry out" (Luke 19: 40), ing Christian leadership is get- the Lord Jesus.' Looking round, together with a whimsical sketch ting under way. Problems of we found to our amazement that of Jesus' entry into Jerusalem missionary and Chinese Chris- the words came from the lips of when these words were uttered.

tian leadership are being ap- this dying man, whom we had Kagawa him s elf distributed proached simultaneously. A been told was too ill to speak. 5,200 of these among the lepers small survey team is starting a "We were standing in the throughout J a pan at New study of the situation. For ward when we saw a man beck- Year's. Another Kagawa towel about 16 years the question of oning to us. On going to his that has done valiant service has missionary training has received bedside we found that he was to do with Moses crossing the no attention nationally. The Na- very sick with fever, and unable Red Sea, and bears a quotation tional Christian Council has now to speak coherently. After a from the Gospel hymn, "The appointed another committee on time we understood that he was Lord will provide." missionary training. Chinese -Watchman-Examiner. leaders must, it is agreed, in- telling us that, when well, he A "Living Epistle" crease both in numbers and in- had attended one of our Gospel fluence. Missionaries, it is ad- meetings, and now he asked if Mr. Takasaki, member of a mitted (except in some mis- we would pray with him. Upon prominent firm, has retired sions) must decrease numeri- doing so, a patient in the next bed remarked, 'He knows how cally, and learn how to wield in- to pray himself. He has always from business and is taking an fluence in subordinate positions; prayed before having his food!' active part in the Japan Methbut both need strengthening along the same lines. Their Then another one, whose face odist Church. Seeing its weakpreparation must be more thor- beamed with happiness, said, 'I ened financial condition, which ough. It must make both effec- am praying to God three times every day, in the morning, and meant the closing of church after church and the dismissal tive agents in social rebuilding. at midday, and in the evening.' of minister after minister, Mr. They must be equipped for a new Another one told us 'I am so Takasaki accepted this problem program which is yet, speaking happy to be trusting in the Lord as his special mission. He enin the large, to be discovered. Jesus Christ. -The Christian Century. couraged the laymen to form a -Chinese Recorder. laymen's assocation whose im- mediate objective was the rais- For Wounded Soldiers Mission to Mongolia ing of the shortage due to the withdrawal of mission funds. Over a year ago Madame The first Chinese missionary The work was attempted in a Chiang Kai-Shek expressed a to be sent to Mongolia by a very spiritual way. Mr. Takadesire that something be done to Chinese church is J en Ta-lin, a saki began to move about the bring the comfort of the Gospel graduate of the Theological De- different churches, paying his to wounded soldiers in the large partment of Shanghai College. own expenses, talking to laymilitary hospitals in Nanchang. He has been appointed by the men; and he put the problem Immediately three groups of Chinese Home Mission Society up to them, asked them to pray Chinese and foreign workers to preach in Mongolia, with Wu about it. and took no subscrip- Shan-lien, a preacher who has were organized from the various been working in Kalgan for the tions. This movement went on missions of the city. After con- quietly and he was able to an· sultation with the medical offi- past ten years, as his associate. nounce recently that twenty-five cers in charge, weekly visits They will spend a year in Inner thousand yen had been sub- Mongolia, preaching in all the scribed for 1934 and that fifteen were arranged, and have been principal places. The opening continued ever since. Over thousand was already in hand. 2,000 Pocket Testaments have of schools in Mongolia will be This money comes from a memo . been distributed. In addition to considered by the China Home bership of 1,549. The money the weekly service, visits are Mission Society should this visit has been raised without any paid to serious cases in the prove successful. urging or special appeals, but – Watchman-Examiner. simply by placing the facts bewards. The following incidents

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

for the people and asking them The chapel at the "Widely mitted, but with the proviso that to pray about it. Loving Society" Orphanage and "work must never be more than -United Church Record. Poole High School for Girls in eight hours at a time, and not the diocese of Osaka were totally after nine o'clock in the eve- Bible Distribution in Japan destroyed, with the loss of 18 ning." The penalty for a breach The Bible House in Tokyo, lives. of the law is imprisonment for just off the Ginza, the main busi- Typhoon Hits Osaka not more than a year, or a fine ness street, consists of eight up to Yl,OOO. While progress stories above ground and two Tiles flying, tin roofs ripped has been noted in Tokyo, little below. The money was given by off and carried away, windows change is apparent in other large Mrs. Russell Sage in memory of smashed and blown in, wind and cities. rain pouring in and making -The Church Overseas. her husband. The American Bible Society havoc inside houses, buildings began its work in Japan in 1837 and fences crashing down! Such Korean Ohristians in Japan in brief is the sketch of the storm but an agency was not estab- whose very centre struck Osaka The Union Christian Church lished until 1876. In these years about 8: 30 on September 21. for Koreans in Japan has been of service more than 13,000,000 organized, and most of the evanvolumes of the Scriptures have Down near the harbor the waves gelical denominations express rushed in sweeping boats and willingness to cooperate. been distributed and three times wreckage far inland. The conwithin the past decade the year- crete piers were destroyed, leav- There are now 45 fully organly distribution has been more ing only the iron girders standthan 900,000 copies. ing. Mud three or four feet ized churches with 18 other reg- ular meeting places and 2,288 Last year the Japan agency deep came along with the water believers. Work for young peo- ple is relatively strong with 42 employed twenty-one full-time and settled in the streets, houses Sunday schools having an enrollcolporteurs who traveled over and everywhere. Many were ment of 2,448; 54 Daily Vaca- 34,000 miles, visiting 339,063 drowned; more were killed by falling buildings, telegraph poles tion Bible Schools with some homes and institutions. Last or flying tiles from the roofs. 2,778 children in attendance; year the agency secretary, Rev. An express train from Tokyo- and 28 Christian Endeavor So- Karl E. Aurell, skillfully guided Osaka was laid on its side on cieties with a membership of the activities of the work so as the bridge crossing the Seta- 792. The Christian educational gawa, near Kyoto, when over work for Koreans includes 24 to put more entire Bibles into one hundred people were killed circulation than in any preced- or injured. In Osaka, sixty-four night schools with an enrollment of 664, and seven kindergartens ing year of the Society's history school buildings were blown with 235 children in attendance.

of Scripture distribution in Japan.

Doshisha Losses by Typhoon down, killing some eight hun- While the Korean people in Japan are for the most part very The most destructive typhoon dred children. Up to Septem- poor and often unemployed, the ever recorded in modern history ber 28, there were 1,646 deaths c h u r c h contributions totaled of Japan swept over the western reported in Osaka Prefecture Yen 13,529.00 last year. part of the country, particularly alone with 8,813 injured, missthe Osaka-Kyoto district, with -Japan Christian Quarterly. unprecedented violence on Sep- ing 316 persons. tember 21. About 3,000 men and Church property and the Ohildren's Bible Clubs women were killed; 13,000 injured; 100,000 houses demol- Church Orphanage were de- Bible Clubs for children have ished; 300 primary and second- stroyed in Osaka and the Chapel had a steady growth in the four ary school buildings collapsed. of Our Redeemer was totally de- years since their beginning. The result of investigation at the Doshisha showed: stroyed. New clubs have been formed, Fortunately, the weather that and the leaders, practically all of King Dormitory, given by whom are students of Union President King of Amherst Col- morning prevented the children Christian College and Academy lege; gymnasium, archery and from holding their Morning have developed in their leader- ship of children and in their Service in the Chapel; otherwise many would have undoubtedly been killed or inj ured.

wrestling rings of the College of Protection for Ohildren loyalty to our Bible Club spirit. Commerce; wrestling ring of The Bible Club program has its the University; bicycle cottage In October, 1933, a measure center in the now fully developed of the Middle School had col- was placed on the Statute-book Ceremonial of Worship, which lapsed; and J unka Hall and Col- in Japan which is a charter of is followed once each week in lege of Commerce were partially freedom for many children. It every Bible Club. During the collapsed, while many roof tiles reads as follows: "No child ceremonial the children sit in and windows were broken. The under 14 may be employed as a rows forming. a large square, total damage suffered at the waitress or geisha where alco- while they conduct the program Doshisha is estimated at Y93,- holic drink is being served." entirely by themselves. The Certain exceptions are per- program inc 1u des sentence 750.00.

prayers and reciting of Bible Of the native races in North GENERAL verses. Twenty to thirty lead in Borneo, of which there are prayer, and as many as fifty roughly 150, about fifty can be The Missionary Job stand and recite Bible verses. called Dyak, but the most im- The entire Club then rises and portant people are not the ab- Dr. Lewis B. Franklin, Viceas one of their number leads re- originals or Malays, but the Chipeats in unison the words of nese. One result of Christian President and Treasurer of the Luke 2: 52. work among these Chinese is that the Gospel is beginning to Episcopal National Council, told There are now fourteen Bible take root and to grow in Chinese Clubs in the city of Pyengyang soil. It is not merely that they a diocesan conference at Newwith an enrolment of over 1,500 believe in the religion of the mischildren. Similar Bible Clubs sionaries; they are beginning to port, R. I., what, in his opinion, have been organized in near-by make Christianity their own. country churches until now they is a clergyman's missionary job: number ten. The Club children -The Mission Field. carryon work for the slums and "An aroused laity can always during the past year some sixty Witchcraft in Papua bushels of grain, over two hun- manage the financial side. The dred pieces of clothing, also Mr. Russell Abel writes of the kindling wood and other neces- fearful grip of superstition upon pastor's job is not to collect sities of life, were distributed the natives of New Guinea: among the poor. They also gave money but to create atmosphere; thirteen yen and thirty-nine sen "This morning I turned from for the cause of Korean Foreign the round of pressing duties to to build a background of con- Mission work in Shantung, have a long chat with a young China. couple in great distress of mind. verted people who will support .They had been converted about a ISLANDS OF THE PAOIFIO year, had clutched at every op- the campaign. Members must portunity to learn more of the The Gospel in Borneo Christian life, but blackmail and be educated to share their in- the fear of sorcery had driven The first missionary sent to them into serious compromise, come rather than give of their North Borneo by the S. P. G. until at last they had lost the went out in 1887. For a time he faith that had been theirs. surplus." was the only missionary there. He used to travel hundreds of "An old sorcerer was in love In dealing with missionary miles up and down the coast with the young woman. Infurlooking after all the isolated iated by her Christian stand and sermons, Dr. Franklin laid down planters and government offi- her resistance to his perpetual cials. He made it his duty to advances, he had put them both four points of procedure: (1) visit each one of these at least under a powerful 'spell.' In once a year, enduring many Papuan eyes they were 'be- Attract Attention. (2) Arouse hardships. He once went to the witched,' and therefore as good Philippine Islands to baptize a as dead. Every native knows Interest. (3) Create Conviction. child, and Customs officers what will happen when that grim opened his baggage and confis- word is pronounced by a sor- (4) Produce Action. The parson cated his clerical collar, because cerer. 'Teacher, we would be they said he was a Protestant lying if we said we were not should (1) Visualize, (2) Perand had no right to a collar! The frightened,' said the woman. baptism had to be camouflaged 'He bewitched three members of sonalize, (3) Vitalize, (4) Dramas an afternoon party, otherwise my family and each one died.' Spanish authorities would have "Your turn next," he says.' atize. As for material, "use put a stop to it. "We laid the whole problem your sanctified imagination." This pioneer, Rev. William H. before the Lord. I told them of Elton, built the only stone church one now working for God in Read magazines, books and in Borneo; very few in the east Sidea, who had been marked are better. In 1914 he retired, down to die just as they were, pamphlets, but make them your and there has been continued who prayed, trusted, and lived, growth on the foundations he while the sorcerer who had un- own. -The Churchman. laid. There are now six pastors, dertaken to bewitch him had of whom three are European and himself died raving in our hos- Oentury of Women's Work three Chinese. A new school pital here. But the hold this has been opened at Jesselton for black magic has upon the peo- The official history of womboys, and also a school for girls. ple's minds is nothing short of en's work in the mission field is hypnotic." just a century old. It was in 1834 that the first women's mis- -Kwato Mission Tidings. sionary society was founded in response to a definite call from the field. In July of that year a number of women representing leading churches in London met in the same building where the C. M. S. had its beginning, and a committee of 24 was appointed for "Promoting Female Educa- . tion in the East." Within the first fifteen years of its history the society had some twenty women missionaries at work in India, Ceylon, China, Palestine and South Africa. Today no fewer than 526 single women and 265 married women are serving the C. M. S. – a total which is more than double that of the men on its roll.

-C. M. S. Outlook.

o Cross, how is it I can sing thy praise? Thou art like precious warmth on win- ter days! -Utsunomiyu, A Japanese Christian Leper. Our Missionary Bookshelf Books Briefly Reviewed for the Readers' Information Reminiscences of Livingstonia. By drained pastors and 33,000 superstition and witchcraft, as . Robert Laws, C.M.G., M.D., D.D., Christians. A large central mis- he came into contact with them, sion station was built at Band- the peculiarities of the language, LL.D. Illus. 8 vo. 272 pp. 6 sh. awe; health conditions had the building up of the native net. Oliver and Boyd. London. greatly improved under his med- church and the extension of the ical care and sanitary work. The work into outlying districts. 1934. slave trade is no more; peace There are also chapters on other prevails among the native tribes missions and popular accounts Dr. Laws, who has been called and the mental and' spiritual of the fauna and flora of the to his reward since this book country. The book is a valuable was written, was one of the most outlook of the people has so contribution to the annals of remarkable missionaries of re- changed that they are a truly missionary history and an excent times. He spent over fifty- "new creation." "Old things are cellent companion volume to two years in Nyasaland and was passed away; behold all things "Laws of Livingstonia." greatly beloved and honored by are become new." Dr. Laws all who knew him. The story of and his associates built well on The Rainbow Bridge-A Study of his life and work, as told by W. good foundations. He not only Paganism. By John Strong New- P. Livingstone in "Laws of Liv- preached the Gospel but he lived berry. Pp. 346. $3.75. Houghton ingstonia," is one of the most it. He not only taught the peo- Mifflin. New York. 1934. stirring and noteworthy biog- ple .to read and write but he taught them carpentry, farming, In spite of its attractive title, raphies that have ever been and iron work so that many fascinating style and display of written. It is a story of heroic have become skilled mechanics, learning and documentation, this pioneering, of unswerving aim artisans, nurses, teachers and book is very disappointing. preachers. Dr. Laws never lorded and faithful service, of victory The author has a theory to over difficulties and trials, of it over the natives and did not support, namely that Totemism miracles of transformation, and do for them the things they is at the basis of the origin and spiritual harvests reaped in the development of all religion. "The lifetime of one man in one field. should learn to do for them- earliest example of religion," he selves. He endured many hard- says, "was the worship of a Robert Laws went to Nyasa- ships and suffered much sick- beast. This creed of the caveland in 1875 and was the first ness; he passed through numer- man developed into Totemism, white man to reach the north ous dangers from wild beast which circled the globe." end of Lake Nyasa. At that time tribal warfare and the slave and wild men and had some We read in the Foreword, trade were flourishing and 1,200 thrilling escapes. His life was "This tale of beasts and men and slaves were being taken across demi-gods and gods traces the the lake annually by Arab slave full of trials, sorrows and dis- history of paganism from the dealers. Raids and fighting were appointments but also of joys Stone Age to the Age of Perikles. I have undertaken to analyze the almost continuous. It was a and rewards of service. The ideas that formed the basis of wild, unhealthy, unsubdued coun- guidance and power of God were the religious cults of the cavetry. The first school was opened constantly evident. men, the Sumerians, the Chinese at Cape Maclear, on the south and Japanese, the Hindus, the end of Lake Nyasa, with no These reminiscenses are also Egyptians, the Persians, the Heequipment. The lid of a provi- brews, the Phrygians, and the sion box, held on one pupil's valuable since they give first- Greeks, and to co-ordinate these knee, with a paper on which was different racial attempts to exthe alphabet printed by hand, hand information as to the ex- ploit the supernatural, thus showing how the beliefs of the constituted the first school book. periences passed through in savage evolved into the creed of During Dr. Laws' lifetime this the most enlightened race of ansmall primitive school increased founding and building up the cient times." to 644 well organized schools in the district, with 1,347 trained great Livingstonia Missio.n. Full credit is given to Dr. Laws' asnative Christian teachers and sociates in his humble but vivid 28,330 pupils. There were also narrative of events in which he 37 native churches with 15 or- was the chief actor. Some of the most interesting and inform- ing chapters deal with African Any of the books noted in these columns wiI1 be sent bY' the REVIEW publishers on receipt of price.

[597 ] Each of the great world reli- The Rainbow Bridge is largely lived, with but little change, gions is presented in a series of a story based on myth and im- since emancipation. The shadow chapters from this standpoint, agination. Those who know the of the old slave plantation rests but the authorities quoted do not Living Way to the Father will upon them. A few remember include those scholars that have find little help in the study of those old slavery days, and of rejected the totem-theory as other faiths from this book. these there are some who think wholly inadequate in this con- SAMUEL M. ZWEMER. that they were better off then nection. The Sound of Trumpets. By Arthur than now; but most of the group The author depends mostly on T. Moore. Paper. Southern Meth- young or old, prefer their pres- odist Board, Nashville, Tenn. 1934. Reinach and Robertson Smith. ent liberty, while at the same There is scarcely a reference to This is part of an appeal to time few have escaped from clethe more recent investigations stem missionary retreat by lib- pendence upon white men and and conclusions of such men as eral giving. It has a spiritual Schmidt, LeRoy, Barton Lowie appeal, and is a challenge to new from antiquated and shiftless companionship with Christ in habits, the inheritance from. and others. troubled times, when the revival slavery. To say, as the author does, of a confident, courageous faith is the need of the hour. The The family of this section that "Totemism is the one foun- closing chapter by E. Stanley shows the blight of old slavery dation of all religious thought, Jones, gives eleven clinching days. Illegitimacy, common law arguments for the worthwhilethe aboriginal basis of every ness of Christian missions. mar ria g e, easy separation myth and cult. Survivals of it (naively called divorce) and a exist in every land. Indeed it H.H.F. general low standard .of sex was the source of social prog- morals prevail. Yet in spite of ress," is begging the question. this looseness, considerable sta- When we turn to the chapter bility in family relationships is entitled "The Tree of Knowl- Shadow of the Plantation. By Charles the rule; and on the other hand edge," we have an account of the S. Johnson. 215 pp. $2; Univer- there is much that is admirable origin of the Jewish religion in sity of Chicago Press. 1934. and even beautiful in the home which the "slips" so-called in the The author of this interesting life. No matter how tiny may Bible narrative are emphasized, and valuable study is the head be the cabin, and how little of and doubt is expressed concern- of the department of Sociology furnishings and of food there ing the historicity of the whole in Fisk University, Nashville, are within it, yet the children of the Old Testament until the Tennessee, and no one is better and grandchildren, and even time of Saul. In speaking of qualified in training and experi- nephews and nieces, are wel- Noah, Abraham, and the Patri- ence for such a research project. comed and given an ungrudging archs, the author concludes, This fact, and the further one portion of whatever there is to "And since as history these that the work was made possible share. events are wholly preposterous, by financial support from the The church and religious life while as myths they are reason- Julius Rosenwald Fund, guaran- arewhat wemight expect. Transably intelligible, there seems tees its accuracy and thorough- scripts of actual sermons and fusome ground for regarding the ness. The section chosen for this neral addresses are given by the first of the Israelites (Abraham) realistic study of Negro life in author; and one grows sad as as a humanized form of the god the deep south is a portion of he reads these, that the spiritual Macon County, Alabama, the leadership in such communities of fertility." Even in regard to Moses, we county in which Tuskeegee In- can offer nothing more to needy read, "It may be that there are stitute is located. How truly it souls; but one wonders still grains of actual fact to be found is a part of the "Black Belt" more at the conventional standin the story of Moses, but in the may be seen from the fact that ards of church life which have main the prophet, like Yima, over 82 per cent of the inhabi- crept in to the religion of these should be ranked only a little tants of Macon County are col- people. Many sins are overlower than the Yazatas. He is a ored. looked, but dancing and baseball humanized god of fertility, and In his introductory chapter are always taboo; and attacks his adventures are founded on a Prof. Johnson points out that we on them by the preacher invari- have mapped out for special ably bring fervent response. We cult." "The myth of Adam" is made study in this section, and in sim- must not forget that the intense to centre in "a miraculous apple" ilar sections all through the emotionalism of rural black (to which there is no reference Black Belt, a genuine case of folks today finds its counterpart in the Scriptures). This "apple" "folk ~ulture." The people are among the whites of a generawe are told is connected with a largely isolated. Few of those tion or two ago, and even in the whole series of Greek, Roman who go out into great world present among the more ignoand Phrygian legends, and we lying beyond their own, ever rant classes. have the astonishing conclusion come back; and this is partic- A very depressing picture is that Cain "was not a murderer, ularly true of the young who that of the economic conditions. for he was not a man. He was a find some opportunity for edu- Poverty, unrelieved poverty, god who annually died in order cation or self culture. The in- everywhere exists, partly due to habitants are living as they have the exhaustion of the land, partto restore fertility."

OUR MISSIONARY BOOKSHELF

ly because of the vicious finan- the struggle for religious liberty, in the lap of luxury. There was cial system which prevails. Through the latter the white and the reasons for the passing almost no money in the country man exploits the labor of the Negro, and by keeping him con- of the dissenting t r a d i t ion and none of the comforts of stantly in his debt keeps him a virtual slave. It is very evident among the churches of dissent- modern civilization. that no improvement in education and morals can be expected ing background. The church and Sunday school until this fundamental social disease finds some cure. Just One regrets that so much val- and day school all occupied the now the burden of the nation- uable historical material is pre- same building-a log structure wide depression presses down sented from an anti-evangelical with plenty of ventilation beupon these people with crushing viewpoint. The author, who is tween the logs. His memories of force. now professor of sociology in slavery, the Civil War and re- Dartmouth College, was a stu- construction days are most in- It would be a mistake to leave dent at Union Theological Sem- structive and thrilling and many the impression that there is any inary and later at Princeton. of them amusing. In 1869 he emotional propaganda in this book. It is an objective, real- He was ordained to the ministry traveled ten days to enter Washistic study, quiet in tone and of the Presbyterian Church in ington College at Lexington, Virconservative in statement; but the impressions are all the more 1896, but he has traveled far ginia, of which General Robert powerful because of this fact. away from his former faith. He E. Lee was then president. The ROBERT M. LABAREE. declares that "the doctrine that young man's impressions of this The Story of American Dissent. By the highest type of character great Christian are worth read- John M. Mecklin. 381 pp. $3.50. can only be purchased through ing. After having been gradu- Harcourt, Brace & Co. New York. 1934. a vicarious atonement is rejected ated from Union Seminary, The author has discussed this both by science and democracy Richmond, and brief pastorates interesting subject with full recognition of its importance. as psychologically absurd and in North Carolina, and other He has delved deeply into the history of the numerous dissents immoral" (p. 365), and that southern centers, Mr. Chester that have affected religious thought in America, and has col- A mer i can Protestantism is was elected Secretary of the Exlected a large and varied amount of information regarding them. "handicapped" by "an outworn ecutive Committee for Foreign While he describes the dissent that has arisen in and against and impossible supernaturalism" Missions of the Presbyterian many denominations, he devotes special attention to the Baptist, (p. 370): ,He vouchsafes the Church, with headquarters at Methodist and Presbyterian bodies, which he classes "among opinion that the churches which Nashville, Tennessee. This post the most powerful sources of moral and spiritual energy in perpetuate it "present today the he occupied for thirty-two years. this country." He adds: tragic spectacle of great organi- After 1893 his experiences were A little more than a century and a half ago these denominations, which zations with wealth and numbers varied-traveling in China, Konow compose forty per cent of all adult church members and two-thirds and responsibilities but without rea and Japan in 1897, when of all Protestants, were despised dissenting minorities in the powerful col- great living traditions, without travel was more difficult than toonies of Massachusetts and Virginia. . . . . . . The Baptists and Methodists, any real insight into modern life day, a visit to Brazil in 1901 and who were beaten and banished in Massachusetts, buffeted and ridiculed in and no great consuming enthu- journeys north and south, east Virginia, have become great conservative churches which in the prohibition siasms" (page 371). and west over the American concontroversy arrogated to themselves the right to control the conscience of Such statements, and others tinent; to Europe in 1920 and the nation. How are we to explain that might be cited, indicate a· 1925; wrestling with various this profound transformation? biased mind and a lack of fa- administrative and missionary miliarity with the Protestantism problems in the Congo and else- He answers this question in a of today, rather surprising in where. series of chapters' in which he one who professes to be a his- The book is a collection of indiscusses the various factors that torian. One may sympathize teresting recollections and congave rise to the dissenting with his criticisms of certain re- tacts with many well-known groups, the part they played in actionary groups, but we know and little – known characters. of no "great" denominational Here we find a wisdom and phi- "organizations" to which the losophy, rich experience and a sentences quoted above jointly keen sense of humor, together with charming Southern cour- apply. ARTHUR J. BROWN. tesy that make the reading de- Memories of Four Score Years-An lightful and rewarding. Dr.

Autobiography. By Samuel Hall Chester and his wife are charac- Chester, D.D. Illus. 8 vo. 235 pp. ters worth knowing. They are $2.00. Presbyterian Committee of Publication, Richmond, Va. intensely human and at the same time reveal their spirit of sacri- Few lives of such active, va- ficial service and their Christ- ried and effective service cover a like nobility of character. period of eighty years. Dr.

Chester was born in Arkansas Education of Primitive People. By on January 17, 1851, and experi- Albert D. Helser. Illustrated. 8 vo.

enced all the hardships of pio- 316 pp. $3.00. Fleming H. Revell. neer days when wild Indians and New York. 1934.

wild animals were plentiful. The real value of this book is Samuel Chester was not coddled apt to be lost if the reader allows

himself to be swayed by first im- C h r i s t ian experience, are There is a distinct assertion of pressions. The extravagant matched by an excellent English the essential relation of Jesus claims made for the author by style, possibly sharpened by his and His religion: "Jesus is more the writer of the Foreword do knowledge of more than one In- than the founder of the Christian not predispose the judicious stu- dian tongue. The book makes religion; He is the Christian redent to take the whole book very easy reading but leaves its im- ligion." In the same vein he seriously. This is greatly to be pression on the reader. The writes: "Social progress requires regretted for not only is the sub- many characters and movements individual regeneration ….. At ject of first importance to the described often run over into the the heart of social programs lies missionary and educator, but it Christian field. Pandita Rama- the requirement of a moral and is treated here in such a fashion bai and Sundar Singh came out religious process transforming as to compel attention and awake from Hinduism while "Praying admiration. In fact, those who John Hyde" was never in it, but the personal life of the individlook around for Dr. Helser's each received influences from the ual." The work is well documonument will best find it in his religious conditions of India mented for further investigaown work as here presented. which doubtless affected life tion. CLELAND B. McAFEE. deeply. Dr. Griswold writes Similarly, the far too exten- widely from personal acquaint- Biblical Backgrounds. By J. McKee sive use of long quotations in the ance with Gandhi, Vivekananda, Adams, Ph.D. Maps and Illus. 800 opening chapters should not be Sundar Singh, Tagore and oth- pp. $3.75. Baptist Sunday School taken as evidence that Dr. Hel- ers. He gives an account of the Board. Nashville, Tennessee. 1934. ser has no opinions of his own. rise and disappearance of Krish- He has plenty of them, and they namurti, the youth whom Mrs. Sunday-school teachers, pasare as thoroughly worth study- Besant picked out as the next tors and other Bible students ing as those of some whose writ- world-teacher. Of these twen- will find this a very useful comings he quotes. But Dr. Helser, ty-three chapters, seventeen are pendium of valuable information although he abounds in love, cer- devoted to separate movements about Bible lands and peoples, tainly does not speak with the of Hinduism and four to various especially ·their geography and tongues of angels, and sometimes Christian characters in India. history. It contains twenty-five not with those of men. On the Probably nowhere could as much maps and about one hundred contrary he relies too often on information regarding Hindu excellent photographic illustramodern catch-phrases and, after movements be found in one vol- tions. The studies are taken up pulling his drag-net through a ume. CLELAND B. McAFEE. geographically in fourteen chapsea of words is apt to pick out ters in the order in which they very queer fish. The W orId Mission of the Christian are related to Bible history; Religion. By Wade Crawford Bar- from ancient Mesopotamia to the But the real merit of the book clay. 12 mo. 301 pp. $1.25. Cokes- Rome and Greece of New Testalies elsewhere. Here we have bury Press. Nashville, Tenn. 1934. ment times. The volume is well concrete examples, and many of documented and indexed. Dr. them, of how the soul of a prim- This volume of the Standard Adams, professor of Biblical Initive community can be nour- Training Series, is intended for struction in the Southern Bapished and developed, of how the class use but is well adapted to tist Theological Seminary at shadowy longings of the African individual study. Dr. Barclay Louisville, Kentucky, endeavors heart can be helped to concrete presents twelve studies in the very successfully to set before expression in terms of immedi- actual program of the Christian us, in a nonpartisan spirit, the ate local significance. At Gar faith in dealing with Society, results of his careful study of Rida in Nigeria they are doing Inter-racial, Economic, and In- the background of Bible history. some of those things of which ternational Relationships, Servothers have only dreamed. We ice for Youth and Childhood and Back of the Mountain. By Mary are grateful to learn how they Mankind as a whole. He closes are doing them, and to verify with an encouraging chapter on Brewster Hollister. 155 pp. $1.25. once more that the job of the the hope for a Christlike world. actor lies not in the study of the His point of view may be taken Fleming H. Revell. New York. part but in the action. from this sentence: 1934.

KENNETH G. GRUBB. No longer is the Christian mission The author of "Mai-Dee of the exclusively or even predominantly Insights into Modern Hinduism. By thought of in terms of the geograph- Mountains," who writes on life Hervey DeWitt Griswold. 12 mo. ical expansion of Christianity, In- in China, has the happy gift of 288 pp. $2. Henry Holt & Co., stead it is primarily interpreted in portraying living personalities, New York. 1934. terms of the domination of the Chris- tian spirit and Christian ideals in the describing the historical back- No one could be better fitted relationships of parent with children, ground, and of linking up misthan Dr. Griswold to furnish the of neighbor with neighbor, of employer sionary problems with presentmaterial of this book. His long with employee, of owner with tenant, day conditions. service in India, his habits as a of seller with buyer, of one racial scholar, his intimate knowledge group with another within the same While in no wayan outstandof the individuals and move- community, of nation with nation, of ments of Indian life, his rich race with race, of one Christian group ing book, the story has sufficient with another, of the Christian religion with non-Christian religions. touch of romance to make it ac- ceptable to young readers, and enough regard for serious facts to command the interest of a stu- dent of affairs. H. H. F.

OUR MISSIONARY BOOKSHELF

Unkulunkulu in Zululland. By An- analyzed as to time and place, Soviet regime, is thrillingly in- drew Burgess. Illustrated. 8vo. personnel, message and objec- teresting and dramatic, yet 259 pp. $1.00. Board of Foreign tive. It would be well if every simply told and convincing. Missions, Norwegian L u the ran missionary and every Christian There seems to be no effort to Church. Minneapolis. 1934. would study it to find his own make the picture as bad as pos- place in God's program for the sible but it presents conclusive Unkulunkulu-"The G rea t world. While the epistles do evidence that one cannot look Great"-is the Zulu name for not quote the Great Commis- for liberty, mercy or justice in the Creator of the world. But sion, they are the result of obe- Soviet Russia today. The rulers these people believe that the dience to it. are doubtless engaged in a great creator has forgotten man and experiment to make Russia a has left him to his own de- Excavating Kirjath-Sepher's Ten s t ron g, independent, self-supvices. Mr. Burgess has gathered Cities. By Melvin Grove Kyle, D.D. porting country. But power is in this volume many very illu- 8vo. 203 pp. $2.50. Wm. B. in the hands of a small group, minating facts in regard to the Eerdmans Publishing Co. Grand which is supposed to represent pagan Zulus-their religious be- Rapids, Mich. 1934. the laboring classes. According liefs and traditions, their sacri- to this and other reports of eyefices, worship, witch-doctors and This is the last contribution witnesses, the experiment has customs. He gives a brief his- on Biblical archeology by the so many faults that radical tory of the Zulu race, a vivid late Dr. Kyle. It relates to dis- changes are necessary before it picture of life in their native coveries from 1926 to 1932 in can succeed. Some changes are kraals and some results of Kirjath-Sepher (Book Town) being made-such as the propa- Christian mission work. Two and in various other cities of ganda of falsehood, the deparmaps and eighty other illustra- Palestine. Much light is thrown ture from extreme communism tions help to visualize the story. on Canaanite life and religion, and lessening the power of the The information is somewhat on the period of the Judges and Ogpu or secret police-but the sketchy but it is an exception- Kings of Israel and on dates of Soviet attitude toward the inally readable book. While the Biblical events. The sixteen telligencia, toward religion and mission work described is Lu- pages of illustrations help to il- personal freedom must change theran, everyone interested in luminate the text. An index of if Soviet Russia is to survive. Zulus and in Christian progress places, discoveries and Biblical among them will find the whole references would give it added Mrs. Tchermavin vividly picvolume full of valuable informa- value. tures her own sufferings, detion. There is no index. scribes the despotic and cruel In the Cauldron of Russia. An Auto- tribunals, and tells of many Them Also. By Mary W. Booth. biography by I. S. Prokhanoff. friends killed or exiled without Illustrated. 8vo. 254 pp. 3s. 6d. Illustrated. 8vo. 270 pp. $1.50. any trial or proven wrongdoing. Pickering & Inglis. Glasgow. 1934. All-Russian Evangelical Christian The story is divided into two Union. New York. 1934. parts-(l) trials, imprisonment A missionary of the Zenana and exile, and (2) the escape Bible and Medical Mission for Here is a story of Russia from into Finland in 1933. While this over a quarter of a century de- 1869 to 1933, from inside per- does not give the whole story of scribes here the triumphs of sonal knowledge. The author the Russian experiment and its Christ among women and girls was for many years the leading results, the book is well worth in Gorakhpur, United Provinces, evangelical Christian pastor in reading for the author wins con- India. Questions are answered Russia, being founder and pres- fidence as to her truthfulness. that puzzle many missionaries; ident of the All-Russian Evanproblems are solved in answer gelical Un ion. He suffered Kidnapping the Constitution. By Mrs. to prayer; stories are told of under the Tzars, persevered, Lucy W. Peabody. 12mo. 110 pp. transformations and of Christ- and was highly respected, and Boards, 40 cents. N. A. Lindsey & like service. These pages show now is in exile in America. He Co. Marblehead, Mass. 1934. clearly that the work of faith, tells his life story, describes the labors of love and patience of conditions in Russia at various Lawlessness has been on the hope are abundantly rewarded. periods, shows present needs increase and few seem to realize Here is a record of loving devo- and future hopes. The interest- where America is drifting. Mrs. tion in the care of the neglected ing information breeds deep Peabody, the de v 0 ted and children of India. As the girls sympathy for the suffering Rus- powerful advocate of "Christian grow to young womanhood they sians, especially for evangelical missions" and for "law enforceare trained to care for babies Christians. ment" makes a strong case and young children in the Name against the repeal of the Eightand Power of Christ. Escape from the Soviets. By Tatiana eenth Amendment. She calls to Tchermavin. Translated from the mind the birth of the Constitu- The Great Commission. By Henry Russian by N. Alexander. 8vo. tion, its defenders and the ef- W. Frost. Pamphlet. 25 cents. 320 pp. $2.50. E. P. Dutton. New forts to nullify it. The time has China Inland Mission. Phila- York. 1934. come to teach all American citi- delphia, Pa. 1934. zens and their children to re- This extraordinary f act u a I spect the Constitution and the Christ's Great Commission to record of the experiences of an His apostles is here defined and intelligent Russian woman, her husband and son, under the

laws of the land and to lead to believe in the deity of Christ, Second Hand. By Emma Gerberding them to think straight on moral the professor replied that the Lippard. 157 pp. Cloth, 75 cents. questions. This book will help student was reversing the nato restore the sense of national tural order, that he (the pro- United Lutheran Publication House, responsibility and shows the fessor) could not believe in God Philadelphia. 1934. basis of national strength. at all if he did not believe in Christ. Dr. Fisher's sermons are Here is a story of mission Women of the Old Testament and written in excellent English, and work in Japan that is of inter- Women of the New Testament. contain eloquent passages and est, both as an entertaining ro- 2 Vol. By Abraham Kuyper. quotations that indicate wide mance and as an answer to some Translated by Prof. Henry Zylstra. reading; but the argument of the criticisms raised in "Re- Paper 60 cents each. Zondervan would be more conclusive if he thinking Missions." Painted in- Pub. House. Grand Rapids, Mich. had presented more fully Christ's to the background is a vivid por- 1934. teachings regarding God. trayal of Japan of today. A young graduate of an American Dr. Kuyper, a famous Dutch A.J.B. statesman, Biblical scholar, and divinity school decides not to be author of "The Work of the God and the World. By J. T. Maw- ordained, but to teach English Holy Spirit," gives us eighty son. 144 pp. Cloth, 18. Pickering in Japan without any church brief sketches of women of the & Inglis, London. 1934. board connections, and with a Bible. They are reverent, valu- friendly sharing, equality, brothable and suggestive studies, Each of the 16 chapters enwholly Biblical and suited for deavor to analyze John 3: 16 erhood aim. His contacts with class discussion. Some of the which has been called "the Bible missionaries, his first-hand characters are unfamiliar, like in Miniature"; and help to show knowledge of their sacrificial Ada and Zillah, Jeroboam's wife its universal application to the service and ability to grapple and Azenath. Others are well needs of mankind. H. H. F. known. with a tangled situation, grad- A Chaplain in India. By G. M. ually make him feel the empti- Can I Know God? By Frederick B. Davies. Illus. 8 vo. 320 pp. 58. Fisher. 12 mo. 140 pp. $1.00. Marshall, Morgan & Scott. London. ness in his own motives and he Harpers. New York. 1934. 1934. comes finally to an overwhelm- ing desire, not to express him- One opens this little book with This chaplain, who here relarge expectation, for the title cords his memories, lives a use- self nor to help in a material suggests a helpful discusison of ful life and served his fellow way, but to give the light of the a vital theme and the author was countrymen in India for twenty- glory of God in Christ to all formerly a missionary bishop of one years. It is not only of inthe Methodist Episcopal Church, terest but reveals the opportuni- men. H.H.F. and later pastor of a large ties and importance of a British church in Ann Arbor, Michigan. chaplain's life. There are also Annals of an Indian Parish. By Ste- Of the ten chapters, only five are many sidelights on India and the phen Neill. 68 pp. Paper, 18. related to the title, the others Indians. The author worked in Church Missionary Society, London. being short sermons or various Bareilly, Sangor, Missoorie, 1934. unrelated topics. The first five Muttra, Kasauli, Amritsar, Nagchapters are captioned: Is There pur and elsewhere and describes Three years ago a missionary a God? What Is God Like? Can not only his experiences as chap- was required to take over from I Know God? Is Christianity lain but tells of work for the an Indian pastor temporary True? and, Is One Religion As Gouds, the prisons, in theaters, charge of a country parish. Thus Good As Another? We confess at melas. He writes of mission- he was brought very close to the to some aversion for the inter- ary unity, the Soldiers' Christian inner life of an Indian church, rogative phrasing of s u c h Association, earthquakes and and this book is a record of his themes. This was the method temperance work. The record is experiences. The purpose of the of the devil in the Garden of a simple narrative of personal narrative is to prove that the Eden, when he wished to create rat her detailed experiences work is not finished when conunbelief. We are puzzled, too, which will be of special interest verts are made, and that the care by the author's answers. The to the narrator and his friends. of the Christian Church, situmost effective approach, through ated as it is in the midst of Christ and His revelation of Life Indeed: The Victorious Life in superstitions and nonchristian God, he practically ignores and Four Aspects. By J. Russell How- standards and ideals is a task treats the problems as if they den. 12 mo. 133 pp. 28. 6d. Pick- calling for rare wisdom and pacould be worked out by means ering & Inglis. Glasgow. tience. of reason without the light thrown upon them by the Bible These chapters, along Keswick Liang A-Fa. By George Hunter Mcand the great Teacher. When lines, deal with repentance, con- Neur. 123 pp. Paper, 75 cents. a theological student told Pro- secration, faith and the Holy Kwang Hsueh Publishing House, fessor Bailey that he found it Spirit. They are by the Vicar of Shanghai. 1934. easy to believe in God but hard St. Peter's Church, Tunbridge Wells, and are clear cut, spir- Liang A-Fa was a colleague Qf itual expositions of truth. Dr. Robert Morrison, first Prot- estant missionary to China. The story of his life and work is a continuation of the Book of Acts of the Apostles. Of him a vet- eran missionary of the London Missionary Society said: "To

OUR MISSIONARY BOOKSHELF

faith and patience, carried to the and both are working together tory of the organization and in- plane of martyrdom, there was along three lines, physical, intel- cludes a list of duties of its of- added versatility of gifts and lectual and spiritual. The closing ficers and suggestions for methgraces that translates Christi- chapter pleads for a strengthen- ods of work. H. H. F.

anity into Chinese life, and uses ing of the work at this crucial Epistle Message: Sermons from Ad- vent to Trinity Sunday by Seven every gift and grace for its dif- stage. H. H. F. Ministers of the Lutheran Church. Edited by Herman F. Miller. 8 vo. fusion." De'ep Snow. An Indian Story. By 252 pp. $1.50. United Lutheran C. Kuipers. 152 pp. $1.00. Paper, Publication House. Philadelphia. Whatever the reason, Mr. 60 cents. Zondervan Publishing 1933. House, Grand Rapids, Mich. 1934. Liang was gradually forgotten; These thirty-seven sermons by This story, bound together by seven ministers are based on until a few years ago, even the a thread of romance, pictures texts and thoughts in the Letters the traditions, the background of of St. Paul, St. Peter and St. Chinese Christian Church knew James. They are thoughtful superstitious rites and ceremo- rather than unique, spiritual but nothing of him, when a strange nials of the Zunis and Navajos not popular in style. They deal in Arizona and New Mexico. It with such topics as hope, joy, the coincidence led to the discovery shows also the impact of Chris- coming of Christ, the glory of tian mission schools upon the God, worship, boasting, holiness, of his grave in 1918. Interest eager, spirited boys and girls religion and Pentecost.

in the remarkable pioneer began who respond to what is good in Ways That Are Dark. By Ralph the white man's way. The thrill- Townsend. 8 vo. 336 pp. $3.00. to revive, with the result that a ing romance, with a tang as pure G. P. Putman's Sons. New York. 1933. Chinese biography was pub- as mountain air, is a vivid por- trayal of certain phases of life "The Truth About China," the lished in 1930. In response to in the great Southwest. secondary title to this volume, is a misnomer. As is stated by a many requests the story is here H.H.F. review in the New Y.ork Times, the volume is "a long way from told in English. H. H. F. the whole truth about China," the author has had very limited Fresh Springs. By Phyllis L. Gar- contact with the Chinese, in time and area, and his views are evi- lick. 127 pp. Paper, 18. Church dently the result of inadequate Missionary Society, London. 1934. knowledge and immature judg- ment. He sees through smoked The story of the C. M. S. for Some Experiments in Living. By glasses so that he pictures the the year 1933. A very logical Peter Ainslie. 190 pp. $2.00. As- "ways that are dark" in very arrangement of topics is fol- sociation Press, 347 Madison Ave., somber hues and presents an in- New York. 1933. dictment of the whole Chinese lowed in this report of the C. race without discrimination. M. S. work for 1933 in various The Protestant pastor, who de- Authors long resident in China, bated with Judge Ben Lindsey such as Julian Arnold, Putnam fields. The author has developed on companionate marriage a few Weale, George Sokolsky, Henry the theme under the titles: years ago, candidly gives his Springs of Freedom in Africa; views, based on personal experi- Springs of Friendship in the ence in concrete cases, upon the practical possibility of applying Near East; Springs of Service the principle of Christian brothin India; Springs of Courage in erhood as a cure for social in- China; Springs of Hope in Ja- justice, interracial hatred, war, pan. family discord and church unity. The book is a record of thought- Binding the story together as fully worked out experiments in making Christ's teaching real in a whole is the central purpose everyday living, and is a chal- lenge to others to carry thesethat renewed inspiration be sought in the mutual discovery of fresh springs in Jesus Christ for renewing both society and the individual, and for the mis- sionary as well as the new con- vert. H. H. F.

Glimpses of Uganda. By K. M. E. experiments still farther in a Hodgkin, Joseph Bau, J. R. Lillingston. 73 pp. – – . Church reconstructed society. "Every Saunders, Edward Williams and Missionary Society, London. 1934. individual," the author asserts, others offer a good corrective to This brief record of impres- "who works toward abolition of these sketchy snap-judgments of sions, by one deeply interested the world's wrongs and the lib- one who has evidently little acin the development of the Native eration of inborn hopes and quaintance or sympathy with his Anglican Church in Uganda, ideals, is in so far a follower of subject. The Chinese Christian clearly shows the contrast be- Jesus. Human experience holds Student (published in America) tween conditions when East no finer romance than in follow- describes this volume as "the Africa was opened to the mis- ing Him." H. H. F. new low among books that pre- sionary and what we see at The New Why and How of Woman's tend to give the 'low down' about present. Missionary Union. By Wilma Ge- China."

The African of today is de- neva Bucy. 118 pp. Paper, – – . Chinese Ethical Ideals. By Rev. termined to get an education, Frank Rawlinson, M.A., D.D. Coland insists that it shall be defi- Southern Baptist Sunday School lege of Chinese Studies, Peiping, Board. Nashville, Tenn. 1934.

nitely Christian. Willing to meet A revision of a first edition China. 1934.

this demand, the government is which appeared in 1928, with The author's studies of China's cooperating with the missions, new material added. It is a his- literary, social and religious life

were conducted through a series While "virtuous living for the China Year Book. Edited by H. G. W. Woodhead. 854 pp. $12.50. of years in preparation of lec- common weal" appears to have University of Chicago Press. Chitures to foreign students of the been ideally the summum bonum cago. Chinese language and culture. of the sages, yet it became so Discussions we r e had with choked by the loyalties of family The Church Controversy in Germany. groups of Chinese to clarify his Anders Nygren. 115 pp. 28. 6d. and clan as to prevent its bloom- Student Christian Movement Press.

own thinking. While the book ing into a nation- and world- London.

concerns itself chiefly with Chi- blessing philanthropy. Good and Deeds of Daring. Archer Wallace. nese ethical ideals and values, it evil are the voluntary acts of na- 97 pp. $1.00. Harpers. New York.

deals also with their relation to tures all good by birth, the good Digest of the Presbyterian Church of the several "religions" of China. to be rewarded, the evil pun- Chosen-1934. Compiled by Charles The author believes that, though ished, either in this life or an- Allen Clark. 196 pp. Christian Lit- Confucianism is an ethical phi- other. Canons of virtue include erature Society. Seoul, Korea. E pis cop a I Church-Heritage of losophy, religiously rather ag- not merely most of the Old Tes- American Christian. Theo. St. nostic, though modern Taoism is tament code, but also many orig- Clair Will. 135 pp. $1.50 cloth; a compl~x of demonistic super- $1.00 paper. Morehouse Pub. Co. inating in the gross superstitions Milwaukee. stition, and though Buddhism of polytheism. Most Chinese was originally atheistic and later have an idea of some sort of fu- Financial Recovery for the Local polytheistic, yet, in the words of ture life. Those who look for Church. Julius Earl Crawford. 202 a modern Chinese critic, "Reli- "salvation,"-hardly known by pp. $1.00. Cokesbury Press. Nashgion has exercised immense that name,-expect to attain it ville. History of the Korean Mission, Prespower over the Chinese people." through ethical striving or per- byterian Church, U. S. A. 1884-1934. Tho ugh very pragmatic in sonal appeasing, not through Harry A. Rhodes, Ed. 673 pp. any atoning Saviour. Modern $2.00. Revell. New York and thought and life, yet the prac- scientific thought has destroyed Chosen Mission, Seol, Korea. tical and the mystical exist side by side, and the one "religion" for many scholars the idea of im- Margaret King's Vision. Mrs. Howhich seems to be surviving and mortality. ward Taylor. 165 pp. $1.00. China reviving at present is the mys- The little book's discussion of Inland Mission. Philadelphia. tical Buddhism, which, however, "Spirit and Matter," "Person- ality Values," and "How Far are o Carry Me Back. E. A. Bland. 317 after the example of Christian- Men Equal?" should prove of inity, is developing its social side. terest to ethical philosophers, pp. 28. 6d. Pickering & Inglis. Chinese thought has been more London. and somewhat less so to theoloinclined than that of the West to gians. For students of Missions, The Pageant of Chinese Historyseparate religion from ethics, in view of China's greatly dimin- From 3000 B. C. to Founding of the regarding relations with men as Republic. Elizabeth Seegar. $3.00. 386 pp. Longman's Green. New m 0 r e immediately important York. than hazily conceived relations ished reverence for her own an- Pablo and Petra-A Boy and Girl of cient culture, the interest will Mexico. Milicent H. Lee. $1.50. with deities generally feared and also be largely historic, yet well 152 pp. Crowell. New York. auueased rather than loved and repay perusal. obeyed. Religion in the Highlands. Elizabeth COURTENAY H. FENN. R. Hooker. 319 pp. $1.00. Home Missions Council. New York. 1933. The author seems hardly justi- Recent Developments in German fied in giving practically the Rainbow Bridge. By Florence Cran- Protestantism. Otto Piper. 159 pp. nell Means. 152 pp. Cloth, $1.50. 48. S. C. M. London. Christian content of "love" to Paper, 75 cents. Friendship Press, the "jen" of Confucius and other New York. 1934. The Rockefeller Foundation-Annual sages, which scarcely went be- Report. 477 pp. Rockefeller Founyond the idea of "good-will," or This book written for children dation. New York. under twelve years, will be en- "humanity," with un-Christian joyed by all interested in seeing The Story of American Dissent. limitations, and is often little the races brought into a broth- John M. Mecklin. 381· pp. $3.50. more than the "cosmic urge" or Harcourt, Brace & Co. New York. erly understanding. The "Rain- "vital impUlse." The worship of bow Bridge" is a miniature gar- Sally J o. Zenobia Bird. 216 pp. the temples and of the ancestors $1.50. Revell. New York. den ina dish, made by two has emphasized self-s e e kin g homesick Japanese children in Sadhu Sundar Singh. C. F. Andrews. rather than devotion. 205 pp. $2.00. Harpers. New York. America and comes to have a The chapter on "The Ethical special meaning for all the chil- Arabia and the Bible. James A.· Values of Micius" affords an ex- dren in the neighborhood, sig- Montgomery. 208 pp. $2. Uni- nifying a bond between their versity of Pennsylvania Press. cellent introduction to a moral varying interests and problems:- Philadelphia, Pa. reformer most worthy of attention, probably the highest of the H.H.F. Yasu-Bo and Ishi-Ko-A Boy and Girl of Japan. Phyllis Ayer Sow- Confucian school, yet among the New Books ers. 142 pp. $1.50. Crowell. New least well known. To him York. "Heaven" seemed more real and personal, and "mutual love" ap- Negro-White Adjustment: An Inproarhed most nearly to the Boy and Girl Tramps of America. vestigation and Analysis of Methods Christian concept. Thomas Minehan. 267 pp. $2.50. in the Interracial Movement in the Farrar & Rinehart. New York. United States. 272 pp. $3.00. Association Press. New York.

Notes HELP Feed the Hungry educated in Philadelphia, and

Clothe the Naked her husband, went to the West Africa Mrs. Helen Barrett Montgomery Presbyterian Mission in 1928. With the well-known and well-loved author, China's millions threatened with famine. him she covered thousands of miles on educator and religious leader, died in A desolate stricken land nfts appealing the bush path and over the jungle Summit, N. J., at the home of her hands. trails. During the short time she was daughter, Mrs. George F. Simon, on at work in the Cameroun country she October 18th. She was the widow of For seventeen years the Home Of One· was privileged to see many evidences William A. Montgomery, of Rochester, siphorus, largest Christian orphanage in the of better living, and of freedom from N. Y., and was born seventy-three Orient, has been saving lives and preach~ fear of enemies, evil spirits, disease years ago in Kingsville, Ohio. After ing the G06pel. We cannot meet the de· and other curses. teaching in Philadelphia she married mands on us unless you and other loving and later became an ordained minister Christians send us aid. Mrs. Mary C*ary* Da*vis, formerly a in the Baptist Church, and spent her time traveling,· writing and speaking Our work cares also for infirm adults Methodist missionary to India, died at in the interest of Christian missions and maintains a Christian school for grow- her home in New York City on Sept. and deeper spiritual experience. ing youth-sustained solely by faith. Aid 7, at 90 years of age. Mrs. Davis us with your prayers and gifts. We ap· went to India in 1876 as a missionary From 1913 to 1924 she was Presi- peal to you for help in this work of of the W. F. M. S., and married Rev. dent of the Woman's Baptist Foreign Christ's mercy. Franklin G. Davis there in 1880. Mission Society. She also served as President of the Federation of Wom- Write for free booklet "Helping China's Shirts and Sheets an's Boards of Foreign Missions from Helpless" and illustrated catalog of hand 1917 to 1918. embroidered luncheon sets, dresser scarfs, or, ANTI-SEMITISM, handkerchiefs, etc.-artistic hand work of Mrs. Montgomery's mission study our orphans who are learning to support A PRESENT.DAY SIGN OF THE books and her new translation of the themselves. Address: FIRST MAGNITUDE I New Testament have had a wide circulation. She was a very effective HOME OF ONESIPHORUS By LOUIS S. BAUMAN, D.O. speaker at Chautauqua and at other conferences and schools of missions. American Office ONE OF ~ FACTS OF Drawer 6, 3131 Lincoln Avenue, *** THE MOST . THE MOST Chical'o, Illinois Rev. James S. Barr, D.D. died at Location of Home and Mission: TaiaH, TALKED OF ~ STARTLING New Wilmington, Pennsylvania, on October 12, 1934, being almost 102 Shantung, China BOOKLETS . NATURE years old. He was born at Canonsburg, Pennsylvania, on December 22, Dr. D. Duncan Main, founder of IN PRINT! SET FORTH! 1832, was educated in Jefferson Col- the C. M. S. Hospital in Hangchow, lege (Washington and Jefferson), died recently in England. He retired 15c ea.; 2 for 25c.; 51.25 per doz. Allegheny Seminary and Jefferson in 1927 after 45 years of service in Medical College and with his wife, China, but to the end he was busy in Post Paid. Stamps Accepted Mary Black Barr, he sailed for India the task of holding the interest of old in 1861, as a missionary of the United friends and securing new ones for the 10 PROPHETIC STUDY MORE TIMELY! Presbyterian Church. When they work at Hangchow. reached Sialkot, Dr. Barr found one ORDER YOUR COpy TODAY I congregation with nine communicant Mr. A. Huds*on *Br*oomhall, Treasmembers and a mission composed of ALAN S. PEARCE three missionaries and two ordained urer in China of the China Inland Dept. W. 1925 E. Filth SI., LONG BEACH, CALIF. Indian ministers. He lived to see a Mission, died at Shanghai, August 18, Presbyterian church of 44,579 mem- from typhoid fever. Mr. Broomhall, I If you use bers in 116 congregations, organized whose father was General Secretary as a synod with six presbyteries. of the C. I. M. in its early days, gave PRINTING When Mrs. Barr died in 1905, Dr. fifty years of valued service to Barr returned to America, but as long Christ's cause in China. The first few YOU will profit from an acas he lived, his heart was in India. years were spent in Shansi and Chih- quaintanceship with us. We li (now Hopei). During this period do the job complete in our own USED CUTS he opened the station of Twailu, liv- plant, whether it be large or ing alone in an inn for many months. small. Plates and half tone illus- Subsequently he was set apart for the business work of the Mission in Che- While our specialty is Books, trations used in THE foo, Kiukiang, Hankow and Chung- Maga:tines and Pamphlets, yet king. we have a variety of modern MISSIONARY REVIEW equipment to meet all the re- *** quirements of your particular during the past two years job. You will find our service Margaret Douglas Lewis, M.D., prompt, careful and courteous. for sale from 25 cents up, missionary in India under the Meth- odist Board since 1900, died in Madras Will you allow us to estimate plus postage. JUly 22, of endocarditis. on your next printing? We be- lieve you will be delighted with The Missionary Review *** our product, price and service. of the World Mrs. Irvin W. Underhill, a Presby- The EVANGELICAL PRESS THIRD AND REILY STREETS terian Colored missionary to West Af- rica, died September 24. She was Print…. of HARRISBURG, PA. The Mi..ionary Revie", of the World Sunday School Supplies PLANT AND MAIN OFFICE Third and Reily Str.ets Harrlsburs, Pa. SOUIld, SI'I/7111111 ~OIlS of'1IIe 1?11~I~ODI~:~II~II~1 .h/O7rlue/!rDnenoonmDliHqIulio/n~s II

-il"' ""' ".. " .. .-

OIIOlrNETEEN cDonayturtiheisrtisy~afopuerrimodoroef time that most of us find dillicult to visualize. On Christmas than nineteen hundred years will have passed since f ___ Jesus Christ came into the World. Though He lived so long ago and though His span ! of earthly life was only thirty~three years, He is th e most o utst apnrdiviinlgegcehs aorfa cCtherriso~f : history. Yet millions who have lived in remote places, c ut off from the I tian teaching and training, do not know Him as a Living Lord and Saviour. For them, j ~ , Christmas will be as meaningless as an anni versary of some heathen god on a south sea , island is to us.

i 1'1r<t::<5IIHtEhrseeetthleumndernetdoyf eAamrseargicoa. by civilized peoples of tbe old world began a little over ..J century and a half later. FWoretyb~eocnaemyeeaa r sr eacfotgenr itzheed nation a few years more tohfanIn~a signing of the Declaration f dependence, the American Sunday School Union began the task of taking the Bible and the Gospel of Jesus Christ to the pioneers who were rapidly spreading across the un~ if known areas of the Mississippi Valley and the farther West. The first Sunday School be~ yond the Father of Waters was founded in Kansas by one of our missionaries.

1'1r.<t.::<J5IIOfiDcroaAmuYnbdonererdaetrhrlyetofciabvreoerdtobefor.uosuaArnndmaiUrsmsnioyionoanfriSoesvu.enrdTaoyhneeSychhduoonotdlsrtehaderelaainnnddoffporeorntmyticothololaiusntsatronudrcaotlaeAastcmhaeenrrd-s and students is enrolled for the regular study of the Bible as God's Revealed Word each Lord's Day. Eight hundred and four Daily Vacation Bible Schools were conducted last summer. Ten Young People's Bible Conferences provided mountain~top experiences for rural young people in various parts of the land. Three years ago only one such conference II<::5was conducted under the auspices of this Society. Next year we hope to have twenty~five. 'rc<. rOUSANDS of denominational churches in existence today hyaedarththeiirrtOy~ritgwioDchinurlcithteles ~ , Union Sunday Schools organized by our missionaries. Last , ..J grew out of our work and were turned over to the official bodies of the denomina~ ~ tions selected by popular choice. No other organization has done more to foster , , and aid the cause of organized Christianity in America. j~ Il i 110 ill ill experience, non-sectarian in principle, true to the Bible and always evangel- , istic in spirit and effort, we continue to exalt Christ as a Divine Savior, as we sow i II; a; ~~ the seed of God's Revealed Word.more many thousands of boys tahnedogldirlbsaacnkdrooalddesroffoAlkmeIirv~- • II"RISTMAS will mean back to the mountains and along ing out on the prairies, in j , ica, because of this tremendously important work. Christmas will mean more to you, if you decide to have at least a small share in this work. No church or Sun~ ; day School in town or city, no man or woman living in the larger centers, has ever known X r, IIanything but added joy and blessing, through gifts sent to help us in this task. No other if religious organization administers these gifts more carefully and effectively than does our Society. They are regarded as a sacred trust. j X if THE Spirit bas prompted you to regard your material possessions in the light of • , Christian Stewardship, ask His guidance in the matter of making a contribution to this needy work among Hthe otherwise unreached" millions in rural America. A j year's subscription to the field magazine, The Sunday~School Missionary, will be j credited to you, following the receipt of your gift. j j Address any of our District Offices as listed below, or j The Department of Missions—THE AMERICAN SUNDAY SCHOOL UNION j 1816 Chestnut St., Philadelphia, Pa.

189 W. Madison St., Chicago, 111. 1119 Schofield Bldg., Cleveland, Ohio.

508 I. N. B. Bldg., Des Moines, Iowa. 1105 Plymouth Bldg., Minneapolis, Minn• ……10 Madison Ave., Kansas City., Mo 321 E. Oklahoma Ave., Knoxville, Tenn.

8 Beacon Street, Boston, Mass. 615 Stock Exchange Bldg., Portland, Ore. I 156 Fifth Ave., New York City. 1332 E. Harvard St., Glendale, Calif. …

… … … … …

The Missionary Review of the World — November 1934

1934

Religious Legislation in South America Webster E. Browning Good News in the Japanese Press Delavan L. Pierson Good Soil in the Appalachians McCoy Franklin Volunteer Poverty in Action Stanley A. Hunter A Woman's Trip to Central Arabia Mrs. L. P. Dame A Korean Inn..Keeper

FREE! Dates to

A CHRISTMAS GIFT EVERY MONTH FOR YOURSELF November S-Annual Spiritual Ad- AND A WORTHWHILE GIFT TO A FRIEND vance Conference, Philadelphia Fed- eration of Churches. God so loved the world that He gave His Son Christ so loved mankind that He gave His life November IS-Men and Missions Sunday. Millions of men and women have never even heard of this gift of love. As a result they have not the benefits of this gift. What November 2S-National Day of Huare you doing to make God's gift known? miliation and Prayer.

Scripture Text Calendart 1935 THE MISSIONARY November 29-N a t ion a I Day of Thanksgiving. ~~WORID December 4-7-Federal Council of Size of Calendar. 9% xl6 inches Makes known. month by the Churches of Christ in America, month. the need of men. Biennial Meeting, Dayton, Ohio. FEATURES-This nationally advertised Messenger Scripture Text Cal- It describes December 9-Universal Bible Sunday. endar has thirteen full-color copies of January 6-12-Universal Week of religious paintings of suitable size for The wonderful work of God in framing. Brief stories of the pictures. all parts of the world. Prayer. Daily Scripture quotations. Schedule showing how to read the Bible through Carried on by all evangelical FLORIDA CHAIN OF MISSIONARY in a year. Golden Texts for Interna- agencies. tional Sunday School lessons. Flower ASSEMBLIES and birthstone of each month. Pre- The spread of the Gospel in all ceding and following month on each lands. January 26-30-0rlando. page. Phases of the moon. tides. holi- January 27-30-Deland. days. etc. Value. 30 cents each. The transformation of men in January 30-February I-Palm Beaches all lands. February 2-7-Miami. February 7-8-Bradenton. The modern Miracles of Mis- February 7-S-Fort Myers. sions. February 9-IS-St. Petersburg. February IO-13-Clearwater. Why not send THE REVIEW February 13-1S-Tampa. to your Friends-to some pas- February 17-19-Lakeland. tor. missionary. parent. teacher? February 17-19-Winter Haven. It will bring the Christ Message February 19-21-Gainesville. every month. This message February 23-26-Jacksonville. brings joy-peace-life. One of our missionary correspond- Will you give as God has ents makes a request for used postage given to you-FREELY? stamps for a missionary education ex- hibit and for study classes. All coun- CHRISTMAS CARD BOX ASSORTMENT tries are needed, including America, to be sent to the field; of special in- This gift box contains sixteen beautiful cards terest are postage due, air mail, comand folders. each with a Christmas sentiment. memorative, revenue, government engraved Bible text and an envelope to match. service, native states, foreign occupa- Every Scripture text card you mail will bear a tion, charity or old issues, or higher Christian greeting. The quality and variety of denominations of current issues. God both message and design found in our cards are is blessing the work and interest in most attractive. They are produced by one of missions is increasing. Address: Misthe finest art lithograph houses in America. sionary Teacher: 5629 Thomas Ave- Value. 50 cents. nue, Philadelphia, Pa.

NOTIFICATION CARD Personal Items If desired. with every Christmas gift subscrip- Dr. John McDowell, Secretary of the Board of National Missions, and tion we will send free one of our beautiful notification cards. size 5Y- x3Y- recently Moderator of the General Assembly of the Presbyterian Church, inches. in colors. suffered a broken arm in an automo- bile accident in Kansas on October With every subscription we offer to send you FREE either 9th. With Dr. John Bailey Kelly, a box of assorted Christmas cards or two Scripture Text President of Emporia College, he was Calendars. on his way to attend a state confer- ence at Clay Center. Send in your list of Christmas gift subscriptions today. We will send THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD and Notification Card in time to *** reach their destination for Christmas. and your premium selection to you promptly. Miss Grace Emblem, a missionary Subscription price. United States and Canada. $2.50; foreign countries. $3. of the China Inland Mission, and two other missionaries were captured by Subscription Department bandits on October 9th at Lohuanping, near Kweiyang, Kweichow Province, MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD China. They were released Oct. 17th.

Third and Reily Streets, Harrisburg, Pa. *** THIS OFFER IS ONLY GOOD UNTIL DECEMBER 25, 1934 Dr. S. H. Wainright, missionary in Japan for forty-six years, and General Secretary of the Christian Literature Society of Japan, has been elected an honorary life-member of the American Bible Society. Dr. Wainwright has rendered conspicuous service in facili- tating the erection of the new Bible House in Tokyo, dedicated last De- cember.

(Concluded on third cover.)

1fthe Se rv ice THE

calls you East REVIEW OF THE WORLD of Suez … sail DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Editor THE ROUTE PREFERRED with SPEED· COMFORT· ECONOMY VOL. LVII Nov.,1934 No. 11 SINCE 18401 Orient . •. for travel's greatest wonders publication and Business Office Cross to England •.. and embark Third and Reily Sts., Harrisburg, Pa. '01 at London in a great ship of this Line that traditionally and for Editorial and Executive Office FASTEST,SHORTESTroutetoYokonearly a century has carried the 156 Fifth Avenue, New York City hama .•. 10 quick days … by sistervanguard of the Church eastward Entered as second-class matter at ships, Empress ofAsia and Empress to all the lands beyond Suez. P & 0 Post Office, Harrisburg, Pa., under Act of Russia. Or via Honolulu in 3 Liners, of transatlantic size and of March 3, 1879. days more … by Empress ofJapan comfort, stand for the Progress of 25> cents a copy-$2.50 a year. (largest, fastest liner on the Pacific) the West in scores of tropic ports Foreign Postage, 50 cents a year. and Empress ofCanada. and teemingharboursofthe Indian Published monthly, except August. FREQUENT SAILINGS from Van- Ocean and the Pacific. Natives All rights reserved. Copyrighted 1934. couver (trains to ship-side) and measure time by their swift and Victoria. Orient fares include passure arrival. Low rates and new, MISSIONARY REVIEW PUB- sage from Seattle. Orient ports-offast, luxurious ships make the LISHING CO., INC. call: Yokohama, Kobe, Nagasaki, voyage an exceptional value. BOARD OF DIRECTORS Shanghai, Hong Kong, Manila.

PENINSULAR ROBERT E. SPEER, President Luxurious First Class; excellent ANDUHIENTALAND WM. 1. CHAMBERLAIN, Vice-President Tourist Class; and comfortable, WALTER MCDoUGALL, Treasurer low-priced Third Class. BRIHSH . INDIASTEAM DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Secretary Reduced round-trip fares NAVIGATIONCOMPANI ES SAMUEL MCCREA CAVERT Booklets, information ..• from your MRS. ORRIN R. JUDD own travel agent, or any Canadian Regular sailings from London, VM. B. LIPPHARD Pacific office in NewYork, Boston, Gibraltar and Marseilles to India, ERIC M. NORTH Chicago, St. Louis, San Francisco, Ceylon, Burma, Straits Settle- MILTON T. STAUFFER Montreal, Toronto, Vancouver, ments, China, Japan, Australia, A. L. WARNSHUIS Winnipeg, and many other cities New Zealand, Egypt, Sudan, SAMUEL M. ZWEMER in United States and Canada. Persian Gulf, East and South Africa, etc. Editorial Chat Complete inforrnanon from The special Japan number of THE Your Local Agent or RElVIEW ( October) is even more en- thusiastically received than our Or- CUNARD WHITE STAR ientals in America number (June), if that is possible. Copies are being sold LIMITED rapidly. Leaders, and others especi- ally interested in these mission study GENERAL AGENTS topics, are buying them for use in their missionary circles. The articles 25 Broadway New York are full of up-to-date information and are fascinating reading. Send for your extra copies now; they will help to interest others. Here is what Dr. Wm. P. Schell, Home Department Sec- retary of the Presbyterian Board, says: "I cannot refrain from congratulat- ing you upon the splendid contents of the last few numbers of the MISSION- ARY REVIEW, particularly of the Japan number just off the press. I do not know when I have read a more inter- esting and helpful number and I feel you are to be congratulated on the success you are achieving with the magazine."

*** What do you say to your friends? That is even more important than what you say to us.

*** Mrs. Wm. H. Farmer, the well- known speaker on missionary topics, spoke so enthusiastically of the June and October RElVIEWS at one of her missionary study circles of leaders that all the copies of THE REVIEW available there were immediately sold and many orders were taken for single copies and yearly subscriptions.

A valuable p*ape*r o*n "Present-Day Shinto," by Dr. Albertus Pieters, will appear in our December issue. Dr. Pieters recently lectured on this sub- ject in Princeton.

[497 ]

COURT PHYSICIAN, THE CROWN PRINCE AND HIS NEPHEW RIADH THE OAPITAL OF CENTRAL ARABIA~LIKE A MEDIEVAL

MRS. DAME AT RIADH-AS AN ARAB TO THE ARABIANS A CAMP SITE ON THE DESERT-PREFEIRABLY NEAR A WELL THE FIRST WHITE WOMAN TO VISIT CENTRAL ARABIA-MRS. L. P. DAME IN RIADH Plates loaned by courtesy of Negle(J/;led Arabiar-See article on pages 517 to 521

NARY

REVIB ORLD VOLUME LVII AN INTERDENOMINATIONAL REVIEW OF WORLD-WIDE CHRISTIAN PROGRESS NUMBER ELEVEN NOVEMBER, 1934 Topics of the Times MISGIVINGS OR THANKSGIVINGS idealism as is being attempted in China. We are Men who look chiefly on the things that are increasingly recognizing the need for a superhu- seen have today many causes for uneasiness and man power that will inspire and enable men to misgiving. There are few signs of an earthly mil- keep the laws of life; there is need for the prac- lenium in present-day conditions. The national tice of sacrificial law that will lead men to serve revolutions, and the threats of international con- their fellow men. In Christ these ideals and flict; the industrial unrest and unemployment; forces are found in their fulness. Where else the assassinations and suicides; increasing ban- than in Him is the hope of the individual, of the ditry and lawlessness; the continued intemper- nations and of the world? We have need at this ance and immorality; the widespread religious time of national thanksgiving, first, to confess indifference and militant atheism-all are sober- our sins and neglect, and to ask forgiveness of ing to men and women who believe in God and God and our fellows and to pray for clearer vi- who seek to advance the reign of righteousness sion, more firm purpose and practical power.

and peace, of truth and love, among men. There But we must not overlook today the many and was never greater need to consider and to pray, great reasons for thanksgiving and praise to God.

to witness and to work. 1. We have reason to be thankful that there It is clear that intellectual training, human so- are battles to fight-not physical but spiritual; cial service, general peace propaganda, industrial that life is not a monotonous round of easy tasks and economic reform, new laws and treaties will and purposeless pleasures. No man or woman was not in themselves provide the remedy for a self- ever made strong by a continuous ride in a per- ish society or a corrupt human heart. Men have ambulator or on a "merry-go-round."

frequently attempted to establish utopias by new 2. We have reason for thanksgiving that God social systems, as is being advocated by certain has provided adequate spiritual forces for spir- factions in America. They have sought to bring itual conflicts. He does not expect us to win with- about ideal conditions, to reform political and out spiritual armor and effective weapons. Faith, economic systems; they have endeavored to build courage, and spiritual talents are real, not imagi- character by general education and have sought nary.

freedom by renouncing all religion-but they 3. We have reason for thanksgiving that we have failed. The enemies of human welfare are are not expected to fight alone or without a too well entrenched to be vanquished by human Leader who has all the wisdom, the benevolence effort and a change of tactics. As Dr. John Mc- and the power of an ideal Captain. Christ has al- Dowell has well said: "Three deadly foes are ready won the victory and is able to lead others threatening the life of the world today-self-will, to victory.

a desire to be outside the law of obedience; self- 4. We have reason for thanksgiving that the interest, the desire to be outside the law of self- issue of the battle is not in doubt-and never has sacrifice; and self-complacency, the desire to be been-for those who follow the divine Leader.

outside the law of fellowship." This has been proved, times without number, and These foes cannot be overcome by militarism as is being proved today in Christian experience at is being attempted in Japan; by nationalism as home and in the fields .abroad. What encourage- in Italy and Germany; by socialistic control of ment and causes for thanksgiving there are in the the proletariat as in Russia; or by democratic men and women who meet victoriously the test [499 ]

of supreme suffering; in the multitudes who turn against the new teaching because they believe it is a to God every year in missions and in churches and conferences; in the young people who are violation of freedom of speech and of conscience. Some dedicating their lives to Christ and His service; in the spiritual awakenings and growth on such are sure that the law will never pass; others are sure it mis~ion fields as Korea, China, Burma, India, AfrIca and the South Seas. The battle is not be- will never go into effect, even if it does pass. Protestant ing lost, though human eyes are too limited in vision and man's mind is too untrained to judge the teachers are beginning to be worried and some say that outcome. There is reason for thanksgiving and hope in proportion as Christ dominates the hearts they ~ill resign if the law goes into effect. The principal and lives of mankind. ~ues.tI~n .before n,tany people is just ~hat is meant by THE CH~LLENGE OF MEXICO SOCIalIstIC educatIOn." No one seems WIlling to define the For centuries Mexico was under the domination of ~he Roman Catholic Church-politically, edu- word….. catIOnally and economically as well as religiously. Since the revolution began there has been con- According to a new reglamento of the Department of tinued conflict between the Government and the dominant Church-involving confiscation and na- Education, that .has not been announced as yet, every tionalization of !and, the closing of church schools, the restriction of religious instruction and the school, whether It wants to be recognized or Endou~t atmiouns.t prohibition of religious activity by all. foreign declare itself in accord with the Department of priests and nuns. If the Department of Education does not approve of the Through these restrictions the Protestant mission work has also suffered. Some of the Mexican teachers, they appoint teachers of whom they do approve. states and the Federal District are experimenting, along Russian lines, with the idea of outlawing What chance would a Bible school have under such a religious instruction for minor children. The Mexican Government has not charged Protestant system? Of course, this reglamento may never become missionaries with impoverishing the people, with propaganda against the State institutions and law but it is in accord with the other tendencies of the with subversive acts against the Government, as she has charged the Roman Catholic authorities Government. The problem of sexual education in the but all religious sects and activities are included in the anti-church campaign. The State of To- schools, that caused so much trouble last spring ~ries not basco, particularly, has inaugurated an anti-re- settled yet either, and arouses the p arents who not ligious program. Images have been destroyed, churches closed, burlesques of religion have been worried by the "socialistic school." given in public. The State is attempting to show that religion is unnecessary in a progressive com- The Protestant leaders, missionary and Meximunity. While Mexico has doubtless suffered can, ~re not ~tanding idly by to see their liberty from some of the activities and influences of the curt~Il~d, theIr work blighted and their activity Church authorities, she is unfortunately follow- prohIbIted. Recent letters from Mexico City ing the example of atheistic or backward nations in promoting intolerance, in planning to teach show that they are approaching the officials in a anti-Christian socialism and in seeking to outlaw tactful and friendly but frank and fearless spirit religious liberty. Mexico cannot afford to fight to bring about justice and tolerance for the good against true freedom and against God as revealed of the people. in Jesus Christ. A prominent Mexican Christian and two Prot- One correspondent from Mexico writes: estant missionaries recently succeeded in inter- viewing the Sub-Jefe del Departamento de Bienes Things do not look brighter as the days pass. According to one of the papers, the bill that has to do with Nacionales, de la Secretaria de Hacienda, and "socialistic education" has passed the committee of the asked if a mission dormitory being used as a lower house and has been turned over to the committee hostel for boys attending the secondary school of the upper house for their action. The whole affair was should be nationalized in order to use it as a kept as secret as possible, evidently because of the fear seminary. His reply was that under no circumof s?me ~!nd .of.a~ outbrea~. There are two active groups stances whatever would either Hacienda or Eduagamst SOCIalIstic educatIOn": the university students c~ci6n permit the running of a seminary on naand the Catholic women. The university students are twnal property, and that the Government's point of view is that all seminaries, whether Catholic or Protestant, are absolutely proscribed. If we na- tionalize any property and then use it as a semi- nary, the Government will at once close the semi- nary and use the property for something else. One of the officials in the Judicial Department of the Government, the Procuraduria General, has sta~ed that Roman Catholic seminaries are pro- scrIb~d by the Constitution, since they educate men III order that they may take a vow limiting their personal liberty, whereas Protestant semi- naries are not so proscribed, since the ministers take no vows to obey superior authorities. The ~overnment, however, does not favor prepara- tIon of men to carryon the propagation of re- ligion. There is abundant evidence of this policy.

In the meantime there are encouraging signs of life in the Protestant Church. One of these is the recent remarkable conversion of Colonel Curti who used to be head of the Traffic Pdlice in Mexico City. (See p. 505.) A correspond~nt writes:

TOPICS OF THE TIMES

He is on fire and is doing personal work everywhere barbaric or given over to superstition and habitamong the politicians and army heads. He is absolutely ual warfare. fearless and tackles generals as I tackle privates. Two weeks ago we went to Puebla to try and win General But the days of missionary pioneering are not Mijares, the Governor. He accepted a New Testament passed. There are still real hardships and physiand promised to read it. Col. Curti has been threatened cal dangers in many fields. Many of these exwith being thrown out of the army but replied that he was periences are not today reported in the press, as loyal to the Government and read them Romans 13: 1, say- in the days when missionary adventure was a ing that in spiritual things he took his orders from higher romance, but occasionally attacks on missionaries up. Pray for him as he is going through terrific testing. are reported and some Christian workers are still called upon to lay down their lives for Christ and It may be necessary and wise in some mission His Gospel. But there are today many fields fields to adapt the methods and program of work where darkness, superstition, privation and danto meet the present situation and needs. There ger face the Christian missionary as formidably will be no excuse for compromise or for failure as in the days of Moffat and Paton and Judson. to give the message of life through Christ to any Many lands are still unenlightened by the Gospel. and all who will listen. It may be, and doubtless Some are closed to ambassadors of Christ-like will be, advisable and in some cases necessary to Russia, and Afghanistan, and Tibet; others are discontinue general education, especially higher closed only by reason of the difficulties and daneducational work, where the governments are op- gers and lack of men and means. Central Arabia posed to Christian teaching. This will mean the is still pioneer territory. (Read Mrs. Dames' closing of mission schools and colleges but it need article in this issue of THE REVIEW.) Mongolia not mean any cessation of Christian activity, es- and Central Asia are practically untouched. Abyspecially in personal evangelism. There are still sinia and many parts of Central Africa are alvital needs to be supplied and wide fields to be most as neglected as they were a century ago. planted and cultivated in rural areas, in supply- Most of the great island of New Guinea is both ing Christian literature, in the training of lead- unexplored and unevangelized. South America, ers, and in the spiritual upbuilding of the our next door neighbor, offers a great opportuchurches. nity for anyone to engage in pioneer missionary work among its millions of uncivilized and semi- MISSIONARY PIONEERING OPPOR- civilized Redmen. TUNITIES These Indians of Latin America are just now It is thrilling and stimulating to faith and the receiving renewed attention from evangelical spirit of sacrifice to read of the dangers and pri- Christians. The extreme neglect and need of vations experienced by such missionaries as Liv- seventeen millions of the tribal and the semiciviingstone, Moffat, Hannington, Mary SIessor and lized Redmen of eighteen republics south of the others in Africa; by Paton and Chalmers and United States have long appealed to missionary- Abel in the South Seas; by Judson and Carey in minded Christians but very little new work has India; by Taylor and Sheldon and others in been inaugurated. Recently a group of laymen China. The example of these heroes of the Cross, and interdenominational leaders met as guests of the need of ignorant and sin-cursed men and Mr. J. Frederick Talcott in the Empire State women in many lands, and the call of Christ to Club, New York, in the interest of Christian evangelize the work, acted as inspiring incentives pioneering among these Redmen. Mr. Kenneth to leave the comforts and advantages of Christian G. Grubb, of the World Dominion Press, London, homes to take the blessings of Christ to these and Dr. Thomas C. Moffett, Secretary of the Inpeoples without counting the cost to oneself. To- dian Mission of America, called attention to the day the call to foreign missionary activity is need of these ignorant and sadly neglected people largely the call for highly trained specialists-for and the present opportunities for work among teachers in already established institutions, for them. They are poor, illiterate and primitive but doctors in well equipped hospitals, for organizers and trainers of leaders in lands where churches they are souls for whom Christ died and they are established and even self-supporting. offer great strategic possibilities. It is time that new efforts should be undertaken in behalf of the Some think that the days of missionary pioneer- pagan tribes, to whom no organized evangelical ing are past, that the days of hardship, of sac- agency has as yet made any systematic attempt rifice and personal danger belong only to the to take the Gospel. times when barbarianism prevailed over large areas of Asia, Africa and the Islands of the Sea. These and other fields, offering rich opportu- This is true to some extent, for general enlighten- nities for pioneer evangelism, call for ambasment, international law and world commerce have sadors of Christ with courage and faith and sacspread the benefits of civilization to lands once rifice. These qualities are required, not only on

the part of those who go to the field, but in those these conferences to discuss the problem and opwho may equally be called to give sacrificially to portunities that challenge the missionaries today. the support of the work. Dr. Mott was everywhere heartily received by the African leaders and in the .Angola conference A UNITED CHRISTIAN ACTION IN JAPAN one-half of the delegates were natives and all spoke the Portuguese language. In the Congo The National Christian Council of Japan has special meetings were held for African Chrisbecome a vital force in unifying and correlating tians, but there were, unfortunately, few native Christian work in the empire. The Government leaders in the general conferences, so that they recognizes the Council as a clearing house for had little part in the discussions and in drawing Christian activities by appointing two representa- up the findings. tives from the national Department of Education. These conferences brought together mission- The Council is active in promoting evangelism, aries representing great diversity of language, Christian education, and social welfare. Recently race, theology and polity, but the prayerful prepthe Council recommended: aration helped to secure unity of spirit and pur- pose. Eight topics were discussed-evangelism, 1. That more intimate relations be established between the indigenous church, Christian education, lit- Christian social workers and those engaged in evangelistic erature, medical work, industrial areas, the trainwork. ing of missionaries and cooperation. In South Africa there are now 300 different native sects, 2. That rural problems, social policies and activities but in the Congo there are other problems in cobe given a place in the curricula of theological seminaries, operation. Findings were drawn up for each and that Christian students be trained for these types of topic and after full discussion were adopted by work. the conference.

3. That the Church create Folk High Schools for the One of the most perplexing subjects brought up development of Christian rural leaders. for discussion was the growing activity and the general unfriendly attitude of the Roman Catholic 4. That evangelistic workers be encouraged to visit missions. The number of their missionaries is general institutions for social service as well as those rapidly increasing so that there are now 2,200 under Christian auspices. priests in the Congo; they are spending millions of dollars each year to establish and conduct 5. That churches, Christian Associations and other or- schools and churches. Much of this money comes ganizations give attention to the application of Christian from America. The Catholics claim one million ethics to sex life and other present-day moral issues. converts in the Congo. Native Protestant leaders are greatly disturbed over the efforts of Rome to 6. That inasmuch as prohibition of strong drink has in draw away pupils and members from Protestant some instances solved the problem of village poverty, the schools and churches, but there is hope that the churches be urged to lay greater emphasis on this question. Portuguese and Belgian Governments will grant greater religious liberty and freedom from brib- 7. That with the growing nation-wide abolition of li- ery and persecution. Protestant missionaries censed prostitution, the problem of unlicensed prostitution must be patient, depending on the guidance and is greatly aggravated, so that it is imperative that a cam- power of the Spirit of God to overcome difficulties paign in behalf of Christian purity be begun without delay. and on true evangelical teaching to prove its ef- fectiveness in transforming lives and in building Evangelists are needed who will be prepared up strong communities. to spend their lives in rural districts, and city churches are urged to establish close relations Among the results expected from these Congo with country churches, and to make themselves conferences are: (1) The development of strongresponsible for their support where necessary. er, more aggressive native Christian leadership; (2) improvements in rural work as the African Greater efforts should be put forth to evangel- missionaries learn what has been accomplished in ize through the printed page; traveling libraries other fields; (3) more effective educational and are needed and Christian "wall newspapers" medical work; -(4) closer unity and cooperation. should be put up on walls along thoroughfares. among the various missionary agencies.

THE RECENT CONGO CONFERENCE As a result of these conferences the mission- aries have been stimulated in faith, encouraged After a visit of two months to South Africa to undertake new endeavors, strengthened for and Rhodesia, Dr. John R. Mott, Dr. Robert M. more sacrificial service, and united in heart and Hopkins and others visited the Belgian Congo purpose to follow Christ to the limit. last June. They held three regional conferences at Elizabethville, Mutoto and Leopoldville, followed by a general representative conference of all the evangelical missions at Leopoldville. It was the first visit that the chairman of the International Missionary Council has ever made to the Congo and he came in response to the earnest request of the Congo Protestant Council. Representatives of twenty-five of the thirty-five missionary agencies at work in the Congo met in

Legislation in South

I I~.- -•..sf By W. E. BROWNING, Ph.D., Buenos Aires, Argentina THE conquest of a great part of the continent have now been materially changed, both in letter of South America by Spain and the imme- and in spirit, and in no cone of them, today, does diate establishing of her colonies within the the Constitution, at least as interpreted by liberal conquered territory, occurred at a time when sec- governments, forbid to dissenting churches the tarian convictions were deeply rooted in all the most complete liberty in the practice and propaga- countries of Europe. It was, therefore, but nat- tion of their worship, and, in some cases, recent ural that all legislation directed at the regulation legislation establishes complete separation of of religious life of the colonists should be as strict, church and state.

if not more strict, than that of the mother country, This change from a narrow sectarian position and this same attitude was to be carried over into to that of the fullest liberty of thought and ac- the republics that were later to be formed from tion, may be most easily traced, perhaps, in the the colonies. history of religious legislation in the republics J ames Thomson, the first Protestant minister to that rim the Rio de la Plata, especially in Argen- visit the various countries of South America, a tina.

Scotsman and, possibly, a Baptist, came as the Here, as in all countries of South America, representative of the British and Foreign Bible great credit must be given to the Governments of Society, and also of the British and Foreign Great Britain, which never failed, in making Schools Society. He landed in Buenos Aires in treaties of a commercial character, to inject the October, 1818, after three years crossed over to religious note, to the extent of demanding for all Chile, and soon afterward continued his journey subjects of the British Crown the right of free through the countries to the north, sailing for assembly for religious purposes, thus paving the England, from Colombia, in 1825. While in Lima, way for more aggressive action by others when it where he had most pleasant relations with the became necessary to take such action.

great San Martin, he was present at the discus- In Argentina, for example, where dissenting sion by the Congress of the proposed Constitu- churches were asking for recognition as early as tion for the newly erected republic of Peru, and 1824, the Treaty signed by the Government of the has written interestingly of the debate and the republic and Lord Canning, the representative of various shades of opinion manifested by the speak- the British Government, contained' this clause: ers. Early in the discussion, a member of the The subjects of H. B. M., resident in the United Prov- Congress took the floor, with a copy of the New inces of the River Plate, will not be disturbed, persecuted Testament in his hand, and eloquently, but vainly, or molested by reason of their religion; but enjoy perfect pleaded for the adoption of an Article which liberty of conscience therein, to celebrate divine worship, should read, "The Religion of Jesus Christ is the either in their own houses, or in their own churches and Religion of the State." Although he was listened chapels which they will be authorized to build and main- tain in the places that suit them and are approved by the to with the greatest courtesy, he was quickly Government of the United Provinces.

voted down, and the Article which was finally ac- This treaty was signed in February, 1825, and, cepted, read: "The Roman Catholic Apostolic Re- no doubt, had reference to the Provisional Statligion is the Religion of the State, and the exercise utes which had been adopted in May, 1815, in of every other is excluded." which the Articles on Religion read as follows: This same sectarian declaration was adopted by Art. 1. The Roman Catholic Apostolic Religion is the the other Hispanic American republics, in vary- Religion of the State.

ing terms of expression, during the early years Art. 2. Every man must respect the public worship and of the 19th century, and the letter and spirit were the holy religion of the State. The infringement of this valiantly defended and enforced, in most coun- Article will be looked upon as a violation of the funda- tries, even until well within the present century. mental laws of the country.

But it is interesting to note that, with the steady The Constitution drawn up by the General Conevolution of religious thought among these mod- stituent Congress, in 1819, had been of a similar €rn Hispanic peoples, the original declarations tenor, and the Article on religion read as follows: [503 ]

Art. 1. The RO'man CathO'lic ApO'stolic ReligiO'n is the Referring to this new declaration, the great State religiO'n. The GO'vernment must give it its mO'st de- Argentine statesman, Sarmiento, once wrote: cided and PO'werful prO'tectiO'n, and the inhabitants O'f the terxitO'ry must whO'lly respect it, whatever their private The CO'nstitution has nO' religiO'us principle whatsO'ever O'piniO'ns may be. at its base, nO'r the authO'rity O'f the CathO'lic faith. On the cO'ntrary, every religiO'us principle and all authO'rity But liberal breezes were already blowing across O'f the CathO'lic faith is excluded frO'm it, as it is frO'm all the wide expanse of the Argentine Pampas, and mO'dern CO'nstitutiO'ns. TO' maintain the cO'ntrary, is nO't many of the most influential leaders of the day O'nly an errO'r, but a shameless lie. were dissatisfied with this wholly sectarian situation. Bernardino Rivadavia, the first President And another writer on the subject expressed of the Argentine Confederation, and often called himself as follows: "The Washington of South America," was particularly opposed to this declaration and lent his The ConstitutiO'n declares that the Federal GO'vernment assistance to a new statement of the religious supPO'rts the RO'man CathO'lic cult. By this, it dO'es nO't position of his Government. As a result of these mean that it is the State religiO'n, because nO't all the inefforts of Rivadavia and other liberal statesmen habitants of the cO'untry, nO'r all its citizens, are CathO'lics, of his day, the Province-we would call it a State nO'r has it ever been required that to' O'btain citizenship -of San Juan, in the far interior, sanctioned com- O'ne must belO'ng to' the CathO'lic cO'mmuniO'n; but it means plete liberty of worship in June, 1825, and its that the CO'st O'f the cult will be paid by the natiO'nal example was followed, in October, of the same Treasury. year, by the great Province of Buenos Aires, the most influential of the Confederation. As a matter of fact, the entire bill for Catholic cult in the republic is not paid by the Federal Gov- This legislation of two leading Provinces at ernment, but only the salaries of the Bishops of once created a conflict with the Federal Constitu- the Church. At the same time, the national Govtion, as adopted in 1819, and a long struggle en- ernment reserves to itself the right to nominate sued between the representatives of the two op- candidates for the position of Bishop, the Holy posing schools of religious thought. See being obligated to choose the Bishop or Bishops from among those so nominated. This, Among the statesmen of the day, who favored in a sense, places the Church under the jurisdicfreedom of religious thought and action, was tion of the State, rather than the State in a posi- Esteban Echavarria, and his noble declaration of tion of subserviency to the Church. In this way, principles must be quoted. He said: gradually, and not always without serious con- flict, the Roman Catholic Apostolic Church has The State, as a bO'dy PO'litic, cannO't have a religiO'n, be- been deprived of its favored position as the State cause, as it is nO't an individual persO'n, it lacks a cO'n- religion, and has become simply one of many in science. The dO'gma O'f a ruling religiO'n is unjust and the country, all of them treated with the same cO'ntrary to' the prescribed laws O'f equality, because it careful courtesy by the civil power, although cerprO'nO'unces sO'cial excO'mmuniO'n against those whO' dO' nO't tain members of its hierarchy receive their emoluprO'fess its beliefs, and deprives them O'f their natural ments from the national Treasury. Even this rights withO'ut exempting them frO'm their sO'cial O'bliga- bit of favoritism, it is claimed by opposing polittions (taxes). The principle O'f liberty O'f cO'nscience can ical parties, will soon be abrogated. never be recO'nciled with the dO'gma O'f the religiO'n O'f the State. Granted liberty O'f cO'nscience, nO' religiO'n shO'uld At the far extreme from the attitude assumed be declared as the ruling O'ne, nO'r be under the patrO'nage by Peru and other countries at the beginning of O'f the State. the 19th century, stands the Article of the Con- stitution of Uruguay, adopted in 1918, which es- The confusion of religious ideology was finally tablishes complete separation of Church and ended by the adoption of the National Constitu- State, and permits the free exercise of all cults, tion, in 1853, which is still in force, and whose with no favors to anyone of them. And this, no Article on Religion reads as follows: "The Fed- doubt, is the goal toward which all the countries eral Government supports the Roman Catholic of South America are rapidly tending. Apostolic cult."

"There is an earnestness and interest in religious questions which is an entirely new phenomenon in South America…. This is Latin America's day of white heat. The firm impress of Christ must be laid now on the fluid material of these young commonwealths. The frightful chaos in social and political life, the misery and suffering in economic life, are all creating a desire for something imperishable and a willingness to listen to any who claim to have the way, the truth, and the lfe."-DR. GEORGE P. HOWARD, Argentina.

*** "The Christian religion is peculiarly needed by the youth of Japan just now, and appeals strongly to the thinking students of the land."-REV. T. T. BRUMBAUGH, Tokyo.

Story of a Mexican

Colonel Rodolfe Curti V., Formerly Chief of Traffic Department, Mexico City-Now on Military Headquarters Staff -~l!;;11=====A=s=t=ol=d=t=o_N_.=W=.=T=A=Y=L=O=R====;;;;;;!.III~·- "F OR years I had been sunk in the depths of unbelief, indifferent to things spiritual and Something seemed to grip my heart and I could to God's providential care. From childhood not restrain the tears. However, feeling that I had not darkened the door of a church, except such emotion was unworthy of an army officer, I once when I entered to wash my hands in the holy hurried away. Later, my wife and I attended a water to show my contempt for religion. service but I did not understand the message.

"Twelve years ago, when stationed with my "Then I was called to Mexico City to aid my regiment in the Mixtec region of the State of General in the reorganization of the police force. Oaxaca, I was taken very ill, and in my suffering, At that time it fell to my lot to superintend the my thoughts naturally turned to my young wife closing of all the Roman Catholic churches in the and our four-months-old baby, who were then in city on the 31st of July, 1926. So zealous was I the city of Puebla. As I became worse I cried to in carying out this commission that I received the God, asking that He spare me to them. Finally commendation of General Calles. Later I re- I sank into a state of coma and the people in the ceived praise and promotion for my part in the village thought that I had died. I was prepared organization of the Traffic Department and other for burial and surrounded with candles. After things done in the interest of the welfare of the some hours I regained consciousness and sat up, city. But then came disillusionment! For certain causing terror among those who were in the room reasons I resigned from the Traffic Department at the time. and for a time it seemed that I had been forgotten by the Government which I had tried to serve "It was then felt that the only chance to save faithfully. I was even tempted to commit suicide. my life was to get me as quickly as possible to But this was God's opportunity. Oaxaca City for an operation. But the village, where I lay sick, was four days' ride from the "One night I dreamed that I was hurrying down railroad and, as the heat was intense, it seemed a narrow, dark, tortuous street. I met a group impossible for me to make the trip unless they of people and inquired, 'Have you found Him?' could keep ice packs on me continually. But there 'No,' they replied, 'Then let us seek Him together,' was no ice in this mountain village nor in the I answered. We threaded our way along the district. The General commanding the State ad- narrow street for an interminable time it seemed vised us by telegraph that he would send ice from and our anxiety increased every moment. At the city as rapidly as possibly, but it was doubt- last we turned a corner and saw in front of us a ful whether any ice would last long enough to get figure sitting on a low bench in front of a closed me to the city. The first day, while we were door. His head was resting on his hands but as waiting for the ice, a heavy cloud overshadowed we approached he looked up and I recognized him the part of the town where I was lying and hail as Christ. His face shone and His hands and stones, so great that they killed chickens and feet glistened like mirrors. I fell on my knees beturkeys, fell heavily for some minutes. Only a fore Him and all His goodness, from that day in block away the sun continued to shine brightly. the Mixtec village when the hail stones fell to the The people hurriedly filled sacks with the hail blessings of that moment, flooded my memory stones and I was placed in a litter and the journey and I burst into tears. to the railroad began. But so great was my unbelief that after I had ~ecovered I forgot my "I awoke crying and the burden of my inprayer to God and ascribed the hail storm to mere gratitude and sin seemed unbearable. For the chance. remainder of the night I could not control myself and continued crying like a child. When morning "A few years later when stationed in Guadala- came I was like one in a daze. I could not even jara, I was passing an evangelical church and remember the name of my only daughter whom heard them singing, 'Nearer My God to Thee.' I love dearly, and this condition lasted for three days. I was in an agony of grief and sorrow [505 ]

and walked up and down in my living room or in ment we have tried to give our all to Christ, to do the garden for hours at a time, crying, 'My God His will each day and we have determined not to help me. My God help me.' let a single day pass without trying to win one soul for Him. "During this time I procured aNew Testament and began to read. Still no light nor peace came. "The following Sunday was Easter. We at- At last there came to my mind the words of the tended the morning service at which we learned hymn I had head in Guadalajara and I remem- that some new members were to be received and bered where there was an evangelical church in baptized that evening. That afternoon, after the city. I attended a service without getting any prayer, my wife and I decided to ask to be repeace. I went a second time but still could not ceived into the church in order to make our public understand the Way of Salvation. On the third confession and thus cut all that bound us to the occasion the speaker was giving a Bible study on old life. The pastor granted our request and that Sin. As the different sins were written on the evening we publicly took our stand for Christ. In blackboard I said to myself, 'Someone must have the four months which have passed since then we told her about me,' for it was a perfect description ·have been experiencing the truth of Paul's words, of my condition. At the end of the meeting an 'If any man be in Christ, he is a new creature; invitation was given and I went forward. As I all things are passed away; behold all things are knelt there at the rail, I turned and to my joy become new.' All things have become gloriously found that my wife was kneeling beside me. That new for us and we are seeking to follow His Will." night the pastor of the church led us into the Light and peace came into our hearts. ******** "Then came a great struggle. If we were to I would like to draw attention to an interesting go on with Christ it meant breaking with the old detail in the experience of Colonel Curti. The life. Christ must be all or nothing. There could only knowledge he had of the Gospel story was be no half-hearted surrender. But what would be through a very slight contact with Roman Cathothe results? Would it mean losing position, rank licism. But Catholicism in Mexico emphasizes a and friends? I walked up and down my garden suffering or dead Christ, not a glorified one. How fighting it out and then like a flash there came to was it that in his dream he saw a resurrected and my mind the words 'Be of good cheer; I have glorified Christ? overcome the world.' I hurried into the house and called my wife. 'It is all settled,' I said to Please pray for Colonel Curti. He is active in her, 'Christ has overcome the world and nothing personal work among the military and political can touch us except as He wills.' From that mo- leaders of the country. Who can say what the results will be if we sustain him in prayer.

THE "CHRIST OF THE ANDES" INSCRIPTION On March 13, 1904, amid the towering peaks of La Cordillera de los Andes, a gigantic statue of "Christ the Redeemer" was dedicated, on the boundary line between Argentina and Chile. This monument, dedicated by high dignitaries of the Roman Catholic Church, in the presence of representatives of the governments, signalized the conclusion of a treaty of peace between the two peoples. It marked the triumph of reason over recourse to arms in the settlement of international disputes and attracted wide attention throughout the world. Re- cently an interesting discussion has arisen in regard to an inscription which many have be- lieved was placed on the pedestal of the monument, and which was said to have been as follows: Sooner shall these mountains crumble to dust than shall Argentines and Chileans break the peace which they have sworn at the feet of Christ the Redeemer.

No such inscription is now found on the monument so that doubt has arisen as to its hav- ing been there at the time of the dedication. The present writer has been interested in secur- ing trustworthy information to clear up the mystery and is convinced that no such inscription was ever placed on the monument.

The striking words quoted were the closing lines of the peroration of one of the eloquent orators of the occasion, a Bishop of the State Church of Chile. A writer, who was not present at the dedicatory exercises, and who has never visited the mOJlument, erroneously converted the lines into an inscription and his error has been widely copied.

It is hoped that this brief note may serve as a correction, for future writers, since it is based on the irrefutable testimony of publications made at the time in various countries of America and Europe, in various languages, and of persons who attended the dedicatory ex- ercises, one of whom was influential in the movement to erect the statue.

Buenos Aires, Argentina. WEBSTER E. BROWNING, PH.D.

News in the Japanese

The Story of Newspaper EvangeUsm is to~d in "The Press and the Gospe~:' by W. H. Murray Walton, M.A.* -~~II=-=-=–=B=Y=D=E=L=A=V=AN=-=L=.P=I=E=R=SO=N=-=-====~II~ T HE daily newspaper is a powerful instru- Christ has entered barely five hundred. Of the ment for good and for evil. It presents a fifteen million people in the country towns only great mixture on the one hand of truth, pure half are reached. Even more serious is that, dephilosophy, peace negotiations, scientific discov- spite an awakening interest in rural evangelism, eries, noble deeds, benefactions and Christian ac- the rate of progress is very small..

tivities. It prints both good news and bad, both The Japanese newspaper is one of the most in- what is suitable for mental food and some that is fluential forces in Japanese life. Before the in- more fit for the sewer. The press is a picture of troduction of modern journalism into Japan in modern life as seen through the eyes and minds 1868, news was chiefly conveyed to the people by of editors and reporters. The printed page is now means of traveling singers, ballads, and lampoons, being used in all lands to disseminate the false which were popular but not widely read, for most ideals of selfish communism, atheism and class people could not read. Even after the introduction hatred but it is also being widely used to broad- of education and the newspaper, for many years cast the message of Christ to the world. the fact that a newspaper carrier visited the house In some lands Christians have undertaken to use became a sign of an illustrious family.

this great channel of information and influence to But today, with education universal, everybody present the Gospel, the best news that has ever reads the newspapers. It has been computed that been proclaimed. While centuries old this is still half the homes of Japan take some newspaper. The news to nearly half the earth's poplilation-it is rickshaw man can be seen reading his paper if he the news that God in His love offers to all men the is not playing chess! There are three hundred Way of Life and peace, of strength and victory daily papers in Japan of some repute, though the through Jesus Christ. number registered is about four times that num- In Moslem lands and in Japan where the printed ber.

word is held in highest respect, newspaper evan- Some of these papers have a circulation of over gelism has carried the Gospel1Jhrough many other- a million, and produce as many as eight editions a wise closed doors, has enlightened many dark day. The telephoto system has been in use for minds, has brought food to hungry hearts and life years, and the largest paper operates its own fleet to dead souls. Japan has been an especially fruitful of aeroplanes between Tokyo and Osaka. Foreign field for this evangelism through the daily press. correspondents keep the readers in contact with In a recent book, Mr. Murray Walton tells the the thought and activities of other lands and news thrilling story of this "Japanese Experiment." In agencies keep them supplied with the latest in- the midst of sordid news of selfish struggles and formation from all parts of the world.

sinful pursuits, the publication of Good News con- In a country like Japan the press ranks with the cerning Jesus Christ is a lighthouse to guide lost school and the home as one of the three great form- wayfarers to a safe Port and to a life of Christlike ative influences in national life.

service. The first person to awake fully to the value of Mr. Murray Walton (from whom we quote free- the press as an evangelistic agency was the Rev.

ly) gives cheering reports of the activities and re- Albertus Pieters, an American missionary for- sults of newspaper evangelism in Japan. Here merly of the city of Oita. Others had used the Christian missionaries have been at work for press to insert a Christian text or a church notice, seventy years and yet the masses of the people and but he developed the method on scientific lines and many parts of the country are unreached. There with a vision which is appreciated more as the are some ten thousand villages or village areas, the years pass. His system of follow…up has formed homes of half the population, and the Gospel of the basis of the whole campaign ever since.

The prefecture of Hiroshima is one of the chief 28.• 6P4u.bUliesht.ed by the Stud.ent Cbxlstiau Mo>,emen,t Press, London centres of Shinshu.• the most active of the Buddhist [507 ]

sects. The attitude of the public toward Chris- nearest church, and shortly afterwards was retianity was far from favorable. When a Christian ceived as a candidate for baptism. His wife was text appeared in connection with an advertisement deeply upset by her husband's action. Then the of some patent medicine, the editor received a townsfolk heard about it, and so did the local storm of protests against the use of his columns to priest. The town had never had a Christian before. propagate the hated religion. The position taken They were indignant. And yet he was a good viceby the editor was: "I myself am not adverse to mayor; his religion didn't seem to spoil his work. Christianity. But if I put Christian articles in my When the period of his service came to an end, paper I will antagonize my readers and cause them despite a Buddhist protest meeting, he was reto subscribe for my rival." Then there appeared in elected. Later his wife and daughter joined him in the C. M. S. Intercession Paper, used regularly by baptism, and in the last letter Mr. Murray Walton some ten thousand people, the following notice: had from him he said: "The editor whose paper has the largest circulation is anxious about possible Buddhist opposition. One thing in which. we have had special blessing is an Let us pray that this difficulty may be overcome." early morning prayer meeting. For nineteen months we Within four months the entire situation had have had one every day without interruption. We meet in changed. A strike in the office of the daily paped my house from 5 to 6: 10 A. M. for Bible study and prayer. led to the resignation of the editor, and when Mr. We have also had a service every Sunday for the past three Murray Walton interviewed his successor, his an- years in the home of another Christian. Weare about swer was: "I wiLl be glad to put in your advertise- twenty who meet together. ments, but of course I will put in Buddhist ones also." The Christians rather welcomed the idea, The center of the follow-up word is in the New as they felt they would score by contrast. Life Society, a group united for the further study of Christianity. It demands certain membership After the Christian advertisements had been fees and offers certain privileges to strengthen the going for some months the Buddhist publicity sud- work and make it more or less self-supporting. denly ceased. The Editor told us why: "Oh I those One of the privileges of membership is the monthterrible articles I" he said. "They caused such ly magazine New Life, which, by its variety of quarrels among the members of my staff who be- appeal, has a better chance of satisfying curiosity, longed to different sects that I had to order that and provides continuity. A pamphlet entitled "The they be stopped. I have actually had letters from Words of New Life," containing selected Scripture some of my Buddhist readers congratulating me reading for a month, was given to each inquirer. on the tone of the Christian articles I" A direct result has been a doubling of the orders for copies Q.f the Bible. Two Bible courses are Mr. Murray Walton says: offered, one of a hundred weeks on the Bible, and one of forty weeks on the Gospels. The Circulat- The response to the articles was immediate. Before we ing Library contains books that deal with temleft on furlough twenty months later we had had 1,700 poral needs as well as spiritual. There is also a requests for further information from every part of the correspondence course which assumes that th~ stu- Empire, including 160 of the unoccupied villages of Hiro- dent knows nothing about Christianity, but is genshima Ken. Letters and visits were received from people uinely desirous of learning. His religious backof every kind; from schoolmasters and uneducated folk, ground is non-Christian, and in all probability from city dwellers and countrymen, from hospital nurses religion does not have a very vital connection with and patients, from men in the army and navy and the con- his life and character. The aim is not only to give sular service, and from Buddhist and Shinto priests. One him a good understanding of what the Christian who afterwards was baptized wrote to say, when ordering religion is, but also to lead him into a living faith some hymn books, how the fourteen employees under him in Jesus Christ as his God and Saviour and Lord. now sang hymns instead of lewd songs. A village teacher asked for hymns with the music written in figures instead The work is a growing, active organization, in of notes so that she might teach them to her children. A which changes are continually being made as fresh headmaster reported that the Christian library books went experience is acquired. "One of the fascinations of the round of his staff before being returned. One ambi- this work," says Mr. Murray Walton, "is that it tious youth inquired whether it was possible to teach him opens endless fields to the pioneer. We never can singing by correspondence, while another asked us to send tell what is going to be the next development I" by return "some Christian peace of mind." Among the topics of articles used in the news- The New Life Hall was the Christian center paper articles are the following: from which the work was conducted. On Sunday afternoon a visitor was announced whose card Christian Ideal of Love and Marriage showed him to be the vice-mayor of a town of eight thousand inhabitants a few miles from Hiroshima. The Christian Home He had been to call on a friend and had caught sight of the Christian article in the paper. For Modern Problems of Society years he had been seeking peace in Buddhism, but without avail and he asked: "Has Christianity The True Significance of Christmas anything to offer?" That evening he went to the The Age of Speed The Overthrow of Religion God is Pure. .

GOOD NEWS IN THE JAPANESE PRESS

Here is one of the articles on "Christmas" which II THE RICH FOOLtt shows the type of message given: St-Luke. XII: 13-21 In front of the Umeda Station in Osaka there stands a 4 /4/J4nese version row of shops which sell millet cakes. But the cakes on show in the open windows are only wooden ones covered with One of the pictures used in the N"wspaper E.vangelism. The rich fool millet seed. One day a hungry young man from the country aeated in front o( a pile. of rice sacks made from rice straw. with a soro6a". gave way to a sudden temptation and snatched up one of a eulculating apparatus used in ] apan on his kness. On his left an account them and bolted. The astonished shopkeeper shouted after book, made of paper similar to what is used in this print. A paper lantern him that they were only make-believe, but he was in far with bis trade mark. hung on the pile. In front of him bamboo basket and too great a hurry to look back. bags of grain. A scene at the door of the rich man's storehouse.

In Japan today Christmas has become more or less of Life Society, fifty syndicated articles to be disan institution, but most people keep it in outward form patched to the Japanese press, the correspondence only. They don't get the good from inside. For Christmas course to be conducted and letters from members is really the day on which to remember God's Son, who came to be answered-all infinitely worth while. as a man among us, and by doing so brought about a new relationship between God our Father and us in all our You never know what the next letter may conmisery and weakness. It is because of this fact that we tain. It may be from a murderer in prison or a keep Christmas with such joy. man contemplating suicide, or a woman at her wit's end because of her husband's conduct, or a People, therefore, who keep Christmas without knowing youth driven desperate by the wrongs of society Jesus Christ are like the young man who thought to satisfy and the persecution of the police. Letters asking his hunger with a wooden millet cake. advice on every conceivable subject, often from people who have nowhere else to turn. Many let- The printed articles bring an enormous re- ters are too private ever to see the light. Corresponse. The Seikokai New Life Hall on an average spondents present personal problems on which sends out a hundred packages or letters a day all they ask for help. These include problems of child the year round. One interesting thing revealed is training, Christianity and patriotism, poverty and that a Japanese is far readier to state his religious suicide, superstition, obligations to Buddhist pardifficulties by letter than by word of mouth. Cor- ents, failing of the church and of Christians. Quesrespondence is an excellent preparation for a per- tions must be answered truthfully and tactfully, sonal visit. It serves to eliminate many of the with good sense, skill and prayer. preliminaries so dear to the heart of a Japanese.

Take a typical day's correspondence at random, and, in doing so, make an imaginary tour round the New Life Hall. The article printed on the previous Sunday has been: "The Summer Holidays are Over !"

Visit first the clerk responsible for the preliminary correspondence, Mr. K. Tarnai, himself a fruit of the newspaper work. He reports that fifty-two applications have come in, from Hokkaido to Yamaguchi, two places over a thousand miles apart. They come from twenty-one of the forty-seven prefectures into which Japan is divided. To each applicant suitable literature will be dispatched, together with a letter inviting him to get into touch with the local church, or to join the New Life Society. A man living in a proverbially strong Buddhist area writes: I have just seen your article in the Nickinichi. I am a student who has a very happy home. I have been through the Middle (i. e. secondary) School, and managed to survive the "examination hell" (i. e. the nickname for the examination system in Japan), and have passed into the Higher School, preparatory to entering the university. But now I have suddenly met with misfortune and have had to leave school, and work for my living. I have seen society as it is with all its sin, and I am very miserable; please save me.

This letter is typical of many. Having to give up a university education is much more serious in Japan than inthe Occident, as a man's diploma counts for much.

There are other letters to be answered, many books to be sent out to correspondents of the New

Police records in Japan contain all the informa- literature is shared with the members of the famtion obtainable about each member of society and ily, it is probably no exaggeration to say that over the Japanese are accustomed to give such informa- a quarter of a million have been reached by this tion. The newspaper evangelism has adopted this means. method of recording information about correspondents so that the workers know not only name The total number in a week in which an adverand address of members but all about family, edu- tisement has appeared in the Tokyo Nichinichi has cation, occupation, and Christian interests. Here never fallen below 100 in recent years. The greatis one record:- est number received in a week, apart from that memorable occasion at the time of the Sunday Kashibara Komako. Aged 21. Domestic servant. Higher School Convention, has been 549. During 1931 the elementary school. Living in Tokyo. "Of course I have no average per week was 200. ; Christian relatives or friends …… I have not studied Christianity hitherto to any extent …… I simply do not An analysis of the 10,400 applicants received in understand anything of,the books which I borrow, nor do 1931 revealed the fact that 3,000 came from Tokyo and suburbs, while the northern island of Hok- –…. __ 11M 1… • 11- _, …… Ie kaido, whose inhabitants have, to a large extent, left behind them ….., _ M!cIP '" ~l t 1~._ IIut7 The ashes of their fathers _ …. tU d "UIl Je:t "'" _ .. lire And the temples of their gods, kMWl…. ot «. is responsible for 552., About 20 per cent of the total are women, a proportion which is double 1'ItllllLATI0K OF .&II ARTICLe YBlCH APPEARID 11' Tn TOkYO NICHIKICHI what it was a few years back. PAPU 011 "…….1_0D PROOUCKI)"'I. APPLICATIONS ,o~ FURTHU nnOOMlI'1C0 '.h10I,w. T.rReI.-4a7.c~.I.F.I.C.TlTW.1lRo&lSM Of the 50,000 who have applied, nearly 8 per :nrI'01tIIA'I'IOII ABOUT CRJUSTIAJC'ITT INTO cent have taken the further step of joining the WIllCB JAPAlf IS 1)1'10&0 AND ALSO trt. New Life Society. Of this number it would be safe ……._ _ _-__.,;.;;.; nll1.. to say that at least 30 per cent are nowhere near a church. ADVERTISING THE OOSPEL IN JAPAN The library statistics show that since the res- I read them with any zest. I know that it is wrong to lead urrection of the work after the earthquake, 18,310 a life without any special aim, but as one of a big staff, and volumes have been loaned. About 90 per cent of a very ordinary one at that, I cannot get hold of anything this total have gone to non-Christian homes. which gives me assurance. I feel ashamed to say this, but I will be grateful for your help …… I have been wanting An interesting sidelight which a study of the to know about Christianity for a long time, so when I saw cards gives is that 458 have no Christian connecyour article in the paper I applied at once. I am glad in- tions, and nearly half, not even Christian friends. deed at having such an opportunity." About one-third have no knowledge of Christian- ity whatever, not even from books. About one- Newspaper Evangelism, which is touching peo- sixth possess Bibles, a striking testimony to the ple by the thousand, from one standpoint reveals far-reaching work of the Bible societies, but it is Japan's spiritual condition. very common for them to add that they do not understand them. Of books specifically named as The total number of applications received by the giving knowledge of Christianity, those by Kag- Seikokai New Life Hall and its two "children" is awa outnumber those by all other Christian writers well over 50,000. To every applicant suitable put together. Christian literature has been sent, and as this The results of newspaper evangelism in Japan have been many and far-reaching. Curiosity has been awakened, inquirers have been helped to find the light, despairing men and women have been given ho}?e, seekers have found Christ and weak or ignorant Christians have been given strength to overcome.

Mr. Murray Walton decapulates the facts: In the first place, the friendliness of the press, if wisely approached, was most marked. This is all the more strik- ing in a land like Japan, where Christianity is not the na- tional religion, and where religious articles are not so com- mon as in England and America.

Secondly, the articles brought people to listen to a message which the churches were anxious to give, and which the conditions of the time demanded.

In the third place, they brought the church before the public. The value of this is not confined to the cities alone;

it has introduced the church to the country population. and his colleague, Mr. Tsukada, have been the main We hear of cases, of country folk making relatively long movers in a cooperative effort which has concenjourneys to attend meetings of which otherwise they would trated on the untouched rural areas. The adjustnever have heard. ment of church and mission relationships, how- ever, has proved a matter of continual 'difficulty. Lastly, the church, by means of correspondence, was .brought into touch with thousands of people not touched in The future of Newspaper Evangelism in Japan any other way. depends on the vision, perseverance and wisdom of the Christian Church. The people of Japan are There is one fascinating feature about News- educated; they are readers of newspapers; they paper Evangelism: it offers abundant scope to the are seekers after truth; they and the press are pioneer. It is linked on the one hand to the press, interested in religious questions. a body perhaps more alive to fresh methods and ideas than any other organization. On the other To sum up, the press of Japan offers a field to hand, through correspondence, it is in touch with the newspaper evangelist provided he is alert and individuals of every type. It is almost impossible wise. He may attain a position by which he may to get into a groove. become indispensable. He can produce goods for which there is a potential demand. Experience has taught newspaper evangelists some very valuable lessons. The movement could But should not this work be left to the Japanese not go forward if it was purely a missionary activ- Church? The Church in Japan has already a task ity, as one of the chief purposes of Newspaper in front of it in the evangelization of its people and Evangelism is the linking of the individual to the the support of its ministry, which in proportion to local church. In the second place, the plan was too its size is far in excess of that confronting the rigid. It did not allow sufficiently for local initia- home churches. People sometimes forget that the tive, nor encourage local autonomy. Further, it Church has but three hundred thousand members took but little cognizance of denominational loyal- in a population of sixty million. The way in which ties. Thirdly, full allowance must be made for it is measuring up to its task has won for it a place natural growth. A huge organization would have of honor among the "younger churches." The collapsed under its own weight. Japanese Church has already had a vision of what might be when the press is used for the extension In the meantime, missionaries and their J apa- of the Kingdom. nese colleagues were starting similar work in various provincial capitals. In the north Dr. Noss Advertising the Gospel in China Pnoto by J, A, DUfWchie, by courtesy of' "China's MiUiofl.>S," for Mat)/, We have longed to get the Christian message regularly into THE MISSION HOUSE, LICHENG, SHANSI the more remote, as well as the Showing verses of Scripture and a brief epitome of the Gospel written on the outer walls near-by villages. We thought of using the postal facilities to send of the Mission out literature, but many of the villages are not served by the Post Office. We found that for a very modest amount an "ad- vert" could be inserted in the local newspaper, which is issued once every four days and is de- livered to each village elder in the county. Copies are pasted up at the city gates, in the bar- racks and 0 the r prominent places; so our message is now being regularly broadcast and is reaching a much wider public. Another new way for "holding forth the Word of Life," is the writing up on the outer walls of our mission premises, verses of Scripture and terse Gospel state- ments.-F. A. Dunachie, Lich- eng, Shansi.

Soil in the Appalachian

By the REV. McCOY FRANKLIN, Farner, Tennessee T HE people of the Southern Appalachian American nation depends upon the stability of Highlands are a people of integrity and our homes, the stability of our homes depends great possibilites. There are almost no beg- upon the virtue of our womanhood, the virtue of gars in the mountains unless they are made beg- our womanhood depends upon the manhood of our gars by contact with outsiders or by misdirected men. When I was twenty-one years of age I left charity. Many of the original settlers in these my two-room cabin in the heart of the Appalachmountains were the working people of the South ian hills, went away to school at Berea, Kentucky, who were replaced by slave labor and, not having entered the fourth grade, worked my way through land or money to buy land, they moved to the hills school, high school, college, and the Theological and took up land thEm belonging to the Govern- Seminary, and then went back to the hills where I ment. These people were of the best blood of Eu- had grown up. I went back because I would rather rope and were of the same type as the folks who live there than in any other place and because moved on further west and settled on the plains. there are many homeless, hopeless, helpless, They were pioneers by nature, and out of these fatherless and motherless boys and girls in the hills have gone some of the leading men of our mountains who are hungry for opportunities. country. Abraham Lincoln was of mountain stock, so were James K. Polk, Andrew Jackson, The Bachman Memorial School and Home is Andrew Johnson, General Farragut, Sam Hous- located at Farner, Tennessee, and is under the ton, A. C. Dixon, Tom Dixon, Alvin York, George Presbytery of Knoxville. The work is manned by Truett, George Stewart, Joe Cannon, Cassius M. a select group of ministers, business men, and Clay, Zebulon B. Vance, James I. Vance, Joseph consecrated women from Knoxville, Chattanooga, Sweetwater, Middlesboro and other cities. We take E. Vance, Dr. Frederick F. Shannon, of Chicago, children not according to their church affiliations Bradley Kincaid of Cincinnati. Woodrow Wilson but according to their needs. We have four good said, "The Lord has reserved the people of these brick buildings well equipped, approximately 180 mountain fastnesses for a particular crisis in the acres of typical mountain farm land, a fine dairy world's history." There has never yet been a crisis barn and fifteen head of excellent dairy cows. We in American history in which the Southern Moun- could care for two hundred boys and girls but we taineers did not play an outstanding and import- have only fifty at present, not because there are ant part. These mountains have been drained of no more that need this home and training, but betheir leadership for many years. As men have cause there is no money to feed and care for more. become educated and trained, opportunities seemed so much greater elsewhere that they did I know of no more interesting work than that of taking these homeless children who are hungry not go back to the hills. "Outsiders" have gone for life and of furnishing a home for them, and in, often with a superiority complex and a con- then sending them out into the world with joy in descending attitude, and have said to the moun- their hearts, new light in their faces and new purtain people "you must be like me and do as I pose in their lives. It is better to build boys than do." Many grievous blunders have been made. to mend men. A lot of money can be spent trying The mountain section is capable of furnishing its to mend a life that is already wrecked, and see own leadership and in most cases the native lead- little results, but when you invest a dollar in builders will better understand the psychology of the ing a boy on the foundation that Jesus Christ laid mountain people. They are like other folk and you are investing a dollar that will bring large love to be treated as other folk. dividends.

My interest in the boys and girls of the "Great The Appalachian mountain section contains Smokies" is not because of ignorance, or poverty, approximately-four and a half millions of peoplej or superstition, but because I believe that the out- the purest Anglo-Saxons of America. Many side world needs the great untapped reservoirs of schools are doing fine work there. We will be human resources that are stored in these hills, happy to have friends visit Bachman and see for waiting for development. We seldom hear of a themselves the type of Christian work that is bedivorce in the mountains. The stability of the ing done there.

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Poverty in

Muriel Lester, Founder of Kingsley House, Bow, London, East By STANLEY ARMSTRONG HUNTER, Berkeley, California O NE Sunday morning two years ago, as I days in my home and for my congregation to was engaged in pulpit preparation, my hear three remarkable messages from her. I am telephone rang. "Gandhi is about to broad- convinced, as are the people of Bow, that this cast from London," said a friend. From Kingsley vivacious and saintly English woman has a real Hall, located in the slums of Bow, E. 3, London, message for this generation.

there came over the radio the voice of Miss Muriel Thirty-One Years for the Poor, Lester, founder of the settlement house that was to be his London home for three months. She was For thirty-one years Muriel Lester has lived describing the local setting and the busy life of among the poor, in an industrial district of twenty her social service center. Bow, where a bow- square miles of unmitigated unloveliness and shaped bridge over the Thames squalor. Thirty-three public had been built long before houses or saloons are within a Chaucer mentioned the prioress three-minute walk of her door, from this locality, seemed a so her settlement house keeps most interesting place. What open an hour after they close we thought was static later was their doors. One evening four discovered to be the murmur fights which had started in the and hum of little children about "pubs" were continued in the settlement. That Sunday Kingsley Hall. Here people are evening I wrote her a note to still compelled to live eight and tell her how clearly her own more in a single room, where message as well as that of all the functions of life must be her famous guest had come performed.

through, for I had already been How did it come that she and introduced to her through her later her sister Doris, who is little book, 'Ways of Praying." in charge of the near-by Chil- A Peace Crusade dren's House, found their place of service here, in a locality Last October, after a busy which they had thought hope- month spent lecturing across less as they journeyed by train this country, Miss Lester sailed through it on the way to their from San Francisco for Japan home in Essex? Train travelers on her round-the-world peace close their windows to exclude mission of seven months. Let- the smells occasioned, para- ters from China tell of the re- MURIEL LESTER doxically enough, in the manu- markable response her message received from facture of perfumes and Yardley's lavender water. students. "What wonderful people the mission- She tells how she was drawn first to the quarter aries are," she writes. At New Year's she was in Foochow interviewing Eugene Chen and others as a sort of lark, seeking a new experience. Then in the revolutionary movement, and giving ex- came the challenge to help-was it right for her pression to her active pacifism. Seven years ago to remain aloof when girls of her own age desshe visited India and was a guest of Tagore and perately needed friendship? Not yet twenty, she Gandhi, as her book, "My Host, the Hindu," de- decided to throw in her lot with the underpriviscribes. The poor people of the slums released leged. Her father, a prominent Baptist layman, her for this journey, confident t~at she has a mes- gave the funds for the first Kingsley Hall, named sage for the poor of the world, which they must in memory of her twenty-seven-year-old brother share. who died in 1914. He lived to be ninety-one years old, dying in 1927, maintained his interest to the It was a great privilege to have her stay five end, and found much joy in the progress of the [513 ]

rapidly expanding work. He has been its largest serves an hour daily for prayer and meditation benefactor. As he had made his money in ship- alone in a walk. I have never met anyone who so building and repairing in that neighborhood, enjoyed the light filtering through our thousand- Muriel Lester feels that the locality has a right to year-old sequoias in Muir Woods, or so relished his wealth. He had gone to work as a bricklayer's the purple of San Francisco's bay as seen from the laborer at the tender age of eight, when his father summit of Tamalpais, or the sunsets over the had been press-ganged to fight in the Napoleonic Golden Gate from the Skyline' Boulevard of our Wars, to help support the family, in a time when Berkeley hills. there were no maintenance allowances for starving wife and children. A New Technique of Prayer An Experiment in Voluntary Poverty Her delightful booklet, "Ways of Praying" (re- printed in America by the Cokesbury Press) tells Miss Lester limits herself to an expenditure of how she found in prayer a cure for nerves. After seven dollars per month in addition to the simple a breakdown she worked out a technique of refood with lodging in a cell six by nine feet which is laxation and communion. The masseuse who came supplied to each of the ten workers in Kingsley to her girlhood home once told her: "The trouble Hall. with you, Miss, is that you enjoy everything too much." Since then she has learned the secret of A local newspaper, in reporting this strange power and poise but has not lost her enjoymentmanner of living, called "voluntary poverty," said nor her laughter, gay as a college girl's. that her father had invested more than $50,000 in her enterprise. This is an understatement. Miss Probably the deepest impression everyone gains Lester was left an annuity bringing in about of her personality is her belief in and practise of $2,000 each year. This she declined, and a new prayer. Four times a year her household and trust deed turning it over to the poor, the first of friends spend a whole night in prayer; after the its kind in English history, had to be created after vigil comes the communal Sunday breakfast, the causing considerable legal consternation. "Where- jolliest time of the season. Three times a day all as the annuitant is of opinion that she has no right stop for prayer in Kingsley Hall-even Charlie to accept this income where her neighbors lack Chaplin stayed for it after his famous interview necessities, holding that God's law of providing with Gandhi in their sitting-room. Kingsley Hall bountifully for all is more wise, sane and decent has not only a large and beautiful worship hall, than the law of the land which secures to a few but a small sanctuary for private prayer. Like people more than they need while the many have Kagawa, Miss Lester makes a practice of wakto endure less than they need," was the strange ing in the night or early dawn to pray for the wording of the new deed. rulers of the world as well as her friends in the International Fellowship of Reconciliation, peace Kingsley Hall does not receive any benefit from workers who are bound together in sympathy and this annuity, which is administered for the poor love. She carries with her a copy of Albrecht of Bow. They themselves are represented in the Durer's engraving of the hands of a saint clasped group that decides on its expenditure. To operate in prayer. When she spoke on prayer in our the settlement Miss Lester raises from friends church, her face so glowed that one hearer later about $5,000 annually. said, "Now the transfiguration is easier to un- derstand." When she and her colleagues embarked upon this remarkable venture of voluntary poverty, Miss Lester's practical suggestions on praying the newspapers directed considerable attention to are fresh and inspiring. One university psycholoher plan. Henceforth no difficulty was experi- gist told me that they seemed sound from his enced in getting assistance from leading artists, standpoint. Her God is so real! "Think of him as actors and musicians. John Galsworthy and others shining beauty, radiant joy, creative power, allbecame interested. Prof. D. J. Fleming of Union pervading love, perfect understanding, purity and Seminary refers to this way of life in his recent serenity," she says. book, "Ventures in Simpler Living." It takes careful management to clothe oneself on five shil- Miss Lester conducts the Sunday evening servlings weekly, with only two shillings for spending ice in her settlement, and it must be a service that money, but it is done gladly by her group. I found is different. She advises her people never to sing that even on her trip she expected to omit lunch- a line of a hymn if they do not really mean it. For eons twice a week and always passes up sweet many months of the war, until they were ready desserts, that she may identify herself more com- for it, they would. not sing the lines of the verse pletely with her beloved poor. But no one can claim that she is an ascetic. She lives life gloriously, Sufficient in thine arm alone, radiantly, abundantly. She loves nature, and re- And our defense is sure,

VOLUNTARY POVERTY IN ACTION .515

in Isaac Watt's great hymn, "Our God, our help hunger meant, organized themselves into "a liv- in ages past." Neither could they repeat the Lord's ing newspaper," and holding up placards paraded Prayer until they had brought themselves to prac- to the House of Commons, even though such a tice forgiveness and reconciliation. Silence is procession is illegal within a mile limit when Par- given a place in her order of worship. She feels liament is in session. For years the children of that worship in American churches is apt to be Bow brought gifts for enemy children week after too programmed, with little opportunity left for week to save life-food, soap, scraps of cotton, God to speak to the waiting heart. spare clothes and money. It takes courage for a Like her friend Maude Royden, she is herself a slum woman to rise in her seat and utter a protest preacher of true eloquence and remarkable power, at the Royal Air Force display in Hendon, with although she has never sought ordination, possibly thousands of people in attendance, but her moth- not feeling any need for it. "Why Forbid Us," is ers find strength to do so each year.

the title of a booklet she has written as a plea Of the children of the &treets she writes: "It for the ordination of woman preachers. Her book- is they who preserve the milk of human kindness let on "Worship" is a gem. "By giving yourself to from growing sour." Who can forget her word worship you can make every moment immortal," picture of the laddie burrowing in an ash can and she writes; "you can find your individual life retrieving with joy a faded bunch of violets for merging itself ever more completely into the life his mother! "Their confidence in us saves us from of the world. You can forget your own soul be- cynicism," she will tell you.

cause you are so engrossed in the great design When Ezekiel said, "I sat where they sat," he that God's economy is weaving out of our short, was identifying himself with his suffering fellow- broken and tangled threads. By the way of wor- men and was experiencing what Rauschenbusch ship you can come so close to this great Weaver used to call the sense of social solidarity. Miss that you find yourself learning from Him not to Lester has identified herself with the cause of the waste a broken thread of time by impatience or children. "When the children I meet in the street resentment, not to throwaway the most tangled take me into their confidence I ask myself, would skein of opportunity by self-pity or regret." Mark they, could they, continue to treat me so, if they is her favorite Gospel. To hear her read from knew how things were between us?" She says, Canon Pym's translation of Mark, made for the "if they knew I was eating butter, drinking milk Tommies in war time, is a memorable experience. that was really theirs because they need it more, The Mary and Martha, the mystic and the min- I feel something of a traitor when I stop to think istering, are remarkably blended in her person- about it. Meanwhile they never stop to think about ality. For four and a half years she fought for it; they are never suspicious. They just live out human rights as a London alderman. There was their small lives as long as they can and enjoy no reduction in the appropriations for milk for themselves, counting everyone their friend.

children during her tenure of office! They've got the secret of how to end war; they Working With Her People neither hate nor fear; they trust people."

Her work is not so much for, as with, people. A Realist in Reconciliation In Kingsley Hall there is no payment for labor; Miss Lester is no sentimentalist without a sys- neighbors and social workers gladly take turns at tem of economics, but is a realist. In almost every scrubbing the floors. The neighbors also share address she quotes tlie old saying which she claims generously in the financial support. was current Christian teaching in the church a This modern saint and prophet makes her audi- thousand years ago: "If you possess superfluities ences see the nobility that shines out in common while your brethren lack necessities, you are pos- life. "My people are the happiest people in the sessing the goods of others and are therefore world, despite their hunger and suffering," she stealing." The message which she carried around says. She bears witness to their indomitable cour- the world states: "The only rational basis for the age and persevering cheerfulness and unexpected distribution of goods is need. And the only way generosity. "For many years I have had a convic- to get goods distributed on this basis, is for all of tion that wisdom abides in the East End of Lon- us to stop seeking privileges for ourselves and to don," she declares. "Its inhabitants are not such use all our resources for the common end of satis- temporary citizens as are the denizens of May- fying need.

fair." No wonder Gandhi felt at home there! "Why should people starve in a world of plenty?

When Parliament needed to be told of the suf- God has stored the earth and the sea with His fering of German children from the blockade, and bounty, for the use of man and not for the piling ecclesiastical dignitaries and prominent editors up of dividends. To destroy rubber trees, to burn refused to give aid, her women, who knew what grain, to use wool for road surfaces, to throw fish

back into the sea in order to keep up prices, is to excommunication and organized hooliganism enwork against God. Women can sometimes ask un- livened our days," she says, "but we refused at comfortable questions and here is one who refuses Kingsley Hall to pronounce a moratorium on the to be bluffed by the economists or politicians." Sermon on the Mount for the duration of the war." She adds: "We could not conceive of God as a One of the founders of the Fellowship of Recon- nationalist." The peace message that she has carciliation, she put her tenets into practice during ried around the world proclaims, "God has made the war. Her group never faltered in proclaiming of one blood all nations under heaven. No man their doctrine of nonviolence, even when twenty- can suddenly become my enemy just because he three children were killed or injured in a near-by happens to have been born on the other side of a school in an air raid. "Our building was bombed river or boundary line, and because his governby a Zeppelin from abroad and threatened by the ment has issued an ultimatum against mine. Is it patriots at home. Anonymous letters, police raids, not time that we refused to fight?" threats of vitriol throwing, social boycott, virtual A Korean Inn–Keeper By IDABELLE LEWIS MAIN, in the China Christian Advocate I N ONSEIRI, Diamond Mountains, Korea, lives the far north of Korea for eleven days in evan- the Rev. S. Y. Yun, keeper of an inn. This gelistic work. They held classes and meetings for Korean pastor shared with his guests the ex- everybody. They taught hygiene, simple homeperiences of his life, bringing into clear relief economics and child care. Above all, they told the what the Heavenly Father's care means to his love of Christ which changes the hearts of those heart. He came to Onseiri from the pastorate. who trust in Him. After her return to her home, He loved his work, but for three years he had slept Miss Yun spoke of those eleven days with great very little because of strain. So he brought his joy. family to this place of quiet. "I had nothing," he said, "I had no money and no strength. 1 thought Eight years ago, one windy winte,r's night, a this would be a good place to die. But I did not drunken Korean was sleeping under the shelter of die. It was not the Father's plan. 1 bathed in the thatched roof of the church. He was so drunk the hot sulphur springs, cut branches for our fire that he did not realize his carelessness as he in the forest and carried them home on my back. lighted his cigarette. The dry roof blazed imme- I scrubbed the floors and painted my roofs and diately and the high wind carried the sparks to began to sleep." the other cottages of the village. Intent on sav- ing the church, Mr. Yun did not notice that the When Mr. Yun came to the village, there was a fire had spread to his own home. Too late to save tiny, struggling church. He began to preach, re- his possessions, he rushed Mrs. Yun and the chilceiving no salary for his work. The church began dren to a place of safety. By morning his propto grow until today there are a hundred Chris- erty was in ashes and he was again near death tians in this village of about five hundred Koreans. because of weakness. "We were beggars; we had nothing with which to cover our heads. We had "God has prospered me," said Mr. Yun one day. neither food nor money to buy it. Months before "I do not drink, nor do I gamble. 1 work hard and 1 had asked a friend to insure our place for 3,000 save money. At night I am tired and sleep." For Yen and had given him the money. When I went every ten yen given by the other members of the to collect, 1 found that my friend had used the church, Mr. Yun gives ten yen. Although there money and had not taken out the insurance. I is a well-equipped, tax-supported school in the vil- thought of bringing my friend to law, but I knew lage, only one Korean child to five Japanese chil- that this would change us from friends into enedren is admitted. Therefore, the church is per- mies, and change our sons for years to come into mitted to have a school for Korean children. who enemies. So 1 forgave my friend. 1 was tempted would otherwise grow up in ignorance. Mr. Yun to blame God. I had done my best for the church' is principal of this school and gives largely to its and this was the result. Then 1 remembered that support. this was the trial of my faith. I believed in the love of God and took courage. Now 1 have my He has seven children. The oldest son is a new hotel and home and my business has prosphotographer, living in the village with a wife and pered. 1 work hard, but 1 am well again and we two children. The oldest daughter is a junior in are a happy family." Ewha Haktang. Mter school was dismissed last spring, she went with a classmate to a village in

A Woman's Trip to Central Arabia*

I-e( By MRS. L. P. DAME Ifie- Missionary of the Reformed Church in America ~====~ ARED-LETTER day has been added to the nized social leader of the city. So you can imagine calendar of the Arabian Mission by the my satisfaction when she "laid down the law" to penetration of the first woman missionary Dr. Dame that he was never to return to Hassa into Central Arabia. It seems very strange that without "Salaha," (my Arabic name). I did not after many years in Arabia I should take my first dream that my first trip would be made a stepping- trip to inland Arabia. stone to the second and larger one.

In April (1933) Dr. Dame received an urgent In July a very urgent message came from the request from the Governor of Hassa to come and King himself for Dr. Dame to come to Riadh treat members of his family. The Residency when speedily and to bring a "Hakima" (lady doctor) or appealed to for permission for me to go along nurse. This invitation was the first that had in- made no objection provided the Governor had cluded a request for women, so it marks a new given an invitation. The local Arab agents of the epoch in touring. Therefore, after a hurried Governor assured Dr. Dame that that was not preparation, our party set sail in a launch the eve- lacking but added, "She must wear Arab clothes." ning of July 26th headed for Ojeir. The party Dr. Dame sent a letter ahead to the Governor consisted of Mrs. Gerrit Van Peursem, who is now and we started for Hassa. No message stopped us our "lady doctor," an Indian nurse, Grace Davis at Ojeir so we continued on to EI Hofhuf. After- (trained at Madanapalle in our Arcot Mission), wards we learned from the Governor's agent there Medina, a black woman and mission helper of that he was present when the Governor read the many years standing, Saroor, Kathim and Abdul letter announcing my coming. The Governor Nabi, three Persian workers in the Men's Hos,.

smiled and remarked as he folded up the letter, pital and Peter, our Goanese cook. In Hassa we "Dr. Dame is bringing his family with him." added an Arab cook, Bin Rabaya, thus completing I had a most interesting three weeks, living in a party of ten.

an Arab house, Arab style, wearing Arab clothes, The journey was made in three laps, by launch eating Arab food off a mat on the floor. I learned from Bahrain to Ojeir, by motor from Ojeir to EI what it feels like (almost) to be a woman in pur- Hofhuf, where we rested until the motor con- dah, keeping myself secluded, out of sight of the voy was ready to convey us from EI Hofhuf to men who called on my husband and being meticu- Riadh. This convoy consisted of two touring cars lous about veiling and being well covered with my and three lorries, all of which were packed like black abba when in public-which meant going sardines with people, bedding, tents, luggage, somewhere in a motor car. petrol, water and various odd and ends. We had I found the women of the Governor's palace de- a live sheep in one of the lorries-our meat supply lightful, friendly and interesting and I had a won- -on the hoof!

derful time visiting in their houses. Since none of The desert between Ojeir and EI Hofhuf is these women had met Mrs. Rena Harrison (the mostly undulating sand dunes with a stretch Of first woman missionary to reach EI Hofhuf) on salt pans in the middle. The sand dunes are fairly her trip there thirteen years ago, I was their first high and beautifully rounded and are made of contact with Western women. I did meet some of luscious yellow sand, so pure and clean looking.

the Effendi women who remembered her visit with One of the marvels of the trip was the ease with pleasure and one Arab woman now married and which the motors glided up and over these dunes the mother of several children who in her own which one might easily imagine well-nigh impass- words "was only a small child" then and much able. It was an unusual but splendid "whoopee"

afraid at first of the foreigner. ride.

The most outstanding woman was a daughter The sand dunes finish to the east of EI Hofhuf of the Governor, who was a very independent and and the desert on the other side presents a variety strong character and who seemed to be the recog- of topography. One crosses plain hard rocky levels, stretches of smooth hard sand, small hills Ara*bCiao,nd2e5n and cliffs, wady beds, stretches of soft sand where sed and used with plates, by permission, from Neglected E·ast 22d St., New York.

[517 ]

cars get stuck and in general there is a gradual herdesses too and no doubt the shepherds still rise as one climbs up to the Nejd Plateau, Riadh make the shepherdesses wait and no Moses ap- having an altitude of 2,000 feet. We took a semi- pears to combat their cause!

circular sweep or horseshoe curve from EI Hof- We spent three nights on the desert, which huf, going northwest, then west, then southwest, cooled off considerably compared to the day-time to avoid the sand dunes of the Dahna. The camel heat. Early in the morning the Delil (guide) caravans take a more direct east and west route. would arouse the caravan by calling "Yalla! gu- Our general plan of travel was to get up early mu! (0 God!! (hurry), rise!) It was anything and ride until an hour or so before noon, when a but a welcome sound, so very early in the morning, camp site would be reached, preferably near a before daylight, the air still chilly and our blank- well and there we would pitch our tents and rest ets snug and warm. But it was a summons that for a few hours in the heat of the day and have had to be obeyed and we made short work of our midday meal. Then in the afternoon we dressing, rolling up our bedding, gulping down would break camp and ride on until late in the some strong tea or bitter Arab coffee, into the evening when we would stop, unroll our bedding cars and off before we were fairly awake. We and go to sleep under the stars on our beds of covered many miles before sun-up but had our sand. reward in seeing the majesty of the sunrise over Heat and Thirst in the Desert the spacious desert sands. It was not long after The end of JUly is the season of the very worst the sunrise however when the day's heat began to heat. The desert was parched, not a green thing be felt. growing. We learned how terrible thirst can be. Our precious skins of water had to last between Our third camping site was in a little valley bewells for there were long stretches where abso- tween rocky hills (like Muscat) where acacia lutely not a drop was procurable. There are only trees grew and a few pungent herbs. It was nice to see some vegetation once more.

three wells between EI Hofhuf and Riadh. And The last stretch was a mad race to reach Riadh oh I how thirsty we got. We drank often but all before sunset. The cars of the convoy, realizing the membranes of our noses, mouths and throats that the need for keeping together for mutual were as dryas dust and we never really seemed protection and assistance had passed, set out each able to quench our burning thirst. Some of the for himself, to make the goal. Finally, we came water we drank too was anything but choice, be- in sight of palm trees-the gardens on the outing neither clean nor appetizing, but it was wet skirts of the city-and then the city walls themand that was the prime requisite. One cannot be selves in the distance. We stopped at a garden called "Shemsia" where fresh water was brought finicky on a tour! The first well we came to after leaving EI Hof- to us and we drank it greedily by the quart. Surely huf could easily have been the one the angel point- water never tasted so good before.

ed out to Hagar. If our guide had not taken us to Our Entrance into Riadh the very spot I am sure we should never have seen it although we might have been within six feet of Then we went on more leisurely to the city's it. It happened that we arrived there off schedule gate. Riadh has a medieval appearance, with its having been stuck innumerable times in the sand walls, turrets and crenelated roofs. We entered and finally arrived at high noon when there were one of the main gates, which was just wide enough no flocks about. That was the worst day of the to let the car through. On either side stood armed journey; it was terrifically hot. How glad we guards. The car eased through the gate and we were to get into the tent and when darkness came were riding down the main street. A thrill passed on we enjoyed splashy "cup" baths since we were through us. We had arrived in Riadh, the capital right at a good supply of water and could afford city of Nejd!

to be lavish. Here, too, we ate our sheep. The poor There are certain characteristic sounds of Riadh thing had fallen out of the lorry earlier in the which we soon came to know and from which we day and had broken a leg. We broke our fast with could never get away; the creak of the wells, the him since that was our first real meal of the day. buzz of flies, the shouts and grunts of Bedouin The second well pictured for me vividly the well and camels, and the ever recurring prayer call.

in Midian where Moses sat down in his flight and All the wells have a series of pulleys overhead later chivalrously helped the seven shepherdesses which wind and unwind the ropes, one end of to water their flocks. So many flocks! For nearly which attaches to the leathern buckets and the as far as one could see, in every direction, long other to the donkeys who furnish the motive strings of camels and furry flocks of sheep and power. These pulleys creak and squeak in various goats wending their soft-footed ways to the wells tunes and times the whole twenty-four hours, to be watered. So many shepherds and, yes, shep- day in and day out. The flies at least are quiet at

A WOMAN'S TRIP TO CENTRAL ARABIA

night unless one happens to brush against a cur- wady with considerable force and here are found tain or something and set them all buzzing and the gardens. At one of the castles there was a flying about. One would scarcely believe there peach orchard and when one was in that lovely could be so many flies in one place. Our house was spot enjoying the beautiful looking and delicious literally saturated with them and there was a con- full-flavored peaches it was hard to believe that stant hum and buzz. Everything got fly specked. one was in the center of an expansive, barren They were intolerable at meal times. We tried fly desert. poison (our precious Flit was saved for the operating room) but only succeeded in making the Our housekeeping was not without its problems house disgusting with hordes of fly corpses and or interest. We were guided that first evening for every hundred that died two hundred more to a large door opening onto the main street, the came to enjoy the sweet bait, so we gave up trying door being all we could see of the house from the to battle them. outside. Inside there was an imposing row of A Mixture of Sights and Sounds DR. AND MRS. DAME IN AlRAB DRESS Many Bedouin are constantly coming and going pillars surrounding a square court. Upstairs a through Riadh and especially in the months when hollow square in the center looked down on this the King is in residence they come to present their court and one could walk around it. There was a homage and to receive their emoluments. The huge room to the north with pillars inside and out money is handed out at night and one could hear on the verandah and a small narrow room next arguments of various kinds as the bazaar trades- to it. On the southeast corner of the llollow square men fastened on to some of their credit customers was a medium seized room furnished with strips who were trying to walk away under cover of the of matting on the floor and a couple of rugs to sit darkness with their newly received money intact, on, with a few large square hard mesnids (cushwith no thought of paying for the goods they had ions to lean against) ranged along the wall. purchased in daylight. One evening we were startled by the sound of running steps and cries Dr. Dame knew the house, having lived there of "Jehad! Jehad!" (holy war). Dr. Dame was on a previous trip. It belonged to one of tlie spending the night at a distant castle and we felt King's brothers. Now it had been divided into rather shivery for a few minutes. However the two parts; the section to the west had been renoise went past and all became quiet. We learned modelled for use as the Sharta or Police Headnext day one of the Bedouin was calling his companion; J ehad was his name. All day long one could hear the grunts and groans of camels going by and the various calls and shouts used by th~ Bedouin in urging on or coaxing their unwilling beasts.

The prayer call is given regularly five times a day. We seemed to be in the middle of four "parishes" and heard the four muezzins quite near, giving the call "Allah hu el akbar" almost simultaneously.

Riadh presents a number of contrasts. In appearance and in reality it is a medieval town, yet there is a wireless station there three times as powerful as the one in Bahrain, over which the King receives the latest world-news. There are telephones and electric lights all over the Palace but sanitation is almost wholly lacking and flies are legion. One may see a procession of twenty or more of the most up-to-date motor cars riding alongside the plodding camels, those ships of the desert since antiquity. (Incidentally the motor roads are execrable.) One of the greatest contrasts however was to see a line of palm trees in the depths of a winding wady (dry river bed) which cleft its way through the hard rocky plateau. When the rains come they wash down the

quarters and separated from it to the 'north was and of their becoming our friends as well as our the residence of the Chief of Police. The main neighbors. door formerly connecting the two main sections was boarded up. We called on the wife as soon as possible to apologize for being the instruments (though un- We had brought our own cots and mosquito nets intentionally so) of thei~ eviction. She too was a and decided to sleep out on the open roof-veran- stranger and had gone to the only friends she dah. We also ate our breakfasts and dinners there knew in Riadh. When she arrived there with her until the weather turned too cold. The small room baby, ahead of her husband who was gathering up was assigned to Nurse Grace and Medina; the a few things, her friends jumped to the conclusion large room was partitioned off by a curtain to that she had been divorced, quite a logical conafford a living-room and Mrs. Van Peursem's clusion in a Moslem country. room. We ate our lunches in the living room. The medium-sized room on the far side was given to As soon as the workmen cleared out we came the doctor and his wife. The corresponding rooms out of hiding and set to work getting settled. A downstairs became the "boys" domain. The kitch- table and four chairs made locally were brought en was down there but there was no bathroom! in and served both for our meals and for writing. When they were first produced they were so An Eviction Prevented high it was laughable and so crude and rough that every time we sat down we got a splinter The Wazir (vizier) who called to see how we or tore our clothes. Arabs, who as a rule sit were getting settled, when informed of this lack on the floor, invariably make a chair or bench at once telephoned to the King! His reply was far too high for any comfort. We had to cut 'both characteristic and to the point. Batter down off about five inches from all the legs of this the connecting door immediately, move out the furniture. We secured a number of empty boxes Chief of Police and, presto! we could have access (the kind that hold two five-gallon kerosene tins) to the bathroom over there and incidentally have and by putting them in threes either end to end or ,more rooms. Before we ladies knew a thing about one on top of another we made quite serviceable what was happening or what solution had been dressers, a bookcase, washstand and china (?) 'given we were alarmed by blows on the door from closet. I had taken our picnic lunch-basket with us the other side of the wall and in a few minutes it with its picnic tableware and enameled cups, sauwas open. We went to investigate these sounds cers and plates and these were our china and and learned of the plan. Curious to see the lay of silver. Two goats down in the courtyard furnished the land we went over to the other side and there our milk supply and we secured rice, meat, eggs in a hallway as though dropped in precipitate and vegetables in the bazaar. The Riadh bread is flight lay a baby's bonnet. Demanding further ex- very poor, being exceedingly heavy and soggy, but planations we learned that the Chief of Police there was nothing else. We longed for white had a wife and baby and they had been turned bread and potatoes before the tour was finished out of bed at that hour of the night with no warn- but two ladies at least did not regret losing fifteen ing whatever. To our strenuous objections, to pounds apiece, due probably to the lack of them. such a proceeding the bland answer was, "It is ,the King's orders. What else to do?" No matter how hot the day the nights were de- liciously cool for sleeping and by October were Being Americans and women, however, we had really quite cold. In the mornings before sunup plenty of suggestions as to what else to do, (Kings the temperature got as low as 56° F. to the contrary notwithstanding) and we insisted that we would accept not even so necessary an Pestiferous Insects adjunct as a bathroom at the price of the eviction of a family. In no time we found a corner that The flies were a great trial during the day but at seemed just the place for a bathroom and demand- night on our open roof we enjoyed in full measure ed that one be built. The King, bless his heart, the wide expanse of the heavens with the wonderagreed that the idea was a very good one and ful array of stars. Altogether we were fairly comgave orders correspondingly, though why royalty fortable and 'learned some lessons on how to preshould have to be bothered by such details remains pare for future trips. Our health on the whole a mystery inherent to the land of the Arabs. Work- was pretty good though each one of the party had ers were sent next day to do the needful. It meant a spell of sickness The early part of our stay, that the ladies were kept as virtual prisoners in coincided with sandfly season and we were all one room for several days until the workmen fin- nearly eaten alive by those pestiferous insects. ished their job, for of course we were strictly All of our party of ten, except Dr. Dame and mypurdah. It also meant the return of the Chief of self, succumbed to sandfly fever. Dr. Dame got a Police and his little family to their erstwhile home bad cold and I an infected eye so we all had some- thing. Then Abdul Nabi came down with pneu-

A WOMAN'S TRIP TO CENTRAL ARABIA

monia and was quite a sick lad for several days and then there entered His Majesty, all smiles and but fortunately made a good recovery. graciousness. He is very easy to meet and to The most interesting objects in Central Arabia speak with and has a quality of democracy hard were the Arabs themselves. Here was the home to reconcile with one's idea of an absolute mon- of the historic Wahabis and their descendants, arch, of which perhaps he is the one leading ex- the redoubtable Ikhwan. The latter movement ample left in the world. For instance, the road seems to have waned and the term is largely in along which he passed from the town castle to the disrepute, the zealous religionists preferring the country castle was often picketed by groups of former designation although one sees numbers of Bedouin. They were waiting for the King's ar- the broad white head bands, especially among the rival to stop him for some complaint or request Bedouin who come to town. These head bands used and the King would always stop, listen graciously to be the special badge of the Ikhwan. Tobacco and give a word of advice or perhaps some money is actually sold in the Riadh bazaar although one or an order on the commissariat. Contrast this does not see any smoking in the streets. Children with his Nebuchadnezzarism in treatment of a play mouth organs, even in the Palace, albeit sur- man who had been sentenced by the court to the reptitiously, and one day Mrs. Van Peursem came whippingpost. The King overruled the court's upon a group of half grown boys playing cards. order and ordered his head off. The man was led They were arguing over the game and Mrs. Van out, thinking he was to receive forty stripes but Peursem stopped and said, "Playing cards! Are just as he finished giving the witness* to the of- you not afraid of the Ikhwan?" ficial in front of him, another from behind sliced "Ikhwan?" they scoffed, but added, "No, but off his head with a sword and he never knew what we do fear the King." struck him. His body lay for hours in the sunny "Well," said she. "May he not come along any square as a lesson to evildoers and was gazed upon minute and catch you at it?" by hundreds of people. One of these who had "Oh, no," very brightly, "he is out in the desert never seen an execution before, was so overcome today." that he fell down in a dead faint and was still un- The Chief Wahabi-The King conscious an hour later when Dr. Dame happened to come that way. But mashallah (what God hath The chief Wahabi as well as the most outstand- willed!) after the doctor had given him a needle ing Arab in the whole country is the King him- he came back to life. The other man, alas, was self. Unusually tall and well built, erect and regal beyond his power! looking in his flowing Arab robes, with his pleasing manner and charming smile he would com- No matter what happens the King must be mand attention in any company. He is simple, di- obeyed and all the Palace servants make it plain rect, unaffected and undoubtedly sincere and at the that when one is summoned by the King one must same time shrewd, diplomatic and yet opinionated. jump and run. It so happened that an American He seems to have a firm hold on the affections of engineer, who has been doing work for the King his people and the times were innumerable that in the Hedjaz for some time, came to Riadh at the one heard "Allah towell amrahu" (God lengthen his days). • "There is no God but God and Mohammed is the Apostle of I first met him at the castle God."

of peach garden fame. Mrs.

Van Peursem had met him pre- viously on one of her profes- sional calls. We had been in- vited out there to meet some of the royal ladies. We were sit- ting on the floor Arab style in our Arab clothes when there seemed a slight commotion out- side in the hallway. A signal went around the room like an electric shock and all the ladies present galvanized into sudden action. The royal lady next to me hissed in my ear, "The King!" and quickly throwing my veil over my face I scram- bled to my feet with the others KING ABD EL AZIZ BIN SAOUD AND ATTENDANTS

same time we were there. The morning after his well as a dozen or more of sisters and daughters arrival a Palace servant summoned him to appear of various ages and dispositions all on good terms before the King. The fact that it was not very with himself and with each other presents no convenient for him to appear at that moment small problem in the diplomatic' line. I believe made no difference; the summons was impor- it is his boast that he has had one hundred and tunate and therefore importunately obeyed. Mr. fifty-three wives and of the hundred and fifty who T. emerged clad only in a large bath towel. Imag- have been divorced down the years not one went ine his consternation when he realized the object away angry at him. He has an attractive personof the summons, which was to meet an American ality and a nice way with his women and I am sure lady! She, too, had been summarily called away the present contingent would lay down their lives from an urgent bit of nursing but the King's de- for him as he seems to have the happy faculty of sire was accomplished. He introduced the two making each one feel that she is superior to all and of the three was probably the most serene and the others and dearer to him by far. Of course the least surprised. he has had plenty of experience but one wonders sometimes how much their loyalty and love and If one were to criticize him as a ruler one would tolerance are influenced by the appeal of his persay that he has too much personal responsibility sonality or by that of his title. Certainly I have for an able executive. It is no doubt true that he never seen these qualities manifested to such a is the most capable man in the kingdom but why degree in other Arab women whose husbands had should the King need to be bothered with every no connection with a throne. little detail in the realm, as for instance the matter of our bathroom? And all during our stay every A Religious Discussion With the King case in the royal family and most of the others outside, examined by Dr. Dame or Mrs. Van Peur- Above everything else His Excellency is very sem, had first been referred to the King. Nothing religious. One would hardly say that he is as anywhere seemed to be done without his permis- fanatic as his followers the Ikhwan but he is very sion or sanction. His finger is in every pie. zealous for Islam as exemplified in Wahabyism and is ever ready to put forth its claims as the Putting the Telephone to the Test cream of religions. He used the usual Moslem arguments-that God had first revealed Himself His Excellency's diplomacy is well known and is through Moses and the Taurat (0. T.), and then well illustrated by the following incident. When through Christ and the Injil (Gospel) and finally modern improvements, including telephones, were through Mohammed and the Koran, and that as being installed in Riadh the Ikhwan leaders grew Christ and the Injil had abrogated Moses and the suspicious and angry and went to the King to Taurat so in turn Mohammed and the Koran had voice their objections to such innovations and now abrogated Christ and the Injil. works of the devil from the lands of the infidel. His Majesty received the deputation with all def- When we refused to accept this statement he erence and respect and listened to all they had to chided us for being less liberal than the Moslems. say. Then he made pronouncement in words to "For," said he, "you will not accept Mohammed this effect: "If the telephone is really a work of and the Koran whereas we do accept Christ and the devil we shall most certainly have none of it. the Injil. Our people must believe in Christ and Tear it out and cast it away. But on the other the Injil. Why, if any of our people deny Christ hand if it is a worthy instrument we must put it and his mother we slay them but you people do to the test. Of a certainty if it is the work of the not accept the Prophet and his book." devil the holy words of the Koran will not pass over it and just as certainly if the holy words do We tried to point out that a nominal or matterpass over it, it assuredly cannot be the work of of-fact acceptance of Christ and his book was of the devil. So we will appoint two mullahs, one very little value; that to say one accepted the book to sit in the Palace and one in the telephone ex- and then not to read it nor follow its teachings change and they are to take turns reading a pas- was rather contradictory to the first statement. sage from the holy book and see what transpires." He came back with that trite argument that the Needless to say each mullah heard the passage Christians had "changed" the Injil so of course it read to him from the other end of the wire and all was not acceptable. After quite a long but friendwere satisfactorily convinced and every objection ly discussion, neither side making any headway, the King remarked as though saying the last word, vanished. "In the Day of Judgment you will find out the To see the King with his women folks makes truth."

one conclude that much of his diplomatic educa- "Indeed we will," we replied, "but in that day tion was acquired in just that connection. Cer- we are afraid that you will repent when repenttainly to keep several wives ana concubines as ance will do you no good."

A WOMAN'S TRIP TO CENTRAL ARABIA

Said he, "Oh have no fear. I shall not repent. However he is a good sport and seems to be I shall be having all good and blessings." well liked. He has quite a sense of humor and a.

We assured him that His EXS!ellency deserved gay, jovial manner. When he learned that Mrs.

all good and blessings and that was why we wished Van Peursem had two eligible daughters he asked to tell him about Christ; but he insisted that a her what his chances were. She replied that he Moslem was per se a believer in Christ though ad- would have to ask the daughters themselves and mitting that he did not follow His teachings. suggested that there might be some hope if he There was a good sequel to this discussion a agreed to certain stipulations, such as going to few days later when we happened to be in the America to see them himself, becoming a Chris- regular women's gathering. Every Friday all the tian, having only one wife now and ever, allowladies of the royal family meet together in the ing her perfect freedom in all things even to main part of the King's Palace for a sort of fam- travel, to drive her own car and to go without a ily reunion. Twice during the day the King comes veil, etc., etc. We thought that his main wife in for a little visit. This is one of the ways, evi- looked at us a bit askance when next we saw her dently, that he keeps in touch with his large circle but I guess she need have no fears. It is not every and no doubt is one of his best avenues for ob- American girl who has a proposal from a Crown taining information, for they tell him everything. Prince! On this day, after he had greeted the assembly Our greatest interest was in the women. We and settled himself on the cushions, he looked over found them very responsive and were met with at the foreign ladies in their Arab costumes and friendliness and cordiality on every hand, whether asked me, "Salaha, when you get back to your from members of the royal family, wives of recountry you will wear those clothes?" tainers, servants or slaves. We felt when we left I replied, "Yes, occasionally." that we were leaving real friends, for our intimate He said, "Oh of course. You will wear them to association had deepened our acquaintanceship to dances." . friendship even in the short space of three months. I responded that I was not in the habit of go- We often thanked our lucky stars that we had ing to dances and he exclaimed, "Why, all Ameri- had many years of experience in our basic stacans go to dances." tions in Arabia before this trip to the interior. I calmly answered that all of them did not go The proper requisite for such a trip is most asfor I did not go. suredly many years of contact and experience Then he said, "Certainly, that is right. You with Arabs and fluency in Arabic. It flattened two are mutedayyineen (religous) and the mute- all obstacles and smoothed our way tremendously. dayyineen do not go to dances. Then turning to The women later admitted that they had had grave the company he explained carefully that we were misgivings when they knew we were coming. They good people and religious and we were called did not know what to expect and evidently were mubeshereen (missionaries) and that we spent pleasantly surprised. I think our Arab dress, our lives in service for the sake of our religion. knowledge of Arabic and Arab ways combined It sounded so much nicer in Arabic than it does with the fortunate circumstances of our both havin English and it was a tribute we appreciated ing brown eyes and dark hair and of not being too very much. It also showed that the King knows thin (!) disarmed any preconceived prejudices where we stand and that we were not sailing they might have had. As soon as Mrs. Van Peurunder any false colors. sem began on her medical work the race was as "Meet the Crown Prince!" good as won.

The Crown Prince is very much like his father New Styles in Clothes in appearance and build and I believe in his man- ner and disposition also. The first day we met him, We found their style of clothes was different a couple of his sisters had connived at his coming from the Bahrain or Gulf styles. In Nejd the suddenly upon us (whether at his instigation or sleeves are worn long and tight with less orna- not I do not know) as the sisters and we sat to- mentation and embroidery. In Bahrain elbow- gether. However, we were quicker than he and length sleeves are increasingly popular for sum- drew our veils, which quite discomfited the young mer among all classes of Arab women but in Nejd man's expectations. He voiced his disappointment they were taboo and even our long sleeved dera's by saying that if he came to Bahrain he would were not long enough and we had to have new surely see us so why did we veil there? Then ones made. The thob, or overdress there is nearly naturally we were perverse about it and would not always black, not bright colors as in Bahrain, have unveiled for anything, saying that now that and is made of net or tulle or sometimes light- we were in the land of the Arabs we had to do weight silk. It is made exceedingly ample and what the Arabs did. very long with quite a train. The milia (veil) is

worn in a slightly different way too to show off Nejd and who knew very little Arabic, was talking the hair more. one day to the King's sister and tried to ask after I allowed myself to be hennaed, which seemed the daughter but .could not think of her name and to please the women immensely. That means hav- said, "Uh, uh," imitating the cough. The sister ing the soles of the feet, toenails and fingers (and got the meaning and laughed heartily and another usually the palms of the hands) dyed a reddish- day when she saw Nurse Grace said to her mis- orange color. The procedure is for the artists to chievously, " 'Uh uh' sends you her salaams."

daub the victim with the henna preparation, which The King's three wives are all charming women.

resembles a mass of chocolate-colored mud and One is the mother of thirteen children and has then for the daubed one to sit for several hours been married to the King twice. He married her until the color sets. In my case it was done before and then divorced her, whereupon one of his I went to bed and my feet were tied up in muslin brothers married her. Then the King decided he cloths but my hands were left free. However the wanted her back and the brother divorced her and sandflies were so fierce I could not keep my hands the King married her again. (It is a Moslem law still and finally took refuge under the sheet, much that if a man divorces a wife he cannot remarry to the detriment of the henna plaster, a good deal her until after she has been married and divorced of which was knocked off and so the result was not by someone else.) quite so successful as it might have been. Still, Then there are the K urgiat (Georgians) but the women were delighted and it seemed to bring really Armenians, favorites of the King or con- me closer to them; of course I had not the ad- cubines, to be exact. They oversee the King's food vantage of a medical reputation. Since my return and clothes and all the intimate details of his liv- to Bahrain I have noticed that that one incident ing; they have borne him sons and daughters; has been broadcast before me and all my Arab they have become Moslems; they have lost their friends ask me if it is true that I was hennaed in 'Christian heritage material and spiritual; they Nejd and they too seem so pleased about it. have given themselves heart and soul to the King's The King's Aunt and Wives well being and service but they remain concubines and never reach the status of wife. No matter I must tell you about the King's old aunt. Mrs. how much the King professes to love them or Van Peursem met her first on one of her early shows preference for them or showers upon them professional calls. Her hostess was a bit diffident gifts of houses, lands, jewels and gold there is al- about the meeting when the old lady was an- ways an essence of opprobrium about their posi- nounced and warned Mrs. Van Peursem that she tion and the higher they advance in the King's was probably getting into hot water. But Mrs. favor the more keenly they feel it. It cannot but Van Peursem scored very successfully and won remain a bitter dreg in their cup. One of them the old lady's approval at once. I met her later was an operative case and was ill at the time of at a Friday assembly and when I was introduced the visit of the American engineer so he politely she greeted me in a quite friendly manner but inquired of the King as to the health of the with a gleam in her eye said, "There is no God but "Queen." The King thought this a great joke and God." relayed it to his favorite with relish but I won- I smiled back but made no comment and she der if he realized that was a stab in her heart and gave me a measuring glance and repeated it chal- that she had many bitter moments over the fallacy lengingly. "There is no God but God." of her position. We resented very much the King's I nodded in assent and she said sternly, "Say it." suave declaration when he would voice to us the So I said it, "There is no God but God." high esteem in which Christians were held by She beamed and patted my hand as much as to them as he said, "We Moslems love the Christians; say, "Well, you are all right too." why, we accept them as wives; that is perfectly She was very friendly after that and we liked allowable."

her ever so much; she was a quaint old character. Allowable indeed! Poor captives, spoils of con- Another interesting character is one of the quest, saved for a time because of their fair skins King's sisters. He has a dozen sisters but this one and brighter minds; they have had everything is the most prominent. In fact I believe the King taken away from them and are as deep dyed in once remarked that if she had been his brother Islam as any born Moslem, yet in the King's rather than his sister he would never have been harem they can never be wives in the legal sense.

King. She is regal looking, stately and tall, a very If he becomes tired or displeased with them they decided person but also very human and has a are married to some retainer or other and not in- fine sense of humor. She has a grown-up daughter frequently to black slaves. Then if they should with a cough and Nurse Grace, who had been in be divorced they must rely on their "father" (the Bahrain only four months when we took her to King) to make another disposal of them. Our

A WOMAN'S TRIP TO CENTRAL ARABIA

thoughts often flew to far-away mothers and the by Mrs. Van Peursem, ably assisted by Nurse tears they must have shed; Rachel's weeping for Grace. The operations were perfomed in the coun- their little daughters who had been stolen away. try castle, "Bedia," some nine kilometers from The Slaves of Arabia Riadh. The first operation was the more difficult and entailed constant after care so we moved out In a hundred per cent Moslem country one to Bedia and lived there for two weeks, which gave should naturally expect to see slaves, since slavery us a real insight into the running of a Moslem is included in the tenets of that religion but to see home in general and of a royal household in par- it in the raw comes as a shock to one's sensibilities ticular. The peach orchard was at its prime and when one's contact has always been with manu- we enjoyed our occasional excursions to it.

mitted slaves or "has-beens." Medina had a hard When the second operation was performed and time for at every turn she was treated as a slave that patient was settled in our wing of the castle and asked openly whose "mameluke" she was. with her children, servants and slaves, we moved After many years of freedom and of being treated back to our town house and made daily visits, as an equal this aspect was rather galling to her often spending the whole day. One morning when spirit, so quickly does one forget past unpleasant- Mrs. Van Peursem walked into this patient's room ness. she encountered a little old Bedouiya. The two I do not mean to imply that the slaves are not stopped and stared at each other a moment in- well treated; they eat the same food as their credulously. "Why," exclaimed Mrs. Van Peur- masters, are well clothed and lack for nothing sem, "aren't you Urn Nura?" (mother of Nura).

physically and as far as one could judge were cer- "Yes," excitedly replied the little desert woman, tainly not overworked. In the Palace at least an "and you are no other than Khatoon Lateefa, Urn impartial observer would class them as a liability Lulu." (mother of Pearl).* rather than an asset; it took a half hour one day The American missionary nurse and the little by the clock for them to find a comb and out of Arab woman had met again, after a period of twenty slaves one might find one really good work- nineteen years. Urn Nura at that time had been er. Orders were carried out in the most desultory in the Bahrain hospital with her sick daughter manner. If one called a slave there might be six and now after these many years they met and or seven squatting in the hallway doing nothing recognized each other in Central Arabia. To me but if the one called happened not to be present it was one of the high lights of the trip and an in- not one of the others would take the trouble to see cident of great significance.

what was wanted or even call the one whose name In the future there will be many women and had been given. And yet what incentive had they children who will remember this visit, for Urn to be otherwise? Whether they worked or not Lulu became very popular. With her skill and they would be fed and clothed and what can be gentle manner combined with her patience and given as compensation for the loss of one's free- readiness to listen to all their complaints she soon dom? It is a pernicious system and the religion had as much work as could be crowded into a day.

that condones and fosters it remains a blot on the With the two special operative patients to look civilized world's escutcheon. after and a number of other special patients who Our sympathies went out to the Abyssinian received almost daily treatments in their own women slaves. These are our Christian sisters homes, there was no time for a regular clinic though dark of skin and of a different language, even if there had been a suitable place provided whom we met in Riadh, a country foreign to both and there was none such at the very inadequate of us and where we bridged the distance between building which passed for the Men's Hospital.

us in its tongue, Arabic. These girls had been But wherever she went, after the special patient stolen from loving parents and families, carried had been treated, as though at a given signal, a away from their homes and country and sold into dispensary would be suddenly in full swing as slavery in Arabia. Here they were owned soul friends, servants and slaves of the hostess would and body by their new masters and had forcibly to crowd in bringing their children with all sorts of give up their religion and yield up their virtue. troubles and illnesses. It was seldom that twenty The Moslems will have a great deal to answer for or twenty-five extra persons were not treated in the Day of Judgment. daily in this way.

Operating on the King's Household The Arabian Physicians The object of the trip to Nejd was the medical Riadh is not without medical help of its own. treatment of two ladies of the King's household. The Sahia or Hospital is open with a Moslem doc- Both of them were operated upon by Dr. Dame tor in charge. The Palace has an X-Ray outfit with and nursed with consummate skill and tenderness • I. e. Gertrude PeaI"l Van Peursem.

a qualified man at its head, and there are two self and lost no opportunities in trying to make other doctors, the Court Physician and the Court plain to us the beauties and advantages of Islam. Surgeon. These men are all Moslems trained in I soon learned that I was my own best argument. Syria or France but somehow they have not yet I would say, "Look at me. I have been married won the confidence of the general run of the wom- fifteen years and have had no children yet my en at least. When Urn Lulu's medicines began to husband loves me and has neither divorced me run out and she would prescribe and say, "but nor married another wife on my head. Do you you can get those medicines from the Sahia, they think I could have enjoyed such raha (quietude) always have them there," their response was in- in Islam if I had been a Moslem?" The argument variably, "No, you give me medicine; I want it was invincible; not a woman's heart could gainfrom you for in your medicine there is blessing." say it.

Four women slaves were also operated upon, at Our last day we were invited once more to the Sahia, and some time had to be given to their lunch with the King's favorite daughter. She had daily care. asked many of our friends and it was a pleasur- able gathering. At one point Urn Lulu and- the I basked in the sunshine of the others' glory for nurse were called away to do some last treatments was I not the wife of the famous and much be- on some eye cases. The rest of us chatted away loved Dame and the "sister" of the wise and kind and when someone sat down in a corner it re- Urn Lulu? I made one friend however on my own minded me of Rob Roy and how he liked to play account. During the dressing of her wound, which "Pussy in the corner," and I mentioned it. At once was rather painful, I was permitted to hold her someone said, "Oh! do show us how to play it," hand and she clung to me for sympathy believing and soon there was a merry scramble with laughthat since I "knew nothing" I at least would not ter and glee as King's wives and sisters raced stick her with a needle or other instrument. from corner to corner. The servants and slaves looked on delightedly and little black boys came Along with the daily treatments and these running to stare in at the windows and doors household dispensaries we had many invitations open-mouthed and wide-eyed at the wonderful fun. to meals in various houses. These affairs were The on-lookers enjoyed it as much as the players always friendly, cordial, pleasant gatherings and and the players seemed to be having the best time we enjoyed them very much as they gave oppor- of their lives and kept it up till they were literally tunity for deepening our acquaintance with the too tired to go on and had to drop down on the women in our social interchange of talk, ideas and floor out of breath. But their eyes were sparkling opmlOns. One thing that impressed them very and their cheeks were bright and their "chests much was the simple statement that as we were were widened" by a good game for once in their Americans our friends and relatives on that side lives anyhow. of the world were asleep while we were chatting with our friends in Arabia. I heard it repeated The next day we left Riadh. It was a bit hard several times as those who had heard it would in- to say goodbye to all the new friends; they seemed form newcomers as to its strangeness. so sincere in their reluctance to have us depart and their adieus were filled with invitations and There were a lot of things about us that seemed hopes that some day we would come again. We very odd to them. That Urn Lulu could come to said farewell, Ii iman Allah (in the safe keeping Riadh and leave Abu (father of) Lulu alone in of God) and started on the long journey home. Bahrain. Did she not fear that he would marry another wife while she was gone? And how could Once more we spent three nights on the desert she leave her two daughters so far away in Amer- and both days and nights were much colder than ica-did she not love them? They could not un- on the ingoing trip. We halted at Ain Nejm, a derstand a love so deep that it would endure even hot spring on the outskirts of EI Hofhuf where separation for the sake of the loved. They were we enj oyed a good hot bath and got into clean surprised and somewhat amused by the doctor's clothes before entering the city. We spent a day taking his wife with him to the peach orchard and there calling on friends and then came on to OJ eir by his riding in the same motor car but they were where we emb_arked in a launch for Bahrain and shocked to hear that we ate our meals together as home. a regular practice. Abu Lulu's ears must have itched very often for they asked many questions So endeth the chronicle of the first tour of womabout him and suggested that next time he had en missionaries to Central Arabia. In my diary better come along, Inshallah (God willing). of October 25 I note, "So good to be home," and yet how glad we are that we had the opportunity DiscusSiions on Religion of going.

Of course there were discussions on religion. The women are just as religious as the King him- Effective Ways of Working 'Tested Methods for Increasing Interest at Home I EDITED BY MRS. ESTELLA S. AITCHISON, GRANVILLE, OHIO ~'=i===========i~ A THANKSGIVING One hundred and forty-five families frames and dental bridges to pledged nothing. vanity boxes and fraternity pins SYMPOSIUM -gifts from 3,600 churches sent -Christian Herald. to the Atlanta headquarters Query,' Is filling the stomach under the direction of three capto distention from an overloaded What wonder that troubled able leaders. Then came the table of rich food an adequate leaders say, "Stewardship is a sorting – two months of hard expression of personal or na- lost note in Christian living?" work among spoons of every tional gratitude to Almighty God But thank God, there is another size, watches and chains by the on Thanksgiving Day in this side to Christian stewardship box-full, false teeth in great Year of our Lord 1934? What and thanksgiving. piles, pencils and pens, not for- do ye more than the heathen in getting a pathetic heap of worn their harvest feasts? A Missionary Treasure Hunt gold bands that were the sym- bols of many a plighted troth. If Christ came to earth on Thanks- The Southern Presbyterian One of the most noteworthy old giving Day, Church needed money-a chronic coins was a silver fifty-cent piece situation among all kinds of in- bearing the date 1861 and the And passed up and down on the great stitutions nowadays. But in words cut by hand with a pen highway, their extremity, they did not knife, "My last Confederate pay, turn to fairs, church suppers and May, 1865." This rare coin was And should visit our churches with commercial schemes, but rather sent to the Headquarters by the tapering spires to sacrificial giving. A call was son of a Confederate hero on the issued to those stalwart Calvin- anniversary of Lee's surrender And divine the thoughts of our nu- ists to turn in for emergency re- at Appomatox. Think of the merous choirs; lief work all unused treasures of gold and silver. "This appeal," sacrifice and the sentiment be- If Christ should come to the earth we are told, "grew out of a de- hind that gift! The treasure of that way, pleted mission fund and dire straits of mission workers in the greatest monetary value came in Saying, "How do you do?" What field," and in response "mem- then would you say? bers of Presbyterian churches in anonymously – five large, unset sixteen Southern States have "How do you do?" with your silver gone to the depths of chests and diamonds of exquisite beauty. and gold; jewel cases and brought forth The pathos behind these gifts treasures, the estimated cash Your copper and bank notes, your value of which will give the re- would make us weep were it not coins new and old? lief fund a $20,000 boost." -Adapted. for our vision of their Divine We all know the tradition of One church in Montclair, New Captain Kidd and his buried transmutation into relief for des- Jersey, made a survey of the lib- riches, but a treasure hunt erality of their members toward staged by church folk in the perately needy missionaries and the Lord. They found among name of missions is either very orphans, on the human side, and .other things that: modern – or very ancient; for we recall: "treasures that moth and rust Forty families pledge per year to the church less than the cost of one And the Lord spake unto Moses, cannot corrupt," on the divine. automobile tire. saying, Speak unto the children of Uncle Sam also has his innings. Israel, that they bring me an offering; One hundred and nineteen families of every man that gives it willingly "It is estimated that a billion pledge less than the cost of two tires. with his heart ye shall take my offer- ing. And this is the offering which dollars worth of American gold Five families pledge per week just ye shall take of them: gold and silver the cost of two packages of "Life and brass …… onyx stones to be set has been removed from trade Savers." in the ephod. channels in the past 50 years in Seven families are content to con- And so the gifts poured in, all jewelry and other forms. From tribute per week the cost of one soda. the way from watches, spectacle the melting pot, the golden fruit Twenty-eight families reckon that [527 ] the church is worth to them, per week, of the Presbyterian Treasure the cost of one admission to a movie Hunt will flow back into the na- balcony seat. tion's trade stream, putting new Forty-six families make a weekly church gift of the cost of half a life blood into national finance pound of candy (not too good candy). while providing stimulus to re- Twenty-two more families are ligion as interpreted by the en- pleased to pledge to the Lord per week a sum equal toa day's smoke to an average man.

Forty-nine families are content with a weekly pledge of the amount of one luncheon (at a moderate priced res- taurant). terprising and faithful followers A Thank-Offering Object "What are the fruits of the Spirit?" Lesson (Pass,ages on love, joy, peace, paof Calvin." At the Lakeside (Ohio) sum- tience, kindness, etc.) Suitable di- All this and much more was mer conference of Methodist told in The Christian Observer Home Missionary women, some visions of the story of the mission as a reprint from the special one told of using in the thank- field or fields to be considered are then write-up of the event in The At- offering program in November a designated to correspond with ordilanta Journal. Real sacrificial richly decorated table at the giving has not disappeared from back of which was a row of har- nary courses at a banquet, not forthe Church. vest objects – nine large pota- getting the salad, the dessert ("some toes, nine apples, nine tall Ohio's Love Gift candles, nine dollars, etc. On blessed results"), "nuts to crack" the next parallel row, in corre- (problems of the mission field) and Under this title The World sponding positions, stood one po- Call tells of the noble efforts of tato, one apple, one candle, one "bon bons" ("sweets along the way," Ohio women to measure up to dollar, etc., a card saying, "This such as "There's a new joy just around the stature of their pioneer leaders in making their Sixtieth An- is what we should do." On the the corner in mission work. One of niversary Love Gift. All over third and front row, in corre- these blessings comes in seeing the the state, local societies held sponding positions, lay one grain "Sacrificial Luncheons" at which results in Christian lives"). These no food was served except "food of wheat, one small birthday last should be wrapped in tin foil and for thought," the love gifts be- candle, five cents, etc., the plaing brought in with "prayer and card saying, "This is what we passed around to be read. The spirfasting." At the Ohio State itual feast closes with singing softly, Convention of the Disciples, on really do." Could anything be May twenty-second, the women more rebuking than this silent "I'll Go Where You Want Me to Go." held the service which rounded accusation of non-tithers and Then light refreshments, such as up the long effort. non-givers? bananas, nut sandwiches, etc., are On the stage at one end of the room was a table set for unseen guests. served. Loving friends had purchased luncheon tickets for missionary women of "I Am Thine" earlier days and the names of many leaders were on the place cards ….. . A Harvest Feast Another excellent Thank-of- Mrs. Anna R. Atwater spoke on the fering program from the same theme, "A Flame of the Lord's Kin- This effective program for dling" in which she paid tribute to publication and, like the foregothe worthy leaders of the past, light- ing, planned by Mrs. Albert ing a candle to their memory. Thomas, aims to fix in girls' minds the glory and privilege of A past president read the names of being a steward, the honor of the unseen guests …… and mentioned being entrusted with God's mesthat the receipts from this luncheon sage of grace to the world. An and some other special gifts were to abbreviated version follows: be given as a memorial to Miss Mary Lyon. Miss Lela Taylor …… spoke 'teen age girls is abbreviated Poster suggestion – girl searching on the theme, "Keepers of the Light." from World Comrades, a mis- She paid tribute to the achievements far horizon with telescope, the print of the present, and as she lighted her candle from that of the past, she sionary publication of the Wom- below saying, "Looking for Unseen brought a challenge to the women of the day to carryon worthily. en's Auxiliary of the Southern Gifts," with time, date and place of Miss Bertha Park, the efficient state Baptist Convention. meeting. In the demonstration use secretary of missionary organizations in Ohio, spoke on the theme, "Pass- objects to represent the gifts which ing on the Torch." After lighting her own candle from that symbolizing Send out invitations on autumn we wish to consecrate to the Lord-an the Present, she introduced the presidents of the younger missionary or- leaves cut from colored paper. Hold armful of books suggesting the use of ganizations of the entertaining church as representative of all the local the meeting in a place where a long the mind; a small clock turning the churches and lighted their candles. The state president then dedicated all table may be used to seat the girls thoughts to the gift of time; a violin the women of the state to the task of keeping aglow this "Flame of the around it. Set the table as for a real carrying the idea of talent; a purse Lord's Kindling." banquet with centerpiece of fruits, speaking of money, and a Bible show- Each local society present had a representative in the long line that especially those common in the mis- ing forth the unseen gifts of grace came forward to put their Love Gifts sion fields to be considered. Write and salvation. Costumes may be in the Treasure Chest placed in front of the table for the unseen guests. menu inside an autumn leaf folder worked out to represent all of these. Gifts have been received totaling over $2,800. and carry out the whole program as Have stationery ready for the if it were a banquet being served. Thanksgiving letter. Prepare baskets The program leader will be hostess for use in devotional by writing out and toastmistress. Those rendering Scripture references on separate slips the parts will be the speakers and of paper and wrapping in various seated appropriately in places of shapes.

honor. For the devotional put slips After the singing of several Thanks- of paper in each fruit cup. giving selections, distribute paper and As the girls arrive, gather around ask each person to write a letter of the piano for fellowship songs, then gratitude to the person who has let the counselor explain why the pro- brought the greatest blessing into her gram is planned as a feast, referring life during 1934-these to be real let- to the fact that almost all nations ters, mailed to those for whom they have their harvest feasts, the harvest are intended. This will surely extend time almost always developing some the Thanksgiving horizon.

ceremony of observance. After years Counselor then leads in an open of seed sowing in (the coun- discussion of things for which the try or countries to be considered) the participants are particularly thankful, program study of the harvest of souls- leading up to the spiritual blessings.

has been arranged as a feast. Weare and closing with "Count Your Bless- ings." . all invited to go into the dining room for our meeting. After singing The basket with "some unseen gifts"

"Break Thou the Bread of Life" as is next passed around, and each girl grace, John 15: 1-8 was read as a takes and unwraps a package. These basis for the theme of fruit-bearing prove to contain suitable Scripture as a distinguishing mark of His dis- passages to be read aloud after lead- ciples. The slips from the fruit cups er's presentation of "the unspeakable furnished an answer to the question, Gift." There is no better way to thank

EFFECTIVE WAYS OF WORKING

God for spiritual blessings than to and introductions to the study were allowed for each group to recognize His complete ownership of themes. Dr. Helen Magley, of make up a song and a yell using all that we have and are. Let us pray Norwood, Cincinnati, Ohio, who the name of its flower. The lotus that we may truly know that we are was recreation leader at the came out first on the yell and the God's. Soft music, "I Am Thine, 0 Lakeside summer camp of a chrysanthemum on the song. Lord," follows. group of Queen Esther girls (Methodist), sends us the fol- Presently it was announced Demonstration: After preliminary lowing account of the opening that a chairman and her secrestatement as to stewardship, the function which lured the mem- tary should retire to another leader asks the question in 1 Chron. bers on toward a study of Japan: room and meet one of the coun- 29: 5. The answer to this is given by selors, while the company sang six girls who enter from another room At noon on the opening day songs. When this secretary reor behind screen, each bringing one of our missionary camp, we had entered the room (as an attendof the objects representing her phase set small baskets made of wall ant, this time), she carried a pilof stewardship, and giving a brief paper at the places of the hun- low on which rested a crown of talk upon it. (1) The mind. 1 Cor. dred and four girls and coun- flowers with which her chair- 6: 19, 20. (2) Time. (3) Talent. selors registered. A note on the man was crowned group queen (4) Money. (5) The Bible. (6) inside of each basket revealed by the camp mother, to the ac- Fellowship with Christ in proclaiming this secret: companiment of soft music, the the Gospel. Weare entrusted with subjects standing until the i r the Good News for all the world. Are There's to be a flower festival queen rejoined them at the table. you a steward of the Gospel? At Camp Wesleyan tonight, This ceremony was repeated un- til each group had its monarch. A Leaderless Thanksgiving' So come join in the merriment After a half hour's rest period, Meeting To start our week off right. the girls were summoned for vespers. One of the nationals This was arranged for variety That evening, as the girls en- led, telling of incidents leading and freshness. The chairman tered the dining room, each one to her conversion. The only ilprepared assignments and dis- was given a flower made on a lumination was candle-light and tributed them before the meet- tooth pick, which divided the the songs were such as "Follow ing; well in advance of the day. group into five smaller groups. the Gleam," "Let the Beauty of Slips may be cut in the shape of The flowers were ch~rry blos- .Jesus Be Seen in Me" and "Into a turkey if desired. Then with- soms, morning glories, lotus, My Heart." The effect was loveout any announcements, the pro- wistaria and chrysanthemums. ly and quieting. gram runs itself, items appear- These groups lasted through the ing in the numerical order of the week and worked together to Methods for Increasing slips, as follows: win honors for their teams either Interest in song, stunt or athletic activi- 1. Open the meeting by announcing ties and also aided in setting the The Friends' Missionary Ad- the first hymn, "0 for a Thou- tables on their particular days. vocate gives worthful sugges- sand Tongues to Sing." tions for accentuating interest During the evening meal pop- among their membership of all 2. Lead in prayer. ular and pep songs were sung. ages. Among the points are 3. Read the first Scripture lesson, Each group chose a girl to act as mentioned: chairman and another for secre- Psalm 111. tary. Then the fun began. Each Having a missionary commit- 4. Read the second Scripture lesson, secretary was handed pencil and tee write to the different fields paper and the circles were given and get personal replies to be Psalm 138. five minutes to think of the va- read in Sunday school or mis- 5. Announce hymn, "Praise Him, rious kinds of flowers, their sec- sionary society. retaries listing all flowers named. Praise Him." The circle with the largest list Conducting imaginary trips to 6. Announce that we will now look won, receiving a score of twenty- the foreign field, with visual five points; the second fifteen; aids to understanding. at some causes for thanksgiv- the third ten; the fourth five; ing. Mrs. A– will discuss the the fifth one. Scores for each Having individuals make suit- first – "Our Ever – Enlarging group were totaled for the eve- able mottoes of quotations to be Field." ning to decide which was the exhibited in the Sunday school. 7. Announce that Mrs. B– will winning group. bring to us another cause–"A Assigning incidents describ- Proper Evaluation of the Mis- Again each secretary was ing actual missionary experi- sionary." armed with pencil and paper ences, to be memorized and re- 8. Announce that Mrs. C– will tell and this time the group was to peated by various children. us how the infant churches of mingle with the others and find the mission fields are learning out names, birthdays and birth Asking volunteers to learn the to walk alone. flowers of the girls and report names of missionaries and their 9. Lead the group in sentence data to be listed, the group hav- fields, a Missionary Album con- prayers, asking that Mrs. D– ing the longest list in a given taining pictures and brief bio- make the closing prayer. time being the winner. graphical sketches being avail- 10. Announce that Mrs. E– will able. sing the closing solo. Next, ten to fifteen minutes MRS. C. E. TIMBERLAKE. Shadyside, Ohio.

A Flower Festival As Mission- ary Recreation Recreational periods, which are a necessity in young people's missionary organizations, may be made not only charming in themselves but worthful as links The Council of Women for Home Missions ANNE SEESHOLTZ, EXECUTIVE SECRETARY, 105 EAST TWENTY-SECOND STREET, NEW YORK ~=.~~==~~~~~~~~ A CALL TO PRAYER The World Day of Prayer of- In Buenos Aires, "The World Goes to All People fering will be used for Christian Day of Prayer was observed by "Ye shall seek me, and find me, when ye shall search for me literature for women and chil- a group of English-speaking with all your heart." dren in Mission Lands, Christian women last Friday, February You are invited to unite in a world-wide fellowship of service among migrant labor- 16, at 5 p. m. in St. John's Pro- worship and prayer on the ing families, Women's Union Cathedral, (Anglican), wit h WORLD DAY OF PRAYER the first Friday in Lent Christian Colleges, Religious Mrs. Commissioner Carpenter of MARCH 8, 1935 Education in United States In- the Salvation Army presiding. "God is a spirit and they that Some sixty or seventy were pres- worship Him must wor- dian Schools. ship Him in spirit The Program, "Bear Ye One An- ent. The following churches and in truth." other's Burdens," is 2 cents, $2.00 per and groups were present: An- 100; Young People's Program, 2 glican, Baptist, Church of "BEAR YE ONE ANOTHER'S cents, $2.00 per 100; Children's Pro- BURDENS" Christ, Scientist, Disciples of gram, 1 cent, 75 cents per 100. This Christ, Lutheran, Presbyterian, LET US PRAY FOR: Call is free. The poster (llx16% The missionary enterprise and inches), like cut on front, is 5 cents. Salvation Army, Tee H, and the for all who share therein. A quickened conscience to- Supplies should be ordered from head- Y. W. C. A. To Mrs. Carpen- ward the world's burden quarters of· the denominational mis- bearers. sion boards. ter's reverent and impressive Courage to stand for the right leading was due much of the and willingness to accept the sacrifices involved for WORLD DAY OF PRAYER spirit of prayer that prevailed." us all in the building of a In a mission school in Egypt better world. Justice and understanding be- March 8, 1935 prayers were said as usual. tween individuals, classes, races and nations. The record of the World Day "After prayers I was surprised of Prayer of 1934 cannot but stimulate the imagination of to see all the girls rise from Christians the world over. Two their chairs and go to their bed- hundred and fifty thousand pro- grams for use on that day were rooms; then I learned that, with sold in the United States and the adapted program was used in the exception of the five-year- Africa (North, South and Cen- tral) , Argentina, Australia, Aus- olds, every child in the boarding tria, Brazil, British Guiana, Bulgaria, Burma, Chile, China, department was planning to fast Colombia, Cuba, Denmark, Do- minican Republic, Egypt, Eng- on this, the Christians' 'Day of land, Fiji Islands, Finland, France, Guatemala,' Germany, Prayer.' The whole school Greece, H 0 11 and, Honduras, joined in a special service at 10 Hungary, .India, Ireland, Italy, Japan, Korea, Mexico, New a. m. Each class had its special Zealand, Nicaragua, Norway, Paraguay, Persia, Philippine burden of prayer. China with Islands, Poland, Puerto Rico, its floods; India with its earth- Salvador, Scotland, S wed en, Switzerland, Turkey, Uruguay, quake; Austria, France and Venezuela, and the West Indies; from sunrise to sunset the world Japan with their difficulties round. Under tropic trees and in frozen zones groups of women were all remembered. The eight-year-olds prayed for Amer- ica. I was ashamed when I heard them plead that God would take away the wine and strong drink from our beloved America.

The five-year-olds prayed for Egypt and our own school, its teachers and children." .

From the home field word comes from an American Indian Institute in Kansas that "our meeting was one filled with sin- met together to praise God and cere devotion and supplication to beseech his mercy upon this and it was inspiring to hear our boys, one by one, pray for peace sin-sick world.

[530 ]

BULLETIN OF THE COUNCIL OF WOMEN FOR HOME MISSIONS

and the progress of Christianity tian basis of world peace; one so through the years the harvests at home and abroad." A moun- to study the problem of peace have ever been with the Thanks- tain school in North Carolina policies; and the third to study giving season. But today there sends in the following descrip- the program for peace education. is a story back of these harvests tion of their program: "The The Council of Women for Home that would stir to action the peo- service was in charge of the Missions is cooperating in this ple of our land if they but knew.

Junior Class which had worked Crusade and has membership on The harvesting of the crops out the Program as their project. these commissions. has become so enormous a task In the choir vestments they *** to supply the markets for 125,- marched, carrying white can- 000,000 people, and so complidles, in processional form sing- A challenge to be peace-acting cated a system, that 2,000,000 as well as peace-minded has ap- individuals, including 200,000 ing the 'Light of the World.' peared in these pages before. children, are today roaming our "The section on Peace, with The Council is working harder country-to answer the demand than ever to furnish facts about for seasonal workers-homeless, the prayers by girls from the war and peace, reference ma- uneducated, weakened in body terial, suggestions for programs, and spirit-that the crops may class studying modern history, be harvested. included the countries which information about the Marathon they have thus far studied. The Round Tables, peace stamps at It was said at the White closing part of the service, the one cent each; a worship serv- House Conference on Child lighting of seven candles repre- Health Protection that every senting Peace in School, in ice, "On What Peace Depends," underprivileged child is a poten- Home, in Heart, was followed by at two cents each; a pageant- tial first offender – 200,000 po- 'Send Out Thy Light,' after tential first offenders or 200,000 which two small girls lighted drama, "The Triumph of Good- potential goOd citizens? The will," in five short episodes, at churches of many denominations our individual candles, and the 35 cents a copy; and News have united in a program of educhoir marched out singing, 'Now cation, coperation and service- Letters from the International that these children may have the Day Is Over.''' Relations Committee and Legis- their chance. An interesting report from lative Committee. This mate- NOTE.-The picture in the October Puerto Rico includes the follow- rial is for your use; write to the Bulletin is not that of the Kawaiahao ing: "For days beforehand we church building as noted in the title. wondered if after all we should Council for it. By some mistake the printer inserted be able to have the program at the wrong plate. the appointed date as there was *** a boycott against the Electric Light Co., and there were no As on that first Thanksgiving lights in the church. There was Day when the Pilgrim Fathers offered prayers of thanksgiving for the bounty of the harvests, a rumor to the effect that there .—-:::::="""";""—:::::::;'—-=:——::=====~~~~ would not be lights even in the streets that night, in which case we knew that the people would not venture out.

Christians of the United States are called to unite in prayer on the first Friday in Lent with Christians round the world. It is a Day of Prayer for others, and for all mission- ary enterprises at home and abroad. Cannot each Christian church be opened both for for- mal gatherings of prayer, and for the opportunity for individ- uals to seek that quiet place for prayer?

PEACE CRUSADE OF THE .-…..,…——————–====~­ "God is Great, God is Good, CHURCHES And we thank Him for this food."

The Department of Interna- (A t one of the children's centers in a Migrant Camp.) tional Justice and Goodwill, of the Federal Council of Churches of Christ in America, has authorized a Peace Crusade of the Churches, and in preparation for it has appointed three commissions – one to study the Chris-

~'I~~==========='~

L. .~~=O~u=A=r=M~==iO'-=:;=ryr=.~=~=w:=:=P=!d=Of=eC=U=?=en=t~=~=~=?=o=k=~=—-~ LATIN AMERICA been going on there in the last come for employment. Three Anniversary in Puerto Rico two years and a half: evangelical churches are estab- lished in this center – the Mo- "I am pastor of the two union ravian, which ministers mostly to English-speaking Negroes, The Holy Trinity Church, American congregations, and in the Evangelical, which ministers Ponce, the first Anglican church charge of all mission work to Dominicans in the Spanish language, and the Baptist, which ever erected in Puerto Rico, has among the Cubans of the island. ministers to the Haitians in the French language. -Missions. recently celebrated its sixtieth My pastorate began two and a anniversary. In 1869, when the half years ago. Until that time first Spanish Republic decreed no Cuban had been received into religious liberty for its icnolPoonniecs~ our church, and not much misa group of Englishmen sion work had been done among organized a parish and Queen them. Today, a chain of Meth- Refuge for German Jews Victoria gave the materials for odist churches extends from one Guatemala has offered to set- the church building. It was side to the other roefguthlaerliyslaprnod~ tle some thousands of German and the Gospel is shipped in sections from Liver- Jews, and has made available claimed in all points of imporpool and was consecrated in 5,000 acres of free land in the tance. There are seven Cuban 1874. When the Spanish Re- Province of Galapa for the first and two American congregapublic fell, the church was or- families to arrive. The immi- tions. Fifty members by profesdered closed, but the Queen and grant families must farm the sion of faith and two by certifithe Consul managed to have it land, must not engage in such cate have been received during kept open, though the bells were nonproductive activities as trad- the past year. We have four not permitted to be rung, until ing and peddling, and each must Sun~ay schools, a young people's the American occupation in have a minimum capital of sectIOn, a woman's missionary 1898. A Puerto Rican, Rev. $1,000. President Ubico, of society, and, in Neva Gerona Esteban Reus-Garcia, is priest Guatemala, expressed himself as Bible and general training in charge. Communicants of emphatically opposed to Nazi classes during the week for all the church's mission in Puerto activities in his country, and children and young people. Two Rico have been increasing at an welcomed Jewish colonization. Sunday school training schools average rate of five per cent a Japan also has intimated that were conducted during the year year. she would welcome the settle- and thirty-two credits awarded. ment of 50,000 Jewish refugees Better News from Cuba – World Outlook. from Germany in Manchukuo.

The principal of the Kate The Gospel in Hispaniola It is pointed out that the soil is PCluubma,erseBnrdysanenSccohouoral giinngGunineews~ The evangelization of the Do- ve r y rich and at present is minican Republic is in the hands of two missions, the Free Meth- worked only by primitive meth- odists in the north, and the of the situation there: "Recent Board for Christian Work in ods. -Alliance Weekly. Santo Domingo in the south. activities of the radicals among This latter organization repre- Which Way South America? sents three home mission boards Havana students have awakened – Presbyterian, Methodist and United Brethren – which have the more intelligent and depend- pooled their resources for this Dr. Samuel Guy Inman, who republic, and have established able students to an understand- churches that are known simply made his first visit to South as evangelical. ing of the real situation. By an America in 1914 and has re- .on t~e extreme eastern tip of overwhelming majority the rad- Hlspamola are the immense turned every two or three years sugar estates of an American ical viewpoint has been defeated corporation, to which hundreds, since, is deeply impressed with perhaps thousands, of laborers in an assembly of sotuvdeernt4~.0"00 from all parts of the island have the optimism of the people Havana University [ 532] there, as compared with the pes- On the Isle of Pines simistic attitude in the U. S. and Europe. ' The Isle of Pines in the Caribbean Sea has a population of The Seventh Pan-American Confer- 7,000. Writing to the preachers ence at Montevideo was a tremendous of the Pacific Conference, Rev. success. For the first time the North Carl D. Stewart tells the story ~meri~an del,egation ,worked side by of a remarkable work that has SIde wIt!'t Latm AmerIcan delegations, each WIth mutual respect and real friendship. This was largely due to the simple and sincere efforts of Secre-

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

tary of State Hull. In four respects value of the contents. Though the Christians of that country, at least he greatly pleased the Con- the United States Post Office has who are overwhelmingly Luference-in declaring that the United special facilities arranged for theran, are carrying on in five States Government would not act as the sending of money without mission fields-Africa (Zulua debt collecting' agency for the bankers; that this country was ready risk of loss in the actual trans- land), Rhodesia, South India, to discuss with Latin America a re- fer of checks, money orders or and China. duction of tariffs; that we would drafts, so that the gift reaches In these five fields, the Swedenter into inter-American peace ar- the one intended, it has not ish societies have a baptized ragements on equality with all Ameri- been able to devise any method membership of 32,980 and 2,074 can nations, with no special demands whereby it can send articles to candidates for baptism. There because of the Monroe Doctrine; and these two countries. that we promised not to intervene in are 120 white missionaries and the affairs of any Latin American nation. In each of these countries are EUROPE 729 native workers. The Church political movements along fascist lines; but it would be a mistake to Missionary Society had an injudge the direction that South America is moving by the present domi- The Bible Supreme come of 1,063,018 crowns, somenance of reactionary governments. what less than the preceding As a matter of fact they appear to be the dying gasps of an old order, for "Suppose you were sent to year. the university students and labor groups, two most influential classes, prison for three years and could Revival in Norway teachers in primary and secondary schools, tenant farmers and certain only take three books with you, Indian groups are committed to a new socialized movement. Strange to say, which three would you choose? Last spring a spiritual awakthis social program is best organized Please state them in order of ening began in the city of Berin a country that recently had appar- their importance." This ques- gen, in Norway, with a populaently one of the most permanent dic- tion was sent by the editor of an tatorships-Peru. The Apra Party, influential London newspaper to tion of one hundred thousand. with a radical social program, is the Rev. H. B. Roller, an evangelist strongest political organization in one hundred prominent men- from Berkeley, Cal., was called South America today. peers, members of Parliament, to assist in the campaign. Meet- professors, authors, merchants ings began in the Central Meth- Model Hospital, Santiago -a comprehensive selection. odist church, which was filled to Health authorities of Chile Few of them were keen about capacity. There were converhave repeatedly stated that the religion; many were not even sions, consecrations, and deci- Presbyterian Maternity Hospi- churchgoers; others were ag- sions for Christ in large numtal at Santiago is the type they bers. When people were turned wish to reproduce in their plans nostics or atheists. Yet 98 of for extended service to mothers them placed the Bible first on away for lack of room, the Luand their babies. Expectant their list. theran State Church offered its mothers are given weekly attention, and pre-natal and post- German Missions larger auditorium and later the natal clinics are conducted with large Cathedral 0:( Bergen was maximum results. Some 300 The Evangelisches Missions- used. The Christian spirit manbabies are born each year in the magzin, in its latest number, ifested was a proof that the establishment. The cost of contains an interesting comparimaintenance required from the son between the Protestant and State Church and the Free Presbyterian Board is only the Catholic missions carried on by churches could harmonize in a salary of the nurse in charge. German groups and societies. perfect way so far as the funda- According to the article, there mentals of salvation are con- Do Not Send Packages are 1,571 Protestant mission- cerned. The total n u m b e r aries and 3,673 Catholic Ger- The Inland South America man missionaries. This means helped, as nearly as could be es- Missionary Un ion announces that the Catholics send out 4% timated, was about 1,200. that it is unwise to send articles by mail, express or freight to -Moody Monthly. missionaries working in Brazil or Bolivia. In a majority of times as many workers, al- World W. C. T. U. at cases the package is never re- though they are numerically· Stockholm ceived intact, and when delivered the missionary finds it only one-half as strong as the has been opened and part of the Protestants. The Cat hoI i c Delegates from thirty councontents removed. In other cases the package does not reach forces include 999 ordained men tries attended the six-day sesthe missionary at all. Or, if the over against the 515 Protestant sion of the World's W. C. T. U. package arrives, the duty ex- ordained workers. On the other in Stockholm last July. Dr. Ella acted i$ often greater than the hand, the Protestants have 61 A. Boole, reelected as world mission fields, while the Cath- president, in her initial address olics have only 50. Protestant referred to the organization as missionaries have a much great- a "little League of Nations," de- er number of baptized members claring that the very fact that a to their credit, and the Catholics convention is being held where- in thirty nations are participat- have more inquirers. ing, of itself contributes to Swedish Missions world peace. Young people in The new yearbook of the thirty countries are organized Swedish societies shows that as members of the Loyal Tem-

perance Legion, Ii n d nearly theology and eleven evangelists News from Mboga 3,000 young people have cemented friendship through cor- are being trained in Erlangen . Those interested in Canon respondence. and Neuendettelsau. Four con- Apolo's work .will be glad to gregations have already erected Dr. Izora Scott, World Super- chapels, and four others have have this news from Rev. A. B. intendent for Peace, mentioned made preparations for such Lloyd: the leadership of the W. C. T. U. in assembling and presentation buildings. I need hardly try to express to you at Geneva of a petition for in- my deep feelings of gratitude to God ternational disarmament, which AFRICA car r i e d 8,003,764 signatures for the great honor He has conferred from fifty-six countries, Great Britain leading with 2,146,062 upon me in allowing me to take up names, and the United States The World's Smallest Church Apolo's work. I find everything in second with 1,135,433 names. order, and apart from a slight falling L. A. McMurray writes from off in church attendance, things are -Christian Advocate. the Belgian Congo: "Two of us going on quite normally. Austrian Revival were making a hurried bicycle There are over 300 people ready for baptism, and every prospect of that The Au s t ria n Evangelical trip through a village seven Church has become the center miles from Mutoto when we number being doubled in a little while. of a church extension movement The great need seems to be the raison a scale such as has never oc- were stopped by some native ing of the standard of Christian curred in Austria, and is almost knowledge. The leaders (over sixty unique in the history of Protes- boys about twelve years old. The of them) are deplorably ignorant, altantism. Masses of new mem- spokesman, Bukasa by name, bers are being received and it is said with a smile, 'Why don't though the spiritual tone is high. I conservatively estimated t hat the increase in membership this am here alone with one young man, year will be at least 10 per cent. you come and teach us in our who for at least six months will have Without any propaganda on the to spend most of his time at language part of the Church, multitudes village? We have a shed.' We study, and be quite unable to do much are coming to it, driven by a in the way of leading. Even at the deep spiritual hunger for the looked for the shed, found a end of that time, being a layman, he true faith. Many of these new flimsy structure of light sticks adherents are Catholics who had left the Roman Church years covering not more than six will not be able to take the responsiago. Under the stress of the bility of pastoral work. It is therepresent hour they are seeking square feet. A grown person fore of paramount importance that asylum in the evangelical mes- could just stand up in the mid- another man should be sent without sage of the Word of God. dle of it. 'Who built this shed?' delay to take over from me when I -Presbyterian Banner. we asked. 'We did,' was the leave. He should be an ordained man who can shepherd this flock, and be Gospel Among Ukrainians proud reply of the boys. able to administer the sacraments of "We gave the boys some little the Church. It is almost ten years since there has been a reformation hymn books, and found they al- (An ordained recruit has now among the Ukrainians who con- been sent.) stitute the majority population ready had a catechism and were on the eastern border of Poland. teaching the people in the vil- -C. M. S. Gleaner. They are now struggling toward lage every day. We promised to a national church. In the course of these ten years twenty evan- come back. I shall not soon for- Dan Crawford Hospital gelical congregations of the Lu- get my first trip to this little viltheran confession have been established in the villages and lage to preach. Bukasa was Dr. Tilsley, who has been in towns near Stanislau, where formerly the preaching of the Gos- there, books in hand, his best charge of the Dan Crawford pel was entirely unknown. There are at present eight Ukrainian smile on. He picked up two Memorial Hospital at Luanza, preachers, of whom three are fully trained pastors and five sticks and began to beat on a Elizabethville, Congo BeIge, has are lay evangelists engaged in the work of preaching the Gos- small log. The noise thus pro- been obliged to leave Africa and pel. Four additional students of duced began to bring people in return to England. The Belgian -old men, old women, young Government does not permit men, young women and little anyone to practise even the most children. In five minutes there simple forms of medical treat- was a congregation of thirty, ment without a recognized qual- who of course completely filled ification; this law has not al- and overflowed the shed. Bu- ways been strictly enforced, but kasa led in a hymn, which he regulations are being tightened had learned at Kankalenge, our up. After Dr. Tilsley's depar- local school. He walks in to this ture the authorities could have school every day and back in the directed the Luanza hospital to afternoon. The people all seemed be closed; had this occurred to recognize him as leader and there might have been difficul- followed him remarkably well. ties in reopening it, even when "Since then Bukasa has en- someone with suitable qualifica- larged his church and his activ- tions became available. This ities. He has actually stirred difficulty was temporarily met up the men in the village to by Dr. Patrick Dixon, stationed bring bigger sticks and bundles at Chisambo, some 200 miles of dried grass to build a larger, south of Luanza. As he was due man-sized shed, which they have to go on furlough at the end of almost finished." the year and the one to replace -Presbyterian Survey. him had already ;;I,rrived he was

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

free to go to Luanza. In J anu- F i v e – Yea r Industrialization evangelist came to this village, ary of this year Mr. and Mrs. E. Plan, with the building of saying, "If I do not know that J. Salisbury arrived at Luanza twelve factories as a goal. To you are here, how can I oppose from Bunkeya. Mrs. Salisbury, train their own workmen and you ?"-Presbyterian Banner. being a qualified nurse, was per- de vel 0 p industrial thinking mitted to take charge of the hos- among a rural population five INDIA AND BURMA pital after Dr. Dixon left in ministries are forming plans for April. When he returns next developing vocational training The Last Census in schools. Appropriations for year he will resume his regular health have been maintained; a India is now said to be the work at Chibambo, but unless, several – thousand – year – old hel- most populous country in the or until another doctor is se- ter-skelter system of mixed and world, surpassing even China. uncontrolled weights and meas- Her increase in ten years has cured for Luanza, he will have ures has been wiped out in the been 33,895,298. Eighty-nine general supervision of the work interests of honesty; and finally, per cent of her people live in there. safer and more speedy transpor- villages and it is declared that tation is assured.-Near East an evangelistic tour, visiting L'Evangile en Afrique Christian Council Bulletin. and spending one day in every village in India would take 1,909 This interesting eight-page Some Figures for Palestine years. In the whole population 84.4 per cent of the men and paper in French has found its Palestine has received from 97.1 per cent of the women are three to four thousand Jews a illiterate, the test being "the way to America from the Bel- month during this year. Dur- ability to write a letter and to ing 1933 the number of German read the answer to it." Among gian Congo. It appears as an Jews that entered Palestine was Christians 72.1 per cent are il- 9,000. Altogether in the past literate, an improvement on the evangelical review intended for ten years Palestine received general population. 124,702, and lost 26,083 who rethe Christians of the colonies us- turned to other countries. There The religious classification is are 120 Jewish settlements in about as follows, considering ing the French language. Among Palestine, and at least 27,000 only the larger groups: Hindus Jewish people engaged in agri- number 239,195,100, or 68.24 some articles of a general na- culture. Twenty-four thousand per cent; Mohammedans 77,- children are in Jewish schools of 677,500, or 22.16 per cent; Budture (one on the sleeping sick- Palestine. The budget was not dhists 12,786,800, or 3.65 per only balanced in 1933, but had a cent; Tribal religions 8,280,300, ness) there is an article on the comfortable surplus. It is a land or 2.36 per cent; and Christians without unemployment. 6,296,700, or 1.79 per cent. The work of the Evangelical Mis- Christians have, relative to their Promising Signs in Persia strength, grown more than three sion Society of Paris in Gabon, times as fast as Hindus and Persia's 100th year has been Buddhists, and nearly three the 0 n I y Protestant Society harder, say the missionaries, times as fast as Mohammedans. than even the tragic years of the which does any work in the World War, when destruction, The number of blind people in famine and death wrecked the India is given in the 1931 census Gabon. This is a large territory western part of the country. Yet as 601,370, an increase of 120,- the signs of promise for the fu- 000 in the last ten years. am 0 n g the colonies under ture are many, even in the midst of hearl-wrenching conditions. -International Review of French jurisdiction in Equato- A friendly Minister of Educa- Missions. tion is helping untangle the rial Africa. There are different knotty questions of the status of Caste and Out-Caste Christian schools. Cooperation races and tongues represented between Presbyterian g r 0 ups Rev. J. Gordon Bennett gives and the Church of England Mis- some encouraging facts of the in this vast area and the Evan- sion in the south is bringing work in Medak: 1,981 adult and greater strength and sympathy 3,706 children baptisms have gelical Society works among all among Per s ian Christians. been recorded in 1933, mostly in Threatened hindrances to medi- villages already occupied. The of them. It maintains seven sta- cal work have not materialized. baptized community now num- In one village a friendly mullah bers 89,882. In more than tions. -C. T. B. saw to it that he was busy else- twenty circuits Young Men's where when the missionary Summer Schools have meant a WESTERN ASIA quickening of spiritual life that is being shown in a new helpful- Reforms in Turkey ness in combating all kinds of Last year the tenth anniversary of the Republic was celebrated and the Turkish people themselves we r e astonished when they saw, through statistics effectively displayed, what progress they had made. The celebration was the center for Near East peace efforts, so that while Europe is thinking in terms of war with its Christian neighbors, Turkey is thinking and acting in terms of peace with Christian neighbors. While other lands increase their war budgets Turkey has decreased its appropriation for national defence from Lt.64,004,925 in 1926 to Lt.33,116,640 in 1932.

Since the celebration the nation's leaders are working on a

social evils: idolatry, intemper- leisure, money, even their dig- Turning to God in Burma ance, eating of carrion, caste- nity to provide fresh air outings prejudice, illiteracy and degra- for convalescent women. Pau-Chin-Hau is the leader of dation we are proving to be a remarkable reformation in the most effectively combated by It was Tindale-Biscoe who Chin Hills of Burma. He urges the growth of a new life in our built up this mission in Srinigar. a turning away from idol worvillage young men. The out- He was a convert of D. L. ship and animal sacrifice to the ward face of some of our vil- Moody. worship of the One Creator of lages has been no less than heaven and earth. He has detransformed by the combined New Book Depot vised a script by which any Chin efforts of the Evangelistic Cam- may master the art of reading paign of Witness and these Every section of missionary in fifteen days. Four of his fol- Young Men's Summer Schools. activity in the Hyderabad Prov- lowers traveled 800 miles with ince of India is cooperating in the Sermon on the Mount in -Dnyanodaya. the Christian Book Depot at Se- order to ask the Bible Society to cunderabad, a new literary ef- print it for them. This reformer Harijans Gain Confidence fort to promote the education and his people have expressed and Christian character of con- an earnest desire for the Bible At the conclusion of a nine- verts in the province, almost half in their language. Four hunmonths' h arij an tour, Mr. a million of whom have been dred families have burned their Gandhi is convinced that un- brought into contact with Chris- idols and are asking for Christouchability will soon be a thing tian churches through the "mass tian teachers. Fully 2,500 famiof the past. He says: movements" …. Baptists, Meth- lies are turning to the living odists and members of other God. -United Presbyterian. A most significant result of the tour bodies have shared in the labor was an awakening, on a large scale, of translation, and the Bible So- Gospel Team Discuss Guidance among the Harijans themselves. ciety is cooperating in publica- Many of them have made unsolicited tion and distribution. Arrange- A group of Burmans and statements that the position had con- ments have been just completed Karens, with four missionaries siderably advanced, and that they had for the Christian Literature So- -thirteen in all-met the first confidence that untouchability would ciety to issue in large numbers week of July in retreat to share be a thing of the past in the near pictorial leaflets telling in the and discuss their surrenders, future. If the movement goes on as simplest way the Gospel story, failures and victories. Out of at present, it must cause increasing together with books on hygiene this fellowship they reduced awakening among Harijans, and and moral conduct." their testimonies to the followwhen they fully realize how they can ing list of sins which interfered substantially help themselves,' and -The British Weekly. with God's guidance: how in many cases the law is with them, whether the higher caste Hin- Three Collections in One 1. Fear of criticism. dus like it or not Harijans would Service 2. Laziness. make good their position. I would, of 3. "Ar-na-de" being backward to tell course, hope that these Hindus will In the Godavery region of the realize the wickedness of untouch- Medak Methodist Mission a the unpleasant truth. ability as it is practiced today and get memorable service was held a 4. Disobeying or failing to carry out rid of it themselves, rather than that few months ago. Those present t~ey should be compelled to do so by walked through drenching rain, guidance. CIrcumstances beyond their control. many a great distance, but the 5. Craving recognition or praise. Whatever happens, untouchability room was filled. During the one 6. Not giving full credit to others. cannot survive for many years. service, there were three collec- 7. Unwillingness to "check" others. tions, the amount increasing 8. Checking unguidedly. Character Building with each collection. There was 9. Unwillingness to be checked. first the usual Sunday morning 10. Pride, intellectual, spiritual, etc. Character is being made out collection, followed by the thank- 11. Moods; discouragement. of the most unpromising mate- offering for special blessings 12. Doubts. rial at the High School for Boys received. One man's younger 13. Spiritual numbness, paralysis. of the Church Missionary So- brother had been sick and God 14. Fear of ridicule. ciety at Srinagar, Kashmir. had miraculously restored him; 15. Fear of making light of holy About forty years ago the school so Rs. 5 were put in the plate. was disturbed by a woman's Another had an addition to his things. cries just below the window. family, and there was an offer- 16. Not facing reality, fear to face all The boys looking out saw a ing for that. The third collecyouth, wearing heavy clogs, tion was given by the wives of the facts. kicking a woman who had fallen the evangelists and represented 17. Dishonesty, exaggeration. to the ground. "Oh," said the what they had gathered in many 18. Resentments, hurt feelings. schoolboys, "it is nothing. It is ways for the work of helping 19. Lack of love. only Ram Chan kicking his their sisters.-Dnyanodaya. 20. Impurity, thought or deed. mother." Now the sons and 21. Selfishness. grandsons of that group are con- 22. Independence, rebel complex. tinually on the lookout to help 23. Not praying enough for others. women in trouble. These Kash- 24. Getting unsurrendered; failure to miri boys will give up their find unsurrendered areas.

Burman Official a Christian U Ba Htin, Deputy Commis- sioner of Moulmein, is a Burman

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

Christian who is holding an in- that the home itself is the great- permitted to lead meetings with- creasingly important place in est teaching agency. If children in the bounds of the Presbytery. the new Burma. He is known are to learn the principles of the 16. Unless approved by the session of throughout the province as a Christian home, those principles the church no one shall take the Burman official who cannot be must dominate the home itself; liberty of inviting anyone to hold revival services.

bribed. After graduating from of these the following were em- a Mission School he entered gov- phasized, freedom, self-reliance Tent Evangelism in Hopei ernment service, and now as and fellowship for parents and The H waili field is so large- Deputy Commissioner he has an children alike. As a means of 7,000 square miles, with an apoffice of much authority and proximate population of 1,750,- prestige. He is a member of the educating parents in their re- OOO-t hat the wisest policy Moulmein Baptist Church and sponsibilities the use of tests for seemed the formation of Chris- parents is proposed-tests de- tian groups to evangelize outlyteaches a Bible Class in the Mor- signed to measure parents in ing districts from their own ton Lane Girls' School. He is matters of knowledge, attitudes center. With this in view, a and behavior, and are valuable proud of being a Christian, and in awakening interest. Social tent band settles for a month or wants everyone to know that he hygiene, on a Scriptural basis, so in a place, seeks to form a stands for righteousness. group of active Christians, and is also being stressed. -Burma News.

then moves on to repeat the CHINA Rules for Church Practice process elsewhere. It is hoped Mission Service in Favor The Inchowfu Local Council that the groups thus won will, and Shantung Presbyterian Mis- on their own initiative, con- The Chinese Recorder reports sion Committee last year apthat Mission Schools almost proved the following corrections tinue to witness for Christ when without exception have largely in church practice: the evangelists are busy elseincreased enrollments. In spite of quite frequent unsatisfactory 1. Those who have already been bap- where. This work is in its inequipment they are trying to tized should not be rebaptized or fancy and every effort is made keep their standards up to those immersed. to be systematic and thorough. Except in special circumstances 2. Except with members of the same the tent band stays in one place of government schools. Their family there should be a clear a whole month. The evangelists students are assuming more and separation of the sexes and be- have sometimes wished to leave more responsibilities. Twenty- coming behavior between them. after a week or two because 3. There should be no fasting withfive per cent of the boys are there were no results, but on be- out good reason.

Christians as over against the 4. Only those who have been or- ing encouraged to stay, have one-tenth of several years ago. Of the 162 students in Man- dained are permitted to exercise found the tide turn in the third churia Christian College 112 the laying on of hands or to give or fourth week. Too long a stay baptism. is equally unwise, as there is 5. It is forbidden to use the name of are Christians of whom fifty- Jesus to perform acts of witch- danger of drifting, with no defitwo have been baptized. The craft. nite accomplishment. school at Changchun is filled to 6. There should not be unmeaning capacity-480 on the roll. ejaculations of praise. -China's Millions. 7. Except in private prayer, speak- In spite of increasing facili- ing in "tongues" is not per- Mateer Memorial at Tenghsien mitted. ties in government institutions 8. The name of the Holy Spirit Mateer Memorial Institute in patients continue to fill the mis- should not be used in vain. Shantung celebrated its twentision hospitals. Nurses and doc- 9. In worship everything should be eth anniversary in June. There tors are all on the job. The gov- have been nearly 350 graduates, ernment views with favor all done with proper decorum and most of whom are employed in order. work for the church, either mission activities, and would ac- 10. The form of worship should be preaching or teaching. Last cord all churches, schools and reverent, quiet and orderly, with year the school had nearly 200 hospitals special treatment. seemly behaviour, and by no means accompanied by emotion- alism and the works of the flesh.

Importance of Christian 11. New church members should not students, and its influence is in- soon be given responsibility in creasing. In recent years young Homes women have been admitted and church affairs. over 40 are in attendance. Part of a Five-Year Program of evangelism is an effort to 12. Church members should be self- -Presbyterian Advance. Christianize Chinese hom e s . controlled in all things and not The following means are used: Peiping's Four Campaigns Posters, lectures, lessons, slo- seek to imitate others. gans, songs, organizational ma- For more than twenty years terials, observance of Christian 13. None should vainly seek for Methodist churches in Peiping festivals, study classes for par- "gifts" to exalt oneself. have held special evangelistic ents and for adults in general, campaigns for non-Christians and home week. It is believed 14. In all things exalt "Jesus Christ during the Chinese New Year period. This year four cam- and Him crucified," following the Holy Spirit as Comforter, because the work of the Holy Spirit is to manifest Christ and to witness to the Lord.

15. Whoever does not follow these principles. or who teaches others not to follow them, shall not be

paigns were carried on simul- days in prison as a conscientious the Convention a coal mine in taneously. Numerically, the objector at the time of the this province has informed most important was the one at Russo-Japanese war, as well as headquarters in Tokyo that a the Pearl Market church in one of his sincere efforts to combat Temperance Society is being of the busiest spots of the city. nationalism in the recent Sino- formed.-Japan Christian Quar- Five smaller churches coop- Japanese difficulties. terly. erated. The crowds were persuaded to come in both by the -The Christian Century. For Training Christians attraction of music and by personal invitation at the door. A Presbyterian Mission The Kingdom of God Movewoman stood by the door and in- ment was one of the sponsors of vited all of the women passing Reorganization a conference for training Chrisby to come in. During the ten tian leaders held this fall in days of meeting 8,680 attended, The Presbyterian Mission held Tokyo. About 300 delegates w h i I e 500 w ere interested its annual meeting in Karni- from the eastern part of Japan enough to leave their names and zawa in July, combining the were present and, divided into addresses and twenty joined on usual business with a celebra- groups, studied the general subprobation. tion of the Mission's seventy- ject: "Points of Emphasis in fifth anniversary. A reorganiza- Christian Evangelism for Our The second campaign was at tion plan was discussed under Age." Among the findings of the Flower Market church in the the titles: evangelistic work, group was this statement: area of small shops. The lead- educational work, social work, ing spirit was Mr. Chang, con- kindergartens, YOl,lth program, As Christians we should put heavy verted at sixty and now aged student work and mission or- emphasis on, and proclaim, first, the seventy-five. The third cam- ganization. Steps were taken to central Christian truth that God is paign was at Asbury, followed transfer in the near future as Father and that all men are brothers; by meetings in homes of church many mission kindergartens as second, the principle and ideal of the members. The fourth was at a possible to the Japanese Church. co-existence and co-prosperity of manlittle church in the southwest Most significant of all was the kind everywhere. In the realm of incorner of Peiping. Mrs. Pai, appointment of a committee to ternational peace we should impress wife of the pastor, organized a confer with the Synod of the Christians with their responsibility team of volunteer workers and Church of Christ in Japan for world peace and its promotion, arranged a series of five home (Presbyterian – Reformed urge Christians to join and support meetings each afternoon. In this Church) about a fundamental existing Christian peace organizaway, 120 people were reached. integration of the work and per- tions, and under the leadership of the sonnel of the mission with the National Christian Council observe a -Christian Advocate. church. Day of Prayer for Peace.

JAPAN-CHOSEN -Presbyterian Banner. -Presbyterian Banner.

Christian Missions Conference Temperance Movement Mission Statistics for Chosen Delegates from thirty constit- Growing While it is not possible to estiuent mission bodies in Japan mate the extent and value of forand Formosa were present at The Japan Temperance eign mission work from cold the annual conference of the League held its annual three-day figures, these may give a general Federation of Christian Mis- Convention in Fukuoka, Kyushu, view of the whole work, and sions held at Karuizawa in July. last April. So encouraged were contribute to an understanding The theme of the conference this some of the Japanese leaders of the Church's growth. The year was, "The Church's Re- that they declare that Japan is Korea Mission Field reports: sponsibility to Youth." Speak- destined to lead the whole world "Twenty-five years ago there ers, both foreign and Japanese, out of the wilderness of alcohol- were 28 unordained Korean read papers dealing with Chris- ism. In the past ten years the workers reported in the Methtian work among 'teen age, number of societies affiliated odist Missions and no ordained older adolescent and young mar- with the League had grown ministers. These were all on ried people. from 219 to 3,527, an increase Mission pay; now there are 102 of over 1,500%, while members unordained workers and 22 min- Dr. Tsu demonstrated both had grown from 25,000 to isters, mostly on Korean pay. versatility and power in three 340,000. There are seventeen Then the total adherents were addresses: Jesus, the Healer of totally dry villages and 130 par- 7,871 and now there are 18,817. Bruised Men; The Work of the tially dry. The Convention had Caution must be used here. We Church in China; and China's the largest attendance on record. have no record of thousands of Political Problems, with an ap- On Sunday, when three special Christians who have gone to peal to China and Japan to solve trains brought in large delega- Manchuria and to Japan. We them in the spirit of Christ tions the attendance went over cannot reckon these as lost to without the interference of out- 3,000. Among the working the Church. The earliest figures side meddlers. Mr. Yabe told classes in Fukuoka Province, the 18 years ago tell of 181 Meththe audience of his fifty-seven temperance movement has a odist Sunday schools; for last membership of 12,300. Since year double that number are re- ported.

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

Working Program for Korean missionaries go ashore. On land have reached their majority, a Gospel service was first con- number over 3,000. The great Church ducted, followed by the medical majority of Hawaii's Koreans clinic. During the time of treat- (7,000) are American born, At a meeting of the Presby- ment, tracts and gospels were hence citizens. There are over terian Assembly's For war d given out to the eager people 50,000 Filipinos in Hawaii, Evangelistic Movement Commit- and personal exhortations were mostly young people, all of tee in Seoul, the following ac- made. If villages were not too whom are now eligible for entry tions, am 0 n g others, were far distant, the missionary force into the United States. adopted as the program for next would divide, each taking an inyear: terpreter and carrying the Story The 1930 census of Hawaii re- of the Cross." cords a total population of 368,- (1) To organize 50th Anniversary 336. Of this number, 161,708 Preaching Bands; -Philippine Evangelist. are of native-born parentage, 106,946 of foreign-born parent- (2) To encourage the formation of New Guinea Explored age, and 31,145 of mixed parent- libraries of Christian books age. According to race, there under the C. L. S. plan; . From the New Guinea field of are 50,860 Hawaiians or part the American Lutheran Church Hawaiians; 139,631 Japanese; (3) To seek to have every Christian comes a most interesting ac- 63,052 Filipinos; 27,179 Chi- family subscribe to some Chris- count of an exploration trip nese; 27,588 Portuguese; 6,671 tian magazine or paper; taken into a section of New Porto Ricans; and 6,461 Ko- Guinea lying remotely inland, reans. The balance of the (4) To refer to a committee the ques- and supposedly inhabited by populations is chiefly Caucasian, tion of translating or having numerous tribes. The adjacent although 563 Negroes are re- written, books dealing with Finschhafen Mission of the Ger- ported. present day problems and meth- man Church cooperated with the ods of developing the Church; American Lutheran C h u r c h NORTH AMERICA Mission. Three mIsSIOnaries (5) To adopt as the working slogans from each staff composed the New York's Peculiar Sects for the year: party, and 100 native carriers a. To call non-Christians to were engaged. A portion of the Church announcements in God. territory had been explored by New York's Saturday papers re- b. To call back-slidden Chris- airplane about a year ago. The veal a motley assortment of re- tians back to the Church. latest exploration establishes the ligious cults. Among those an- c. To call Christians back to fact that while portions of the nouncing Sunday services are: their homes to preach. territory are well populated, the Rishi Gherwal, master teacher problem of transportation will of Yoga; Vedanta Society, -Korea Mission Field. entail heavy expense. 0 n e S w ami Bodhananda, leader; church-the Roman Catholic- Fellowship of the Universal De- ISLANDS OF THE PACIFIC has already established a field, sign of Life; United Lodge of with an aerodrome in course of Theosophists; Order of the "The Salvation Navy" construction. During the latter Portal; the Absolute League. portion of the trip, which pene- The Spiritual Science Mother During April and May, the trated into the mountainous Church, Inc., and the Spiritual Gospel S hip Fukuin Maru, region where no white man had Science Institute, Inc., mainunder Captain Skolfield, worked traveled before, bot h native tains a daily service for "Spiramong thirty villages of Tawi- population and wild life were so itual Healing, Prayer, Mes- Tawi and Sulu, and 10,000 peo- sparse that food supplies ran sages." The latest addition to ple in the Philippines heard the very low. the list is the American Life Gospel message. The reception Guidance Association, Inc. was everywhere friendly. Sev- The expedition was rated a eral converts desire baptism, success. The need now is for Benevolence in Extremity . and this will be conferred as missionaries to begin work. The soon as a permanent worker is section explored is known as the It is of wide significance that stationed in Tawi-Tawi. Hagen Mountain District. the Boston Transcript recently carried an advertising page on As a result of these two- -Lutheran News. which forty-six benevolent and months' work, a trained Chris- charitable organizations made tian Moro, Mr. Jack Savandal, Hawaii's Population an earnest plea for aid. All over graduate of Silliman Institute, the country organizations repwill be permanently stationed at More than half of Hawaii's resenting helpful ministries are Bungao. total Japanese popUlation are in extreme need. Income from now American citizens (75,000), invested funds and annual sub- Rev. E. F. Gulbranson tells of whose voting strength is in- scriptions has been greatly rethis cruise of the "Salvation creasing at the rate of nearly duced. Unemployment, result- Navy," as he calls it. "During 1,000 per year. American citi- ing in the urgent needs and the month of active work, the zens of Chinese ancestry, who doctor, dentist and nurse were able to administer and treat over 2,000 cases. Many came to the boat for treatment. The order of the day was as follows: awake from sound sleep, have private devotion, then breakfast, followed by a ship service of Bible exposition and prayer. Then doctor, dentist, nurse and

pleas of countless people, has ranged when the contribution of of their poverty, the Indians made a tremendous appeal to Italians to the economic, civic give more, proportionately, than the charitably inclined, with the and cultural life of America the white field of South Dakota. net result that philanthropic or- will be noted. ganizations are in dire straits. -The Living Church. Many have bee n built up There are 350 evangelical through long years by prayer churches and missions for Ital- MISCELLANEOUS and self-sacrifice; many are ians in this country, with a well housed and equipped. The membership of over 27,000. In Inter-Visitation in Far East plea is for continued interest in the more than forty years' histhese stabilizing factors of civi- tory of this movement there has Eastern Stu den t Christian lization. never been held a national and Movements are setting up plans interdenominational conference for inter-visitation which will Toward Methodist Union of its influential leadership. It greatly strengthen their nation- is hoped that a thorough-going al work and lead to much more The year 1944, hundredth an- survey will discover ways of intensive collaboration between niversary of the Methodist more effective inter-church co- them. The Indian Movement cleavage over slavery, has been operation. hopes to send a delegation to the set as the time when it is hoped Java Movement in the autumn there may be completed a union -Christian Intelligencer. of this year. The Chinese Moveof the three leading bodies of ment invited the Indian Move- Methodism in the United States: Orientals in Utah ment to send over a group of the Methodist Episcopal Church, students and student leaders the Methodist Episcopal Church, Rev. Sho Kichi Rata is pastor some time in 1934 for a period South, and the Methodist Prot- of a Congregational church for of three months "to expound the estant Church. The reunion of Orientals in Salt Lake City. Christian message from an Inthese bodies would create a de- This church owns a beautiful dian viewpoint, to interpret nomination with close to 7,500,- building, a parsonage and dor- Gandhi and the Indian National 000 communicants. Bishop Ed- mitory for students. The pastor Movement and to help in dewin H. Hughes is chairman of writes, in the Missionary Her- veloping an international mind the committee of fifteen charged ald: and a Federation consciousness with drafting a unification plan. among Chinese students." The The Japanese population in Salt Japanese and Chinese Move- -Presbyterian Banner. Lake City is declining rapidly. Dur- ments are discussing various ing the last two years our church has projects of visitation. At the Baptist Home Missions lost ten families through removal. same time preparations are be- ing made for a visit of a Negro The American Baptist Home Our Sunday school is international. delegation from the S. C. M. in Mission Society reports that Soon after I came here I noticed a the U. S. A. to India. only one Christian center has Chinese girl in the school. It seems had to close its doors this year that she had tried at first to make -Far Horizons. for lack of funds, although cur- friends among her own people, but tailment has been necessary. found them to be beneath the plane Stewardship Around the World This ability to adequately meet to which she was accustomed. Then existing conditions has been she turned to her American school- Since the World Stewardship largely due to the interest and mates in high school, but soon became Convention in Edinburgh in financial aid of communities in conscious of their prejudice. Finally 1931, Christian Stewardship is which these Christian centers she turned to us, and has found real circling the globe. Anglican, are placed. Loyalty of foreign- friends. She has been a faithful at- Methodist and Presbyterian comspeaking pastors has won large tendant at our Sunday school, and last munions in England have built numbers. Also the missionary Easter joined our church. Lately her up an organization and distribservice among Indians has had two brothers have been coming too. uted literature. A Scotch assoencouraging response. There We also have some American boys ciation is being formed. One of have been large ingatherings on and a Greek girl among our Sunday the eight points emphasized in the California, Nevada, Crow, school pupils. the Five Year Movement of the Navajo and Western Oklahoma Church of Christ in China is fields. Three hundred baptisms Indians Exceed Whites in Christian stewardship. "We are reported. need, above all, to understand Gifts that, if we want Christianity to Italian Evangelicals Convene really prosper in China, we must A convocation of the Niobrara be willing to accept the heavy A national Italian Evangelical deanery of Sioux Indians was load involved in becoming inde- Conference convenes in New held at Greenwood, S. D., Au- pendent, self-governing and self- York City November 1-2. Morn- gust 19 and 20. An important supporting," read the commiting and afternoon sessions will feature was the offering for tee's report. be devoted to discussions; on general missions. While South November 1 a dinner will be ar- Dakota is the darkest point in Stewardship was given a the stricken drought region and prominent place at the General the Sioux Indian reservations Assembly of the United Church are literally burned up, the of- fering was one-third larger than last year. Over $4,100 was given by these poverty stricken Indians; $1,000 of it came from the Indian young people. Out OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK 541 of Northern India. An entire day schools, as well as Boy Scout New Books evening was devoted to the sub- troops and other organizations, ject with two leading professors are collected for her. HI am The Kingdom Comes-A Story of as the speakers. Similar reports almost in the junk business," Friendly Service at Home and come from Korea, the Philip- smiled Mrs. Love. "I will wel- Ab!oad. 1933-4. 46 pp. American pines and the Near East. come old aluminum, lead pipe, FrIends Board of Missions. Rich- iron, brass, copper, empty tooth- mond, Ind. -United Church Record. paste tubes – in fact, any old junk that I can sell." In Season a~d Out of Season-Report Roman Oatholicism Grows of the Chma Inland Mission. 1934. -Without the Camp. 50 pp. London and Philadelphia. Dawn gives the world membership of the Church of Rome as On the Side of Temperance A Short History of Religions. E. E. 297,762,524, as against 132,969,- Kellett. 58. Gollancz. London. 616 of the Protestant churches, Dr. W. J. Mayo, of the famous and 127,295,825 of the Eastern Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn., Life of William Carey. Pearce Car- Church. Thirty years ago the writes to young doctors, in the ey. 68. Carey Press. London. Roman priests throughout the Staff Bulletin: "As doctors we world numbered 230,000; today must begin to think of promot- An African People in the Twentieth there are (Universe, November ing the cause of temperance. Century. L. P. Mair. 300 pp. 128. 11, 1932) 321,000 priests. Ac- How often do we hear, when we 6d. Geo. Routledge & Sons. London. cording to Universe (December are speaking of a certain man, 30, 1932), "It is probably a fact 'A very bright man- but he An African Sl?eaks for His People. that the church has made more drinks.' Of my classmates in Parmenas GIthendu Mockerie. 38. material progress in G rea t college, as far as I know, none 6d. Hogarth Press. London. Britain in this year of economic of those who drank steadily is catastrophies than in any year now living, and of those who The Bible in China. Marshall Bromsince the Reformation." The 600 were addicts even to a mild de- hall. 190 pp. 28. 6d. C. I. M. Roman Catholic priests in Eng- gree, from the time the addiction London. land of 50 or 60 years ago, have became manifest, non e proincreased (Universe, November gressed or maintained his posi- Extre!Ues Meet; Some Facts About 1, 1933) to 4,818. On an aver- tion. One of the greatest sur- I~dla's Women. Lilian A. Underage one Roman Catholic church geons in the world, talking to hIll. 31 pp. 6d. Highway Press. is being built every week in Eng- me, said that he had never London. land, while converts and monas- known a surgeon of the first teries are springing up all over rank who was in the habit of Forty Missionary Stodes. Margaret the land. The Roman Catholic using alcohol." W. Eggleston. 161 pp. $1.50. popUlation is increasing by about Harpers. New York. 12,000 annually. Some Results of Leprosy . From the same source, it ap- Treatment Japa~ Christian Year Book-1934. pears that in the United States EdIted by Roy Smith. Yen 2.50. the Vatican has 12,537 churches, A summary compiled from re- 401 pp. Kyo Bun Kwan. Tokyo. 5,723 missions, and a clergy turns received from 53 different numbering 29,782, including 16 stations in India, China, Korea The Katha Upanisad-An Introducarchbishops and cardinals. Their and Africa where work is main- tory Study in the Hindu Doctrine of 7,462 parochial schools enroll tained by the Mission to Lepers, God.. 242 pp. $5.00. Oxford Uni- 2,170,102 pupils, while their 1,- indicates the gratifying results verSIty Press. New York. 998 institutions for higher learn- of special treatment given during enroll 179,345 students. ing the year. Kingdom Come. Hugh Redwood. 127 pp. $1.00. Revell. New York. Tin-Foil Missionary Patients under treatment for not less than three months.. 8,812 The Land and Life of India. Mar- The "Tin-foil Lady," Mrs. garet Read. 28. 144 pp. Edin- Robert Love, of 138 G r 0 v e Number of above who greatly burgh House Press. London. Street, Plainfield, New Jersey, improved …………….. 2,998 has gathered and sold for the Memories of Four Score Years-An benefit of the Mission to Lepers Number slightly improved … 2,273 Autobiography. Samuel Hall Chesthe remarkable total of 21,371 Cases arrested without deform- ter. Presbyterian Committee on pounds of tin-foil during the Publication. Richmond, Va. past nine yea r s. This has ity, i. e., symptom free ….. 1,058 amounted to more than $600. Cases arrested with deformity 345 Reminiscences of Livingstonia. Rob- Mrs. Love has tin-foil sent to her ert Laws. 270 pp. 68. Oliver & from Maine to California. One Of the remaining cases, some Boyd. Edinburgh. lot came from Panama and an- became worse, or stationary, and other from England. In Plain- a considerable number left or The Story of American Dissent. field, many day schools and Sun- died. Six hundred and fifty-three John M. Mecklin. 381 pp. $3.50. of the cases arrested without de- Harcourt, Brace & Co. New York. formity were discharged, and 79 of those arrested with deformity. Sally J o. Zenobia Bird. 216 pp. More than 5,700 Lepers were $1.50. Revell. New York. treated as out-patients. .v The Omi ~rotherhood in Nippon. W. -Without the Camp. M. ones. Illus. 181 pp. $1.00. OmI-Hachiman. Japan.

History of Korea Mission of the Presbyterian Church in the U. S. A. Illus. $2.00. Mission Press. Chosen.

The New Church and the New Ger- . many: A Study of Church and State. Charles S. Macfarland. 210 pp. $2.25. Macmillan. London and New York.

Japan. F. C. Jones. Modern States Series, No. 1. Maps. 136 pp. 38. 6d. Arrowsmith. London.

Japan-Whither? James A. B. Scher- er. 145 pp. Yen 1. Hokuseido Press. Tokyo.

(Concluded on page 544.)

~' i~

Our Missionary Bookshelf Books Briefly Reviewed for the Readers' Information ~,==========~,~ The African .Today. By D. Wester- table of contents, but with a tion of the seminary to its mann. 12mo. 343 pp. $3.00. Ox- good index its value would be in- larger constituency. Volume IV ford University Press. New York. 1934. creased. contains the detailed data on the basis of which the conclusions of Professor Westermann is editor of a quarterly journal, The Education of American Min- the preceding volumes are based. isters. A Study by the Conference In Volume I Dr. William Africa, published by the Inter- of Theological Seminaries in the national Institute of African United States and Canada and the Adams Brown summarizes the Languages and Cultures. He Institute of Social and Religious Re- material assembled and presents search. Four volumes, $3.50 each an interpretation along the folhas written books on African or $12.00 a set. Published by the lowing lines. "The status of the language studies and on the Institute. New York. 1934. minister in American Protes- Shilluk people of the Egyptian This is a comprehensive study tantism"; "Where the Protes- Sudan. In this present volume of the education of Protestant tant minister receives his prohe gives a masterly general ministers in America on the fessional education"; "The eduview of the Africans and some basis of the best information cation that is given today" and of the ,problems connected with that could be secured. The Con- "The education needed for totheir progress. It is introduc- ference of Theological Semina- morrow." tory to a series of monographs ries represents sixty-nine of the Different phases of ministerial on special tribes and sociological I e a din g institutions in the education are brought to view. studies. Dr. Westermann is a United States and Canada. The This rather s tar t lin g fact remarkable linguist, who went details involved in such an ex- emerges that in seventeen of the to West Africa as a missionary tensive work were distributed largest white Protestant denomand later became professor at by the Institute among six com- inations, only three-fifths of the Berlin University. He studied mittees. Dr. Mark A. May, pro- ministers have received college African languages to discover fessor of Educational Psychol- and seminary training. By the the key to the inmost thoughts ogy at Yale University, was side of this another important of the people, and some results chosen as Director and Dr. Wil- consideration is to be addedof his investigations are set liam Adams Brown of the Union the incapacity of the Protestant forth in this volume-studies on Theological S em ina r y, New Church as a whole to support a African civilization, social ideas, York, consented to serve as theo- trained ministry. One large deracial differences, mental char- logical consultant. A small group nomination reports over sixty acteristics, economic life, family of specialists in theology and per cent of its vacant churches life, their governments and their general education in the United as enrolling fewer than fifty conception of the supernatural. States and Canada were ap- members. Attention is called to The concluding four chapters pointed as advisers. the large number of theological relate particularly to modern This study, under this leader- schools – some two hundred of education and Christian mis- ship and with the cooperation of them-which graduate a smaller sions. There are many helpful some sixty seminaries, begun number of students than the discussions on such subjects as five years ago, is now published seventy-six medical schools of the relation of Christian thought in these four good-sized vol- our country. One problem after and life to the purchase of umes. The second volume (which another is reviewed, for exwives, to polygamy, taboo, in- logically comes first) takes up ample, scholarship aid, what itiation ceremonies, missionary "the profession of the ministry" the curriculum should include, education, race relations, mis- as it relates to the minister him- how much time should be given sions and governments. The self, his education, his denomina- to field work, etc., etc. How- whole volume is exceedingly tion, his work and the bearing-Df ever, the work of a missionary valuable to missionaries, gov- training upon success. Volume and the specialized training he ernment officials and others who III surveys the theological sem- needs is not taken into account, work among the Africans. The inary as a professional school, except by reference to courses of author is well informed, sane seminary teachers and teaching mission study in different insti- and sympathetic in his observa- methods, the student body, the tutions. tions on missionaries and their seminary as the center of corpo- Evidently theological semina~ work. There is an analytical rate religious life and the rela- ries, as shown by this extensive [542]

OUR MISSIONARY BOOKSHELF

study, are taking more seriously goals. In other words, if he is and a– typical Scotch Christian their task of training the future to be a parish minister, his edu- workingman of the best type. leaders of the Church, and the cation will be carried forward His son began as a boy to earn under the pressure of parochial his own living as a railway churches themselves are de- pragmatism. The emphasis in porter, playing a flute and read- manding a ministry more thor- study is placed here, not so much ing Virgil to brighten life. He oughly trained and more compe- on the Bible and the divine au- once told a story of these early tent to deal with problems of the thoritative final message which days: new day. Changes in the right the minister derives from this direction are taking place with "infallible" source of faith and Our stationmaster, Mr. Blacklock, rapidity. Since Dr. Brown pre- life, but upon human conditions who had been a signalman somewhere pared his statement regarding as necessary and fruitful re- before that, was a reserved, thought- search subjects. The older dis- ful-looking man. He didn't encourage the constitutional requirements ciplines which assume a God- the other lad and me to come into his of the Presbyterian Church, given revelation and seek to office in the long times that came be- U. S. A., as to ministerial candi- make ministers mighty in the tween some trains. So we kept out. dates and the possibility of lax- Scriptures, specialists in Chris- We only knew he was writing some- ity on the part of tender-hearted tian doctrine and able to present thing-sheets and sheets-whatever it Presbyteries, a stricter regime a message with a "Thus saith was. But I broke through his guard has been inaugurated whereby the Lord" are to be more or less one day when he went up the line, and eclipsed by the practical and couldn't be back for some hours. In a requirements for licensure and more popular disciplines. The drawer I found those "sheets and ordination are not to be set study of Hebrew is thrown into sheets" and a letter lying. The letter aside. the discard and by the same was froml John Stuart Blackie, Pro- logic a knowledge of Greek is fessor of Greek in Edinburgh Uni- These volumes have more to not considered so essential since versity (and little did I dream that do with diagnosis than with there are many first-class com- some years later I would be one of his therapeutics, as is apt to be the mentaries at hand. This changed students). The letter said that he case with all research work. The emphasis, to a number of semi- (Blackie) was returning the MS. consensus of opinion regarding naries, particularly those be- translation of the "Clouds of Aris- any of the problems which the longing to confessional churches, tophanes," that Blacklock had sent education of ministers present will be regarded as a downward him, and that it stirred him to find a is apt to be in the way of com- movement serving to lower the man "among the din and smoke of pro p h e tic function of the railways, with a scholar's acquaint- promise and hence not satisfac- preacher and to make of the min- ance with Greek, and closing with tory to all. ister a trained nurse rather than some words of advice about publica- a doctor of divinity. tion. So there you are," added Mr. The attempt has been made by McNeill, in his retrospect," Virgil in one of the cooperating commit- This attempt to rethink the the porter's room and Aristophanes in tee to define the aim of ministe- education of ministers is much the stationmaster's office, and all the rial education in the following in line with "Re-Thinking Mis- while our novelists getting nervous terms: "To assist students in sions" and significantly enough about being criticised for absurd situ- gaining an accurate knowledge both lines of study in their em- ations declared to be utterly untrue to of (a) the nature of religion- phasis upon cooperation propose life. more specifically the Christian a kind of brain-trust to promote religion and its place in the his- a new deal. That is to say, as in At the age of 23 John McNeill tory of religion; (b) the Bible missions, so in the education of entered Edinburgh University as the supreme document of our ministers, for all the seminaries and was graduated from the di- religion; (c) the origin, historic there is proposed a Council of vinity school in Glasgow eight Ministerial Education which can years later. Immediately he development and missionary ex- represent the seminaries in help- burst on the world as one of the • pansion of the Christian move- ing to bring about the conclu- great preachers of his day. For sions stated by this comprehen- forty-seven years, as a pastor in ment," and so on. Thus consid- a dozen different charges or as ered it would seem as if the sive study. J. Ross STEVENSON. evangelist with D. L. Moody or Christian religion, like other re- alone, he preached the Gospel as ligions, is an evolution, the rec- John McNeill. By Alexander Gam- one of the most eloquent, per- .ord of man's search for God and mie. 8 vo. 277 pp. 58. Pickering suasive, faithful preachers of its highest attainment. The and Inglis. London. 1933. modern times. Looking back one Bible is considered not so much feels that the cities of New as a revelation, the Word of .A simple, ingenuous biography York and Philadelphia, at least, God, as a document, supreme of one of the most lovable and to which he gave some five years among others to be sure, in useful and fruitful preachers of of his life never adequately ap- which man's progressive striv- Christ and His Gospel of the past preciated or profited by Mc- ing may be traced. Such a con- fifty years. John McNeill was Neill's lavish outpouring of his ception of the Christian religion born in 1854 in the little Scotch life but in other places and in naturally lends itself to what Dr. Village of Houston. His father many lands he not only sowed Brown describes as a "functional was a laborer in a stone quarry the good seed of the Kingdom currlculum" whereby the stu- but reaped an abundant harvest. dent will have an orderly series of experiences arranged to The record of his life here given is in popular style and the achieve de fin i t e educational author had access to little or no

material in the way of diaries, learned, of new power to serve, an inheritance of great moral letters and notes. Perhaps in a of new sympathy and fellowship rectitude. She was the second life so open and ingenuous there that have come through suffer- of nine children, born in Devon- was little for a biographer to ing. The letters are not all di- shire, England, and was bapexplore and reveal. McNeill be- rectly related to the Dohnavur tized at the age of eleven. At 23 gan as a grand human voice for work but are beautiful spiritual she met Hudson Taylor and of- Christ and that was what he was messages that will prove a balm fered for work in China, but always, as much at the beginning to many a pain-racked body and physical weakness closed this as at the end, as much at the end will calm and cheer many a door. Nine years later, she volas at the beginning. What he troubled soul. unteered again, but once more might have been and done, if he her health forbade. She then had spent his life in one or two The Romance of Labrador. By Sir accepted a commission to con- Wilfred Grenfell. Illus. 8 vo. 329 duct a home in Tottenham for long pastorates in Edinburgh pp. $4.00. Macmillan Co., New missionaries' children. Step by and London, one can only spec- York. 1934. step, as her life work, she was ulate. He did his best to follow led to take charge of a home in the Will of God. One would scarcely expect to London for women candidates find much romance in the rugged, of the C. I. M. Some years later ROBERT E. SPEER. icebound, impoverished and she had the joy of visiting thinly settled promontory of the Rose from Brier. By Amy Car- Labador. But seen through the China, where she traveled for 13 . michael. 12mo. 206 pp. 3s. 6d. eyes of Dr. Grenfell, who has consecutive months, covered 6,- Society for Promoting Christian lived and labored and loved 000 miles and visited 44 mission Knowledge. London. 1933. there, it is abundantly alluring stations. The impressions she and romantic. In its bleak plains received helped to solve many Miss Carmichael is well known and rocky shores, its mountains as the founder of the Dohnavur and fjords, its coves and "tick- problems in her own work in Fellowship, t hat remarkable les,"-he sees beauty and grand- London, as she saw more clearly mission for girls and boys in eur. In its simple fisherfolk, its the kind of training needed. South India. She is the author Indians and Eskimos, he finds of some fifteen books, the best heroism, strength, self-sacrifice All through her life of 91 known of which are "Lotus and love. He sees all as a great Buds," "Things as They Are," and varied "pageant" and de- years Miss Soltau was a bearer "Raj, the Brigand Chief," and lights in the struggles of the of responsibility-the care of a "Gold Cord." past, he knows its resources and blind father, of missionaries' believes in the future of country children, the training of mis- The present volume consists and people. Other volumes by sionary candidates and finally of thirty-four informal letters Dr. Grenfell have dealt chiefly the care of an invalid, and blind written originally to the Dohna- with his own experiences in try- sister. Until she reached the vur Fellowship Invalids' League. ing to help the fishermen of Lab- age of 85, she always felt the They are beautiful messages of need of putting another's decheer and comfort to those who suffer. Thirty-four songs are mands before her own. H. H. F.

included, each with a clear rador and New Foundland; this New Books Christian message. Miss Car- latest volume describes the land michael has herself been a great of rocks and ice; the life and (Concluded from page 541.) sufferer and writes from experi- character of the Indians and The Chinese Renai.ssance. Hu Shih. ence of roses born on briers, Eskimos, the coming of the Vi- 110 pp. $1.50. University Press. the spiritual fruits of physical kings and other explorers and Chicago. trials. "Amma," as she is lovingly called by her associates, settlers; the plant-life, the fish The Mongols of Manchuria. OweI and fowl and fourfooted beasts; Lattimore. 311 pp. $2.50. Day. can say: the Christian work of the Mo- New York. "The s h i n in g happiness, ravians and his own Labrador Mission. No Richer Heritage: The Story of through months w hen will the Church in Borneo. Ruth Hen- rich. 71 pp. 1s. S. P. C. K. and power could do nothing to con- Sir Wilfred is an authority in S. P. G. London. quer pain (and it could not be his subject and has the pen of ignored), was not natural, but a skilled writer. The illustra- Island India Goes to School. Edwin tions from 36 photographs and R. Embree, Margaret S. Simon and is one of those surprises of our 14 drawings add much to the at- W. Bryant Mumford. lIlus. 120 Heavenly Lover, who never tractiveness of the book. pp. $2.00. University Press. Chiseems to tire of giving us sur- cago. prises." – The Rise and Fulfilment of British She writes to those who suf- Henrietta Soltau. By Mildred Cable Rule in India. Edward Thompson and G. T. Garratt. 690 pp. 21's.

fer, not offering theory and and Francesca French. 240 pp. Macmillan. London. advice, but witnessing from ex- China Inland Mission. 1934. The Population Problem in India: A perience. She tells of tempta- The dignity and courage of a Census Study. P. K. Wattal. 185 tions and difficulties that come pp. Rs. 3.8. Bennett, Coleman. with pain, of vision of her Lord, life guided by faith are revealed Bombay. of new understanding of His in an interesting and inspiring own suffering, of new lessons way in this biographical sketch. Egypt Since Cromer. Vol. II. Lord Henrietta Soltau was born with Lloyd. Maps. 418 pp. 21s. Mac- millan. London

Items

(Concluded from second cover.) ~bt 1Stng'~ .u~tnt~~ Miss Michi Kawai, Japan's most noted woman educator, is in America published by speaking at a series of missionary conferences, under the auspices of the BIBLE INSTITUTE OF LOS ANGELES Committee on Women's Work of the Foreign Missions Conference of A monthly Bible Family Magazine with something in it North America and the Central Com- for every member of the family circle mittee on the United Study of For- eign Missions. Miss Kawai is the I SSUED for twenty-five years without interruption. THE KING'S BUSI- NESS has consistently represented the best thought of the fundaauthor of the mission study book, mental Christian churches of the nation. In addition to its interesting contributions by leading teachers, evangelists and pastors, "Japanese Women Speak." it prints every month several valuable departments, including: An ••• International Lesson Commentary, Notes on Christian Endeavor, Daily Dr. and Mrs. W. A. Stanton are re- Devotional Readings, Girls' Query Corner, Junior King's Business, and Helps for Preachers and Teachers. Trial subscriptions (3 months) 25c; tiring after forty years of service as Annual subscriptions $1.50. The following premiums are at present available free with annual subscriptions: a teacher's Bible, a copy of Baptist missionaries in Kurnool, Jamison's Bible Chart, or a copy of Objects that Talk and Teach, con- taining 52 new and interesting object lessons. The supply of each of South India. When they went to Kur- these premiums is limited, so order at once. nool in 1893, there was only a little handful of Christians. Now there are 150 workers and 6,000 Christians in fifteen strong self-supporting churches, each with a substantial stone house of worship. ••• Mrs. Nobu Jo, noted social worker Address: of Kobe, Japan, has received a government gift of 1800 yen to be used on Wbt iting'~ Jjusint~s her new kindergarten building in Harada-mura. Already the new kin- 558 South Hope Street Los Angeles, California dergarten has been dedicated, and 125 children are cared for and taught Alaska. Some years ago this fine among Belgian soldiers furloughed in every day, practically all of them be- Christian boy, with leadership pos- London, and after the war its activing sent by parents who are forced to sibilities, was recommended for train- ities were transferred to Belgium, go to work and leave their children ing at the Sheldon Jackson School, where the Nortons were cordially welwithout care. Sitka. While there he decided to be- comed by the late King Albert and his come a minister to his people. Queen. Mrs. Edith Fox Norton, who ••• survives and will continue the mission *•• work, was decorated by the Queen of Percy Ipalook, an Eskimo from Belgium with the Order of Elizabeth. Barrow, Alaska, has been appointed missionary in charge of the Presbyte- Dr. Chauncey* F.* B*rown, a Presbyrian church at Cape Prince of Wales, terian missionary, in Hengchow, If you use Miss Helen Topping, Secretary to China, died September 25th. A native Toyohiko Kagawa for the past seven of St. Paul, Minnesota, Dr. Brown PRINTING years, will spend a year in America was graduated from the Cornell Uni- interpreting his leadership. She is versity Medical College and went into YOU will profit from an ac- also preparing articles explaining Dr. missionary work in China, in 1921. quaintanceship with us. We Kagawa's Christian Social Program. do the job complete in our own *•* plant, whether it be large or ••• small. Dr. L. K. Williams, pastor of a Rev. Stephen L. Desha, pastor for 45 years of the Haili Congregational While our specialty is Books, Negro church in Chicago that is rated Church in Hawaii, died in July, great- Maglltines and Pamphlets, yet ly honored by all races in Hawaii. we have a variety of modern as the largest Baptist church in the equipment to meet all the re- world, has been chosen one of the vice- *** quirements of your particular job. You will find our service presidents of the Baptist World Al- Mrs. Ursula Clarke Marsh, one of prompt, careful and courteous. the oldest missionaries of the Ameri- liance. ••* can Board, died in Claremont, Calif., Will you allow us to estimate August 20th. She lived through sev- on your next printing 1 We be- Charles W. Osborne, treasurer of eral Balkan wars, and had been a lieve vou will be delighted with the Board of Domestic Missions, Re- refugee. Upon her marriage to Rev. our product, price and service. formed church in America, has passed George D. Marsh, her activities were his 95th birthday and is still a regular transferred from the A. B. C. F. M. The EVANGELICAL PRESS attendant of the meetings of the at Brousa, Asia Minor, to European Board and Executive Committee. Turkey, and later to Bulgaria. Print.,.. of The Missionary Review of the World Obituary Notes Mrs. George*J. *Be*ck, wife of the PLANT AND MAIN OFFICE Ralph C. Norton, founder and di- Presbyterian pastor at Ketchikan, Third and Reily SIr••1s Harrisburg. Pa. rector of the Belgian Gospel Mission, Alaska, died August 15th. For over died in Brussels, Belgium, on October forty years of almost unbroken min- 1st, after undergoing an operation. istry, Mrs. Beck served in Alaska. Both Mr. and Mrs. Beck served as Mr. Norton was 65 years of age and teacher and preacher in various vil- was widely known in evangelistic lages of Alaska. As teacher, doctor, work. He attended the Moody Bible nurse, advisor to women and men Institute, and for several years was alike, Mrs. Beck was an invaluable associated with the Chapman-Alex- aid in her husband's ministry. ander and Torrey-Alexander evangel- istic campaigns around the world.

The Belgian Gospel Mission, a Prot- estant undertaking, was started BY USE OF THE GOSPEL IN PRINT The Good News of Christ, interpreted to Moslems through the Christian life and literature, is winning a hearing for the Gospel in many lands.

Will you help to supply this needed Christian literature for millions who have never heard the Gospel in Egypt Syria Irak China Palestine Persia Morocco Turkey India Java Algiers Arabia Malaysia Sumatra Tunis South Africa Send your help to the missionaries in these countries through The American Christian Literature Society For Moslems Cooperating with Interdenominational Committees on the Reid.

BOARD OF MANAGERS William I. Chamberlain, Ph.D., President Delavan L. Pierson, Dr. Robert E. Speer, of New York, Vice-Presidents Mrs. William Bancroft Hill, Honorary Vice-President Dr. James Cantine, Corresponding Secretary Rev. S. M. Zwemer, D.D., General Secretary Miss May S. Blanvelt Dr. John H. Raven Rev. Robert W. Searle, D.D. Mrs. Finley J. Shepard Rev. Thomas S. Donohugh Arthur Y. Meeker Rev. A. C. Snead Rev. Mills J. Taylor, D.D. Mrs. J. M. Montgomery John W. Wood, D.C.L.

Gifts may be sent to Mrs. E. E. OleoH, Treasurer, dt 129 East 69th St., New York City Apply for information to THE SECRETARY, 25 East 22nd Street, New York City Order Our Special Mission Study Numbers FA CTS-ILLUSTRA TIONS-STA TISTICS-STORIES June, 1934 October, 1934 ORIENTALS IN AMERICA JAPAN NUMBER Who Are the Orientals …….. Albert W. Palmer Japan, a Problem or Challenge . .Chas. W. Igleha·rt Oriental Students . . . . . . . . . . . . Charles D. Hurrey Japanese Views of Missions ….. . E. C. Hennigar Is America Christian? …….. . Arthur D. Young Influence of Christ in Japan …. .S. H. Wainright How Orientals Worship ….. .Florence Evemeyer Japanese Christian Leaders ……. .H. W. Myers In Christ No East or West ….. .Allan A. Hunter The Unfinished Task …….. Gordon K. Chapman Interracial Understanding .. , . Charles R. Shepard The Youth of Japan ………….. Willis Lamott A New Deal for Orientals ……… .Pardee Lowe Facing the Crisis . . . . . . . . . . . . . Toyohiko Kagawa Gei Chuck-Chinese Cook …….. Philip F. Payne Kingdom of God Movement ….. William Axling Opportunity in America …….. Virginia Kadoike Value of Christian Education …….. L. 1. Shafer Second Generation Japanese …. .Frank H. Smith Effects of O'verlapping ………. William Vories East Indians in U. S. A……… Theo. Fieldbrave Present-Day Religion in Japan . . A. K. Reischauer Filipinos in America …………. .Jose G. Deseo Twenty-five Books on Japan …. Willis G. Hoekje SEND YOUR ORDERS NOW-HELP TO INTEREST OTHERS 25 Cents a Copy-$2.50 a Year-$20.00 a Hundred THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD Third and Reily Streets, Harrisburg, Pa.

The Missionary Review of the World — October 1934

OCTOBER,1934

SPECIAL JAPAN NUMBER JAPAN~ A PROBLEM-OR A CHALLENGE? . Chas. W. Iglehart JAPANESE VIEWS OF CHRISTIAN MISSIONS .. E. C. Hennigar INFLUENCE OF CHRIST IN JAPAN . ……. .S. H. Wainw.right SOME JAPANESE CHRISTIAN LEADERS . …… . H. W. Myers THE UNFINISHED TASK IN JAPAN …. .Gordon K. Chapman THE YOUTH OF JAPAN-WHITHER? .. Willis Church Lamott FACING A CRISIS IN JAPAN . ………… Toyohiko Kagawa THE KINGDOM OF GOD MOVEMENT ……. William Axling THE VALUE OF CHRISTIAN EDUCATION ……. L. J. Shafer SOME EFFECTS OF OVERLAPPING . ……… William Vories PRESENT-DAY RELIGION IN JAPAN ……. A. K. Reischauer TWENTY-FIVE BOOKS ON JAPAN . ……… Willis G. Hoekje IMPORTANT FACTS AND FIGURES ….•…… …. Editorial

to Remember Dr. Robert Laws, the famous her Society Mrs. Goodman made

Scotch missionary to Livingstonia, September 30-0ctober 3 – Ninth Bi- trips around the world, a journey ennial Convention of The Women's died in London on August 6th. He through Africa, and attended the Missionary Society of the United was in his 84th year. In 1875 the Lutheran Church. Dayton, Ohio. Jerusalem Conference. !lata, a little steamer brought from September 30-0ctober 7 – Religious the mouth of the Zambezi, entered * '" '" Education Week. Lake Nyasa; of the eight persons on Susan Reed Howland. 57 years a missionary of the American Board in October 2-3-0ne Hundred and Fif- the boat Laws was one; in Nyasaland Ceylon, passed away July 25th, in tieth Anniversary of the founding of New Brunswick Theological Sem- he made his home and laid the founda- Claremont, California. She was born inary, New Brunswick, N. J. tions of a great church and mission. in Ceylon in 1849, and was graduated October 4-13 – General Conference In common with all Scottish ministers, from Mount Holyoke College in 1872. Evangelical Church. Akron, O. he had a thorough preparation, being not only a theological graduate but She served for 52 years as principal October 6-Sunday School Teachers of the Udivil Girls' Scfihvoeoly, eJaarfsfnaa~ Recognition Day. also a Doctor of Medicine. As a mis- Ceylon, and then for sionary he was a practical preacher missionary evangelist in connection October 10-14- Sesquicentennial of the Methodist Episcopal Church. and administrator. Like Stewart of with Udivil Hospital. More than a Baltimore, Md. Lovedale, he laid great stress upon in- thousand girls passed through the October 10-20-General Convention of dustrial training. When the jubilee Udivil school during Miss Howland's the Protestant Episcopal Church. Atlantic City, N. J. of the Livingstonia mission was cele- administration. brated, Laws was still at his post. He October 16-Institute on the Church had lived to see the one convert of * * '" and Social Relations of the Con- 1881 become 10,000. He was modera- necticut Council of Churches and tor of the United Free Church in The Rev. Elliott Speer, Head Religious Education, Hartford Sem- 1908. In 1923 for his public services inary Foundation, Hartford, Conn. Master of the Mount Hermon School in Africa he was made C.M.G. In for Young Men, was murdered on Sep- October 16-21-International Conven- 1927 he left Nyasaland for Edin- tion, Disciples of Christ. Des tember 14th by some unknown person Moines, Iowa. burgh, where to the last his days were spent in the service of Africa. and without any conceivable reason. October 17-United Lutheran Church Mr. Speer was in his study at Mount in America Convention. Savannah, *** Hermon, Massachusetts, when a shot Ga. James H. Ingram. M.D., an hon- was fired through the window, strik- October 17-Seventy-fifth Anniver- orably retired missionary of the ing him in the chest and causing his sary of Hartford Seminary Founda- American Board, formerly connected tion, Hartford, Conn. death. Mr. Speer was born in Engle- with the hospital of the North China October 25-27-National Council of Union Medical College, was killed by wood, N. J., in 1898, the son of Dr. Young Men's Christian Associa- bandits on June 15th, while at his and Mrs. Robert E. Speer. The school tions, Statler Hotel, Cleveland, Ohio. summer bungalow near Peiping. Dr. was prospering under the leadership Ingram was graduated from the Uni- of. t~is beloved. and ~onored young November 5-Annual Spiritual Ad- versity of Pennsylvania's Medical De- prmcIpal. He IS surVIved by a wife vance Conference, Philadelphia Fed- partment, and sailed for China in and three young children. eration of Churches. 1887. He was first located at Tung- A SECURE INCOME November 1S-Men and Missions hsien and did pioneer medical work. Sunday. In 1919 he was active in relief work (431 to 9 per cent) in Siberia and took under his care a December 4-7 – Federal Council of transport with fifteen hundred sick To you and your dependents the Churches of Christ in America, Szechs. He was an authority on the Biennial Meeting. Dayton, O. derivation of Chinese words, was co- Regular author with Geo. D. Wilder, of the Obituary Notes "AnalYSis of Chinese Characters," and Generous translated a number of medical books Dr. R. B. Teusler, founder and di- into Chinese. He was one of the sur- Guaranteed rector of St. L~International vivors of the Siege of Peking in 1900 Hospital in Tokyo, di~on August and was loved and honored by the Unvarying 10th of heart disease. Dr. Teusler Chinese and by his fellow-missionwas born in Ro~, Georgia, 58 years aries. Your gift on the ago. After receiving his medical degree from the Medical College of Vir- *** ANNUITY ginia in 1894, he practiced in America PLAN and was a professor in a medical col- Dr. William C. Terril, who died lege until he went to Tokyo in 1900 May 4th in Portuguese East Africa, will provide it for you and make as missionary of the Protestant Epis- you a partner in telling the peocopal Church. He founded a small will be remembered for his pioneer ple of the world about Christ. clinic which in 30 years has grown work in cleansing the lepers. It was to be a five million dollar hospital. ————— This was opened on June 5, 1933, in at Inhambane Camp, founded by Dr. ERNEST F. HALL. Secretary the presence of the brother of the Terril, that the first help was given DEPARTMENT OF ANNUITIES Japanese Emperor and other officials. Presbyterian Board of It has beds for 500 patients and a to African lepers. Foreign Missions College for Nursing, accommodating 156 Fifth Annue. New York. N.Y. 200 students. It is operated under the Rev. Penn E*. M*oor*e, Baptist mis- Please send full informaauspices of the American Protestant tion about your annuity Episcopal Church but is directed by sionary in Assam for 30 years, died gift plan. an interdenominational committee. at Pinehurst, Florida, May 3, in his Name ………………….. . Aaares. …………•….•.•.. 79th year. He had only two fur- loughs in these 3'0 years. After his retirement he collected and sent large sums for the support of the work in Assam.

*** Miss Frances E. Crooks, appointed to Burma by the Baptist Woman's Foreign Mission Society in 1906, died suddenly of a heart attack July 1st ' at Bassein, Burma.

Mrs. H. E. '"Go*odm*an, long presi- dent of the Woman's American Bap- tist Foreign Mission Society, died in Chicago, July 31. While president of

MISSIONARY Church (U. S. A.) as a furloughed 10 DAYS TO YOKOHAMA •

missionary from Teheran, Persia, I shortest Pacific crossing . • . by REVIEW OF THE WORLD have repeatedly urged people, espe- sister-ships, Empress of Asia and cially ministers, to subscribe and read Empress of Russia. Or via Hono- DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Editor THE REVIEW." lulu in 3 days more on the Pacific speed queen, Empress ofJapan, or VOL. LVII OCTOBER,1934 No.10 REV. IVAN O. WILSON, Dayton, Ohio. on Empress of Canada.

ThirPdubalnicdatRioenilyanSdtsB., uHsianrersissbOufrfgic,e Pa. *** Luxurious First Class, excellent Editorial and Executive Office TouristClass, low-costThird Class. 156 Fifth Avenue, New York City "The June number on the Orientals FREQUENT SAILINGS .•. from Van- Entered as second-class matter at was perfectly great and I shall be couver (trains to ship-side) and glad to have the October issue." Victoria. Orient fares include pas- Post Office, Harrisburg, Pa., under Act sage from Seattle. Orient ports-of- of March 3, 1879. MISS ALMA J. NOBLE, Executive call: Yokohama, Kobe, Nagasaki, Secretary, The World Wide Guild. Shanghai, Hong Kong, Manila. 25 cents a copy-$2.50 a year. Reduced round-trip tares Foreign Postage, 50 cents a year. *** Booklets, information … from your Published monthly, except August. local agent, or any Canadian Pacific All rights reserved. Copyrighted 1934. "THE REVIEW is so admirable in agent: NewYork, Boston,Chicago, every respect I do not see how anyone St. Louis, San Francisco, Montreal, MISSIONARY REVIEW PUB- can resist it. And how it is needed in Toronto, Vancouver, Winnipeg, LISHING CO., INC. these troublous times!" and many other cities in United BOARD OF DIRECTORS States and Canada. MRS. ORRIN R. JUDD, Brooklyn, ROBERT E. SPEER, President N.Y. Go "Empress" .•. choice of two routes WM. I. OHAMBERLAIN, Vice-President WALTER McDOUGALL, Treasurer *** DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Secretary SAMUEL MCCREA CAVERT Marshall, Morgan & Scott, Ltd., MRS. ORRIN R. JUDD Publishers, 12 Paternoster Buildings, WM. B. LIPPHARD London, E. C. 4, are now the British ERIC M. NORTH agents for THE RIDVIEW. Subscrip- MILTON T. STAUFFER tions may be sent to them at the usual A. L. WARNSHUIS rates (10 shillings a year plus 2 shill- SAMUEL M. ZWEMER ings for foreign postage). Copies of current num,bers may also be obtained Editorial Chat from them at one shilling per copy.

Here is our special number on *** Japan. When you read it will you also recommend it to mission study A correction should be made in the classes and others interested in Japan personal item regarding Bishop John and its progress? McKim, D.D., which appeared in our September issue. Bishop McKim was A few articles, planned for this bishop of North Japan and has offered number, are necessarily held over un- his resignation, which has not yet til November. Among them is one by been acted upon. Dr. Albertus Pieters on "Present-Day Shinto"-a most interesting and valu- "There Go My Glasses!" able contribution; another is on "The History of Omi-Mission" – a very Save your eyes and your money unique self-supporting work. A third by using the is the fascinating story of "The Gospel in the Japanese Press"-the story K&M AUTOMATIC of newspaper evangelism; and there EYEGLASS HOLDER are others you will not wish to miss. Your Best Protection *** Against Loss or Breakage What will you do to help extend the Especiallv valuable to Missionaries and usefulness of ·THE REVIEW? Some others away from the base of supplies. friends are giving subscriptions, loaning copies, recommending it to others, Beautiful Designs. 75 cents to $2.00 each. using it in churches and societies. Will Guaranteed against defects. you help? Here are what some readers have to say: Write today for circular, or order a holder now from your dealer or from "May I telI you how very much I like the REVIEW and appreciate having [433 ] it come to the house every month. I admire it and enjoy reading it for its lack of controversy, its attention to things specifically Christian and religious, and its simple, clear evangelical tone. I am not exaggerating in the least when I say that I get more out of it than all of the other religious, or so-called religious, periodicals I read. After some of the others have left me tired and weary, I can pick up THE REVIEW with delight to restore a pleasant taste. I am recommending it to all my friends who have not yet known the pleasure of reading it."

REV. W. SHERMAN SKINNER, Beth- lehem, Pa.

*** "I have long admired THE MISSION- ARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD and in my promotion work for the Presbyterian

of Japan TouriRIt

A RELIGIOUS PROCESSION AT THE AOI FESTIVAL IN THE IMPERIAL PALACE GROUNDS, TOKiYO A CHRISTIAN DAMP FOR JAPANESE BOYS~WHERE BODY AND SOUL ARE STRENGTHENED Two VIEWS OF RELIGION IN JAPAN TODAY

NARY

REVIB ORLD VOLUME LVII AN INTERDENOMINATIONAL REVIEW OF WORLD-WIDE CHRISTIAN PROGRESS NUMBER TEN OCTOBER, 1934 Topics of the Times THE IMPORTANCE OF JAPAN more interesting. None can deny that they are Few Americans clearly understand the Jap- well educated, intelligent, ambitious, energetic and anese. Many distrust them, some fear them, influential. They are intensely artistic and yet others admire them, but few understand them. they are practical. They are philosophical and And yet it is increasingly important that we know scientific and have a keen sense of humor. Their their place in the life of the world, that we know history, customs and religion are worthy of careful something of their history and their character- study.

istics, that we understand them and cultivate 3. The history of Japan is unique and fascinat- friendly relations with them. ing. Japanese claim to be descended from "the The coming year is set aside by the Interdenomi- . Gods" and their present dynasty goes back 600 national Mission Study Committee for a general years. Eighty years ago they were isolated and study of Japan and the Japanese. It is ten years exclusive; the masses were ignorant and super- since this has been the foreign mission study topic stitious. The government and civilization were and great changes have taken place since then. primitive and she exerted no influence outside of It is eighty years since Commodore Perry effected her own small islands. Today Japan is the most a treaty with Japan, opening the country to for- literate country in the world. In eighty years she eign commerce and residence. The large number has made progress in government and commerce, of valuable books, pamphlets and articles being in education and industries, in science and social published offer a golden opportunity for the study reform such as required three hundred years for of this land and people of the Rising Sun. Here the nations of Europe. She has become the great- are some reasons for making the most of this op- est force in Asia and her influence extends to all portunity. lands. Japan is America's neighbor across the 1. The country of Japan is one of the most in- Pacific-for good or ill-and we cannot ignore teresting and picturesque in the world. It is an her if we would. There is no people with greater island empire, like Great Britain, and has a geo- loyalty to recognized government and ideals and graphical relation to Asia, similar to that of Great none more ready for self-sacrifice for honor or Britain to Europe. While the whole territory of loyalty. Japan proper comprises only about 150,000 square 4. Japan's religions are important and interestmiles or one-twentieth that of the United States (not including Alaska), the population numbers ing. Here is a people that profess three religions over 60,000,000 or 400 per square mile-ten times at once-Shinto, Buddhism and Confucianism. the density of population in the United States. All are worthy of study for they have truth and And yet 80 per cent of the land in Japan is not fit beauty. In Japan Buddhism has assumed its for farming. Of necessity the Japanese must be purest, most philosophical form. And yet these an industrial, an industrious and a colonizing or religions or philosophies have no clear revelation expanding and emigrating people. of the Eternal God, no adequate moral law, no Gospel of forgiveness of sin or sure promise of 2. The Japanese themselves are intensely inter- immortality.

esting and virile. That they are different from 5. The progress of Christianity in Japan has Americans and British, in their psychology, their been remarkable. In spite of fierce opposition in manners and customs and religion makes them still the early days, the number Qf disciples has grown [435 J

until there are some 260,000 evangelical Chris- pioneer missionaries and the spot where the first tians. Many of these are leaders in governmental Bible classes were held. From these small seedpositions, in education, in business, and in social lings there have grown today many great churches, reform as well as in moral and religious advance- schools, hospitals, Bible Institutes, a Christian Litment. Most of the churches are self-supporting erature Society representing an extensive work, and Christianity is now considered as an indige- and many thousands of Christian homes, as well nous religion. as Bible Society work and the Y. M. C. A. and Y. W. C. A. activities. 6. Japan has a future. She is "leading the Orient-but whither?" Already she has extended In our next number of THE REVIEW we expect her mantel of authority over Korea, Formosa, the to publish a full account of this celebration, writ- Caroline Islands and Manchuria. Everywhere she ten by one of the special representatives from goes Japan takes modern education, equipment, America, Dr. Francis Shunk Downs, of Berkeley, industrialism and commerce. Japan is now a mili- California. taristic nation, depending on a strong army and navy to protect her citizens and commerce and to The "Findings" of this Golden Jubilee Annicarry out her program. But the Japanese people versary reveal the aims and principles that have are a peace-loving race ready to be friendly with characterized this Presbyterian Mission; they other nations. It is worth while to cultivate their show the solid foundations on which the work has friendship and to promote understanding and co- been built and some of the secrets of success. operation. These findings are, in brief, as follows: 7. Finally and firstly, the Japanese are potential 1. The Place of the Chdstian Scriptures. We record Christians. They have souls made for immortal- the conviction that the unique and dominant place given ity; they are men and women for whom Christ tQ instruction in the Scriptures has been the outstanding died and to them He calls His disciples to declare factor through these 50 years in the evangelization of His Gospel of Love and Life. Unregenerated the Korea. Our commission being to proclaim the superna- Japanese may become the greatest menace to the tural revelation of God's plan of salvation from sin, reworld's peace; regenerated they may become the demptiQn through grace, the mission believes that the most loyal disciples and the greatest missionaries Bible should have the preeminent place in all our work. of Christ that the world has known. They may become human mediators between the East and 2. Biblical Instruction. The very large development the West, between God and men. of the system of Bible classes and conferences and the short term Bible institutes in every station have been a It is worth while to study Japan and the Japa- prime factor in the conservation of the Church and in nese. It is more worth while to win them to its extension. Christ and His service. 3. Self-support. It has been accepted that the estab- SECRETS OF SUCCESS IN KOREA lishment of the Church as the God-given instrument for the proclamation of the Gospel is the responsibility of One of the outstanding examples of effective the mission, but that the financial support of the Church missionary work is that carried on for the past is the responsibility of the Church itself. Self-supPQrt half-century in Korea. Both American Presby- is a basic factor in the establishment and proper developterians and American Methodists have been in ment of the Church and its institutions. that field for fifty years and have had remarkable spiritual results. The Presbyterian Church has 4. Standards of Christian Living. We believe that recently celebrated the beginning of Protestant Scriptural standards of Christian living should be asserted missions in Korea by special anniversary meet- and maintained and that those coming short of standards ings. The early history of the work in the "Her- should be dealt with sympathetically but without IQwermit Nation" was reviewed, the remarkable prog- ing the standards. ress was noted, the ideals and forces were revalued, and plans for the future were proposed. 5. Every Missionary an Evangelist. We believe that The keynote of the celebration was "What God every missionary should have a distinct evangelistic as- Hath Wrought." Besides the Korean Christians signment of work. and the missionaries, there were visitors from America, Japan, Manchuria, China, Siam and 6. Missionary Spirit in Korean Church. We believe India. The historic spots, made memorable in that the missionary spirit in the Korean Church should the history of Christianity in Korea, were visited be stimulated and that the whole influence of the memand the early persecutions, sacrifices and tri- bers of the mission should be exerted in maintaining umphs were recalled. These sites included those foreign missiQnary activity. of the first chapel, the original mission hospital, the first Christian book shop, the homes of the 7. Mission Educational Work. We believe in the prin- ciple of "The Gospel for the people and education for the Christians," as a guiding principle helping to de- termine the purpose and purview of mission educational work, which is to be Christian education for the Church, not secular edu<,;.ation for the public.

8. Mission Medical Work. We reassert our convictioh that medical work should be continued and should be of a high professional order. We record the conviction that all of our hospitals should continue to make provision fQr bringing the Gospel message to all patients, and also for encouraging the whole medical and nursing staff to do personal work in presenting the Gospel, they having unusual opportunities to make· a plea for acceptance of Christ.

TOPICS OF THE TIMES

9. Christian Literature. The mission regards the pro- lavish; institutions were large and growing, and duction of a well-written, strongly evangelical, up-to-date, were looked upon as evidences of real power or Christian literature as of primary importance in the pres- of spiritual fruitage; approval of men was misent stage of development of the Christian movement in taken for the approval of God. There was need Korea. to stop and think; to examine the guide book, 10. Social Service. The mission, realizing the seri- ousness of the many and far reaching social problems we the sign posts and the road; to check up on the are facing throughout the land, suggests that the mem- machinery and on our relation to the Source of bers in each station seek to acquaint themselves with Power. The recent and present dangers that these problems and endeavor to awaken the Korean threaten the work have caused caution; a slack- Church to a sense of its responsibility for more active ening of pace has been accompanied by more effort to remedy these conditions.

11. Christian Religious Education. We recognize the prayer and a closer study of the essentials of importance of religious education, the content of which safety and progress. should be distinctly Christian. In the inception and development of the Christian life we would emphasize the Some missionaries, executives and supporters responsibility of the Christian family. of the work of Christ have always emphasized the 12. Women's Work. Deploring the inferior position prime importance of prayer, of dependence on accorded Oriental women, we believe in distinctly wom- God, of acceptance and study of the Bible as the en's work for women in order that they may receive ade- Word of God, of faith in Christ and His atonequate instruction and opportunities for leadership. ment for sin as the Gospel message, and of sacri- ficial Christ-like life and service. Other workers 13. Comity. We believe that our efforts in comity have at home and abroad have allowed secondary aims resulted in the elimination of strife, competition and waste. We reaffirm our belief in the great advantage to the work of the division of territory between the de- and activities to obscure the primary. The period nominations. of "depression," with all its hardships has thus led to a reemphasis of spiritual aims and realities 14. Devolution of Mission Institutions. Rejoicing in -these include personal evangelism, Bible study, the independent self-government of the Korean Church prayer, loyalty to Christ, spiritual unity and and its response to the principle of self support, we recognize that more and more the government, control and support of the mission institutions should become the Christlike living. Mission Board executives are responsibility of the Church, and we record our readiness today emphasizing this need; so are the missionto transfer these institutions to Korean control just as aries, and many well informed supporters of the rapidly as proves to be possible and wise. work. Weare beginning to realize more than THE NEED FOR SPIRITUAL EMPHASIS ever that what we need most is new spiritual life, before we can have spiritual power and As long as the road is clear and smooth a driver growth.

is inclined to speed and to congratulate himself With this conviction in mind – more or less on his ability to control his machine. When the clearly-a National Committee for Religious and road is dark or rough, or when danger is threat- Welfare Recovery has recently been formed which ening, a wise man drives carefu,lly. At any time it is hoped will reach out and enlist members in he will do well to make sure that his gas, his every section of America. The committee pro- oil, his battery, his brakes are all right while he poses to launch a campaign which has for its pri- looks out for others as well as himself, and obeys mary objective a mobilization of the religious and the rules of the road. welfare forces. Every religiously inclined person In missionary work, as in personal life, when is urged to attend a religious service on October the outlook is encouraging, when income is steady 7th, which is designated as Loyalty Sunday. Its and sufficient, when health is good and the whole slogan is "Turning to God."

organization is running smoothly then those at Walter W. Head is chairman of the committee the wheel are tempted to be over-confident, believ- of more than 200 nationally-known leaders of re- ing that their aim is true, and their methods are ligious, educational and character-building organ- beyond criticism, and that the results will be satis- izations. On the list are 31 pastors, priests and factory. But danger may lie just ahead and a rabbis, 20 college presidents, educators and editors, breakdown may be imminent. The Psalmist con- 79 national officers of church benevolent boards, fesses: "In my prosperity I said: 'I shall never and 45 prominent laymen of the Catholic, Protes- be moved.''' But he was wrong. tant and Jewish faiths. The program for strength- In days when incomes were increasing, new ening and undergirding the moral and spiritual workers were being sent out, and mission work forces of the nation include "Fellowship Mon- was advancing, then, too, many Mission Boards day," when all pastors, priests and rabbis, church yielded to the temptation to be over confident. and welfare leaders in each city and community, Activity was mistakenly thought to be a sign of will be expected to meet and discuss how this ob- vitality, confidence was considered an indication jective may be attained. In "Mobilization Week,"

of wisdom and strength, bigness was confused (October 1-6) every welfare organization will be with success. Expenditures were inclined to be asked to support the campaign for 100 per cent

church attendance on October 7. From December political implications. The views expressed were 9 to 16, International Golden Rule Week will courageous and definite but the requirements of have as its goal the practical application of the courtesy were observed in all discussions.

Golden Rule by every church member and citizen, The Congress furnished an opportunity for prosacrificing some of the customary luxuries to give moting better understanding. German Baptists help to the needy at home and in other lands. have been wounded by the tone of certain com- Our convictiop is that this program is too gen- ments upon them by their brethren abroad. eral and too shallow to be effective. Wholesale A resolution of the Executive Committee was "cures" and half way measures are disappoint- adopted as follows: ing and inadequate. Repentance for sin, a real The members of the Executive Committee rejoiced to turning toward God by faith in Christ, and spirit- . hear that, in the present conditions of Germany, German ual new birth are essential for individuals and for Baptists have not compromised on essential Baptist prinorganizations, if there is to be an abiding change ciples, but have steadfastly maintained their witness to in the present conditions-individual, ecclesiasti- the spiritual freedom of the Church of Christ and the cal, national and world-wide. We need to learn duty and privilege of the Church to serve all men of by practical experience the meaning of obedience whatever race or nationality for whom Christ died.

to the two Great Commandments: "Thou shalt Reichsbischop Mueller invited a number of the love the Lord thy God with all thy heart …. ; and delegates to meet him in order that he might thy neighbor as thyself." These understood and make the following statement (summarized): put into practice will make a new world. But "There is no question of a compulsory incorporathis is impossible without new life from Christ tion of the Baptist churches in the Reichskirche." and an experience of constant guidance and power from the Spirit of God. Therefore spiritual em- German Baptists are a comparatively small phasis is needed, and spiritual regeneration if we and poor people, but they showed evidences of are to have success in the work of God. true hospitality and Christian strength.

Resolutions adopted at the Congress included THE BAPTISTS IN BERLIN those on The German Baptist Movement, Re- ligious Repression in Russia and The Russian The Fifth Baptist World Congress was held in Famine; also resolutions on Peace, and on Charles Berlin, Germany, August 4 to 10, and was a not- Haddon Spurgeon, whose birth occurs this year. able occasion. The attendance was larger than A resolution on Racialism emphasized the fact the gathering in Stockholm, in 1923, the gather- that despite all differences of race, there is in ing was eminently successful in spite of the fact Christ an all-embracing unity, so that in Him that many thought the disturbed conditions in it can be claimed with deepest truth there is Germany made such a congress there inadvisable. "neither Greek nor Jew, circumcision nor uncir- cumcision barbarian scythian, bond nor free, but The impression was profound. German news- Christ is all and in all." Another resolution papers published many articles on Baptists but was adopted on The Church and State, expressdid not discuss the present issues. Such news- ing the conviction that "any interference with the papers as the Tageblatt, the Deutsche Allgemeine freedom of the Church is an intrusion between Zeitung, Der Tag, and others had much to say God and His people and that to limit the liberty of Baptists whose distinctive message was not of the Church is to hinder the working out of ignored. They were not wholly inarticulate in God's purpose of redemption for mankind through respect to the resolutions passed and it was more his people. a matter for surprise that so much was freely printed rather than that so much was suppressed. Dr. George Truett, of Dallas, Texas, was elected The radio was open on two occasions, one for a president of the Baptist World Alliance, the nation-wide broadcast which included addresses vice-presidents of which include, Dr. A. W.

by Dr. Truett and Dr. Clifton Gray, Dr. J. H. Beaven, of Rochester, and Dr. Simoleit, of Ger- Rushbrooke, a Chinese Baptist, an East Indian, many; the Rev. B. A. Nag, of India; the Rev.

and a South American. Manoel Avelino,of Brazil; Mr. J. A. Packer, There was no governmental interference with editor of the Australian Baptist; Principal Nord- the program which had been drawn up nearly strom, of Stockholm and Dr. L. K. Williams, rep- three years ago before the National Socialists resenting the Negro race. The ex-president of came into power, nor was there any suggestion the Alliance, Dr. John MacNeill, was also re- of modification though it was obvious that on such tained as an officer of the Alliance; Dr. J. H.

subjects as Nationalism or Racialism, or the re- Rushbrooke continues as secretary, and Dr. Clif- lations of Church and State, an international Bap- ton Gray as honorary associate secretary. The tists Assembly would express opinions which had next Congress is to be held in Atlanta, Georgia.

a Problem-or a Challenge?

-..ai By the REV. CHARLES WHEELER IGLEHART, D.D.

Tokyo }54-.- Missionary of the Methodist Episcopal Church O F ALL the problems in our modern troubled have their place, while the history of twenty cen- world Japan stands in the forefront, at turies is telescoped before our eyes. The build- once the most civilized and the most pro- ings, the means of communication, the dress of vocative, the most perplexing nation in the East. the people, the art, the music, the literature, the medical science, the standards of ethics, the re- She is a problem to the countries of Asia. China ligious symbols-everything is in the melting pot, seems to confront her at every point where a and the product is both East and West, and not dawning national life desires expression. Russia quite either the one or the other. has once faced her in battle and appears to be preparing for another encounter. Korea has gone While this is of engaging interest to the tourunder her yoke. As for the other countries of the ist, to Japan it is nothing less than a spiritual Orient, they all look to her with a disillusioned crisis involving life and death. Many times in the fear. Thirty years ago not a liberal leader from past she has had to assimilate one after another Manila to Cairo but turned to Japan as the com- of the cultural streams that have come eastward ing champion of a new Asia to save the tinted across the world until they stopped at her shores. peoples from the oncoming dominance of the Her history has been a long succession of periods Western "powers." Today they fear as they see of receptivity to new ideas and then of incubation her join the West;-a power herself-adopting until she has made them her own. The last of its grim philosophy of arms and of national ex- these periods, during which she achieved national pansion in what they deem the great apostasy of unity from a clannish feudalism, was abruptly the East. brought to an end by the sharp prows of Com- modore Perry's fleet-our act of coercion which Japan is a problem to the West, as well. Re- resulted in all the dizzy changes of life and luctantly accepted as our peer in many fields, she thought that make life the problem it is for Japan is yet an enigma. Her reactions are different; today. her thinking seems remote from ours. Her economic competition is touching every exporting She thought to save her life by taking on the and importing nation on earth; her shipping, her protective defenses of the West; to learn the manufactures, her international banking-all secret of power by science, education, and con- have their repercussions throughout the world. stitutional government; and to keep all her own The American people, too, view Japan as very best culture while adding what she might choose from the spiritual wealth of the world. But who much of a problem. She is our nearest neighbor among the sons of men has wisdom sufficient for to the west, but we do not desire her as a neigh- such a task, and where in human history has any bor. She is most close to us in her organization nation changed the course of fifteen hundred of society, her development of material civiIiza- years' growth within the span of a single lifetion, and in her view of life, yet of all the peoples time? What has happened is that with the conof the East we like her the least. Racially she fusion of the new and old, the East and West, all chafes us; economically she both serves us and standards are in danger of being lost, and the irritates us with her cheap goods. Politically she splendid Japanese character, noblest of all the puzzles us; and she is looked upon by many as gifts of the past to her, has disintegrated. the "enemy" of our pyramiding naval defense. The demands of an industrial life are exacting, But if Japan is a problem to the rest of the -and Japan with her population half the number world, how much more of a problem must life be of ours crowded into her chain of rocky islands as it presents itself to Japan herself! The visitor the size of California cannot escape the fate of a to that island empire finds himself fascinated by city, manufacturing civilization in the years the life everywhere about him. The East is there, ahead. But the resources for this, the iron, coal but it is interpenetrated by the West as well. and oil are not to be had at home. Thus there has Life is modern, to be sure, but it is medireval, and grown up the Manchurian myth, of a life or death it is ancient also. In the intriguing medley of a dependence upon the undeveloped physical wealth Tokyo street all the cultures of the earth seem to [439 ]

of the mainland next door. And for this Japan, tion of this idol worship in America is Japan's who in all the two thousand years of her history first challenge to us. never once fought a war against her neighbor Not only are we a pattern for Japan, but we China, has now in the last four decades three share in the causes of her troubles and her sins. times taken up arms. Today in her policies she is We need not dwell on the effect of our discriminadaring the condemnation of the world, but she tory tariffs. Quite legal they are, but by them sees no alternative if she is to live. millions of Japanese silk-raisers and laborers are thrown into a state of confusion and economic de- Furthermore, her problems are not all at home. spair; as a resldt social disorders arise with She was invited into an open world by us eighty which their government is powerless to deal. years ago. Today the world is closing. Trade barriers, immigration laws, price wars, and po- By our immigration exclusion policy we relitical alignments in the West are a chilling nega- buffed an unoffending friend and flung her back, tion to the expansive mood which we then asked stinging under legislation that was viewed as an her to share. Her head is swimming and fear insult, to a more determined accomplishment of clutches at her heart. "destiny" on the mainland of Asia. Our naval expansion-nearly one billion dollars having been To the Christian every problem is a challenge, voted this year-has left the entire world breathand Japan is a conspicuous example. Just because less with amazement, and has driven Japan to a she so completely and extremely typifies the prob- frenzy of fear, in which state of mind she is lems of modern life she offers us a challenging ready to go into bankruptcy through over-taxa- tion rather than leave herself the possible victim of our power. Our Atlantic and Pacific fleets have remained in the waters of the Pacific for three long, provocative years, with no apparent cause, except Japan. Can anyone doubt our share in the causes for Japan's militarism?

And Japan, whatever may be her sins in Asia, has yet to make her first move of disloyalty or unfriendliness to her neighbor-nation across the Pacific. The second challenge, then is that of Christian good sportsmanship. Let us lay aside our unworthy suspicions, and our haughty pride, and ourselves exhibit that trust of others coupled with inner integrity which we are asking of Japan. Here is a task at home worthy of the ST. LUKE'S INTERNATIONAL MEDICAL CENTER, TOKYO mettle of every true follower of Christ.

This work was begun in 190-0 by Dr. Rudolf B. Teusler, a Mis- A further challenge is for us to cease thinking sionary of the American Protestant E:piscopal Church. He began of Japan in impersonal national and political in a one-room shack and in two years built a small hospital. Last terms, and hold out to them arms of human year the large Medical Center was opened. friendliness as individuals. If we would do that our harsh judgments and our fears would disapsummons to solve them. By this we mean, the pear, for we would find them as lovably human as challenge to look within our own hearts, and to any people on earth. Missionaries in Japan rate set our own house in order that we may be an high in life insurance actuaries, and very few example to her. For if we think we are spectators have died a violent death. In fact they are usually in this Far-eastern struggle we are making the treated as guests and kinsfolk from the day they terrible mistake, caused only by ethical blindness. arrive until they lay down their work, many of The pattern of American life is more creative of them to spend their last days in simple homes standards in Japan than all the sermons preached built from the slender funds of loving Japanese by missionaries. friends as a testimony of loyal gratitude.

The noblest Japanese spirits are grieving over their people's worship of false gods. These are not the harmless, picturesque Shinto deities of Touching stories of kindliness from neighbors, mountain and glen and sky, but a modern trinity and even from strangers could be multiplied from of gods of death-Moloch, the lust of the flesh; the experience of almost any American Christian Mammon, the lust of the world; and Mars, the worker in Japan. We are convinced that this lust of power-have pushed the other objects of same almost romantic outburst of loyalty would worship aside. Is every altar to this composite be the reward of all American people if they were Anti-Christ torn down from our own hearts or to make an investment of initial friendliness to from our own society today? A general repudia- the Japanese nation. If we won their hearts we

JAPAN, A PROBLEM-OR A CHALLENGE?

might save them from the madness of their pres- Can we leave these Japanese Christians unaided ent course. by our comradeship in service and prayer?

And when we come to the Christian scene the In 1923, when Japan was broken by earthquake, whole situation is challenging. Christ is walking we cast across the Pacific a bridge of silver gifts. in Japanese society today just as surely as He is It has never been forgotten, and today challenges on the Indian road, or treading the highways of our commonwealth, and He is torn asunder when The late Dr . R. B. Teusler , h ead of St. Luke's Hospital, Tokyo, our hearts are turned away from His brothers of s howing H . R. H. Prince Takamatsu of Japan, and the American the East. There is scarcely an area of life or Ambassador, the new Medical Center EqUipment. thought in Japan where His words and deeds are not making their creative imprint on character. us to a greater feat. It is nothing less than the No one can count the unknown Japanese disciples flinging of a golden span of personal love and who love Him in the quiet, or perhaps in the timid- sympathy and sacrifice across the yawning gulf ity of their inner hearts, and who yearn for that of suspicion, fear and selfishness that divides us. evidence of loving fellowship from the West that Across such a bridge alone can our Lord move to would confirm their hopes that He is indeed the win the world. divine centre of a brotherhood that shall take in the whole world. THIS IS THE CHALLENGE OF JAPAN.

Of all the challenging voices from Japan, the The Burden of Japan Macedonian plea from the Japanese Church rings loudest in our ears. We pause to let pass before A Prayer our memory the panorama of Japanese Christians whom we have known all these years and have By TOYOHIKO KAGAWA admired for the purity of their lives and the rich- Take ThQU the burden, Lord; ness of their faith. They flood upon us-sweet- I am exhausted with this heavy load. faced little children, manly young lads, gentle maidens, young mothers, strong men on the farm My tired hands tremble, and in the office and in the school, and many And I stumble, stumble, ripened saints who came into the faith before we did, and whom we shall never overtake in our Along the way. soul's pilgrimage toward the City of God. Oh, lead with Thine unfailing arm Think of the challenging gravity of their task. Again today. Insignificant in numbers-they enroll but a half Unless Thou hold me, Lord, of one per cent of the total population-they know The road I journey on is all too hard; themselves to be the leaven of Japanese society, Through trust in Thee alone the "city set upon a hill." They must maintain Can I go on. their own experience of Christian redemption Not for self thus do I groan; against a pagan environment. And how deeply My country is the load I bear. they meditate, how fervently they pray, how joy- Lord, hear my prayer. ously they sing and how bravely they serve in May Thy strong hand their Church life! Strike off the chains of my loved land. God, draw her close to Thee! Beyond this these Japanese Christians feel a sense of mission to save their people. Particu- -Translated by Lois Erickson. larly does the Kingdom of God Movement undertake this colossal task. As the churches of the Protestant bodies swing into line under the challenging motto: "Thy kingdom come! In my heart; in my world!" the pulses of Christians in America who number half our total population and have not yet struggled our way up to that banner -must beat more quickly. Such daring calls us too to become heroes for Him. Kagawa, the Godappointed leader of the Movement says: "I call myself God's gambler, for I have staked my all on Him; and I can not lose."

In rural communities, and also in city factory lif~, the Japanese church is moving on to the conquest of poverty, degradation and sin by loving service and by the testimony of faith in the Christ.

INTERESTING FAOTS ABOUT JAPAN* AREA-Japan proper 152,357; total area (including Chosen, Taiwan, etc.) 265,129 miles (about size of California and Washington). 47 prefectures with 104 cities, 1,700 towns and 10,109 villages. 5 large islands-Hondo, Kiushiu, Shikoku, Hakkaido, Taiwan (Formosa).

POPULATION-83,456,929 (including 19,500 in Chosen and 3,993,408 in Taiwan, of whom 70 % live in rural districts. 22 cities with over 100,000 inhabitants each. The Japanese population is about one-half that of the United States.

RELIGIONS: Shinto-Native religion, with Emperor Worship. 13 sects with 49,567 principal shrines, 62,883 minor shrines and 14,804 priests. This religion combines nature worship, with an- cestor and hero worship. Buddhism-Entered 550 A. D. 12 sects and 56 sub-sects; adherents, 49,500,000; 71,329 tem- ples and 35,048 minor shrines; 54,650 priests and priestesses. Confucian ethics are accepted by most of the educated higher classes. Christianity-with 1,522 churches and 2,895 licensed Japanese preachers of Protestant, Ro- man and Greek Catholic Churches. Protestant Christianity enrolls about 230,000 mem- bers in some 3,000 Churches.

CHRISTIAN MISSIONs-First Catholic mission, 1549, by Frances Xavier.

First Protestant Mission, 1859. First Japanese Protestant Church, Yokohama, 1872. First Greek Orthodox work begun 1861. Protestant communicants in Japan proper; 185,387.

64% of the missionaries labor among 82% of the popUlation, while 93.60/0 of the foreign workers are stationed among 18% of the population-those living in cities.

PROTESTANT PROGRESS (In Japan-not including Korea, Formosa and the Mandated Islands) : Missionary societies, 60. Missionaries, 1,130 (ordained men, 276; single women, 465). Japanese force, 4,807 (ordained pastors and evangelists, 1,495). Stations, 108; outstations, 764; organized churches, 2,2'05. Communicants, 185,387; added in year, 15,510; total constituency (including Roman and Greek Catholics), 350,000. Contributed by Japanese Christians (in 1932), Yen 2,364,148. Sunday school enrolment, 225,303. Christian school enrolment, 42,800. Roman Catholics, 79,983. Greek Orthodox Church; 38,104 adherents.

GENERAL INFORMATION: Mythical period, "Age of the Gods." Empire founded 660 B. C. (Timeof Manasseh, King of Judah). Legendary Period, 660 B. C. to 480 A. D. Portuguese discovered Japan 1542 A. D. Xavier came in 1549. Persecution of Christians began in 1617. Japan opened to foreigners by Commodore Perry, 1853-1854. Constitutional government instituted Feb. 11, 1889.. Edicts against Christianity promulgated, 1682; renewed in 1868; repealed, 1873 Currency-The Yen (100 sen) is normally worth about 50 cents.

• Compiled mainly from the "Statesman's Year Book" and the "Christian Movement in Japan."-EmToR.

Views of

Achievements, Failures, and Present Opportunities of Missionaries as Seen by Japanese Christians A Symposium Arranged By REV. E. C. HENNIGAR, Tokyo, Japan Some Remarkable Achieve.. operation. It does not necessarily come into con- ments flict with racialism. But racialism is often apt to degenerate into isolated nationalism and also By REV. S. IMAI aggressive imperialism. It can only be saved by ethical ideas. Pastor Central Tabernacle (Methodist), Tokyo Protestantism has been in Japan for little more T HE Japanese history, after the Restoration than 70 years. When we think of the time ele- of Meiji, can be divided generally into three ment, we should not mention failures-the achieve- parts: ments are really the wonders. It is remarkable to First: Meiji era ……. 1868-1912 see that so many of the present leaders in Japan Second: Taisho era …. 1912-1926 have received some sort of moral influence from Third: Showa era …… 1926- missionaries in their lives. But, what will be the possible failure? For this, we might say that mis- The chief characteristic of the first period was sionaries inevitably brought the nationalized an uncritical attitude in imitating Western civili- Christianity with them from the countries whence zation. This expressed itself in economy as capi- they came. Many Japanese did not feel at home talism; in politics as democracy; and in religion with it. This can be seen not only in Christianity as Christianity. Under such conditions, the thing but also in political and social institutions as well. which represented and promulgated the Western Dress specially made for an adult does not fit chil- civilization most effectively in this country was dren, and the dress made for Western people was none other than Christianity. The Meiji era is too big for Japanese, in the beginning. very significant as a rebirth of Japanese civilization. The leadership which came under the influ- Missionaries are, of course, missionaries of Christian churches. But, at the same time, they ence of missionaries, in that period, was a strong naturally represent the countries where they come one. For this Japan can never be too thankful. from. Consequently, the vicissitudes of the civili- In the second period-The Taisho era-we find zation in their home lands can not but influence that, after the outcome of the World War, Japan their actions. Therefore, whether the mission- began to take a more criUcal and sceptical attitude aries can contribute to the future problems in towards European civilization in general. Conse- Japanese lives depends greatly on the condition of quently, average minds in this country lost their their own countries-how strongly the Christian uncritical attitude which they had maintained all spirit is influencing the political and economic life through the first period towards the work of mis- of the country.

sionaries. This may be one of the chief reasons If each country in Europe and America were why the work of missionaries showed an appear- Christianized to its heart, the effect of missionaries ance of decadence in comparison with that of the from those countries would be multiplied. preceding period. Japanese consciousness, or, shall I say "Japanese The third period-that is, the Showa era-is a spirit," at present, shows rather a militaristic apself-conscious period. This is a time when we feel pearance. But 58 per cent of the people in Japan as though we have learned what we can from the are farmers, and the farmers want peace more West, and Japan of the past finds its positive self- than anything else. The philosophy of Japanese assertion. Naturally, in all phases of our lives, farmers is a philosophy of peace, and their relithe racial mind is in ascendancy. gion is that of peace.

It can be seen that one of the most general dan- The thoughts and practices of Ninomiya Songers, in such a time, is a tendency towards racial toku, who is still the idol of worship of Japanese egoism as well as racial exclusiveness. The inter- farmers, are one hundred per cent pacifism. It is national expression of Christiantiy is world co- a mistaken assumption to regard the Japanese [ 443]

mind as essentially militaristic. Militarism is one form a Board which would unite the Mission of the evils which they have learned from the Boards of the sending churches and the Japanese West. The true Japanese mind which is essen- Mission Board. Going one step further, let the tially peace-loving, longs for cooperation with the missionaries work under the Japanese Church, messengers of peace in Western countries. We leaving the control of both personnel and finances need a missionary-a true prophet who would entirely with the Japanese. In a word, the mis- criticize Japanese militarism without fear and sions should cease doing something from the out- who would, at the same time, open his own eyes to side and should cooperate from within.

the egoism as well as to the militarism rampant in all countries in the world in the present age. The Future Policy Japan needs the rea:l cooperation of the West! By REV. YUGORO CHIBA, D.D. One very effective method has been that of English teaching. Many young men and women of this country have come in contact with the per- President of the Baptist College, Yokohama, and Chairman of sonalities of missionaries through their English the National Christian Council of Japan studies and have had their eyes opened to Chris- I T IS only seventy years since the Christian tianity. But, all through the three periods, the churches beyond the seas opened mission work most effective element of the missionary work has in Japan. The great influence that Christibeen the personalities of the missionaries them- anity has achieved in our country is a real source selves. In other words, the thing which Japan of wonder today, an influence not at all measured wants most at the present time is the personality by the number of churches or number of church which is itself burning with the real spirit of members. Christianity has driven its roots down Christ. deep into the thought and life of the people. Not only has it had a great influence of the general Success and Mistakes culture of Japan but it has touched and stimu- lated Buddhism, Shintoism and the other religions By REV. WATARU SABA of the country. .

Pastor of Omori Presbyterian Church, Tokyo, and former To take one illustration near at hand, it is said Moderator of the General Assembly that no less than fifty members of the Imperial Diet are either now active church members or have T HE success of Christian missions in Japan is been connected with the church in the past. Fifty due to the fact of the superior personality of out of over four hundred is no small proportion. the early missionaries and their ability to Also in the business world, the educational world, make a great contribution to the culture of the in science and art not a few leaders are Christians.

then only half-open Japanese Empire. We still remember that four or five years ago three Among the mistakes or weaknesses of missions of the five Imperial Universities had Christian we have to note that although the culture of this presidents. Judging from this, if within the next country has advanced until it stands on a par with few years the overseas churches were to withdraw the culture of other countries, and has thrown up their missions from Japan, while there would be some great personalities, the quality of the mis- some delay in the work and even retreat on some sionaries who come to these shores seems to be, if fronts, there would be absolutely no danger of we may say so, rather deteriorating than other- Christianity dying out in our country. Christi- wise. In view of this, :it is only to be expected that anity has driven its roots deep into the national the range of the activities of the missionaries, soil and has become a national possession.

handicapped as they are by language and customs, The primary reason for such a phenomenal ad- will naturally shrink. Missionaries also find great vance in so short a time lies, of course in the na- difficulty in this day in attempting to do a really ture of Christianity itself. It must also be recog- strong piece of work, standing as they do between nized that the early missionaries were very wise the Mission Boards of the sending countries on in their policy. They did not limit their activities the one hand and the Mission Boards of Japan on to merely preaching the Gospel in person. They the other. set up a strong program for the educaJtion of a One feels acutely, therefore, that the missions- Japanese ministry. They selected the most prom- since by their aid the Japanese Church is ap- ising men for study abroad and then used them proaching the place where it can stand alone- widely in the work of evangelism. Certain bodies should with a gr.eat decision attempt a reorganiza- where the early missionaries limited their activi- tion. Throwing aside a system of cooperation that ties to direct evangelistic work and put Christian is cooperative in name only, not standing apart education definitely in second place show little from or ignoring the Japan Church, they should progress.

JAPANESE VIEWS OF MISSIONS

As to the wisest policy for the future-in the cially of girls, and social philanthropic work, which evangelistic work the missions should gradually is said to have been enormously developed in redecrease the subsidies given to the Japanese cent years in Japan, have practically all been startchurches. This will be in the interest of self- ed by Christians. The idea of brotherhood, the support and self-propagation. In the educational recognition of the proper place of women and chilfield, unless we are willing to abandon the high dren in the social order, the idea of monogamy and standards set up for Christian education, one of the number of international peace movements, all two things will be needed, either the overseas of which are advocated by the majority of Japachurches must continue their support for a period nese today, are also of Christian origin. of time or else a way must be found to make the schools independent by securing an adequate en- 2. Splendid as missionaries' achievements are, dowment. At present our Christian schools are there are yet some mistakes in their work. Japan forced into a weak pos·ition by stress of economic is one of oldest countries in the world. lIt has a circumstances. They are compelled, in order to history of three thousand years and its own civilisecure income from fees, to take in too large a zation at its back. Without studying these things number of students (one school of middle grade and knowing the fundamental thoughts and ideals takes over 1,000 students, over 60 in each class), of the people it is imprudent to preaoh; that is like and secondly, because they cannot give adequate sowing seed without adequate know~edge of the salaries to teachers they are letting down their nature of the soil. Most of the missionaries I have standards. In this way the schools are becoming known have made this mistake. This seems to be commercialized and are departing from the high one of the reasons why Christianity has not penestandards of Christian education. We hope that trated the heart of Japan, and why there are many the overseas churches, who have given so self- backsliders among converts. sacrificingly of men, money and prayer for the evangelization of Japan, will carefully study how A feeling of superiority on the part of missionthey may best crown their great contribution to aries as to race, wealth and civilization is another our country. hindrance in approaching certain classes of Japa- nese. The material help which is so generously The Past, Present and Future given by them and welcomed by some people is often the cause of dislike and opposition to others. By RT. REV. P. V. MATSUI 3. Japan still needs missionaries, whatever may Protestant Episcopal Bishop of Tokyo be the impression otherwise. The nature of their work has changed with the growth of the Japanese THE missionary enterprise in Japan has proved Church, but it does not follow that the need for to be a great success. Since the coming of the them has diminished. first missionaries, nearly fourscore years ago, nearly three thousand churches have been estab- Let me mention some of the spheres of work in lished, most of them now self-supporting. There which missionaries are still needed. They are are 1,608 ordained ministers and 901 lay workers, needed, both men and women, for work among while there are about 200,000 Protestant Chris- students. Hostels for stUdents in the universities tians. Yearly gifts to church work from native of the great cities are greatly needed and Chrissources have amounted to Y 2,810,000. A large tian hostels are the best. Then they are needed part of these achievements are due to missionary as school teachers, teaching English, for which efforts of Christians in America and England. there are opportunities open in all parts of Japan. Their services in establishing self-supporting, self- An earnest Chris·tian teacher is a great power. controlling and self-expansive indigenous churches Also a limited number of specially prepared men have been invaluable. They have prepared the are needed for the theological colleges. Christian ground for the future evangelization of the whole missionary doctors are needed for the work of hoscountry. Moreover there are a number of native pitals and dispensaries which should be opened in Christian leaders whose learning, knowledge and many parts of Japan outside the great cities. personality far exceed that shown by men and Women missionaries are~till very greatly needed. women in other communities, and because this is In connectiop with the churches, especially the so remarkably the case Christianity in this coun- newer ones, there is a great sphere for district try is honored and looked up to by the Government evangelistic work by women only. The opportuniand the public as a trust-worthy religion. ties for personal work and teaching are in most cases more than one missionary can fill. The high It should also be noted that Christian influence educational standard now open to the girls and upon the thought and idea.ls of the nation has been young women creates a wonderful sphere and opremarkably great. Education, for instance, espe- portunity for Christian evangelistic work among them.

There is always work in connection with the churches in both town and country, to which all

missionaries can lend a hand. The ordained mis- 3. They have been wonderfully successful, more sionaries can act as ministers-in-charge in the than in any other thing, in producing the promi- younger and less developed churches, which as yet nent leaders by their professional contact, leaders ~annot support a Japanese pastor. They can direct not only in Christian circles but also in the wider much of the church work and evangelistic efforts, sphere in every branch of social activity. We often and be real missioners in the district. try to imagine what a different world this would Every part of the field in the whole country have been if the missionaries had not followed up needs men and women of deep spiritual experi- the conquering military powers and the commer- ence and broad outlook, who are ready to come in cial forces of exploitation!

the spirit of Him Who "came not to be ministered It is rather an easy matter to point out mistakes to but to minister." Men and women are needed arid even to criticize the work of others done in who will reveal Jesus Christ. the midst of many hardships and dearly bought at great cost. We do not want what we say here to be taken as cold criticism. We all learn by mis- Some Missionary Readjustments takes and nothing under the sun is perfect. There has been some mistakes made by missionaries Needed which it would have been far better if they could By REV. AKIRA EBISAW A, Congregational Pastor have been avoided.

Let us frankly call attention to some hindrances General Secretary of the National Christian Council of Japan standing in the way of success. We shall summa- N o ONE can doubt the achievements of the rize them in the following items: missionaries in bringing about the. Chris- tian influence upon the national life in (a) Theological controversies and intolerance among workers. Japan. But it seems there are prevailing some doubts (b) Personal and denominational pride and iso- lation to the ignoring of the importance of in regard to the future function of missions. We united efforts. know that the time has already come for us to stop and think because the rapidly changing social situ- (c) Racial prejudice affecting the minds and ation and the growth of our national life make it customs of some workers, which deprive imperative to re-examine our plan and program in them of real personal respect. the light of the new situation. Broadly speaking, there are two fundamental motives which necessi- (e) Too much evaluation of work in terms of tate and invite readjustments in the methods and numerical and material standards on the policies of the missionary enterprise; i. e., the part of the Mission Boards in the mistaken new discovery of the indigenous genius and the limitation of capitalistic investment. appreciation of the psychological differences between different cultures. We believe that the mis- (d) Too much secularization of the Christian sionaries will have a wonderful opportunity for activities, alienating them from the real the next fifty years provided the new adjustment Christian way. is consummated intelligently before it is too late. (f) Absorption in trifling things and the lack It goes without saying that Japanese Christian of wide vision and far reaching insight. churches would not be in existence at all unless the missions have been working in this country giving (g) Such a lack of appreciation and knowledge so many men and women and so much funds dur- of the cultural heritage, social customs and ing the last seventy-five years. We admire and ap- psychological differences as to pass a supreciate the wonderful work of the missionaries, perficial judgment on all things expressed judging from the results achieved by their pro- in the vernacular. ductive and creative work. (h) Lack of real Christian internationalism. 1. It is generally recognized that they have (i) Un-Christian behavior of the so-called Christian nations and some merchants in their dealings with international, political, economic and military policies, thus repu- diating the ideals of Ohristianity.

helped to enrich the national culture with invalu- Of all the various cultural movements-politi- able ·contributions through scientific, philosophi- cal, industrial, social, educational and communica- cal, ethical and religious thinking, all based on tional-now- pervading the world, the Christian Christian civilization. missionary enterprise stands as a prominent light- 2. They ,have had wide influence in raising the house, commanding the whole world with its glo- living standards of the nation and in purifying the rious light. No other movement can compete with social customs, through their daily life which set this enterprise in its extent as well as in its intent.

the standard for Christian life even among those The methods and policies might be modified but its who are not professed Christians. value must not be minimized. The time for the

ARE !.lORE MISSIONARIES NEEDED IN JAPAN?

denominational mISSIOns attending to their own sociations, the Woman's Christian Temperance work with the duplication of the similar kinds of Union and the Sunday School Association. staffs and facilities may have passed, awaiting for a speedy readjustment. (b) Cooperation in the rural work. There lies a large field as yet almost untouched by the Chris- There is a wonderful opportunity before the tian forces. General economic depression makes it missions for more concentrated, coordinated plans doubly necessary to reach the farmers in their and a more unified program, all in cooperation urgent need for spiritual guidance. The work has with the indigenous c h u r c h e s. The Japanese been initiated by the Council and the missions; churches must strive for their own maintenance but it will need the mobilization of all the Chrisand expansion until the Kingdom is firmly estab- tian resources in order to fully meet the responsilished; and while they may go that way for next bility. hundred years, the missions should have their large part in working along the lines on which (c) Cooperation on a big scale with church work hitherto they have been successful. for residential sections. The missions can render a great contribution under their united capacity (a) Cooperation wit h interdenominational in opening a well equipped institutional church agencies. They should have tremendous future if work to exert a strong influence over the multithey cooperate with the indigenous international tudes morally, socially and religiously, on so large agencies like the National Christian Council, a scale as to appeal to the imagination of the citi- Young Men's and Young Women's Christian As- zens.

Are More Missionaries Needed in Japan?* By DR. WM. MERRELL VORIES, Omi-Hachiman, Japan I N THE old and generally accepted sense,- ties to usurp special authority and assume the rOle of teachers, merely because of their race, or re- . that a missionary is a foreigner temporarily ligion, or possession of funds. Mission Boards sent to supervise a movement from abroad; should not send out men and women to the cultured nations on the same basis as to backward peoples. possessing authority because of his position (not to say race), regardless of his abilities being su- Not all missionaries of the past have been of perior or inferior to his native associates; living the objectionable type. Far from it. Many, in a life aloof from the community; using his mother spite of the possibility of exercising authority and tongue chiefly; always looking forward to even- of living luxuriously, have from their own innate tual return to his land of birth; and in general sense of propriety and their Christlikeness of remaining a "foreign" element in the work,-the character refused to be bishops or bosses or to in leaders among Japanese Christians consider ad- any way exalt themselves above the Cause. But ditional missionaries not only undesirable, but this was often due to their personal virtues rather even detrimental to the establishment of a Chris- than to any virtue in the system. tian Church in Japan. It is a different proposition to have a fellow- We agree 'with them in this, and we would go worker from a foreign land, who brings to the farther and believe that it might have been better Christian movement some positive contribution of for the Cause of Christ in Japan if that type of ability, training, experience, devotion, or personal missionary had never come. worth-and brings it without self-seeking or sec- tarian motive; who comes to a work ready to give It is hard for some American or the British sup- his life to it-expecting to become a part of the porters of traditional missions to conceive of the community; asking no special privilege or considactual conditions in the "mission fields" today. eration for himself; demanding no provision for Too many of them see no difference between illit- his own comfort or security which is not available erate savages and cultured peoples of Asia when for the rest of the staff; ready to adapt himself to it comes to attempting evangelistic work. As a local conditions. matter of fact the culture developed in ancient China, and that spread over a large part of east- This kind of missionary is welcome anywhere. ern Asia, was, and in some respects still is, far in There will always be a place for such-so long as advance of that developed in the West. Christianity is true to its essential supernational- ism. It is presumptuous for persons of inferior abili- • Condensed from The Omi llIu8tard-Seed.

of Christianity in

By the REV. S. H. WAINWRIGHT, D.D., Tokyo Manager of the Christian Literature Society W E GRATEFULLY recognize the hand of Polygamy in the form in which it existed in God in the modern life of Japan. The Japan, is dying out. The newer day has an illus- Christian religion, in the course of half a trious precedent in the Imperial Court life. The century, has become one of the recognized reli- Shintoists have adopted the Christian custom of gions of Japan. It was prohibited and COll- performing the marriage rite in the presence of demned by public notices when the first mis- the deity. The Woman's Christian Temperance sionaries arrived in 1859. Now Christianity is Union began a work which is now taken over alrecognized by the Government, by the traditional most wholly by the national organization which religions and by the people. The property for calls itself The Customs Reform Society. This churches and schools, for mission residences and Society does not limit itself to temperance reform, hospitals and for other Christian uses is legally , but conducts powerful campaigns for the abolition held and incorporated under Japanese law. The of other national evils and is one of the liviest or- Christians, along with Buddhists and Shintoists, ganizations in the nation. The same may be said have their share of chaplaincies for prisons and of the National Temperance League, perhaps the other State institutions. The Home Department most powerful and effective temperance organizaof the Government has called together for confer- tion in the world.

ence on a number of occasions the representatives Along with the reform of customs, Christian in- of the three religions – Buddhism, Christianity fluence should be credited with the inauguration and Shintoism. Fifty years ago the three religions of social service and philanthropy, neither of would have been Buddhism, Confucianism and which had any place worthy of mention before Shintoism, but since then Christianity has re- Japan was opened to modern Christian missions.

placed Confucianism as a positive religion. The Salvation Army, conducted for the most part In visible results of Christianity statistics have from England, has done noteworthy work in the a place. When t went to Japan, there were 23,000 Protestant Christians. There are now 232,000, field of social service and receives an annual grant not to mention the Roman and Greek Catholics. from the Imperial Household. Dr. Kagawa, by Since I arrived in Japan the Protestant commun- his life in the slums, has interpreted Christ's mind ion has gained by a tenfold increase while the towards unfortunate members of society. He and population has doubled. It might seem discour- other Christian leaders have been in close touch aging to be able to report only 232,000 Protestant with the labor population and have done some- Christians while the population has increased by thing to impart to the labor movement an appre- millions, but the rate of increase is much greater ciable Christian influence.

with the church than with the nation. The pop- All sorts of Christian charities have sprung up ulation increases about one and one quarter per and, unlike the wooden thousand hands of the cent per annum, while the Protestant church Goddess of Mercy (Kwannon), bring relief and membership increases about five per cent per blessing to the leper, the Eta class, the unem- annum. A mass movement may occur at some ployed and other needy members of society. St.

future time when great numbers will be admitted Luke's International Medical Center in Tokyo is into the church. an outstanding enterprise of tlie Christian move- Great changes have taken place in the national ment.

Japanese customs under Christian influence. Philanthropy is an increasing expression of the Sunday has been made a legal holiday. Christmas mind of Christ though practiced by many who are is observed as a festival of giving by thousands not identified with the Christian movement. The in the great cities. There was a time when Christ- most outstanding recent instance is the thirty miImas decorations were sold only by the Christian lion yen foundation established by the Mitsui Literature Society but now the smallest neigh- family. Benevolence in the Confucian sense is borhood shops in the big cities put them on sale. essentially a paternal virtue, and is exercised to- . The Christmas story has a fascinating appeal in ward inferiors in the social organism. It does the Orient. not feel compassion upon the multitudes, nor does [448 ] it m~ke the weak a burden of the strong as a broad the new Japan and is the answer to its deepest principle running thqmgh all society. need. All that Buddhism has been able to do in Christian influence has contributed much to the adjusting itself to the new order of things is to State, including converts i~'Cresar's household. struggle against its own decadence and to copy The wives of five of the Ministers of the present the methods of the Christian propaganda in its (Saito) Cabinet, including the wife of the Pre- own present-day activities.

mier, and some of the Cabinet Ministers them- Mission institutions, which now occupy an es- selves were trained in mission schools. Parlia- tablished place, are organs of the new Christian ment, since its organization in 1889, has. not been spirit. Christian Educational Work, the Christian without Christian leaders and Christian judges Literature Society, and St. Luke's Medical Center, have been members of the Supreme Court. A have a national prestige, a wide patronage and a wide knowledge of the Scriptures in Japan is fruitfulness which no one would deny. Their posi- shown by quotations from public speakers and tion is secure and they are the instruments by writers. Japan's great Finance Minister, Junno- which the new Japan is being formed. These but- suke Inouye, in a speech at the Peer's Club just standing institutions are deeply permeated by the before his assassination, made use of Scripture Christian spirit and if they should suffer decline when he said, "And whether one member suffers, through lack of funds the loss to Japan wO'uld be all the members suffer with it." He referred to irreparable.

the world depression and the new dependence of The Christian Church is becom'ing increasingly the nations, each upon the others. Not only th,e, independent. It is far advanced in self-support Scriptures but Christian history is widely known and possesses the spirit of initiative and apostolic among the Japanese. Augustine and Calvin, Lu- zeal for the spread of the Gospel. It possesses a ther and Wesley, are familiar names and some- spiritual quality as is revealed by early morning thing is understood about their place in history. pray~r meetings and other gatherings for the cul- Striking a little deeper, one will find, in the less tivation of the spiritual life. The Japanese Church obvious realities, the deep impression Christ has cannot yet carry the load of institutional Chris- made upon the thought life of Japan. The dic- tianity, created by the foreign missions. Out of tionaries and encyclopedias reveal this transform- its own reSQurces, it cannot meet the requirements ing influence. An intelligent Japanes~ man will of the vast field of rural evangelism; nor can it refer to "personality" as if the term had been afford at present to be cut off from the body of used traditionally by the Japanese, while as a mat- Christ in other lands.

ter of fact Jts vogue is of very recent origin. One In contrast to other Asiatic fields Christian suc- cannot acquire in the shops pure specimens of cess in Japan has been with the middle and intel- Japanese ceramic ware if of recent manufacture. lectual classes. The creation of the new Japan is All the current styles betray the touch of the West to be credit~d very largely to middle class intel- upon the artist's designs. So it is with current lectual population from which its leaders have ideas. Nothing is purely Oriental. A distin- come, in politics, in business and in education, as guished Shinto teacher in the Tokyo Imperial Uni- well as in the Christian movement. It is no acci- versity expounds Shintoism as if the Kojiki were dental circumstance that Christianity has dis- a Hegelian masterpiece! placed Confucianism for the Christian triumph As regards the deeper influence of Christianity has been largely with the Confucian population.

upon modern Japan, the substance of the present The Confucian background is more like that of situation was recently expressed by the former the Old Testament than any other in the non- Minister of Foreign Affairs Baron Shidehara, Christian world. Hence the response to Chris- who said that as Buddhism formed the spirit of tianity has its source in a traditional background.

the Heian period, so Christianity was the moving The national system of education had its origin spirit of the recent period in Japanese history. with the Confucian population in Japan, though Christianity possesses a great advantage over the projected on a nation-wide and popular scale with traditional religions which are bound up with a open doors to all classes. Christianity has been passing order of society. The new Japan has preeminently successful in winning converts from created forms of national life according to West- among the student classes. Indeed Christianity ern molds by means of which Christianity finds it in Japan is highly educational though not without easy to give expression to its message. In the past the fervor of evangelism. The new slogan of the the Christian religion has been a determining Church is significant, sounding as it does the call factor in the formation of those molds so freely to rural evangelism. At present the cities are the adopted by Japan as a nation. To try to bring centers of Christian activity and Tokyo, the cap- Christianity and the traditional religions together ital, is probably more Christian than was the city in any syncretistic enterprise would be a hopeless of Rome in the third century after Christ.

undertaking. Christianity has a deep affinity with The depth of Christian influence consists of

progress through more stages, owing to close con- greater depths in prayer than in preaching. In tact with higher education than any other mission the prayer life of Japanese believers Christianity field, the higher education not only in Japan but has reached its highest level. One often hears an in Western countries, resulting in a maturity of extraordinary prayer by a pastor, full of spiritual mind scarcely reached elsewhere on the mission depth and fervor, followed by a very dull sermon. fields. The work has passed through a greater The vocabulary of prayer, molded largely by the number of stages, both in thought and practical Scriptures, and especially by the Psalms, is bound methods, than elsewhere owing partly to the quick- to be different from that of preaching in which ened movement of general progress 'in modern the language of the people is used with its tradi- Japan. The Japanese Christian mind in a true tional coloring, in the use of which the Buddhists sense is one with the Christian mind in the West are more effective than Christian preachers. The and quickly reflects changes in Western thought younger generation readily understands Chrisand movement. tian preaching and its phraseology becomes fa- miliar to them in the schools of Japan where Eng- The Buddhist religion controls the masses of lish is the major study. The Christian movement population and it is into this field that Christian- has, however, among its preachers a few whose ity n(),}V proposes to enter. The fervent evan- word is with power. gelism permeating Christianity from the beginning in 1859 is in part owing to the influence of Christian influence has produced a greater op- American missions but also in part is accounted portunity in Japan and in other Asiatic countries for by Japanese reaction, expressing a deeper re- as well, than it has as yet fulfilled. The youth ligious consciousness than that of the Confucian trained in the schools are more open minded and mind. This may have its source in part at least are in a better position to understand Christian in Buddhist mysticism. It is an interesting fact preaching than the first generation to which the that the Japanese Christian ministry exhibits far appeal was made.

Your Church – A Clock or Dynamo?

Some churches impress me as being first-class clock-towers. They have a certain amount of good machinery and some power to give a useful message. You can depend on them to tell the time and the seasons. They tell the time for Sunday services, the hour for the Women's meeting and the Men's Club. The seasons are indicated: Easter, Christmas and even the Saints' Days. They have a minister (servant) to wind them and see that they keep going and tell out the correct time.

We would lose something if the minister stopped working or if the clock or the church were removed. We need them to help us lead well regUlated lives. But the clock-tower church exists largely for itself; its wheels go round and round, year in and year out, but they never move from their place to help others. Their range of usefulness is small. Stationary churches, with pastors satisfied with the duties of winding and oiling the works, seem never to get any- where. They may be orthodox but they have very little power and a narrow field of service.

I grow impatient with this type of church and am in search of one that is a dynamo– charged with power to do things. A dynamo does not exist for itself but in order to make ma- chinery accomplish some task worth while. Placed in a powerhouse it sends forth heat, light, and power through wires for long distances in every direction. It is a missionary force.

We may live in a town far away from the powerhouse so that we do not see it or hear it, yet we are ever conscious that it is there, working night and day to help by giving light, heat and power for all kinds of service. It may be stationary but the power that is stored up is constantly released for the benefit of the thousands all around. Its motto is "Not for self but'

for others."

Other dynamos are placed in ships, electric locomotives or automobiles. They are con- stantly on the move, conveying passengers and goods; hauling loads, distributing the necessi- ties of life to other places, near and far. Their usefulness may react to the uttermost part of the earth. They are missionary dynamos. _ The clock in the church-tower is useful but if we must choose between the clock and the dynamo, who would hesitate for a moment? Why be satisfied with clock-tower churches?

Shall we not pray that the Spirit of God may make dynamos of our churches so that their spir- itual power to help, to enlighten, to comfort, to save and to invigorate may be felt far and wide among all classes of people, not only at home but in other lands where there is need.

-Adapted from W. E. Gordon, in the "Sahayah-Patrikai" (India).

Japanese Christian

By the REV. H. W. MYERS, D.D., Kobe Missionary of the Presbyterian Church, u. s.

Won by a Christian Woman The Salvation Army Leader H I IRoSHI HATANAKA was born in Oka- F A great orator is one who can grip and hold yama in 1885. He was sent to the primary an audience, win them to his beliefs and influ- school and went as far as the third year in ence their lives, then few men have a better the city high school, when the death of his mother claim to this distinction than Col. Gumpei Yama- wrought a crisis in the boy's life. His mother, muro of the Salvation Army in Japan. He was though not baptized, had been a Christian be- the eighth child of a mountain farmer and was liever, while his father was definitely hostile to adopted by a relative who was better able to pro- Christianity. After Mrs. Hatanaka's death, Miss vide for him. When his new father refused to M. E. Wainwright led the boy into the Christian send him to Tokyo to school, the boy ran away life, and later took him to live as a son in her home.

He went to Kyoto and finished his high school course in the Doshisha College.

From Kyoto Kiroshi went to America to study in Oberlin College and Seminary. While studying at Oberlin, Mr. Hatanaka helped to pay his way by acting as janitor and office clerk. In the sum- mers he worked on farms, on the railroad, in the kitchen of a hotel and at anything he could find, and in this way earned money for his education and gained a wide knowledge of men. Later he worked for two years as Secretary in the Boys' Depart- ment of the Y. M. C. A. in the mill district of Pitts- burgh where he had a good deal of experience with the rough neck element. When one young- ster had to be dragged home by main force, his parents upheld the young Japanese Secretary who won the friendship of the family.

Returning to Japan in 1914, at the age of twenty-nine, Mr. Hatanaka served for a year and a half in the Osaka Y.M. C. A., spent a year in the army, and seven years as pastor of a Kyoto church. In 1923 he became President of Kobe College, but resigned this position after two years to become pastor of the Osaka Congregational Church, one of the greatest of all Protestant churches in Japan. He was thus the successor to the great Mr. Miyagawa, who had been pastor of COL. GUMPEl YAMAMURO this church for forty-three years.

A thorough scholar and an eloquent speaker, with the intention of working his way through the with brilliant mind and a lovable personality, Mr. higher schools.

Hatanaka combined social, intellectual and spir- Gumpei was converted to Christ in an out-door itual gifts. He is one of the most influential citi- meeting' when sixteen years old and immediately zens of the great city of Osaka with its three mil- became an ardent Christian worker. He would lion inhabitants. sing over and over again the only hymns he knew: "Stand up, stand up for Jesus," and "Bringing in It was the love and the prayers of Miss Wain- the sheaves," and sing wherever he could get anywright that first won him to Christ and then won one to listen to him. With little outside help he him to the Christian ministry.

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worked his way through a Christian college-on a preacher of righteousness, a social reformer and several occasions nearly dying of starvation-but a friend of the poor. Many will rise up to call in thi,s student period he won for Christ a number Col. Yamamuro blessed. of young Japanese who later became eminent Christian workers. Mr. Kameshichi Nishiyama Shortly after the opening of Salvation Army MANY poor country boys leave the farm and work in Japan young Yamamuro met some of the move to town to go into business and make Army workers and read the books they gave him. a fortune. Till he was thirty-five years of He was deeply impressed with their spirit and age, there was little to distinguish Kameshichi methods, and asked to be allowed to join them. In Nishiyama from thousands of other middle-class the course of time was made an officer, was given business men in Japan. Shrewd, industrious, charge of the training of new recruits, and was sober, economical, and keen on making and saving later made editor of the Japanese War Cry. This money, he was just another ordinary, good busimarked a new era in his life. ness man, with neither time nor inclination for religion, and a special dislike for Christianity. In his earlier work, Yamamuro distributed tracts among friends who complained that they An annoying attack of rheumatism that would could not understand them. So he went to work not yield to ordinary treatment was the means to prepare tracts and books that people could understand, and has written many that are intelli- KAM;ESHICHI NISHIYAMA gible, interesting and impressive. For many years he was the most prolific Christian writer in used to bring. him to Christ. The Japanese all Japan. The most famous of his numerous books know that for rheumatism or a crick in the back is "The Common People's Gospel," of which many there is nothing quite equal to a good massage. hundred thousand copies have been sold since it One of the commonest sights in the country is to was first published in 1900. Some years ago in a see a dutiful small boy pounding vigorously on the Korean city I met a godly Japanese judge, con- aching shoulders of his old grandmother. The verted through reading this book before he had best masseur in Kochi was a man named Okamura, ever met a Christian minister or entered a church.

As a preacher Col. Yamamuro has mastered the art of bringing from his treasures things new and old. Bits of poetry, apt proverbs, quotations from Chinese classics, burning statistics, humorous experiences, joyous conversions all help to carry the Gospel message home to his hearers.

Perhaps Col. Yamamuro's most spectaCUlar work has been on behalf of the girls virtually en- slaved in the licensed quarters. The system today is bad enough, and its supporters are fighting a losing battle; but up to the year 1900 it was especially iniquitous. Recruiting agents would scour the country to find attractive daughters in homes of the poor; they would promise pretty clothes, good wages and easy work as waitresses, and lend the parents a few hundred yen, to be repaid from the wages of the daughter. Charges for medical service and new clothes and interest kept the debt up to its original figure, so that the girl was kept as a virtual slave as long as she was profitable. Sometimes in desperation these girls would run away; but the law was on the side of the keepers, and the police would aid in returning them to their "duty." In those days almost any morning paper would have an account of an exciting chase of the police in capturing some escaped girl. More, perhaps, than any other man, Col. Yamamuro worked and fought till he won for these wretched girls the legal right to leave their prisons, debt or no debt.

He is a man of prayer, an eminent soul-winner,

SOME JAPANESE CHRISTIAN LEADERS

a devout Christian, called the happiest man in meted out to him was to stand for an hour with Kochi, whose bright smile and bicycle are as well a cup brimful of water in one hand and a stick of known as his skill in rubbing out aches and pains. lighted incense in the other, till both arms fairly When Mr. Okamura was called in, he began by ached. No Japanese teacher is ever allowed to explaining that it was a part of his treatment to slap a pupil or inflict corporal punishment, hence talk of Christ while he worked. At first Mr. Nishi- they devise various ingenious substitutes. Late yama would have none of it, but when rheumatism he became an honored and enthusiastic alumnus became worse, he decided to take the treatment- of his Christian alma mater, Aoyama Gakuin of Christianity and all. For days Mr. Okamura lit- Tokyo. erally rubbed and pounded and talked until he had led his patient to a living experience of salvation On completing his college course he secured a in Christ. position in Osaka at a salary of ten yen a month This was about fifteen years ago, and from that GINJIRO KiATSUDA time Mr. Nishiyama has been a power for righteousness in the city and in his church. He is a till the company went bankrupt, when he went to wholesale rice dealer, with oil, sugar, fertilizer Kobe and found a similar position. After two and automomiles as side lines, with an annual years he went into the shipping business, where he business running into the millions. His eighty soon found himself on the crest of the wave of employees work six days in the week and are paid prosperity. He made a large fortune which he for seven days on condition that they attend spent with generous abandon; among his gifts is church Sunday morning and evening. As a result the beautiful "Katsuda Hall" and the principal's all of his men are Christians, and the business has residence at Aoyama Gakuin. been greatly prospered. A large, beautiful room in his building is set aside as the chapel, and every Mr. Katsuda served many years in the Kobe morning the entire staff gathers for a half hour of City Assembly, in the House of Commons and in worship beginning at five o'clock in summer and the House of Peers, and last year, at the urgent at six in winter. One of the employees is given insistence of the Kobe Assembly became Mayor of the oversight of the religious needs of the men. the city. Unpretentious, friendly and genial, Mr. Katsuda makes friends and holds them, and is es- Mr. Nishiyama's partner, Mr. Yokota, started teemed as a public servan.t who can be trusted. life as an errand boy whose entire capital Such men though they are not baptized are the amounted to two sen. He became a Christian best justification of the Christian college in misthrough Mr. Nishiyama's influence, and is now a sion lands. wealthy man, whose entire family are devout Christians.

Mr. Nishiyama is an elder and treasurer in the great Kochi church. He is a systematic tither, and a generous free-will giver as special needs arise. He is universally loved and trusted, and is one of the best business men as well as one of the best Christians in all Japan.

When the Wright brothers were making their historic flights at Kitty Hawk they were pestered by newspaper men eager to get a good story. One of the brothers put them off with the remark that among all the birds the parrots were the best talkers but the poorest flyers. Mr. Nishiyama is the most modest and retiring of men, and would sooner fly than tell the story of his life for publication.

A Christian College Graduate GINJIRO KATSUDA was born in 1873 in Matsuyama, in the Island of Shikoku. He recalls with amusement how he hated to study, and was scolded and punished by his teachers for his laziness. One of the punishments

Christian Women Leaders* en city problems to her. Over seven thousand would-be suicides have come to her after reading By ELIZABETH H. KILBURN, Sendai her sign boards: A BoUT one-half of the population of Japan WAIT A MINUTE. GOD IS LOVE are women, so bringing in a new order in Japan is certainly a woman's problem too. IF You MUST TAKE YOUR LIFE The following women are recognized as taking a COME AND TALK IT OVER FIRST very important part in the Christian Movement in WITH NOBU Jo (giving the address) Japan. These signs have made her famous throughout Furuta Sensei-A Religious Leader the length and breadth of Japan, for the response to them has been unbelievable. Not only those Miss Furuta, is an example of how one woman who had decided to end all through suicide, but encourages devotion to God through Christ in all others who were unhappy and did not know where whom she meets. It would be interesting to know to turn, having seen the signs, came for help. how many young people and women this one ear- "Wives cast out by concubines, girls running nest Christian has so far led to Christ during her away from brothels to which they had been sold, ministry. children kidnapped by shows, women beaten by drunken husbands wives displaced by the jealous One winter's night, when the home in which she mother-in-law, girls hiding from the police, the was rooming was totally destroyed by fire, the wives and children of murderers, pickpockets and home of Mr. and Mrs. Alexander, Miss Furuta es- thieves"-scores come for help and comfort, and caped, Mrs. Alexander did not. As she was escap- find Christ. ing, she heard a voice saying to her distinctly, "Your work in the future must be evangelistic." Nobu J 0 has established a home where the girls From that time there has been no uncertainty as and women can be provided for and protected. to her call. She has filled various positions since There are some eighty living with her all the time. then but always with the evangelistic purpose. Within the last few years her work has received public and government recognition, and now wel- Miss Furuta is at present national secretary of fare organizations other than Christian are using the Woman's Board of the Japan Methodist these sign boards to prevent suicides. Church, and also conference evangelist. She is also superintendent of women evangelists of the In Japan there are certain popular suicide Tokyo and Kevanto districts of the church, and spots, such as a sharp turn in a railroad track or gives counsel and strength to these younger evan- certain volcanoes. Hundreds of girls and boys gelists. She is also superintendent of the asso- throw themselves, often several in a day, in Mount ciation of Tokyo Christian women and is superin- Mihara. Within the last two years there has been tendent of the evangelistic department of the a great increase of suicides in Japan, especially of Japanese W. C. T. U. (both interdenominational young men. Many suicides occur out of protest groups). against their country's marriage customs or their government's recent activities in world affairs. Last winter a very unique opportunity to do The police have tried to stop the tide but they newspaper evangelism opened up to Miss Furuta. seem to be powerless. One woman cannot do it The women's section of a popular morning news- all. We need many more women like "Noble J 0." paper introduced her through their columns as an experienced religious leader, inviting the readers Mrs. Kubushiro, a Purity Worker to correspond with her if they had any problems or burdens on their hearts. The many answers She tells her own story: that came in response to this showed that there "My father was a Christian minister and so were many people in Japan who had a longing to was my husband. In 1906, at the time of the San know Christ, the One who can solve problems and Francisco earthquake and fire, refugees came to remove burdens. Oakland where I was living, and among them came Chinese who were accused of setting up Nobu Jo, Representing Service gambling dens and Japanese, accused of starting brothels. I was asked to interpret for Dr. Charles Here is a woman whom one can never forget. Brown and the chief of police who were to inves- The graceful lines of the kimono cannot hide her tigate the matter, and I saw for the first time strong, almost masculine figure but she has a most Japanese girls who were in that kind of business. gentle mother-heart. Her strength can always be What an impression it made on my mind! The relied upon by a poor, weak, fugitive prostitute, newspapers and magazines were using this to stir and her good judgment is recognized by the Kobe up anti-Japanese sentiment. 'Why? Why?' I police for they bring many of their girl and wom- asked. 'Japenese women and girls are generally to be trusted. When millions are living most • From the Woman's Missionary Fj·iend.

worthy lives, why do they urge Japanese exclusion their support cooperatives would be a failure. because of the few?' Then the answer gradually Realizing this, the Federation of Cooperatives has came to my puzzled mind. Prostitution, in Japan, put in a very able woman, a Christian, Mrs. Maruis treated as a matter of course. The moral stand- oka, as head of the women's department. Her husard is unequal. 'Chastity' is a word only for wom- band worked in the Ohara Social Problems Reen and all laws are made by men. So they legalize search Bureau. She says: and make profit from this vice. We must cut at the very root of the evil-legalized prostitution. "I studied cooperatives, and as a housewife For over ten years this question burned within me realized keenly that we women, the buyers, must and hardened in my soul like gunpowder, till it have consumer cooperatives. I have been travelexploded. Then suddenly a call came to work for ing about the whole country, for the women's side the National Woman's Christian Temperance of the development of the cooperatives has become Union in Japan as its general secretary and I ac- very vigorous. Rural cooperatives have grown cepted." greatly lately, and the rural women need practical domestic science. Their understanding and co- This brave, determined woman is not working operation must be won; they must be called out alone. There is a strong force of Christian wom- and organized." en who come from all the different churches, and they are working together with the Purity Asso- There is no necessity for the periodical depresciation (a men's group) for the abolition of li- sions as the capitalistic world knows them. It is censed prostitution and also against the licensed because our economic life is unchristian that we sale of liquor. Already seven prefectures have have these periods of suffering and also the ridicuentirely abolished the prostitution system and lously unequal distribution of wealth. Christian eight more have passed resolutions to do so. women must take their responsibility in this im- There are forty-eight prefectures in Japan so portant part in bringing in the Kingdom. there is still much to do. Mrs. Kora-a Peace Leader "The central government is also moving and the home department is making up its mind to abolish Mrs. Kora lost her position as teacher in the it. But the abolition of licensed vice is not the Tokyo Women's University (non-Christian) beabolition of vice itself. We must work even cause of her peace activities. She told me someharder if that should ever be accomplished. We thing that made me hang my head with shame, for must look after the army and navy, the young had not we Westerners almost two thousand years people in rural districts, students, boys and girls. of Jesus' teaching as a backgro.>md for our ac- We must study the question on a national scale in tions? "I entered Columbia Unh:ersity just at the special reference to its rescue work problem and time when America was entering the World War. sex education. Young people must be protected, I must have been very innocent before I went to they must be given healthy amusements, mar- America, for I thought all Christians were paciriages must be arranged early. Sex morality must fists and that all thought war was wrong. The be firmly established and deeply grounded into the first Sunday I went to a large New York church national life, just as filial piety and loyalty to and heard a very famous Christian preacher. To country have been established." my amazement ~e urged his audience to go to war, 'For this is a war to end war,' he declared. I Mrs. Maruoka and Ohristian Economics was disillusioned. I felt crushed. A light had gone out of my heart. If at that time I had not The business of getting a living is a very im- come in contact with a small group of Christians portant part of human life. It seems strange that who were not afraid to be called cowards because Christianity has neglected, to the extent that it they were pacifists, I should have lost my faith has, this very important human interest. Many forever. Christians have accumulated great wealth through manipulation of stocks, etc.,. while their brothers "I am facing the same thing now, only in some have received very little for the long days of toil ways it is so different. There are so few of us with their hands. Christians have started many here, and our whole background has been so difgreat social reforms; why have they not faced ferent. Our government is different, too. Durthis question fearlessly? Competition has been ing the World War, if an American could prove the keynote of all business in the so-called Chris- that he was a conscientious objector, he was extian world for centuries. Kagawa declares, how- cused from active service. But in Japan no one ever, that as Christians we cannot recognize the is excused. If we could feel that by sacrificing our necessity for cut-throat competition but that "co- lives we might help the cause, it would be an inoperation" should be the guiding principle of all centive to resist. But we should be given no pub- Christian economics. Women are the buyers in lic trial at all, in such a case-just be quietly put Japan as well as in the West, so without enlisting out of the way…. However, we must be true to our Leader, the Prince of Peace!"

of Overlapping in

By WM. MERRELL VORIES, LL.D.

Omi·Hachiman, Japan 11— Founder 0/ the Omi Mission, 1905 THE only force that will bring the world to our province, so as to work there intelligently?

. Christ is "faith working in love." The first Do you realize that the capital is a small city and and most fatal indictment of sectarian over- the only place in the province in which overlaplapping in the mission field is that it repudiates this force and exhibits, on the contrary, rivalry ping already exists? It has unfortunately half working in competition. In short it is a misrepresentation of Christ. a dozen struggling sectarian groups, none of them The second indictment is that overlapping in able to be self-supporting." evangelical missions is not fair to the supporters of missions. There may be certain givers who "But our mission policy," calmly replied this deunderstand that their contributions are designated for denominational aggrandisement, but the termined gentleman, "is to place a church rank and file of conscientious and constant givers -many of whom make real sacrifices to give- in every provincial capital." nearly always make their offerings to give the Gospel message to people who otherwise would Within the past three years the same mISSIOn have no means of hearing it. To spend such gifts to maintain duplicate ~fforts in communities al- has started one of its churches in another small ready being evangelized by some other Christian agency is to come close to being guilty of misap- city of Japan already having three other Protespropriation of trust funds. tant bodies. Most Christian people deplore overlapping and many believe that the practice has long been aban- Some years ago a survey of the situation in doned. Unfortunately it still exists in many parts of the field. Japan is no exception, though the Japan was made by a committee appointed by the majority of cases are doubtless left-overs from the former days of noncooperation. It seems almost Federation of Christian Missions. If the question impossible to persuade the promoters of any once established work to withdraw from a field, no had not been a vital one, the report of that commatter how flagrant the overlapping. This shows a spirit unworthy of the representatives of Jesus mittee would have been really funny. The com- Christ. Some denominational leaders still hold to definite policies of sectarian expansion regardless mittee men belonged to the missions who were of overlapping, and without much apparent concern for the neglected districts. guilty. They solemnly reported that after exam- Not long ago an official of one of the largest ining all the circumstances they considered no missions said to me: cases of overlapping then existed; but-and here "We are planning to enter your province" (at the time our mission was the only one here). came the amusing naivety-they added that were I replied that since there were more than a any new churches to be started in any of the cities thousand towns and villages in this district still unmanned by Christian workers they would be a already having from one to five or six denominawelcome reinforcement, and I offered to help them discover the most needy and strategic location. tions, it would constitute overlapping! Thus if A "Oh, no," he explained, "We expect to go into had six competing sects at work and B had only your capital city." two, the addition of one society in B would con- "But," I asked, "do you know anything about the situation there? Have you made a study of stitute overlapping, whereas A with six would be guiltless!

A definite standard should be agreed upon as to what constitutes overlapping and how to avoid it if the will to cooperate is present.

Even in the largest cities more than one de- nomination generally confuses the situation if they do not cooperate.

If the local people, in any city, of their own choice desire an additional denominational church they can have it by paying for it-in complete self- support. But it should not be supported by mis- sion funds. – i .

The neglected rural field in Japan continues to wait for men and means, while churches in cities work in rival duplication.

An honest elimination of overlapping in mission work would not only release men and means for neglected areas, but would stimulate more sup- port for the entire Cause of Christ.

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Unfinished Task in

il By the REV. GORDON K. CHAPMAN, Kobe in_d_ry===~~Ja- -<l§f,.!,;;;;===p_r_ol.e.s;;;;s.o.r=in=th;;;;e=c.en.;;;;t.rd..l..T..h..e.;;;;ol_O.8.'.'C.d.l.;;;;s;;;;e.m…

"IS OUR distinctive missionary task in Japan (2) Increased respect for labor. completed ?" (3) Growth in democracy. This question is often asked these days and (4) Development of parliamentarianism. (5) Growing respect for human life and personality. a variety of answers have been given. Obviously, (6) Consideration for the former outcaste classes. the answer will depend largely upon one's view (7) Widespread philanthropy, so that even the Budwith regard to the aim of missions. Most so- dhists are imitating Christian social enterprises. cieties have found their chief inspiration in the Great Commission of Christ to His disciples. Has Dr. Kagawa also stated that "Christianity has the Gospel been adequately proclaimed to the laid the foundations of personal purity and mo- Japanese? One of the larger missionary societies nogamy; has cultivated the spirit of service, the states that its controlling aim "is to make the spirit of love and universal peace; and has given Lord Jesus Christ known to all men as their Di- basis to the labor movement." Missionaries were vine Saviour, and to persuade them to become His the forerunners in social reform, and many of the disciples; to gather these disciples into Christian conspicuous leaders in the matter of social leaderchurches which shall be self-propagating, self- ship and thought guidance have been Christians. supporting and self-governing…… " Has this aim been fulfilled in Japan? If not, there is still The influence of Christianity upon social policy the unfinished task. in Japan has been very great indeed. Although Christians only represent four-tenths of one per Measured by any standard, it must be admitted cent of the population, a list of influential men that the progress of Christianity in Japan has in Japan shows 5% professing Christians. The been slow. This does not mean that the influence labor movement was born in a Christian church of the Christian religion upon the life of Japan and Christian leaders are still conspicuous in the has not been great. This has been over and above unions and federations of laborers and farmers. the influence attributed to that common world cul- While the influence upon industry has not been ture which, though perhaps Christian in its or- great there are conspicuous examples of execuigin, is not now necessarily a product of Christian tives who are seeking to humanize the industry missions. over which they have control. There are some 246 Christian social service institutions in Japan. A The Christian movement in Japan is vastly number of Christians are employed in the Governlarger than the actual church membership. Many ment social service system which embraces over prominent people, while not listed on the roll of eight thousand institutions with a wide range of any church, either claim to be Christians or ac- activities, including social settlements, clinics, cept the Christian ideals. "A Study of Japanese lodging houses, pawn shops, semi-public housing Attitudes Toward Christianity," published by the experiments for the poor, institutions for the re- Institute of Pacific Relations, reports that Chris- habilitation of the crippled and the handicapped, tian influence was recognized as very strong in pub I i c restaurants, markets, employment exthe movements for temperance and against li- changes, etc. censed prostitution; in social welfare and relief work; in the peace movement; in child welfare The original movement for the improvement of work; in the development of health agencies and agriculture was Christian in its initiation and sanitation; and for woman suffrage, for the edu- some of the outstanding men today in agricultural cation of women and for greater freedom in so- economics are earnest believers in Christ. The cial fellowship between the sexes. Government maintains an elaborate system of ag- ricultural extension which has done much to solve Dr. Toyohiko Kagawa asserts that Christianity the problems of production and marketing. Over has produced seven great social changes in Japan: eight million farmers are enrolled in the various societies and with over eleven thousand advisers (1) Transformed home life. Concubinage is dying out and technicians are employed so that all of the vaonrdceprraotsetiitsutdioencreiassignrgadanudallwyombeeinngandabcohliislhderedn. arTehbeeidnig- ruraIsecf IOnsf 0 J apan are benefited. Christian leaders have been instrumental in the organizing respected.

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of the "Peasant Gospel Schools," ninety-four of Christians, while in one metropolitan area, at least which were held last year in thirty-four prefec- half of the students expressed a religious prefer- tures. These are modeled after the Folk Schools ence in favor of Christianity.

of Denmark and are intended to select and train While Christian influence is strong in Japan, promising young men from the villages in a new yet if one surveys the situation either as a whole program of rural development which includes, or in detail, it becomes evident that most of the economic, social and religious features. The co- efforts lack the spiritual vitality which would operative movement, which now includes over make them effective. This is not hard to under- 14,000 organizations has received much of its in- stand when we realize that the vast majority of spiration from Dr. Kagawa and other Christian the people are still believers in the old religions leaders. which have held their allegiance for generations.

Without doubt, it is in the field of education If the Apostle Paul were to visit Japan today, he that the Christian enterprise has had its greatest would undoubtedly still be stirred to see the formative influence. Mission schools were the masses of the people given over to idolatrous prac- pioneers in popular education and thus enabled tices. The Japanese are essentially pantheistic, Christianity to find a place of respect in the eyes and thus the various works of nature-mountains, of the nation, and did much to off-set the earlier rivers, rocks, animals, trees-are constituted ob- prejudice against this religion. It has been said jects of worship; even the fox comes in for a that "Christian schools pioneered in the essential large share of propitiation. Like the Athenians basis of culture and set high standards which have of old, the people are so religious that they try to had great influence in shaping the educational give all gods the worship which they believe to be system of Japan …… " Mission schools were their due. There is constant danger that even also the pioneers in education for women and Christian workers will succumb to that tempta- thereby were partially instrumental in securing tion which presented itself to Paul when he vis- for womankind ·that full recognition to which she ited Athens. Well kept temples and shrines is entitled. When one thinks of the magnificent abound everywhere and are eagerly patronized by system of Government education with its 47,408 the masses; even the intelligentsia are faithful in schools of all types, with over 260,000 employed the performance of the various ceremonies con- teachers, it is possible to realize partially the sig- nected with the respect and worship shown to nificance of this contribution. Illiteracy has prac- ancestors and national heroes.

tically been banished so that the Japanese people Japanese Buddhism claims over forty million have become a nation of omnivorous readers. Of adherents, with 71,310 temples, 6,982 preaching the 145 Christian secondary and collegiate insti- places, and over 150,000 professional religious tutions in Japan, half are located in two great workers. Under the influence of Christianity, metropolitan areas. In addition there are 468 modern Buddhism is undergoing a revival and Christian kindergartens scattered throughout is now imitating Christian social service. Sun- most of the prefectures. Of the educational insti- day schools, the Salvation Army, and even uses tutions in Japan conducted by the various reli- Christian methods and language in its new propa- gious sects, fully half are under Christian au- ganda. No less formidable is modern Shinto, spices. While these institutions were originally which must be distinguished between State Shinto evangelistic, it must be admitted that this purpose and Sectarian Shinto. While State Shinto is said has now become but subsidiary, so that most of to have its roots in the original religion of Japan, the students refrain from becoming professing in modern times it has become more theistic and Christians. One Christian leader asserts that is now chiefly associated with ancestor worship "the students are only being inoculated with a and patriotic idealism. It has thus become the mild form of Christianity which makes them im- religion of patriotism which heads up in the lofty mune to the real thing." With the Government sentiment of the people toward the Ruling House, so fully meeting the educational needs of the Jap- which is regarded as divine. By placing this type anese, it becomes a grave question as to whether of Shinto under the regis of the State and by fi- the time has not come to withdraw from the gen- nancing and controlling its activities, the State is eral field of education, continuing to maintain only taking part in a religious movement. However, a few Christian schools that can make real contri- for convenience sake, it is declared to be "not a butions. Could not more effective service be done religion" or "something above religion," and pil- by concentrating on the evangelization of the stu- grimages to the shrines are fostered in the in- dents in the Government schools, as well as seek- terests of patriotism. The Government recognizes ing to win their teachers to Christ? There are 111,339 shrines with 15,199 priests in charge.

great possibilities in this field of effort as is While it is true that certain modern thought shown by the fact that in one Imperial University movements are tending to undermine the belief thirty or forty of the teachers are professing in the supernatural and cause particularly the

THE UNFINISHED TASK IN JAPAN

student class to forsake all religion, yet it is also Japan are now fully self-supporting, 250/0 are true that new religions are spreading rapidly helped by the national home mission boards, while among the common people. These sects claim to have 14,269 places of worship, 101,597 teachers only 43 % are aided by foreign missionary soand over eighteen million followers. This is part of the religious situation in Japan where the Lay- cieties. In numbers and in financial strength the man's Commission stated that there is no longer Japanese Church is still relatively weak but in need of Christian missionaries to do evangelistic ethical, literary, political and industrial life and work. in social reform movements, its influence is very much greater than might be expected. The Japanese Christian Church is not yet strong enough to evangelize its own land. In- An analysis of the membership of the Christian cluding Catholics, there are probably not more Church reveals that it is in the main made up than 280,000 Christians in Japan, two-thirds of from the middle class; the majority of the memwhom are Protestants. To every thousand per- bers are students, clerks, business men, officials sons there are only about four believers, half of belonging to the various professions. Only 160/0 whom are said to be "non-resident members." of the members are from the industrial class of Eight prefectures have less than one Christian in farmers and laborers. The huge farming popua thousand of the population; twenty-one pre- lation of over 27 million, the laboring population fectures have less than two per thousand; seven of over five million, and the fishermen, numbering have less than three; four prefectures less than a million and a half, constitute the major unfour; three have less than five and three less than reached classes of Japan. Their evangelization six believers per thousand. Over eleven thousand constitutes the unfinished missionary task. There towns and villages of less than 10,000 population are desirable modifications in the programs of the are reported to be without Christian churches, churches which will enable them better to reach and of the towns and villages of ten to twenty these classes, and at the same time to hold such thousand population there are still 323 which groups as the students and other young people for have no Christian churches. Christian efforts have whom a suitable youth program is desperately tended to concentrate work in the cities and larger towns in order to d eve lop self-supporting needed. churches. While fewer r u r a I churches have While it is rather difficult to determine how reached full self-support, it is claimed that 70- 750/0 of the believers and workers have originated fully the missionary force, both Japanese and forin the country districts. Of one denominational eign, is adapted to carrying out aggressively the group of 1,314 churches reported by the National penetration of the unreached areas of Japan with Christian Council, 801 are urban while 513 are the Gospel, there are certain factors which are rural. Thirty-two per cent of the churches of evident. For one thing, during the last ten years, the missionary force has been decreasing. But the reduction has had little effect upon the work of the various educational and social institutions, for their staffs remain about the same. The tend- JAPANESE .sTUDENTS IN TRAINING FOR EVANGELISTIC WORK. THEOLOGICAL SEMINARY, KOBE Dr. H. W. Myers is in center of first row; Mr. Chapman is at extreme left, second row.

ency has been rather in the direction of eliminat- will make it their aim to press forward to occupy ing qualified ordained workers who were chiefly all the villages and towns of Japan for Christ. engaged in direct preaching of the G 0 s pel. The call of the hour is for evangelism, and the Through retirement, one large mission had a net peril is that the Church may substitute something loss of thirty workers in ten years. Practically else in its place. As one of the Japanese Christian none of these workers were replaced, although the leaders has said: "It would have been better if educational institutions of that mission maintain the emphasis of Christianity on the social gospel a full staff of foreign teachers. Comparatively could have been delayed until Japan was a little few missionaries are able to give their full time further along in her church development, until we to pioneer evangelistic work. The Japanese work- had become more thoroughly trained on the side ers are mainly occupied with the work of existing of personal religion …… There is a great danger churches and institutions and it is the exceptional that the churches of Japan may attempt to build man who is engaged in distinctively rural evan- a house without a foundation." gelistic work. Of some 1,013 missionaries, residing in 113 different places, only 86 are classified Another Japanese leader put it: "No amount as rural workers. While the number of Chris- of social regeneration and improvement can save tians is increasing, when it comes to the occupa- Japan. What is needed is a spiritual reformation tion of new territory, and the founding of which only Christ can give." As Dr. John R. Mott churches in hitherto unreached places, the enter- once said: "We are producing Christian instituprise is certainly in a state of arrested develop- tions faster than we are producing Christian ex- perience and faith; the discipline of our souls and ment. the deepening of our acquaintance with God are Many circumstances favor the spread of Chris- not proving sufficiently thorough to enough of us to meet the unprecedented expansion of opportutianity. Socially the Japanese are a homogeneous nity and responsibility of our generation." people, and there is an absence of strict caste divisions. They are a highly literate people with a A group of Japanese leaders connected with the voluminous press and literature. Japan is a land National Christian Council has stated that it is of order and safety which makes for stability of their conviction that the Christian forces of the life. Religious liberty has been granted and the indigenous churches are today insufficient to un- Government is exceedingly tolerant toward Chris- dertake the task of evangelization and Christianitianity. Transportation and communication fa- zation of the whole nation with its vast unoccucilities are highly developed so that all parts of pied areas. They continue to call upon the the country are easily accessible. But what is churches in western lands to send evangelistic lacking are properly qualified workers, who, re- missionaries to fellowship with them in this task; lying upon the equipment of God's Holy Spirit, the unfinished missionary task in Japan.

A VERY UNIQUE CHRISTIAN SCHOOL Under the influence of the late Pastor Uemura, Mrs. Moto Hani decided that a school with Christian principles would best promote her ideals. With a handful of young girls she started such an institution, and within twelve years Jiyu Gakuin, or "Garden School of Freedom" has become a model school for experiments in new educational ideals. Girls come there from all over Japan, but Mrs. Hani limits each class to forty. Her school is unique 'in Japan and, in some ways, in the world.

The 1933 commencement presented a record in graphic form of their daily school life- health statistics, school management, time and labor-saving devices, cooperative system and rural settl~ment work of the alumnre, dresses both foreign and Japanese, experiments in ap- plied art, mural painting, book illustrations, musical compositions and self-government evi- dent everywhere. The school has had no cook, no janitor, no office-worker from the begin- ning-all the work is done by the girls.

Mrs. Hani started a magazine, devoted to information for wives and mothers, called The Housekeeper's Friend, which later became The Woman's Friend and is today the most educa- tional and uplifting periodical for women, with probably the third largest circulation among women's monthlies in Japan. It covers the whole field of everyday home life.-Japan Chris- tian Quarterly.

and Non..Christian Forces in

DISTRIBUTION OF CHRISTIAN FORCES IN THE PREFECTURES BUDDHIST TEMPLES, SHINTO SHRINES; GOVERN- MENT AND CHRISTIAN EDUCATIONAL OF JAPAN AND WELFARE WORK (Protestant work only) ~~ o§ e;., =gj .., ~S~ 6 =S=…. $00 = 0 oo~ …. ~~ _~§:-o3 'Ogj …=~;+~~> ,,~ …,gj .'J.:::: Se<1·_!)'!g·:>2~ ~=g'" "0p'o.0'=0" :;l~ Prefectures z§6 0", …. .= "il< 0=~…. ~-a .'g.",j 00 !l ~oo~ .~.g .~ ;; .=00 .~~ ,3!: ~~ .g~ 'J:: :S=a gj ~ 'c) p., p., zS.,e"3 'ge. 00 f 0 P< 0 0 0 -:-1-:- —:- —–:- -:- 1—– Hokkaido …………………….. 1 2,997,900 – 8,905 .29 102 – 67 – 22 1,071 972 483 254 2,136 325 16 — –78- -:- –1 Tohoku: — — – — — Aomori ……………………… 1 919,500 1,471 .16 25 17 7 grs I ~g l,ro!

Iwate ………………………. . 1,020,000 1,108 .11 22 16 6 677 I 549 ~~ 1,~~~ ~~~ 1~ ~ Miyagi ……………………… . 1,201,200 5,390 .45 64 Akita ……………………….. ' 1,018,100 57 48 1,307 317 835 120 5 4 649 .06 20 18 5 Yamagata …………………… 1 1,111,200 3 1,546 i 1,217 1,187 .09 36 24 2,278 513 881 80 1 1 Fukushima ………………… .. 1,549,900 .14 55 6 1,613! 9'ZI 4,138 455 1,415 198 9 1 — — – – – 2,2M – – 38 – – ———————- I Kanto: — Ibaraki ……………………. .. 1,533,300 1,683 .11 42 33 9 1,337 865 2,742 380 1,195 89 8 Tochigi ……………………. .. 1,172,100 989 .09 43 20 4 974 696 3,312 269 832 82 4 Gumma …………………….. . 1,225,900 2,707 .22 30 32 6 1,217 827 1,276 200 695 112 10 4 Saitama ……………………. . 1,497,600 1,110 .07 Ohiba …………………….. .. 1,512,100 1,663 .1 42 29 1 2,244 1,449 2,312 372 943 265 10 Tokyo …………………….. .. 5,954,900 27,005 .45 48 29 8 3,262 1,827 4,741 306 999 85 8 12 312 250 303 2,543 2,046 1,847 423 1,737 1,250 122 107 – – – – Kanagawa ………………….. . 69 -4-7 Hokuriku: 1,739,600 6,900 .4 – — – 54 – 1,563 1,308 1,254 215 706 – 439 23 15 – — – – – – – – – – – – . – – – – – — — – – – 1 596 1,700 172 6 …… Niigata …………………….. . 1,982,700 1,480 .07 29 15 7 2,993! 2,383 5,391 Toyama ……………………. . Ishikawa ………………….. .. 796,500 453 .06 15 11 4 11,,243690 1 11,,023233 2,663 160 684 126 10 Fukui …………………….. .. 760,400 1,656 1,360 1,912 630,100 1,037 .13 14 10 11 208 743 126 9 -….-..3 1,682 179 633 191 766 .12 23 14 7 – -7 ———– Tozan: Yamanashi …………………. . 649,000 Nagano …………………….. . l,769,1OU 2,233 .34 36 17 6 11,,563597 1 11,,203472 1,603 175 581 60 3 2,985 .17 71 41 27 3,349 Gifu ……………………….. . 1,205,500 343 1,215 227 18 1 594 .05 21 16 10 2,192 1,860 4,714 286 1,146 136 5 2 ———– —— Tokai: Shizuoka ………………….. .. 1,872,700 Aichi ……………………….. . 2,714,100 3,223 .17 87 57 16 32,,683210 I 1,966 3,291 459 1,193 211 20 5 4,014 .14 70 51 34 3,295 3,517 472 1,278 350 21 2 – – – – Miye…… .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .

Kinki: 1,186,800 2,381 . 2 – 21 – 17 – – 3 2,250 1,876 721 – – 538 – 935 – 162 4 — — 1—, 1 — – – — – – – — — — Shiga ………………………. . 708,900 1,105 .15 27 18 8 3,1881 2,457 1,917 319 590 96 14 4 Kyoto ……………………… . 1,639,500 8,274 .5 41 73 53 42 32,,708790 122'4,25312 2,708 386 872 331 37 12 Osaka …………………….. .. 3,824,300 13,210 .35 126 101 662 Hyogo …………………….. . 2,759,700 9,367 .33 119 393 1,011 518 43 20 Nara ………………………. .. 603,600 94 130 3,055 2,468 4,810 443 1,401 383 44 16 649 .11 15 9 17 1,764 1,181 1,519 312 638 102 4 Wakayama ………………… .. 856,300 1,624 .18 25 14 9 1,778, 999 474 233 828 67 6 Ohugoku: Tottorl …………………….. . 499,300 628 .12 15 10 3 423 385 850 222 502 51 5 2 Shimane …………………… .. 749,600 384 .05 18 12 1 1,317 1,077 1,371 506 570 74 1 Okayama ………………….. .. 1,310,900 3,602 .27 50 28 5 1,499 1,064 5,012 492 1,149 173 8 1 Hiroshima ………………… .. 1,736,200 2,142 .12 55 41 26 1,412 1,201 5,308 428 1,471 191 15 3 yamaguchi ………………… .. 1,160,000 2,084 .17 30 24 12 1,271 1,157 862 335 901 162 7 1—-1— ———– ——————– Shikoku: I Tokushlma ………………… .. 732,400 1,080 .14 17 12 7 595 472 2,714 219 679 72 2 1 Kagawa ……………………. . 752,100 833 .11 18 13 10 619 542 2,498 186 500 40 2 1 Ehlme ……………………… . 1,169,200 3,492 .29 53 34 7 1,089 855 1,333 419 962 174 1~ ….. 4 301 738 Kochi ……………………… .. 736,300 2,886 .39 14 9 5 252 186 4,658 III Kyushu: Fukuoka ……………………. 2,660,500 5,799 .22 92 70 28 1,659 1,428 5,002 468 1,166 258 17 Saga ………………………… 695,500 405 .06 11 8 4 999 795 1,852 177 426 68 2 Nagasaki ……………………. 1,274,400 1,653 .13 27 20 17 466 402 1,420 246 839 146 8 3 Kumamoto ………………….. 1,388,300 2,407 .17 27 21 10 1,056 795 4,289 288 1,141 86 14 7 . Oita ………………………… 963,300 1,228 .13 25 22 8 1,304 1,030 2,121 324 874 72 4 Miyazaki ……………………. 801,500 1,386 .17 24 15 3 207 190 743 271 505 74 3 1 17 —:21—u -,w-i— —-m- Kagoshima ………………….. 1,606,700 1,163 .07 25 4 178 154 1,571 Okinawa ………………………. 1–58-9-,3-00-11–1,-2-41- 387 1,009 51 2 –1-1 ~ —-;;) 9 —7- –38- –1- ~ 1—-1———— – – – – ————– ………… ………. …… …….. …….. …….. 6,982*…….. 14,269t 101,597t …………………….. ..

———–1—-·1— ———– ——————- 67,238,600 196,965§ .29 2,036 2,518~ 1,013 78.292 64,904 125,608 116,796 47,40811 8,442 613 246 * Other Buddhist preaching places. t amrches of various Shinto Sects. t Workers of various Shinto Sects. ~ PIuS' other evangelists.

§ Plus others, locality not designated. II Plus others, locality uncertain. nata regarding the number of OhrIstians, churches, Japanese workers are from the Yearbook of the National Ohristian Oouncil for 1934; data regarding missionaries from the Japan Ohrlstian Yearbook, 1933; data regarding population from the Im~rial Oensus Report, 1933. Data regarding Buddhism Ihlld Shinto, social and educational iIlBtitutions, are from the Imperial Oeusus Report for 1933; data regarding Ohristian irutltutlons are from the N. O. O. Yearbook for 1934 and the Japan Ohrlstian Yearbook for 1933. N.B.-Educntional Institutions include all from Kindergarten through the University.

[461 ]

Youth of Japan-Whither?

By REV. WILLIS CHURCH LAMOTT, Tokyo Author of "Suzuki Looks at Japan"

.n.A S IN few other countries the youth of Japan ing the steps and motions of the traditional dances are continually, and defiantly, in the public of the countryside, but singing modern words, eye. As this is being written a group of such as, young men are being tried for a series of assassi- Are those swallows flying in the sky? Ton to se no se! nations. Brooding over the wrongs of the de- They are airplanes, patriotic airplanes, don't forget them! pressed farming classes and the futility of Government efforts to offer relief, they accepted a And the crowd joins in the clapping of hands and "mandate from heaven" to purify the state. News the singing of the "ton to se no se" (tra-Ia-Ia).

just released tells of a similar plot discovered and The whole country seems swept by the contagion foiled by the police last December. Imagination of this union of traditional music and ultra-na- calls up the stories of other youths who, discour- tionalistic words. Yet not entirely; on the other aged and baffled by the decadence of the times, side of the street the modern boys and girls pass have assumed the roles of patriotic assassins. by disdainfully on their way to the cinema, the Another group of young men-scions of noble dance hall, or the latest third-rate musical show families and students or graduates of the Peers' that has been expelled from America to corrupt College-are being punished for their connection the morals of Japanese youth.

with communism. Distressed by the stagnation of The Youth of Japan-whither? Viewed from political life and the slowness of social reform, the outside, Japanese young men and women are they espoused the cause of a proscribed movement bent on going nowhere, or rather are bent on which aims not only to overthrow the peerage breaking forth in defiant and often tragic protest system of which they are a part, but also to over- against a social system in which they have not turn the very foundations of the Japanese Em- yet found their place. These outward manifes- pire. During the past three years, tens of thou- tations, including as they do only the more ex- sands of persons, all young, most of them students treme cases, are symptomatic of the inner conflict of exceptional or superior ability, have been de- which is going on in the minds of all Japanese tained by the police because of their connection youth.

with the communist movement. Born near the beginning of the great European Six young people today threw themselves into war modern Japanese young men and women have the crater of Mount Mihara on the island of witnessed the success of the great effort of na- Oshima in Sagami Bay. Two of them were stu- tional reconstruction begun by their grandpar- dents, afraid to face their families after their ents; they have passed through two periods of failure to pass the entrance examinations of a feverish industrial activity and material pros- certain higher school; two were a youth and his perity; they have been educated at a time when sweetheart, whose marriage had been forbidden the influx of Western ideas, theories and social by their families; one a discharged clerk in a customs has almost inundated traditional Japa- hardware store; one a boy of fourteen, who did nese culture. Japanese education, geared to pro- not want to be a burden to his family. All were duce men skilled in the science and art of the under twenty-five. The number of suicides last West, rests upon the naive assumption that these year exceeded twenty-five hundred. could be retained and the explosive ideas and the- From outside my window come the lilting meas- ories of the West sloughed off, that the external ures of a pseudo-folk dance, the third of a series aspects of Western life could be acquired and the of such that have swept the country this past year. old moral underpinning of Emperor Worship, filial A great crowd has gathered to view the move- loyalty and the feudal virtues left intact. This ments of a company of young men and women has not proved to be the case. Under the bom- (mostly of the lower classes) dressed in tradi- bardment of new ideas-individualism, democ- tional costumes, who are dancing to the music of racy, the class struggle, self-expression-and the a gramophone set up in a highly-decorated shrine- attractive presentative of Western manners and like booth. Around and around they go, perform- customs through the media of magazine, news- [462 ] paper, cinema, and music, the old moral controls the race that will supply this impetus to youth? and sanctions of Japanese youth have begun to "Bushido, our inherited moral code," answers an give way. All too late the Government a few intelligent young Japanese physician, "brought us years ago began the impossible task of "control- this far, but it can carry us no farther." He voices ling" thought and morals. the convictions of thousands of Japanese youth. A new ideal is needed. An all-encompassing devo- The fact remains that the great mass of Western tion that will take up the traditional moral ideals, ideas, manners, abilities, and methods which Japan relate them to life as it is now lived in a real world, has acquired cannot be moved by the traditional transform them by bringing them into clear commotive power. The patient oxen-whose shoul- parison with other ideals which have been proved ders have carried the burdens of Japan for cen- by experience to be valid. . turies-strain as much as they can, will not be able to budge the magnificent bulk of Japan's crack Intelligent Japanese youth realizes that the express train-the Swallow. No more can the ultra-nationalistic program will result only in cutgreat mass of Western civilization which Japan ting off his own country from the life of the world; has adopted be moved by the simple morals of a that communism is too great a menace 'to the culfeudal age and sustained by the rationalization of ture and genius of the Japanese people; that even myths which place Japan at the center of the uni- democracy, which thrilled his father, must wait verse and endow the Emperor with the aura of until the demos, the great mass of Japanese comdivinity. mon people, attain greater self-consciousness and develop a real desire for self-expression in govern- Youth, conscious of the tension, responds in ment. He realizes also that there stretches out bevarious ways. A lad, in true moving picture fash- fore him a time in which Japan must find its soul ion, finds a sweetheart. Their families refuse to again, must achieve an idealism adequate to susconsent to marriage. Then begins an illicit rela- tain and support the weight of its material accomtion which all too often ends in double suicide- plishments, must sift the true from the false in the the easiest way out when the self and the family hastily adapted civilization of the West, and blendcome into conflict. Another lad seeks to learn ing the best from the Occident with the best of the more about the social movements of the world. traditional culture, form a civilization that will be He is told that he can study so far and no farther truly Japanese. -and at the end he either closes his eyes to facts, or becomes a cog in the underground machinery Youth in few countries has been faced with so of communist intrigue. Another accepts as gospel challenging a task. The intelligent young man or truth the nationalistic theology taught by his pri- woman realizes that to face it adequately some mary school teacher-and following it logically new idealism must come into Japanese life. Conthrough to its conclusion is driven later to assassi- sciously or unconsciously he realizes that he must nation or to suicide as a protest against the "trea- :find a religious philosophy of life. A few-a very son" of internationally-minded statesmen. Others few-young people today are turning to the old escape from the tension by joining the cult of religions. The makers of New Japan, flushed with pleasure and slavishly aping the manners and the utilitarianism of their day, despised Buddhism customs of the West as depicted in motion picture as a superstition, and their children and grandmagazines and heard in the talkies; still others children find in it little more. "What are the perseek refuge in the ton to se no se of traditionalism. manent values of Buddhism that you can retain to help you in finding your philosophy of life?" The Such examples account for only a few, but indi- teacher puts the question to a group of college stucate the state of mind of the many. They are lost dents. They flounder. Buddhism teaches kindin confusion. For Japanese youth is idealistic- ness to animals. It has a deep philosophy. It is incurably idealistic. He is seeking something to comforting to the ignorant and the old. The live for-something to die for. He is seeking in teacher does his best to open the way for a fair his own way to serve his country as did the leaders treatment of this noble but superseded expression of the Restoration. The great national efforts of of man's faith. Some one laughs-"Why, sensei, the past half-century produced great men, great you know more about Buddhism than we do!" personalities, men worthy of being compared with Such scenes are often repeated when Christian the outstanding leaders of any race. Now that missionaries and ministers deal with modern Japa- Japan has become great, youth asks, "Where does nese youth. true greatness lie for me? What ideal shall I live for as my father and grandfather lived and la- For, to Japanese youth of today, religion means bored for the ideal of a unified nation modernized Christianity. When religion is mentioned, Chrisin organization and meeting on an equality the tianity is forthwith called to mind. This is one nations of the West?" reason why men like Toyohiko Kagawa never fail to have a hearing, even though the growth of the Is there nothing in the inherited moral ideals of

Church is not so rapid as might be desired. This In the Christian schools of Japan thirty-seven is one reason why, outside organized Christianity, thousand boys and girls, young men and young there exists in Japan today an unnumbered multi- women are enrolled, receiving an education based tude whose thoughts have been influenced and on Christian principles, in the midst of a Chriswhose ideals have been molded by Christian prin- tian environment; in the government schools ciples. are other thousands of students from Christian homes, from Christian churches, Bible classes, and In a peculiar way the men who compose the study groups, "graduates" of kindergartens and present super-party government of Japan are Sunday schools; out in the world are thousands more of their elder brothers and sisters at work SPElkKING TO TWELVE' HUNDRED GIRLS IN A COTTON MILL, building Christian homes, conducting business on WHERE CHRISTIAN WiORK IS CARRIEID ON EFFECTIVELY Christian principles, standing for social ideals, working in the church. To this great number, products of early Christian activity in this coun- and to others in the churches, in the Christian try, for many of them in their youth came in touch associations, in Christian groups connected with with the great Christian leaders of the past, and factories and shops, Christ has brought the revivare connected, directly or indirectly, with present- ing idealism which is necessary if Japanese youth day Japanese Christianity. Youth is not slow in is to find itself in the modern world. There are drawing its conclusions. The idealistic youth of problems, of course. Not all who profess to follow Japan are turned toward Christianity. Christ will cast their lot with the church; not all will openly confess the One whom they claim as Master in their hearts; not all are willing to face the acid test of carrying their Christianity into actual life. But taking all this into consideration, the Christian Gospel is the only answer today for the unsatisfied yearning in the heart of Japan's youth.

Japan today is a land of defiant youth. But the communist youth, the reactionary youth, the de- cadent youth, the hopeless youth-these do not tell the whole story. Japan is the land of ideal- istic youth, and the idealistic youth of Japan face toward Christ THE NEED FOR OHRIST IN JAPAN By TOYOHIKO KAGAWA The so-called Christian nations are but fifty per cent Christian. So when Christianity came to the Orient we had two kinds of people: some were angel missionaries, who belonged to Heaven, and some were pirates who belonged to the Roman Cresars. It was because the white races set the example, that Japan became a student in the school of the pirates.

The Orient is having a terrible time because Japan is not Christian. Our nation has com- mitted a terrible mistake toward China and inflicted many wrongs upon her. Christians of Japan have issued strong protests against the actions of their government. I wrote in my own magazine twice about peace between China and Japan, and have been warned that if I wrote again I should be punished severely by imprisonment. Such opposition has been de- void of result, however, because our militant pacifists are so few in number.

Our Gospel today must be made effective to move society. Just as the missionaries ask re- pentance of individuals, we must demand repentance of the nations. We must repent and ac- cept the principles of Jesus Christ. Mere preaching will not get us anywhere by itself; we must put ideals into action. Like electricity, the cooperative movement is a discovery, but even this movement must be based on Christian character. And the basis of Christian character is Redeeming Love. Apart from that there is no permanent peace.

The one assurance of peace is the triumph of the Gospel of Jesus Christ, both in indi- vidual lives and in organized society. It is imperative that more efforts be put forth to make Japan thoroughly Christian.

a Crisis in

Why the Kingdom of God Movement Was Started -~I~I=-=-=-~B_Y~T~O~Y_O_H_I_K_O=-K_A_G_A_~_A_'_T~O_kY_O=-=-=-~II~ T HERE are three reasons why we had to start We prayed for a million souls to be won to Christ . the so-called Kingdom of God Movement in so that we might have indigenous Christianity Japan. First, we had terrible Communism. when the missionary forces withdraw. With only Nowhere in the world is there so much Commu- two hundred thousand Protestants we could not nism, outside of Russia, as in Japan. Thousands be able to maintain an indigenous Christian of books on Communism are published every year. church.

Second, we were facing a crisis in the Christian After the Jerusalem Conference we started a Church, because some missionary forces were Central Committee of the Kingdom of God Move- withdrawing rapidly. ment, and a hundred local federations of churches Third, our church membership was decreasing. each elected district committees. A Central Com- To counteract these three conditions we started mittee was formed and decided to divide the the Kingdom of God Movement. When we take Movement into three parts: (1) Evangelism, (2) the offensive, we can win the victory. Education, (3) The Cooperative Movement. They The Kingdom of God Movement had to deal agreed to begin with the evangelistic movement, with three aspects of the situation: 1. Against for which purpose we started mass meetings, Communism it had to lay emphasis on the love of preparation of literature and conferences. I went Christ; showing that the love of Christ is not around speaking at mass meetings for about three only preaching, but that one must realize the love years. My friends found that I had probably of Christ in our individual lives-our social lives, preached to altogether more than a million people our ethical lives and our political lives. We needed and decision cards, recording a desire to be Christo make an immediate start in the practical evi- tians, were signed by about 65,000. Many could dence of Christian love in action. But the churches not be followed up but there were some nineteen were not prepared to do this. thousand additions to the churches per year. If We have 2,205 Protestant churches, of which we could have done more follow-up work, the . nearly eight hundred are self-supporting Japanese results would have been larger.

churches. Of the three leading denominations, the For literature we published the Kingdom of Presbyterians are the biggest, the Anglicans are God Movement News, at one time thirty thousand second, the Methodists third. These are self-sup- a week at one sen per copy. We did not lose any porting indigenous churches, and eighty per cent money and the united paper was agreed upon by of the Christians of Japan belong to these three all the Protestant churches. We: also planned to bodies. There are also 439 independent churches sell the New Testament at ten sen (five cents) a of the Oriental Missionary Societies. copy, and one of my books "New Life Through Missionaries are usually pioneers. When a God," for the same price. We also printed more church becomes independent they give it to the than three million leaflets which Christian mer- home church and they go to the front and do more chants were willing to distribute free. pioneer work. Since the Communists were draw- We did not pay the evangelistic speakers but ing away the young men from the churches, and provided only traveling expense and incidentals.

missionaries were withdrawing from the older During the world boom when I went around lec- fields, and communicants were decreasing, it was turing, I had found it advisable to charge 50 sen a most critical period. admission to lectures on Christianity, and Quring About ten years ago we organized a society the economic depression we charged ten sen in called the Friends of Jesus, as a service band to the city and five sen in the rural districts. If we help any chu,rch. Since I happened to be baptized do not charge people they are apt to think the in a Presbyterian church, I do not want to change meetings are not worth while; so we charge but in America when asked what church I belong enough to pay the rent of the auditoriums used.

to, I say: "To the New Testament church." The churches were not big enough to hold the The Christians realized that we must be re- crowds, and many non-Christian people feel more vived in Japan, and so started prayer meetings. at home in theatres. When we pray, they kneel [465 ]

down, and when we pass decision cards, many grafting will make trees good fruit-bearers. The sign them. last book in the New Testament-Revelation- describes a river on both sides of which are trees, We prayed especially that we might reach the bearing fruit each month. So in the New Jerusacountry people. After seventy years of Christian- lem, the trees of life are regained for Paradise ity in Japan, the members of the churches are which was lost. mostly middle class in the large cities. There are very few in the smaller towns and almost none In Central Africa six million people live on in the villages. It is very necessary to have bananas-in the morning bananas, at noon, ba- Christian leaders in the rural districts. nanas, at supper, bananas! If you analyze the nutrition in one banana it is almost the same as a Educating Rural Leaders meal of rice. In Japan if we eat polished rice we get beri beri; if we eat bananas we do not get It is also necessary to have educated rural lead- beri beri. Therefore when you must live very ers. For this reason we started an educational cheaply eat bananas! Then there will be no need movement to train Christian lay leaders. There to ask the ravens of Elijah to feed you. Instead are two thousand Christian preachers in Japan, of the ravens of Elijah dropping bread from and about two thousand Christian teachers in heaven, you can eat bananas. In tropical regions mission schools. How can we reach sixty-four there is no fear of starvation, but in most parts million people with only two thousand preachers, of the world, especially in Japan, you will find when one million people are born every year! life very· difficult unless you learn to utilize the We need more workers and especially since the mountains and poor soil. We need to use the milk missionaries are withdrawing from Japan. The of goats, chickens, fruit, honey, bananas, cushi more the missionary forces withdraw, the more nuts, and pili nuts, as well as rice. That is the we need lay leaders. So we started Gospel schools. way for lay leaders to manage. Most of the graduates of the theological seminaries in Japan forget to be practical. It is necessary We teach Biblical agriculture in a hundred to have Gospel schools to show the way to prac- Farmers' Gospel Schools.We have also started tice the message of Christ in daily life. We have Laborers' Gospel Schools in the cities. In Tokyo, started revival schools of two kinds, for the the churches of all denominations sent delegates farmers, and for the city dwellers. These schools and we had a conference. The reason why we are teach four main subjects: New Testament, the very poor in the country rural districts of Japan history of Christian brotherhoods, biblical agri- is that we do not trust each other. In the cities culture (for farmers), and the cooperative move- we have many people coordinating in factories, ment. with machines, in the use of capital, and in the division of labor; but in the country there are no We teach the New Testament thoroughly, some- factories, no machines, no capital and only nipa times spending 72 hours in teaching three chap- houses! So the country people are very poor. ters. We do not teach the history of doctrines, nor the history of schisms and persecutions in the The farmers are poor because they are by them- Church. We teach how the grace of God mani- selves, each one isolated. If they coordinate, like fested itself in the brotherhood movements of the the fingers on my hand, they can drive autos and Christian Church. have machines and do everything. That is the meaning of the Cooperative Movement. Without In Genesis we find that God gave permission to Christian brotherhood in rural life, there is no Adam and Eve to eat the fruits in the Garden. If profit. we want real cultivation of the soil today so as to eat the fruits of toil, it is necessary to use the There are seven kinds of cooperatives: Promountain sides everywhere, and plant trees on ducers, Utility, Marketing. Producers must sell the mountain slopes. If we analyze the pili nut as a body, for when they compete, the middle man we find there is more nourishment in it than in seizes the profit. We need Consumers Cooperarice. But people think pili nuts are only for cake. tives and Credit Cooperatives because money is We are tempted to eat too much polished rice, required when someone in the family is sick, and therefore we get beri beri. What we need is to for other emergencies. There is need of the eat more fruits. Civilization requires the use of Credit Cooperative, instead of borrowing from a the surface of the earth in more civilized ways. bank at a hiKh interest. Through Mutual Aid Co- We learn much about farming in the Bible. In operatives we can have physicians and hospital Proverbs there are many stories about farming- service by paying one yen each month. In Nakano with honey, bees, weaving, etc. In Isaiah there three thousand have joined the Mutual Aid Coopis the restoration of desert land, and in the New erative, and have one big hospital under the lead- Testament Jesus tells us many things about how ership of Christian brothers. We need Insurance to plant seeds, how to sell land, about growth, Cooperatives so that the money in the rural disabout seed-selection, etc. In Romans we learn tricts may remain in them. If there is a panic or

RESULTS OF THE KINGDOM OF GOD MOVEMENT

depression, we need Harvest Insurance, Health wishes the carpenter to build a building and the Insurance, Sick Insurance, Stock (cattle) Insur- carpenter in his turn prays, send us timber, nails, ance. The seven kinds of cooperatives are based iron frames, cement. But if the carpenter should on Christian economic morality. But so far our begin to pray to the proprietor for cigarettes and church leaders could not adopt the Cooperative whiskey, that is not true prayer, that is self-de- Movement, so I started Medical Cooperatives. But sire. We confuse self-desire with God's purpose. it is impossible to have successful cooperatives When our desire can be harmonized with God's without Christian leadership. purpose, that becomes true prayer. Therefore we must pray for personal piety, for full devotion to Officially the Kingdom of God Movement will God, for absolute service to God, and for the realend this year, but though the churches stop the ization of God's purpose on earth. Without prayer movement officially, we shall carry along this we amount to nothing. Without united prayer movement till we die. We must practice the love there is no success for the Kingdom of God Moveof Christ on earth, then there will be hope for all ment. For this reason we ask people to prepare nations. Practice the life of Christ and the teach- for six months before hand by prayer. When that ing of Christ in your heart and in your body. has been done, there is some success. When they do not pray, we fail. There are six petitions in the Lord's Prayer. Prayer is like the occasion when the proprietor Results of the Kingdom of God Movement By the REV. WILLIAM AXLING, D.D., Tokyo Author of "Life of Kagawa"; Director of the Tokyo Misaki Tabernacle T HIS organized Christian crusade is drawing movement. Approximately 750,000 of these were to its close. Toyohiko Kagawa, its inspired non-Christians. Of that number over 30,000 pub- dreamer and spearhead, launched the move- licly enrolled themselves as inquirers seeking ment in January, 1930, to run for a three-year further instruction and guidance in the Christian period. At the close of that period an All-Japan way. It is difficult to know just how many of Christian Conference was held for the purpose of these have definitely allied themselves with the evaluating the work of the movement and to de- Church. It is significant however that since this vise methods for conserving its results. movement was inaugurated the annual baptisms throughout the Empire have increased eighty to It was unanimously voted that the most effec- ninety per cent. tive kind of follow-up work would be a two-years' extension of the movement itself and in January, Not only has the movement been a great evan- 1933, this crusade entered its second period, with gelizing force, through the messengers it has sent the main objective of bringing the work to a full, up and down the land during this period, but also rounded close. through the printed page it has carried the mes- sage where its messengers could not go. It is now possible to evaluate some of its results. Like every spiritual movement there are impon- Six million, five hundred thousand copies of the derables which lie beyond the range of any hu- Kingdom of God weekly paper have been pubman yard-stick. These are built into changed lished and sent into every part of Japan. Many, hearts, redirected lives, revitalized personalities, if not most of these copies, have been read by a new life goals, homes redeemed, and communities number of readers. Some 50,000 copies of the lifted to higher moral and spiritual levels. special "Kingdom of God Movement" issue of the New Testament have been sold. Hundreds of The goal of one million Christians, which thousands of copies of other special Christian Kagawa feels that the Church in Japan must have publications have also been sold and distributed. before it can become a molding, directing force in the total rife of the nation, has not been real- Opening Up New Areas ized. He had no expectation that it could be realized within so short a period. This is his goal for One of the most significant accomplishments of an on-going Kingdom. of God Movement which the movement has been the blazing of pioneer shall know no time limit. paths into large sections of the hitherto untouched rural field. In recent years the industrialization More than one million people attended the evan- of Japan has been carried forward fast and gelistic meetings held under the auspices of the

furiously. This has caused whole blocks of the have been characterized by tendencies and events population to trek from the farms to her fast ex- which have rocked the nation's very foundations.

panding cities. Many of these have been unfriendly to the things Forty-four per cent of the population is how- for which Christians stand. Moreover such anti- ever still rural. The Kingdom of God Movement Christian tides as Communism, Fascism, and anti- from the beginning set up as one of its goals the religious propaganda have swept across the driving of a wide entering wedge into this long nation.

neglected area. Under Kagawa's leadership it During this period of unprecedented strain and adopted the strategy of trying to capture the na- . stress the Kingdom of God Movement not only tion's -11,000 rural villages by evangelizing and kept the Church steady but also kept her per- training potential village lay leaders. One hun- sistently pressing forward toward fixed goals.

dred short-term "Peasant Gospel Schools" have This kept her morale on a high level and enabled been held in 25 different prefectures, either under her to ward off attacks from many quarters.

the direct auspices of the movement or with its Moreover, this period was characterized by the assistance. Each of these schools has gathered withdrawal of many missionaries and wholesale some twenty or twenty-five young men and women reductions in grants of aid from abroad. With- from as many villages and has given them a week out the stimulus of this movement the Church or ten days of intensive training for Christian would have found it most difficult to have held leadership in their respective villages. her own. It helped her to face the storm unmoved Over 2,000 rural young people have been en- and unafraid and to hold her line intact.

rolled in these schools. Most of these have gone ANew Conception of the Task back to their villages and started something – a Sunday School, a Bible Class, a Reading Circle, a The Kingdom of God Movement has brought to Recreational Center, a Better-Farming Lecture many Japanese Christian leaders a new concep- Course-anything to give Christ a chance in their tion of their mission. The need of winning the village. individual for Christ has lost none of its emphasis The industrial centers with their mushroom or urgency. Early and late the movement has pled growth are also largely unreached territory. Here with individual men and women to get right with 10,000,000 people live and labor. The movement God.

has endeavored to adapt the technique of these Many Christian leaders have however, through Gospel Schools to the needs of these industrial Kagawa and this movement, discovered a larger areas. This effort however is still in the experi- Christ than they had formerly experienced. They mental stage. have found a Christ big enough to save not only The movement has conducted two Conferences individuals but also the group, the community with on Industrial Evangelism. One of these confer- all its varied problems and relationships, a chaotic ences was held in Tokyo and the other in Osaka. unjust social order, and a world that has lost its Representatives of 115 factories and 72 interested way. With a new sense of mission and an en- Christian workers attended these two gathering~. larged vision they are praying: "Thy Kingdom These conferences with factory owners and man- come, Thy will be done, as in Heaven so on agers considered not only the question of evan- Earth."

gelizing the industrial areas but also the all-im- The movement has also demonstrated that the portant problem of Christianizing the industrial Christian forces in the Empire can be mobilized order, especially as related to the relations be- and move out as a unit toward a common goal.

tween the employer and employee. Out of the experience of the past five years there During the last year and a half the movement has been created among Christians of every name has also made a special effort to reach the student a new sense of solidarity and a new readiness to centers. Speakers specially qualified to speak to cooperate. A devisive denominationalism is by students and to counsel them regarding life prob- no means dead but the yearning on the part of lems have been sent to 122 educational institu- many to destroy the barriers that separate has tions and 60,000 students attended the meetings deepened and is becomi~ more and more in- addressed by these speakers. sistent.

Noone can review the past five years in the life The King<i<>m of God Movement has not realizl;!d of the Japanese nation and fail to be impressed all the goals which it set up but under God it has with the evident fact that in the mind of God this tided the Japanese Church in triumph over one of movement was meant to meet an emergency not the most critical periods in her history and opened only in the national life but also in the history of a new era for the Christian advance in this Em- the Christian movement in this land. These years pire.

Value of Christian

By the REV. L. J. SHAFER, Litt.D., Yokohama, Japan Principal of Ferris Seminary, Reformed Church in America MR. HOMMA, one of Japan's great Chris- need Christ. The ordinary school in Japan is tians, whose per~onal advic.e is .constant~y purely secular and the atmosphere is very often sought by the highest officials III Japans anti-religious and anti-Christian. Mission schools government today, remarked recently to a friend carryon education in an atmosphere that is Chris- that if there were no Christian schools in Japan tian and here men and women are being led to the country would go to pieces. Mr. Homma is Christ.

not a product of these schools and holds no brief In order to hold religious exercises on school for them; he is an impartial ob- property and teach the Bible in server of wbat the schools are the curriculum our schools have actually accomplishing. been compelled to accept a dif- Dr. Kagawa, a graduate of the ferent type of registration from Meiji Gakuin in Tokyo, remarked that of the public school where once to the writer, after one of religious exercises are forbid- his campaigns covering many den by law. Some few mission parts of the country, that the schools have preferred to give Christian community is strong- up direct religious teaching in est in the centers where there the regular curriculum but most are Christian schools. A case in have accepted the special type of point is a church in Hirosaki recognition. This is a disad- which has sent out more than vantage for our schools have 120 young people into full time been classed with those of in- Christian service, as preachers, ferior scholastic requirements.

women evangelists and other For about ten years Japanese workers. Most of these were Christian educators have been students in the two Christian agitating for a change in the schools of that city. law to permit the teaching of Japan has a marvelous educa- religion in private schools so tional system with a very high that this disability may be re- percentage of literacy – one of moved. Last year the National the highest in the world. If the Christian Educational Associa- aim of Christian schools is to tion decided to discontinue this give education to those who agitation on the ground that it would not otherwise be educated was a real asset for our schools there is little need for them in to be regarded as "different" be- Japan. There is an efficient MISS KANAMORI cause of our Christian teaching. slehsrsinweelblu-orregaau.niiznedJatepmanp,lecs,ouanntd- A Christian graduate. This marks a very significant change. A regulation which was well-managed organizations for inculcating cer- once viewed as a disability is now regarded as a tain life ideals among young people. Why main- valuable means of calling attention to the dis- tain Christian churches in the midst of this tinctive character of Christian schools. This new highly organized religious and moral activity on attitude is so significant that it might be said to the part of this ancient and highly civilized mark the birth of Christian education as a dis- people? tinctive type of education in Japan. Christian The reason for establishing Christian churches schools are needed because they are Christian and continuing to maintain our schools is the and for this reason it is necessary to maintain same. There is no reason for either activity if we them if Christianity is to have a permanent foot- do not believe that men and women everywhere hold in Japanese society.

[469 ]

Christian schools are being more and more them the drive of a Christian constituency de- valued among the Japanese for what they are- manding a greater efficiency and a truer Chris- with Christianity at the center of their educational tian impact. In uris movement for self-support theory and practice. Christian educators are get- this factor should be given careful consideration.

ting a new perspectlve which makes it possible What Results Are We Getting? for them to welcome a rating that calls attention to their Christian character. It is a curious irony In the first place, much is being done to break that just when Christian education is coming to down opposition to Christianity. At the recent its own on the field, certain sections of the sup- opening exercises of Ferris Seminary the mother porting constituency in America (see Rethinking of a fourth year high school girl came with tears Missions, pp. 151-2) should be suggesting pro- in her eyes and said: "Three years ago I put my gressive withdrawal from our schools. daughter in your school. My husband and my Has the time arrived when these schools can father were both strongly opposed to my doing it be put on a self-supporting basis? The financial because they were not in sympathy with Chris- straits in which the Boards now find themselves tianity. Now I have just entered my second are actually operating to accelerate the movement daughter in the first year class. My father is still for self-support. A recent study of the situation unconvinced but my husband says, 'The only place shows that out of 31 girls' schools, 20 are either for our daughter is Ferris.' "

without mission grants or are definitely planning Much is being done in character building. As to become self-supporting within the next ten- Dr. Schneder writes, "We hear often that our year period. Out of 11 boys' schools all but four graduates are 'different' from those of other are well on the way to independence. The plans schools. They have higher ideals, better defined for self-support include increased income from principles and are favorable to all that is good." fees through enlarged enrolment and the securing One of Dr. Schneder's students in the Tohoku of endowments. Thirteen schools are now engaged Gakuin writes just before graduation, " 'What did in raising permanent endowment funds. Aoyama you learn during your college years?' I'll answer Gakuin, for example, has a campaign to secure at once, 'The Spirit of Christ I caught.''' When Yen 300,000 of which Yen 190,000 is in hand at Government commercial schools were having diffithe end of the first year of the campaign. culty in getting positions for graduates, schools These facts seem to be encouraging. If our aim such as the Meiji Gakuin had little difficulty in is to establish indigenous Christian institutions getting commercial positions because their grad- ought we not to rejoice at this growth in self- uates could be counted upon for business integrity.

support? Two or three things, however, need to But we cannot be content with this leavening be taken into consideration. The Commission on influence alone. Are young men and women in Christian Education pointed out the undoubted our schools giving their lives to Christ? Does our need for strengthening the existing schools both school worship, our Bible teaching, our personal on their scholastic and on their Christian side. interviews, our Christian atmosphere commend This present movement for increased enrolment Christ to these young people? We asked a num- in order to secure larger income is not likely to ber of educators to take the graduates of their improve the quality of the work. Furthermore, schools for a ten-year period, beginning twenty to push the schools to self-support now will mean years ago, and tell us how many were today ac- the shifting of the burden for the support of our tively identified with the Church. If any who long Christian schools from the sending Churches not to bring men and women to Christ are skeptical to the new Churches on the fields but to quite in- about the value of Christian education they should dependent foundations drawing much of their see the letters received from teachers and leaders support from non-Christian groups. The history in our schools who have this burden upon their of church schools in the United States tells us hearts. Of 298 graduates of a girls' school be- enough to make us think twice before forcing tween the years 1914 and 1921, 13 are engaged in these schools to secure support from other than some form of Christian work and 121 are in active Christian sources. Prof. Latourette, of Yale, in connection with the Church; another school with discussing the Christian College in America, says: 424 graduates reports 167 active Christians to- "A third cause of secularization is in the sources day, 15 of w110m are teaching, six the wives Qf of the institution's financial support …. " Sup- ministers and one a Secretary in the Labor De- port is sought from (those who) …… care little partment at Geneva; out of 137 college graduates or nothing for the religious side of the college's of this school 111 are Christians. A boys' school life …… In the long run those who pay the piper with 700 students has 20 groups in special en- call the tune." Christian schools have a mission quirers' classes, each group under the leadership to perform in Japan so long as there is behind of a Christian teacher with two or three of the

THE VALUE OF CHRISTIAN EDUCATION

older Christian boys to assist. This school sends teaching English in a school in Kobe, is working two or three graduates a year into the ministry. as a volunteer probation officer. At times she has Another boys' school which is not yet twenty years had as many as seven waifs in her charge. A few old has nine graduates in the active ministry with of our schools are carrying on settlement work to three others now in the Seminary. One mission- train students for this and other forms of social ary writes, "I went over the names of our grad- betterment work. Mrs. Yamamoto, of Baiko J 0 Gakuin, is making her influence felt throughout the City of Osaka, an example of what so many are doing through the Christian homes which they have created. In her home are held special men's discussion groups,' young women's classes and church meetings, and her home is known as a center of Christian influence throughout western Japan.

We are sometimes upbraided for having to take second-rate pupils in our schools. Miss Kanamori, of Kwassui, at twelve years of age, took her first train journey to take the entrance examination AT THE MABlE SCHOOL (KANTO GAKUIN) to the Girls' Normal School in Nagasaki. She SETTL,EMENT, YOKOHAMA failed and for a month refused to go out of the house feeling that she had brought disgrace to Here are workers and families, with Prof. K. Tomoi. Students her family. Then she heard of Kwassui through who help in the work are at the back, center and extreme left.

uates for the twenty-four years up to 1914 and her older brother who was a student in Steele found 30 names of women whom I know who have Academy. She became a Christian and has clung served faithfully and effectively as wives and to her Christian purpose in spite of all opposition. often as 'better halves' of pastors or evangelists." When her brother-in-law became head of the household she steadily refused to serve sake to What sort of Christians are these? Do they him or to his guests and he came finally to redare to stand for their convictions? The only spect her decision. She is now head of the large member of the Japanese lower house who voted Household Science Department of the Tokyo against the recent large budget for military ex- Y. W. C. A. influencing hundreds of girls for penditure is a graduate of Tohoku Gakuin. Christ. Had she succeeded in passing the gov- Are they leading others to Christ? Miss Nishio, of WiImina, is us,ing her talent as an evangelist.

She has recently spoken in every large town in Wakayama Prefecture at the special request of the Governor and by his arrangement.

Mr. Ishikawa, a graduate of Tohoku Gakuin, has organized a "Christian Club" consisting of about fifty employees of the Mitsui Trust Company where he has a leading position.

A graduate of Koran has brought into the faith first her sister and brother-in-law, then her mother, then her grandmother; then her children and her sister's children were baptized, and finally her husband.

A graduate of Toyo Eiwa has brought up four sons in the love and fear of God; one is the super- intendent of the Sunday school and another, a high officer in the Navy, the teacher of a Bible class and FERIMS SEMINARY STUDENTS IN YOKOHAMA a strong advocate of peace. These girls were recently ba,ptized as Christians. Five or six In the grad1llating class who were baptized had left school before the Many graduates are engaged in some form of photograph was taken. Christian service. One man has been principal of a public deaf and dumb school for ten years. He ernment examinations she would undoubtedly have has gathered about him four other graduates of been a teacher in a government primary school his own school and they have established a deaf without the knowledge of Christ.

and dumb church just outside the school com- There are hundreds of other witnesses to the pound. Miss Hasegawa, of Kobe College, while real worth of the Christian school in Japan.

Prese1!t,Day Religion in

By the REV. A. K. REISCHAUER, D.D., Tokyo, Japan Executive Secretary of the Woman's Christian College, and Lecturer in the Japan Theological Seminary JAPAN is a land of religion in a rather unusual stantly replaced by new ones, often by structures way. We are so accustomed to picture present- of a new type better adapted to the needs of the day Japan in terms of modern industry and as rising generation. a powerful military state that we are likely to for- To be sure, religion in Japan has had its evil get that Japan is at the same time the repository days. In- fact, it is a doctrine of Japanese Bud- of Asia's religions and cultures. dhism that there are periods when the "Law is It is in Japan that Buddhism, originally a reli- . Destroyed" and men fall away. It would be easy gion of India, had its finest development and is to illustrate t~€ truth of this from Japanese relitoday in its most vigorous state. Confucianism, gious history. One might characterize the Meiji China's age-long ethico-political philosophy and Era (1868-1912) and several centuries preceding now thrown into the discard by China's modern this era as a time when real religion was none too leaders, is still held in high regard by enlightened vital to men. Undoubtedly from the standpoint of modern Japanese. Shinto, Japan's native reli- the conservative Buddhist and Shintoist the whole gion, though primitive and crude when judged by trend of modern Japanese life seems to be away its early literary deposits and though frequently from religion. The major interest of men, espe- overshadowed by the more advanced religions and cially of the progressive elements, seems to have ethical systems imported from the neighboring centered on education, scientific knowledge, indus- continent, nevertheless has persisted down through trial transformation, the modernization of Japan's the centuries and today shows a vitality in certain army and navy, and, in short, the transformation of its sects which is amazing. This land, that has of a medireval, feudal people into a strong modern been so hospitable to the religions and cultures of nation able to hold its own in the family of nations southern and eastern Asia, has been equally open- which Japan after centuries of seclusion was prac- minded to the culture of the religion coming from tically forced to join. Modern Japan has been so the western world in more recent years. It is true terribly busy with getting on in the world that that Christianity was persecuted when first intro- there has been little time for the quiet and leisurely duced in the sixteenth century and rigorously sup- things of religion as the Orient has been accuspressed for about 250 years but this was due far tomed to think of religion. Men have been tre- more to fear of political complications than to any mendously concerned with the enrichment of life real opposition to Christianity as such. At any along such lines as modern science and industry rate, in present-day Japan Christianity is being makes possible. This enrichment was conceived of widely recognized as one of the "Three Religions" largely in terms of the national life and not merely indigenous to Japan. Until recently the tradi- in terms of individual gain, and to that extent tional "Three Religions" meant Shinto, Buddhism there was in it all a certain idealism. In fact, this and Confucianism. Today Christianity takes the enthusiasm for making Japan over into a strong, place of Confucianism, this latter never having modern state was the real driving power of life been really an independent religion in Japan but and constituted a sort of religion, namely, the rather a system of ethics incorporated with Bud- Religion of Patriotism, in devotion to which many dhism and Shinto, and as such it still remains. a Japanese leader showed a spirit of unselfish serv- In short, then, Japan has been for centuries a ice that would be worthy of the devotee of true repository of the religious and cultural inherit- religion.

ance of many peoples; and not only a repository In a sense this religion of patriotism is still the but on the whole her people have made this inher- chief driving force in the life of many, if not most itance their own and to this day regard this in- Japanese. Even when religion in its true sense is heritance with real respect. In many parts of the major interest, the religion of patriotism is Asia the shrines and temples of religion are fall- always a close second in the heart of every J apa- ing into ruin, but not so in Japan. Here they seem nese. But after making due allowance for this to be in good repair and old ones are being con- ever-present element and after recognizing the [ 472] fact that just now there is a peculiarly strong In short, Japan which during the Meiji Era had spirit of nationalism abroad which threatens to reached out eagerly for the things in western civi- warp every other spiritual interest-as is the case lization that pertain to material prosperity and also in many other lands today-we nevertheless military strength, has during these later years maintain that there is in present-day Japan a real been seeking also for the secrets of a true culture interest in a religion which is more than mere pa- of the spirit. What a tragedy it is that during this triotism. It is rather a growing recognition of same period the so-called Christian nations of the the fact that the very foundations of a nation's West to whom Japan turned with such an open strength and greatness rest upon certain qualities mind, have themselves been so chaotic in the things of personal life which ultimately spring from reli- of the spirit and have so largely spurned their own gion, and also that there are deep needs of the spiritual inheritance! It sometimes seems as if individual human being which can never be fully there were in present-day Japan a truer reverence met simply by his being a citizen of a great and for and appreciation of the great cultural and reli- victorious state but only by his becoming a citizen gious inheritance of the western world than there of an eternal kingdom, the Kingdom of the Spirit. is in these lands themselves. We say this in spite A New Attitude Toward Religion of the fact that there is just at present a reaction- ary mood in certain quarters in Japan tending to This recognition of the place of real religion and exalt things distinctively Japanese and having at the whole range of values for which religion should , its objective an exclusive nationalism.

stand, including also the welfare of the state as one A second way in which the recognition of reli- of these values, is manifesting itself in present- gion is manifesting itself in present-day Japan is day Japan in several ways. the actual rejuvenation and transformation of the There is first of all a change of attitude towards non-Christian religions, Buddhism and Shinto. religion on the part of statesmen and leaders of Both these religions show more vitality than they thought. During the Meiji Era ending in 1912, did either during the Meiji Era or during the two religion was looked upon as an out-moded thing- or three centuries preceding that era.

something which may give consolation to old peo- New Activity in Buddhism ple who have retired from life but hardly a real force in the life of men and women who were doing In Buddhism this is manifesting itself in a the work of the world and who were trying to rather wide range of activities some of which are make their nation strong. That Japan was achiev- definitely inspired by the influence of Christianity.

ing this goal of national power seemed to be indi- There is an enormous literature being produced cated by her triumph over Russia, supposedly a not only along the lines of antiquarian interest, representative of the western world. But hardly such as the numerous pUblications issuing from had the flush of victory passed when Japan awoke the universities, but also numerous books and mag- to the fact that in spite of this outward strength azines calculated to reach the average man on the there was inner weakness and rottenness as re- street. Buddhism today has its Sunday Schools, vealed in the corrupt practices of men in high Young People's Societies, Ladies' Aid Societies places. The great ideal of the Meij i Era, univer- and the whole range of activities characteristic of sal education and enlightenment, was seen to be a modern Christianity. The Y. M. C. A. has its one-sided ideal and failed in producing men and counterpart in the Y. M. B. A. Some of the new women of real character. This awakening to the temples being built look far more like Christian need of moral qualities expressed itself strikingly churches than the traditional Buddhist temples, in the very name chosen for the new era begin- and even temples which stick to the beautiful Budning in 1912, namely, Taisho, Great Righteous- dhist architecture of the past in their outward apness. The World War made a mockery of this pearance adapt their interiors to the needs of a ideal but Japan was hardly to blame for this. generation educated along modern lines. A strik- More significant than this name of an era was ing example of this is a monstrous temple in Tokyo the growing respect for religion shown by the where the architect reached back to the most an- leaders of thought. This manifested itself, on the cient Buddhist architecture of India for his style one hand, in the renewed study of Japan's ancient in outward appearance but where the interior sat- culture and religion and in the numerous publica- isfies the latest demands of the present semi-west- tions which made the values of Japan's spiritual ernized generation. This modern structure in inheritance known to the present generation. It steel and concerte, blending the old and the new, showed itself, on the other hand, in the numerous is but symbolic of what progressive Japanese Bud- translations of books dealing with the culture and dhists are attempting in the realm of spiritual religion of the West. The classics of Christianity values. A leading exponent of Buddhism wrote were made available to the average man in Japan. 'recently that "Japan stresses the practical phase 474 THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD [October of Buddhism and attaches importance to the actual themselves in difficulty when they are required to life of faith. Buddha's teaching is regarded in take part in the ceremonies conducted at these terms of human life and is not identified with shrines. either the doctrines expounded by Gautama or their meanings." By this he probably meant to Our purpose here is, however, not to discuss this say that present-day Japanese Buddhism, though question of "Emperor worship" but rather the relicalling itself Buddhism and in general being true gious vitality in Sectarian Shinto. These sects to the spirit of traditional Buddhism, nevertheless naturally make the doctrine of loyalty to the throne gets the real content of its message for men today an integral part of their teachings and they find not from the teachings of the founder but from no difficulty in worshipping at the state shrines other sources, probably from present-day life. In since they have always worshipped at these shrines fact, it seems quite plain that at least the progres- long before the present official distinctions were sive elements among Japanese' Buddhists draw made. But the interest of Sectarian Shinto goes their inspiration and the content of their message beyond this and centers more frequently upon the far more from our modern world culture than problems and needs of man as an individual human from the teachings of traditional Buddhism. And being who seeks help from God, or rather the gods. as this world culture is in a large measure a product of modern science and Christianity, it is not To the western student of religion perhaps the strange that many an enlightened Japanese Bud- most interesting of these thirteen Shinto sects is dhist is far nearer in his general outlook on life to Tenrikyo, the Heavenly-Reason-Teaching. It is the average modern Christian of the West than he often comp~red with Christian Science and has inis to his own Buddhist brother who still thinks in deed much in common with it, for it is a religion terms of the old. which puts stress on Faith Healing. Faith Heal- ing in Tenrikyo is, however, not so much a matter The Growth of Sectarian Shinto of a change of mental attitude in the individual suffering from a malady as a faith in the miracu- What is going on in Shinto circles is in a way lous. The individual does not so much heal himeven more striking. There is fiI1st of all the phe- self by right thoughts as call upon the deity to nomenal growth of so-called Sectarian Shinto. work a miracle of healing on his behalf. Also There are today thirteen Shinto sects, most of them where Christian Science draws its adherents of comparatively recent origin and several of them largely from the privileged class, Tenrikyo has its counting their adherents by millions; Taisha and following among the underprivileged, especially Tenrikyo each having upward of four million. among the peasants. The striking thing about this What is significant about the growth of these sects sect is the large number of religious workers who is that they stand more definitely for the religious usually without remuneration are working for the needs of the individual than does the so-called propagation of their faith. They hunt out espe- State Shinto which, according to official interpre- cially the sick and afflicted, and even though they tation, is not supposed to be a religion at all but may fail in working the desired miracle of healing only a Cult of Patriotism to which every citizen of their unselfish service and sympathy wins many a Japan should be loyal be he Shintoist, Buddhist or new adherent. It may puzzle the student of reli- Christian. The heart of this cult is loyalty to the gion to explain why it is that in modern Japan throne and the state; and a vi'sit to one of these where medical science has made such strides in state shrines, according to the official interpreta- recent years a religion that places its chief emtion, need not be regarded as religious worship but phasis on Faith Healing should win its adherents simply as showing loyalty to the throne and rev- by the millions. The explanation is probably that erence to the heroes of the nation-something like the suffering individual realizes through his physithat which goes on in the heart of a loyal Ameri- cal suffering that there is also a sickness of the can when he bows to the flag or takes off his hat spirit which even modern medical science cannot at the Lincoln Memorial. Unfortunately Shinto cure and which finds more help from the sympathy religious tradition is so bound up with the doc- of a friend or from faith in a power other than trine of sovereignty and the Emperor's divine de- man that can heal all man's infirmities. scent, and these shrines of the state cult of Patriotism have for so many centuries been the very One of the striking things about Tenrikyo and leading shrines of Shinto as a religion that the several others of these modern Shinto sects is present official interpretation is not understood their changing conception of "that power other by the people. And furthermore, the ceremonies than man." As is well known, Shinto has always conducted officially at these state shrines of pa- been grossly polytheistic. The conception of the triotism have definitely religious elements in them. divine has been rather crude and still is in the Thus both earnest Buddhists and Christians find minds of the masses, both among the Shintoists and the Buddhists. The writings of the founder of Tenrikyo also exhibit exceedingly unworthy conceptions; in fact, in so far as they have any or Buddhists. It is naturally from this large circle clear meaning they represent a hodgepodge of that Christianity wins most of its adherents since popular Shinto and Buddhist beliefs which could many of them are already adherents in spirit if make little appeal to the intelligent mind. But the not in name. very obscurity of meaning in these writings lends itself to "Re-interpretation" and this reinterpre- From what we have said thus far about the re- tationis going on today in the most astonishing newed interest in religion manifesting itself in way. Thus in a volume by a recent apologist of present-day Japan the reader might get too san- Tenrikyo we read that while this religion affiliates guine a picture. Th.e situation is on the whole itself with traditional Shinto it constitutes in real- rather encouraging, especially to anyone who ity "a religion quite new and independent, without knows what was the attitude towards religion in savouring in any way of Shintoist creed." We Japan some twenty to twenty-five years ago. But are also told that though in its creed it does not in spite of this more favorable atmosphere today rej ect belief in the myriads of gods of old Shinto religion still has an uphill fight. Japan is in the it reduces their number to ten original gods; and stream of modern life. There is here, as there is then the apologist explains that these ten gods are in America and Europe, a preoccupation with so but "ten attributes" of the divine. All through many things in life that religion often does not -the volume the writer speaks of "Kami" God, get a real hearing. There is also that ignorance rather than of the various gods.. And more sig- about what religion might mean to an intelligent nificant is the fact that the content of the word modern man, the assumption being that religion God is taken far more from the Christian concep- must necessarily mean what it meant to one in tion of God than from the old Shinto conception. childhood and what one naturally outgrows. Then in Japan there is the adqitional difficulty that even The Widening Influence of Christianity though there are progressive elements in the old religions the vast majority of the adherents of A third major index of present-day interest in these religions are the more or less backward ele- religion is in the steady growth of Christianity ments of the population, thus confirming the and its influence far beyond the circles of profess- thought that religion is necessarily identified with ___ _ ing Christians. What we have just said above something which the enlightened man outgrows. about the transformation that is taking place in On the other hand, religion in Japan has an advanthe non-Christian religions of Japan is itself elo- tage because of its connection with the old which quent testimony to the tremendous influence of it has not in the western world; for Japan, in Christianity on modern Japanese life. This is spite of her open-mindedness for the new, still openly acknowledged by leaders in these religions shows a remarkable reverence for the experience and is self-evident to anyone who, with an open of the past, including man's religious experience. mind, looks at what is taking place. If, then, Christianity can, on the one hand, give Organized Christianity in Japan is still rather a message of life that has met the needs of men in weak when measured in terms of numbers, con- the past and yet, on the other hand, formulate this stituting less than one-half of one per cent of the message in a way that will be really intelligible to population. However this small Christian church modern men it will get an increasing hearing and is now truly indigenous to Japan. It stands on its following in present-day Japan. Critics of J apaown feet in a way that can hardly be said of the nese Christianity point out its preoccupation with young church in any other land outside of Europe doctrine and its failure to apply Christian princiand America. The leadership of the church is in- ples to the actual problems of life. It is true that telligent, truly pious and thoroughly Christian. there is perhaps too much interest in mere doc- In actual Christian quality the church in Japan trine but it should be remembered that in a land compares favorably with the church in any land. where there is such a mingling of things new and Then beyond the organized church is a large circle old and where Christians come into close contact of so-called "non-church" Christians. Many of with adherents of other religions it is important these are of the finest Christian type. And beyond that men know clearly what are the great essenthese "non-church" Christians is a much larger tials of the Christian Faith. A religion of mere circle of people who do not call themselves Chris- activity might only add to the confusion of thought tians but.who are nevertheless truly religious and which is already too characteristic of the modern religious in the Christian way rather than other- world. The religion Japan needs is the religion wise. 'Their whole outlook on life is in many ways the world needs, a vital faith in the Living God that of the average Christian, and if they would known supremely through Jesus Christ, and a call themselves by any name they would rather faith that expresses itself in service to one's felcall themselves Christians than either Shintoists low man in the spirit and manifesting the love of Christ.

Twenty–Five Books on

Recommended by REV. WILLIS G. HOEKJE, D.D., Tokyo, Japan Missionary of the Reformed Church in America Not since 192'3-24, the year of the great earth- closes with an appeal in the words of one of the quake, has the foreign mission study of the Amer- younger Japanese Christian pastors and eduican churches concentrated on Japan. The accom- cators. panying list of books, chiefly of later date, is intended to serve study groups and their leaders, WORLD TIDES IN THE FAR EAST discusses the and to contribute to deeper understanding of the leading factors and tendencies in the spiritual life Japan of today, her development and her needs. of Far Eastern lands, and presents the claim that their quest can only be satisfied by Christ.

A. THE STUDY BOOKS. B. GENERAL REFERENCE BOOKS.

For Adults: 6. Japan Christian Year Book. Published in 1. Suzuki Looks at Japan. By Willis Lamott. Japan. Available from Foreign Missions Friendship Press, New York. 1934. Conference, New York. 1934. 2. Christ and Japan. By Toyohiko Kagawa. Friendship Press, New York. 1934. 7. Japan. By Inazo Nitobe. Charles Scribner's 3. Japanese Women Speak. By Miss Michi Kawai Sons, New York. 1931. and Mrs. Ochimi Kubushiro. Central Com- mittee on the United Study of Foreign Mis- 8. The Romance of Japan Through the Ages. By sions. Cambridge, Mass. 1934. J. A. B. Scherer. Doran, and the Hokuseido, Tokyo. 1933. The first four study books listed are alike in their effort to present the point of view of J apa- 9. The Tinder Box of Asia (Manchuria). By G. nese Christians rather than that of onlookers or E. Sokolsky. Doubleday, Doran, New York. 1932. outsiders. They may with profit be compared with the still noteworthy study books of 1923: Fisher's 10. Laymen's Foreign Missionary Inquiry Reports: "Creative Forces in Japan"; Axling's "Japan on Volume VI, Japan. Fact Finding Group. the Upward Trail"; and Miss De Forest's "Women Harper and Brothers, New York. 1931. and the Leaven in Japan." 11. Christian Education in Japan. Report of Com- SUZUKI LOOKS AT JAPAN is a thoroughgoing dis- mission, International Missionary Council, cussion of the outstanding aspects of the Christian New York. 1932.

movement in Japan, set against the related back- 12. Japanese Customs: Their Origin and Value. grounds. The writer employs the method of try- By W. H. Erskine. Bethany College Book ing to state his conclusions very much as would a Store, Bethany, W. Va. typical, thoughtful head of a Christian family in 13. The Faith of Japan. By Tasuku Harada. Japan. Macmillan, New York. 1914. CHRIST AND JAPAN, by the most widely known THE JAPAN CHRISTIAN YEAR BOOK, published Japanese Christian, discusses the crucial facts and annually by the Federation of Missions with asthe unsolved problems which reveal his people's sistance from the National Christian Council, gives a resume of recent significant events, a sur- vey of the immediate situation, and other up-to- date information, including statistical material and a list of missions, mission stations and mis- sionaries.

supreme need of Christ. Dr. Inazo Nitobe, Japanese internationalist and Two outstanding Christian women of Japan col- Christian, before his recent death wrote on JAPAN in one of a series of books on the world's nations. laborate in JAPANESE WOMEN SPEAK, to present This is a comprehensive discussion of the essential a survey of the activities and aims of Christian facts, developments, and interests of the life and women in Japan; and in doing so they introduce history of his people. us to many of their notable colleagues.

For Young People: THE ROMANCE OF JAPAN THROUGH THE AGES 4. Typhoon Days in Japan. By Robert S. Spencer. is suggested as offering an understandable outli1).e Friendship Press, New York. 1934. of Japan's entire history, although other books 5. World Tides in the Far East. By Basil Math- serve much the same purpose. Dr. Scherer inter- ews. Friendship Press, New York. 1934. estingly records the special characteristics of the A missionary of the second generation, writing successive historical periods, and of their repre- TYPHOON DAYS IN JAPAN, describes for America's sentative cities.

Christian youth the questionings of modern young The Laymen's Inquiry FACT FINDERS' REPORT Japan, and its desire for understanding. He ON JAPAN presents the fruits' of the survey of [476 ] 1930-31, in an interesting variety of source mate- devotion to Christ, son of the God of Love. A rial, partly interpreted by graphs, etc. book that will help is LOVE THE LAW OF LIFE. CHRISTIAN EDUCATION IN JAPAN is the report of the Commission which carried out a full survey What the missionary is doing, in close associaand study of this educational work a few years ago. American and Japanese Christian educators tion with Japanese colleagues, is set forth for cooperated in preparing this authoritative summary of their findings. evangelistic work in the brief sketches included in An approach to the interpretation of JAPANESE HIGHWAYS AND BYWAYS OF JAPAN. A recently CUSTOMS from the viewpoint of comparative religions and culture is illustrated in Dr. Erskine's developing movement of rural evangelism and work, which is always thought-provoking, even when entire agreement is not won. The same ef- Christian service is outlined and its importance fort of missionaries to get at the essence of the religious forms and customs about them is evident strongly emphasized in THE OTHER HALF OF in Brumbaugh's "RELIGIOUS VALUES IN JAPANESE CULTURE," recently published by the Christian Lit- J APAN. The gratifying success of the method erature Society of Tokyo. known as Newspaper Evangelism is set forth in Within the faiths of Japan there are several common religious conceptions, almost universally THE PRESS AND THE GOSPEL. ' held and understood. Dr. Harada's presentation of these in THE FAITH OF JAPAN will be found sug- A unique method of Christian service, the work gestive, although not an adequate substitute for detailed study of religion in Japan. For those who of a lady missionary among prisoners, is introwould go deeper, one might mention as of recognized worth, though not always readily available, duced to us by the account of A GENTLEMAN IN Reischauer's "STUDIES IN JAPANESE BUDDHISM" and Holtom's "THE POLITICAL PHILOSOPHY OF PRISON. Such life stories take their own' worthy MODERN SHINTO"-books by missionaries. place as fine apologetics for Christian missions. C. POPULAR BOOKS. Japan's womanhood is introduced to us in THE 14. Kagawa. By Wm. Axling. Harper and Broth- ers, New York. 1932. DAUGHTER OF A SAMURAI, "very charming auto- 15. Love the Law of Life. By Toyohiko Kagawa. biography of a Japanese Christian woman." We John C. Winston Co., Philadelphia. 1929. must not, however, forget the new world in which 16. Highways and Byways of Japan. By Mrs. Lois J. Erickson. Fleming H. Revell Co., New many of her sisters live, something of which we York. are told of in Dr. Faust's NEW JAPANESE WOMAN- 17. The Other Half of Japan. By Edward M. Clark. Evangelical Press, Harrisburg, Pa. HOOD.

18. The Press and the Gospel. By W. H. Murray- D. FOR YOUNG PEOPLE AND CHILDREN. WaIton. Student Christian Movement Press. London. Available from Missionary Educa- 21. A Japanese Grandmother. By Mrs. Emma G. tion Movement, New York. 1932. Lippard. Fleming H. Revell Co., New York.

19. A Gentleman in Prison. By Miss A. C. Mac- 22. Japan and Her People. By Ethel M. Hughes. donald. Fleming H. Revell Co., New York. Friendship Press, New York.

20. The Daughter of a Samurai. By Mrs. Etsu 23. Japanese Here and There. By Margaret E. Inagaki Sugimoto. Doubleday, Doran & Forsyth and Mrs. Ursul Moran. Friendship Company, New York. 1925. Press, New York.

One biography that must be read by up-to-date .' 24. Kin Ghan and the Crab. By Mrs. Bertha H. students of Christianity in Japan is Axling's Converse. Friendship Press, New York. KAGAWA. It is sympathetic, orderly, passionate, and revealing. Well worth mentioning is blind The theme of Japanese family life is portrayed Prof. Takeo Iwahashi's brief autobiography, in A JAPANESE GRANDMOTHER. Mrs. Lippard's "LIGHT FROM DARKNESS"; also Dr. Hiromichi ability to present attractively things Japanese is Kozaki's "REMINISCENCES OF SEVENTY YEARS," further illustrated in her FLORAL CALENDAR. with its comments upon evangelistic and educational policies. Both are published in Tokyo. Some would include among the study books JAPAN AND HER PEOPLE, JAPANESE HERE AND Once introduced to Toyohiko Kagawa, one will THERE, and KIN CHAN AND THE CRAB. Prepared wish to abide a little longer under the spell of his as they are respectively for Intermediates, Juniors, and Primary groups, they are intended not merely for reading or consecutive study, but also as sug- gestive for projects and other activities.

E. PICTORIAL.

25. Japan, a Pictorial Interpretation. Tokyo Asahi Shimbun, Tokyo, Japan. 272 pages. 3 Yen.

Various mission study materials aiming at visu- alization are available upon application to denomi- national Boards. Among these may be mentioned copies of the monthly, "The Christian Graphic," published in Tokyo, Japan. The last book of our list, a popular, not religious publication, will also aid beyond measure in visualization of Japan as a whole. JAPAN, A PICTORIAL INTERPRETATION, all in rotogravure, covers many subjects.

Studies on

Prepared by REV. C. W. IGLEHART, D.D.

I. Japan, the Land and the People. Location. doms. Temptations. Moral tests. Marriage cus- Reef. Skirting Asatic mainland. Islands. Moun- toms changing. The city. Swift migrations to fac- tainous, forests, volcanoes, earthquakes. Nature tory life. Overcrowding. Slums. Bad laboring varied and beautiful. Contacts with China and conditions. Poverty. Sickness. Vice. Exploita- Korea. Natural isolation. Size. The people. tion. Despair. Social movements. Communism.

Whence immigrated? Northern Mongols; South Both laborers and farmers. Students. "Danger- Sea Islanders. But not homogenous. Their homes. ous Thoughts." Fascism. Worship of emperor Food: rice, fish, tea. Industries: silk, cotton, and State. Army and Navy espouse cause of com- manufactures. mon people against financiers. Materialism.

Reading. "Japan" in Encyclopedia Britannica, Troubles abroad. War with China 1895, with Rus- or Clement: "Handbook of Modern Japan," La- sia 1905, World War. Manchuria and the loss of tourette: "The Development of Japan." world sympathy. Meaning of the struggle. The Discussion Questions. 1. What is the difference panic of fear over security. Access to basic neces- in outlook of people who live on islands and those sities. Overflow.

who live on a continent? 2. What is meant by Reading. Same as I. Also Matthews: "World "race"; and how may they be distinguished? 3. If Tides in the Far East," or Brown: "Japan in the we were overcrowded, how should we solve our World Today," or Eddy: "Challenging the East."

problem? Discussion Questions. 1. What did Japan gain, II. THE JAPANESE, Their Civilization and and lose, by accepting the modern ways? 2. What Spiritual Heritage. Original stock. Lovers of na- makes Japan militaristic? Nationalistic? 3. Has ture. Worshippers of sun, mountains, trees, etc. America truly renounced war? Have you? .

Buddhism comes to China. Its teachings, worship, IV. THE CHRISTIAN MOVEMENT IN JAPAN.

literature, art, music. Confucianism. Philosophy. First missionaries. Their contribution. Reli- Ethical code. Ancestor worship. Family system. gious freedom. Wide diffusion of Christian ideas. Feudelism. "Bushido." Chivalry. Medireval art, Influence upon leaders. Present work. crafts, disciplines. Folklore. Legends. Some The Kingdom of God Movement. Kagawa. His Japanese heroes. "Japanese spirit." Life. His work. The Movement. 1930-1934. Indi- Reading. Same as for I. Also Nitobe: "The vidual conversion. 12,000 meetings. 50,000 deci- Japanese Nation," or "Bushido," or Mitford: sions. Rural regeneration. Farmers' institutes.

"Japan's Inheritance," or Brinkley: "History of Social salvation. Employes and labor conferences.

the Jap." Lay workers' training schools. Christian "Inter- Discussion Questions. 1. In what respects is our nationale."

cultural heritage different from that of the J apa- Reading. Fisher: "Creative Forces in Japan," nese? Better? or worse? 2. What values do we or Matthews: "World Tides." Axling: "Kagawa."

see in Buddhism? Confucianism? Shinto? Also literature from M. E. M. or Bd. of Foreign III. MODERN JAPAN, Transformation and Missions. Otis Carey, "History of Christian Mis- Problems. Opened by Commodore Perry, 1852. sions in Japan" (2 volumes). Accepts modern ways. Political changes. National Discussion Questions. 1. Is it easier for a youth government. Communications. Transportation. to be a Christian in Japan or America? 2. What Roads. Social classes abolished. Universal pub- is the secret of Kagawa's power? 3. How defi- lic education. Health and sanitation. Armyand nitely are we applying the Kingdom of God Move- Navy. Merchant marine. Commerce. Industry. ment motto, "Thy Kingdom Come-in my heart, Growth of cities. Confusion today. Eastern and in my world!"

Western traditions side by side. Houses. Archi- V. FUTURE RELATIONSHIPS, Our Share in Sav- tecture. Art. Music. Dress. Drama. Movies. ing Japan and the East. America's initiative in Literature. Personal traits and ideals. Moralob- opening Japan. Helpful and creative influence for jectives. Religious beliefs and organizations. fifty years. Change since Russo-Japanese War. Critical problems at home. The farmer. Lack of Present negative trends. California agitation.

land. Low price of crops. Taxes. Mortgages. Immigration exclusion. Newspaper war propa- Tenancy. Backward conditions. Isolation. Dis- ganda. Censure regarding Manchuria. Navy content. Break-up of the family system. Sons building program. Dislike. The Challenge to going into industry. Daughters, also. New free- Christians. (1) To be friendly, intelligently criti- [478 ] cal, understanding, sympathetic. Thus creatively resourceful, competent, and have a large capacity help Japan through American public opinion. for leadership. Their feudal history has developed (2) To influence public policy. Must allay Japan's in them intense personal loyalties, and their na- fears. Find peaceful security for all nations. tional tradition continually calls forth amazing (3) Correct evils in America that we condemn in responses of self-sacrifice.

Japan. Become pattern Christian nation, thus Today, the Christian constituency is still small; lead Japan. (4) To maintain missionary link with but out of all proportion to its number is the in- Japanese Churches, and assist them in winning fluence it exerts on the life about it. The Koku111Jin Japan for Christ. Shimbun, one of Tokyo's great dailies, this year Reading. Recent magazine articles. Apply to listed six hundred people as the foremost leaders Missionary Education Movement or Missionary in all walks of life. Among these it included Research Library, New York. thirty-two Christians-ten times their ratio to Discussion Questions. 1. List all unfriendly acts population. It is these people, and the other of Japan toward us in the past 25 years. List our church members behind them, who are Japan's friendly acts toward her. 2. Are missions less hope in leading her away from a worship of mam- needed or more in an increasingly complicated mon or Mars, to the humble but victorious path- world? 3. What alternative is there to an inter- way of the Cross of Christ.

national Christianity in solving modern world Need for Missionaries in Japan problems? 4. The need of Japan and all nations for Christ. Are missionaries really needed in a country like Japan where law and order are well' established, Some Japanese Problems Japan stands at a pivotal point in the world's where the people are civilized and intelligent, and history, full of potentialities for good or for evil, where the Christian Church is already planted?

challenging the efforts of Christians within her 1. There are ten thousand villages in Japan borders, and the prayers and friendship of Chris- where the Christian message is never heard. Not tians in America. Her problems are legion. They all the Japanese evangelists during this genera- are the problems of growth and unfolding life. tion can get around to them. There is a crying She, therefore, faces in exaggerated degree, and need for the help of missionaries in pioneering with inadequate preparation, all the difficulties evangelism.

common to the other advanced nations in this 2. The rural community-serving church would modern world. exactly suit the present needs if adapted to the Japan also has her unique problems in her peo- country people in Japan. The Japanese church ple's struggle for a bare subsistence. With the feels the need but is lacking in trained leadership modern knowledge of health the population is in- for this field. She is calling for missionary help.

creasing by a million a year. Under basic strains 3. Rapid city developments with their industrial like this a people are likely to give way to a panic problems have shown the place of the neighborof fear, with consequences which they never in- hood church, and of service for laboring people. tend. Every other country has its own troubles, The church in Japan longs for expert guidance in so that they have made it harder for Japan by this area of need. closing their doors to her people, by raising trade barriers, and by agreements among themselves. 4. In the past, missionaries have done effective work not only in evangelism and the development The lot of the farmer in Japan is well-nigh un- of churches and in education, but in the field of endurable. He is the nation's strength, but he public morals and reform. There never was wider cannot get a living for his family from his two- opportunity for such tasks than today. and-a-half acre farm, much less fill the mouths of the city people. So debts are piling, mortgages 5. Every school is a seed-plot in which missionare strangling him, and his children are leaving ary teachers find unlimited scope for shaping the the old home for the city. The swift industrializa- ideas and ideals of large numbers of young people. tion of Japan has sucked her people into the cities 6. Professorships in the theological seminaries faster than social or moral adjustments can pos- offer places of creative influence on the Japanese sibly be made. These two fields-the farmer in church leaders of tomorrow.

the rural community, and the factory worker in 7. Individual work for individuals, and the use the congested city-are white unto the harvest, of the home for personal contacts will always re- calling to the Christian Church for laborers. main the central task of any missionary. With Notwithstanding their problems and difficulties, only one Japanese in two hundred a Christian, and the Japanese are sound material on which the yet with almost everyone ready to listen, a mis- Spirit of God may work. Adversity has trained sionary may exert Christian influence in many them to industry and thrift. They are dependable, directions and be effective. Effective Ways of Working 'Tested Metlwds for Increasing Interest at Home EDITED BY MRS. ESTELLA S. AITCHISON, GRANVILLE, OHIO ~'==========~I~ Fellowship Plans for Better it sounds a call for Japan and paper animals, etc. This book is Service America to join hands in work- a child's treasury of delight. ing for peace. (Cloth, $1.00; ($1.00 and 75 cts.) "Little Kin No more profitable and cer- paper, 50 ets.) Chan" (75 cts.) and "Mitsu; A tainly no more picturesque sub- Little Girl of Japan" (50 cts.) ject could have been chosen for Junior high school pupils will this year's foreign mission study find fascinating reading in "Ja- are delightful reading books for than that of Japan-the pic- pan and Her People" ($1.00 and the smaller tots. turesqueness deriving its value 60 cts.); "Young Japan" (25 not from "art for art's sake" but cts.); "Our Japanese Friends" Not included among the books rather from its lure to lead from (50 cts. and 35 cts.) the resthetic to the evangelistic. of the United Study Course are The happy coordination of home "Friends in Nippon" is the several charming supplemental and foreign topics enables each outstanding book for juniors. Its to furnish background and at- stories were prepared especially volumes. "Leaves from a Japamosphere for the other and so with a view to establishing nese Calendar," by Emma G. enrich the entire program. The friendship between the boys and Lippard, (special price 35 cents) effort should not be to emphasize girls of Japan and our own land. differences in manners, customs, It is well adapted for program is a fascinating book for juniors social conditions, etc., but rather work, worship services or use in of which the introduction by a to seek an understanding of the week-day meetings. (75 cts. and Japanese ambassador says: Oriental heart and find therein 50 cts.) Its leaders' book, "Jathe basic needs and hun g e r panese Here and There," is par- The splendid response attending which Christ alone can satisfy, ticularly valuable in its many your efforts in missionary activities whether in East or West. suggestions for activities, discus- warrants you in placing first hand sions, etc. Any intelligent person knowledge of the children of Japan In the abundance of material can handle a group with its help. before every American child. May for study displayed at summer ($1.00 and 50 ets.) "If I Lived they learn the truth about the land of conferences, your Department in Japan" is a valuable supple- the cherry blossoms and come over to Editor is at a loss how to choose mentary book imported from the few that can be exploited in England. (40 cts.) see us someday. The book is said to the space available. Send to your be "a most accurate, clever, natural own denominational headquar- "Kin Chan and the Crab," for and up-to-date account of our chilters for the specific publications primary children, is invaluable. dren's life and their ways of thinking. with which to augment the fol- The first section contains stories The information is absolutely accurate lowing; but in one way or an- for the little folks, while the sec- and the words and expressions the other, conserve the values of ond has background notes cover- most natural and adequate ones for the united effort by using the stand- ing all important details of J apa- respective circumstances, which shows ard mission study books either nese life, and "specific notes on the author's wonderful command of for study or as a basis for pro- each of the stories furnishing our language." grams. full teaching details." Section 3 is rich in outlines of materials, Each chapter stands for a Jap- Glimpses of the Literature plans, devices, games, pictures, anese month, dedicated as they suggested activities, projects are to special flowers, thus: [The Mission Study books are also noted (inclusive of that for making a on pages 476-47,9'.] village), songs and worship serv- 1. Taro takes his age in the Month ices. "Notes from a Teacher's "Japanese Women Sneak" will Notebook," in the last portion, is of Pine. be quite generally used by wom- full of directions for trips to mu- 2. The Great Cold comes in the en's societies. It is "a message seums, dramatizations, puppet from the Christian women of shows and such like devices. The Month of the Plum. Japan to the Christian women of final folder has designs for trac- America," and on a background ing off patterns of friezes, dolls 3. The girls have their festival in of what has been accomplished and their wardrobes, silk and by and for the Japanese women, the Month of the Peach. [480 ] 4. Taro starts to school in Cherry Blossom Month. 5. The boys' festival in the Wis- teria Month. 6. Rain and fireflies in the Month of Iris. . 7. Summer festivals in the Month of Morning Glory.

8. The Great Heat in the Month of the Lotus. 9. Grandmother begins to learn in the Month of the Seven Grasses. 10. The Emperor's birthday in the Month of the Maple.

11. The Emperor eats the new rice in the Month of the Chrysanthemum.

EFFECTIVE WAYS OF WORKING

12. The Price of Peace in the Month The invitations may be real Japa- is always served. Make Japanese flags of the Camellia. nese cards or sketches copied and tint- and stick one in the top of each nap- ed. The wording conforms to the kin. As a final course, pass around a "A Japanese Grandmother," J,apanese custom of humbling hostess tray on which are pieces of crystalby the same author, introduces and exalting guest, such as: lized ginger, around each piece being us into intimate family life by wrapped a fact about Japan. These way of a keen, capable, sacrifi- "We invite your noble self to con- should be read in quick succession. ciallittle grandmother. (75 cts.) descend to be present at our humble "Beautiful Japan"-a solo with cho- Still another good story by Mrs. Japanese 'At Home,'" with date, time rus, will be furnished with words and and place following. music for three cents. Lippard is "s e con d Hand," The program is heralded by the In the "Program Plan Book" used which portrays in a Japanese set- playing of Oriental music at the piano. by the same national society, Alma ting the story of an American Then the person in charge gives a young man working out his dif- greeting to the assembled guests ex- Palmer McKibben gives valuable helps ficult life problems and his ulti- plaining that the Japanese, in their for those using the children's book, mate decision for Christ and mis- extreme politeness use phrases which, "Friends in Nippon." (Price, 5 cents.) sions. (75 cts.) when interpreted into English, sound She states that while the textbook may very strange, such a'S: "Your un- be used as a story book, "It will be of "The Monologue of a Japanese worthy sisters of the – – – Society, infinitely more value if it comes to the Bride," by Mrs. Lippard, is a which they represent in so inconsider- children in the midst of activities and three-page leaflet of graphic able a fashion, welcome you, their dis- experiences which make the Japanese word picturing, adapted for a tinguished guests, to this wretched children real people rather than story memorized impersonation by a Japanese party. It is a contemptible book characters." "Japanese Here and girl in native costume, and makes hospitality which they offer you in this There" (mentioned among books cited good program material. (2 cts.) shabby room; but they rejoice greatly in a foregoing paragraph) is strongly Still another exercise by this that you have so graciously honored writer is an excellent adaptable the unrivalled persons who organized recommended to effect this transforprogram for a thank-offering our unexcelled Society as to be pres- mation of subject matter. meeting entitled, "Japan Gives ent this evening. The insignificant Thanks." It contains devotional, ladies who offer you these paltry greet- Miss McKibben urges that the active impersonative and dramatic ma- ings implore you to hang your pre- cooperation of all the children should terial, with full directions for eminent selves upon the meagre seats be enlisted in the entire program of action, stage settings and cos- and kindly receive their inferior ef- activities of the group, making them tuming. (10 cts. Mrs. Lippard's forts to entertain your most superior feel that the organization is their own leaflets and books may be ordered selves." in every sense of the word. from the Literature Headquarters, The United L u the ran A song and pantomime by two lads The monthly programs may well be Church in America, 723 Muhlen- in Japanese costume may well follow. planned with reference to the special berg Building, 1228 Spruce St., The boys look at each other scowling Festival Days of Japan, a poster Phila., Pa.) and then wonderingly at the audience: stressing each day and decorated with its flower symbol being displayed well Programs Oh, dear! what can the matter be? in advance of a meeting falling in the Dear, dear! what can the matter be? same month. (See citations of chap- The following outline, abbre- Oh, dear! what can the matter be? ters in "Leaves from a Japanese Calviated from a program in "Com- endar" in foregoing text, for the fesplete Program Outlines for Aux- Strange is this land of Japan. tivals.) iliaries," a pUblication of the Woman's Foreign Missionary The rooms they first dust to make The November Thanksgiving pro- Society of the Methodist Episco- ready for sweeping; gram fits well with "The Month of the pal Church, B 0 s ton, Mass. Chrysanthemum," as the Emperor al- (price, 10 cents), shows how On hard wooden pillows and quilts ways eats his first new rice and gives textbook subject matter may be they are sleeping; thanks, which is followed by a general used for popular meetings. It is Thanksgiving in Japan. "Perhaps the called, "A Japanese 'At Home.''' With funny old clogs what a racket children can bring rice and fruits to they're keeping; be distributed to the needy, as this is Japanese atmosphere is created by a custom prevalent in both countries." abundant decorations of crepe paper (Shuffling noise with feet.) The story. for this session should. be wisteria, plum and cherry blossoms Things are oddly mixed up in Japan. the second chapter, "Little Thmk fastened to tree branches, pine boughs, paper lanterns, miniature Japanese He begins at the end when he reads Nothing." gardens displayed here and there, etc. his queer paper; The platform or a corner of the as- The third chapter about "The Ricksembly room is arranged as in a Japa- He draws his plane toward him-an- sha Man" fits in with December celenese home-few, simple furnishings, other odd caper; brations in Japan and America, the matting or rugs on the floor, low stools text being used to guide the children for tables, cushions to sit on cross- He builds his roof first-what a funny to an understanding of the meaning legged, and at one end a tokonoma or house-maker- of stewardship-the sharing life. place of honor, a step higher than the rest of the room, with flowers arranged What upside down ways in Japan. "The Strange Little Girl," in the in native style upon it. It is the place (Motions illustrate each line, whirl- fifth chapter, fits in with the flower where special respect is shown to any- ing the hands around for the last one.) and the New Year's festivals in both thing placed on it or anybody invited countries, the children using the greetnear it. Japanese Women at Home: The ings and salutations of their Japanese leader introduces this part of the pro- gram with brief statement of the po- friends. sition of women in the home, using material from this year's textbook, Chapter 6, with its story of "The pages 132 and 158, last paragraph to Old Plum Tree," adapts itself to the end of chapter. She then presents February meeting "in the Month of the those who are to impersonate in cos- Plum." Since this festival marks the tume Japanese women, for which see birthday of the hero, Jimmu Tenno, it textbook (1) p. 145; (2) pp. 141-143; falls in nicely with our own hero (3) p. 139. month. Other Japanese heroes, like Kagawa and Neesima, may be intro- A Japanese tea ceremony or a pan- duced. tomime, "Froth of the Liquid Jade" (price, 10 cents), may follow. Re- In March, which features the girls' freshments may consist of small sand- festival of dolls, the story from the wiches, wafers, cakes,. candies, nuts, book might be omitted and descriptive etc., putting one portion of each kind matter from other sources substituted. into a white paper napkin,. bringing "The girls might each bring a little the four corners together and fasten- ing securely by twisting or tying. Tea

doll and these could be arranged on Should citizens be asked to promote "Cruise with Christ" and its shelves as the Japanese girls arrange international welfare at the expense program theme, "Starting on their dolls, a tea party served in Japa- of their own national welfare? Our Queen Esther Cruise," City nese style ending the day." Missions being featured. Oc- If you were a Japanese Christian tober brings Citizenship, "Cruise April features are the reading of would you send your son to a Chris- with Christ," and the considerachapter 7, an outdoor meeting similar tian college in view of all the circum- tion of migrant work on the first to the picnics held by the Japanese stances? port of call. when everyone goes out to view the beautiful cherry blossoms, etc. Should every denomination in Amer- November has Stewardship, ica or Japan have its own theological with thank-offering features and Quite full details for .use of text, seminary? a program topic of "The Negro" handwork and specific program devel- as the port in view. opments in each month of the year are Should we ignore other religions althus given in the pamphlet. Its group together and confine ourselves to the In December there is Worship, projects include: Arranging a Japa- presentation of Christianity? and the port is any point where nese room, making a miniature Japa- a mission hospital is under the nese garden, kiites, paper flowers, Should we look forward to the decay direction of the Women's Home kimonos, wall friezes, scrap books for and disappearance of other religions? Society. Japanese kindergartens, collecting things made in Japan, taking a trip Or shouW we look forward to their January majors on Friendship to a Japanese store, practicing flower gradual transformation until they and the beginning of the textarrangement, sending flower seeds to eventually pass into Christianity? book study on "Out of the Far Japan, dramatizing a day in a Japa- East" and "Gold Mountain," the nese home, a doll festival, etc. Cita- Should we study other religions cruise being considered as adtions are given for directions in carry- carefully in order to attack their weak venturing in Christian friending out the activities. points and expose their inconsisten- ship with Orientals. cies? Helps for Pastors and Leaders February continues the mis- Or should we study them in order to sion study, directs the cruise to Do you want material for understand what in Christianity will Spanish-American ports and feas t ron g, challenging presenta- make the greatest appeal? tures payment of the budget to tions that will link them up with the Island Possessions. the world situation and com- Should we cooperate in efforts to mand the respect of thinking reform other religions? March deals with "Friendmen and women, whether they ship." The textbook study is think they favor missions or not? Think over the whole situation in rounded up by touching at the Read "Suzuki Looks at Japan," Japan and decide on something definite Indian's port and studying him the study book by Willis Lamott, that you will do to help. in his native surroundings. and then let its subject matter filter through t hat analytical ALL ABOARD WITH THE In April "Discipleship" afpamphlet, "What Do You Think fords opportunity "to test our about Japan?" Here the mean- METHODISTS own discipleship as we visit the ings and implications of the J ap- Oriental after our three months' anese situation are brought into This is nautical year among study of him." the spotlight and the immediacy the Methodist women, the theme of a major world problem stands for their home missionary year In May, "Kinship" takes the out. In addition to true-false being "Fellowship," with protests for class work, s t ron g gram features developed under passengers to far Alaska to statements of national and inter- that figure. The Queen Esthers study child life. national problems and keen anal- (the girls' organization) are yses of con d i t ion s we have definitely going on a cruise to In June, "Workmanship" is glossed over, there are many visit all the places listed on their questions for discussion that de- budget. Their declaration of tested as the year's study and mand the severest soul-searching purpose says: work near their close, this venand honesty. How would you ture involving a landing and a answer such as these? Life is a great ship loaded with a trip overland to the National rich cargo of many things to be de- Training School at Kansas City. How do you explain the fact that so livered to many people in many places. large a share of the earth's surface is God is the owner of the ship and I July and August are given to under the control of the white races? am the captain. Everything I have Comradeship, in vacation expe- aboard-my talents, capacity, person- riences with a purpose. The Because Japan started late in the ality, privileges, my money, my time- summer camps furnish "Optionrace for colonies, should she. be de- is a cargo to be delivered. God has al Trips." Incidentally, a fiveprived of her share? intrusted it to me for his children in dollar award is offered for the every place. I do not own what I best digest of study books or an Has Japan as good aright to con- possess. lowe it. God made me the original daily prayer or a new trol Eastern Asia economically as the capta;in of the. ship and it is my job United States has to control Latin to brmg the ShIP to the right port and design for the cover of "The America? discharge the cargo. Queen Esther Guide."

Is there any difference between Jap- In the list of the year's cargo What a fertile motif this anese expansion in Manchuria and are the textbook and auxiliary year's theme furnishes for im- European expansion in Africa? literature, the special depart- aginative young folks! ments in the woman's home mis- What foreign policy do you think sion magazines, certain leaflets The foregoing plan was ex- Japan should pursue in view of her and demonstrations, etc., promincreasing population and limited sup- inent among which is "The Of- ploited and illustrated in a conply of food and raw materials, and in ficial Log Book." ference of Queen Esther girls at view of the exclusion acts and tariff barriers of other nations? Each monthly program is Lakeside, Ohio, last August. fascinatingly developed in har- mony with the dominant figure. Thus: September topic is Member- ship, its devotional keynote is BULLETIN OF The Council of Women for Home Missions ANNE SEESHOLTZ, EXECUTIVE SECRETARY,. 105 EAST TWENTY-SECOND STREET, NEW YORK ~'=I~~~========~~====~~H~ An Experimental Utopia in Hawaif PROBABLY THE EARLIEST OF THE FIVE KAW.AIAHAO CHURCH BUILD- The present Kawaiahao church INGS. THE PRESENT BUILDING OF STONE IS SOMETIMES building was erected by the men THOUGHT OF AS HAWAII'S WESTMINSTER ABBEY of the congregation, who worked as volunteers in five groups, each Together in Worship iloko a ka Zuni), St. Paul and all group working one dav a week. missionaries like him would be The coral blocks of stone which Praising God is not dependent moved to adore "the Father, make up its walls were hewn on language forms. When the from whom every family in from the reef near the harbor Kawaiahao congregation, the heaven and on earth is named.'" entrance. The church was six oldest Hawaiian church in Hono- years in building and is the fifth lulu began the morning services On April 19, 1820, a mission of church buildings. It was dediwith, Hoonani ika Ma Kua Man band of ten workers, with the cated in 1842, "to Jehovah our (Praise God from whom all five C ham b e rIa i n children, God, forever and ever." It is blessings flow) and continued the bravely began housekeeping in sometimes referred to as "Hapraise with Ku lou i ke Lii, ke thatched huts in Honolulu. On waii's Westminster Abbey." In Lii Malu na e (0 Worship the April 24th, the first Sabbath was the regular Sunday morning King, all glorious above), the observed "to bring to the notice services there is a short English white persons present worshiped of the people the sacred day of message (Haiolelo Haole) folalso, for truly God is a Spirit to God." The message was based lowing the Hawaiian sermon be worshiped in spirit and truth. on "Fear not, for behold I bring (Haiolelo Hawaii). The interior Likewise, when the congregation you good tidings of great joy is impressive in the beauty of its prayed, E kai oe, e I ehova (Guide which shall be to all people." It simplicity. A beautiful white me, 0 Thou Great Jehovah) and was probably interpreted, al- cross dominates the spacious, united in the prayer which unites though the missionaries had quiet interior. all followers of Jesus Christ, studied the Hawaiian language namely "Our Father who art in during the one hu'ndred and On Sunday, August 5, 1934, Heaven" (E Ko Ma Kou Makua sixty-three days journey from the English message concerned Boston. Several educated Ha- the visit of Nicodemus to Jesus. • The title Is copied from one at the head waiian youth had accompanied Nicodemus went because Jesus of a different article written by Dr. F. G. them. It is' of interest that be- Himself was a miracle to him. Krauss, Director of Agricultural Extension fore leaving Boston the church We today can be miracles as Service of the University of HawaII, and body or congregation had been Jesus. Why go over the world appearing In The Friend, January. 1934. organized. to seek God when He is within The Friend is the oldest newspaper West of each of us? "Get down on knees, the Rockies. Published once a month since [ 483] seek the inner man within our- 1843. selves, and bring forth the God expression of each of us, to be made perfect like Jesus."

The Church of the Crossroads, begun over ten years ago in Hon- olulu, has served youth of both the student and the past student groups. Young married people of the community, unaffiliated with other churches, have become members. The Covenant in which each member joins as his decla- ration of faith and loyalty, fol- lows: We believe in one God, the Father, BIRTH RATES AND DEATH RATES IN HAWAII 1931-1932 through Jesus Christ, His only Son, our Lord and Saviour. We believe in (Births Classified by Racial Stock of Child Born) the Lord Jesus Christ as the revelation of the loving purposes of God for Population Births per Deaths per Rate of Increase all men, and we are united in seeking, 1930 1,000 1,000 per 1,000 by the power of fellowship with him, to make ourselves more abundantly 12,592 Popu.lation Popu.lation Population useful in the service of our common 780 Master: Asiatic-Hawaiian 78.1 13.2 64.9 15,632 We therefore covenant together to 139,631 All others 57~ 33~ 24~ uphold this Church of Christ for worship, for mutual helpfulness in Christ- 6,671 Caucasian-Hawaiian 49.7 13.8 35.9 like living, and for more effective serv- 63,052 Japanese ice to our fellowmen. 27,179 30.3 7.2 23.1 Porto Rican The Church of the Crossroads 6,461 Filipino 28.9 12.5 16.4 is the outgrowth of the convic- 27,588 tion of young people of Oriental 44,895 Chinese 23.3 8.5 14.8 ancestry for services conducted 22,636 Korean in the English language. The 22.9 12.1 10.8 Religious Education Committee 1,219 Portugese of the Hawaiian Board of Mis- 22.6 10.1 12.5 sions desirous of seeing whether Other Caucasian such a religious group would Hawaiian 21.7 9.1 12.6 pro v e permanent launched a Spanish "Young People's Service." In 17.8 8.4 9.4 1923 forty persons requested the formation of a church and a full 16.5 23.7 -7.2 decrease time pastor. Galen R. Weaver, was called June 1, 1923 to work 11.9 10.3 1.6 as full-time pastor of the congregation. There are two classes of 368,336 Total all Races 28.2 9.7 18.5 membership, namely, resident (1920) (1921-22) and affiliated. There were 77 39.3 14.3 25.0 charter members of whom twelve 255,912 Total all Races were adults or non-students. Today there are Chinese, Japanese, is principal, is a public school. To day Palama's $200,000 Anglo-Saxon, Filipino, and other The children are all American budget brings medical, dental, races in membership, and the citizens but of the varied ances- nursing, recreation and health children are in the C h u r c h try indicated above. The teach- education to some 50,000 indi- School. The majority of mem- ers a Iso are a cosmopolitan viduals. The Settlement as a bers are originally from non- group. The school does not be- voluntarv agency stands ready Christian homes. little the importance of subject as always to assist the official matter. The objectives of the governmental agencies in the Playing Together program of t his "laboratory adequate performance of their school may be stated in terms of tasks. The above chart of "Birth The school pupils, in their com- social or character education, in Rates and Death Rates in Hamunity, interested in playing to- terms of vocational education, waii" will indicate "the togethgether are not hindered by dif- and in terms of cultural educa- erness" of the task of having ferences in color of skin, dress, tion." The teachers constantly people dwell happily and wholeor language. They understand evaluate their work in terms somely together. each other and playas well as such as health, initiative, restudy together even though there sponsibility, whole-heartedness, A not her illustration of tomay in a group of forty pupils cooperation, and open-minded- getherness in worship, study, be Hawaiian-Chinese, Hawaiian- ness. The occupational activities play, and service can be found in Japanese, Hawaiian-Caucasian, are planned to do three things; the activities of the federation Hawaiian-Puerto Ric a n, Chi- "first, to supply those conditions of business girls' clubs of the nese, Japanese, Filipino, and most adapted to developing gen- Y. W. C. A. Four hundred young others. No adult might fully un- eral social insight and responsi- women of the different nationaliderstand the mixed language bilities; second, to enable the in- ties in Honolulu are bound tospoken on the playground; in dividual to find himself vocation- gether by their common needs, the school hours they speak Eng- ally; and finally, to lay the foun- interests, and enjoyment of life. lish. dations for competence in some specific vocations." Paradise of the Pacific Studying Together The curriculum all must center Jesus said to the neighboring The Kawananakoa Experi- around real needs of the pupils. thief on the cross, "Today thou mental School, Honolulu,of The big aim of (the new educa- shalt be with me in Paradise." which Robert M. Faulkner, M.A., tion) is to bring about a fuller The territory of Hawaii is often and more intelligent living, right referred to as Paradise. This now." title quite obviously applies to climate and natural beauty of the Together in Service islands, and to a discerning ob- server, Paradise might refer to In the heart of Honolulu's the actual dwelling together in most congested district, Palama one place of national groups who Settlement, founded thirty-six in other places misunderstand years ago as Palama Chapel by each other. True, the term "par- a few courageous exemplars of adise" does not necessarily im- Christian service, today wields ply 100% perfection. It does an influence throughout the is- connote much that is desirable. land of Oahu. It is in fact a great It implies successful social ex- public health and social welfare perimenting and a possible center. "utopia in Hawaii."

OUfM!~~~'!::!~feCuS~~~?ok

~'-'=-=-=====-=====-=-==-===============-==~I~' —-: JAPAN -CHOSEN sion sisters will work among the Tokyo Y. M. C. A. dealt with girls employed in factories and camp leadership. Camping in- A Fontune Put to Work native helpers will work among creases in popularity. men. What may be the result in Anniversary of St. Paul's Japan if men of wealth and vi- The Bible by Radio University sion surrender wholly to Jesus Christ and His service may be The first Bible Society broad- St. Paul's University and Midseen in the following statement cast from Tokyo took place last printed in the Indian Witness: March, when Dr. Ibuka spoke on dle School, Tokyo, founded by "Deeply impressed by the work "The Bible and Its Moral Influof Nishida Tenko, a noted Bud- ence." A few days later, a Chris- Bishop Channing Moore Wildhist social worker in Kyoto, a tian lawyer – a teacher in the son of K. Okazaki, Japan's larg- Imperial University, and a pop- liams in 1874, is celebrating est bicycle manufacturer and ular and earnest Bible expositor millionaire politician, decided to -spoke six mornings in succes- its sixtieth year. Alumni and leave home and spend three sion on the cardinal points of years in service to others. He Christianity. As one result of friends are marking the event traveled over the country doing this broadcasting there have all sorts of menial tasks for the been increased sales of Bibles, by an effort to secure additional poor, without thought of remu- and many letters are received neration. During this period he daily. local gifts. The school began wore a band about his shoulders proclaiming his belief that the Sacrificial Service with six little boys in a rented inheritance tax in Japan should be doubled. At first his attitude Mr. Kurihara, Rural Secre- house. Now there are about greatly troubled his family, but tary for the Japanese National finally Mr. Okazaki was com- Christian Council, completed his 2,000 stUdents, boys and young pletely converted to his son's first year of service last March. view of life, and has, as the first During the year he visited fif- men; 254 were graduated last step in his project for social teen prefectures and rendered service, placed 1,000,000 yen at valuable assistance in the Peas- spring from the university, and the disposal of a committee com- ant Gospel Schools, by conferposed of Yoshida Tenko, Col. ences anO addresses on rural 200 more fro m the middle Gumpei Yamamuro of the Sal- work. The Council's budget vation Army, Mr. Tokutomi, a would have made it impossible school. Full government recog- Christian newspaper editor in to continue this work had not Tokyo, and Dr. Toyohiko Kag- Mr. Kurihara sacrificially de- nition was accorded twelve years awa." clared his readiness to carryon regardless of a 68 per cent cut ago. -The Churchman. A Novel Mission in his salary allowance. Korean Boys Accept Christ The Liebenzell Mission began Leadership Training its work only five years ago The Rev. Bliss W. Billings, among the country people in J a- Japanese Christians are stress- missionary in Seoul, spoke durpan. In 1933 the first forty-one ing leadership training. Recently ing five days' visit in the city of Japanese were baptized in four several conferences have been Hamheung, at the Y. M. C. A., stations. The method of work conducted, one of the most out- the Christian Boys' School, and consists in street preaching and standing being under the aus- the Higher School for Girls. At the sale of Christian literature. pices of the Kingdom of God the boys' school he had an audi- A novel feature for reaching the Movement in Tokyo. It discussed ence of about 300. This is in a people of the country consists in the following problems: Chris- district where there has been a Gospel wagon drawn by a cow tian education, literary evan- much communistic talk, and and carrying a tent. The mis- gelism, industrial evangelism, there was fear that the meetings sionary travels from village to social reconstruction, rural re- might be disturbed. village with this model equip- demption, and international coment, preaching the Gospel. Mis- operation. Another interdenomi- "At the close of my meetings national institute held at the on Monday morning we had a decision service for the boys," writes Mr. Billings. "Two-thirds of these boys came from non- Christian homes, but one hun- dren and fifty-four promised to accept Christ as their Saviour and follow Him. One hundred and seven who were already Christians dedicated their lives anew to His work. One hundred and eighty-four promised to be more regular in church attend- ance. Only four out of 276 boys turned in blank papers."

-Christian Advocate.

[485 ]

ISLANDS OF THE SEA NORTH AMERIOA shall become operative in this and in other questions which now confuse our Missions on Bali Questionnaire on Union thought and action.

The work begun a few years A large partial union of Prot- -Presbyterian Survey. ago by the Chinese pastor, Mr. estant churches in the United Tsang, among his own people, States, embracing nearly three- Federal Oouncil's Movie is progressing in a most encour- fourths of the present Protes- Pledge aging way. To the 105 baptized tant church membership, is en- Chinese and natives of Bali, 130 visaged by Dr. H. Paul Doug- Before October 21, when a more have been added and the lass in a report of church unity concerted registration of views pastor is instructing 300 in- movements in the United States. on the motion picture industry quirers. But recently great ob- The study, which has taken be- is sought, the Federal Council stacles are put in the way of this tween three and four years to will send to all Protestant paswork. Many Christians are boy- complete, is based on replies tors, copies of the following cotted. Hindu landowners are from more than 20,000 persons pledge: refusing to rent land to the con- to questionnaires. These were verts and are cutting off their designed to test prevailing senti- I wish to join with other Proteswater supply and even refuse ment for or against church union tants, cooperating with Catholics and burial to the dead. in the United States. The re- Jews, in condemning vile and un- plies came from church leaders, wholesome motion pictures. I unite Rural Work in Philippines ministers, church officials, and with all who protest against them as the rank and file of the member- a grave menace to youth, to home life, In the face of retrenchment, ship of many different denomi- to country and to religion. I condemn the American Board is develop- nations. Of 16,355 persons re- absolutely those salacious motion picing new and effective methods. plying to a ballot on church tures which, with other degrading One is the approach to the rural union, two-thirds stated that agencies, are corrupting public morals problem, initiated jointly by Dr. they favored union of some sort, and promoting a sex mania in our Frank C. Laubach and the mis- either federal or general, while land. I shall do all that I can to sion churches. The latter em- one-third preferred separate de- arouse public opinion against the porploy a rural life expert, Am- nominations. Nine out of ten of trayal of vice as a normal condition brosio Torres, B.S., Iowa Agri- those voting favored the union of affairs, and against depicting crim.- cultural College. Half his time of related denominations. Al- inals of any class as heroes and is spent among the Mohammed- most exactly twice as many re- heroines, presenting their filthy philan Moros, the remainder in lead- plies favor union in some form osophy of life as something acceptable ing a group of Christian work- as favor the continuance of the to decent men and women. I unite ers who understand the needs of present denominational system. with all who condemn the display of rural folk. Theory is combined suggestive advertisements on billwith practical field work in a -The Churchman. boards, at theater entrances and the way to give a new conception of favorable notices given to immoral religion.-Missionary Herald. Declaration Against War motion pictures. Considering these evils, I declare my purpose to remain Outposts and Hotp.e Ohurch The Young Men's Club of away from all motion pictures which Broadway Tabernacle Church, offend decency and Christian morality. One of the little known, far New York City, has framed the I will try to induce others to do the distant outposts of Christianity following declaration: same. I make this protest in a spirit is the little Episcopal Church at of self-respect, and with the convic- Zamboanga, P. 1. The congrega- I have quietly considered what I tion that the American public does tion is made up about equally of would do if my nation should again not demand filthy pictures, but clean English-speaking people, either be drawn into war. entertainment and educational fea- American Army officers or Eu- tures ropean business men and their I am not taking .a pledge, because families, and of natives of Min- I do not know what I would do when School System Arraigned danao and Chinese. English is the heat of the war mood is upon the the language used in the serv- country. But in a mood of calm con- Prof. Walter B. Pitkin, author ices. Since Bishop Brent began sideration I do today declare that I of "Life Begins at Forty," says: work at Mindanao about 30 cannot reconcile the way of Christ years ago, between 50 and 60 with the practice of war. Almost everything we have done in Americans have been confirmed, the United States in education, and and many of these have con- I do therefore set down my name to especially in higher education, has tiued to be faithful church mem- be kept in the records of my church, been wrong. Recently I looked up the bers on returning to their own so that it will be for me a reminder educational record of several of those land-an evidence that the mis- if war should come; and will be a financiers who have ruined others in sion may reenforce the Church solemn declaration to those who .hold the past few years. Most of them at home.-Spirit of Missions. to this conviction in time of war that were either college graduates or the I believe them to be right; and I do recipients of honorary degrees from desire with my whole 1nind and heart our American colleges. I cannot be that I shall be among those who keep proud of an educational system that to this belief. turns out guilty barbarians.

I set down my name to make concrete Warden Lewis E. Lawes; of my present thought upon the question Sing Sing, has this to say: of war, and declare my purpose to think and talk with others about it, There is no moral force in the class- that my belief in the Way of Christ room. The prisoner boasts of a com- plete public school record and in many cases has reached high school and even higher institutions of learning. The failure of our schools and gen- eral educational methods is filling our

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

juvenile homes, our reformatories and Georgia, Tennessee, Alabama, Missis- convert of a revival a year later our prisons. There is hardly a juve- sippi and Louisiana, numbered nearly in Godthaab, largest town in nile institution that is not a crime in- 4,000, and at present the number of Greenland, felt the call, and soon cubator. students is only a little below the he and his wife were on their average for the past ten years. The way. Here is the sequal: A re- -School Executives Magazine. attendance at farmers' conferences cent Danish paper, Kristeligt and other specialized activities run- Dagblad, says: "The last heathen Capital Well Invested ning from a day or two to a week or more has actually increased, so that Eskimo in Greenland was bap- The 53 colleges and academies more than 10,000 Negro adults and tized on Whit-Sunday." This affiliated with the Presbyterian young people have received either Church have a total capital in- limited or full term instructions dur- tribe numbers 300. vestment of $94,931,847, of ing the year as compared with about -Alliance Weekly. which endowment funds consti- 9,000 during previous years. In adtute about $48,000,000; and dition to the actual school and con- LATIN AMERICA grounds, buildings and equip- ference work specially trained teachment about $46,000,000, an in- ers are sent to homes and cross-roads Perpetual Revolution vestment which during the year far back in the country districts, for 1932-33 benefited 24,831 stu- community service and school exten- In Mexico City a new monudents. Of the 46,476 graduates sion work. In this way definite in- ment is being erected which of all these schools, the number structions in home-making, sanitation, bears the inscription: To THE of ministers is 4,290; of mis- canning, agriculture and better living REVOLUTION – YESTERDAY, Tosionaries, 878; of full-time re- of every kind is conveyed to many ligious workers, 465; of work- thousands too remote, or too poor to DAY AND FOREVER. ers in the field of religion, 5,653 ; come to the schools. of workers in the field of edu- The National Revolutionary cation, 13,298;. of workers in -The Living Church. Party, which controls the presother fields of service, 27,525, ent administration, has dedicated according to statistics published Opium Smoking in U. S. itself afresh to the cause of soby the Presbyterian Board of cial reformation. Mexico is defi- Christian Education. Opium smoking is increasing nitely developing a large meas- in the United States to such an ure of federal control over all Bank Becomes a Church extent that Federal officials are departments of life. A recent alarmed. Stuart J. Fuller, Ameri- issue of a Mexico City news- can delegate to the sessions of paper carried these significant the League of Nations advisory headlines: committee on traffic in opium, A Mexican Baptist Church in shows that opium is smuggled "COMMISSION TO REGULATE "THE into the United States chiefly PRICE OF MEDICINE." Chicago meets in a building for- from China and Manchukuo. He says: "PROPOSAL FOR THE NATIONALIZAmerly a bank, but closed by the TION OF THE PETROLEUM INDUSTRY." The opium smoking vice, hitherto depression. Where the riches of on the decline in the United States, "PROPOSAL TO UNIONIZE THE PRO- has undergone a marked recrudes- FESSIONS WHERE INDIVIDUALS MAY earth were once closely guarded, cence. Over twice as much smoking PRACTICE AND WHAT FEES THEY MAY opium was seized in the United States CHARGE." the riches of heaven are now in 1933 as in 1932, and the first three months of 1934 showed seizures befreely passed out to the spirit- coming more frequent and quantities It is confidently expected that increasing. ually needy. In this church the this year an amendment will 8th Annual Spanish~speaking Triumph in Greenland pass both branches of the Mexi- Baptist Convention of the North In northern Greenland, a prim- itive tribe of Eskimos, as re- can Congress, 'which will require was held last April. Registered cently as 1904, lived entirely on raw meat and were clad only in that the Marxian type of socialdelegates numbered 171. Two bear skins. Two Danish ex- plorers who visited them that ism be taught in all schools. To new Mexican Baptist churches year to study their customs met an aged Eskimo who said to quote the language of the prowere recognized at Pontiac and them: "If you can give us a better religion which can help posed bill, its purpose is to free Flint, making a total of 22 us to live rightly, and give us peace with the spirits and with the country from religious prejchurches and missions scattered ourselves in this world and the next, please give it to us." udice and dogmatism, and to from Wichita, Kansas, to New Returning to Denmark, these provide a culture based on scien- York City. -Missions. explorers roused the church to answer this appeal, but while the tific truth, and to orient the church was willing to assume re- Kingdom Building for Negroes sponsibility, no one volunteered ideals and activities of the youth to go. A young Greenlander, The American (Protestant in the ser'l)ice of the collective Episcopal) Church Institute for Negroes reports valuable work body. Under this law it will be during 1933. impossible for any evangelical In spite of drastically reduced income, the Institute, which maintains school to continue. However, nine church schools for Negroes, has succeeded in paying every dollar there are no limitations put upon promised its teachers and other employees, and in discharging all finan- the distribution of Bibles or cial obligations of every kind incurred for the maintenance of the schools. tracts. There is also liberty to The total enrolment in the Institute's schools, which are to be found in teach children and adults in North and South Carolina, Virginia, church buildings. This opens be- fore the evangelical churches of Mexico an effectual opportunity to Christianize the rural masses which are at the base of the na- tion's life. -Missions.

One Man's Effort pel message. A petition signed it; I will strive to make it every- by men in ten Quicha villages where and always impossible." Here is the result of a Baptist begs for instruction in Chrisveterinary surgeon moving into tianity. An Australian mission- -The Christian Century. the town of Banes, Cuba. A ary, who visited them reports: new church with 65 charter Revival in France members was organized in this The Indians came in to end their city of 15,000. The veterinarian quarrels over land, and to give each A group of pastors in the dedicates a part of his income the right of neighborly good will. valley of the Drome, southern to rent a gospel hall and con- Fifty or sixty women and children sat France, are leading a revival ducts the services. Once a month on the ground, and standing round throughout the whole country. a Cuban pastor visits them. The them, in ranks four to five deep, were While the Protestant population achievement was without finan- the men. Nothing could exceed their of France is only two per cent, cial help from the Baptist Home eagerness in listening. Then they pre- there has been going on in that Mission Society – an organiza- sented a paper, written by Marcelino country for some years a movetion which supports four mis- Quespi, the one baptized Indian in the ment comparable to the Welsh sionary pastors. village and signed by forty-two men. revival. The Drome is an old In this they declared their united pur- Huguenot country, and the "good – WatchrJW,n-Examiner. pose to obey the teaching of the Lord seed" has been thoroughly sown Jesus Christ." through this region. Led by their Salvation on Devil's Island pastors in repentance, confession -So S. Times. and reconsecration, the congre- The French Government has gations followed, and a great inpermitted the Salvation Army to EUROPE crease in spirituality was noted, carryon Gospel work among the first in the lives of individual French criminal deportees of William Carey Centenary pastors and then in their flocks. Devil's Island, which is off the Conversions have followed in east coast of French Guiana. The 100th anniversary of the every village save one where this The Scottish Bible Society has death of William Carey was re- group has conducted meetings. recently sent 500 New Testa- cently commemorated in many Church attendance has doubled ments and 3,000 Gospels to the villages of England. At Moul- in many places, sometimes inisland. ton, where he was a pastor for creasing fivefold. Among the four years, two bells were added Christians there has been a re- Another "Christ of the Andes" to the parish church, one of them vival in spiritual life, in prayer, bearing his name and the other and in Bible study. Another statue similar to the the heads of his famous sermon. famous "Christ of the Andes," In other places where he had -Alliance Weekly. is being erected high in the dreamed his great dream "Carey mountains of South America on Sunday" was observed. This German Evangelicals Seek Aid the boundary line between Chile learned cobbler missionary masand Peru. The original statue tered thirty languages in India, The Protestant churches of of bronze stands 26 feet high on and superintended the transla- the world, represented at the ana granite pillar ~n the border tion of the Bible into all of them. nual meeting of the Universal between Chile and the Argentine He wrote grammars and diction- Christian Council in Fano, Den- Republic. Here it was placed 30 aries of these languages. He mark, were requested to send a years ago to mark the peaceful also farmed, ran an indigo plant, special emissary to reside in settlement of a boundary dispute built a printing press, estab- Germany for a few months. This that had disturbed the relations lished schools and colleges, evan- represents the desire of insurof the two countries for more gelized, visited the sick, and as gent orthodox German pastors than half a century. The new pastime, engaged in botanical to have a spokesman for the rest statue will commemorate the end research. of Protestant Christianity on the of strained relations between scene to help resist Reichsbishop Chile and Peru that began with Manifesto Against War Ludwig Mueller's determination the war of 1870 and ended in to place the entire German 1929 with an arbitration in The Christian pacifist groups church under the yoke of his which the United States had an of the British Isles, under the swastika dictatorship. important part. – Methodist chairmanship of Canon Raven Protestant Recorder. and Rev. Henry Carter, have is- Accompanying this proposal sued a manifesto, which con- will be one that all churches that Indians Respond in Peru cludes: are members of the Council di- rect their clergy to read from The Melbourne, Australia, Bi- We dare not go on pretending that the pUlpit periodically a report ble Institute, with a student body the ways of war are the ways or the on the condition of Protestantof 80, and the Perth, Australia, Father of all men. Nor dare we any ism in the fatherland of the Ref- Bible Institute have sent mis- longer tolerate the continuance of po- ormation. The press will be resionaries to Bolivia, where In- litical systems that, leading inevitably quested to give more publicity dians are responding to the Gos- to war, frustrate the will of God. A to the Reichsbishop's persecu- world that in its governments flouts tion of his opponents. God is blindly preparing for itself disaster ….. Each of us is bound in loyalty to say: "Because war is against the character and purpose of God, I will not only take no part in

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

Children in Spain pressure of the times required the converts number more than three giving more self-government to hundred, including two village chiefs The new government in Spain the native churches. There was -the first Gbari chiefs to confess tries especially to take care of much discussion of the financial Christ. Seed sowing in this southernchildren where the mortality un- stress (which was not caused most part has been done mostly by der one year of age had reached merely by the economic pressure converts visiting near-by villages, and 115 per thousand as compared of the times, but even more seri- in the space of a few weeks the 'Jesus with 70 in other countries of ously by the religious agitations ~ews' has spread and the people have Europe. In Madrid alone there which were unsettling the faith Joyfully responded. The converts inwere over 1,000 children street of Christian people). On the clude several very old men. In the beggars and in other cities the background of the trends in na- town farthest south, a young man percentage was little better. The tional thinking, the strain be- heard there were Christians in places government has now increased tween nationalism and the world to the north and came to Karu (a the number of public schools by wide nature of missions, received round trip of about 250 miles), to 7,000 in its fight against illit- an unusual amount of attention. find out if the Jesus news was true. eracy, and plans to add 5,000 It was agreed that un-christian He joyfully accepted Christ, and his yearly until there shall be 27,000 and unbiblical things must be whole village, including his father new schools. excluded as much as at all pos- who is the chief, have now turned to sible, but that the nationalistic ~he Lord. Two villages recently joined Lutherans in Denmark and racial tendencies are to be III one group, and spent the whole more fully considered in the night singing hymns. Denmark's established religion building of new churches. is the Lutheran. The national Love's LaboT Not Lost church, or iolkkyrkan, has over AFRICA 3,000,000 members, or about 98 Rev. Daniel Hastings, misper cent of the population. The The Bible or Death sionary of the American Board s~ate church has 2,393 congrega- in Bailundo, writes of seeing tIOns, 1,276 parishes, 90 dis- The Bible Society Record tells 4,000 people worshipping totricts, 1,564 ministers. of a robber chief in Egypt who gether; most of them first gen- stole a Bible from a colporter. eration Christians. A new church Other adherents numbered 67,- No Moslem could read it to him. was needed, and a call was sent 459, according to the census of At last he heard of a Copt who out to every adult Christian 1921, distributed as follows: could read it, and, throwing the church member to give four Book into the Copt's lap the rob- days' labor. This meant 11,000 Roman Catholics …….. 22,137 ber commanded him to read it people giving four days' work Greek Catholics ……… 535 to him. each – more than was needed, Methodists ………….. 4,858 but since all wished to help, they Baptists ……………. 6,989 "Oh, no, I cannot." were given that privilege. Adventists ………….. 2,622 "Why not?" Quakers……………. 13 "The Coptic priest would ex- In the Quipeio division, 100 Followers of Zwingli ….. 3,459 communicate me." miles from Bailundo, 75 new Reformed …………… 1,164 The robber chief brandished members have been received, and Anglicans. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 409 his club, and bade the man take after a series of conferences in Unitarians ………….. 195 his choice, to be excommunicated Omungo, 124 new members. Other Protestant Churches 1 762 or killed. So the Copt read. The Other Christian Churches '196 robber became interested, sought -Missionary Herald. Mormons …………… 487 out missionaries, and later was Jews ………………. 5,947 converted to Christ. Calling his Open Door in the Congo Otper Religious Faiths .. 3,942 robber band together he said: WIthout Any Designation 12,744 "I have always dealt squarely A medical school of the Eng- with you. Don't be afraid I will lish Baptists at Yakusu, turns -Lutheran News Service. squeal on you. But from now out boys who can stand up to on I don't know you, and you an hour's oral medical examina- Continental Conference don't know me." He became a tion in French by two visiting Christian elder, and helped to government doctors, and come This conference which was build a Christian church. through with 80 per cent. There founded in 1866 met this year are now 15 Christian boys in in Bremen. There were 70 rep- In Southern Nigeria training, and six have already resentatives of 35 mission so- gone out with the school's dicieties. They came from seven A spiritual awakening among ploma. Dr. Clement Chesterton, states of the European continent the Gbari tribe in Southern Ni- who has devoted several years and represented a total of 2,500 geria is noted in the Moody to building and equipping this missionaries. All reported finan- Bible Institute Monthly. Mr. hospital and school, has now cial difficulties; all were deter- Oliver, of the Sudan Interior been asked to organize complete mined to carryon, in spite of mission, .says: and regular visitation of two hindrances caused by the· active provinces, all traveling expenses encroachments of Islam, the in- A great advance has extended to being paid by the government. creasing propaganda of Rome the banks of the Niger River, and He writes: and the irresistible advance of Western culture. All reported Weare to arrange for treatment that doors were wide open every- of the sick, by erection, equipment where; but that the increasing and staffing of village dispensaries such as we already have in operation.

Organization and discipline of the WESTERN ASIA INDIA, BURMA, SIAM staff are to be entirely in our hands. Then and Now We have already accepted half the Turkey's Educational Advance area offered, and shall be receiving In spaking of the changes in from the government about £600 in According to the 1927 census, India, Canon Holland says: "I cash per annum and £4,000 worth of only 10 per cent of the Turkish cannot help but contrast the drugs. This means the sole provision population could read. At pres- series of meetings held by E. of medical aid to over 150,000 in- Stanley Jones with the series I habitants in an area of over 10,000 ent it is estimated that half the arranged for John R. Mott 25 square miles. people are literate. This prog- years ago. He spoke to that au- ress is chiefly due to evening dience for three nights and dared -So S. Times. schools for adults, introduced not mention the name of Jesus Why Change the Class Hour? four years ago. Education in Christ until the fourth night, the army has done much to di- Two women in Nairobi, East minish illiteracy. Primary edu- and when he did the whole meet- Africa, who come in from the cation is obligatory, and many ing broke up in confusion; the country every week to attend a a Turkish village school com- leading Hindus stalked out. The class in an English mission in pares quite well with similar in- East Africa asked recently if name of Jesus Christ stood for the class might begin and end stitutions in Western countries. everything that they hated. Now one hour earlier. The reason they Education is free of charge and gave was that the lions along even in government boarding you begin with the name of the way were getting trouble- Christ as your first word; you some, and even before sunset schools no fee for the mainte- nance is made. interpret Him for them in the light of their need; they sit here were prowling the roads. The Press in Persia night after night and want more -The Living Church. of it; I am astonished at the Livingstone Enshrined Political propaganda, espe- difference." cialy that of a communist type, – Watchman-Examiner. Overlooking the great cataract, has led the Persian Government Interest or Conversion? to issue strict rules as to the which he was the first European publishing and importing of lit- An Indian Christian who gradto see, a statue to David Living- erature. For a time no religious uated from St. Augustin's Colstone was unveiled on August 5, pUblication of any kind was per- lege, Canterbury, writes from 1934, on the brink of Victoria mitted in Persia, but permission Madras: was finally secured to publish a "Since my return to India and Falls. The ceremonies were pamphlet on Bible study by Dr. being in the thick of it, I have Robert P. Wilder. This is the become strongly convinced that broadcast to hundreds of thou- first formal recognition of the sands of listeners in Africa, right of the Persian Church to this is no time to draw attention publish literature in Persian for to what is good and noble in England and America. Former its own nurture-a milestone in Hinduism, but to emphasize the Premier H. U. Moffatt of South- the progress of religious liberty. A Christian dervish, Mansoor fundamental difference between ern Rhodesia unveiled the me- Sang, has kept up his great work our philosophy and theirs. The of scattering literature in outmorial in the presence of the of-the-way places, and the steady former method doe s make use of books and tracts by indi- friends for Christianity, particlargest crowd ever assembled at viduals continues.-Intermission Literature Committee of Persia. ularly among the Nationalistthe falls. The statue is so near minded youth of the country, but Persecutions in Turkestan we simply are not getting conthe thundering water that it will The Swedish Mission in Chi- verts. There is friendly curibe covered by spray during the nese Turkestan, which works osity, but not conviction of sin rainy season. The voice of the among Chinese and Moslems and or the need of a Saviour. The Premier was almost drowned in has its field of labor next to the heart still remains untouched the roar of the mightiest of mission of the Moravians in the and will remain untouched as cataracts as he said (in part: Himalayan country, has suffered long as we give the impression, "While Lincoln freed 4,000,000 inexpressibly through the col- however unwittingly, that one slaves in North America by a lapse of the Chinese rule in those religion is as good as another; stroke of the pen, David Living- that is to say, that Christianity stone in Africa struck at the at the most is only a crown and roots of the evil by exposing to fulfilment of Hinduism, and not the world the horrors of trade something essentially and radiin human beings, and he may cally dissimilar ….. The results well have saved an equal number."

This fitting tribute to one of the greatest of modern mission- parts. According to travelers of making a compromise with aries will immortalize for generations to come the life which and fugitives the mission has paganism are all too apparent brought the Light of the world been almost exterminated and and healing to Africa. many native Christians have in this area among Roman Cath- been cruelly put to death on ac- olics who are losing converts by – World Call. count of their faith. the hundred on the question of caste."-The Living Church.

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

Progress in Morals years has swelled the number of A Look at Burma Christians from about 10,000 to Under the Bombay Children's 90,~00. The dynamic principle Seven different languages are Act of 1924, 75 destitute children were rescued in 1933 and WhICh has contributed to the re- used by the Methodist Church in ~ent to the new Children's Home sult is expressed in the motto of m Umkerkhadi. In two cases the Medak Boy Scouts: "A clean its work in Burma. There is at the children were rescued from h~art, ~, clean home, and a clean prostitutes' houses. Under the vIllage. Some years ago a Hin- le~st one organized congregation ~ombay Prevention of Prostitu- du shopkeeper had been drawn tion Act of 1923, there were 196 t~ Christ by a piece of paper in wIth a regularly appointed pascase.s dealt .with according to hIS waste paper basket that con- ~ectIon 3 WhICh refers to solicit- tained the words "Blessed are tor for each language group. The mg. Of these, 195 resulted in the pure in heart,' for they shall cor;viction and only one in ac- census shows that there are q~Ittal; 28 cases were also dealt see God." When he heard that wIth under ~ection 5 for living it came from the Gospel of St. about 14,600,000 people in Buron the earnmgs of prostitutes, Matt~ew he bought a copy and and of these, 19 ended in con- read It through. Finding there ma, of whom about 10,000,000 viction, five in acquittal and four cases are still pending. These were other similar books in what are Burmans; but of the 33ce1~0s0u0s facts show that while the new was called the New Testament Christians listed in the laws to purify Bombay city op- he bought and read them all, and er~te .slowly, yet they are surely t~en ~sked the searching que~ report for 1931, only about 11 – brmgmg about a purer Bombay ~IOn, . Are .there any people livand are rescuing India's young mg.lt~e thts Book?" Becoming 000 Burmans are numbered. ' people from the grip of vice. a dIscIple of Jesus he did volun- tary Christian work so well that The Chinese-Indian District -Dnyanodaya. he was set apart for the min- combines in one administrative Sarda Act Evaded istry, and when he was ordained unit five language sections of There is g row i n g concern he preached for his ordination throughout India over the way sermon from the very text that ~or~ among Chinese and Indian the "Sarda Act" of 1929 (for ~ad led hi.m to Jesus, impress- ImmIgrants. t~e prevention of child mar- mg the Hmdus who heard him r~ages) has been systematically by his message on the clean The educational program is clrc.umvented. During the brief perIOd between the passing of heart 3;s the only remedy where- varied, racially. About 3 200 tth~eousAacntdsanodf Iintds iaennfuonrdceerm-eangt~ by IndIa can gain that vision of gIrls. were married, with the boys and girls have been redeivconmvance of Hindu priests. God which is India's goal. Money penalties were so light as -Dnyanodaya. ing Christian education in a systo be considered merely as an additional dowry. Women's con- tem of schools ranging all the ferences all over India are now resolved to create a healthier ,":ay from small, unregistered public opinion. While other religionists are not guiltless, vIlI~ge schools to high schools among the greatest culprits in the matter are the orthodox Hin- WhICh prepare candidates for dus. At a recent Sarda Conference, resolutions were passed university entrance. to the effect that marriages should be null and void that are -Christian Advocate. contracted in contravention of existing laws, that district mag- The Church in Dornakal Winning a Hold in Burma istrates should be empowered to prevent such marriages, and At a meeting of the Andhra .E.. Carroll Condict, Baptist that the age of consent should mIssIOnary dentist, writes that be raised.-Dnyanodaya. Christian Council it was shown he extracted 78 teeth for Bur- ~ans, Chinese and Indians dur- Living the Gospel that .there were 25,000,000 peo- mg a seven-hour visit at Kama. He feels that in no other way Methodist work in the Nizam's ple m the Madras Presidency could he have done so much to dominions during the past 25 prepare ~he way for the Gospel, and the Nizam's Dominions. Of and that It was a splendid object lesson in helping others. He re- these 818,699 nuarmebeCr hwreisrteiaRnos~' p.ort~ a movement toward Chris- 85,760 of this tlamty among Southern Chins. The 372 baptisms in 1933 was a man Catholics, i. e., about four- d?zen m.ore than double the pre- YIOUS hIghest number baptized teen per cent. The growth during m a year, which 'was 180 in 1932.-Burma News. the decade in the Christian com- munity in the Telugu districts w.as fifty-two per cent as against Another Boon Itt nmeteen per cent only in the non-Telugu dis t ric t s. The One of the results of the for- growth in the Madras – Telugu ~ati?n of the Church of Christ districts during the last forty m Slam was the withdrawal of years may be shown thus: m.issionaries from the city of No. of Christians: Pltsanuloke, 250 miles north of 1891 1901 1911 1921 1931 B~ngkok. The name of Boon Itt 136,122 288,689 348,604 455,766 693,692 Percentage wIll always be associated with of increase 112% 21% 31% 52% the founding of Christian work Chr:istians have increased five- in this city in 1897. He was the fold smce 1891. The increase in the Hyderabad State during the first Siamese to study abroad last ten years was 142 per cent. and return to his own land for -C. M. S. Outlook. Christian work. He died in a1f9t0er4~ from cholera. Not long

ward the Boon Itt Memorial In- year-has just reached maturi- The services of Buddhists and stitute was founded and served ty, so to speak. Its growth has Taoist priests shall be dispensed with. as a center for young men until been slow but steady, a growth taken over by the Y. M. C. A. with a great purpose always in All superstitions in connection with Today there is another Boon Itt the foreground, that of giving the funeral shall be disregarded. his son, at Pitsanuloke. Dr. S: aid both spiritual and physical B. Boon Itt is a graduate of to those afflicted with leprosy. Finally the hope is expressed "that Silliman Institute and the Uni- all . farsighted people can combine versity of the Philippines. For On January 29th, the anni- theIr efforts to break down extravaseveral years he has had an im- versary celebrations took place. gant customs." portant government position in Foreigners, officials, 1e a din g Siriraj Hospital in Bangkok. He merchants, church members, stu- Flood and Drought Losses has now resigned to take charge dents, all who could make the of the mission hospital at Pit- trip to the islands were invited. An official report represents sanuloke with the aim of making H. E. the Lord Lieutenant of it self-supporting. No mission Bayab Circle was the principal China's flood and drought losses doctor has been resident for sev- speaker. It was His Excellency's eral years, and the need is great. father who was largely instru- as in excess otwf o$-1th,0i0rd0,s00o0f,0t0h0~ That the son of the founder of mental in securing the island site and covering Christian work there should join for its present use, and it was with other national leaders in his father who opened the first nation's area. The drought has an all-Siamese program is a permanent buildings in 1913. hopeful sign that the new church affected 343 counties in four- CHINA will succeed. teen provinces; the floods 112 -The Christian Century. A Needed Reform counties in thirteen provinces, Paul Whang, an observing Ch~nese with a Yale background, and the locusts 68 counties in belIeves that one of the principal causes of poverty among his eight provinces. countrymen is due to the enor- mous sums they expend on mar- It is believed the death list in riages and funerals. He calls this "atrocious improvidence." Antung exceeds 600, most of In Shanghai it is common for $20,000 (Mex) to be spent on a these being Chinese in the poor- single wedding or funeral. In marriage it is the fashion that er section of the town. Prob- spacious halls must be rented for the occasion, dinners of no less ably 30,000 persons are home- than thirty courses must be given, and noted actors and ac- less. The Manchukuo Govern- tresses must be engaged to en- Getting Into Operation tertain the guests. ment has rushed aid to the area.

In the first General Assembly "In case of a funeral a costly -New York Times. native or imported coffin must be of Siam's National Christian procured for the deceased, and Opium Problem Again Church, representation was not a long procession, with the parconfined to church officers; there ticipation of hundreds of Bud- The National Christian Counwere women delegates, teachers dhists and Taoists and other par- cil has recently appointed a comand evangelists. While the newly aphernalia, must parade through mittee on narcotics in order to organized church is of Presby- as many busy thoroughfares as find out what the Church can do terian background regarding or- police permit. with regard to China's rapidly ganization and doctrine, groups growing drug menace. State that had other forms of baptism An Association for Marriage monopoly in Manchukuo and the are to follow their own custom. Reform has adopted a number emergence of clandestine fac- Three major standing commit- of regulations, among them: tories in China present a new tees were formed-Evangelistic phase of the problem. A Chris- Educational and Medical, and That all wedding gifts and dowries tian conference held in Manthese in turn were subdivided to of the bride must be Chinese native churia decided to get in touch embrace every phase of activity. goods. with the Japanese churches to see what could be done about the The churches are grouped into That banquets given on the wedding uncontrolled nature of the traffic day shall not exceed $4 for each table. in that territory. Since the narseven districts, or presbyteries, cotic traffic in China is now so six according to geographical di- That no wedding gift shall exceed largely involved with militaristic vision and the seventh consisting the value of $1. interests, what was once mainly of Chinese churches and groups a moral problem for the church wherever they may be. They are In regard to funerals it is proposed is now an intricate political that: problem.-Christian Century. as follows: The cost of the coffin shall not be Chiengmai Province; Chiengrai and more than $200.

Lampang; Nan and Prae; Pitsanu- loke and Bangkok; Nakawn PSrraittoammae~ Bible Discussion Group Ratburi and Petchaburi; Rev. Lyman V. Cady, of Cherat and Trang; the Chinese churches. 100 School of Theology, writes in the Missionary Herald of a General Assembly is to meet Bible discussion group formed once in three years, with ad in- largely from the faculty of the terim business assigned to a new 1y organized Shantung Provincial Medical School. On council of fourteen members. that faculty are two Christian -Siam Outlook. doctors, one of whom especially was an eager witness to his Leper Home Silver Anniversary Chiengmai Leper Asylum has just passed its twenty-fifth

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

faith. Mr. Cady, who was asked of Christ in China. Over 50 per planation of the origin of all war to lead the discussion, writes: cent of the Shensi church mem- and human strife. This is that bers were found to be illiterate, most human beings eat meat of Dr. Chow, whose daily Christian the percentage of learners un- one kind or another. This necesliving, charming persol1ality, and able to read being as high as 75 sitates the killing of the animal Christian enthusiasm had outworn all per cent. It was thereupon eaten. After death, the soul of derision and criticism of his col- agreed that the first essential the slain animal is born again in leagues, had brought the president of was to organize literacy classes, a human body; but the soul the college, the dean of studies, four to require that the voluntary su- maintains its hatred of the huother faculty members, and a number perintendent and teacher should man that killed its former incarof nurses and students. We talked be found locally; students to pay nation, and in the body of the freely, had typically skeptical Confu- for their own books and writing human it seeks revenge for the cian reactions to spiritual things, and materials; and a suitable build- past wrong. Thence comes all the reflection of Western materialistic ing, with tables, forms, a black- human strife, bitterness and scientific training which these men board and chalk, to be provided hatred into the world. To beg had been through; yet there was locally. For each class conform- forgiveness for having eaten an open-mindedness, and a readiness ing with the above regulations meat is thus to ask mercy at havfor discussion. a grant of $6 would be given. ing wittingly created hatred and strife. We have passed from the question Rev. A. Keith Bryan writes: of whether tqere is a God, to the MISCELLANEOUS closer and more personal one of "How From the way in which their eager Can I Know God?" Weare now com- faces lit up when we made known our Men and Missions Sunday ing to the heart of things in "Draw- proposal, it was evident that the suging Near to God in Jesus Christ." gestion met a real need, though in Sunday, November 18th, is rec- Each time we use our New Testa- some cases it was difficult to find a ommended for the observance of ments. Some teachers come from suitable building, and in others to find "Men and Missions Sunday," in other government schools; wives of persons willing to undertake this piece all churches. Last year this was faculty members; two trained agri- of service as teacher or superin- observed by Christian leaders culturists from Cheeloo Experimental tendent. In others there was fear in 837 cities and towns. The Farm; two lawyers from the city. that the grant would be insufficient churches need some plan by The enthusiasm and the personal work to cover necessary expenses. Next to which the responsibility for the of Dr. Chow is the living center of the eager way in which those unable missionary task might be shoulthis whole enterprise, and he con- to read and write welcomed the idea, dered by the men of the church. tinues to draw men into our group. the most pleasing thing was the will- The women have a Women's Mis- ingness of some people to undertake sionary Society-but only where A Steady Growth this voluntary service. In a few cases exceptional leadership is avail- the difficulty was not to find a teacher, able is there a Men's Missionary In the Paotingfu field of the but to select a teacher from the five Society or club. American Board there are 90 or six people who were all eager and organized churches and 17 vil- willing to teach. A missionary-minded pastor lages which have regular wor- will not find it difficult to enlist ship services. An important The Buddhist View of War the cooperation of some of his phase of the work is the reli- laymen in planning for an apgious education in these village Chinese Buddhist seers and prc,priate service once a year. churches. Classes have been held the Lamaists have prophesied a An interdenominational commuin 87 of them this past year, world war of unprecedented pro- nity men's missionary supper with a total of 2,070 men and portions which is to break out may be arranged where the lay- 533 women enrolled. More than this year. Just now 108 Lama men of one church may encourthree quarters of that number monks are chanting prayers day age the men of other churches are under 30 yers of age. In the and night for 108 days that the or communions to take their Leaders Training classes 2'35 world may be saved from such a missionary obligation more serimen and 21 women were en- catastrophe. There are alto- ously. rolled. From these classes in- gether 170 monks, 60. of whom creasingly better material is are snatching brief periods of An attractive manual entitled found for the work in the local rest while the 108 continue their "The Hope of the Nations," has churches and classes. chanting. This is happening in been prepared by the Laymen's the chief Lama Temple of Pei- Missionary Movement, 19 South -Missionary Herald. ping. The ceremony is said to be LaSalle Street, Chicago, giving most impressive. The prayers suggestions and material which Mass Education in Shensi are being offered to bring man- will be of help to any who wish kind to cease their strife and to assist in this nation-wide pro- The Christian Church in Shensi hatred. They express repent- gram. has been stirred to attack the ance on behalf of humanity for literacy problem within its own having eaten meat, and promise Money, received and administered borders, and success has fol- never to do so again. The Pei- and distributed at the feet of Jesus, lowed the effort. A Shensi ping Chronicle gives an explana- becomes one of God's choicest channels Synod of Religious Education tion of this: "This rather pecul- of grace to myself and others.-An- Board was formed in 1933, to iar way of praying for peace drew Murray. coordinate the branches of reli- springs from the Buddhist exgious education already existing in Shensi, and to develop them along lines advocated by the General Assembly of the Church Our Missionary Bookshelf Books Briefly Reviewed for the Readers' Information The Other Half of Japan (A Rural pire. There is rich illustrative who was born in Baghdad near Perspective). By Edward M. Clark, Ph.D., Professor of New Testament material for ministers, class the very spot "where the last of Exegesis and Rural Evangelistic Problems in Chuo Theological Sem- teachers and friends of mis- the 'Abbasid Califs surrendered inary, Kobe, Japan. 198 pp. $1.50. Evangelical Press, Harrisburg, Pa. sions. Incidents of heroic Chris- to the Mongol conqueror." In six 1934. tian pioneers among the J apa- chapters we have the story of Here is a valuable piece of nese, facts revealing need be- Harun better known from the work. Dr. Clark's double appointment is an interesting one yond any thought of casual Arabian Nights than from the and the book reveals both aspects of his interest. A typical American Christians, plans for historic sources on which this bisentence on page 73 refers to "the full Gospel, of which good approaching these great rural ography ought to have been health must be admitted to be part." In similar fashion Dr. areas, description of the Rural based. Clark warns us that "nothing is Community Parish, of which The author first sets the stage, to be gained by assuming too pronounced an attitude of sym- 1,000 are needed in Japan, and then portrays his hero in golden pathy with these fine old religions. They are fine and they a score more of vital matters' prime, followed by the tragedy are old but they have not the dynamic which Jesus portrays have their place. Readers will of Barmak, a stain on his otherand which He alone can give learn many things in this book wise great career, and closes through faith. The prevalent superlative attitude of friendli- which they never knew before with an account of the aftermath ness toward the old religions seems to reveal either a lack of but need to know if they are to and retrospect. experimental knowledge of the help Japan most rationally. power and value of the Chris- S. M. ZWEMER. tion religion or little more than a book knowledge of the older re- The average farmer's family Chrisltian Missions and a New World ligions." Culture. By Archibald G. Baker. lives on 1,044 yen a year and a S vo. 321 pp. $2.00. Willett, In this definitely Christian yen is worth just now 30 cents mood, and with no harsh terms, Dr. Clark discusses the rural with normal value of 50 cents Clark & Co., Chicago. 1934. problem in Japan, using the factual material from the Japan American money. Dr. Clark This book is an attempt to volumes of the Laymen's Inquiry and many other documents proposes the "planting" of a ru- deal with a very real problemwhich authenticate or illustrate his theses. The Danish Folk ral group on a small plot of the relation between religion and Schools furnish a background for part of the discussion, but ground to maintain a full Chris- culture. It deals in particular stress is laid on Farmer's Gospel Schools for Japan. The tian witness, showing how farm with the relation between Chris- Harima Mission, a project under the eye of Dr. Clark him- life can be lived nobly, self-sup- tianity and a universal culture self, is a large begining of such a movement but it appears in porting, helpful, expressive of of the future. The volume conmany other sections of the Em- the total Gospel of our Lord. tains very interesting descrip- Foreign agencies, like missions, tive data of the psychological may become sponsors for these and historical forces which de- rural projects so long as they termine the relationship between need such aid. The whole scheme culture and religion, but it does involves a 40-year project, of not seem to us to deal basically which the first five years would with the true problem of either.

be preparative, the next five ex- Two main impressions are left pansive until at least 100 Par- upon the reflective reader after ishes are under way, followed by he has gone through these pages.

a 30-year continuous program. The first is the naIve lack of It appeals to the imagination realism in dealing with the cul- and to Christian common sense. tural problem; the second is the CLELAND B. McAFEE. strangely naIve affirmation of Harun Al Rashid. By H. St. J. B. religious naturalism. Philby, C. I. E. 159 pp.; 5. Pub- How extraordinary that a book lished by Peter Davies, Limited. like this could be written at a London. 1933. time when its underlying as- This remarkable little book is sumptions of an immanent law by the well-known explorer of of progress in human affairs, Arabia. It was written at Mecca and of the autonomy and self- and is dedicated to his daughter sufficiency of man, are being AllY of tile bools lloted in these colllmns will be sent by the I!,EVIEW publi~hers Qll receipt of prIce.

[494 ]

1934J OUR MISSIONARY BOOKSHELF

rudely challenged by contempo- against the affirmation of a cos- Yonan, was for some years rary events and thinkers. We mic Power, which is supremely professor in Urumia College, can detect in these papers no Process, stands a living God in Persia. audible echo of awareness that whose power all process is plas- tic. Above and beyond Jesus, Japanese Women Speak. By Michi something very revolutionary as the "center of reference" for Kawai and Ochimi Kubushiro. 12 has taken place in life and mo. 204 pp. Paper, 60 cents; cloth, thought during the last two an incomplete culture in search $1. The Central Committee on the decades. No one can adequately of an apex or a soul, stands United Study of Missions. Camface the problem of culture with- Jesus Christ, the center of his- bridge, Mass. 1934. out facing Albert Schweitzer's tory, the meaning of life, the This mission study book is in- tended also for collateral readcontention that in our time there Seeker and Saviour of men. J.A.M. ing. It is charmingly written by is no such thing as a true "cul- these two exceptional Japanese ture" which can be shared with The Belo,ved Physician of Teheran. Christian women. Miss Kawai anyone, because modern thought By Isaac Malek Yonan. Illus. 12 and life are informed by no is sometimes spoken of as "the mo. 117 pages. $1.00. Cokesbury greatest woman leader in Jagreat ethically signIficant idea. Press, Nashville. 1934.

A basic discussion of culture to- Here is a truly remarkable, pan," and Mrs. Kubushiro is at day cannot escape the reexami- and remarkably true story of a the forefront of all movements nation, whether to justify it or for helping girls and women. In reject it, of the whole conception Moslem Kurd of Persia who be- the course of the book more than of autonomous personality which came a great Christian physi- forty Christian Japanese women cian to his own countrymen. and their special work are deis the cultural ideal accepted in Sa'eed was the son of Mullah scribed in some detail. In addithis book. Moreover, in dealing Rassul, a devout Kurdish Mos- tion there are frequent lists lem of Sanneh, Persia. The boy which go into fewer particulars. with cross-fertilization and the was unusually bright and after It ought to be a reassurance to interchange of ideas, it becomes studying law and theology be- anyone regarding missions in necessary to take into account, came a priest and an approved general and the Christian move- ment in Japan in particular. what has been overlooked in this teacher at the age of fourteen. Just this time when the military book, that ideas have a much In two more years he was recog- forces in Japan are so much in more than academic or mild cul- nized as a brilliant and pious evidence it is refreshing to have tural value; they have, also, an Moslem theologian, a master of revealed the quieter but more uncanny demonic value, as Paul Persian classics and the Arabic enduring forces brought to sight grammar. so clearly. The book should re- Tillich would call it; a fact ceive a wide reading among both which is demonstrated in the Later he came into contact men and women. Much of the crusading movements of our with a humble Assyrian evan- social system of Japan has been gelist with whom he studied disturbed or destroyed; here are time. It is this demonic quality Syriac. This man's Christian life the women and the faith which of ideas which is apt to upset and character and his knowledge will establish a new system, usall the predictions of academic of the Bible and the Koran fi- ing all the values of the old but thinkers on culture and which nally led to Sa'eed's conversion. making it new in Christ. makes one smile sadly that in His life was often threatened this time, above all times, Chris- and he escaped to Hammadan C. B. McAFEE. tian missionaries should be where he studied medicine in the The Story of the Brethren Movement. asked to curb their euthusiasm mission hospital. The story of By Thomas Stewart Veitch. 8 vo. within the sedate frontiers of 108 pp. 28. 6d. Pickering and deliberation and so leave all per- his life is of thrilling interest. suasion to the apostles of the He became not only a highly new crusading faiths. honored physician but a great As to the question of the in- terpretation of religion and a Bible teacher and personal Inglis, London, Glasgow, Edinphilosophy of missions, it moves worker. His escapes from those burgh. 1933.

one to sadness to find such a who plotted his death were many The author describes his book shallow and passionless interpre- and remarkable but still more as "a simple and straightforward tation of Christianity as this wonderful was the way in which account of the features and failvolume contains. We submit that he won his enemies to Christ. ures of a sincere attempt to whatever may be the theological Today Dr. Sa'eed, Khan, is liv- carry out the principles of Scripinadequacy of the first four chap- ing in Teheran, 70 years old, ture during the last one hundred ters of the Laymen's Inquiry, honored by all and still active as years." It is the story of the they sprang out of a warm, ro- a Christian physician. Those Brethren who became known as mantic idealism-Neo-Hegelian, who think Moslems cannot be Plymouth Brethren because of if you like. This book brings converted, or that the age of the large early congregation out of a cold Chicago positivism, miracles is past, should read this which grew up in the city of to which the author strives to stirring story. It is a strength- Plymouth, England. The movebe loyal, but of whose essentially ener of Christian faith and a ment began with a little company superficial character we do not stimulant to more sacrificial of Christians in Dublin in 1825 believe he is fully aware. Over service. The author, Prof. Isaac who met together in unorganized

fellowship and worship on two Personal Items has been elected head of the Moody principles "the oneness of the Bible Institute, Chicago, to succeed Dr. Nicol MacNicol, who served Dr. James M. Gray who is 81 years of Body of Christ," "the absence of for many years in India, and was one age. Dr. Houghton is the first Bapa clerical caste in the New Testa- of the secretaries of the National tist to hold this position, although Christian Council, is to give a course many evangelical denominations are ment Scriptures, and the un- of lectures in the Kennedy School of included in the faculty and student scriptural character of the man- Missions, at Hartford, Connecticut, body. ordained ministry." during the present school year. The Rev. D*r. W* il*liam Decker, a It is tragic to read this story Dr. Alton L*. *Mi*ller, prominent widely known missionary serving in and to see how a movement Baptist layman of Boston, has been China, has been chosen to succeed the which began with such a prin- elected Chairman of the American Rev. James H. Franklin, of East Baptist Foreign Mission Society, suc- Orange, as Secretary of the Baptist ciple of unity should have de- ceeding Dr. H. J. White, of Phila- Foreign Missionary Society. Dr. veloped into one of the most delphia. Franklin has accepted the presidency of Crozier Theological Seminary. schismatical and fissiparous *** movements in history. Under New Books Darby, and the various separa- Rt. Rev. Heber J. Hamilton, retir- ing bishop of Mid-Japan and first The African Today. Diedrich Westertions and excommunications of Canadian missionary bishop in Japan, mann. 343 pp. $3. Oxford Unithe "Exclusive Brethren," rup- has given 42 years of service. He has versity Press. New York. returned to Canada. ture followed rupture until in Administering the Young People's later years there were solitary *** Deparment of the Local Church. Brethren who could fellowship Cecil Daniel Smith. 219 pp. 85 Dr. and Mrs. Silas F. Johnson for cents. Pilgrim Press. Boston. with no other Brethren. forty years missionaries in the Cam- Well would it be if this book eroun country, West Africa, have re- The New Chain Reference Bible. cently been honorably retired by the Compiled and Edited by Frank were read by all of our present- Presbyterian Board of Foreign Mis- Charles Thompson. Illustrated. day groups who disfellowship sions and have returned to America. Kirkbride Bible Co. Indianapolis. Their daughter, Mrs. Joseph McNeill and denounce as unsound in the continues in service in West Africa. Check Book of the Bank of Faith. faith all other Christians who do Dr. Johnson has done remarkable Charles H. Spurgeon. 170 pp. $1. not agree with them. medical work in Africa and he and his Baptist Sunday School Board. wife have ministered to many thou- Nashville. Mr. Veitch quotes with ap- sands with the Gospel. They are proval, as the lesson taught by greatly beloved by the Africans. Education of Primitive People. Al- bert D. Helser. 316 pp. $3. Revell. the Brethren's history of the *** New York. Standards of the Relief Church of Scotland (alas, a dissenting Dr. E. J. Pace, the Christian car- The Great Commission. Henry W. toonist, has been in England since the Frost. 47 pp. 25 cents. China In- Church) two hundred years ago: middle of June and on October first land Mission. Philadelphia. plans to leave for the continent of On the subject of communion, it is Europe to meet engagements in Insights into Modern Hinduism. of importance to inquire whose table France and Belgium. In December Schermerhorn Lectures No.2. the sacramental table is? This is a he expects to sail from Marseilles to Hervey DeWitt Griswold. $2. 284 question so plain that a child of eight Casablanca, Morocco, from thence pp. Holt. New York. years old could answer it, and yet its traveling to West Africa, the Sudan, import is unknown to thousands ar- Belgian Congo and South Africa. Japan and Her People. Ethel M. rived at the state of manhood. It is Later he expects to spend some months Hughes. 145 pp. $1.00 cloth; 60 in India and French, Indo China, the cents paper. Friendship Press. m.ean, unworthy prostitution 0/ this Philippines, China and Japan. New York.

Table to call it the tale of a party. *** Japanese Here and There. Margaret It is the Lord's Table. For',whom is E. Forsyth and Ursul R. Moran. the Table covered by the generous Bishop Hiram Hulse, since 1915 the $1.00 cloth; 75 cents paper. Friend- Entertainer? Is it covered for Burgh- representative of the Protestant Epis- ship Press. New York. er or Antiburgher? for Church peo- copal Church in Cuba, was one of the ple or for Relief people? for Inde- survivors of the terrible tragedy of Japanese Boys and Girls. Based on pendents or Episcopalians as such? the Ward Liner Morro Castle, on Sep- "Friends of Nippon." Handbook No. For whom then? For the chil- tember 8th, off the coast of New Jer- for Leaders of Junior Groups. Inaaren of God, not as they belong to any sey. With Mrs. Hulse he was return- belle G. Coleman. 26 pp. 10 cents. particula,r denomination of professors, ing from Cuba when the vessel took Sunday School Board, Southern but as they are His children in reality fire, causing the death of 156 pas- Baptist Convention. Nashville. and rnppear to be so by their deport- sengers and members of the crew. ment. It is the most daring presumJp- Bishop and Mrs. Hulse were rescued Kingdom Come. Hugh Redwood. 128 tion in any to deny the children's from the water, not seriously injured pp. $1. Revell. New York. bread to the children of God. but deeply affected by their expe- rience. Kagawa in the Philippines. Friends Yes, or to break the Body of of Jesus Library No.4. 90 pp. 25 *** cents. Can be obtained from Galen Christ or usurp authority as the M. Fisher. Pleasantville, N. Y. Evangeline Booth, daughter of sole arbiters of sound doctrine. General William Booth, has been Our Priceless He~itage. A Study of elected General of the Salvation Christian Doctrine in Contrast with The Bible belongs to all Chris- Army. She thus succeeds her father, Romanism. Henry W. Woods. 204 her brother, Bramwell Booth, and the pp. $1.50. Marshall, Morgan & tians, and no man, but the Holy recent commander, General Higgins. Scott. London. Miss Booth will leave America, where Spirit alone, is its authoritative she has been Commander of the Army Suppressing Communist Banditry in in the United States, and will make China. "China Today" Series. interpreter. R. E. S. her headquarters in London.

NOTE:-The Institute of Social and Dr. Will Ho*ugh*ton*, pastor of the Religious Research has transferred their list of publications (33 active Calvary Baptist Church, New York, titles) to Harper & Brothers, New York.

by T'Ang Leang-Ii. 110 pp. 40 Cents MARSHALL'S 40

$1.50. China United Press. Shang- hai. MISSIONARY STORIES The Translated Bible. O. M. Orlie, for BOYS and GIRLS Editor. 222 pp. $1. United Lu- theran Pub. House. Philadelphia. Each book contains three stories of intrepid Missionary adventure and the undaunted self- The World Mission of the Christian sacrifice of pioneers, attractively written for Religion. Wade Crawford Barclay. young readers. Beautifully produced, printed 301 pp. $1.25. Gokesbury Press. on antique wove paper, and profusely illus- Nashville. trated with colored Frontispiece, half-tone plates on art paper and line drawings. The Why God Became Man. P. B. Fitz- jackets have been specially drawn by John F. water. 79 pp. 60 cents. B. I. C. Campbell and each represents a scene from the Assn. Chicago. life of the Missionary reproduced in full color. Attractively bound in illustrated full cloth Southern Baptist Handbook – 1934. boards. A splendid series of Reward Books. E. P. Alldredge. 414 pp. 50 cents. Southern B apt i s t Convention. ".•. brightly written … substantially bound … we unreservedly com- Nashville. mend these books for Sunday-school libraries."-Baptist Times.

On Five Continents. 97th Annual "Sunday-school workers will nnd them invaluable."-New Chronicle. Report, Board of Foreign Missions, Presbyterian Chureh, U. S. A. 94 Heroes of the Cross Series ONE pp. 25 cents. New York. DAVID LIVINGSTONE : ROBERT MOFFAT APOLO & THE PYGMIES The Japan Christian Year Book- 1934. $1.75. Committee of Refer- Heroes of the Cross Series TWO ence & Counsel. New York. PANDITA RAMABAI : : : MARY SLESSOR The Beloved Physician of Teheran. Isaac Malik Yonan. $1.00. 117 pp. RASALAMA & HEROES IN MADAGASCAR Cokesbury Press. Nashville. Heroes of the Cross Series THREE Biblical Backgrounds. J. McKee Adams. $3.75. 482 pp. Baptist S. WILLIAM BURNS GILMOUR OF MONGOLIA HUDSON TAYLOR S. Board. Nashville. Heroes of the Cross Series FOUR The Bible at the Bar. W. M. Robert- son. 18. Pickering & Inglis. Lon- JOHN WILLIAMS JAMES CHALMERS ABEL OF KWATO don. Heroes of the Cross Series FIVE The Bible and Evolution. H. R. Kin- dersley. 32 pp. Marshall, Morgan JAMES HANNINGTON : : MACKAY OF UGANDA & Scott. London. AGGREY: THE AFRICAN TEACHER Chinese Ethical Ideals. Frank Raw- linson. 122 pp. College of Chinese Heroes of the Cross Series SIX Studies. Peiping. DR. FREDERICK BAEDEKER : : HORACE UNDERWOOD Church Unity Movements in the United States. H. Paul Douglass. ARTHUR NEVE OF KASHMIR 576 pp. $3.00. Institute of Social and ReIigious Research. New York. Heroes of the Cross Series SEVEN Experiences in Witnessing for DAVID BRAINERD : : : DR. WILFRED GRENFELL Christ. George Irving. 52 pp. 50 cents. Association Press. New McCULLAGH AND THE RED INDIANS York. Heroes of the Cross Series EIGHT Escape from the Soviets. Tatiana Tchernovin. 320 pp. Dutton. New DAVID HILL : SAMUEL POLLARD : DR. APRICOT OF "HEAVEN BELOW" York. Colored Wrappers! Illustrated Cloth Bindings! "Eye to Aye." Paul H. Graef. 127 pp. $1.00. Christian and Mission- Colored Frontispiece! Four Pages of Photographs! ary Alliance. New York. Numerous Black and White Illustrations! A History of Religion. Herbert H. Gowan. 698 pp. $3.50. Morehouse for PRIZES……finest value obtainable Pub. Co. Milwaukee. "Lovely books-exciting adventures-thrilling tales."-Methodist Times. India's Social Heritage. L. S. S. O'Malley. $2.00. 194 pp. Oxford MARSHALL, MORGAN & SCOTT, LTD. University Press. New York. London and Edinburgh Liang A-Fa, China's First Preacher. Agents for the United States: Geo. Hunter McNeur. 126 pp. 75 THE ZONDERVAN PUBLISHING HOUSE cents. Kwang. Hsiih Pub. House. 543 Eastern Avenue, S. E., Grand Rapids, Michigan, U. S. ~ Shanghai.

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Paul, His Heritage and His Legacy. Kirsopp Lake. $2.00. 153 pp. Ox- ford University Press. New York.

Henrietta Soltau. Mildred Cable and Fracnesca French. 240 pp. 28. 6d. China Inland Mission. London.

LONDON TIMES says: "First as a missionary teacher, then as a companion to the mar-

tyred Chalmers, then as director of the mission station Abel spent forty years in transforming cannibals into Christians."

CHARLES W. ABEL of KWATO By RUSSELL W. ABEL THE RELIGIOUS BOOK CLUB BULLETIN says: "The story of thrilling life in a little- known corner of the world. Abel was known in the United States as well as in England. His life, strangely and tragically enough, was terminated by a motor accident, in quiet England, but the story of his astonishing and peculiarly successful career will travel the roads of the world for years to come." Illustrated, $2.00 EDUCATIONof PRIMITIVE PEOPLE BACK OF THE MOUNTAIN By ALBERT D. HELSER By MARY BREWSTER HOLLISTER A revelation of what education among a primitive people The author of "Mai-Dee of the Mountains" has given us essentially is. Becoming one of the community, sharing the another engrossing and informative story of child-life in life of the people, respecting their traditions and their ways China and the effect of missionary influence upon it. A of working, the author helps them to help themselves. Any- book of real value and genuine interest for missionary gath- one interested in getting a glimpse of African mission-work erings, reading circles and affiliated spheres. $1.25 today will be delighted with this book. Introduction by Prof. Mabel Carney. $3.00 N,EW BIBLE EVIDENCE A JAPANESE GRANDMOTHER By SIR CHARLES MARSTON, F.S.A.

By EMMA G. LIPPARD From the 1925-1933 Excavations The author of this attractive and informative little volume "Christians everywhere ought to read Sir Charles Marsis the wife of Dr. C. K. Lippard, who, for more than thirtythree years, has labored as a foreign missionary in Japan. ton's book. It is a deep mine of rich lore . . . contains Mrs. Lippard portrays everyday existence as it obtains among many facts which corroborate the truth of the Bible, and upper middle-class people in the Island Empire. Illustrated, Boards, 75c confute the vagaries and inventions of unbelief, which should be widely known."-S. S. Times. Illustrated, $2.00 FLEMING H. REVELL COMPANY 158 Fifth Ave., New York AT ALL BOOKSELLERS DO NOT MISS THE MOSLEM WORLD SAMUEL M. ZWEMER, Editor SOME ARTICLES IN THE OCTOBER NUMBER: Behold the Lamb of God I (Frontispiece) …………………. Samuel M. Zwemer Mohammed and Previous Messengers ………………………….. Richard Bell Modern Persian Law . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Dwight M. Donaldson Islam in North Africa …………………………………. Joseph J. Cooksey The Moslem Minority of Bulgaria ………………………….. Irwin 1. Sanders The Apology of John of Damascus (Translated) ………………. John W. Voorhis The Nestorian Church of China ………………………………… Sten Bugge Financing Religious Literature. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . . Paul Erdman A Christian-Moslem Calendar Current Topics …. Book Reviews …. Survey of Periodicals …. Index for the Year SUBSCRIBE NOW « 50 Cents d Copy. $2.00 d Yedr (postpaid) In combindtion with THE MOSLEM WORLD THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD 156 Fifth Avenue, New York City $3.50 d Yedr. (Foreign Postdge, 50 Cents) British Agents: MARSHALL, MORGAN a SCOTT, 12 P.temoster Buildings, London, E. C.

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